Ws71 Manual

Workstation Users Manual
VMware Workstation 7.1
This document supports the version of each product listed and supports all subsequent versions until the document is replaced by a new edition. To check for more recent editions of this document, see http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.
EN-000358-00
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Contents
AboutThisBook
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1 IntroductionandSystemRequirements 21
ProductBenefits 21 OverviewofThisManual 22 HostSystemRequirements 23 PCHardware 23 Memory 23 Display 24 DiskDrives 25 LocalAreaNetworking 25 HostOperatingSystem 25 VirtualMachineSpecifications 26 Processor 26 ChipSet 26 BIOS 26 Memory 26 Graphics 27 IDEDrives 27 SCSIDevices 27 FloppyDrives 27 Serial(COM)Ports 27 Parallel(LPT)Ports 28 USBPorts 28 Keyboard 28 MouseandDrawingTablets 28 EthernetCard 28 Sound 28 VirtualNetworking 29 SupportedGuestOperatingSystems 29 Supportfor64BitGuestOperatingSystems 29
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2 InstallingandUpgradingVMwareWorkstation 31
InstallationPrerequisites 31 SharingaWorkstationHostwithOtherVMwareProducts 32 InstallWorkstationonaWindowsHost 33 InstallWorkstationSilently 35 UninstallWorkstationfromaWindowsHost 37 InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHost 37 UsingCommandLineInstallationOptions 39 UninstallWorkstationfromaLinuxHost 40 PreparingforanUpgrade 40 UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHost 41 UpgradingtoaWindowsVistaandWindows7Host 42 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHost 44
3 LearningWorkstationBasics 47
StartWorkstationonaWindowsHost 47 StartWorkstationonaLinuxHost 48 OverviewoftheWorkstationWindow 48 HomePageandViews 50 ToolbarButtons 53 ViewtheSidebar 56 FavoritesListintheSidebar 57 CheckforProductUpdates 59 QuicklyCreateaVirtualMachineandInstallanOperatingSystem 60 IntroductiontoWorkstationPreferences 61 IntroductiontoVirtualMachineSettings 63 HardwareTab 64 OptionsTab 65 ClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstation 66 SetaVirtualMachinetoRunintheBackground 66 KeyboardShortcuts 67 ChangetheHotKeyCombination 68 GatheringInformationforVMwareTechnicalSupport 69 RegisterandCreateaSupportRequest 69 GatherDebuggingInformationforaVirtualMachine 70 RunningtheSupportScript 71
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Contents
4 CreatingandUpgradingaVirtualMachine 75
MethodsofCreatingVirtualMachines 75 ConfigurationOptionsfortheNewVirtualMachineWizard 76 EasyInstallFeatureforSomeGuestOperatingSystems 76 TypicalComparedtoCustomConfigurations 78 GuestOperatingSystemSelection 79 VirtualMachineLocation 80 VirtualMachineHardwareCompatibilityLevels 81 NumberofProcessors 81 MemoryAllocation 81 NetworkConnectionType 82 I/OAdapterTypes 82 VirtualDisksandPhysicalDisks 83 DiskTypes 83 NormalandIndependentDiskModes 83 DiskCapacity 84 PocketACEDiskSizeCalculatoronWindowsOnly 84 UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizard 85 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystem 85 InstallationRequirementsfortheESXGuestOperatingSystem 86 RespondtoEasyInstallPrompts 86 InstallaGuestOperatingSystemManually 87 UseaParavirtualizedKernelinLinuxGuests 89 UpgradeaGuestOperatingSystem 89 ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachine 90 UsinganOlderVersionVirtualMachineWithoutUpgrading 92 FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachine 93
5 InstallingandUsingVMwareTools 97
ComponentsofVMwareTools 97 VMwareToolsService 98 VMwareDeviceDrivers 98 VMwareUserProcess 99 VMwareToolsControlPanel 100 DownloadandInstallVMwareToolswithSoftwareUpdates DownloadallSoftwareComponentstotheHost 101 InstallingVMwareTools 101 InstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuest 102
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ConfiguretheVideoDriveronOlderVersionsofWindows 103 AutomatetheInstallationofVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuest 104 InstallVMwareToolsinaLinuxGuest 107 InstallVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuest 109 InstallVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuest 110 InstallVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuest 111 StarttheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUseaSession Manager 112 VMwareToolsUpdateProcess 113 HowAutomaticUpdatesOccur 113 HowYouAreNotifiedtoDoaManualUpdate 114 UseGlobalSettingstoUpdateVMwareToolsAutomatically 114 SetVMwareToolsUpdateOptionsforEachVirtualMachine 115 UpdateVMwareToolsinOlderWindowsVirtualMachines 115 UninstallVMwareTools 116 RepairorChangeInstalledModulesinaWindowsGuest 116 OpentheVMwareToolsControlPanel 117 UsetheWindowsControlPaneltoDisplaytheTaskbarIcon 118 OptionsTabSettings 118 DevicesTabSettings 120 ScriptsTabSettings 120 ShrinkTabSettings 121 AboutTab 121 ConfigureVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuest 121 CustomizationstoVMwareTools 123 HowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPowerStates 123 ExecuteCommandsAfterYouPowerOfforResetaVirtualMachine 126 PassingaStringfromtheHosttotheGuestatStartup 127 PassingInformationBetweentheGuestandAnotherProgram 129 UsetheVMwareToolsServiceCommandLineInterface 130
6 CreatingaVirtualMachinefromaSystemImageorAnotherVirtual
Machine 131
ConversionProcessforImportingfromOtherFormats 131 VMwareConverterComparedtotheConversionWizard 133 SupportedSourceMachines 133 ImportingfromVariousSources 134 SupportedDestinations 138 DesignatingaDestinationforaVirtualMachine 138
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ConversionImpactonSettings 140 MigrationIssuesCausedbyHardwareChanges 141 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImage 141 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImage ImportaWindowsXPModeVirtualMachine 143
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7 GettingStartedwithVirtualMachines 145
StartingaVirtualMachine 146 StartaVirtualMachinefromtheWorkstationUserInterface 146 StartaVirtualMachineThatIsRunningintheBackground 147 StartaVirtualMachinebyUsingVMStreaming 148 VirtualMachineLocation 149 ShutDownaVirtualMachine 149 ConfigurePowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachine 150 UsingAutologoninaWindowsGuest 151 EnableAutologoninaWindowsGuest 151 DisableAutologoninaWindowsGuest 152 PausingaVirtualMachine 152 PauseFeatureLimitations 153 PauseandUnpauseaVirtualMachine 153 EncryptingaVirtualMachine 154 RestrictionsonEncryption 154 EncryptaVirtualMachine 155 RemoveEncryptionfromaVirtualMachine 155 ChangethePasswordforanEncryptedVirtualMachine 156 DeleteaVirtualMachine 156 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplay 156 UsingUnityMode 157 UseFullScreenMode 161 UseQuickSwitchMode 164 UseExclusiveMode 164 UseMultipleMonitorsforOneVirtualMachine 165 UseMultipleMonitorsforMultipleVirtualMachines 168 FittingtheWorkstationConsoletotheVirtualMachineDisplay 169 WorkingwithNonstandardResolutions 170 ConfiguringVideoandSound 171 SettingScreenColorDepth 171 SupportforDirect3DGraphics 172
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ConfiguringSound 174 InstallNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachine 178 DisableAccelerationIfaProgramDoesNotRun 178 ReportBatteryInformationintheGuest 179 UseHostPrintersinaVirtualMachine 179 UseRemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachine 180 ConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachine 181 CreateaScreenshotofaVirtualMachine 182 CreateandPlayBackaMovieofaVirtualMachine 183 AdvancedOptionsforApplicationDevelopers 185
8 TransferringFilesandTextBetweentheHostandGuest 187
UsingtheDragandDropFeature 187 EnableorDisabletheDragandDropFeature 188 UsingtheCopyandPasteFeature 189 EnableorDisabletheCopyandPasteFeature 190 UsingSharedFolders 190 SetUpSharedFolders 191 EnablingandDisablingSharedFolders 193 ViewingaSharedFolder 195 PermissionsandFolderMountingforSharedFoldersonLinuxGuests 196 UsingaMappedDrive 198 MaporMountaVirtualDisktoaDriveontheHost 199 DisconnecttheHostfromtheVirtualDisk 200
9 PreservingtheStateofaVirtualMachine 201
UsingtheSuspendandResumeFeatures 201 UseHardSuspendorSoftSuspend 202 SuspendorResumeaVirtualMachine 202 UsingSnapshots 203 ScenariosforUsingMultipleSnapshots 203 InformationCapturedbySnapshots 205 SnapshotConflicts 206 EnableorDisableBackgroundSnapshots 206 ExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshots 207 SnapshotManagerOverview 208 TakeaSnapshot 209 RenameaSnapshotorRecording 211
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RestoreanEarlierStatefromaSnapshot 211 DeleteaSnapshotoraRecording 212 TakeorReverttoaSnapshotatPowerOff 213 UsingAutoProtectSnapshots 214 SnapshotsandWorkstation4VirtualMachines 215
10 Cloning,Moving,andSharingVirtualMachines 217
TheVirtualMachinesUniversalUniqueIdentifier 217 UUIDOptionsWhenYouMoveaVirtualMachine 218 SpecifyaUUIDforaVirtualMachine 218 CloningaVirtualMachine 219 TypesofClones 220 CreatingClones 221 MovingaVirtualMachine 223 HostswithDifferentHardware 223 MoveaVirtualMachinetoaNewLocationoraNewHost 224 MovinganOlderVirtualMachine 225 MovingLinkedClones 226 SharingVirtualMachineswithOtherUsers 226 UsingVNCforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachine 227 ConfigureaVirtualMachineasaVNCServer 227 UseaVNCClienttoConnecttoaVirtualMachine 228 MakeVirtualMachinesAvailableforStreamingfromaWebServer 229 SharingVirtualMachineswithVMwarePlayer 230 StartandExitVMwarePlayer 231 SettingUpVirtualMachinesforUsewithVMwarePlayer 232
11 UsingDisksandDiskDrives 235
VirtualMachineDiskStorage 235 BenefitsofUsingVirtualDisks 236 PhysicalDisks 238 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasks 238 DefragmentVirtualDisks 239 CompactaVirtualDisk 240 ExpandaVirtualDisk 240 AddingVirtualandPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachine 241 AddaNewVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 242 AddanExistingVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 243
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RemoveaVirtualDiskfromaVirtualMachine 243 UsingPhysicalDisksinaVirtualMachine 244 AddingDVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachine 250 AddDVDorCDDrivestoaVirtualMachine 250 AddaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachine 252 ConnectaCDROM,DVD,orFloppyDrivetoanImageFile 253 UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManager 254 UsingDualBootComputerswithVirtualMachines 254 LegacyVirtualDisks 255
12 RecordingandReplayingVirtualMachineActivity 257
UsingtheRecord/ReplayFeature 257 Hardware,OperatingSystem,andVirtualMachineRequirements 258 ConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachine 259 OptionsoftheRecordControlDialogBox 261 OptionsoftheReplayControlDialogBox 262 CreateaRecording 264 ReplayaRecording 265 BrowseaRecording 266 UsingTraceFileofaRecording 267 EnableTracingforaRecording 267 CreateaTraceFileofaRecording 268 ManagingRecordings 268 DeleteaRecording 269 DisablePeriodicScreenshots 269
13 ConfiguringTeams 271
BenefitsofUsingTeams 271 ManagingTeams 272 CreateaTeam 272 OpenaTeamandAddIttotheFavoritesList 273 RenameaTeam 274 PowerOfforCloseaTeam 274 DeleteaTeam 275 SummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachines 276 ManagingtheMembersofaTeam 276 AddaVirtualMachinetoaTeam 277 RemoveaVirtualMachinefromaTeam 277
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SpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeam 278 PowerOperationsforTeamsandTheirMembers 279 PowerOnaTeam 279 SuspendorResumeaTeam 279 PerformPowerOperationsonOneTeamMember 280 WorkingwithTeamNetworks 280 LANSegmentRequirementsRegardingIPAddresses 280 CreateaTeamLANSegment 281 ConfigureLANSegments 281 AddorRemoveNetworkAdapters 282 DeleteaLANSegment 283 CloningandTakingSnapshotsofTeamVirtualMachines 283
14 ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork 285
ComponentsoftheVirtualNetwork 285 VirtualSwitch 285 DHCPServer 286 NetworkAdapter 286 CommonNetworkingConfigurations 286 BridgedNetworking 287 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT) 289 HostOnlyNetworking 290 ExampleofaCustomNetworkingConfiguration 291 SetUpaCustomNetworkingConfiguration 292 ChangingaNetworkingConfiguration 295 FindtheNetworkTypeofaVirtualMachine 295 AddVirtualNetworkAdapters 295 ModifyExistingVirtualNetworkAdapters 296 ConfiguringBridgedNetworking 297 ConfigureVMnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaWindowsHost 297 Configurevmnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaLinuxHost 298 SettingUpaSecondAutomaticBridgedNetworkInterface 299 ChangingtheSubnetorDHCPSettingsforaVirtualNetwork 299 ChangeSubnetorDHCPSettingsonaWindowsHost 300 ChangeSubnetorDHCPSettingsonaLinuxHost 300 ConfiguringHostVirtualNetworkAdapters 301 ConnectorDisconnectaHostVirtualNetworkAdapter 301 SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworks 302
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15 AdvancedVirtualNetworking 303
SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfiguration 304 HowtheSubnetNumberIsAssigned 304 DeterminingWhethertoUseDHCPorStaticallyAssignAddresses 305 DHCPConventionsforAssigningIPAddresses 305 ConfiguretheDHCPServeronaWindowsHost 306 ConfiguretheDHCPServeronaLinuxHost 306 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetwork 306 DisablePacketForwardingonWindowsHosts 307 DisablePacketForwardingonLinuxHosts 308 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachine 308 AvoidingMACAddressChanges 308 AssigntheSameMACAddresstoAnyVirtualMachineManually 309 ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinux 310 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinux 311 DHCPDontheLinuxHostDoesNotWorkAfterInstallingWorkstation 311 DHCPandDDNS 312 ConfiguringHostOnlyVirtualMachines 312 SetUpUsingConfiguration1or2 313 SetUpUsingConfiguration3 313 CompleteConfiguringtheVirtualNetworkAdapters 314 SetUpRoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworks 314 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHost 316 UsingNAT 317 HowtheNATDeviceUsestheVMnet8VirtualSwitch 317 DHCPontheNATNetwork 318 DNSontheNATNetwork 318 ExternalAccessfromtheNATNetwork 319 AdvancedNATConfiguration 320 ConfigureNATonaWindowsHost 320 CustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHost 320 SpecifyingConnectionsfromPortsBelow1024 321 ConfiguringNATonaLinuxHost 322 ConsiderationsforUsingNAT 324 UsingNATwithNetLogon 325 SampleLinuxnat.confFile 327 UsingSambawithWorkstation 329 AddUserstotheSambaPasswordFile 329
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Contents
UsingaSambaServerforBridgedandHostOnlyNetworks 330 UseSambaWithoutNetworkAccess 330
16 ConnectingDevices 331
UsingParallelPorts 331 AddaVirtualParallelPorttoaVirtualMachine 332 TroubleshootECRErrorsforParallelPorts 332 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaLinuxHost 333 UsingSerialPorts 335 AddaVirtualSerialPorttoaVirtualMachine 335 ChangetheInputSpeedoftheSerialConnection 337 DebuggingoveraVirtualSerialPort 338 ConfiguringKeyboardFeatures 339 UsetheEnhancedVirtualKeyboardforWindowsHosts 339 HotKeysforVirtualMachines 340 SpecifyaLanguageKeyboardMapforVNCClients 341 KeyboardMappingonaLinuxHost 342 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachine 351 EnabletheUSB2.0ControllerforaVirtualMachine 352 AddaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachine 352 ConnectingUSBDevices 353 USBDriverInstallationonaWindowsHost 355 AccessandUseaUSBDeviceonaLinuxHost 356 HowDeviceControlIsSharedBetweenHostandGuest 356 DisconnectingUSBDevicesfromaVirtualMachine 357 UseSmartCardswithVirtualMachines 358 SwitchtoUsingtheVirtualSmartCardReaderonLinuxHosts 360 DisableSmartCardSharing 360 SupportforGenericSCSIDevices 361 InstallingRequiredAdaptersorDriversforSomeWindowsGuests 362 AvoidingConcurrentAccessonLinuxHosts 363 AddaGenericSCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachine 363 TroubleshootProblemsDetectingGenericSCSIDevices 364 UseEightWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing 366 UseaVirtualMachineThatOriginallyHadMoreThanEightVirtual Processors 367
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17 SpecialPurposeConfigurationOptionsforWindowsHosts 369
RestrictingtheUserInterface 369 EnabletheRestrictedUserInterface 370 RestricttheUserInterfaceandReturntoaSnapshot 370 DisabletheRestrictedUserInterface 371 MakingaVirtualMachineAlwaysUseFullScreenSwitchMode 372 SpecifyGlobalConfigurationSettingsforFullScreenSwitchMode 372 VirtualKeyCodes 373 HotKeyforCyclingThroughVirtualMachinesandtheHostComputer 375 HotKeysforSwitchingDirectlytoVirtualMachinesandtheHost Computer 375 OtherEntriesintheGlobalConfigurationFile 376 UsingvmwarefullscreentoRunaVirtualMachine 377 GuestACPIS1Sleep 380
18 LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE 381
BenefitsofUsingVMwareACE 381 KeyFeaturesofVMwareACE 382 VMwareACETerminology 383 NetworkandDiskSpaceRequirementsfortheAdministrativeWorkstation 384 OverviewofCreatingandDeployingACEPackages 385 OverviewoftheACEUserInterface 386 TroubleshootingUsersProblems 387
19 SettingandUsingPoliciesandCustomizingVMwarePlayer 389
BenefitsofUsingPolicies 390 SetPoliciesforACEInstances 390 SettingAccessControlPolicies 391 CreateorEditanAccessControlPolicy 392 ActivationSettings 392 AuthenticationSettings 393 UsinganAuthenticationScript 394 IncludeaPowerOnandPowerOffScriptinthePackage SetaRecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstances 396 SetActivationLimit 396 ActiveDirectoryPasswordChangeProxying 397 SettingHosttoGuestDataScriptPolicies 397 SpecifyaScriptandaCommandtoRunIt 398
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Contents
SettingExpirationPolicies 399 SettingCopyProtectionPolicies 400 SettingResourceSigningPolicies 401 SettingNetworkAccessPolicies 402 BeforeYouBeginSettingHostPolicies 402 UsetheNetworkAccessWizardtoConfigureNetworkAccess 403 GuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditions 404 UsingtheRulesetEditortoConfigureHostandGuestAccess 407 ChangeNATSettings 409 ConfigureWhichPhysicalNetworkAdaptertoUse 410 UnderstandingtheInteractionofHostandGuestAccessFilterswithTunneling Protocols 411 UpdatingaNetworkAccessPolicy 411 SettingRemovableDevicesPolicies 411 SettingUSBDevicePolicies 412 AccessLevelsforUSBDevices 412 SetanAccessPolicyforUSBDevices 413 SettingVirtualPrinterPolicies 414 SettingRuntimePreferencesPolicies 415 RuntimePreferencesSettings 415 EnhancedVirtualKeyboardSettings 416 ExitBehaviorSettings 416 PocketACECacheSettings 417 SettingSnapshotPolicies 418 SettingAdministratorModePolicies 419 UseAdministratorModeonanACEInstance 419 SettingKioskModePolicies 420 ChangetheKeyCombinationforExitingKioskMode 420 SettingHotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstances 421 SettingthePolicyUpdateFrequencyforManagedACEInstances 421 ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHost 422 WritingPlugInPolicyScripts 424 ExamplesofPolicyScripts 425 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerInterfaceonWindowsHostsOnly 429 CreateandSpecifyaSkinFile 429 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerIcons 430 CustomizingtheTitleBarText 430 CustomizingtheRemovableDeviceDisplay 431 ShortcutKeyValues 433 SampleSkinFile 434
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20 DeployingACEPackages 435
EditDeploymentSettings 435 EncryptionSettings 436 PackageLifetimeSettings 436 InstanceCustomizationonWindowsGuestsOnly 437 CustomEULASettings 445 DeploymentPlatformSettings 446 ACEResourcesDirectory 446 ReviewtheConfigurationofanACEEnabledVirtualMachine 447 UsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettings 448 CreatingaPackage 449 OverviewofPackageCreationandValidation 450 TurnOfftheVMwareToolsCheckforTestDeployments 451 PrerequisitesforUsingthePackagingWizards 452 UsetheNewPackageWizard 453 ViewPackagePropertiesandAddNotes 454 PerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTest 455 DeployPackages 456
21 PocketACE 457
UseCasesforPocketACE 458 PortableDeviceRequirements 459 PoliciesandDeploymentSettingsforPocketACE 460 CreateaPocketACEPackage 460 DeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDevice 461 UsetheGraphicalUtilitytoDeployPocketACEPackages 461 UsetheCommandLineUtilitytoDeployPocketACEPackages RunthePocketACEInstance 463
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22 InstallingACEPackages 465
InstallinganACEPackageonaWindowsHost 465 InstallanACEInstanceonaSingleWindowsHost 466 InstallinganACEPackageSilentlyonMultipleWindowsHosts 466 UninstallVMwarePlayeroranACEInstancefromaWindowsHost 468 InstallinganACEPackageonaLinuxHost 469 ManuallyInstallVMwarePlayeronaLinuxHost 469 InstalltheACEInstanceonaSingleLinuxHost 470 InstallanACEPackageSilentlyonMultipleLinuxHosts 471
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PrepareaLinuxHostforRunninginKioskMode 472 UninstallVMwarePlayeroranACEInstancefromaLinuxHost 473 UpgradingACEInstancestoACE2.7 473 StartandUseanACEInstance 474 ChangeDefaultKioskModeStartupBehavior 475 UseMultipleVirtualMachinesinKioskMode 476 InstallanACEClientLicense 478 ChangetheACEClientLicense 478 QuitVMwarePlayer 479 TroubleshootingTools 479 UsingthevmwareacetoolCommandLineTool 479 RespondtoHotFixRequests 481 TroubleshootingSetupIssues 482
Appendix:WorkstationCommandLineReference
StartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtualMachines UsingStartupOptionsinaWindowsShortcut 487 485
485
Glossary
489
Index 497
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About This Book
Thismanual,theWorkstationUsersManual,providesinformationaboutinstallingand usingVMwareWorkstation7.1.WithWorkstation,youcanconvertanexisting physicalPCintoaVMwarevirtualmachineorcreateanewvirtualmachine.Each virtualmachinerepresentsacompletePC,includingtheprocessor,memory,network connectionsandperipheralports.UseWorkstationtodothefollowing:

Hostlegacyapplicationsandovercomeplatformmigrationissues. Configureandtestnewsoftwareorpatchesinanisolatedenvironment. Automatetasksforsoftwaredevelopmentandtesting. DemonstratemultitierconfigurationsonasinglePC.
Intended Audience
Thisbookisintendedforanyonewhoneedstoinstall,upgrade,oruseVMware Workstation.Workstationuserstypicallyincludepeoplewhodosoftwaredevelopment andtestingorworkwithmultipleoperatingsystemsorcomputingenvironments: softwaredevelopers,QAengineers,trainers,salespeoplewhorundemos,andanyone whowantstocreatevirtualmachines.
Document Feedback
VMwarewelcomesyoursuggestionsforimprovingourdocumentation.Ifyouhave comments,sendyourfeedbacktodocfeedback@vmware.com.
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Technical Support and Education Resources

Thefollowingsectionsdescribethetechnicalsupportresourcesavailabletoyou.To accessthecurrentversionofthisbookandotherbooks,goto http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.
Online and Telephone Support

Touseonlinesupporttosubmittechnicalsupportrequests,viewyourproductand contractinformation,andregisteryourproducts,goto http://www.vmware.com/support. Customerswithappropriatesupportcontractsshouldusetelephonesupportforthe fastestresponseonpriority1issues.Goto http://www.vmware.com/support/phone_support.html.
Support Offerings
TofindouthowVMwaresupportofferingscanhelpmeetyourbusinessneeds,goto http://www.vmware.com/support/services.
VMware Professional Services

VMwareEducationServicescoursesofferextensivehandsonlabs,casestudy examples,andcoursematerialsdesignedtobeusedasonthejobreferencetools. Coursesareavailableonsite,intheclassroom,andliveonline.Foronsitepilot programs andimplementationbestpractices,VMwareConsultingServicesprovides offeringsto helpyouassess,plan,build,andmanageyourvirtualenvironment.To accessinformationabouteducationclasses,certificationprograms,andconsulting services,gotohttp://www.vmware.com/services.
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Introduction and System Requirements
VMwareWorkstationisadesktopsoftwarethatallowsyoutorunmultiplex86and x64compatibledesktopandserveroperatingsystemssimultaneouslyonasinglePC, infullynetworked,portablevirtualmachineswithnorebootingorharddrive partitioningrequired.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

ProductBenefitsonpage 21 OverviewofThisManualonpage 22 HostSystemRequirementsonpage 23 VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 26 SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 29
Product Benefits
Workstationisusedinthesoftwaredevelopment,qualityassurance,training,sales,and ITfields. Workstationstreamlinessoftwaredevelopmentandtesting:

DevelopandtestmultipleoperatingsystemsandapplicationsonasinglePC. Connectvirtualmachinestosimulateandtestmultitierconfigurations. Usemultiplesnapshotsanddebuggingsupporttofacilitatetesting. Archivetestenvironmentsonfileserverswheretheycanbeeasilyrestoredor shared.
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WorkstationenhancesproductivityofITprofessionals:
Configureandtestdesktopsandserversasvirtualmachinesbeforedeploying themtoproduction. Testnewmultitierapplications,applicationupdates,andoperatingsystem patchesonasinglePC. Hostlegacyapplicationswithinvirtualmachines,facilitatingoperatingsystem migrationsandeliminatingtheneedtoportlegacyapplications. Createavirtuallibraryofenduserconfigurationsonashareddrive.
Workstationfacilitatescomputerbasedtrainingandsoftwaredemos:

Packageanddeployclassroommaterialinvirtualmachines. Allowstudentstoexperimentwithmultipleoperatingsystems,applications,and toolsinsecure,isolatedvirtualmachines. Configurevirtualmachinestoundoallchangesatshutdown. Democomplexormultitierconfigurationsonasinglelaptop.
Overview of This Manual

IfyouareaveteranWorkstationuser,seetheWorkstationReleaseNotesforalistof newfeatures.Forupgradeinstructions,seePreparingforanUpgradeonpage 40. IfyouarenewtoWorkstation,thefirstchaptersofthismanualthroughChapter 7, GettingStartedwithVirtualMachines,onpage 145guideyouthroughthekey stepsforinstallingthesoftwareandprovideanintroductiontousingWorkstation. Laterchaptersprovideindepthinformationaboutthesophisticatedfeaturesof Workstation.Thesechaptersareintendedforexpertusers. Chapter 18,LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE,onpage 381throughChapter 22, InstallingACEPackages,onpage 465describehowtousetheACEfeaturesincluded withtheversionofWorkstationthatrunsonWindowshosts.VMwareACEauthoring featuresenableyoutopackageanddeployPocketACEanddesktopvirtualmachines withencryption,restrictednetworkaccess,anddevicecontrol.
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Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Host System Requirements

Likephysicalcomputers,thevirtualmachinesrunningunderWorkstationperform betteriftheyhavefasterprocessorsandmorememory. Thetermshostandguestdescribephysicalandvirtualmachines:
HostThephysicalcomputeronwhichyouinstalltheWorkstationsoftwareis calledthehostcomputer,anditsoperatingsystemisthehostoperatingsystem. GuestTheoperatingsystemrunninginsideavirtualmachineiscalledaguest operatingsystem.
Fordefinitionsoftheseandotherspecialterms,seeGlossaryonpage 489.
PC Hardware

Standardx86compatibleorx8664compatiblepersonalcomputer. 1.3GHzorfasterCPUminimum. Compatibleprocessorsincludethefollowing:
IntelPentium4,PentiumM(withPAE),Core,Core2,Corei3,Corei5,and Corei7processors AMDAthlon,AthlonMP,AthlonXP,Athlon64,AthlonX2,Duron,Opteron, TurionX2,Turion 64,Sempron,Phenom,andPhenomII
Multiprocessorsystemsaresupported. Supportfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsisavailablewithIntelVTcompatible PCwithIntelVirtualizationTechnologyfeatureturnedonormostAMD64 processors(excepttheearliestrevisionCOpteronprocessors).
ForhardwarerequirementstosupportWindows7Aerographics,see RecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphicsSupportonpage 24.
Memory
Youneedenoughmemorytorunthehostoperatingsystem,plusthememoryrequired foreachguestoperatingsystemandforapplicationsonthehostandguest.The minimummemoryrequirementis1GB,VMwarerecommendstohave2GBandabove. Formoreinformationonmemoryrequirements,seeyourguestoperatingsystemand applicationdocumentation.
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Thetotalamountofmemoryyoucanassigntoallvirtualmachinesrunningonasingle hostislimitedonlybytheamountofRAMonthehost.Themaximumamountof memoryforeachvirtualmachineon32bithostsis8GBandon64bithostsis32GB. Workstationdoesnotallowpoweringonvirtualmachinesthatareconfiguredtouse morethan8GBofmemoryon32bithosts.Memorymanagementlimitationson32bit operatingsystemscausevirtualmachinememorytoovercommit,whichseverely affectssystemperformance. FormemoryrequirementstosupportWindows7Aerographics,see RecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphicsSupportonpage 24.
Display
16bitor32bitdisplayadapterisrecommended.Fordisplayrequirementstosupport Windows7Aerographics,seeRecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphics Supportonpage 24. 3Dbenchmarks,suchas3DMark06,mightnotrendercorrectlyoratallwhenrunning WindowsVistaorWindows7virtualmachinesonsomegraphicshardware. NOTEUsethelatestgraphicsdriverrecommendedforyourhost.
Recommendations for Windows 7 Aero Graphics Support

TosupportWindows7Aerographics,VMwarerecommendsthefollowing configuration:
CPU

IntelDualCore,2.2GHzandabove AMDAthlon4200+andabove
HostGCPU

nVidiaGeForce8800GTandabove ATIRadeonHD2600andabove
MemoryAtleast3GBofhostsystemmemory,1GBofmemoryallocatedtothe guestoperatingsystem,and256MBgraphicsmemory.
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Disk Drives
Guestoperatingsystemscanresideonphysicaldiskpartitionsorinvirtualdiskfiles.
Hard Disks

IDEandSCSIharddrivesaresupported. VMwarerecommendsatleast1GBfreediskspaceforeachguestoperatingsystem andtheapplicationsoftwareusedwithit.Ifyouuseadefaultsetup,theactualdisk spaceneedsareapproximatelythesameasthoseforinstallingandrunningthe guestoperatingsystemandapplicationsonaphysicalcomputer. 200MB(Linux)or1.5GB(Windows)freediskspaceisrequiredforbasic installation.Deletetheinstallerafterwardstoreclaimdiskspace.
Optical CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drives

IDEandSCSIopticaldrivesaresupported. CDROMandDVDROMdrivesaresupported. ISOdiskimagefilesaresupported.
Floppy Drives
Virtualmachinescanconnecttothehostsdiskdrives.Floppydiskimagefilesarealso supported.
Local Area Networking

YoucanuseanyEthernetcontrollerthatthehostoperatingsystemsupports. NonEthernetnetworksaresupportedbyusingbuiltinnetworkaddress translation(NAT)orusingacombinationofhostonlynetworkingplusrouting softwareonthehostoperatingsystem.
Host Operating System

VMwareWorkstationisavailableforWindowsandLinuxhostoperatingsystems. VMwareACEfeaturesareincludedonlyintheversionofWorkstationthatrunson Windowshosts. Forhostoperatingsystemsupportandknownissues,gototheVMwareWebsite,and clicktheSupport&Downloadstab.UnderSupportResources,clicktheCompatibility Guideslink.
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Virtual Machine Specifications

ThefollowingsectionsdescribethedevicesthatWorkstationvirtualmachinessupport.
Processor

Sameprocessorasthatonhostcomputer. Onevirtualprocessoronahostwithoneormorelogicalprocessors. Uptoeightvirtualprocessors(eightwayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessing,or Virtual SMP)onahostwithatleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowingareconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:

AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs. AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU. Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled.
SeeUseEightWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 366.
Chip Set

Intel440BXbasedmotherboard NS338SIO 82093AAIOAPIC
BIOS
PhoenixBIOS4.0Release6withVESABIOS
Memory
Thetotalamountofmemoryyoucanassigntoallvirtualmachinesrunningonasingle hostislimitedonlybytheamountofRAMonthehost. Themaximumamountofmemoryforeachvirtualmachineon32bithostsis8GBand on64bithostsis32GB.Workstationdoesnotallowpoweringonvirtualmachinesthat areconfiguredtousemorethan8GBofmemoryon32bithosts.Memorymanagement limitationson32bitoperatingsystemscausevirtualmachinememorytoovercommit, whichseverelyaffectssystemperformance.
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Graphics
VGAandSVGAaresupported.
IDE Drives
UptofourdevicesDisks,CDROMorDVDROM(DVDdrivescanbeusedto readdataDVDROMdiscs;DVDvideoisnotsupported). Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. IDEvirtualdisksupto2TB. CDROMcanbeaphysicaldeviceoranISOimagefile.
SCSI Devices

Upto60devices. SCSIvirtualdisksupto2TB. Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. GenericSCSIsupportallowsdevicestobeusedwithoutneedfordriversinthe hostoperatingsystem.Workswithscanners,CDROM,DVDROM,tapedrives andotherSCSIdevices. LSILogicLSI53C10xxUltra320SCSII/Ocontroller. Mylex(BusLogic)BT958compatiblehostbusadapter(requiresaddondriver fromVMwareforWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003).
Floppy Drives

Uptotwo2.88MBfloppydevices. Physicaldrivesorfloppyimagefiles.
Serial (COM) Ports

Uptofourserial(COM)ports. Outputtoserialports,WindowsorLinuxfiles,ornamedpipes.
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Parallel (LPT) Ports

Uptothreebidirectionalparallel(LPT)ports. Outputtoparallelportsorhostoperatingsystemfiles.
USB Ports

USB1.1UHCI(UniversalHostControllerInterface)controller. USB2.0EHCI(EnhancedHostControllerInterface)controller.(Usethevirtual machinesettingseditortoenableUSB2.0support.SeeEnabletheUSB2.0 ControllerforaVirtualMachineonpage 352.) Supportsmostdevices,includingUSBprinters,scanners,PDAs,harddiskdrives, memorycardreaders,anddigitalcameras,aswellasstreamingdevicessuchas webcams,speakers,andmicrophones.
Keyboard
104keyWindows95/98enhanced.
Mouse and Drawing Tablets

PS/2andUSBmouse. Serialtabletssupported. USBtabletssupported.
Ethernet Card

Upto10virtualEthernetcards. AMDPCnetPCIIIcompatible. For64bitguests:IntelPro/1000MTServerAdaptercompatible.
Sound

Soundoutputandinput. EmulatesCreativeLabsSoundBlasterAudioPCI.(DoesnotsupportMIDIinputor gameportcontroller/joysticks.)
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Virtual Networking
Supportfor10virtualEthernetswitchesonMicrosoftWindowshostoperating systems.Supportfor255virtualEthernetswitchesonLinuxhosts.Threeswitches areconfiguredbydefaultforbridged,hostonly,andNATnetworking. SupportformostEthernetbasedprotocols,includingTCP/IP,NetBEUI,Microsoft Networking,Samba,NovellNetWare,andNetworkFileSystem. BuiltinNATsupportsclientsoftwareusingTCP/IP,FTP,DNS,HTTP,andTelnet, includingVPNsupportforPPTPoverNAT.
Supported Guest Operating Systems

VMwareWorkstationsupportsWindows,Linux,andothercommonlyusedguest operatingsystems.Forguestoperatingsystemsupportandknownissues,gotothe VMwareWebsite,andclicktheSupport&Downloadstab.UnderSupportResources, clicktheCompatibilityGuideslink. TheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideprovidesnotesoninstallingthe mostcommonguestoperatingsystems.
Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems

Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyon hostmachinesthathaveoneofthesupported64bitprocessors.Whenyoupowerona virtualmachinewitha64bitguestoperatingsystem,Workstationperformsaninternal check.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported64bitprocessor,youcannotpoweronthe virtualmachine. Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems,running onhostmachineswiththefollowingprocessors:

MostAMD64processors(excepttheearliestrevisionCOpteronprocessors) IntelPentium4andCore2,andCorei7processorswithEM64TandIntel VirtualizationTechnology
VMwarealsoprovidesastandaloneutilitythatyoucanusewithoutWorkstationto performthesamecheckanddeterminewhetheryourCPUissupportedfor Workstationvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems.Downloadthe64bit processorcheckutilityfromthedownloadsareaoftheVMwareWebsite. AvirtualmachinecreatedinWorkstationversion5.5andlaterwitha64bitoperating systemcannotbepoweredonorresumedinWorkstationversions5.0andearlier.
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Installing and Upgrading VMware Workstation
ThischapterdiscusseshowtoinstallWorkstationonyourLinuxorWindowshost. This chaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:

InstallationPrerequisitesonpage 31 SharingaWorkstationHostwithOtherVMwareProductsonpage 32 InstallWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 33 InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 37 PreparingforanUpgradeonpage 40 UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 41 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 44
Installation Prerequisites
InstallingVMwareWorkstationisusuallyasimpleprocessofrunningastandard installationwizard. Beforeyouruntheinstallationprogram,besureyouhavethefollowing:
AcompatiblehostVerifythatthecomputerandhostoperatingsystemmeetthe systemrequirementsforrunningWorkstation.SeeHostSystemRequirements onpage 23. WorkstationinstallationsoftwareIfyouhavethepackageddistributionof Workstation,theinstallationsoftwareisontheinstallationmediainyourpackage. Ifyouhavetheelectronicdistribution,theinstallationsoftwareisinthefileyou downloaded. WorkstationisavailableforWindowsandLinuxhostcomputers.Theinstallation filesforbothhostplatformsareincludedinthepackageddistribution.
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WorkstationorVMwareACElicensekeyYourlicensekeyisontheregistration cardinyourpackage.IfyoupurchasedWorkstationorVMwareACEonline,the licensekeyissentbyemail. YoucanusetheWorkstation7.0andlaterlicensekeyontheWindowsandLinux versions.Youneedonelicenseforeveryhostsystem. TopurchasealicenseontheVMwareWebsite,selecttheEnterLicenseKeyoption undertheHelpmenuandfollowtheinstructionsintheVMwareWorkstation Activationdialogbox.Youcanalsoobtainanevaluationlicenseatnochargefora 30dayevaluationofthesoftware.Ifyouobtainanevaluationlicense,youcanview thestatusofyourlicensefromtheVMwareWorkstationActivationdialogbox.For moreinformation,gototheVMwareWebsite. IfyoudidnotentertheWorkstationlicensekeyatinstallationtime,selecttheEnter LicenseKeyoptionundertheHelpmenu.Ifyouhaveaninvalidlicense,youare promptedtoenteravalidlicensekeyeverytimeyoutrytopoweronavirtual machine.
AguestoperatingsystemAfterWorkstationisinstalled,youneedtheoperating systeminstallationCDs,DVDs,orISOimagefilestosetupaguestinavirtual machine. (Optional)EclipseorMicrosoftVisualStudioToinstalltheIntegratedVirtual DebuggerforEclipseorVisualStudiopluginsincludedwithWorkstation,Eclipse orVisualStudiomustbeinstalledonthehostbeforeyouruntheWorkstation installer.IfyouinstalloneorbothoftheseprogramsafteryouinstallWorkstation, runtheWorkstationinstalleragainandselecttheModifyoptiontoinstallthe pluginsatthattime. FormoreinformationaboutsupportedversionsofVisualStudioandEclipse,see thefollowingguidesontheVMwareWebsite:

IntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipseDevelopersGuide IntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudioDevelopersGuide
Sharing a Workstation Host with Other VMware Products

YoucannothaveVMwareWorkstationinstalledonthesamehostmachinewithanother VMwareproduct,suchasVMwarePlayer,VMwareServer,ortheVMwareVirtual MachineConsole.TheonlyVMwareproductsthatcanshareahostmachinewith WorkstationaretheVMwareVirtualCenterclientsoftwareandVMwareConverter.If youplantoinstallVMwareWorkstationonahostmachinethatalreadycontains anotherVMwareproduct,youmustuninstallthatproductfirst.
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Chapter 2 Installing and Upgrading VMware Workstation
Afteryoucompletetheprerequisitesanddeterminewhichcomputeryouwanttouse forhostingWorkstation,seetheappropriateplatformspecificinstallationtopic.
Install Workstation on a Windows Host

Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavetheitemslistedinInstallationPrerequisiteson page 31.Althoughyoucanenterthelicensekeyafterinstallation,VMware recommendsenteringitatinstallationtime. ThistopicdescribeshowtouseaninstallationwizardtoinstallWorkstation.Toinstead usethecommandlineinterfacetoperformasilentinstallationonmanycomputers,see InstallWorkstationSilentlyonpage 35. To install Workstation on a Windows host 1 LogintoyourMicrosoftWindowshostastheAdministratoruserorasauserwho isamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup. Loginaslocaladministrator(thatis,donotlogintothedomain,unlessyour domainaccountisalsoalocaladministrator). AlthoughanadministratormustinstallWorkstation,auserwithout administrativeprivilegescanruntheprogramafteritisinstalled. 2 FromtheStartmenu,chooseRunandspecifythepathtoeithertheCD/DVDdrive orthedownloadedinstallerfile:
Ifyouareinstallingfromtheinstallationmedia,enterD:\setup.exe,where D:isthedriveletterforyourCD/DVDdrive. Ifyouareinstallingfromadownloadedfile,browsetothedirectorywhere yousavedthedownloadedinstallerfile,andruntheinstaller. ThefilenameissimilartoVMware-workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.exe,where <xxxx-xxxx>isaseriesofnumbersrepresentingtheversionandbuild numbers.
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7,whentheUserAccountControldialogbox promptsyouforpermissiontoruntheinstaller,clickContinue. IfyouhaveanearlierversionofWorkstationinstalledonyoursystem,theinstaller removesthatversionbeforeinstallingthenewversion.Aftertheuninstallationis complete,youmightbepromptedtorestartyourcomputerbeforetheinstallercan installthenewversion.
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3 4
Whenthewizardopensandfinishescomputingspacerequirements,clickNext. OntheSetupTypepage,selectTypicalunlessyoudonotwanttoinstallthe applicableWorkstationIDEplugins,orifyouhaveEclipseorVisualStudio installedinanonstandardlocation. IfyouhaveVisualStudioorEclipseinstalled,theinstallerinstallsanintegrated virtualdebugger.Ifyoudonotwantaplugininstalled,selecttheCustomsetup, andselectnottoinstallthatcomponent. IfyouselectCustom,youcanusetheSpacebuttontofindouthowmuchdisk spaceisrequiredforeachcomponentoftheinstallation.ClickHelpfora descriptionofwhateachtypeoficoninthelistmeans.
(Optional)OntheDestinationFolderpage(fortypicalsetups)ortheCustomSetup page(forcustomsetups),ifyoudonotwantWorkstationinstalledinthedirectory thatisshown,clickChangeandspecifyadifferentdirectory. Ifyouspecifyadirectorythatdoesnotexist,theinstallercreatesitforyou. You cannotinstallWorkstationonanetworkdrive.
(Optional)SelectordeselectCheckforproductupdatesatstartuptoallow WorkstationtocheckforproductupdateswhenyoustartWorkstation. ProductupdatesincludenewreleasesofWorkstation. ClickLearnMoretoreviewdetailsoftheinformationcollectedtoprovide softwareproductupdates.
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(Optional)Tochangeproductupdatessettings,selectEdit>Preferences>Updates tab. (Optional)ConfirmwhetherVMwarecancollectanonymoussystemdataand usagestatisticsforproductimprovement. Thedatacollectionprocessdoesnotaffecttheperformanceofyourcomputer. ClickLearnMoretoreviewdetailsoftheinformationthatVMwarecollects.
(Optional)TochangeUserexperienceimprovementprogramsettings,selectEdit >Preferences>Feedbacktab.
10 Followthewizardpromptstocompletetheinstallation. Someinstallationsmightrequirethatyourebootyourcomputer.Whenyourestart,you donotneedtologinasauserwithAdministratorprivileges.
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Install Workstation Silently

IfyouareinstallingWorkstationonseveralWindowshostcomputersanddonotwant torespondtowizardprompts,youcanusethesilentinstallationfeatureofthe MicrosoftWindowsInstaller(MSI).Thisfeatureisconvenient,forexample,inalarge enterprise. Beforeyoubegin,ensurethatthehostcomputerhasversion2.0orhigheroftheMSI runtimeengine.ThisversionoftheinstallerisavailableinversionsofWindows beginningwithWindowsXPandisavailableseparatelyfromMicrosoft.Foradditional detailsonusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,seetheMicrosoftWebsite. To install Workstation silently 1 Openacommandpromptandenterthefollowingcommandtosilentlyextractthe administrativeinstallationimagefromtheVMwareWorkstationinstaller:
setup.exe /s /e <install_temp_path>
setup.exeisthenameoftheinstallerontheinstallationmedia.Ifyouareusinga downloadedinstaller,thefilenameissimilarto VMwareWorkstation-<xxxx>.exe,where<xxxx>isaseriesofnumbers representingtheversionandbuildnumbers. <install_temp_path>isthefullpathtothefolderwhereyouwanttostorethe administrativeinstallationimage. 2 Enterthefollowingcommandononelinetorunasilentinstallationusingmsiexec andtheadministrativeinstallationimageyouextractedinthepreviousstep:

msiexec -i "<install_temp_path>\VMware Workstation.msi" [INSTALLDIR="<path_to_program_directory>"] ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<feature_name,feature_name>] /qn
ToinstallWorkstationinalocationotherthanthedefault,changethepaththat followsINSTALLDIR=tospecifythelocation.
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UsetheoptionalREMOVE=<property>toskipinstallationofcertainfeatures. The REMOVE=<property>settingcantakeoneormoreofthevalueslistedin Table 21. Table 2-1. Values for the REMOVE Property
Value Authd Network Description VMwareauthorizationservice,whichisusedtoperformtaskswhenyouare notrunningWorkstationasanAdministratoruser. Networkingcomponents,includingthevirtualbridgeandthehostadapters forhostonlynetworkingandNATnetworking.Donotremovethis componentifyouwanttouseNATorDHCP. VirtualDHCPserver. VirtualNATdevice.
DHCP NAT
Ifyouspecifymorethanonevalue,useacommatoseparatethevalues. For example,REMOVE=Authd,NAT. IfyouspecifyREMOVE=Network,theinstallerskipsinstallationofcertain networkingcomponents,includingNATandDHCP.Youdonotneedtospecify DHCPorNATseparately. Youcancustomizetheinstallationfurtherbyusingtheformat <property>="<value>"toaddanyoftheinstallationpropertieslistedin Table 22tothecommand.Avalueof1meanstrue.Avalueof0meansfalse.Ifyou usethelicensekeyproperty,enterthelicensekeywithhyphens (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx).
Table 2-2. Property Values

Property DESKTOP_SHORTCUT DISABLE_AUTORUN REMOVE_LICENSE SERIALNUMBER Effect of the Property Installsashortcutonthedesktop. DisablesCDAutorunonthehost. (Uninstallonly)Removesallstoredlicensesat uninstall. Entersthelicensekey. Default Value 1 1 0
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Uninstall Workstation from a Windows Host

UsetheWindowsControlPaneltouninstallWorkstation.Virtualmachinesarenot removed,virtualnetworksettingsareremoved,andWorkstationlicensesand preferencesettingsmightbeuninstalled. To uninstall Workstation from a Windows host Dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindows7hosts,gotoStart>ControlPanel>Programs>Uninstalla programanduninstallVMwareWorkstation. OnWindowsVistahosts,gotoStart>ControlPanel>Programs and Features> UninstallaprogramanduninstallVMwareWorkstation. OnotherWindowshosts,usetheAdd/RemoveProgramsiteminthecontrolpanel andremoveVMwareWorkstation.
Install Workstation on a Linux Host

Beforeyoubegin,readthefollowingnotesandmakeadjustmentstoyourhostsystem:

MakesureyouhavetheitemslistedinInstallationPrerequisitesonpage 31. TherealtimeclockfunctionmustbecompiledintoyourLinuxkernel. WorkstationforLinuxrequiresthattheparallelportPCstylehardwareoption (CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernelmodule(thatis,itmust besettomwhenthekerneliscompiled). TousetheWorkstationHelpsystem,youmusthaveaWebbrowserinstalledon thehostcomputer.
Theinstallationtopicdescribesaninstallationfromtheinstallationmediaincludedin theWorkstationmediakit.Ifyoudownloadedthesoftware,thestepsarethesame exceptthatyoustartfromthedirectorywhereyousavedthedownloadedinstallerfile, notfromtheLinuxdirectoryontheinstallationmedia. ThebundleinstallerletsyouinstallWorkstationinonestepusingtheGUIbased installer.Youcanalsoruntheinstallerwiththe--consoleoptioninyourterminal. NOTEOnRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1hostsandpossiblysomeotherLinux distributions,thebundlebasedinstallerlaunchesacommandlinewizardratherthan aGUIwizard.
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VMware-Workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.<architecture>.bundleisthenameofthe installerfile.Inthename,<xxxx-xxxx>isaseriesofnumbersthatrepresenttheversion andbuildnumbers,and<architecture>isi386orx86_64. To install Workstation on a Linux host 1 2 LogintoyourLinuxhostwiththeusernameyouplantousewhenrunning Workstation. Inaterminalwindow,becomeroottoperformtheinitialinstallationsteps: suorsudo ThecommandyouusedependsonyourLinuxdistributionandconfiguration. 3 4 Ifyouareinstallingfromtheinstallationmediainsteadofadownloadedfile, mounttheWorkstationinstallationmedia. Changedirectoriestothedirectorywheretheinstallerfileislocatedandrunthe followingcommand:
sh VMware-Workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.<architecture>.bundle
IfyouareusingtheWorkstationinstallationmedia,thisfileisintheLinux directory. 5 6 AccepttheVIXEULAtocontinue. (Optional)Ifyouareusingthe--consoleoptionorrunningahostthatdoesnot supporttheGUIinstallationdooneofthefollowing:
ToscrollthroughtheVIXEULA,pressspacebarandattheendofEULAthe Doyouagree?[yes/no]promptappears. ToexittheVIXEULA,pressq.TheDoyouagree?[yes/no]promptappears.
(Optional)SelecteitherYesorNotoallowWorkstationtocheckforproduct updateswhenyoustartWorkstation. ProductupdatesincludenewreleasesofWorkstation. ClickLearnMoretoreviewdetailsoftheinformationcollectedtoprovideproduct updates.
(Optional)Tochangeproductupdatessettings,selectEdit>Preferences>Updates tab.
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(Optional)ConfirmwhetherVMwarecancollectanonymoussystemdataand usagestatisticsforproductimprovement. Thedatacollectionprocessdoesnotaffecttheperformanceofyourcomputer. ClickLearnMoretoreviewdetailsoftheinformationthatVMwarecollects.
10 11 12 13
(Optional)TochangeUserexperienceimprovementprogramsettings,selectEdit >Preferences>Feedbacktab. (Optional)EnterthedirectorypathtotheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipse ifEclipseisinstalled. SelecteitherYesorNotoconfirmwhetheryouwanttoinstalltheEclipseC/C++ debuggingplugin. OnsomeLinuxdistributions,iftheinstallerdetectsinsufficientfiledescriptorsyou canupdatethehardlimitforopenfilesontheinstallerpage. Ifthehardlimitforopenfilesis1024orless,thevirtualmachinemayfailifalarge numberofsnapshotsareused.
14 ClickInstall. SeeStartWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 48.
Using Command-Line Installation Options

YoucanalsousecommandlineinstallationoptionstoinstallWorkstationonaLinux host.Tousetheoptions,youmustbeloggedinasroot.Afterfinishingtheinstallation process,exitfromtherootaccount. Thecommoncommandlineinstallationoptionsarethefollowing:

--gtkOpenstheGUIbasedVMwareinstaller,whichisthedefaultoption. --consoleAllowsyoutousetheterminalforinstallation. --customShowsalltheinstallationquestions.Youcancustomizetheinstallation directories,setorresettheEclipsedirectoriesandhardlimitforthenumberof openfiledescriptors. --regularShowsinstallationquestionsthathavenotbeenansweredbeforeor arerequired.Thisisthedefaultoption. --requiredShowsonlytheEULA,thenproceedstoinstallWorkstation. --ignore-errors or -IAllowstheinstallationtocontinueevenifthereisan errorinoneoftheinstallerscripts.However,thesectionthathasanerrordoesnot complete,sothecomponentmaynotbeproperlyconfigured.
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Uninstall Workstation from a Linux Host

WhenyouuninstallWorkstation7.x,productlicenses,preferencesettings,andvirtual machinesarenotremoved.Aconfirmationdialogboxappearstocheckwhetherto removeorpreserveyourconfigurations. To uninstall Workstation from a Linux host
Ifyouusedthebundleinstaller,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-installer -u vmware-workstation
SelecteitherYesorNotoconfirmwhetheryouwanttopreserveorremoveyour configurationfiles.
IfyouusedtheRPMinstallertoinstallWorkstation4,5.x,and6.x,enterthe followingcommands:
rpm -qa | grep VM
TheVMwareWorkstationproductinstallernameappears. rpm -e <VMware_Workstation_ product_ installer_name>
Preparing for an Upgrade

WhenyouinstallanewversionofWorkstation,thepreviousversionisuninstalledbut thepreferencesyouset,licensefiles,andvirtualmachinesarenotremoved.Virtual machinescreatedwithanearlierversionofWorkstationarenotdeleted,however VMwarerecommendsthatyoumakebackupcopiesinpreparationfortheupgrade. VMwarerecommendsthatyoucompletethefollowingtasksbeforeupgrading:
MakesureallvirtualmachinesareWorkstation4,5.x,or6.xvirtualmachines. DirectupgradesfromaWorkstation2or3virtualmachinearenotsupportedin Workstation6.xand7.x. IfavirtualmachinewascreatedwithaversionofWorkstationearlierthan Workstation5.5andithasasnapshot,deletethesnapshotbeforeupgrading. See DeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 212. ForupgradesfromWorkstation4,5.x,or6.x,ifyoubridged(mapped)virtual networkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters,writedownthesettingsyouused. AlthoughWorkstation7.xgenerallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservebridgesettingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.xor6.x.
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Ifanyvirtualmachinesaresuspended,resumethem,shutdowntheguest operatingsystems,andpowerthemoff. Ifanyvirtualmachinesarerunninginthebackground,starttheminWorkstation andpowerthemoff.SeeStartaVirtualMachineThatIsRunninginthe Backgroundonpage 147. Backupthevirtualmachinesbymakingbackupcopiesofallthefilesinthevirtual machinedirectories. Thisincludes.vmdkor.dskfiles,.vmxor.cfgfiles,and.nvram files.Depending onyourupgradepath,youmightnotbeabletorunyourvirtualmachinesunder bothWorkstation7.xandyourpreviousversionofWorkstation.
Poweroffallrunningvirtualmachines.
YoucannowuseoneofthefollowingplatformspecifictaskstoinstallWorkstation:

UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 41 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 44
Upgrade Workstation on a Windows Host

YoucanupgradefromWorkstationversion4,5.xor6.xtoWorkstation7.xbyrunning theVMwareWorkstation7.xinstallationprogram. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhaveaWorkstation7.xlicensekey.Alsoperform thetasksdescribedinPreparingforanUpgradeonpage 40. ToupgradeWorkstationandupgradethehostoperatingsystemtoWindowsVistaand Windows7,seeUpgradingtoaWindowsVistaandWindows7Hostonpage 42. To upgrade Workstation on a Windows host 1 2 LogintoyourMicrosoftWindowshostastheAdministratoruserorasauserwho isamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup. LaunchtheWorkstation7.xinstallerfromyourdownloaddirectoryorCD/DVD drive. Workstationautomaticallyuninstallsthepreviousversionbutsavesallthe networksettingsexceptforbridgedsettingsusedtomapindividualvirtual networkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters.
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Rebootyourcomputerifyouarepromptedtodoso,andloginagainasthe AdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindowsAdministrators group. Followtheinstallationwizardpromptstocompletetheinstallation. Rebootyourcomputerifyouarepromptedtodoso. Youcannowloginasyounormallydo.Youdonotneedtologinasan AdministratornowthatWorkstationisinstalled.
4 5
Ifyouusedbridgedsettingstomapvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtual adapters,recreatethemappings. AlthoughWorkstation7.xgenerallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservemappingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.xor6.x.
TouseWorkstation7.xtoupgradevirtualmachines,seeChangetheVersionofa VirtualMachineonpage 90.
Upgrading to a Windows Vista and Windows 7 Host

Thistopicprovidesinstructionsforvariousupgradescenariosthatinvolve Windows VistaandWindows7. DuringtheupgradefromWindowsXPtoWindowsVistaorWindows7,thelocation ofvirtualmachinesmightchange.TheWindowsVistaandWindows7upgradeusethe registrytomapthevirtualmachinestoanewlocationbyusingthefollowingpaths:
OnWindowsXP,thedefaultvirtualmachinelocationbeforetheupgradeis: C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines. OnWindowsVistaandWindows7,thedefaultvirtualmachinelocationafterthe upgradeis:C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>.
Aftertheupgradeiscomplete,iftheFavoriteslistinWorkstationdoesnotwork correctly,youcanremovethevirtualmachinesfromitandaddthemagain.
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Upgrade Workstation 5.x on Windows XP to Workstation 7.x on Windows Vista or Windows 7

Aspartoftheupgrade,youmustuninstalltheWorkstation5.xapplication,however theWorkstation5.xvirtualmachinesarenotdeleted. To upgrade Workstation 5.x on Windows XP to Workstation 7.x on Windows Vista or Windows 7 1 2 3 4 OntheWindowsXPhost,usetheControlPanelsAdd/RemoveProgramsitemto uninstallWorkstation5.x. UpgradetheoperatingsystemtoWindowsVistaorWindows7,asdescribedinthe Microsoftdocumentation. InstallWorkstation7.x. (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation7.x. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 90.
Upgrade Workstation 5.x on Windows Vista to Workstation 7.x on Windows Vista

BecauseWorkstation5.xwasonlyexperimentallysupportedonWindowsVista, VMwarerecommendsmanuallyuninstallingWorkstation5.xbeforeinstalling Workstation7.x. Aspartoftheupgrade,youmustuninstalltheWorkstation5.xapplication,however theWorkstation5.xvirtualmachinesarenotdeleted. To upgrade Workstation 5.x on Windows Vista to Workstation 7.x on Windows Vista 1 2 3 GotoStart>ControlPanel>Programs>Programs and Features>Uninstalla program. SelectVMwareWorkstationandclickUninstall. InstallWorkstation7.x. SeeInstallWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 33. 4 (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation7.x. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 90.
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Upgrade Workstation 6.x on Windows XP to Workstation 7.x on Windows Vista or Windows 7

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatyouhaveWindowsXPwithServicePack2. To upgrade Workstation 6.x from Windows XP to Workstation 7.x on Windows Vista or Windows 7 1 2 3 4 5 LoginastheAdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindows Administratorsgroup. MakesurethatWorkstationisnotrunningandthatnovirtualmachinesare runninginthebackground. UpgradethehostoperatingsystemtoWindowsVistaandWindows7,as describedintheMicrosoftdocumentation. RuntheWorkstation7.xinstaller. (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation7.x. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 90.
Upgrade Workstation on a Linux Host

YoucanupgradefromWorkstationversion4,5.xor6.xtoversion7.xbyrunningthe VMwareWorkstation7.xinstallationprogram. Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowing:
MakesurethatyouhaveaWorkstation7.xlicensekey.Youarepromptedtoenter the licensekeyafterinstallationiscomplete,thefirsttimeyoupoweronavirtual machine.AlsoperformthetasksdescribedinPreparingforanUpgradeon page 40. IfyourpreviousinstallationwasfromanRPMinstallerandyouwanttoinstall Workstation7.x,manuallyuninstallthepreviousversionofWorkstation.To manuallyuninstallWorkstation,seeUninstallWorkstationfromaLinuxHoston page 40.
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IfyoucurrentlyhaveWorkstation4,5.x,or6.xinstalledonyoursystem,theolder versionwillbeuninstalledautomaticallybeforethelatestversionofWorkstationis installed.Workstation7.xsavesnetworksettingsexceptforbridgedsettingsusedto mapindividualvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtualadapters. NOTEStartingwithWorkstation5.x,Sambaisnolongerautomaticallyconfigured duringinstallation. To upgrade Workstation on a Linux host 1 2 RuntheWorkstationbundleinstallerasyouwouldforanewinstallation. Ifyouusedbridgedsettingstomapvirtualnetworkstospecificphysicalorvirtual adapters,recreatethemappings. AlthoughWorkstation7.xgenerallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservemappingscreatedwithWorkstation4,5.xor6.x. 3 (Optional)Toupgradethevirtualmachines,usetheChangeVersionwizardin Workstation7.x. SeeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 90.
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Learning Workstation Basics
ThischapterdiscusseslaunchingtheWorkstationprogramandintroducestheVMware Workstationwindow.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

StartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 47 StartWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 48 OverviewoftheWorkstationWindowonpage 48 CheckforProductUpdatesonpage 59 QuicklyCreateaVirtualMachineandInstallanOperatingSystemonpage 60 IntroductiontoWorkstationPreferencesonpage 61 IntroductiontoVirtualMachineSettingsonpage 63 ClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 66 KeyboardShortcutsonpage 67 GatheringInformationforVMwareTechnicalSupportonpage 69
Start Workstation on a Windows Host

Dependingontheoptionsyouselectedduringinstallation,youmighthaveadesktop shortcut,aStartmenuitem,aquicklaunchshortcut,orsomecombinationofthesefor launchingWorkstation. To start Workstation on a Windows host 1 2 FromtheStartmenu,chooseStart>Programs>VMware>VMwareWorkstation. IfthisisthefirsttimeyouarelaunchingWorkstation,readandaccepttheenduser licenseagreement(EULA).
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Start Workstation on a Linux Host

WhetheryoucanstartWorkstationfromaLinuxuserinterfacedependsontheLinux distribution.Forexample,onRedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1,theVMwareWorkstation menuitemisintheApplications>SystemToolsmenu. YoucanalwaysstartWorkstationfromthecommandline.Althoughyoumustbecome roottoinstallWorkstation,youdonothavetoberoottostartandrunWorkstation. To start Workstation on a Linux host 1 2 Openaterminalwindow. Dooneofthefollowing:
If/usr/binisinyourdefaultpath,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware &
If/usr/binisnotinyourdefaultpath,enterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware &
Readandaccepttheenduserlicenseagreement(EULA).
Overview of the Workstation Window

AWorkstationvirtualmachineislikeaseparatecomputerthatrunsinawindowon yourphysicalcomputer.However,Workstationdisplaysmorethanthescreenof anothercomputer.FromtheWorkstationwindow,youcanaccessandrunvirtual machinesandteamsofvirtualmachines.Youcanalsoswitcheasilyfromonevirtual machinetoanother.
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Chapter 3 Learning Workstation Basics
Figure 3-1. VMware Workstation Window

menus toolbar tabs
,
sidebar
home page, summary, or console view
status bar
message log
TheVMwareWorkstationwindowcontainsthefollowingsections:
Homepage,summary,console,orapplianceviewMainpartofthewindowthat showsthevirtualmachines. TabsEachopenvirtualmachinehasatab.Clickatabtomakethatvirtual machineactive.ClicktheClosebuttontoclosethetab.Dependingonhowyou configureWorkstation,thevirtualmachineistheneitherpoweredofforcontinues toruninthebackground. SidebarBookmarkyourfavoritevirtualmachinesandteamsofvirtualmachines forquickaccess.Youcanalsoseewhichvirtualmachinesarepoweredon. Rightclickcontextmenusenableyoutoperformmanyoperationsonaselected virtualmachine.AnadditionalsectionofthesidebardisplaysACEManagement Servers. StatusbarDisplaysWorkstationmessagesandaniconforeachremovable device.Youcanclickorrightclickanicontodisconnectitoredititsconfiguration. MessagelogAnoteiconindicateswhetheranyunreadmessagesarepresentin themessagelogfortheselectedvirtualmachine.Iftheiconisdimmed,all messageswereread.Toopenthemessagelog,rightclicktheiconandchoose OpenMessageLog.Alternatively,fromthemenubar,chooseVM>MessageLog. Messagesincludewarninginformationaboutthevirtualmachine,suchasCould not connect to the floppy drive.orNo bootable device was detected. Selectaniteminthemessagelogtoseeadetaileddescriptionofthemessage.
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Home Page and Views

Workstationdisplaysoneoffourviewsinthemainpartofthewindow:thehomepage, thesummaryview,theconsoleview,ortheapplianceview.
Home Page
ClicktheHometabtodisplaytheWorkstationhomepage.Usetheiconsonthehome pagetostartcreatinganewvirtualmachineoropenanexistingvirtualmachine. Toclosethehomepage,clicktheXtotherightofthetabsonaWindowshostortheX onthetabonaLinuxhost.Todisplaythehomepageagain,chooseView>GotoHome Tab.
Summary View
Whenyouselectatabforapoweredoffvirtualmachineorteamofmachines, Workstationdisplaysonlyasummaryoftheconfigurationinformationaboutthatitem. Workstationalsodisplaysasummaryforasuspendedvirtualmachineorteam.Click theSummarybuttoninthetoolbaratanytimetoexaminesettingsinthesummary view. Summaryviewsappearonlyforvirtualmachinesthatarecurrentlyopen.SeeStarting aVirtualMachineonpage 146.Thesummaryorconsoleviewremainsvisibleaslong asthevirtualmachineremainsopen. Figure 32showsanexampleofthesummaryview.
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Figure 3-2. Summary View for a Virtual Machine on a Windows Host

Summary View button
TheCommandssectiongivesyouaccesstothemostoftenusedcommandsfromthe VMmenu.OnWindowshosts,forACEenabledvirtualmachines,thisincludes commandsforcreatingsecuritypoliciesandvirtualmachinepackagestodeploytoend users,aswellasacommandforpreviewingtheACEenabledvirtualmachinein VMwarePlayer. ThesectionthatincludestheDevices,Options,and(sometimes)ACEandPackages tabsenablesyoutoreviewconfigurationsettingsquickly.Doubleclickanitemonthe tabtodisplaytheitemsconfigurationpanelandchangeasetting.
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Console View
Theconsoleviewforanactivevirtualmachineislikethemonitordisplayofaphysical computer. Figure 3-3. Console View on a Windows Host
Console View button
Whenavirtualmachineisactive,thenameofthevirtualmachineorteamof virtual machinesappearsinatabatthetopoftheconsole.Toswitchfromtheactive virtualmachineorteam,clickthetabofanothervirtualmachineorteam.Youcanuse theconsoletabsinthewindowmodeandalsointhequickswitchmode.
Appliance View
Ifyousetupthevirtualmachinetoactasanappliance,suchasaWebserverwitha browserbasedconsole,youcanspecifythatthedefaultviewisanapplianceview. The applianceviewgivesabriefdescriptionofthetypeofserverorappliance.Italso providesalinkthatopensthebrowseronthehostsystemandconnectstothe appliancesmanagementconsole. Theapplianceviewisavailableonlyforvirtualmachinesthatyoudesignateas appliances.SeeConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 181.
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Displaying Multiple Virtual Machines at the Same Time

Tosimultaneouslyviewmorethanonevirtualmachinewhentheyarenotallonthe sameteam,openmultipleWorkstationwindowsandlaunchoneormorevirtual machinesineachWorkstationwindow. Useateamofvirtualmachinestocoordinateandusemultiplevirtualmachineswithin asingleconsolewindow.SeeSummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheir VirtualMachinesonpage 276.
Toolbar Buttons
ThetoolbarareaatthetopoftheVMwareWorkstationwindowcontainsbuttonsto powervirtualmachinesonandoff,changetheWorkstationdisplay,managesnapshots, andrecordvirtualmachineactivity. Figure 3-4. Workstation Toolbars
Power toolbar
Snapshot toolbar
Replay toolbar
View toolbar
Figure 3-5. ACE Toolbar (Windows Hosts Only)
ACE toolbar
Ifyoupointtoatoolbarbutton,atooltipappearsanddisplaysthenameofthebutton. Tochangewhichbuttonsappear,seeCustomizetheToolbaronaWindowsHoston page 56andCustomizetheToolbaronaLinuxHostonpage 55. ThePowertoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
PowerOffTurnsofftheactivevirtualmachineorteamlikethepowerbuttonon aphysicalPC.YoucanconfigureWorkstationforasoftpoweroff(calledshut down)orahardpoweroff(calledpoweroff).SeeShutDownaVirtualMachine onpage 149orPowerOfforCloseaTeamonpage 274. SuspendStopsavirtualmachineorteaminamannerthatallowsyoutoresume yourworklater.SeeUsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 201.
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PowerOnorResumePowersonaselectedvirtualmachineorteamthatis poweredoff,orresumesavirtualmachineorteamthatissuspended.SeeStarting aVirtualMachineonpage 146,PowerOnaTeamonpage 279,andUsingthe SuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 201. ResetResetsavirtualmachineorteamliketheresetbuttononaphysicalPC. See ConfigurePowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 150.
TheSnapshottoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
TakeSnapshotEnablesyoutosavethestateofavirtualmachineinthesame manneryoumightsaveawordprocessingdocument.Youcanreturntothatstate ifyoumakeamistakebyusingtheRevertbutton.SeeUsingSnapshotson page 203. RevertAllowsyoutoreturnavirtualmachinetotheparentstate,astate previouslypreservedbytakingasnapshot.SeeUsingSnapshotsonpage 203. ManageSnapshotsOpensthesnapshotmanager,whereyoucanviewthevirtual machinesexistingsnapshots,reverttoasnapshot,takeanewsnapshot,andmake aclonefromasnapshot.SeeSnapshotManagerOverviewonpage 208.
TheViewtoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:
ShoworHideSidebarTogglesbetweenshowingandhidingthesidebar. See ViewtheSidebaronpage 56. QuickSwitchEnlargestheWorkstationconsoletocovertheentirehostmonitor. Consoletabsenableyoutoswitchbetweenvirtualmachinesandteamswitha singleclick.SeeUseQuickSwitchModeonpage 164. FullScreenEnlargesthevirtualmachinedisplaytocovertheentirehostmonitor. Thevirtualmachinenolongerappearsinawindow.SeeUseFullScreenMode onpage 161. UnityIntegratesyourfavoriteguestapplicationswithyourhostsdesktopsothat guestapplicationwindowslookjustlikehostapplicationwindows,butwith colorcodedborders.SeeUsingUnityModeonpage 157. SummaryViewDisplaysthesummaryview.SeeSummaryViewonpage 50. ApplianceViewDisplaystheapplianceview.SeeApplianceViewonpage 52. ConsoleViewDisplaystheconsoleview.SeeConsoleViewonpage 52.
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TheReplaytoolbarcontainsthefollowingbuttons:

ReplayLastRecordingPlaysthelastrecordingmadeforthisvirtualmachine. RecordBeginsrecordingtheactivityofthisvirtualmachine. Forinformationabouttherecord/replayfeature,seeChapter 12,Recordingand ReplayingVirtualMachineActivity,onpage 257.
TheACEtoolbar,whichisavailableonWindowshostsonly,containsthefollowing buttons:

EditPoliciesOpensthepolicyeditor. EditDeploymentSettingsOpensthedeploymentsettingseditor. CreateNewPackageOpenstheNewPackagewizard. CreatePocketACEPackageOpensthePocketACEPackagewizard. PreviewinPlayerAllowsyoutorunanACEinstanceasitwillrunontheusers machine.Usingpreviewmodealsoallowsyoutoviewtheeffectsofchanged policiesastheywillappearontheusersmachine.
SeeChapter 18,LearningtheBasicsofVMwareACE,onpage 381.
Customize the Toolbar on a Linux Host

YoucancustomizetheWorkstationtoolbarbyadding,removing,andrearranging toolbarbuttons.OnaLinuxhost,allthebuttonsarecontainedinasingletoolbar. To customize the toolbar on a Linux host 1 2 RightclickthefarrightsideofthetoolbartodisplayaToolbarmenu. ClickPower,Snapshot,View,orReplaytoaddorremovethattoolbar. Whenatoolbarnameischecked,thecorrespondingbuttonsappearinthe interface. 3 IntheDesktopStylepartofthemenu,choosethedisplaystylefortoolbarbuttons.
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Customize the Toolbar on a Windows Host

YoucancustomizetheWorkstationtoolbarbyadding,removing,andrearranging toolbarbuttons. To customize the toolbar on a Windows host 1 2 RightclickanypartofthetoolbartodisplayaToolbarmenu. ClickPower,Snapshot,ACE,View,orReplaytoaddorremovethattoolbar. Whenatoolbarischecked,itappearsintheinterface. Tochangewhichbuttonsappearinatoolbarortheorderinwhichtheyappear, displaythattoolbarandcontinuewiththefollowingsteps. 3 RightclickthePower,Snapshot,ACE,View,orReplaytoolbartoopenthe CustomizeToolbardialogbox. ButtonslistedunderCurrentToolbarButtonsappearinthetoolbar,intheorder shownintheCustomizeToolbarsdialogbox. 4 Doanyofthefollowing:
Toaddorremoveabuttonfromthetoolbar,selectthebuttonandclickAddor Remove.Addaseparatortodisplayaverticallinebetweenthebuttons. Tochangetheorderofthebuttons,selectanybuttonunderCurrentToolbar ButtonsandclickMoveUporMoveDown. Tochangetheorderofthecurrentlydisplayedbuttonswithoutopeningthe CustomizeToolbarwindow,holddowntheShiftkeywhileyoudragabutton toadifferentlocationinthetoolbar. Torestorethedefaultsetup,withallbuttonsdisplayed,clickReset.
ClickClose.
View the Sidebar

Thesidebarcontainsalistoffavoritesandshowswhichvirtualmachinesorteamsof virtualmachinesarecurrentlypoweredon.OnWindowshosts,anadditionalsection ofthesidebardisplaysACEManagementServers.Formoreinformation,seethe VMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsManual. To view the Sidebar ChooseView>Sidebar. Ifthesidebarwashidden,itbecomesvisible.Ifitwasvisible,itishidden.
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Favorites List in the Sidebar

TheFavoriteslistletsyouorganizeandaccessfrequentlyuseditems. TheFavoriteslistprovidesthefollowingbenefits:
FastaccessQuicklyaccessfrequentlyuseditems.Withyourvirtualmachines andteamsontheFavoriteslist,youcanopenthemwithoutbrowsingthehostfile system.Alsolikebrowserbookmarks,Favoriteslisticonscanbeorganizedin folders,added,rearranged,ordeleted. StatusDifferenticonsindicatethestatusofvirtualmachinesandteams.A Favoriteslisticonindicateswhethertheteamorvirtualmachineispoweredoff, poweredon,orsuspended.Abrown(ratherthanblue)virtualmachineicon indicatesthatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation4virtualmachine. Table 3-1. Icon Status in the Favorites List
Icon Description PoweredoffWorkstation5.x,6.x,or7.xvirtualmachineorfullclone.To determinetheexactversion,usethesummaryviewsVersionfield. Poweredoffvirtualmachinecreatedasalinkedcloneofanothervirtual machine. Poweredoffteamofvirtualmachines. PoweredoffWorkstation4virtualmachine. Poweredonindicatorcanappearforvirtualmachinesandteams. Suspendedindicatorcanappearforvirtualmachinesandteams.
Unavailableindicatorcanappearifavirtualmachineorteamgetscorrupted ormovedfromthelocationthatwasusedtocreatethefavoritesitem.The indicatoralsoappearsifthevirtualmachineisalreadyopeninVMware Playerorisopenedbyanotheruser.
RightclickcommandsRightclickonaFavoritesicontodisplayamenuof commandsyoucanuseforthatvirtualmachineorteam.Youcanclickelsewhere intheFavoriteslist(thatis,notonavirtualmachineorteam)todisplayacontext menufromwhichyoucanchoosetocreateanewvirtualmachine,team,orfolder. Youcanalsoopenanexistingvirtualmachine,team,MicrosoftVirtualPCor VirtualServervirtualmachine,StorageCraft,orSymantecBackupExecSystem Recoverysystemimage.
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Use Folders for Organizing Favorites

Youcanorganizefavoritesintofoldersandnestfoldersinsideotherfolders. To use folders for organizing favorites 1 2 3 4 5 RightclickFavorites(oranyitemintheFavoriteslist),andchooseNewFolder. CompletetheNewFolderdialogboxthatappears. (Optional)Draganddropfolderstoplaceoneinsideanother. DraganddropFavoritesitemsinthedesiredfolder. (Optional)TohideorviewtheFavoriteslist,chooseView>Sidebar.
Add Virtual Machines and Teams to the Favorites List

VirtualmachinesandteamsareautomaticallyaddedtotheFavoriteslistwhenyou completetheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Youcanalsoaddthemmanually. To add virtual machines and teams to the Favorites list 1 2 3 ChooseFile>Openandbrowsetothelocationofthevirtualmachine(.vmx file) orteam(.vmtm file). ClickOpen. ChooseFile>AddtoFavorites.
Remove an Item from the Favorites List

YoucanremovethenameofavirtualmachineorteamfromtheFavoriteslist regardlessofwhetherthevirtualmachineorteamisopenorpoweredon.Removing thenamedoesnotaffectthevirtualmachinesfilesoroperation. To remove an item from the Favorites list 1 2 ClickanameintheFavoriteslisttoselectit. ChooseFile>RemovefromFavorites.
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Rename an Item in the Favorites List

RenaminganitemintheFavoriteslistalsorenamesthevirtualmachineorteam. To rename a Favorite list entry for a virtual machine or a team 1 2 3 RightclicktheFavoritesitemtorename. ChooseRenamefromthecontextmenu. TypethenewnamefortheitemandpressEnter.
Powered On List
Thislistinthesidebarenablesyoutofindoutwhichvirtualmachinesorteamsare currentlypoweredon.RightclickitemsinthePoweredOnlisttodisplayamenuof commandsyoucanuseforthatvirtualmachineorteam.
Check for Product Updates

Workstationautomaticallychecksforproductupdateseverythreedays.Ifanupdate checkfailsontwoconsecutiveattempts,youreceiveanotification. NOTECheckingforproductupdatesworksonlyifthehostcomputerisconnectedto theInternet. To check for product updates 1 2 3 (Optional)Tocheckforsoftwareupdatesimmediately,chooseHelp>Checkfor SoftwareUpdatesNow. ToconfigureWorkstationtoperiodicallycheckforupdates,chooseEdit> Preferences>Updates. IntheSoftwareupdatessection,selectCheckforproductupdateonstartupand clickOK.
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Quickly Create a Virtual Machine and Install an Operating System

Theinstructionsinthissectiongetyoustartedquicklywithcreatingavirtualmachine andinstallingaguestoperatingsystem.Afteryoucreateavirtualmachine,youwill findtheinformationintherestofthischaptereasiertounderstand. TheinstructionstellyoutoacceptthedefaultsettingssothatyoucancompletetheNew VirtualMachinewizardquickly.ThepurposeistolearnaboutWorkstation.Later, whenyouwanttocreatevirtualmachinesthatyouactuallyuseinyourworkor productionenvironment,youcanlearnaboutalltheoptionsavailable.This informationisprovidedinChapter 4,CreatingandUpgradingaVirtualMachine,on page 75. Forsimplicity,useaWindowsinstallationCDorISOimagefilefortheoperating systemyouinstallinthevirtualmachine.MostWindowsoperatingsystemsfitonone CD,whereasLinuxrequiresmultipleCDs.IfyouwanttouseaLinuxguestoperating system,useinstallationmediaforoneofthenewerversionsofRedHat,SUSELinux, orUbuntu.Theeasyinstallfeatureissupportedfortheseoperatingsystems. To quickly create a virtual machine 1 2 TouseaninstallationCDorDVDfortheoperatingsystem,ratherthananISO imagefile,inserttheCDorDVDinthehostCDROMdrive. StartVMwareWorkstation. Forinstructions,seeStartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 47orStart WorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 48. 3 4 5 6 ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. OntheWelcomepage,selectTypicalandclickNext. OntheGuestOperatingsystemInstallationpage,selectInstallerdiscorInstaller discimagefile,asappropriate,andclickNext. CompletethefieldsontheEasyInstallInformationpage. SpecifyingapasswordisoptionalforWindowsguestsandrequiredforLinux guests.OnWindows,thepasswordyouenterisusedforanaccountwith Administratorpermissions.OnWindows2000,thepasswordisusedforthe Administratoraccount.
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Acceptthedefaultsontherestofthewizardpages. ThevirtualmachineiscreatedanditsnameisaddedtotheFavoriteslist.
Theconsoleviewforthevirtualmachineappears.Soonthebootdevice(suchasthe CDROM)isdetectedandinstallationoftheoperatingsystembegins. OnWindows2000guests,ifyouenteredapasswordwhencompletingtheNewVirtual Machinewizard,thenwhentheoperatingsystemstartsup,itmightpromptyouto enteranAdministratorpassword.Usethepasswordthatyoucreatedwhencompleting theNewVirtualMachinewizard. Afterinstallationisfinished,VMwareToolsisautomaticallyinstalled. Nowthatyouhaveavirtualmachinewithaguestoperatingsysteminstalled,youcan refertoitasyoureadtherestofthetopicsinthischapter.
Introduction to Workstation Preferences

ThePreferencesdialogboxappearswhenyouchooseEdit>Preferences.Itletsyou changeanumberofsettingsthatapplytoWorkstation,nomatterwhichvirtual machineyouarerunning. ThedefaultsettingsforWorkstationpreferencesarecorrectformostcases.Donot changesettingsunlessyouareanexperienceduser. NOTEOnaLinuxhost,youmustbeloggedinasroottosaveglobalpreference changes. FollowingisalistofthetabsinthePreferencesdialogbox,alongwithcrossreferences tothesectionsofthismanualthatpertaintoeachtab:
WorkspacetabLetsyouconfigurethefollowingsettings:
DefaultlocationforvirtualmachinesandteamssectionLetsyouchange thedirectoryinwhichnewlycreatedvirtualmachinesandteamsarestored. SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 80andFilesThatMakeUpaVirtual Machineonpage 93. VirtualMachinessectionSeveraloftheseoptionshavetodowithexiting Workstationwhileleavingsomevirtualmachinespoweredon.SeeClosing VirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 66.Forinformationabout enablingsharedfolders,seeSetUpSharedFoldersonpage 191.
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InputtabLetsyouadjustthewaythevirtualmachinecapturescontrolof keyboardandmouse.Forexample,bydefaultthevirtualmachinegrabskeyboard andmouseinputwhenyouclickinthevirtualmachinewindow. HotKeystabLetsyouspecifythekeycombinationthatisusedwithhotkey sequencesforallyourvirtualmachines.Usehotkeycombinationstoenterand leavefullscreenmode,ungrabmouseandkeyboardinput,andsoon.See KeyboardShortcutsonpage 67. DisplaytabLetsyouadjustthemannerinwhichtheconsoleandthehostdisplay accommodateadifferentguestoperatingsystemdisplayresolution. AlsoseeFittingtheWorkstationConsoletotheVirtualMachineDisplayon page 169andUseFullScreenModeonpage 161.
MemorytabFordetailsonadjustingmemorysettingsinWorkstation,clickHelp onthistab.OnLinuxhosts,youmustberunningWorkstationasrootinorderto changethesesettings. PrioritytabForinformationaboutthesnapshotsettingsonthistab,seeEnable orDisableBackgroundSnapshotsonpage 206.OnLinuxhosts,youmustbe runningWorkstationasrootinordertochangethissetting. ForinformationabouttheprocessprioritysettingsavailableonWindowshosts, clickHelponthistab. UpdatestabLetsyouspecifywhethertoautomaticallyupdatesoftware componentssuchas,VMwareToolsanddownloadothercomponentson WindowsandLinuxguestsystemswhenanewversionbecomesavailable.On Linuxhosts,youmustberunningWorkstationasrootinordertochangethe VMwareToolsupdatessettings.Youcanalsoconfigureproxysettingstoconnect totheVMwareUpdateServer.Forinformationaboutsoftwarecomponents, productupdates,andconfiguringproxysettings,clickHelponthistab. VMwareToolsisasuiteofutilitiesthatenhancestheperformanceofthevirtual machinesguestoperatingsystemandimprovesmanagementofthevirtual machine.SeeChapter 5,InstallingandUsingVMwareTools,onpage 97.
Devicestab(Windowshostsonly)Bydefault,theAutorunfeatureonthehostis disabled.Therefore,whenyouinsertaCDorDVDintheCD/DVDROMdrive, theAutorunfeatureisnotavailable.YoucanopentheCDorDVDonthehost usingWindowsExplorer.
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UnitytabLetsyousethotkeypreferencesfortheUnityapplicationmenu.For informationaboutchangingthedefaulthotkeycombination,seeChangethe HotKeyCombinationonpage 68. FeedbacktabLetsVMwarecollectanonymoussystemdataandusagestatistics forproductimprovement.ClickLearnMoretoreviewdetailsofinformation collected,howVMwareprotectsyourprivacy,andhandlestheinformation. ForinformationabouttheprocessprioritysettingsavailableonWindowshosts, clickHelponthistab.
Inadditiontothecrossreferencesmentionedinthislist,moreinformationaboutthe settingsoneachtabisavailableintheWorkstationonlinehelp.ClickHelpinthe Preferencesdialogbox. Thesettingsonthefollowingtabsapplyonlytotheusercurrentlyloggedontothehost computer:Workspacetab,Inputtab,HotKeystab,Prioritytab,andUpdatetab. Thesettingsonthefollowingtabsapplynomatterwhichvirtualmachineisrunningor whichuserisloggedontothehostcomputer:Displaytab,Memorytab,Devicestab, Unitytab,andFeedbacktab.
Introduction to Virtual Machine Settings

Workstationconfiguresanewvirtualmachinebasedontheguestoperatingsystemyou selectintheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Afterthevirtualmachineiscreated,youcan usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortochangemanyconfigurationoptionssetbythe wizard.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditorappearswhenyouselectavirtualmachine andchooseVM>Settings. OnguestswithWindowsXPandlaterversions,ifyoumakechangestothevirtual machineconfigurationafteractivatingtheguestyoumighthavetoreactivateit.To minimizethechanges,setthefinalmemorysizeforthevirtualmachineandinstall VMwareToolsbeforeyouactivatetheguest.
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Hardware Tab
UsetheHardwaretabtoadd,remove,andconfigurevirtualdevicesfortheselected virtualmachine. Figure 3-6. Virtual Machine Settings Hardware Tab
memory device
Help button
WhenyouselectanitemintheHardwarelist,theoptionsthatcorrespondtotheitem appearontherightsideofthedialogbox.Forexample,inFigure 36,memoryoptions appearbecausetheMemoryitemisselected. TopicsandchaptersrelatedtoeachofthevirtualdevicesintheHardwarelistare providedlaterinthismanual.Todisplayonlinehelpforanitemyouselectinthe Hardwarelist,clickHelp.
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Options Tab
TheOptionstabletsyouadjustcharacteristicsoftheselectedvirtualmachine:
Manyoptionscontrolinteractionsbetweenthehostandtheguestoperating system,suchashowfolderscanbeshared,howfilesaretransferred,andwhat happenstoaguestoperatingsystemwhenyouexitWorkstation. SomeoptionsletyouoverridesimilarPreferencesdialogboxoptions,whichare globalpreferencessetforallvirtualmachines.Forexample,youcanusethe AdvancedoptiontooverridetheprocessprioritiessetonthePrioritytabinthe Preferencesdialogbox. Someoptionsletyouchangesettingsyoumightinitiallymakewhenrunningthe NewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine.Forexample,youcanuse theGeneraloptionstochangethenameofthevirtualmachine.
Figure 3-7. Virtual Machine Settings Options Tab
General options
ThesettingsforthevirtualmachineOptionstabarediscussedlaterinthismanual,in thetaskspecifictopicsandprocedureswhereyouwouldusethem.Todisplayonline helpforanitemyouselectintheOptionslist,clickHelp.

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Closing Virtual Machines and Exiting Workstation

Whenyoucloseavirtualmachineorteam,andwhenyouexitWorkstation,ifany virtualmachinesarestillpoweredon,youarepromptedtospecifyoneofthefollowing actionstotake:
Continuerunningthevirtualmachineinthebackground.Ifavirtualmachine continuesrunningafteryouexitWorkstation,youcanstillinteractwithitthrough virtualnetworkcomputing(VNC)orsomeotherservice. Suspendthevirtualmachine.Thesuspendoperationsavesthestateofthevirtual machine.SeeUsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 201. Powerthevirtualmachineoff.Ifyouconfiguredthepoweroperationtodoasoft poweroff,aVMwareToolsscriptrunsinordertocleanlyshutdowntheguest operatingsystembeforepoweringoff.SeeConfigurePowerOffandReset OptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 150.
ToavoidreceivingaprompteverytimeyouexitWorkstationorcloseavirtualmachine orteam,setapreferenceforvirtualmachinestoalwaysruninthebackgroundwhen youexit.
Set a Virtual Machine to Run in the Background

Youcansetavirtualmachinethatispoweredontocontinuerunninginthebackground whenyoucloseavirtualmachineorteamtab,orwhenyouexitWorkstation.Youcan stillinteractwithitthroughVNCoranotherservice. Bydefault,whenvirtualmachinesruninthebackground,astatusiconappearsinthe notificationareaofthetaskbar.Pointtotheicontodisplayaatooltipthatshowsthe numberofvirtualmachinesandteamsthatarerunninginthebackground.Theseare thevirtualmachinesandteamsthatbelongtotheuserwhoisloggedin. To set a virtual machine to run in the background Dooneofthefollowing:
ClickRuninBackgroundatthepromptwhenyouclosethevirtualmachineorexit Workstation. SetaWorkstationpreference: a b FromtheVMwareWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences. OntheWorkspacetab,selectKeepVMsrunningafterWorkstationcloses andclickOK.
WhenyoucloseataborexitWorkstation,younolongerreceiveaprompt.
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Keyboard Shortcuts
YoucanusekeyboardshortcutstointeractwithWorkstationandwithvirtual machines.MostoftheavailablekeyboardshortcutsforWorkstationarelistednextto theirassociatedcommandsinWorkstationmenus. Hotkeys,orkeyboardshortcutsforinteractionswithvirtualmachines,areshownin Table 32.Hotkeycombinationscanbeusedtodothefollowing:

Switchbetweenvirtualmachines Enterandexitfullscreenmode Ungrabinput SendCtrl+Alt+Deltothevirtualmachineonly(andnottothehost) Sendcommandstothevirtualmachineonly(andnottothehost)
Bydefault,mosthotkeycombinationsincludeCtrl+Alt,butyoucanchangethis combination.SeeChangetheHotKeyCombinationonpage 68. IfyouchangethePreferencessettingforthehotkeycombination,substituteyournew settingforCtrl+AltasneededintheshortcutslistedinTable 32.Forexample,ifyou changethehotkeycombinationtoCtrl+Shift+Alt,youmustpress Ctrl+Shift+Alt+spacebartohaveWorkstationnotprocessacommand.
Table 3-2. Hot-Key Combinations

Shortcut Ctrl+G Ctrl+Alt Action Grabinputfromkeyboardandmouse. Releasethemousecursor.Ifthevirtualmachineisinthetypeoffull screenmodecalledexclusivemode,pressingCtrl+Altchangesthevirtual machinefromexclusivemodetowindowedmode. Shutsdownor(dependingupontheguestoperatingsystem)logsoutof theguest.Thiscommandisreceivedsolelybythevirtualmachine. Note:ForthisandallshortcutsthatincludeCtrl+Alt,changingthe hotkeycombinationchangesthesequenceyouneedtouse.Forinstance, ifyouchangethehotkeycombinationtoCtrl+Shift+Alt,youmustpress Ctrl+Shift+Alt+Inserttoendtheguestoperatingsystemsession. Ctrl+Alt+Delete Shutsdownor(dependingupontheoperatingsystem)logsoutofthe guestoperatingsystem. OnWindowshosts,ifyouarenotusingtheenhancedvirtualkeyboard feature,thiscommandisreceivedbyboththehostoperatingsystemand thevirtualmachine,evenwhenWorkstationhascontrolofinput.Youcan canceltheendingofthehostoperatingsystemssessionandreturntothe virtualmachinetologoutorshutdownorperformadministrativetasks.
Ctrl+Alt+Insert
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Table 3-2. Hot-Key Combinations (Continued)

Shortcut Ctrl+Alt+spacebar Action SendsanycommandtothevirtualmachinesothatWorkstationdoesnot processit.HolddownCtrl+Altasyoupressandreleasethespacebar,and continuetoholdtheCtrl+Altkeysdownasyoupressthenextkeyinthe combination. Switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilemouseandkeyboardinput aregrabbed. OnWindowshosts,switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilemouse andkeyboardinputarenotgrabbed.Workstationmustbetheactive application. Infullscreenmode,switchtothenextpoweredonvirtualmachine. Infullscreenmode,switchtothepreviouspoweredonvirtualmachine. InUnitymode,thedefaulthotkeycombinationgivesaccesstothe virtualmachineStartorApplicationsmenu.Youcanconfigurethekey combinationfromtheUnitytabinthePreferencesmenu.
Ctrl+Alt+Tab Ctrl+Tab Ctrl+Shift+Tab Ctrl+Alt+right arrow Ctrl+Alt+left arrow Ctrl+Shift+U
Change the Hot-Key Combination

Hotkeycombinations,orshortcutkeys,arekeycombinationsyoupresstointeract withvirtualmachines.Foralistofactionsyoucaninvokebyusinghotkeys,see Table 32. Bydefault,mosthotkeycombinationsincludeCtrl+Alt,butyoucanchangethis combination.Forexample,youcanchangethesettingsothatallhotkeycombinations useCtrl+Shift+Alt.Thisisusefulifyouwanttopreventcertainkeycombinations(such asCtrl+Alt+Del)frombeinginterceptedbyWorkstationinsteadofbeingsenttothe guestoperatingsystem. Thehotkeypreferencesyousetinthepreferenceseditorapplytovirtualmachinesyou accessfromwithinWorkstation.ThesesettingsdonotaffectvirtualmachinesorACE instancesdistributedtootherusers. To change the hot-key combination 1 2 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheHotKeystab.
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Usethefollowinginformationtohelpyouchooseakeycombination: CustomkeycombinationsinvolveusingacombinationoftheCtrl,Shift,Alt,and Windowskeys.TheWindowskeyisthekeybetweentheCtrlandAltkeysonyour keyboard.Themodifiersforthecustomcombinationare:

DownThekeymustbepressedtousethehotkeysequence. UpThekeymustnotbepressedtousethehotkeysequence. EitherThekeycanbeupordown.Thismodifierisusefultoallowusersa varietyofkeystrokestoleavefullscreenmode.Forexample,selectingEither fortheShiftkeymeansthatbothCtrl+Alt+EnterandCtrl+Shift+Alt+Enter causeWorkstationtoexitfullscreenmode.
IfyouselectEitherforallofthekeys(Ctrl,Alt,Shift,andWin)inthecustom combination,youcanusetheEsckeytoreleasethecursor. 4 (Optional)SetahotkeypreferencefortheUnityapplicationmenu. a b c ClicktheUnitytab. EnteryourcustomkeycombinationintheUnityapplicationsmenuhotkey fieldorusethedefaultcombinationCtrl+Shift+U. (Optional)Ifyouplantohavemultiplevirtualmachinesrunning,withsome inUnitymodeandsomeaccessibleonlyintheWorkstationwindow,donot selecttheMinimize WorkstationwhenenteringUnitycheckbox.
ClickOK.
Gathering Information for VMware Technical Support

WhenyouneedhelpfromVMwaretechnicalsupport,VMwarerecommendsthatyou createasupportrequest.Forsomeproblems,therepresentativewillaskyoutoturnon debugging,runascripttocollectlogfiles,andsendthelogstoVMware.
Register and Create a Support Request

BeforeyoucanreportproblemstotheVMwaresupportteam,youmustregisterfora VMwareaccount. Beforeyoubegin,locatethelicensekey.Itisontheregistrationcardinyourpackage.If youpurchasedWorkstationonline,thelicensekeyissentbyemail.
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To register and create a support request 1 2 3 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseHelp>EnterLicenseKey>Register. FollowtheinstructionsontheWebsite. Toreportproblems,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseHelp>VMwareon theWeb>RequestSupport.
Gather Debugging Information for a Virtual Machine

Workstationprovidesseverallevelsofloggingtohelpdiagnoseandtroubleshoot varioustypesofproblems. Youcanusefulldebuggingmodetogatherthegreatestamountofdata,whichisuseful whenavirtualmachinefreezesorpowersoffunexpectedly.Youcanusestatisticsmode togatherperformancestatisticswhenvirtualmachinesrunslowly.Youcanalso increaseloggingwithoutgoingintofulldebuggingmode.AVMwaretechnicalsupport representativecantellyouwhichleveltouse. Afteryougatherdebugginginformation,youcansendthelogfilestoVMware technicalsupport. To gather debugging information for a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredofforsuspended. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheOptionstab,selectAdvanced. SelectfromtheGatherdebugginginformationdropdownmenuortheLog virtualmachineprogressperiodicallycheckbox,asdirectedbyVMwaretechnical support. Usingfulldebuggingmodeandloggingprogressperiodicallycauseadecreasein performance. 6 IntheFilelocationssection,notethedirectorypathtothelogfile. Toviewthecompletepath,clickinthereadonlytextboxandusetherightarrow keytoscrollthroughthepath. 7 ClickOK.
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Running the Support Script

Tohelpdiagnoseaproblem,theVMwaresupportteammightaskyoutorunasupport scripttogatherinformation.Forexample,ifavirtualmachineexitsabnormallyorfails, runthesupportscripttocollecttheappropriatelogfilesandsysteminformation. InWorkstation7.x,youcanrunthesupportscriptbyselectingHelp >CollectSupport Data.Youcanalsorunthescriptfromthecommandline.
Run the Support Script from the Workstation User Interface

RunthesupportscriptonlywhenrequestedtodosobyVMwaretechnicalsupport. Thesupportcollectionscriptcollectsdatafromallofthevirtualmachinesyouselect andfromyourhostmachine,andstoresallofthedatainasinglefile.OnWindows hosts,afterthescriptfinishesrunning,itcreatesa.ZIPfileofthecollecteddataand displaysthefileinanopenWindowsExplorerwindow.Thedefaultlocationofthe.ZIP file:
OnWindowsXPis C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings \Temp\vmware-support\ OnWindowsVistaandWindows7is C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Temp\vmware-support\
OnLinuxhosts,thescriptcreatesacompressed.TGZfileintheusershomedirectory. Becausethescriptisnotrunasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessagesindicatingthatit cannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMwaresupportteamneeds thatinformation,asupportrepresentativeasksyoutorunthescriptfromthecommand lineasroot.Forinstructions,seeRuntheSupportScriptfromaLinuxTerminal Windowonpage 73. Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 69.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 70.MakesurethatthelatestVMwareTools isinstalledinthevirtualmachinestocollectsupportdatafromtheguestandthatthe virtualmachinesarepoweredon.
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To run the support script from the Workstation user interface 1 SelectHelp>CollectSupportData. AdialogboxdisplaysallyouropenWorkstationvirtualmachines. 2 Checktheboxesforthevirtualmachinestocollectsupportdatafromandselect Collect.
IfyouselectCollectwithnovirtualmachinesselected,thesupportcollection scriptcollectsdataonlyfromyourhostmachine. IfyouselectacheckboxforavirtualmachineandselectCollect,thesupport collectionscriptcollectsthecurrentdatafromtheyourguestandhost machines. ThevirtualmachinemustbepoweredonandhavethelatestVMwareTools running.VMwarerecommendsthatyouusethisoptiontocollectthecurrent dataforyourguestmachine.
Addthe.ZIPor.TGZdatafiletoyoursupportrequest.
Run the Support Script from a Windows Command Prompt

RunthisscriptonlywhenrequestedtodosobyVMwaretechnicalsupport. Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 69.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 70. To run the support script from a Windows command prompt 1 2 Openacommandprompt. ChangetotheVMwareWorkstationprogramdirectory:
C: cd \Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation
Ifyoudidnotinstalltheprograminthedefaultdirectory,usetheappropriatedrive letterandpathinthecdcommandabove. 3 Runthesupportscript:

cscript vm-support.vbs
Afterthescriptruns,itdisplaysthenameofthedirectorywhereithasstoredits output.
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UseafilecompressionutilitysuchasWinZiporPKZIPtozipthescriptoutput directory,andincludethezipfilewithyoursupportrequest. IfyouarereportingaproblemyouencounteredwhileinstallingVMware Workstation,alsoincludetheinstallationlogfile. OnaWindowshost,thefileisVMInst.log.ItissavedintheTempfolder.Ona WindowsXPorWindowsServer2003host,thedefaultlocationisC:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp. Youcanusethecommandcd %temp%tolocatetheLocal Settingsfolder,which ishiddenbydefault.Toseeitscontents,openMyComputer,gotoTools>Folder Options,clicktheViewtabandselectShowHiddenFilesandFolders.
Run the Support Script from a Linux Terminal Window

RunthisscriptonlywhenrequestedtodosobyVMwaretechnicalsupport. Beforeyoubegin,createasupportrequest.SeeRegisterandCreateaSupport Requestonpage 69.Increasetheleveloflogging,asdescribedinGatherDebugging InformationforaVirtualMachineonpage 70. To run the support script from a Linux terminal window 1 2 Openaterminalwindow. Runthesupportscriptastheuserwhoisrunningthevirtualmachine:
vm-support
Ifyouarenotrunningthescriptasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessagesindicating thatitcannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMwaresupport teamneedsthatinformation,asupportrepresentativewillaskyoutorunthescript againasroot. Thescriptcreatesacompressed.TGZfileintheusershomedirectory. 3 Includethatoutputfilewithyoursupportrequest. IfyouarereportingaproblemyouencounteredwhileinstallingWorkstation,also includetheinstallationlogfile.
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Creating and Upgrading a Virtual Machine
ThischapterdescribeshowtocreateavirtualmachinebyusingtheNewVirtual Machinewizard.Italsoprovidesgeneralinformationaboutinstallingguestoperating systems. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

MethodsofCreatingVirtualMachinesonpage 75 ConfigurationOptionsfortheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 76 UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 85 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 85 UpgradeaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 89 ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 90 UsinganOlderVersionVirtualMachineWithoutUpgradingonpage 92 FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 93
Methods of Creating Virtual Machines

Workstationgivesyouseveraloptionsforcreatingvirtualmachines:
Createavirtualmachine. Ifyoudonothaveanyvirtualmachinesorsystemimages,youmustusethis method.UsetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine.Next, youmustinstallanoperatingsystem.Theprocessisthesameasinstallingitona physicalcomputer. Therestofthischapterdescribesthismethodofcreatingavirtualmachine.
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CloneavirtualmachinefromanexistingVMwarevirtualmachineorvirtual machinetemplate. Clonesareusefulwhenyoumustdeploymanyidenticalvirtualmachinestoa group.CloningispreferabletocopyingavirtualmachinebecauseaclonesMAC addressandUUIDaredifferentfromtheoriginalvirtualmachine,toavoid networkconflicts.UsetheCloneVirtualMachinewizardtocreateaclone. SeeCloningaVirtualMachineonpage 219.
OnWindowshosts,convertaphysicalmachine,virtualmachine,orsystemimage thatwascreatedbyusinganotherVMwareproductorathirdpartyproduct. Thisprocesscreatesacloneoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorsystemimage.Use theConversionwizardtoconvertaphysicalorvirtualmachineorasystemimage. SeeChapter 6,CreatingaVirtualMachinefromaSystemImageorAnother VirtualMachine,onpage 131.
Configuration Options for the New Virtual Machine Wizard

AsyoucompletetheNewVirtualMachinewizard,youarepromptedtomake decisionsaboutmanyaspectsofthevirtualmachine.Thetopicsinthissectionprovide informationabouttheissuesinvolvedsothatyoucandeterminewhichchoicesyou wanttomakebeforerunningthewizard.
Easy Install Feature for Some Guest Operating Systems

Theeasyinstallfeaturesenableyoutoperformanunattendedinstallationoftheguest operatingsystemafteryoucompletetheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Youcanusethis featureregardlessofwhetheryouchooseatypicaloracustomconfigurationinthe wizard. OnWindowsguests,theeasyinstallfeatureisavailableforthefollowingoperating systems:

WindowsVista,Windows7,WindowsXP,andWindows2000 WindowsServer2008,WindowsServer2003,andWindows2000Server
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Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading a Virtual Machine
OnLinuxguests,theeasyinstallfeatureisavailableforthefollowingoperating systems:

UbuntuDesktop7.10andlater UbuntuServer8.10andlater RedHatEnterpriseLinux3through5 AsianuxServer3 FedoraCore4through12withtheexceptionofFedoraCore8 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP3 SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop10SP3 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer11GA SUSELinuxEnterpriseDesktop11GA openSUSE11.3GA
Ifyouspecifyaninstallerdisc(DVDorCD)orISOimagefileandifthewizarddetects anoperatingsystemthatsupportstheeasyinstallfeature,youarepromptedtosupply thefollowinginformation:
ForWindowsguests:
(Optional)WindowsproductkeyIfyouspecifyaproductkey,youarenot promptedforitlater,duringinstallationoftheoperatingsystem.Entera productkeyunlesstheinstallationmediaalreadycontainsavolumelicense productkey. VersionofWindowstoinstallIfyouareinstallingtheWindowsVista, Windows7,orWindowsServer2008guestoperatingsystem,youcanspecify theoperatingsystemeditionfromthisdropdownmenu. FullnameThisnameisusedforregisteringtheoperatingsystem.Donotuse thenameAdministratororGuest.Ifyouuseoneofthesenames,youreceive anerrormessageduringinstallationoftheoperatingsystemandbeprompted toenteradifferentname. (Optional)PasswordOnWindowsoperatingsystemsotherthanWindows 2000,thepasswordyouenterhereisusedforanaccountwithAdministrator permissions.OnWindows2000,thepasswordyouenterhereisusedforthe Administratoraccount.OnWindowsXPHome,anAdministratoraccount withoutapasswordiscreated,andyouareautomaticallyloggedintheguest.
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(Optional)LogonautomaticallySaveyourlogincredentialsandbypassthe logindialogboxwhenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine.Youmustcomplete theFullnameandPasswordfieldsforthisoptiontowork.SeeUsing AutologoninaWindowsGuestonpage 151. OnWindowsXPHome,theAutologonoptionisdisabledintheNewVirtual Machinewizard.Aftertheoperatingsystemisinstalledyoucanchangethe Autologonsettings.
ForLinuxguests:
FullnameThisnameisusedforregisteringtheoperatingsystem,if registrationisrequired.Thefirstnameisusedasthehostnameforthevirtual machine. UsernameYoucanuselowercaselettersandnumbers,withnospaces.Do notusethenameroot.Someoperatingsystemssetupsudoaccessforthisuser, andsomerequirethisusertousesutogetrootprivileges. PasswordThepasswordyouenterhereisusedforboththeusernameyou supplyandtherootuser.
ThisfeaturealsoinstallsVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem.Formore informationaboutVMwareTools,seeComponentsofVMwareToolsonpage 97. IfyouplantouseaCD,DVD,orISOimagethatcontainsaproductkeynumberandis alreadysetuptoperformanunattendedinstallation,theonlybenefityougainbyusing theeasyinstallfeatureistheautomaticinstallationofVMwareTools.
Typical Compared to Custom Configurations

TheNewVirtualMachinewizardpromptsyoutochoosebetweendoingatypical configurationandacustomconfiguration.IfyouselectTypical,thewizardprompts youtospecifyoracceptdefaultsforthefollowingchoices:

Mediumforinstallingtheguestoperatingsystem(CD,imagefile,orneither) Guestoperatingsystem Virtualmachinenameandthelocationofthevirtualmachinefiles Sizeofthevirtualdiskandwhethertosplitthediskinto2GBfiles Hardwarecustomization,foradvancedusers
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Youarenotpromptedtospecifythevirtualmachineversion.Thevirtualmachine version(Workstation4,5.x,6,6.5,or7.x)isassumedtobetheonespecifiedinthe preferenceseditor.FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences,andsee thesettingforDefaulthardwarecompatibility. Onthelastpageofthewizard,youcanclickCustomizeHardwaretochangethe defaultsformemoryallocation,numberofvirtualCPUs,networkconnectiontype,and soon. Manycircumstancesrequireyoutoselectacustominstallation.SelectCustomifyou wanttodoanyofthefollowing:
Makeadifferentversionofvirtualmachinethanwhatisspecifiedinthe preferenceseditor. SpecifytheI/OadaptertypeforSCSIadapters:BusLogic,LSILogic,or LSI Logic SAS. SpecifywhetheryouwanttocreateanIDEoraSCSIvirtualdisk,regardlessofthe defaultthatisusuallyusedfortheguestoperatingsystem. Useaphysicaldiskratherthanavirtualdisk(forexpertusers). Useanexistingvirtualdiskratherthancreateavirtualdisk. Allocateallvirtualdiskspaceratherthanallowingthediskspacetogradually growtothemaximum.
Guest Operating System Selection

IfyouspecifythatthesourcemediaforinstallingtheoperatingsystemisInstallerdisc orInstallerdiscimagefileandifthewizardcandetecttheoperatingsystem,you mightnotseeawizardpageforselectingtheoperatingsystem. Afteryouspecifyanoperatingsystemorafterthewizarddetectsitfromtheinstallation media,Workstationusesthisinformationtodothefollowing:

Selectappropriatedefaultvalues,suchastheamountofmemorytoallocate. Namefilesassociatedwiththevirtualmachine. Adjustsettingsforoptimalperformance. Workaroundspecialbehaviorsandbugswithinaguestoperatingsystem.
Iftheoperatingsystemyouplantouseisnotlisted,selectOtherforbothguest operatingsystemandversion.
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Forsomeoperatingsystems,theoperatingsystemandVMwareToolsareinstalled automaticallyafterthevirtualmachineiscreated.SeeEasyInstallFeatureforSome GuestOperatingSystemsonpage 76. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation versions5.5andlater,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.Forthe listofprocessorsWorkstationsupportsfor64bitguestoperatingsystems,seePC Hardwareonpage 23.
Virtual Machine Location

Thefollowingexamplesshowthedefaultlocationssuggestedforvirtualmachines:
OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003hosts,thedefaultlocationis:
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,thedefaultlocationis:
C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnLinuxhosts,thedefaultlocationis:
<homedir>/vmware/<guestOSname>
The<homedir>valueisthehomedirectoryoftheuserwhoiscurrentlyloggedin. Virtualmachineperformancemightbeslowerifyourvirtualharddiskisonanetwork drive.Forbestperformance,besurethevirtualmachinesfolderisonalocaldrive. However,ifotherusersneedtoaccessthisvirtualmachine,considerplacingthevirtual machinefilesinalocationthatisaccessibletothem.SeeSharingVirtualMachines withOtherUsersonpage 226. NOTEIfyouplantodeploythevirtualmachineonaUSBdrive,first,createthevirtual machineonyourlocalharddisk.YoucanthenusePocketACEfeaturestodeploythe virtualmachine. Forinformationaboutthefilesstoredinthevirtualmachinefolder,seeFilesThat MakeUpaVirtualMachineonpage 93.
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Virtual Machine Hardware Compatibility Levels

Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly. WhenyoumakeaselectionfromtheHardwarecompatibilitylist,youseealistofother VMwareproductsandversionsthatarecompatiblewithyourselection.Youalsoseea listoffeaturesthatarenotavailableforthatversion. Ifoneofthefeaturecompatibilitycheckboxesisavailablefortheversionyouselect,you canselectthecheckboxtoseealistoftheadditionallimitations.
Number of Processors
Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Settingthevirtualmachineto havemultiplevirtualCPUs(uptoeightforVMwareWorkstation7.x)issupportedonly forhostmachineswithatleasttwologicalprocessors.(Ifyouarecreatinga Workstation 4virtualmachine,youdonotseethispanel.) Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:

Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled AsingleprocessorhostwithadualcoreCPU AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoCPUs,regardlessofwhethertheyaredualcoreor havehyperthreadingenabled
Memory Allocation
ThisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsorifyouclickCustomizeHardware onthelastpageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard. Thetotalamountofmemoryyoucanassigntoallvirtualmachinesrunningonasingle hostislimitedonlybytheamountofRAMonthehost. Themaximumamountofmemoryforeachvirtualmachineon32bithostsis8GBand on64bithostsis32GB.Workstationdoesnotallowpoweringonvirtualmachinesthat areconfiguredtousemorethan8GBofmemoryon32bithosts.Memorymanagement limitationson32bitoperatingsystemscausevirtualmachinememorytoovercommit, whichseverelyaffectssystemperformance. Acolorcodediconcorrespondstoeachvalue.Touseoneoftheseamounts,movethe slidertothecorrespondingicon.Thehighendoftherangethatappearsisdetermined bytheamountofmemoryallocatedtoallrunningvirtualmachines.Ifyouallowvirtual machinememorytobeswapped,thisvaluechangestoreflecttheamountofswapping thatwasspecified.Tochangetheamountofmemoryavailabletoallvirtualmachines, usetheWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).
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Network Connection Type

ThisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsorifyouclickCustomizeHardware onthelastpageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard.Youhaveseveraloptionsfor connectingthevirtualmachinetothenetwork:
BridgednetworkingIfyourhostcomputerisonanetworkandyouhavea separateIPaddressforyourvirtualmachine(orcangetoneautomaticallyfroma DHCPserver),selectBridged.Othercomputersonthenetworkcanthen communicatedirectlywiththevirtualmachine. NAT(NetworkAddressTranslation)IfyoudonothaveaseparateIPaddressfor yourvirtualmachinebutyouwanttobeabletoconnecttotheInternet,selectNAT. Thevirtualmachineandthehostshareasinglenetworkidentitythatisnotvisible outsidethenetwork. HostonlyHostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthe virtualmachineandthehostcomputer,usingavirtualnetworkadapterthatis visibletothehostoperatingsystem.Withhostonlynetworking,thevirtual machinecancommunicateonlywiththehostandothervirtualmachinesinthe hostonlynetwork.SelectHostonlytosetupanisolatedvirtualnetwork.
SeeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 286.
I/O Adapter Types

Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.AnIDEandaSCSIadapterare installedinthevirtualmachine.TheIDEadapterisalwaysATAPI.FortheSCSI adapter,youcanchooseBusLogic,LSILogic,orLSILogicSAS.BusLogicandLSILogic adaptershaveparallelinterfaces.LSILogicSAShasaserialinterface. Therecommendedadapterforyourguestoperatingsystemisselectedbydefault. NOTETheLSILogicadapterhasimprovedperformanceandworksbetterwithgeneric SCSIdevices.TheLSILogicadapterisalsosupportedbyESXServer2.0andhigher. YourchoiceofSCSIadapterdoesnotaffectyourdecisiontomakeyourvirtualdiskan IDEorSCSIdisk.However,someguestoperatingsystems,suchas32bitWindows XP, donotincludeadriverfortheLSILogicorLSILogicSASadapter.Youmustdownload thedriverfromtheLSILogicWebsite. NOTEDriversforaMylex(BusLogic)compatiblehostbusadapterarenotobviouson theLSILogicWebsite.Searchthesupportareaforthenumericstringinthemodel number.Forexample,searchfor958forBT/KT958drivers.
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TheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideincludesdriversupport informationwhereappropriate.Forguestoperatingsystemsupportandknownissues, gototheVMwareWebsite,andclicktheSupport&Downloadstab.UnderSupport Resources,clicktheCompatibilityGuideslink.
Virtual Disks and Physical Disks

Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Ifyouuseatypical configuration,anewvirtualdiskiscreatedandusedforthevirtualmachine.Virtual disksarethebestchoiceformostvirtualmachines.Theyareeasytosetupandcanbe movedtonewlocationsonthesamehostcomputerortodifferenthostcomputers. Evenforcustomconfigurations,youusuallychoosetheoptionCreateaNewVirtual Disk.InsomecasesyoumightwanttochooseUseanExistingVirtualDisk,tousea virtualdiskyoucreatedpreviously.Thewizarddisplaysapageforyoutoenterthe pathorbrowsetotheexistingvirtualdisk(.vmdk)file. Itispossibletouseaphysicalharddisk(arawdisk)ordiskpartitioninavirtual machine.Donotuseaphysicaldiskconfigurationunlessyouareanexpertuser.See UsingPhysicalDisksinaVirtualMachineonpage 244.
Disk Types
Thisoptionisavailableforcustomconfigurationsonly.Therecommendeddiskforyour guestoperatingsystemisalreadyselectedbydefault. OnLinuxhosts,andintheAddHardwarewizard,youcanselectadiskmodeonthe SelectaDiskTypepage.SeeNormalandIndependentDiskModesonpage 83.
Normal and Independent Disk Modes

TheoptiontoselectnormalorindependentmodeisavailableonLinuxhostsforcustom configurationsonly.Normalmodemeansyouwanttoincludedisksinanysnapshots youtake.Ifyoudonotwantdataonthedisktoberecordedwhenyoutakeasnapshot ofthevirtualmachine,youcanconfigurethedisktobeindependent. Ifyouconfigurethedisktobeindependent,youcanfurtherspecifywhetherchanges youmaketothediskaretopersistorbediscardedwhenyoupoweroffthevirtual machineorrestoreittoasnapshot. AlthoughforWindowshosts,thisconfigurationsettingisnotavailableintheNew VirtualMachinewizard,youcanexcludevirtualdisksfromsnapshotsbyusingthe virtualmachinesettingseditor.SeeExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshotson page 207.
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Disk Capacity
Thewizardpromptsyoutosetasizebetween0.1GBand2TBforavirtualdisk. On Windowshosts,thePocketACEsizecalculatorcontrolcanhelpdeterminethedisk sizeforanACEinstancethatfitsonaportabledevice. Youcanselectwhetheryouwanttostoreavirtualdiskasasinglefileorsplitinto multiplefilesonafilesystem. SelecttheoptionSplitvirtualdiskasamultiplefileifyourvirtualdiskisstoredona filesystemthathasafilesizelimitation.Whenyousplitavirtualdisklessthan950GB, aseriesof2GBvirtualdiskfilesarecreated.Whenyousplitavirtualdiskgreaterthan 950GB,twovirtualdiskfilesarecreated.Themaximumsizeofthefirstvirtualdiskfile is1.9TBandthesecondvirtualdiskfilestorestherestofthedata. Forcustomconfigurations,youarealsogiventheoptionAllocatealldiskspacenow. VMwarerecommendsthatyouallowthedisktogrow.Allocatingalldiskspacenow givessomewhatbetterperformance,butitisatimeconsumingoperation.Alsoit requiresasmuchphysicaldiskspaceasyouspecifyforthevirtualdisk.Ifyouallocate allthediskspacenow,youcannotusetheshrinkdiskfeaturelater.
Pocket ACE Disk Size Calculator on Windows Only

ThePocketACEfeatureallowsyoutostoreACEinstancesonportabledevicessuchas USBkeys(flashmemorydrives),AppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices,andportablehard drives.ACEusersattachtheseportabledevicestox86hostcomputersandruntheir ACEinstanceswithVMwarePlayer. OntheSpecifyDiskCapacitypageoftheNewVirtualMachinewizard,youcanusethe PocketACEsizecalculatorbuttontodeterminewhatnumbertouseintheDisksize textbox.Disksizerefersonlytothesizeofthevirtualharddisk.Ifyouplantocreate PocketACEs,youmustalsoconsidertheamountofdiskspacerequiredformemory, installers,andotherfilesrelatedtovirtualmachineoverhead. SelecttheFastsynchronizecachecheckboxtoreservespaceforwritingchangesfrom thePocketACEcacheonthehost.Havingthisspaceavailablereducesthetimeittakes tosynchronizefileswiththehost. TodeterminewhatnumbertoenterintheVirtualharddisksizetextboxofthe calculator,youneedtoknowhowmuchdiskspaceisavailableonthedevice.Plugthe USBdeviceintoyourhostcomputerandusetheMyComputeritemtodisplayits properties.ThisnumbercannotbelessthantheamountshownforSpacerequiredon USBdeviceinthecalculator.IfnecessaryreducethenumberintheVirtualharddisk sizetextboxuntiltheamountoftotalspacerequirediscorrectforthedevice.
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Use the New Virtual Machine Wizard

TheNewVirtualMachinewizardguidesyouthroughthekeystepsforsettingupanew virtualmachine,helpingyousetvariousoptionsandparameters. ManyofthesettingsyouspecifyintheNewVirtualMachinecanbechangedlater,if necessary.Youcanusethevirtualmachinesettingseditorifyouneedtomakechanges aftertheinitialcreation.(Fromthemenubar,chooseVM>Settings.) Beforeyoubegin,determinewhattypeofmediatouseforinstallingtheoperating systeminthevirtualmachineanddooneofthefollowing:
IfyouplantouseaninstallationCDorDVDforinstallingtheguestoperating system,inserttheCDorDVDinthehostsCDROMdrive. IfyouplantouseanISOimagefile,makesurethefileisaccessibletothehost.
To use the New Virtual Machine wizard 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. Followtheprompts. Formoreinformationaboutthefieldsonawizardpage,clickHelponthatpage. Afterthewizardcreatesthevirtualmachine,thenextstepisinstallingtheguest operatingsystem.SeeInstallingaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 85.
Installing a Guest Operating System

Installationofaguestoperatingsystemcanbeautomatedormanual:
Ifyouspecifiedaninstallerdiscorimage(.iso)fileandifthewizarddetectedan operatingsystemthatsupportstheeasyinstallfeature,installationisautomated. AnunattendedinstallationoftheoperatingsystemandVMwareToolsbegins whenthevirtualmachineispoweredon. Theinstallationprocessusuallyrunswithoutrequiringinputfromyou. See RespondtoEasyInstallPromptsonpage 86.
Ifyoudidnotusetheeasyinstallfeature,seeInstallaGuestOperatingSystem Manuallyonpage 87.
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Installation Requirements for the ESX Guest Operating System

YoucanusetheeasyinstallfeaturetoinstallESX4.0andESXi4.0guestson Workstation.Beforeyoubegin,makesureyoufulfillthefollowingrequirements:
HardwareassistedvirtualizationmustbeenabledfortheESX4.0andESXi4.0 guests.ThehostsystemmusthaveIntelEM64TprocessorswithVTxorAMD64 Family10HandlaterprocessorswithAMDV.Whereapplicable,VTxorAMDV mustbeenabledintheBIOS(orotherfirmware).PoweroffandrestartIntelhosts afterchangingtheBIOSsettingstoenablehardwarevirtualization. ESX4.0guestsmustbeconfiguredwithtwoormorecores.VMwarerecommends thatthehostsystemshouldhaveatleastasmanycoresastheguest. Only32bitguestsmaybeinstalledtorunasnestedvirtualmachinesinsideanESX guest.Thesevirtualmachinescanonlybeconfiguredtousebinarytranslation. VMwareToolsarenotavailableforESX4.0orESXi4.0guests.Donotinstallthe LinuxversionofVMwareToolsinanESXguest. ForinstructionsonhowtosetthevirtualEthernetadapteronaLinuxhosttorun inpromiscuousmode,seetheVMwareknowledgebasearticle287availableonthe VMwareWebsite.
FormoreinformationonhowtoconfigureESX4.0andESXi4.0,seetheVMware vSpheredocumentationsetavailableontheVMwareWebsite.
Respond to Easy Install Prompts

Usuallyyouarenotpromptedforinputduringoperatingsysteminstallationiftheeasy installfeatureruns.If,however,youdidnotenteralltheeasyinstallinformationinthe NewVirtualMachinewizard,youmightbepromptedforaproductkey,username,or password. Also,iftheoperatingsysteminstallationdiscorimagespansmultipleCDs,DVDs,or imagefiles,youmightbepromptedwhentheinstallerrequiresthenextdisk. To respond to easy install prompts 1 Ifyouarepromptedtosupplyaproductkey,username,orpassword,dothe following: a b Clickinthevirtualmachinewindowtoallowmouseandkeyboardinputto begrabbedbythevirtualmachine. Typeintherequiredinformation.
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2 3
IfyouareusingCDsorDVDsandarepromptedtoinsertthenextCDorDVD,use theCDorDVDdriveattachedtothehost. Ifyouareusingimagefilesandarepromptedtoinsertthenextdisc,dothe following:
OnWindowshosts,clickChangeDisk,browsetotheimagefileforthenext CD,andclickOK. OnLinuxhosts,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Removable Devices>CD/DVD>Settings,browsetotheimagefileforthenextCD,check theConnectedoption,andclickSave.
Install a Guest Operating System Manually

Youmustinstallanoperatingsystemmanuallyifyoudidnotorwerenotabletouse theeasyinstallfeaturewhencompletingtheNewVirtualMachinewizard. Beforeyoubegin,usethefollowingdocumentstodetermineadditionalrequirements forthespecificoperatingsystemandversionyouplantoinstall:
Forguestoperatingsystemsupportandknownissues,gototheVMwareWebsite, andclicktheSupport&Downloadstab.UnderSupportResources,clickthe CompatibilityGuideslink. ForinformationaboutinstallingaLinuxoperatingsystemthathasaVMwareVMI (VirtualMachineInterface)enabledkernelintheguestoperatingsystem,seeUse aParavirtualizedKernelinLinuxGuestsonpage 89.
Anewvirtualmachineislikeaphysicalcomputerwithablankharddisk.Beforeyou canuseit,youneedtopartitionandformatthevirtualdiskandinstallanoperating system.Theoperatingsystemsinstallationprogrammighthandlethepartitioningand formattingstepsforyou. Installingaguestoperatingsysteminsideavirtualmachineisessentiallythesameas installingitonaphysicalcomputer. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation 5.5 andhigher,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.Forthelistof processorsWorkstationsupportsfor64bitguestoperatingsystems,seePC Hardwareonpage 23.
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To install a guest operating system manually 1 2 StartWorkstation. Dooneofthefollowingsothatthevirtualmachinecanaccesstheinstallation mediafortheguestoperatingsystem:
ForaCDorDVD,ifnecessary,configurethevirtualmachinetousethehosts CDROM/DVDdrive,andinserttheoperatingsystemmediainthedrive. Insomehostconfigurations,thevirtualmachinecannotbootfromthe installationCDROM.YoucanworkaroundthatproblembycreatinganISO imagefilefromtheinstallationCDROM.Usethevirtualmachinesettings editor(chooseVM>Settings)toconnectthevirtualmachinesCDdrivetothe ISOimagefile,andpoweronthevirtualmachine.
ForanISOimage,connecttheCDROMdrivetoanISOimagefileofan installationdisk.
TouseaPXEservertoinstalltheguestoperatingsystemoveranetwork connection,youdonotneedtheoperatingsysteminstallationmedia.Whenyou poweronthevirtualmachine,thevirtualmachinedetectsthePXEserver. 3 4 5 ClickthePowerOnbutton. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendor. IftheoperatingsystemspansseveralCDs,followthesestepswhenyouare promptedtoinsertthesecondCD: a b c d e f DisconnectfromthecurrentimagebychoosingVM>RemovableDevices> CDROM>Disconnect. EdittheCDsettingsbychoosingVM>RemovableDevices>CDROM> Settings. ForUseISOimagefile,clickBrowse,andselecttheISOimageforthesecond CD. IntheDeviceStatusarea,selecttheConnectedcheckboxandclickOK. Intheguestoperatingsystem,clickOKorrespondtothepromptsothat installationcancontinue. RepeatthisprocessforadditionalCDs.
Aftertheguestoperatingsystemisinstalled,youcanusethestandardtoolswithinthe operatingsystemtoconfigureitssettings.VMwarerecommendsthatyouinstall VMwareToolsbeforeyouactivatethelicensefortheoperatingsystem.SeeInstalling VMwareToolsonpage 101.

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Use a Paravirtualized Kernel in Linux Guests

Since2005,VMwarehasbeencollaboratingwiththeLinuxcommunitytodevelopa commonparavirtualizationinterface.In2006,VMwarereleaseditsVMIspecificationas anopenspecification.ItallowsVMwarevirtualmachinestosupportvarious paravirtualizedoperatingsystemsfrompopularLinuxdistributions. Beforeyoubegin,obtaininstallationmedia(CDorISOimage)fortheoperatingsystem. Paravirtualizedkernelsupportisavailablefor32bitversionsofUbuntu7.04,7.10,or 8.04andSUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP2. The64bitversionofSUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP2alreadycontains paravirtualization.YoudonotneedtouseaWorkstationsettingtoenableit. Formoreinformationaboutparavirtualizationingeneral,seethefollowingVMware Websiteat: http://www.vmware.com/interfaces/paravirtualization.html IfyouhaveaVMwareVMI(VirtualMachineInterface)enabledkernelintheguest operatingsystem,youwillseeimprovedperformanceifyouenableparavirtual supportinthevirtualmachine. To use a paravirtualized kernel in Linux guests 1 2 UsetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreatevirtualmachineforoneofthe supported32bitguestoperatingsystems. Afteryoufinishcreatingthevirtualmachine,enableparavirtualkernelsupport,as follows: a b ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors,andintheExecutionModesection, selecttheVMwarekernelparavirtualizationcheckbox.
Upgrade a Guest Operating System

WhenyouusetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine,oneofthe settingsyouspecifyistheguestoperatingsystemtypeandversion.Workstation choosesconfigurationdefaultsbasedontheguesttypeandversionyouchoose. Ifyouupgradeaguestoperatingsystemtoanewerversion,alsoupdatetheguest operatingsystemversionforthevirtualmachine.
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To upgrade a guest operating system 1 2 3 4 5 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab. OntheGeneralsettingspanel,intheVersionfield,selecttheversiontowhichyou plantoupgradeandclickOK. Thesettingyouspecifyhereiswrittentothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile. Thissettingdoesnotactuallychangetheguestoperatingsystemitself. 6 7 Poweronthevirtualmachine. Toupgradetheguestoperatingsystem,followtheupgradeinstructionsprovided bytheoperatingsystemvendor.
Change the Version of a Virtual Machine

IfyoucreatedvirtualmachineswithanearlierversionofWorkstation,youmust upgradetothelatestversiontousethenewestfeatures.Forinformationaboutnew features,seethereleasenotes. IfyoucreatedWorkstation6.5or7.xvirtualmachinesandyouwanttodeploythose virtualmachinestorunonadifferentVMwareproduct,youmightneedtodowngrade toaversionthatiscompatiblewiththatproduct. UsingWorkstation7.x,youcandowngradetoversions4,5.x,6,or6.5. Youcanalsodeterminewhichvirtualhardwareversiontouse. Considerthefollowingwhenchangingthevirtualhardwareversionofavirtual machine:
ForWorkstation4,5.x,6,6.5and7.xvirtualmachines,youcanchangetheversion oftheoriginalvirtualmachineorcreateafullclone,sothattheoriginalremains unaltered.ForWorkstation4virtualmachines,Workstationchangestheoriginal virtualmachine. IfyouupgradeaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachinethatiscompatiblewith ESX ServertoWorkstation6,6.5,or7.xyoucannotusetheChangeVersionwizard tolaterdowngradeitagaintoanESXcompatiblevirtualmachine. OnWindowshosts,however,youcanusetheConversionwizard(chooseFile> Import)toperformsuchadowngrade.
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WhenyouupgradeaWindowsXP,WindowsServer2003,WindowsVista,or Windows7virtualmachine,theMicrosoftproductactivationfeaturemight requireyoutoreactivatetheguestoperatingsystem.
To change the version of a virtual machine 1 2 Makebackupcopiesofthevirtualdisks(.vmdkfiles). IfyouareupgradingfromaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachine,ordowngrading toaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachine,makeanoteoftheNICsettingsinthe guest. Specifically,ifyouspecifiedastaticIPaddressforthisvirtualmachine,afterthe upgrade,thatsettingmightbechangedtoautomaticassignmentbyDHCP. TochecktheNICsettings,usethemethodappropriateforyouroperatingsystem. Forexample,onWindowsXP,youcanusetheControlPanelsNetwork ConnectionsitemtofindinformationabouttheTCP/IPaddressforthevirtual machine. 3 4 5 Shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpoweroffthevirtualmachine. SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Upgrade or Change Version. Followtheprompts. Whenyouselectahardwarecompatibilityversion,youseealistoftheVMware productsthatarecompatiblewiththatversion.IfyouselectWorkstation4,5or6 youalsoseealistofWorkstation6.5and7.xfeaturesthatarenotsupportedforthat version. 6 Poweronthevirtualmachine. IfyouupgradeavirtualmachinethatcontainsaWindows98operatingsystemto aWorkstation6.5or7.xvirtualmachine,youarepromptedtoinstallaPCIPCI bridgedriverwhenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine.BecauseWorkstation6.5 and7.xhas32morePCIPCIbridgesthanWorkstation6,youmightneedto respondtotheprompt32or33times.
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7 8
Ifapplicable,intheguestoperatingsystem,checktheNICsettingsandadjustthem iftheychanged,asdescribedinStep 2. IfthevirtualmachinedoesnothavethelatestversionofVMwareToolsinstalled, updateVMwareTools. Evenif,forexample,youupgradedaWorkstation5.xvirtualmachineto Workstation6.xratherthan7.x,besuretoupdateVMwareToolstotheversion includedwithWorkstation7.x.SeeVMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 113. DonotremovetheolderversionofVMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenew version. Ifyouareupgradingavirtualmachinethatrunsfromaphysical(raw)disk,you cansafelyignorethemessage,Unable to upgrade <drive_name>. One of the supplied parameters is invalid.ClickOK.
Using an Older-Version Virtual Machine Without Upgrading

Youmightnotwanttoupgradeavirtualmachinebecauseyouwantittoremain compatiblewithotherVMwareproductsyouareusing.Followingisabriefsummary ofVMwareproductversioncompatibility.
Version of Workstation 4.x Compatible VMware Products ACE 1.x,2.0,2.5,and2.6,ESX4.0,VMware Fusion 1.1,2.0,and3.0, GSXServer 3.x,VMware Server 1.xand2.0,andWorkstation4.x, 5.x,6.x,and7.0 ACE 2.0,2.5,and2.6,ESX4.0,VMware Fusion 1.1,2.0,and3.0,GSX Server 3.x,VMware Server 1.xand2.0,andWorkstation5.x,6.x, and7.0 ACE 2.0,2.5,and2.6,ESX4.0,VMware Fusion 1.1,2.0,and3.0, VMware Server 2.0,andWorkstation6.0,6.5,and7.x ACE 2.5and2.6,ESX4.0,VMware Fusion 2.0and3.0, VMware Server 2.0,andWorkstation6.5and7.x
5.x
6.0 6.57.x
YoucanrunolderversionsofvirtualmachinesinWorkstation7.x,butyouwillnothave thebenefitsofthenewfeaturesofWorkstation7.x. FormoreinformationaboutcompatibilitybetweenVMwareproducts,seethe VMware VirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide.
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Ifyoudecidenottoupgradeavirtualmachine,youstillneedtoupgradeVMwareTools tothenewversion.Followtheinstructionsforyourguestoperatingsystemin VMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 113.Donotremovetheolderversionof VMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenewversion.
Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine

Youmightneverneedtoknowthefilenamesorlocationsforyourvirtualmachinefiles. VirtualmachinefilemanagementisperformedbyWorkstation. Avirtualmachinetypicallyisstoredonthehostcomputerinasetoffiles,usuallyina directorycreatedbyWorkstationforthatspecificvirtualmachine.SeeVirtual MachineLocationonpage 80. ThekeyfilesarelistedinTable 41byextension.Intheseexamples,<vmname>isthe nameofyourvirtualmachine. Table 4-1. Virtual Machine Files
Extension .log File Name <vmname>.log or vmware.log .nvram <vmname>.nvram or nvram Description ThelogfileofkeyWorkstationactivity.Thisfileis usefulfortroubleshooting.Thisfileisstoredinthe directorythatholdstheconfiguration(.vmx)fileof thevirtualmachine. TheNVRAMfile,whichstoresthestateofthevirtual machinesBIOS.
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Table 4-1. Virtual Machine Files (Continued)

Extension .vmdk File Name <vmname>.vmdk Description VMDKfiles,whichstorethecontentsofthevirtual machinesharddiskdrive. Avirtualdiskismadeupofoneormorevirtualdisk (.vmdk)files.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditor showsthenameofthefirstfileintheset.Thisfile containspointerstotheotherfilesintheset. (Ifyouspecifythatallspaceshouldbeallocated whenyoucreatethedisk,thesefilesstartatthe maximumsizeanddonotgrow.)Almostallofa .vmdkfilescontentisthevirtualmachinesdata, withasmallportionallottedtovirtualmachine overhead. Ifthevirtualmachineisconnecteddirectlytoa physicaldisk,the.vmdkfilestoresinformationabout thepartitionsthevirtualmachineisallowedto access. EarlierVMwareproductsusedtheextension.dsk forvirtualdiskfiles. <vmname>-s<###>.vmdk Ifyouspecifiedthatthefilescangrow,thefilenames includeansinthefilenumber(forexample, Windows XP Professional-s001.vmdk). Ifyouspecifiedthatthevirtualdiskissplitinto2GB chunks,thenumberof.vmdkfilesdependsonthe sizeofthevirtualdisk.Asdataisaddedtoavirtual disk,the.vmdk filesgrow,toamaximumof2GB each. <vmname>-f<###>.vmdk Ifthediskspacewasallocatedwhenthediskwas created,thenamesincludeanfinsteadofans(for example,Windows XP Professional-f001.vmdk). Ifthevirtualmachinehasoneormoresnapshots, somefilesareredologfiles.Theystorechanges madetoavirtualdiskwhilethevirtualmachineis running.The###indicatesauniquesuffixaddedby Workstationtoavoidduplicatefilenames. Thevirtualmachinespagingfile,whichbacksupthe guestmainmemoryonthehostfilesystem.Thisfile existsonlywhenthevirtualmachineisrunningorif thevirtualmachinefails. Eachsnapshotofavirtualmachinethatispowered onhasanassociated.vmemfile,whichcontainsthe guestsmainmemory,savedaspartofthesnapshot.
<vmname>-<disk>-<###>.vmdk
.vmem
<uuid>.vmem
<snapshot_name_number>.vmem
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Table 4-1. Virtual Machine Files (Continued)

Extension .vmsd .vmsn File Name <vmname>.vmsd <vmname>-Snapshot.vmsn Description Acentralizedfileforstoringinformationand metadataaboutsnapshots. Thesnapshotstatefile,whichstorestherunning stateofavirtualmachineatthetimeyoutakethat snapshot. Thefilethatstoresthestateofasnapshot. Thesuspendedstatefile,whichstoresthestateofa suspendedvirtualmachine. SomeearlierVMwareproductsusedtheextension .stdforsuspendedstatefiles. .vmtm .vmx <vmname>.vmtm <vmname>.vmx Theconfigurationfilecontainingteamdata. Theprimaryconfigurationfile,whichstoressettings chosenintheNewVirtualMachinewizardorvirtual machinesettingseditor.Ifyoucreatedthevirtual machinewithanearlierversionofWorkstationona Linuxhost,thisfilemighthavea.cfgextension. Asupplementalconfigurationfileforvirtual machinesthatareinateam.This.vmxffileremains ifavirtualmachineisremovedfromtheteam.
<vmname>-Snapshot<###>.vmsn .vmss <vmname>.vmss
.vmxf
<vmname>.vmxf
Otherfilesmightbepresentinthedirectory.Somearepresentonlywhileavirtual machineisrunning.SeeLockFilesonpage 236.
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Installing and Using VMware Tools
Thischapterdiscusseshowtoinstall,update,andrunVMwareTools.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

ComponentsofVMwareToolsonpage 97 DownloadandInstallVMwareToolswithSoftwareUpdatesonpage 100 InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101 VMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 113 UninstallVMwareToolsonpage 116 RepairorChangeInstalledModulesinaWindowsGuestonpage 116 OpentheVMwareToolsControlPanelonpage 117 ConfigureVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuestonpage 121 CustomizationstoVMwareToolsonpage 123 UsetheVMwareToolsServiceCommandLineInterfaceonpage 130
Components of VMware Tools

VMwareToolsisasuiteofutilitiesthatenhancestheperformanceofthevirtual machinesguestoperatingsystemandimprovesmanagementofthevirtualmachine. AlthoughtheguestoperatingsystemcanrunwithoutVMwareTools,youlose importantfunctionalityandconvenience. VMwareToolsincludesthefollowingcomponents:

VMwareToolsservice VMwaredevicedrivers VMwareuserprocess VMwareToolscontrolpanel

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VMware Tools Service

Theprogramfileiscalledvmtoolsd.exeonWindowsguestoperatingsystemsand vmtoolsdonLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests. Thisservicestartswhentheguestoperatingsystembootsandperformsvariousduties withintheguestoperatingsystem:

Passesmessagesfromthehostoperatingsystemtotheguestoperatingsystem. Executescommandsintheoperatingsystemtocleanlyshutdownorrestarta Linux,FreeBSD,orSolarissystemwhenyouselectpoweroperationsin Workstation. OnWindowsguests,allowsthemousecursortomovefreelybetweentheguest andhostoperatingsystems. OnWindowsguests,matchestheguestsscreenresolutiontothehostsscreen resolutionandthereverse. Synchronizesthetimeintheguestoperatingsystemwiththetimeinthehost operatingsystem. Runsscriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperations.Thescriptsrun whenthevirtualmachinespowerstatechanges.
TheVMwareToolsserviceisnotinstalledonNetWareoperatingsystems.Instead,the vmwtoolprogramisinstalled.ItsynchronizestimeandallowsyoutoturntheCPU idleronoroff.
VMware Device Drivers

Thesedevicedriversinclude:
SVGAdisplaydriverthatprovideshighdisplayresolutionandsignificantlyfaster overallgraphicsperformance. Anaudiodriverthatisrequiredforall64bitWindowsguestsand32bitWindows Server2003,WindowsServer2008,WindowsVista,andWindows7guests. VMXNetnetworkingdriversforsomeguestoperatingsystems. BusLogicSCSIdriverforsomeguestoperatingsystems. VMwaremousedriver. Akernelmoduleforhandlingsharedfolders,calledhgfs.sysonWindowsand .vmhgfsonLinuxandSolaris.
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Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools
TheVirtualMachineCommunicationInterface(VMCI)driverforcreating clientserverapplicationsthatareoptimizedforfastandefficientcommunication betweenvirtualmachines. AparavirtualSCSIdriverforPVSCSIadapters,whichenhancetheperformanceof somevirtualizedapplications.
VMware User Process

TheprogramfileiscalledVMwareUser.exeonWindowsguestsandvmware-useron Linux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests.OnNetWareguests,thevmwtoolprogramis installedinsteadofvmware-user. TheVMwareuserprocessperformsthefollowingtaskswithintheguestoperating system:
Letsyoucopyandpastetextandfilesbetweenhostoperatingsystemsand Windows,Linux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguestoperatingsystems. LetsyoudraganddropfilesbetweenhostoperatingsystemsandWindows,Linux, Solaris,andFreeBSDguestoperatingsystems. LetsyouusetheUnityfeaturewithWindowsandLinuxguests. OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests,grabsandreleasesthemousecursorwhen theSVGAdriverisnotinstalled. OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests,matchestheguestsscreenresolutiontothe hosts.
ThisprocessstartswhenyoubeginanX11session.Touseadifferentmechanismto starttheprocess,seeStarttheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUsea SessionManageronpage 112. OnNetWareoperatingsystems,thevmwtoolprogramcontrolsthegrabbingand releasingofthemousecursor.Italsoletsyoucopyandpastetext.Youcannotdragand droporcopyandpastefilesbetweenhostsandNetWareguestoperatingsystems.
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VMware Tools Control Panel

TheVMwareToolscontrolpanelletsyoumodifysettings,shrinkvirtualdisks,and connectanddisconnectvirtualdevices.SeeOpentheVMwareToolsControlPanel onpage 117.
Download and Install VMware Tools with Software Updates

ComponentSoftwareupdatesensurethatyoursystemincludesthelatestsupportfor guestoperatingsystems.OnWorkstation7.xandlater,thisfeatureallowsyouto downloadthelatestversionofcomponentssuchasVMwareTools. UndertheSoftwareupdatessection,youcandownloadallcomponents,setSoftware updateoptions,andconfigureproxyoptionstoaccesstheVMwareUpdateServerfrom theUpdatestabintheWorkstationPreferencesmenu.Todownloadallcomponentssee DownloadallSoftwareComponentstotheHostonpage 101. Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowingtasks:

EnabletheCheckforsoftwarecomponentsasneededoptionintheUpdatestab. IfyouareusingproxytoaccesstheInternet,configuretheproxysettingsinthe ConnectionSettingsdialogboxtoconnecttotheVMwareUpdateServer. Verifythatyouhavenetworkconnectivity.
To download and install VMware Tools with software updates 1 2 StartWorkstation. Poweronavirtualmachine. Ifanupdateisavailable,youreceiveaprompttodownloadthelatestVMware Tools. 3 SelectamethodtodownloadVMwareTools.
SelectDownloadandInstalltoinstallVMwareToolsnow. ClickHidetominimizetheDownloadsdialogboxintheWorkstationstatus bar.Youcanclickthearrowinthestatusbartoreopenthedialogbox.
SelectRemindMeLatertobypassdownloadingVMwareToolsnowand receiveareminderlater.
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SelectVM>InstallorUpdateVMwareToolsandproceedwiththeinstallation. FormoreinformationoninstallingVMwareToolsonvariousguestoperating systems,seeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101.
Download all Software Components to the Host

YoucandownloadalloftheavailablesoftwarecomponentssuchasVMwareToolsto thehostifyouareplanningtouseavirtualmachineatalatertimewhenyoudonot haveaccesstotheInternet. IfyouinstallaversionofWorkstationwithoutVMwareTools,youmustdownloadand installVMwareToolsfortheVMwareToolsservice,VMwaredevicedrivers,VMware userprocess,andVMwareToolscontrolpaneltofunctionproperly.SeeComponents ofVMwareToolsonpage 97. To download all software components to the host 1 2 3 4 5 StartWorkstation. FromtheWorkstationmenu,selectEdit>Preferences. SelecttheUpdatestabandclickDownloadAllComponentsNowtostartthe download. (Optional)ClickHidetominimizetheDownloadsdialogboxintheWorkstation statusbar.Youcanclickthearrowinthestatusbartoreopenthedialogbox. ClickOKtoclosethePreferencesdialogbox.
Installing VMware Tools

TheinstallersforVMwareToolsarestoredwithWorkstationasISOimagefiles. WorkstationdownloadsthemostrecentversionofthesefilesfromaVMwareWebsite. WhenyouselectVM>InstallVMwareTools,Workstationdetermineswhetherithas downloadedthemostrecentversionoftheISOfileforthespecificoperatingsystem.If Workstationdoesnothavethemostrecentversion,orifWorkstationhasnever downloadedanimagefileforthatoperatingsystem,youarepromptedtodownload thefile. WhenWorkstationhasthemostrecentversionoftheISOimagefile,Workstation temporarilyconnectsthevirtualmachinesfirstvirtualCDROMdrivetothecorrect ISOimagefile.
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Theinstallationprocedurevariesdependingontheoperatingsystem:

InstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuestonpage 102 InstallVMwareToolsinaLinuxGuestonpage 107 InstallVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuestonpage 109 InstallVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuestonpage 110 InstallVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuestonpage 111
Install VMware Tools in a Windows Guest

VMwareToolsissupportedonallWindowsguestoperatingsystemsexceptWindows 3.x.BeforeyouusethemenucommandtoinstallVMwareTools,performthefollowing tasks,asnecessary:

Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. IfyouarerunningWorkstationonaWindowshostandyourvirtualmachinehas onlyoneCDROMdrive,makesuretheCDROMdriveisconfiguredasanIDEor SCSICDROMdrive.ItcannotbeconfiguredasagenericSCSIdevice.Ifnecessary, addanIDEorSCSICDROMdrivetothevirtualmachine.SeeAdding DVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachineonpage 250. MakesurethevirtualCDROMdriveisconfiguredtoautodetectaphysicaldrive. ThistaskisnecessaryifyouconnectedthevirtualmachinesCDdrivetoanISO imagefilewhenyouinstalledtheoperatingsystem.Changetheconnectionfrom theISOimagetoautodetectaphysicaldrive.(Withthevirtualmachinepowered off,chooseVM>Settings>CD/DVD>UsePhysicalDrive>Autodetect.) IftheguestoperatingsystemisaWindowsNT,Windows2000,WindowsXP, WindowsServer2003,WindowsVista,orWindow7operatingsystem,loginasan administrator.AnyusercaninstallVMwareToolsinaWindows 95,Windows98, orWindowsMeguestoperatingsystem.
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To install VMware Tools 1 Onthehost,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemis Update VMwareTools. DependingonwhetherAutorunisenabled,oneofthefollowingoccursinsidethe guestoperatingsystem:
IfAutorunisenabledintheguestoperatingsystem,adialogboxappearsafter afewseconds.Youreceiveaprompttoconfirmwhetheryouwanttoinstall VMwareTools. IfAutorunisnotenabled,thedialogboxdoesnotappearautomatically. Click Start>RunandenterD:\setup\setup.exewhereD:isyourfirst virtualCDROMdrive.
2 3
ClickYestolaunchtheInstallShieldwizard. Followtheonscreeninstructions. OnsomeWindowsoperatingsystems,aftertheSVGAdriverisinstalled,youare promptedtoreboottousethisnewdriver.
Rebootthevirtualmachineifnecessary.
Tochangethedefaultconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMwareToolsControl Panelonpage 117.
Configure the Video Driver on Older Versions of Windows

IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsinavirtualmachinethathasaWindowsNT, WindowsMe,Windows98,orWindows95operatingsystem,youmightneedto configurethevideodrivermanually.WhenyouclickFinishintheVMwareTools installationwizard,amessageappearsindicatingthatVMwareToolsfailedtoinstall theSVGAdriver. ANotebookwindow,theDisplayProperties/Settingsdialogbox,andamessagebox appear,promptingyoutorebootthemachine. To configure the video driver on older versions of Windows 1 Inthemessageboxthatpromptsyoutoreboot,clickNo. IfyouclickYes,afterthevirtualmachinereboots,runtheVMwareToolsinstaller again(chooseVM>ReinstallVMwareTools).SelecttheRepairoption. The RepairoptionallowstheNotebookwindowtoappearagainsothatthe installercanaccesstheSVGAdriver.
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FollowtheinstructionsintheNotebookfile. Theinstructionsarespecifictoeachoperatingsystem.Theyprovidestepsfor selectingtheVMwareSVGAdriver,usuallyintheDisplayProperties/Settings dialogbox,andinstallingitfromtheVMwareToolsISOimage.
TheEnglishversionoftheinstructionsfromtheNotebookfilearereprintedin KnowledgeBasearticle1001819attheVMwareWebsite.
Automate the Installation of VMware Tools in a Windows Guest

IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsinanumberofWindowsvirtualmachines,youcan automateitsinstallation.ThissilentinstallationfeatureusestheMicrosoftWindows Installerruntimeengine. MakesuretheMicrosoftWindowsInstallerruntimeengineversion2.0orhigheris installedintheguestoperatingsystem. Version2.0orhigherisincludedwithnewerversionsofWindows.Ifyouareinstalling VMwareToolsinolderWindowsguestoperatingsystems,checktheversionofthe %WINDIR%\system32\msiexec.exefile. Ifthefileversionisnot2.0orhigher,upgradetheenginebyrunninginstmsiw.exe (instmsia.exeforWindows95orWindows98guests),whichisincludedwiththe VMwareToolsinstaller. FormoreinformationaboutusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,including commandlineoptions,gototheWindowsInstallerpageontheMSDNWebsite. To automate the installation of VMware Tools in a Windows guest 1 MakesurethevirtualmachinesCDROMdriveisconnectedtotheVMwareTools ISOimageandthatitisconfiguredtoconnectwheneveryoupoweronthevirtual machine: a b c d SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings>Hardware>CDROM. IntheDevicestatussection,selecttheConnectatPowerOncheckbox. IntheConnectionsection,selectUseISOimageandbrowsetothe windows.isofile,locatedinthedirectorywhereyouinstalledWorkstation. ClickOK.
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(Optional)Intheguestoperatingsystem,suppresspromptsaboutinstalling unsigneddrivers. IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsfromabetaorreleasecandidateversionof Workstation,youareaskedtoconfirmtheinstallationofunsigneddrivers.Follow thesestepstosuppresstheseconfirmationprompts. ForallWindowssystemsexceptWindowsVistaandWindows7: a b c d OnthevirtualmachinesdesktoporStartmenu,rightclickMyComputerand chooseProperties. ClicktheHardwaretabandclickDriverSigning. IntheDriverSigningOptionsdialogbox,clickIgnoreandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
ForWindowsVista: a b c d OntheStartmenu,rightclickComputerandchooseProperties. SelectAdvancedsystemsettings>Hardware>WindowsUpdateDriver Settings. ClickNevercheckfordriverswhenIconnectadeviceandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
ForWindows7: a b OntheStartmenu,rightclickComputerandchooseProperties. SelectAdvancedsystemsettings>Hardware>DeviceInstallationSettings >No,letmechoosewhattodo>Neverinstalldriversoftwarefrom WindowsUpdate. ClickSaveChanges. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
c d 3
Openacommandpromptandusethefollowingcommandtoinstallsomeorallof theVMwareToolscomponents:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<component>] /qn TRANSFORMS= <path>\1041.msi
Inthiscommand,youcanoptionallyuse REMOVE=<component>ifyoudonot wanttoinstallaparticularcomponent.
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Table 5-1. VMware Tools Component Values

Valid Component Values Toolbox Description VMwareToolscontrolpanelanditsutilities.Excludingthisfeature preventsyoufromusingVMwareToolsintheguestoperating system.VMwaredoesnotrecommendexcludingthisfeature. IncludestheSVGA,mouse,BusLogic,andvmxnetdrivers.

Drivers
SVGAVMwareSVGAdriver.Excludingthisfeaturelimitsthe displaycapabilitiesofyourvirtualmachine. MouseVMwaremousedriver.Excludingthisfeaturedecreases mouseperformanceinyourvirtualmachine. BuslogicVMwareBusLogicdriver.Ifyourvirtualmachineis configuredtousetheLSILogicdriver,youmightwantto removethisfeature. VMXNetVMwareVMXnetnetworkingdriver.
MemCtl
VMwarememorycontroldriver.Usethisdriverifyouplantouse thisvirtualmachinewithVMwareESXServer.Excludingthis featurehindersthememorymanagementcapabilitiesofthevirtual machinerunningonaVMwareESXServersystem. VMwaresharedfoldersdriver.Usethisdriverifyouplantousethis virtualmachinewithVMwareWorkstation.Excludingthisfeature preventsyoufromsharingafolderbetweenyourvirtualmachine andtheWorkstationhost.
Hgfs
Forexample,toinstalleverythingbutthesharedfoldersdriver,typethefollowing onthecommandline:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Hgfs /qn
TheSVGA,Mouse,BusLogic,VMXnet,andMemCtlfeaturesarechildrenofthe Driversfeature.Thismeansthatthefollowingcommandskipsinstallationofthe SVGA,mouse,BusLogic,vmxnet,andMemCtldrivers:

msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Drivers /qn
Toincludeafeature,useitwiththeADDLOCALoption.Toexcludeafeature,useit withtheREMOVEoption.
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Install VMware Tools in a Linux Guest

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a Linux guest 1 Onthehost,selectVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools.Ifthecurrentversionisinstalled,themenuitemisReinstall VMwareTools. 2 3 Ontheguest,loginasroot. IfyourLinuxdistributiondoesnotautomaticallymountCDROMs,mountthe VMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage. a Ifnecessary,createthe/mnt/cdromdirectory:
mkdir /mnt/cdrom
MounttheCDROMdrive. SomeLinuxdistributionsusedifferentdevicenamesororganizethe/dev directorydifferently.IfyourCDROMdriveisnot/dev/cdromorifthemount pointforaCDROMisnot/mnt/cdrom,modifythecommandtoreflectthe conventionsusedbyyourdistribution.

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
Changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp):
cd /tmp
Ifapreviousinstallationexists,deletethepreviousvmware-tools-distrib directory. Thelocationofthisdirectorydependsonwhereyouplaceditduringtheprevious installation.Oftenitisplacedin/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib.
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Uncompresstheinstaller:
tar zxpf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-<x.x.x>-<yyyy>.tar.gz
Thevalue<x.x.x>istheproductversionnumberand<yyyy>isthebuildnumber oftheproductrelease. 7 Ifnecessary,unmounttheCDROMimage. IfyourLinuxdistributionautomaticallymountedtheCDROM,youdonotneed tounmounttheimage.

umount /dev/cdrom
RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller.
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
Respondtothequestionsthecommandlinewizarddisplaysonthescreen.Press Entertoacceptthedefaultvalue.Theconfigurationfile, vmware-config-tools.pl,runsaftertheinstallerfilefinishesrunning. 9 IfyouareupdatingVMwareTools,rebootthevirtualmachineormanuallyreload thepvscsi,vmxnet,andvmxnet3Linuxkernelmodules. Ifyoureloadthemodules,networkingonthevirtualmachineisinterrupted. 10 Enterthefollowingcommandstorestorethenetwork:

/etc/init.d/network stop rmmod vmxnet modprobe vmxnet /etc/init.d/network start
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Logoutoftherootaccount.
exit
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(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 117.
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Install VMware Tools in a Solaris Guest

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a Solaris guest 1 Onthehost,selectVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools.Ifthecurrentversionisinstalled,themenuitemisReinstall VMwareTools. 2 3 Ontheguest,loginasroot. Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage. Usually,theSolarisvolumemanagervoldmountstheCDROMunder /cdrom/vmwaretools.IftheCDROMisnotmounted,restartthevolume managerusingthefollowingcommands:
/etc/init.d/volmgt stop /etc/init.d/volmgt start
Changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp):
cd /tmp
ExtractVMwareTools:
gunzip -c /cdrom/vmwaretools/vmware-solaris-tools.tar.gz | tar xf -
RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller:
Respondtotheconfigurationprompts.PressEntertoacceptthedefaultvalue. 7 Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
8 9
vmware-user
TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 117.
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Install VMware Tools in a FreeBSD Guest

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a FreeBSD guest 1 Onthehost,selectVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools.Ifthecurrentversionisinstalled,themenuitemisReinstall VMwareTools. 2 Makesuretheguestoperatingsystemisrunningintextmode. YoucannotinstallVMwareToolswhileXisrunning. 3 4 Ontheguest,loginasroot. Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
mount /cdrom
SomeFreeBSDdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyourdistribution usesautomounting,skipthisstep. 5 Changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp):

cd /tmp
UntartheVMwareToolstarfile:
tar zxpf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.gz
Ifnecessary,unmounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage:
umount /cdrom
Ifyourdistributionusesautomounting,youdonotneedtounmounttheimage. 8 RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller:
Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
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10 11
vmware-user
InminimalinstallationsoftheFreeBSD4.5guestoperatingsystem,sometimes VMwareToolsdoesnotstart. TochangethedefaultVMwareToolsconfigurationoptions,seeOpentheVMware ToolsControlPanelonpage 117.
Install VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguestoperating systemisrunning. To install VMware Tools in a NetWare guest 1 Onthehost,selectVM>InstallVMwareTools. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,themenuitemisUpdate VMwareTools.Ifthecurrentversionisinstalled,themenuitemisReinstall VMwareTools. 2 Ontheguest,loadtheCDROMdriversotheCDROMdevicemountsthe ISO imageasavolumebydoingoneofthefollowing:
ForaNetWare6.5virtualmachineinthesystemconsole,enter:
LOAD CDDVD
ForaNetWare6.0orNetWare5.1virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole, enter:
LOAD CD9660.NSS
ForaNetWare4.2virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole,enter:
load cdrom
MounttheVMwareToolsCDROMimagebyentering:
cd mount vmwtools
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Inthesystemconsole,enteroneofthefollowing:
ForNetWare5.1,6.0,or6.5:
vmwtools:\setup.ncf
ForNetWare4.2:
vmwtools:\setup
Whentheinstallationfinishes,themessageVMware Tools for NetWare are now runningappearsintheLoggerScreen(NetWare6.5andNetWare6.0guests)orthe ConsoleScreen(NetWare4.2and5.1guests). 4 IfyouhaveaNetWare4.2guest,restarttheguestoperatingsystem,asfollows: a Toshutdownthesystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
down
Torestarttheguestoperatingsystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
restart server
MakesuretheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage(netware.iso)isnot attachedtothevirtualmachine. Ifitisattached,disconnectit.RightclicktheCDROMiconinthestatusbarofthe consolewindowandchooseDisconnect.
Start the VMware User Process Manually If You Do Not Use a Session Manager
OneoftheexecutablesusedbyVMwareToolsinLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguestsis vmware-user.This programimplementsthefitguesttowindowfeatureandUnity mode,amongotherfeatures. Normally,vmware-userisstartedautomaticallyafteryouconfigureVMwareTools andthenlogoutofthedesktopenvironmentandlogbackin.Youmuststartthe vmware-userprocessmanuallyinthefollowingenvironments:
IfyourunanXsessionwithoutasessionmanager(forexample,byusingstartx andgettingadesktopandnotusingxdm,kdm,orgdm). IfyouareusingcertainolderversionsofGNOMEwithoutgdmorxdm. Ifyouareusinganysessionmanagerorenvironmentthatdoesnotsupportthe DesktopApplicationAutostartSpecification,availablefrom http://standards.freedesktop.org.
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To start the VMware User process manually if you do not use a session manager Dooneofthefollowing:
Tohavevmware-userstartwhenyoustartanXsession,addvmware-usertothe appropriateXstartupscript,suchasthe.xsessionor.xinitrcfile. Thevmware-userprogramislocatedinthedirectorywhereyouselectedtoinstall binaryprograms,whichdefaultsto/usr/bin.Thestartupscriptthatneedstobe modifieddependsonyourparticularsystem.
Tostartvmware-userafteraVMwareToolssoftwareupdateorifyounotice certainfeaturesarenotworking,openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowing command:

vmware-user
VMware Tools Update Process

WorkstationchecksforVMwareToolsupdateswhenyoupoweronavirtualmachine. Ifanewerversionisavailable,theSoftwareUpdatesdialogboxpromptsyouto downloadthelatestVMwareTools.SeeDownloadandInstallVMwareToolswith SoftwareUpdatesonpage 100. WhenyouupdatefromaversionofVMwareToolsincludedwithWorkstation4.x,5.x and6.x,thepreviousversionofVMwareToolsmightbeuninstalled. ForVMwareToolsupdatesonLinuxandWindowsguests,youcansettheguestto updateautomatically,oryoucanperformamanualupdate.Onotherguests,youmust manuallyupdate. WhenyouupdateVMwareTools,anychangesyoumadetothedefaultscriptsare overwritten.Anycustomscriptsyoucreatedremainuntouched,butdonotbenefit fromanyunderlyingchangesthatenhancethedefaultscripts.
How Automatic Updates Occur

OnWindowsandLinuxguestsystems,youcansetVMwareToolstoupdateitselfwhen thevirtualmachineispoweredon.ThestatusbardisplaysthemessageInstalling VMware Tools ...whenanupdateisinprogress.Aftertheupdateiscomplete,ifyou areloggedintoaWindowsguest,arestartpromptappearsfor30seconds.Ifyouare notloggedin,theoperatingsystemrestartswithoutprompting.
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Anautoupdatecheckisperformedaspartofthebootsequencewhenyoupowerona virtualmachine.Ifthevirtualmachinewassuspendedandyouresumeitorrestoreit toasnapshotduringthebootsequencebeforethischeckoccurs,theautomaticupdate occursasplanned. Ifyouresumethevirtualmachineorrestoreittoasnapshotaftertheautoupdatecheck occurs,theautomaticupdatedoesnotoccur. Formoreinformationaboutautomaticupdates,seeUseGlobalSettingstoUpdate VMwareToolsAutomaticallyonpage 114andSetVMwareToolsUpdateOptionsfor EachVirtualMachineonpage 115.
How You Are Notified to Do a Manual Update

OnWindowsandLinuxguests,youcanspecifythatyouwanttodomanualupdates. Onotheroperatingsystems,performingmanualupdatesistheonlyoption. Thestatusbaroftheguestsystemdisplaysamessagewhenanewversionisavailable. Toinstalltheupdate,usethesameprocedurethatyouusedforinstallingVMwareTools thefirsttime.OnLinuxguests,theVMwareUserprocess(vmware-user)doesnot restartfollowinganupdateuntilyoulaunchitmanuallyorlogoutofyourwindow managerandloginagain. OnWindows,youcanalternativelyopentheVMwareToolscontrolpanel(doubleclick theVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbar),andontheOptionstab, clickUpdate.
Use Global Settings to Update VMware Tools Automatically

ToautomaticallyupdateVMwareToolsformostorallWindowsorLinuxguestswhen thevirtualmachinestarts,configuretheglobalpreferencefirstandthenconfigurethe pervirtualmachineupdateoptiontousethatglobalpreference. Beforeyoubegin,ifyouuseaLinuxhost,becomerootbeforestartingWorkstation.On Linuxsystems,nonrootusersarenotallowedtomodifythepreferencesettingfor VMwareToolsupdates. To use global settings to update VMware Tools automatically 1 2 StartWorkstation. SelectEdit>PreferencesandclicktheUpdatestab.
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3 4
UndertheVMwareToolsupdatessection,selectthecheckboxandclickOK. Foreachofyourvirtualmachines,dothefollowing: a b c d Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectTools. Verifythatthevirtualmachineissettousetheglobalpreferenceandclick OK.
Set VMware Tools Update Options for Each Virtual Machine

UsethisproceduretooverrideglobalsettingsforautomaticallyupdatingVMware ToolsonLinuxandWindowsguests. AutomaticupdatesworkforversionsofVMwareToolsincludedinWorkstation5.5and higher(build29772andabove).Automaticupdatesdonotworkforversionsof VMwareToolsincludedinvirtualmachinescreatedwithVMwareServer1.x. To set VMware Tools update options for each virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelecttheLinuxorWindowsvirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectTools. SelectanupdateoptionandclickOK. Toinstalltheupdate,usethesameprocedurethatyouusedforinstallingVMware Toolsthefirsttime.Fortheplatformspecificinstallationinstructions,see InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101.
Update VMware Tools in Older Windows Virtual Machines

WhenaMicrosoftinstallerperformsanupdate,itupdatesonlythecomponentsthatit findsalreadyinstalled.Itdoesnotaddnewcomponents.IfyouupdateVMwareTools inaWindowsvirtualmachinethatwascreatedwithWorkstation4or5.x,somenew componentsarenotinstalled.Specifically,theWorkstation6.xandhighercomponent forfilesharinganddragginganddroppingfilesisnotinstalled. Togetthenewcomponents,youmustuninstalltheoldversionofVMwareToolsand installthenewversionofVMwareTools.
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To update VMware Tools in older Windows virtual machines 1 2 TouninstalltheoldversionofVMwareTools,usetheAdd/RemoveProgramsitem intheguestsControlPanel. ToinstallthenewversionofVMwareTools,seeInstallingVMwareToolson page 101.
Uninstall VMware Tools

Occasionally,anupdateofVMwareToolsisincomplete.Youcanusuallysolvethe problembyuninstallingVMwareToolsandthenreinstalling. To uninstall VMware Tools Dependingontheguestoperatingsystem,dooneofthefollowing:
OnmostWindowsguests,loginasanAdministratoruserusetheguestoperating systemsAdd/RemoveProgramsitemtoremoveVMwareTools. OnWindowsVista,Windows7,andServer2008guests,usetheguestoperating systemsPrograms and Features>UninstallaprogramitemtoremoveVMware Tools.
OnLinux,Solaris,FreeBSD,andNetWareguests,loginasrootandenterthe followingcommand:
vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
OnaLinuxguestwhereVMwareToolswasinstalledbyusinganRPMinstaller, loginasrootandenterthefollowingcommand:
rpm -e VMwareTools
Workstation4,5,and6includedRPMandtarinstallersforVMwareTools. Workstation7andlaterreleasesincludeonlytarinstallers.
Repair or Change Installed Modules in a Windows Guest

IffeatureslikeenhancedfilesharingdonotworkafteraVMwareToolsupdate,you mightneedtochangeorrepairinstalledmodules.Besuretofollowthesesteps.Donot usetheguestsAdd/RemoveProgramsitemintheWindowsControlPanel.
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To repair or change installed modules 1 2 InWorkstation,selectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>ReinstallVMware Tools. OntheWelcomepage,clickNextanddooneofthefollowing:
ClickRepairtorepairthefiles,registrysettings,andsoonofcomponentsthat arealreadyinstalled. ClickModifytospecifywhichmodulesareinstalled. Occasionally,somenewmodulesarenotinstalledduringanupdate.Youcan manuallyinstallnewmodulesbyusingtheModifyoption.
Completetherestofthepagesofthewizard.
Iffeaturesstilldonotwork,uninstallVMwareToolsandreinstall.
Open the VMware Tools Control Panel

UsetheVMwareToolscontrolpaneltomodifyVMwareToolsconfigurationsettings, shrinkvirtualdisks,andconnectanddisconnectvirtualdevices. Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. OnWindowsVistaandWindows7guests,logintotheoperatingsystemasan Administratoruser. To open the VMware Tools control panel Dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindowsguests,doubleclickVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaof theguestsWindowstaskbar. IfyoucannotfindtheVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationarea,usetheguests WindowsControlPaneltodisplayit.
OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,openaterminalwindowandenterthe followingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware-toolbox
OnNetWareguests,dooneofthefollowing:
InaNetWare5.1orhigherguest,chooseNovell>Settings>VMwareTools forNetWare. InaNetWare4.2guest,useVMwareToolscommandsinthesystemconsole. TheVMwareToolsprogramiscalledvmwtool.

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Use the Windows Control Panel to Display the Taskbar Icon

IfVMwareToolsisinstalledinaWindowsguestoperatingsystembutthe VMware ToolsicondoesnotappearinthenotificationareaoftheWindowstaskbar, youcanusetheWindowsControlPaneltodisplayit. To use the Windows Control Panel to display the taskbar icon 1 2 3 GotoStart>ControlPanel. DoubleclicktheVMwareToolsicon. OntheOptionstab,selectShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbarandclickApply.
Options Tab Settings

TheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesthefollowingoptions:
Timesynchronizationbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehostoperating systemSetsthetimeoftheguestoperatingsystemtobethesameasthetimeof thehostandthenperiodically(everyminute)checkswhethertheguestoperating systemstimematchesthatofthehosts.Ifnot,theclockontheguestis synchronizedtomatchtheclockonthehost. Iftheclockontheguestfallsbehindtheclockonthehost,VMwareToolsmoves theclockontheguestforwardtomatchtheclockonthehost.Iftheclockonthe guestisaheadofthatonthehost,VMwareToolscausestheclockontheguestto runmoreslowlyuntiltheclocksaresynchronized. Ifyouusethisoption,disableallothertimesynchronizationmechanisms.For example,someguestsmighthaveNTPorCMOSclocksynchronizationturnedon bydefault. RegardlessofwhetheryouturnonVMwareToolsperiodictimesynchronization, timesynchronizationoccurswhentheVMwareToolsdaemonisstarted(suchas duringarebootorpoweronoperation),whenresumingavirtualmachinefroma suspendoperation,afterrevertingtoasnapshot,andaftershrinkingadisk.When theoperatingsystemstartsorreboots,andwhenyoufirstturnonperiodictime synchronization,synchronizationcanbeeitherforwardorbackwardintime. For otherevents,synchronizationisforwardintime. Todisabletimesynchronizationcompletely,seeDisableTimeSynchronizationby EditingtheVirtualMachineConfigurationFileonpage 119.
ShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbar(Windowsguestsonly)Displaysthe VMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbar.Theiconindicates whetherVMwareToolsisrunningandwhetheranupdateisavailable.
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Notifyifupdateisavailable(Windowsguestsonly)DisplaystheVMwareTools iconwithayellowcautioniconwhenanupdateisavailable. Updatebutton(Windowsguestsonly)Becomesenabledwhenanupdateis available.ClickingthisbuttonhasthesameeffectaschoosingVM>Update VMwareToolsfromtheWorkstationmenubar.
Disable Time Synchronization by Editing the Virtual Machine Configuration File

Avirtualmachineoccasionallysynchronizestimewiththehostevenifyouusethe VMwareToolscontrolpanel(Optionstab)todisableperiodictimesynchronization. Youcandisabletimesynchronizationcompletelybyeditingthevirtualmachine configurationfile. Youcanfollowthesestepstokeepafictitioustimeinyourguest,sothattheguestis neversynchronizedwiththehost. To disable time synchronization by editing the virtual machine configuration file 1 2 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmx)inatexteditorandsetthe followingoptionstoFALSE. Table 5-2. Time Synchronization Options
Option Name tools.syncTime time.synchronize.continue time.synchronize.restore time.synchronize.resume.disk time.synchronize.shrink time.synchronize.tools.startup Synchronization Occurs During the Following Event Periodically(normallyonceperminute). Time synchronizationisonlyforwardintime. Takingasnapshot.Timesynchronizationisonly forwardintime. Revertingtoasnapshot.Timesynchronization isonlyforwardintime. Resumingasuspendedvirtualmachine. Time synchronizationisonlyforwardintime. Shrinkingavirtualdisk.Timesynchronization isonlyforwardintime. Bootingtheguestoperatingsystem. Time synchronizationcanbeeitherforwardor backwardintime.
Saveandclosethefile.
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Devices Tab Settings

TheDevicestaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforenablingand connectingtoremovabledevicessuchasfloppydrives,DVD/CDROMdrives, ISO images,USBdevices,soundcards,andnetworkadapters.Bydefault,floppydrive isnotconnectedwhenthevirtualmachinepowerson. Thecontrolsforconnectinganddisconnectingdevicesmightnotbeavailable, dependingonwhetheryoursystemadministratorenabledthem. Youmightnotseeaparticularnetworkadapterlistedthatshouldappearinthelist. If thishappens,editthevirtualmachinesettingstoremoveallnetworkadaptersfrom thelistandthenaddthembacktothelist. BesidesusingtheVMwareToolscontrolpaneltoconnectordisconnectadevice,you canrightclickthedeviceiconinthestatusbarofthevirtualmachinewindow.SeeUse RemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 180.
Scripts Tab Settings

FromtheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,youcanedit,disable,orrun scriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperationswhenyouchangethe virtualmachinespowerstate. Fromthistab,youcanalsospecifythelocationofcustomscriptsfortheSuspend, Resume,PowerOn,PowerOff,andResetbuttons.OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSD guests,youmustbeloggedinasroottousethistab. Onmostguestoperatingsystems,ifVMwareToolsisinstalledandifyouconfigurea virtualmachinespowercontrolstousetheguestoptions,oneormoredefaultscripts runontheguestwheneveryouchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine. Forexample,ifyouusethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(chooseVM>Settings> Options>Power)andsetthePowerOffcontroltouseShutdownGuest,thenthe poweroff-vm-defaultscriptrunswhenyouclickthePowerOffbuttoninthe Workstationtoolbar.Thisscriptcausestheguestoperatingsystemtoshutdown gracefully. Scriptscanberunonmostguestoperatingsystems,butnotonWindows95and NetWareguests.SeeRunorDisableaScriptonpage 126.
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Shrink Tab Settings

TheShrinktaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforreclaiming unusedspaceinavirtualdisk.Ifyourvirtualmachinecannotbeshrunk,thistab displaysinformationexplainingwhyyoucannotshrinkyourvirtualdisks. Shrinkingadiskisatwostepprocess:apreparationstepandtheshrinkstep.Inthefirst step,VMwareToolsreclaimsallunusedportionsofdiskpartitions(suchasdeleted files)andpreparesthemforshrinking.Thissteptakesplaceintheguestoperating system. Theshrinkprocessisthesecondstep,andittakesplaceoutsidethevirtualmachine. TheVMwareapplicationreducesthesizeofthediskbasedonthediskspacereclaimed duringthepreparationstep.Ifthediskhasemptyspace,thisprocessreducesthe amountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehostdrive.SeeCompactaVirtual Diskonpage 240. OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests,runVMwareToolsastherootusertoshrink virtualdisks.Ifyoushrinkthevirtualdiskasanonrootuser,youcannotprepareto shrinkthepartsofthevirtualdiskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions.
About Tab
TheAbouttabdisplaysversion(buildnumber)andcopyrightinformation. In Windowsguests,thistabalsoshowsthestatusoftheVMwareToolsservice.
Configure VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest

InaNetWarevirtualmachine,usingthesystemconsole,youcanconfigurecertain virtualmachineoptionssuchastimesynchronization,CPUidling,anddevice configurationwithVMwareTools.TheVMwareToolscommandlineprogramiscalled vmwtool. To configure VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest 1 2 Openaterminalwindow(systemconsole)intheNetWareguest. Enteracommandthatusesthefollowingformat:
vmwtool <command>
<command>isoneofthecommandslistedinTable 53.
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Table 5-3. vmwtool Commands

vmwtool Command help partitonlist shrink [<partition>] Description DisplaysasummaryofVMwareToolscommandsand optionsinaNetWareguest. Displaysalistofalldiskpartitionsinthevirtualdisk andwhetherornotapartitioncanbeshrunk. Shrinksthelistedpartitions.Ifnopartitionsare specified,allpartitionsinthevirtualdiskareshrunk. Thestatusoftheshrinkprocessappearsatthebottom ofthesystemconsole. devicelist Listseachremovabledeviceinthevirtualmachine,its deviceID,andwhetherthedeviceisenabledor disabled.Removabledevicesincludethevirtual networkadapter,CDROM,andfloppydrives.By default,floppydriveisnotconnectedwhenthevirtual machinepowerson. Disablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovabledevices inthevirtualmachinearedisabled. Enablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovabledevices inthevirtualmachineareenabled. Letsyouturnonoroffsynchronizationoftimeinthe guestoperatingsystemwithtimeonthehostoperating system.By default,timesynchronizationisturnedoff. Usethiscommandwithoutanyoptionstoviewthe currenttimesynchronizationstatus. idle [on|off] LetsyouturntheCPUidleronoroff.Bydefault,the idleristurnedon.TheCPUidlerprogramisincluded inVMwareToolsforNetWareguests. TheidlerprogramisneededbecauseNetWareservers donotidletheCPUwhentheoperatingsystemisidle. Asaresult,avirtualmachinetakesCPUtimefromthe hostregardlessofwhethertheNetWareserver softwareisidleorbusy.
disabledevice [<device name>] enabledevice [<device name>] synctime [on|off]
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Customizations to VMware Tools

Customizationsincludemodifyingorwritingscriptsthatrunwhenavirtualmachines powerstatechanges,executingcommandswhenyoushutdownorrestartaLinux, Solaris,orFreeBSDguest,andpassingcommandsinstringsthatruninstartupscripts.
How VMware Tools Scripts Affect Power States

WhenVMwareToolsisinstalled,ifyouconfigureavirtualmachinespowercontrolsto usetheguest,orsoft,poweroptions,oneormoredefaultscriptsrunontheguest wheneveryouchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.Youchangethepower statebyusingmenucommandsorbyclickingtheSuspend,Resume,PowerOn,and PowerOffbuttons. Whatthedefaultscriptsdodependsinpartontheguestoperatingsystem:
OnmostMicrosoftWindowsguests,exceptWindowsNTandWindowsMe,the defaultscriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtualmachinereleasestheIP addressofthevirtualmachine.Thedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyouresumea virtualmachinerenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine(thisaffectsonly virtualmachinesconfiguredtouseDHCP).ScriptscannotberunonWindows95 guests. InWindowsguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Toolsfolder.
OnmostLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests,thedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyou suspendavirtualmachinestopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.Thedefault scriptexecutedwhenyouresumeavirtualmachinestartsnetworkingforthe virtualmachine.ScriptscannotberunonNetWareandFreeBSDguests. OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe /etc/vmware-toolsdirectory.
Youcancreateyourownscriptsandusetheminsteadofthedefaultscriptsshownin Table 54.
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Table 5-4. Default VMware Tools Scripts

Script Name poweroff-vm-default Description Ifyouconfiguredthepoweroffoperationtoshutdowntheguest, thisscriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredoff. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingreset. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. poweron-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredonrather thanresumed. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runsaftervirtualmachinerestarts. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. resume-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,orthe resetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscriptrunswhenthevirtual machineisresumedafteritwassuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptrenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstartsnetworking forthevirtualmachine. suspend-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthesuspendoperationtosuspendtheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingsuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptreleasestheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstopsnetworking forthevirtualmachine.
Create Scripts to Override Default VMware Tools Scripts

YoucancreateyourownscriptstooverridethedefaultVMwareToolsscriptsthat controlpowerstatechanges. ScriptsarerunbytheVMwareToolsdaemon(vmtoolsd.exe onWindowsand vmtoolsdonLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSD).BecausevmtoolsdisrunasrootonLinux, Solaris,andFreeBSDandasSystemonWindows,thescriptsareruninaseparate sessionfromtheloggedinuserssession.TheVMwareToolsdaemonhasno knowledgeofdesktopsessions,whichmeansthatitcannotdisplaygraphical applications.Donotattempttousecustomscriptstodisplaygraphicalapplications.
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Beforecreatingcustomscripts,makesurethatthefollowingconditionsaremetinthe guestoperatingsystem:

ThevirtualmachineisusingthelatestversionofVMwareTools. TheVMwareToolsserviceisrunninginthevirtualmachine. Dependingontheoperationthescriptperforms,thevirtualmachinehasavirtual networkadapterconnected.Ifnot,thepoweroperationfails. (Linux,Solaris,andFreeBSDguestsonly)ToeditascriptbyusingtheEditbutton ontheScriptstab,xtermandvimustbeinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem andmustbeinyourPATH.Youmustbearootusertoeditthescript.
To create scripts to override default VMware Tools scripts 1 Determinewhetheryouwanttocreateyourcustomscriptbymakingchangesto thedefaultscriptandsavingittoanewlocation. InWindowsguests,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Toolsfolder. OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSD,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe /etc/vmware-toolsdirectory. 2 Modifythedefaultscriptandsaveitwithadifferentnameorwriteadifferent script. OnWindowsguests,ifyouwriteanewscript,createthescriptasabatchfile. For Linux,Solaris,andFreeBSD,createthescriptinanyexecutableformat(suchas shellorPerlscripts). YoucanalsousetheEditbuttonontheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrol paneltoeditacustomscript.Youcanalsoeditscriptsmanuallyusinganytext editor. 3 Associateeachcustomscriptwithitsparticularpoweroperation: a b c OntheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheappropriate scriptevent. SelecttheUseScriptcheckbox,selectCustomscript,andusetheBrowse buttontopointtothescriptyouwanttouse. ClickOK.
WhenyoureinstallVMwareToolsafteryouupdatetheWorkstationsoftware,any changesyoumadetothedefaultscriptsareoverwritten.Anycustomscriptsyou createdremainuntouched,butdonotbenefitfromanyunderlyingchangesthat enhancethedefaultscripts.

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Run or Disable a Script

Ifyouarecreatingacustomscript,runthescriptbeforeassociatingitwithapower operation. To run or disable a script 1 2 OntheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,selecttheappropriatescript event. Dooneofthefollowing:
Todisablethescript,cleartheUseScriptcheckboxandclickOK. Defaultscriptsforsuspendingandresumingworktogether.Ifyoudisablethe scriptofoneoftheseactions,disablethescriptfortheotheractionaswell.
Torunascriptimmediately,clickRunNow. YoucansuccessfullyrunascriptbyclickingtheRunNowbuttoninthe VMwareToolscontrolpanel,butthissamescriptcanfailwhenrunaspartof aWorkstationpoweroperation.ThisisbecausescriptsrunbyclickingRun Nowarerunastheloggedinuserandhaveadifferentworkingdirectorythan whenscriptsarerunbytheVMwareToolsdaemonduringapower operation.
Execute Commands After You Power Off or Reset a Virtual Machine

InaLinux,Solaris,orFreeBSDguest,youcanusetheVMwareToolsservicetoexecute specificcommandswhenyoushutdownorrestarttheguestoperatingsystem.Thisis inadditiontoanyscriptthatyouspecifiedtorunwhenyoushutdowntheguest operatingsystem. 1 Useatexteditortoopenthefollowingfile:
/etc/vmware-tools/tools.conf
Addoneorbothofthefollowingcommandstothefile:
halt-command = <command> <command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyoushutdowntheguest operatingsystem.
reboot-command = <command> <command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyourestarttheguestoperating system.
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Passing a String from the Host to the Guest at Startup

Topassastringfromthehosttotheguestatstartup,youpassthestringfromyour virtualmachinesconfigurationfileinthehosttotheguestoperatingsystemwhenyou poweronthevirtualmachine. YoucanpassitemsliketheWindowssystemID(SID),amachinename,oran IP address.Insidetheguestoperatingsystemstartupscript,youcanhavetheservice retrievethisstring.Thestringcanthenbeusedinanotherscripttosetyourvirtual machinessystemID,machinename,orIPaddress. Usethisstrategy,forexample,tomakecopiesofthesameconfigurationfile,adda differentstringtoeach(eitherintheconfigurationfileitselforatthecommandline), andusethesevariationsofthesameconfigurationfiletolaunchthesamevirtualdisk innonpersistentmodemultipletimesinatrainingortestingenvironment. Passingastringisalsousefulwhenyouwanttodeployvirtualmachinesonanetwork usingacommonconfigurationfilewhileprovidingeachmachinewithitsownunique identity. Youcanpassstringstoavirtualmachinesguestoperatingsysteminoneoftwoways: placingthestringinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileorpassingthestringtothe guestfromthecommandline. Usethisfeatureonlyifyouhaveagoodunderstandingofascriptinglanguage(for example,PerlorNetShell)andknowhowtomodifysystemstartupscripts.
String in a Configuration File

Placeastringinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)bysettingthestring tothemachine.idparameter.Forexample,youcansetthisstring:
machine.id = "Hello World."
Followingisanexampleofportionsoftwoconfigurationfilesthatpointtothesame virtualdisk.Eachconfigurationfilecontainsitsownuniquestringsetforthe machine.idparameter. config_file_1.vmxcontains:

ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_first_vm"
config_file_2.vmxcontains:
ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_second_vm"
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Topreventastringfrombeingpassedfromthehosttotheguestthroughtheservice, setthefollowinglineinyourvirtualmachinesconfigurationfile:
isolation.tools.getMachineID.disable = "TRUE"
String in a Startup Command

Ratherthansettingthemachine.idparameterintheconfigurationfile,youcanpass thestringtotheguestoperatingsystemfromthecommandlinewhenyoupoweron thevirtualmachine.Followingisanexampleofsuchastartupcommand(enteredon oneline):
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware -s 'machine.id=Hello World' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx
Usethismethodtodeployvirtualmachinesonanetworkusingacommon configurationfilewhileprovidingeachmachinewithitsownuniqueidentity. Launcheachvirtualmachinewiththevmware -scommand.Eachvirtualmachinedisk filemustbecopiedintoitsowndirectoryifitsharesitsfilenamewithanothervirtual machinediskfile. OnaLinuxhost,themachineIDpassedonthecommandlinetakesprecedenceandis passedtotheguestoperatingsystemifthefollowingconditionsaremet:
AvirtualmachineIDisspecifiedinthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file whichisusedtoopenthevirtualmachine. YouspecifyamachineIDonthecommandline.
Use a String in a Startup Script to Set a Name and IP Address

ThefollowingexampleusesaWindowshosttoillustratehowyoucanusetheservice toretrieveastringcontainingwhatbecomesthevirtualmachinesmachinenameand IPaddress.Inthisexample,W2KVMisthemachinenameand148.30.16.24isthe IP address.
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To use a string in a startup script to set a name and IP address 1 Definethestringbyusingoneofthefollowingmethods:
Onthehostmachine,addthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachines configurationfile(.vmxfile):
machine.id = "W2K-VM 148.30.16.24"
Openthevirtualmachineusingthisconfigurationfile.
Openthevirtualmachinefromthecommandlinebyenteringthefollowing ononeline:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware -s 'machine.id=W2K-VM 148.30.16.24' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx
Dooneofthefollowingtoretrievethestringinthevirtualmachine:
InaWindowsguest,enterthefollowingcommandtoretrievethestring:
vmtoolsd --cmd machine.id.get
InaLinuxguest,intheoperatingsystemsstartupscript,addthefollowing commandbeforethenetworkstartupsection.Forexample:
/usr/sbin/vmtoolsd --cmd 'machine.id.get'
Thelocationofvmtoolsddependsonthedirectoryyouspecifyatthetimeof installation. 3 Furthercustomizethisstartupscriptsothatitusesthestringtheserviceretrieved duringstartuptosetthevirtualmachinesnetworknametoW2KVMandits IP addressto148.30.16.24. Placethisstringinthescriptbeforethecommandtostartthenetworkservices. IfyoureusingaWindows2000guestoperatingsystem,forexample,youcancall theNetShellutility(netsh)andpassitthecontentsofthestring,whichusesthe stringaccordingly.Thatis,itcansetanewIPaddressforthevirtualmachine,if thatiswhatwaspassedinthestringoriginally.
Passing Information Between the Guest and Another Program

TheVMwareToolsserviceallowsyoutouseVMwareprogrammaticinterfacesto managevirtualmachinesfromyourownindependentprogramsandfromexisting frameworksdevelopedbypartnersandthirdparties. FormoreinformationabouttheVMwareInfrastructureSDK,gototheVMwareAPIs andSDKsDocumentationpageoftheVMwareWebsite.
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Use the VMware Tools Service Command-Line Interface

TheVMwareToolscommandlineinterfaceenablesyoutodothefollowing:
ConfiguretimesynchronizationinyourLinuxguestoperatingsystemwithout runningX. UpgradeanduninstallVMwareTools,determinetheversion,andsoon.
To use the VMware Tools command-line interface 1 Ontheguestoperatingsystem,changedirectoriestothedirectorythatcontainsthe VMwareToolsdaemon. Dependingontheoperatingsystem,thenameanddefaultlocationofthedaemon areasfollows:
OnMicrosoftWindowssystems,thedaemoniscalledvmtoolsd.exeandthe locationis:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\vmtoolsd.exe
OnLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDsystems,thedaemoniscalledvmtoolsd.The locationofvmtoolsddependsonthedirectoryyouspecifyatthetimeof installation.Thedefaultlocationis:

/usr/sbin/vmtoolsd
Toconfigureperiodictimesynchronization,usethevmx.set_optioncommand. Usethefollowingsyntax:
<daemon> --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime <old_val> <new_val>"
<daemon>isvmtoolsdonLinux,Solaris,andFreeBSDsystemsorvmtoolsd.exe onWindowssystems. <old_val>and<new_val>aretheoldandnewvalues,respectively.Use0tomean FALSEand1tomeanTRUE. FollowingisanexampleofsettingtimesynchronizationtoTRUEonaLinuxguest:

./vmtoolsd --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime 0 1"
Thenewsettingiswrittentothetools.syncTimepropertyinthevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Usingthisoptionisequivalenttousingthe timesynchronizationoptionontheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolscontrol panel. 3 Tousecommandsotherthan--cmd,usethe--helpcommandlinecommand.
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Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
Thischapterdescribeshowtoconvertaphysicalmachine,virtualmachine,orsystem imagetoaVMwarevirtualmachine.OnWindowshosts,youcanconvertavirtual machinethatwascreatedbyusingathirdpartyproduct. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

ConversionProcessforImportingfromOtherFormatsonpage 131 VMwareConverterComparedtotheConversionWizardonpage 133 SupportedSourceMachinesonpage 133 SupportedDestinationsonpage 138 ConversionImpactonSettingsonpage 140 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImageonpage 141 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImageonpage 142
Conversion Process for Importing from Other Formats

OnWindowshosts,Workstation7.xincorporatestheConversionwizardfromthe VMwareConverterproduct.UsingtheConversionwizardtoperformaconversionto VMwarevirtualmachinesenablesyoutodothefollowing:
Avoidreinstallingoperatingsystemsandapplicationsforsystemconfigurations youuseoften. Overcomelegacymigrationbarriers.Certainlegacysystemsmightbeimpossible torecreatethroughreinstallation. Convertaphysicalmachineintoavirtualmachine.
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Usevirtualmachinesorsystemimagescreatedwithproductsfromother companiessuchasNorton,Symantec,andStorageCraft. Convertvirtualappliancesthatuseopenvirtualizationformat(OVF).SeeOVFTool UserGuideontheVMwareWebsite.
Workstationprovidesthreewaystoconvertavirtualmachineorsystemimage:
UsingtheFile>Opencommandconvertsandopensavirtualmachineorsystem imagequickly.Workstationusesdefaultsettingstomaketheconversion automatically,withnoinputrequiredfromyou.TheoriginalMicrosoftVirtualPC, SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery,StorageCraftShadowProtect,orAcronis TrueImage(.vmc,.spf,.sv2i,or.tib)fileisunchanged. Forallsupportedfiletypesexcept.ovfand.ovafiles,theFile>Opencommand createsalinkedclonewhenitopensthefile.Ifyouopenavirtualappliancethat uses.ovfor.ovafiles,Workstationcreatesafullclone. Ifyouattempttoopenavirtualmachineorsystemimagethatispassword protected,youarepromptedforthepassword,andWorkstationcreatesafull clone.
UsingtheFile>ImportorExportcommandstartstheConversionwizard.Itlets youspecifytheconvertedvirtualmachineslocation,whetherornottheconverted virtualmachinesharesvirtualdiskswiththeoriginalvirtualmachineorsystem image,andwhichversionsofVMwareproductstheconvertedvirtualmachineis tobecompatiblewith. UsingtheFile>ImportWindowsXPModeVMcommandimportsaWindowsXP ModevirtualmachineonWindows7hosts.SeeImportaWindowsXPMode VirtualMachineonpage 143.
ThewizardcreatesaVMwarevirtualmachinebasedontheinputvirtualmachineor systemimage.ThenewlymigratedVMwarevirtualmachineretainstheconfiguration oftheoriginalvirtualmachineorimage. Themigrationprocesscanbenondestructive,soyoucancontinuetousetheoriginal virtualmachinewithMicrosoftVirtualPC,ortheoriginalsystemimagewithSymantec BackupExecSystemRecovery.However,torunanewVMwarevirtualmachineonthe samenetworkastheoriginalVirtualPCvirtualmachine,youmustmodifythenetwork nameandIPaddressononeofthevirtualmachinessotheoriginalandnewvirtual machinescancoexist. ForMicrosoftVirtualPCandMicrosoftVirtualServervirtualmachines,youhavethe optionofsharingthesourcevirtualharddisk(.vhd)files.ThismeansthattheVMware virtualmachinecanwritedirectlytotheoriginal.vhdfilesinsteadofVMwarevirtual harddisk(.vmdk)files.
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Chapter 6 Creating a Virtual Machine from a System Image or Another Virtual Machine
VMware Converter Compared to the Conversion Wizard

Workstation7.xincorporatestheConversionwizardfromtheVMwareConverter product.VMwareConverterisaseparatedownloadableapplicationforWindowshosts thatprovidesaneasytouse,scalablesolutionformigrationsofmachines,both physicaltovirtualandvirtualtovirtual.InadditiontotheConversionwizard,VMware Converterprovidesataskmanagerthatletsyouschedulemigrationsofmanymachines. TheConversionwizardincludedwithWorkstationletsyoucreateVMwarevirtual machinesfromalocalorremotephysicalmachineorfromvirtualmachinesandsystem imagesthatwereoriginallycreatedbyusingotherproductsthanVMwareproducts. YoucanalsousethewizardtochangeavirtualmachineusingoneVMwareformatto thatusinganother.Forexample,youcancopyaVMwareServervirtualmachineand useittocreateanESXvirtualmachine. TouseotherfeaturesofVMwareConverter,suchasitstaskmanager,ortheabilityto importmorethanonevirtualmachineatatime,downloadtheVMwareConverter.
Supported Source Machines

TheVMwareConversionwizardinWorkstationallowsyoutoimportthefollowing typesofphysicalandvirtualmachines:
Physicalmachines

WindowsServer200332bitand64bit WindowsXPProfessional32bitand64bit WindowsVista32bitand64bit
VMwarevirtualmachines(.vmxand.vmtnfiles)

Workstation4.5,5.x,6.x,and7.x VMwareACE2.x VMwareFusion1.x VMwarePlayer1.x,2.x,and3.x ESXServer3.x ESXServer2.5.x(ifthevirtualmachineismanagedwithVirtualCenter2.x) VMwareServer1.xand2.0.x(ifthevirtualmachineisonthelocalfilesystem) VirtualCenter2.x
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Virtualappliances Appliancesthatuseopenvirtualizationformat(.ovfand.ovafiles)andthatuse VMwarevirtualharddisks(.vmdkfiles).
Othervirtualmachinesandsystemimages

AcronisTrueImage9(.tibfiles) StorageCraftShadowProtect(.spffiles) MicrosoftVirtualPC7.xandhigher(.vmcfiles) AnyversionofMicrosoftVirtualServer(.vmcfiles) SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery(formerlyLiveStateRecovery) 6.5 and7.0,LiveStateRecovery3.0and6.0(.sv2ifiles) NortonGhostimages9.xandhigher(.sv2ifiles)
Forguestoperatingsystemsupportandknownissues,gototheVMwareWebsite, andclicktheSupport&Downloadstab.UnderSupportResources,clickthe CompatibilityGuideslink. NOTEVirtualmachinesfromMacintoshversionsofMicrosoftVirtualPCarenot supported.
Importing from Various Sources

ConsiderthesepointswhenusingtheConversionwizard.
Physical Machine Source

Toimportaremotemachine,youarepromptedtosupplythecomputernameor IP addressandtheusernameandpasswordforloggingintothemachinewith administrativeprivileges.Theusernamemusttaketheform<DOMAIN>\<user_name>. NOTERemotephysicalmachinescannotbeimportedintoanESXcompatibleformat bythewizard.
Microsoft Virtual PC and Virtual Server Virtual Hard Disks

AsofWorkstation7.x,aconvertedvirtualmachinecansharethesourceMicrosoft virtualharddisk(.vhdfiles).ThismeansthattheVMwarevirtualmachinecanwrite directlytotheoriginal.vhdfilesinsteadofVMwarevirtualharddisk(.vmdk)files.
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IfyouselectSharesourcetheconvertedvirtualmachineconsistsofaVMwarevirtual machineconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)andtheoriginal.vhdfile,whichremainsinits originallocation.VMwaremodifiesthe.vhdfile,installingVMwarespecificvideo drivers,devicedriversforvirtualnetworkcards,andsoon.TheVMwarespecific driversreplacetheMicrosoftdrivers.
ShadowProtect and Backup Exec System Recovery Images

YoucanimportShadowProtectandBackupExecSystemRecoveryimages,butkeepthe followinglimitationsinmind:

Dynamicdisksarenotsupported. Allimagesforthebackupofamachineshouldbeinasinglefolder,withnoother imagesplacedthere. Allvolumesinthediskuptotheactiveandsystemvolumesmustbebackedup. Forexample,ifadiskhasfourpartitions,14,withpartition2astheactivevolume andpartition3asthesystemvolume,thebackupmustinclude1through3. Ifitisanincrementalimage,upto16incrementalbackupsaresupported. ForShadowProtect,imagesofsystemswithlogicaldrivesarenotsupportedifthe logicaldriveisalsoasystemoractivevolume.
Appliances That Use Open Virtualization Format

Openvirtualizationformat(OVF)isaplatformneutral,secure,andportableformatfor packaginganddistributingvirtualappliances.AlthoughOVFdoesnotrelyona specificvirtualizationplatform,theConversionwizardsupportsonlyOVFappliances thatuseVMwarevirtualharddisks(.vmdkfiles).SeeOVFToolUserGuideonthe VMwareWebsite. IntheConversionwizard,youcanselect.ovffiles,whicharetheOVFequivalentofa VMwarevirtualmachineconfigurationfile(.vmxfile),oryoucanselect.ovafiles (openvirtualappliancefiles).An.ovafilestorestheconfigurationfileandvirtualhard diskfiletogether,likea.zipfile,foreasydistribution. WhenspecifyingthelocationoftheOVFappliance,youcanbrowsetoadirectoryor useaURLtodownloadtheappliancefromaWebserver.Youcanalsodownloadthe appliancefromasecure(HTTPS)Webserver. NOTEWhenyouuseaURL,thevirtualapplianceisdownloadedbeforetheconversion processstarts.Downloadingcantake15minutesorlonger,dependingonthesizeofthe file.
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TheConversionwizardalwaysmakesafullclonewhenitconvertsanOVFappliance toavirtualmachine.SeeFullorLinkedClonesonpage 137.
Dual-Boot System Source

Whenyouimportaphysicalmachinethatispartofadualbootsystem,youcanimport onlythedefaultoperatingsystemtowhichboot.inipoints.Toimportthenondefault operatingsystem,changeboot.initopointtotheotheroperatingsystemandreboot beforeattemptingtoimport.Evenifboot.inipointstothecorrectoperatingsystem, occasionally,thevirtualmachinemightnotbebootableinthedefaultoperatingsystem.
Windows NT Virtual Machine Source

IfthesourcevirtualmachineisWindowsNTSMP,thewizardmightrequirefilesfrom servicepacksorhotfixes.Thewizardshowswhichfilesitrequires.Youmustbrowse totherequiredfiles.Theycanbeonadisk,yourlocalsystem,orthenetwork. OnWindowsNTmachines,duringtheimportprocess,asnapshotdriveris downloadedtothemachine.Thisdriverhandlesthecopyingandmovingoffilesand registrysettings.Thedriverrequiresareboottocompleteitstasks.Whenitisfinished, thedriverisuninstalled. NOTEAlthoughWindowsNTvirtualmachinesaresupportedasasource, Windows NTphysicalmachinesarenotsupported.
ESX Virtual Machine Source

YoumustsupplythenameoftheESXserverandtheusernameandpasswordfor loggingin.
Password-Protected Virtual Machines

Ifthevirtualmachineyouwanttoimportispasswordprotected,youmustsupplythe password.
About Page Files and Hibernation Files

Youcanimportallthedisksforthephysicalorvirtualmachineor,tosavespace,you canselectsomeofthevolumesandleaveoutothers.Ifyouselectspecificvolumes,you canalsoignorethepageandhibernationfiles.Thesefilesarelargeand,for volumebasedcloning,donotprovideinformationthatyouneedtocopy.
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Supported Volume Types

Sometypesofsourcevolumes,orpartitions,areunsupportedandareskippedduring cloning.Virtualmachineimportingsupportsbasicvolumesandalltypesofdynamic volumesexceptRAID.OnlyMasterBootRecord(MBR)disksaresupported.GUID PartitionTable(GPT)disksarenotsupported.
Disk Space Allocation

AsisthecasewhenyouusetheNewVirtualMachinewizard,youmustspecify whethertoallocateallthespaceatcreationtimeorallowthefilestogrow.Allocating spaceatcreationtimegivesyoubetterperformancebutisatimeconsumingprocess. VMwarerecommendsthatyouallowthedisktogrow. SelecttheoptionSplitdiskinto2GBfilesifyourvirtualdiskisstoredonafilesystem thatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB.
Full or Linked Clones

Ifthesourceisavirtualmachine,youcancreateafullorlinkedclone.OntheVirtual MachinesOptionspageoftheConversionwizard,selectImportandConverttocreate afullclone.SelectSharesourceandstorechangesseparatelytocreatealinkedclone. NOTEForMicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtualServervirtualmachines,youhaveathird option.Insteadofcreatingafullorlinkedclone,youcanhavetheconvertedvirtual machineusetheoriginalMicrosoftvirtualharddisk.Thisoptionmodifiesthesource virtualmachine.SeeMicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtualServerVirtualHardDiskson page 134. LinkedclonescanbecreatedfromVMwarevirtualmachines,SymantecBackupExec SystemRecoveryvirtualmachines(.sv2ifiles),MicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtual Servervirtualmachines,AcronisTrueImage(.tibfiles),andStorageCraftfiles(.spf files).CreatingalinkedcloneofaVMwarevirtualmachinerequiresthatthevirtual hardwareversionofthedestinationmachinenotbehigherthanthehardwareversion ofthesource. CAUTIONForlinkedclones,thevirtualmachinecreatedbythewizardbecomes corruptedifthesourceismodifiedaftertheimport.Thisistrueforlinkedclones importedfromVirtualPCandVirtualServermachinesandfromSymantecbackup images.InthecaseofVirtualPCandVirtualServersourcevirtualmachines,powering themoninVirtualPCorVirtualServermodifiesthem.
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Supported Destinations
TheConversionwizardcancreatevirtualmachinesthatarecompatiblewiththe followingproducts:

Workstation 4.5,5.x,6.x,and7.x VMwareACE 1.x,2.x,and2.6 VMwareFusion 1.x,2.x,and3.0 VMwarePlayer 1.x,2.x,and3.x ESXServer 3.x(Thisdestinationisnotsupportedifyouareimportingaremote physicalmachine.) ESXServer 2.5.x(Thisdestinationissupportedonlybyimportingthrougha VirtualCenter 2.xserverthatmanagesthe2.5.xESXServer.) VMwareServer 1.xand2.0.x(ifthevirtualmachineisonthelocalfilesystem) VirtualCenter 2.x
NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachinesarecompatiblewithVMware GSX Server 3.0, ESX Server 2.x,andACE 1.x.
Designating a Destination for a Virtual Machine

ConsiderthesepointswhenusingtheConversionwizardtospecifyadestinationfora newlycreatedvirtualmachine.
ESX Virtual Machine Destination

YoumustsupplythenameoftheESXserverandtheusernameandpasswordfor loggingin.
VirtualCenter Virtual Machine Destination

Youmustprovidethefollowinginformation:

NameoftheVirtualCenterserverandtheusernameandpasswordforloggingin. NameofthefolderintheVirtualCenterinventorywhereyouwanttostorethe virtualmachine.
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Nameofthehost,cluster,orresourcepoolwithinahostorclusterfromwhichthe virtualmachineistoberun.Ifyouselectaclusterinmanualmode,youmustalso chooseaspecifichost. Nameofthedatastoreforthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfilesanddisks.Use theadvancedsettingtodistributethevirtualmachinesdisksovermultiple datastores.
Network Adapters
Youarepromptedtochoosefromtheavailablenetworksatthedestinationlocation.For moreinformationaboutnetworkingchoicesforvirtualmachinesusedwith WorkstationratherthanESXorVirtualCenter,seeCommonNetworking Configurationsonpage 286.
Optional Guest Operating System Customization

Youcanmakechangestotheidentityofthevirtualmachine(suchascomputername andsecurityID),networkinginformation,andsoonwiththewizard.Forvirtual machinesthatareconvertedtoESXvirtualmachines,youcanhavethewizardinstall VMwareToolsiftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows2000orlater. Youcanmakethefollowingcustomizations:
Computerinformation
ComputernameAlphanumericnameupto63characters.Hyphensand underscoresareallowed. SecurityID(SID)Optionally,generateanewsecurityID. SysprepfilelocationIfthewizardcandetectthelocation,thewizardpage displaysit.Otherwise,youneedtosupplythelocation.
Windowslicensinginformation

ProductIDOptional. WindowsServerlicenseinformationForMicrosoftWindows2000Server and2003Serveronly.
Timezone
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Networkinformation

Networkadapter(interfaces)Resettodefaultormakechanges. DHCPChoosebetweenusingDHCPtoobtainIPaddressesorenteringthem manually.YoucanalsouseDHCPtoobtainaDNSserveraddressorenterit manually. DNSEnterDNSsuffixesandcustomizetheirordertospecifytheorderin whichavirtualmachineusesthemtomakeconnections. WINSSpecifyprimaryandsecondaryWINSaddresses. WorkgroupordomainForworkgroups,specifytheworkgroupname,upto 15characters.Fordomains,specifytheWindowsServerdomain,alongwith theappropriateusernameandpassword.
Conversion Impact on Settings

TheVMwarevirtualmachinecreatedbytheConversionwizardcontainsanexactcopy ofthediskstatefromyoursourcevirtualmachineorsystemimage,withtheexception ofsomehardwaredependentdriversand,sometimes,themappeddriveletters. Thefollowingsettingsfromthesourcecomputerremainidentical:
Operatingsystemconfiguration(computername,securityID,useraccounts, profilesandpreferences,andsoforth) Applicationsanddatafiles Eachdiskpartitionsvolumelicensekey
Becausethetargetandthesourcevirtualmachinesorsystemimageshavethesame identities(name,SID,andsoon),runningbothonthesamenetworkcanresultin conflicts.Ifyouplantoredeploythesourcevirtualmachineorsystemimage,donot runboththesourceandtargetimagesorvirtualmachinesonthesamenetworkatthe sametime. Alternatively,youcanresolvetheduplicateIDproblembyusingadditionaltools,such astheWindowsXPSystemPreparationTool(Sysprep).Forexample,ifyouusethe ConversiontotesttheviabilityofrunningaVirtual PCvirtualmachineasaVMware virtualmachinewithoutfirstdecommissioningtheoriginalVirtual PCmachine,you needtoresolvetheduplicateIDproblem.
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Migration Issues Caused by Hardware Changes

MostmigratedapplicationsfunctioncorrectlyintheVMwarevirtualmachinebecause theirconfigurationanddatafileshavethesamelocationasthesourcevirtualmachine. However,applicationsmightnotworkiftheydependonspecificcharacteristicsofthe underlyinghardwaresuchastheserialnumberorthedevicemanufacturer. Whentroubleshootingaftervirtualmachinemigration,considerthefollowing potentialhardwarechanges:
TheCPUmodelandserialnumbers(ifactivated)canbedifferentafterthe migration.TheycorrespondtothephysicalcomputerhostingtheVMwarevirtual machine. Thenetworkadaptercanbedifferent(AMDPCNetorVMXnet)withadifferent MACaddress.EachinterfacesIPaddressmustbeindividuallyreconfigured. Thegraphicscardcanbedifferent(VMwareSVGAcard). Thenumbersofdisksandpartitionsarethesame,buteachdiskdevicecanhavea differentmodelanddifferentmanufacturerstrings. Theprimarydiskcontrollerscanbedifferentfromthesourcemachines controllers. Applicationsmightnotworkiftheydependondevicesthatarenotavailablefrom withinavirtualmachine.
Open a Third-Party Virtual Machine or System Image

TheFile>Opencommandletsyouconvertavirtualappliance,systemimage,or virtualmachinecreatedwithsoftwarefromanothercompanyintoaVMwarevirtual machine. To open a third-party virtual machine or system image 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>Open. IntheFilenamefield,browsetoandopentheconfiguration(.vmx,.vmc,.spf, .ovf,.ova,or.sv2i)fileforthevirtualappliance,virtualmachine,orsystem imagetoconvert. YoucanusethefieldFilesoftypetofilterthefilesdisplayedbyfileextension.
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ClickOpen. WorkstationcreatesaVMwarevirtualmachine,withaVMwareconfigurationfile (.vmx)fortheconvertedvirtualmachineorsystemimage.Theconvertedvirtual machinelinkstothevirtualdisksoftheoriginalvirtualmachineorsystemimage unlessthesourceusesopenvirtualizationformat(.ovfor.ovafiles).Theoriginal VirtualPC,SymantecBackupExecSystemRecovery,orStorageCraft configuration(.vmc,.spf,or.sv2i)fileisunchanged. Ifyouopenavirtualappliancethatuses.ovfor.ovafiles,Workstationcreatesa fullclone. Ifyouattempttoopenavirtualmachineorsystemimagethatispassword protected,youarepromptedforthepassword,andWorkstationcreatesafull clone.
Import a Virtual Machine, Virtual Appliance, or System Image

TheFile>ImportorExportcommandenablesyoutoconvertasystemimageorvirtual machineintoaVMwarevirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,reviewtherestrictionsandrequirementsforsourceanddestination virtualmachines.SeeSupportedSourceMachinesonpage 133andSupported Destinationsonpage 138. To import a virtual machine, virtual appliance, or system image 1 2 3 Ifyouareimportingavirtualmachine,makesurethevirtualmachineispowered off. ChooseFile>ImportorExporttolaunchtheVMwareConversionwizard. Completethewizardpages. Thetextonthewizardpageschanges,dependingontheselectionsyoumake. For example,ontheSourceTypepage,whenyouselectasourcetypefromthe dropdownlist,thetextbelowthelistchangestodescribewhichtypesofvirtual machinesareincludedinthatsourcetype. Asyouproceedthroughthewizard,thenavigationpaneontheleftsideofthe wizardhelpstrackyourprogress. Wheneveryoustartanewphaseorstep,alistexpandstodisplaythenamesofthe wizardpagesincludedinthatstep.Whenyoucompleteanentirestep,thenext stepexpands. 4
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(Optional)Togobacktoapreviouspage,clickitsnameinthenavigationpane.
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Import a Windows XP Mode Virtual Machine

WhenyouimportaWindowsXPModevirtualmachine,Workstationcreatesalinked clonefromtheparentvirtualmachine.Youcannotusethelinkedcloneifyoudeletethe parentWindowsXPModevirtualmachine. Formoreinformationoncloning,seeCloningaVirtualMachineonpage 219. ChangesmadetotheoriginalWindowsXPModevirtualmachinethroughVirtualPC donotaffectthevirtualmachineimportedinVMwareWorkstation.Beforeyoubegin toimportaWindowsXPModevirtualmachine,completethefollowingtasks:
Reviewtherestrictionsandrequirementsforsourceanddestinationvirtual machinesandimportingfromdifferentsources.SeeSupportedSourceMachines onpage 133andSupportedDestinationsonpage 138. VerifythatyouhaveaWindows7Professional,Enterprise,orUltimateversionof operatingsystemrunningonyourhost.WindowsXPModedoesnotworkon unsupportedhosts. DownloadandinstalltheWindowsXPModevirtualmachine.
To import a Windows XP Mode virtual machine SelectFile>ImportWindowsXPModeVM. Avirtualmachineiscreatedinthedefaultvirtualmachinedirectory.Youcanpoweron onlyoneWindowsXPModevirtualmachineatatime.
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Getting Started with Virtual Machines
Afteryoucreateavirtualmachineyoucanconfigureseveralsettingssuchasdisplay settings,removabledevices,printers,video,andsound.Thischapterincludesthe followingtopics:

StartingaVirtualMachineonpage 146 ShutDownaVirtualMachineonpage 149 UsingAutologoninaWindowsGuestonpage 151 PausingaVirtualMachineonpage 152 EncryptingaVirtualMachineonpage 154 DeleteaVirtualMachineonpage 156 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplayonpage 156 ConfiguringVideoandSoundonpage 171 InstallNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachineonpage 178 UseHostPrintersinaVirtualMachineonpage 179 UseRemovableDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 180 ConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 181 CreateaScreenshotofaVirtualMachineonpage 182 CreateandPlayBackaMovieofaVirtualMachineonpage 183 AdvancedOptionsforApplicationDevelopersonpage 185
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Starting a Virtual Machine

Startingavirtualmachinemeansdisplayingitsrunningconsolesothatyoucaninteract withit.Dependingonthesituation,startingavirtualmachinecaninvolveanyofthe following:
TostartavirtualmachinefromtheWorkstationuserinterface,youmustopenthe virtualmachineandpoweriton. TostartavirtualmachinethatisrunninginthebackgroundwhenWorkstationis notrunning,youmustopenitsconsolefromthetaskbaronthehost. TostartavirtualmachinethatisavailablefromaWebserver,youmustusea commandlinecommandtobeginstreamingthevirtualmachineandthenstartit fromtheWorkstationwindow. Tostartavirtualmachinefromthecommandline,youmustusethe platformspecificprogramandstartupoptions.SeeStartupOptionsfor WorkstationandVirtualMachinesonpage 485.
Start a Virtual Machine from the Workstation User Interface

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatallofthevirtualmachinefilesareaccessibletothehost whereWorkstationisinstalled. YoucanaddthenameofthevirtualmachinetotheFavoriteslistsothatyoudonot needtobrowsetothefiletoopenthevirtualmachine.SeeFavoritesListinthe Sidebaronpage 57. To start a virtual machine from the Workstation user interface 1 StartWorkstation. Forinstructions,seeStartWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 47. 2 ChooseFile>Openandbrowsetotheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthevirtual machine. SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 149. 3 4 ChooseVM>Power>PowerOn. (Optional)IfyouneedtoentertheBIOSsetupfortheguestoperatingsystem, chooseVM >Power>PowerOntoBIOS.
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Chapter 7 Getting Started with Virtual Machines
5 6
Clickanywhereinsidethevirtualmachineconsoletogivethevirtualmachine controlofyourmouseandkeyboard. Tologontotheoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachine,typeyournameand password.
Start a Virtual Machine That Is Running in the Background

IfyoudonotpoweroffavirtualmachinewhenyouexitWorkstation,thevirtual machinecontinuestoruninthebackground. Bydefault,Workstationisconfiguredtodisplaythetrayiconinthenotificationareaof thehoststaskbarevenwhenWorkstationisnotrunning.
Ifthisiconisnotvisible,beforeyoubegin,usetheWorkspacetaboftheWorkstation preferenceseditortodisplayit.SeeIntroductiontoWorkstationPreferenceson page 61. To start a virtual machine that is running in the background 1 2 Clickthetrayiconinthenotificationareaofthehoststaskbar. Selectavirtualmachinefromthelistthatappearsinthetooltip. Thelistcontainsthevirtualmachinesandteamsthatbelongtotheuserwhois loggedin. Workstationstartsanddisplaystheconsoleviewofthevirtualmachine. 3 4 5 (Optional)Rightclickthetrayicontoopen,pause,suspend,orshutdownall virtualmachinesrunninginthebackground. (Optional)RightclickthetrayicontoopenorcloseWorkstation. (Optional)OnWindows,rightclickthetrayicontohidethetrayiconpermanently ortemporarily. Ifyousetthetrayicontohidetemporarily,thetrayiconappearswhenyourestart Workstation.
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Start a Virtual Machine by Using VM Streaming

YoucanstreamavirtualmachinefromaWebserverandstartthevirtualmachine shortlyafterthedownloadprocessbegins. Beforeyoubegin,determinetheURLofthevirtualmachineandverifythattheWeb serveronwhichitresidesiscorrectlyconfigured.SeeMakeVirtualMachines AvailableforStreamingfromaWebServeronpage 229. To start a virtual machine by using VM streaming 1 2 Openacommandpromptorterminalwindow. UsetheplatformspecificcommandwiththeURLofthevirtualmachine:

OnWindowshosts,usevmware.exe http://<path_to_vm>.vmx. OnLinuxhosts,usevmware http://<path_to_vm>.vmx.
HTTPSisalsosupported. 3 WhenatabforthevirtualmachineopensintheWorkstationwindow,choose VM >Power>PowerOn. Virtualdiskdataisfetchedondemandsothatyoucanbeginusingthevirtual machinebeforethedownloadcompletes. Thestatusbarindicatestheprogressofthedownload.Pointtotheicononthe statusbarforVMstreamingandatooltipindicateswhetherstreamingisactiveand providestheURLoftheWebserver. 4 (Optional)Tosavethevirtualmachinesothatyoucanuseitwhenyoudonothave accesstotheWebserver,chooseVM>SaveforOfflineUse. Usingthissettingalsoallowsyoutopausedownloadingbypoweringoffthe virtualmachinebeforestreamingisfinished.Youcanrestartlaterbypoweringon thevirtualmachine.ItalsoallowsyoutousetheFile>Opencommandtoopenthe virtualmachineafteryoucloseit. Whenyoupoweroffastreamedvirtualmachine,youarepromptedtosaveordiscard changes.Ifyoudiscardchanges,thedirectorythatwascreatedonyourlocalmachine andallthevirtualmachinedataaredeleted.
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Virtual Machine Location

Bydefault,virtualmachinefilesarestoredinthevirtualmachinesworkingdirectory:
OnWindowshosts,WorkstationstoresvirtualmachinesintheMy Documents folderoftheuserwhoisloggedinatthetimethevirtualmachineiscreated. OnWindowsServer2003andWindowsXP,thedefaultfolderis:

C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7,thedefaultfolderis:
C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Virtual Machines\<guestOSname>
OnLinuxhosts,Workstationstoresvirtualmachinesin:
<homedir>/vmware/<guestOSname>
Here<homedir>isthehomedirectoryoftheuserwhoisloggedinatthetimethe virtualmachineiscreated. TheworkingdirectoryisalsowhereWorkstationstoressuspendedstate(.vmss), snapshot(.vmsn),andredologfiles.TheGeneraltabofthevirtualmachinesettings editordisplaysthepathtotheworkingdirectory.SeeIntroductiontoVirtualMachine Settingsonpage 63.
Shut Down a Virtual Machine

Aswithphysicalcomputers,youcanshutdownaguestoperatingsystembeforeyou poweroffthevirtualmachineorteam. YouarenotrequiredtoshutdowntheguestbeforeyouexitWorkstation.Toexit Workstationbutleavethevirtualmachinerunninginthebackground,seeClosing VirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstationonpage 66. To shut down a virtual machine 1 Intheguestsystem,shutdowntheoperatingsystemasyouwouldifyouwere usingaphysicalmachineratherthanavirtualmachine. Forexample,inWindowsXP,clickStart>ShutDown. 2 IntheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>PowerOptions>PowerOfftoturnoff thevirtualmachine.
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IfyouusethePowerOffcommandbeforeyoushutdowntheguestoperatingsystem, thevirtualmachineispoweredoffabruptly.Theeffectislikeusingthepowerbutton onaphysicalmachine.Youcan,however,configurethePowerOffbuttoninthetoolbar toshutdowntheoperatingsystembeforepoweringoff.SeeConfigurePowerOffand ResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 150.
Configure Power Off and Reset Options for a Virtual Machine

YoucanconfigurethePowerOfftoolbarbuttontopoweroffthevirtualmachine abruptlyortosendasignalthatgracefullyshutsdowntheguestoperatingsystem. Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. Toperformagracefulshutdown,theVMwareToolsservicecomponentissuesa ShutdownGuestcommandandrunsascripttoshutdowngracefully. CAUTIONPoweringoffabruptlyworksthesamewayapowerswitchworksonapower supply.Thepoweriscutoffwithnoconsiderationforworkinprogress.Ifavirtual machineiswritingtodiskwhenitreceivesaPowerOffcommand,datacorruption mightoccur. Similarly,youcanconfiguretheResetbuttontoworkthesamewayasaresetswitch, sothatitresetsthevirtualmachineabruptly.OryoucanconfiguretheResetbuttonso thattheVMwareToolsservicesendsarestartsignaltotheguestoperatingsystem. It thenshutsdowngracefullyandrestarts. NotallguestoperatingsystemsrespondtoashutdownsignalfromthePowerOff buttonortoarestartsignalfromtheResetbutton.Ifyouroperatingsystemdoesnot respondtothesignal,shutdownorrestartfromtheoperatingsystem,asyouwould withaphysicalmachine. To configure the Power Off and Reset options for a virtual machine 1 Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroff. 2 3 4 ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectPower. InthePowerControlssectionofthedialogbox,setthePowerOffbuttontoshut downtheguestgracefullyortoabruptlypowerthevirtualmachineoff. Theselectionyoumakeisreflectedinthetooltipyouseewhenyoupointtothe PowerOffbutton.
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SpecifyhowyouwanttheResetbuttontowork. Ifyouwanttochangeanyoftheothersettingsandneedmoreinformation,click Help. ForUNIXguests,topassXtoolkitoptionswhenyoupoweronavirtualmachine, seeAppendix:WorkstationCommandLineReferenceonpage 485.
Using Autologon in a Windows Guest

WithAutologon,youcansaveyourlogincredentialsandbypassthelogindialogbox whenyoupoweronaWindowsguest.TheWindowsguestsecurelystoresthe password. UsetheAutologonfeatureifyourestarttheguestfrequentlyandwanttoavoid enteringyourlogincredentials.Youcanalsousethefeaturetograntusersaccesstothe guestwithoutsharingyourpassword. YoucanenableAutologonduringeasyinstallofaWindowsguestormanuallyinthe virtualmachinesettingseditor.SeeConfigurationOptionsfortheNewVirtual MachineWizardonpage 76andEnableAutologoninaWindowsGueston page 151.
Enable Autologon in a Windows Guest

WhenyouenableAutologonorchangethelogincredentials,theAutologonsettingsare savedimmediately.ClickingCancelintheVirtualMachineSettingsdialogboxdoesnot affectthechangesappliedtotheAutologonsettings. Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowingtasks:

VerifythatyourguestoperatingsystemisWindows2000orhigher. HaveanexistinguseraccounttoenableAutologon. Verifythattheuseraccountisalocalmachineaccountandnotadomainaccount. Poweronthevirtualmachine. VerifythatthelatestversionofVMwareToolsisrunningintheguest.
To enable Autologon in a Windows guest 1 2 SelectVM>Settings>Options>Autologon. IntheAutologonsection,selectEnable.
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Inthedialogbox,typeyourlogincredentialandclickOK. Ifyoutypeanincorrectorexpiredpassword,Workstationdoesnotdisplayan errormessage.Whenyoupowerontheguestyouarerequiredtotypeyourlogin credentials.
(Optional)Changeyourlogincredential. a b SelectChangeUser. Inthedialogbox,typeadifferentlogincredentialandclickOK. ThenewusernameappearsintheAutologonsection.
Disable Autologon in a Windows Guest

Ifyouhavesensitiveinformationsavedonyourvirtualmachineanduserscanaccess yourhost,disabletheAutologonfeatureintheguest. Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowingtasks:

Poweronthevirtualmachine. VerifythatthelatestversionofVMwareToolsisrunningintheguest.
To disable Autologon in a Windows guest 1 2 SelectVM>Settings>Options>Autologon. IntheAutologonsection,selectDisable.
TheusernameisremovedfromtheAutologonsection.
Pausing a Virtual Machine

Thepausefeaturecausesavirtualmachinetoceaseoperationtemporarily,without poweringofforsuspending.Usethepausefeaturewhenavirtualmachineisengaged inanlengthy,processorintensiveactivitythatpreventsyoufromusingthehosttodo amoreimmediatetask. Whenyoupauseavirtualmachine,thedisplaydimsandaplaybuttonappears,which youcanclicktounpausethevirtualmachine.Onpausedvirtualmachinesthatare configuredtodisplayonmorethanonemonitor,eachmonitorhasaplaybutton. Forvirtualmachinesthatbelongtoateam,youmustpauseandunpauseeachvirtual machineseparately,whileitisactive.Theplaybuttonappearsjustasitdoesinvirtual machinesthatdonotbelongtoateam.Theplaybuttonalsoappearsinthethumbnail imagesofpausedteamvirtualmachinesthatarenotcurrentlyactive.
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Pause Feature Limitations

Thepausefeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
ThepausefeaturedoesnotworkwhenavirtualmachineisinUnitymode.You cannotswitchtoUnitymodewhenavirtualmachineispaused. OnWindows,youcannotswitchtoexclusivemodewhenavirtualmachineis paused. Thepausefeaturedoesnotworkwhenyouareusingtherecord/replayfeatureor whenthereplaydebuggerisattached.Therecord/replayfeaturedoesnotwork whenavirtualmachineispaused. Whenpaused,avirtualmachinedoesnotsendorreceivenetworkpackets.Ifa virtualmachineispausedformorethanafewminutes,somenetworkconnections mightbeinterrupted. Ifyoutakeasnapshotwhenthevirtualmachineispaused,thevirtualmachineis notpausedwhenyourestorethatsnapshot.Similarly,ifyoususpendavirtual machinewhileitispaused,itisnotpausedwhenyouresumethevirtualmachine. Ifyouinitiatesoftpoweroperationswhenavirtualmachineispaused,those operationsdonottakeeffectuntilthevirtualmachineisunpaused. Whileavirtualmachineispaused,LEDsanddevicesremainenabled,butdevice connectionchangesdonottakeeffectuntilthevirtualmachineisunpaused.
Pause and Unpause a Virtual Machine

Youcanpauseavirtualmachinemultipletimesrangingfromafewsecondstoseveral minutes.Beforeyoubegin,makesureyoureadthefeaturelimitations.Formore information,seePauseFeatureLimitationsonpage 153. To pause and unpause a virtual machine
SelectVM>Pausetopausethevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinedisplaydimsandaplaybuttonappearsoverthedisplay.
Clicktheplaybuttononthevirtualmachinedisplay,ordeselectVM>Pauseto unpausethevirtualmachine. (Optional)Topauseallthepoweredonvirtualmachineswithoutinteractingwith theWorkstationuserinterface,rightclickthetrayiconlocatedinthehoststaskbar andselectPauseallVirtualMachines. Formoreinformationaboutthetrayicon,seeStartaVirtualMachineThatIs RunningintheBackgroundonpage 147.
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Encrypting a Virtual Machine

Youcansecureavirtualmachinefromunauthorizedusebyencryptingitandassigning apasswordtoit.Afterthevirtualmachineisencrypted,youmustenterthepassword toopentheencryptedvirtualmachine,ortoremoveencryptionfromit. CAUTIONBesuretorecordthepasswordyouassigntoanencryptedvirtualmachine. Toensurethesecurityofencryptedvirtualmachines,Workstationdoesnotprovidea waytoretrieveapassword. InthevirtualmachinesummarytabandinFavorites,encryptedvirtualmachinesare displayedwithalockiconuntilyouenterthepasswordtoopenthevirtualmachine. Encryptionappliestoallsnapshotsinavirtualmachine.Ifyourestoreasnapshotinan encryptedvirtualmachine,thevirtualmachineremainsencrypted,whetherornotit wasencryptedwhenthesnapshotwastaken.Ifyouchangethepasswordforan encryptedvirtualmachine,thenewpasswordappliestoanysnapshotyourestore, regardlessofthepasswordineffectwhenthesnapshotwastaken.
Restrictions on Encryption
Theencryptionfeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
Avirtualmachinemustbepoweredoffbeforeyoucanaddorremoveencryption, orchangetheencryptionpassword. Theencryptionfeatureworksonlywithvirtualmachinesofvirtualhardware version5.xorlater. Youcancreatealinkedclonefromanencryptedvirtualmachine,butyoucannot encryptorremoveencryptionfromavirtualmachinethatistheparentofalinked clone. Thereisoneexceptiontothisrestriction.IfyouusetheConversionwizard(File> ImportorExport)tocreatealinkedclone,youcancreatealinkedclonewithout disablingtheencryptionfeaturefortheparentvirtualmachine.Ifyoucreatea linkedclonethiswayandthenencrypttheparentvirtualmachine,thelinkedclone cannotreaddatafromthevirtualdiskoftheencryptedparentvirtualmachine.To fixthisproblem,unencrypttheparentvirtualmachine. Ifyouplantousetheencryptionfeature,VMwarerecommendsthatyouavoidthis potentialproblembyusingVM>Clonetocreatealinkedclone.Workstation disablestheencryptionfeaturefortheparentofalinkedclonethatiscreatedwith theVM>Cloneoption.
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Youcannotencryptvirtualmachinesthataremembersofateam,andyoucannot addanencryptedvirtualmachinetoateam. Ifmorethanoneunencryptedvirtualmachinessharethesamevirtualdisk,and youencryptoneofthevirtualmachines,thevirtualdiskbecomesunusableforthe unencryptedvirtualmachines. Youcannotencryptavirtualmachinesthathasarecording. YoucannotencryptACEvirtualmachines.Ifyouhaveanencryptedvirtual machineyoucannotenableACEfeatures.
Encrypt a Virtual Machine

Ifyouforgetyourpassword,Workstationdoesnotprovideawaytoretrieveit.Before youbegin,poweroffthevirtualmachine.Makesureyoureadthefeaturelimitations. Formoreinformation,seeRestrictionsonEncryptiononpage 154. To encrypt a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelectVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectEncryption. SelectEncrypt. Enterthepassword,andenterthepasswordagaintoconfirmit. Besuretorecordthepassword. 5 SelectEncrypt.
Remove Encryption from a Virtual Machine

Removingencryptionfromavirtualmachineauthorizesuserswhologintothehost withyourcredentialstostartthevirtualmachine.Beforeyoubegin,poweroffthe virtualmachine.Makesurethatyouremoveanysensitiveinformationfromthevirtual machine. To remove encryption from a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5
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SelectVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectEncryption. SelectRemoveEncryption. Enteryourpassword. SelectRemoveEncryption.

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Change the Password for an Encrypted Virtual Machine

Ifyouforgetyournewpassword,Workstationdoesnotprovideawaytoretrieveit. Beforeyoubegin,poweroffthevirtualmachine. To change the password for an encrypted virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelectVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectEncryption. SelectChangePassword. Enteryourcurrentpasswordandthenewpassword,andenterthenewpassword againtoconfirmit. Besuretorecordthenewpassword.
Delete a Virtual Machine

YoucanuseaWorkstationcommandtodeleteavirtualmachineandallofitsfilesfrom thehostfilesystem. If,insteadofdeletingthevirtualmachinealtogether,youwanttoremoveitfromthe Favoriteslistorfromateam,seeRemoveanItemfromtheFavoritesListonpage 58 orRemoveaVirtualMachinefromaTeamonpage 277. CAUTIONDonotdeleteavirtualmachineifitwasusedtomakealinkedclonevirtual machineandyoustillwanttousethelinkedclone.Ifthelinkedclonecannotfindthe virtualdiskfilesfromtheparentvirtualmachine,thelinkedclonestopsworking. To delete a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>DeletefromDisk.
Controlling the Virtual Machine Display

YoucancontrolthewayWorkstationdisplaysvirtualmachinesandtheirapplications. Forexample,youcanusefullscreenmodetohidethehostuserinterfacealtogether,or youcanuseUnitymodesothatapplicationsfromthevirtualmachineappearonthe hostdesktopandhidetherestofthevirtualmachineuserinterface.
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Using Unity Mode

InvirtualmachineswithLinuxorWindows2000orlaterguestoperatingsystems,you canswitchtoUnitymodetodisplayapplicationsdirectlyonthehostdesktop. The taskbardisplaysitemsforopenapplicationsinUnitymodejustasitdoesforopen hostapplications. Thevirtualmachineconsoleviewishidden,andyoucanminimizetheWorkstation window. Youcanusekeyboardshortcutstocopy,cut,andpasteimages,plaintext,formatted text,andemailattachmentsbetweenapplicationsonyourhostmachineandvirtual machineapplicationsdisplayedinUnitymode.Youcanalsodraganddropandcopy andpastefilesbetweenhostandguest.SeeUsingtheCopyandPasteFeatureon page 189andUsingtheDragandDropFeatureonpage 187. NOTEIfyousaveafileorattempttoopenafilefromanapplicationinUnitymode,the filesystemyouseeisthefilesysteminsidethevirtualmachine.Youcannotopenafile fromthehostoperatingsystemorsaveafiletothehostoperatingsystem. WhenavirtualmachineisinUnitymode,youcanaccessthevirtualmachinesStart menu(forWindowsvirtualmachines)orApplicationsmenu(forLinuxvirtual machines)bypointingtooneofthefollowinglocations:

OnWindowshosts,pointtotheStartbutton. OnLinuxhosts,pointtotheupperleftcorneroftheprimarymonitor.
Forsomeguestandhostoperatingsystems,ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,application windowsinUnitymodecanappearonlyonthemonitorthatissetastheprimary display.IfthehostandguestareWindowsXPorlater,theapplicationwindowscan appearonadditionalmonitors. OnWindows,Unitymodeisnotavailableinthefullscreenmode.Whenyoucycle throughvirtualmachines,allthevirtualmachinesthatareinUnitymodedonot appear.
Set Preferences for Unity Mode

YoucanconfigureUnitymodesothatyoucanaccessavirtualmachinesStartor Applicationsmenufromthehostsdesktop.Youcanalsospecifythebordercolor aroundapplicationsthatruninUnitymodeonthedesktop.
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AccessingavirtualmachinesStartorApplicationsmenufromthehostsdesktop enablesyoutostartapplicationsinthevirtualmachinethatarenotopeninUnitymode. Ifyoudonotenablethisfeature,youmustexitUnitymodetodisplaythevirtual machinesStartorApplicationsmenuintheconsoleview. Tohelpdistinguishbetweentheapplicationwindowsthatbelongtovariousvirtual machines,youcangivethemdifferentcolors.Forexample,youcansettheapplications foronevirtualmachinetohaveablueborderandsettheapplicationsforanother virtualmachinetohaveayellowborder. YoucanalsosetaWorkstationpreferencetominimizetheWorkstationwindowwhen youenterUnitymode. To set preferences for Unity mode 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectUnity. CompletethesettingspanelandclickOK. Usethefollowinginformationtodeterminewhichfeaturestoenable:
Toidentifytheapplicationasbelongingtothisvirtualmachineratherthanthe host,usetheShowborderscheckboxtosetawindowborder.UsetheShow badgescheckboxtodisplayalogointhetitlebar. Touseacustomcolor,clickthecoloredrectangletoaccessthecolorchooser onLinuxhosts.OnWindowshosts,clickChoosecolor. IfyouselecttheEnableapplicationsmenucheckbox,thevirtualmachine StartorApplicationsmenuappearsinthehostsdesktop. OnWindowshosts,pointtotheStartbutton.OnLinuxhosts,pointtothe upperleftcorneroftheprimarymonitor.Themenuhasthesamecolorborder asthevirtualmachineapplicationwindow.
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RepeatthisprocessforeachvirtualmachinethatyouplantouseinUnitymode. (Optional)ToautomaticallyminimizetheWorkstationwindowwhenyouenter Unitymode,dothefollowing: a b c ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheUnitytab. SelectMinimizeWorkstationwhenenteringUnityandclickOK. ThisWorkstationpreferenceisusedforallvirtualmachines.
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Enter and Exit Unity Mode

InUnitymode,avirtualmachinesapplicationslooklikeotherapplicationwindowson thehost,exceptthattheyhaveacoloredwindowborderandabadgeinthewindows titlebar. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachinemeetstheserequirements:

ThevirtualmachinemustbeaWorkstation6.xorhighervirtualmachine. VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledandrunninginthevirtualmachinesguest operatingsystem.TheversionofVMwareToolsmustbetheversionincludedin Workstation6.5andlater.Forinstructions,seeInstallingVMwareToolson page 101. TheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachinemustbeLinuxorWindows2000 orlater. ForLinuxguestsandhosts,VMwarerecommendsthatyouuseamodernversion ofMetacityorKDE.PerformanceonLinuxdependsonacombinationofvariables suchasthesystem,theapplicationsthatarerunning,andtheamountofRAM.
To enter and exit Unity mode 1 2 Inthevirtualmachine,opentheapplicationstouseinUnitymode. FromtheWorkstationmenubar,selectView>Unity. AcheckmarkappearsnexttoUnityinthemenu. ThevirtualmachinesconsoleviewintheWorkstationwindowishidden,andthe guestsopenapplicationsappearinapplicationwindowsonthehostsdesktop. 3 ToexitUnitymode,displaytheWorkstationwindowandselectView>Unityto removethecheckmarknexttoUnity,orclickExitUnityinthevirtualmachines consoleview.
Access a Virtual Machines Start or Applications Menu in Unity Mode

Ifitisconfigured,avirtualmachineinUnitymodecandisplaythevirtualmachines StartorApplicationsmenuabovethehostsStartorApplicationsmenu. Withthisfeature,youhaveeasyaccesstoapplicationsinthevirtualmachinethatare notopeninUnitymode.
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Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowingtasks:
Verifythatthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtousethisfeature.See Set PreferencesforUnityModeonpage 157. Poweronthevirtualmachine.
To access a virtual machines Start or Applications menu in Unity mode 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,selectView>Unity. PointtotheStartmenuonWindowshostsortotheupperleftcornerofthe primarymonitoronLinuxhoststodisplaythevirtualmachinesStartor Applicationsmenuonthehost. (Optional)Usethedefaultoption,Ctrl+Shift+U. (Optional)IfyouhavemultiplevirtualmachinesinUnitymode,youcannavigate betweenmultipleStartandApplicationsmenus. a b Pressthearrowkeys,Tab,orShift+Tabtocyclethroughthevirtualmachine menus. PressEnterandthespacebartoselectavirtualmachine.
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Create Virtual Machine Application Shortcuts on the Host in Unity Mode

YoucancreateashortcutforapplicationsinavirtualmachineonthehostinUnity modeandopenthemlikeyouopenanyapplicationonyourhost. Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowingtasks:
Verifythatthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtousethisfeature.See Set PreferencesforUnityModeonpage 157. VerifythatthelatestversionofVMwareToolsisrunningintheguest. Poweronthevirtualmachine.
To create virtual machine application shortcuts on the host in Unity mode 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,selectView>Unity. PointtotheStartbuttononWindowshostsortotheupperleftcornerofthe primarymonitoronLinuxhoststodisplaythevirtualmachinesStartor Applicationsmenuonthehost. ClickthevirtualmachinesStartorApplicationmenu. Alistofvirtualmachineapplicationmenusappear.
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Createashortcutonthehost.
OnWindows,rightclickanyapplicationandselectCreateShortcuton Desktop. Ashortcutfortheapplicationappearsonthehost.
OnLinux,dragtheapplicationtothehost.
Open the Application Shortcut for a Virtual Machine Application

Youcanopenavirtualmachineapplicationshortcutfromthehostevenwhenthe virtualmachineispoweredofforsuspended. OnWindowsguests,youcansaveyourlogincredentialsintheAutologonsettingsand openthevirtualmachineapplicationwithouthavingtoenterapassword.SeeEnable AutologoninaWindowsGuestonpage 151. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthevirtualmachineapplicationshortcutisavailableonthe host.SeeCreateVirtualMachineApplicationShortcutsontheHostinUnityMode onpage 160. To open the application shortcut for a virtual machine application 1 2 Doubleclicktheshortcuttoopenthevirtualmachinesapplicationfromthehost. (Optional)OnWindowsguests,enableAutologon.
Use Full Screen Mode

Infullscreenmode,thevirtualmachinedisplayfillsthescreen,sothatyoucannotsee thebordersoftheWorkstationwindow. Figure 7-1. Full Screen Toolbar on a Windows Host
Cycle multiple monitors button Next VM button System menu Selector arrow
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Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101. NOTEIfyouplantorunthevirtualmachineinfullscreenmodeonalaptopcomputer, alsosettheguesttoreportbatteryinformation.SeeReportBatteryInformationinthe Guestonpage 179. To use full screen mode 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachineandmakesureitispoweredon. Ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,movetheWorkstationwindowintothemonitorto useforfullscreenmode. ChooseView>FullScreen. Ifyoucannotenterfullscreenmodewhentheguestsdisplaymodeissmallerthan thehostsdisplaymode,tryaddingthefollowinglinetothevirtualmachines configuration(.vmx)file:
mks.maxRefreshRate=1000
Formoreinformationabouttheconfigurationfile,seeFilesThatMakeUpa VirtualMachineonpage 93. 4 (Optional)Youcanperformthefollowingoptionaltasks:
Toswitchfromfullscreenmodebacktowindowedmode,whichshowsthe virtualmachineinsideaWorkstationwindowagain,pressCtrl+Alt+Enter. Tohidethefullscreentoolbarandmenuswhileyouareusingfullscreen mode,clickthepushpiniconandmovethemousepointeroffofthetoolbar. Thisactionunpinsthetoolbar.Thetoolbarslidesuptothetopofthemonitor anddisappears.Todisplaythetoolbaragain,pointtothetopofthescreen untilthetoolbarappears. Ifyoucannotdisplaythefullscreentoolbar,seeSetPreferencesforAutofit, FullScreenMode,andUnityModeonpage 163.
Toswitchfromonepoweredonvirtualmachinetoanotherwhileinfull screenmode,dooneofthefollowing:
Togotoaspecificpoweredonvirtualmachine,clickthevirtualmachine arrow,asshowninFigure 71,andselectthevirtualmachine. Togotothenextvirtualmachine,pressCtrl+Alt+rightarrow,orpress Ctrl+Alt+leftarrowtogotothepreviousvirtualmachine.
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UsetheVMmenuonthetoolbartoaccesstheWorkstationVMmenu commands. UsetheSystemmenutoswitchtoexclusivemodeortousetheautofit commandtoadjustscreenresolutiononWindowshosts.UsetheViewmenu toswitchtoUnitymodeorexclusivemode,ortousetheautofitcommandto adjustscreenresolutiononLinuxhosts. Todisplaythevirtualmachineacrosstwoormoremonitorsinfullscreen mode,seeUseMultipleMonitorsforOneVirtualMachineonpage 165.
Set Preferences for Autofit, Full Screen Mode, and Unity Mode
Youcansetpreferencesforhowthedisplaysettingsofallvirtualmachinesadjusttofit theWorkstationwindow.TheseadjustmentsoccurwhenyouresizetheWorkstation windoworwhenyouchangethedisplaysettingsinsidetheguest. Youcanalsoconfigurehowthehostandguestdisplaysettingsinteractwhenyouenter fullscreenmodeandUnitymode. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperating systemsinthevirtualmachines. To set preferences for autofit, full screen mode, and Unity mode 1 2 3 4 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytab. SelectoneormorecheckboxesintheAutofitsection. UsethefollowinginformationtohelpyoucompletetheFullScreensection:
SelectAutofitguesttochangetheguestsresolutionsettingstomatchthe displaysettingsofthehostwhileyouareinfullscreenmode. SelectStretchguesttoretaintheguestsresolutionsettingsbutstillhavethe displayfillthefullscreen. Thissettingisusefulifyouneedtoretainaguestslowresolutionsettings. For example,usethissettingtoplayoldercomputergamesthatrunonlyat lowresolutions.
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SelectCenterguesttohavebothhostandguestretaintheirowndisplay settingswhileyouareinfullscreenmode. IfyoudeselectShowtoolbaredgewhenunpinned,theedgeofthefullscreen toolbardoesnotappear.Whenyouplaceyourpointercursornearthetopof thescreenthefullscreentoolbarappearsforafewseconds.Todisplaythe edgeofthefullscreentoolbar,usethepreferenceseditorandselectShow toolbaredgewhenunpinnedagain.
ClickOK.
Use Quick Switch Mode

Inquickswitchmode,thevirtualmachinesscreenisresizedtofillthescreen completely,exceptforthespacethatthetabsoccupy. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101. Quickswitchmodeissimilartofullscreenmodewiththeadditionoftabsatthetopof thescreenforswitchingfromonevirtualmachinetoanother.Theotherdifferenceis thatyoucanusequickswitchmodewithvirtualmachinesthatarepoweredonoroff. To use quick switch mode 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseView>QuickSwitch. (Optional)ToviewtheWorkstationmenuandtoolbarwhileusingquickswitch mode,pointtothetopofthescreen. (Optional)Toresizeaguestoperatingsystemsdisplaysothatitfillsasmuchofthe screenaspossibleinquickswitchmode,chooseView>FitGuestNow. Toexitquickswitchmode,pointtothetopofthescreenandchooseView>Quick Switch.
Use Exclusive Mode

Youmightwanttouseexclusivemodetorungraphicsintensiveapplications,suchas games,infullscreenmode. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101.
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Likefullscreenmode,exclusivemodecausestheWorkstationvirtualmachinedisplay tofillthescreen.Drawbackstousingexclusivemodeincludethefollowing:
Thefullscreentoolbarisnotavailableinexclusivemode.Toconfigureanyvirtual machinesettings,youneedtoexitexclusivemode(pressCtrl+Alt). OnWindows,exclusivemodedoesnotusemultiplemonitors. Exclusivemodecausesthehostresolutiontoresize,whichcancauseitemsonthe hostdesktoptobemoved.
To use exclusive mode 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. Ifyouhavemultiplemonitors,movetheWorkstationwindowontothemonitor youwanttouse. PressCtrl+Alt+Enter. Onthefullscreentoolbar,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindowshosts,clicktheWorkstationicontodisplaythesystemmenu andchooseExclusiveMode.
OnLinuxhosts,clicktheViewmenuonthefullscreentoolbarandchoose ExclusiveMode.
Toexitexclusivemodeandreturntowindowedmode,dothefollowing: a b PressCtrl+Alttoexitexclusivemodeandreturntofullscreenmode. PressCtrl+Alt+Entertoexitfullscreenmodeandreturntothewindowed mode.
Use Multiple Monitors for One Virtual Machine

Ifyourhosthasamultiplemonitordisplay,youcanconfigureavirtualmachinetouse twoormoremonitors. OnWindowsguests,youdonotneedtousetheWindowsdisplaypropertiessettings toconfiguremultiplemonitors.
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Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachinemeetstheserequirements:

ThevirtualmachineisaWorkstation6.xorhighervirtualmachine. VMwareToolsisinstalledandrunninginthevirtualmachinesguestoperating system.TheversionofVMwareToolsmustbetheversionincludedin Workstation 7.x.Forinstructions,seeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101. TheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachineisWindowsXP,WindowsVista, Windows7,orLinux. Onthehost,thedisplaysettingsformonitorsmustbesetinacompatibletopology. Forexample,theleftmostmonitorcannotbeplacedlowerthananyothermonitor inthedisplaytopology.Itdoesnotmatterifthemonitorshavedifferentresolutions ororientations.Whenenteringfullscreenmode,themonitorthatcontainsthe Workstationwindowcannotbelowerthananothermonitor. Putanotherway:WhenyouusetheWindowsdisplaypropertiescontrols,ifyou selectamonitoriconandbegintodragittoanewlocation,atooltipdisplaysthe coordinates.Ifacoordinateshownforthenewlocationoftheiconisanegative number,thatlocationwillnotwork.
To use multiple monitors for one virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClicktheDisplaytabandintheFullScreensection,selectAutofitguestandclick OK. Selectavirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectDisplay. IfDisplaydoesnotappearinthelistontheHardwaretab,itprobablymeansthat thevirtualmachineisaWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachine.OnlyWorkstation6.x orhighervirtualmachineshavethisfeature.
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OnthesettingspanelfortheDisplaytab,specifyhowtodeterminethenumberof monitors. Inmostcases,selectUsehostsettingformonitors.Ifthevirtualmachineisrunon ahostthatisusingonemonitor,thevirtualmachinedetectsonlyonemonitor.But ifthesamevirtualmachineismovedtoahostthatisusingtwomonitors,the virtualmachinedetectstwomonitors. Thenumberofmonitorsdependsonthenumberofmonitorsthatthehost recognizesatstartup.Forexample,ifyoupoweronalaptopthatisundocked,the hostsettingisonemonitor,evenifyoulaterplacetherunninglaptopinadocking stationthatusestwomonitors. Similarly,ifthehosthasonemonitorandyoususpendthevirtualmachineand changethehosttohavetwomonitors,whenyouresumethevirtualmachine,itis stillconfiguredtouseonemonitor.Youmustrestartthevirtualmachinetodetect thenewsettings. Youmightwanttosetaspecificnumberofmonitorsif,forexample,youare writinganapplicationtobedisplayedonmultiplemonitorsbutthehostyouare usinghasonlyonemonitor.
Ifyousetaspecificnumberofmonitors,specifyasufficientmaximumresolution. Theresolutionofahostmonitorthatyouusetodisplaythevirtualmachinemust notexceedtheMaximumresolutionsettingthatyouspecify.
PoweronthevirtualmachineandchooseView>FullScreen. Formoreinformation,seeUseFullScreenModeonpage 161. Makesurethevirtualmachineiscompletelypoweredon.Ifwhenyoupoweron thevirtualmachine,itissettoberestoredfromasnapshotandifbackground snapshotsareenabled,poweringonmighttakelonger.Inthiscase,displayingthe virtualmachinetotwomonitorsmightnotworkcorrectlyatfirst.Ifyouseethis issue,gotoEdit>Preferences>Priorityanddeselectthecheckboxcalled Take andrestoresnapshotsinthebackground.
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Onthefullscreentoolbar,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbutton. Thisbuttonisavailableonlyifthehosthasmultiplemonitors.Thisbuttonisshown inFigure 71,FullScreenToolbaronaWindowsHost,onpage 161. ClickingtheCycleMultipleMonitorsbuttoncausestheguestoperatingsystems desktoptoextendtotheadditionalmonitorormonitors. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnotappearcorrectly,usethesystemmenu(on Windowshosts)ortheViewmenu(onLinuxhosts)andselectAutofitGuest.
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Ifyouhavemorethantwomonitors,andyouwantthevirtualmachinetouse them,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbuttonagain. Theorderinwhichthemonitorsareuseddependsontheorderinwhichthe monitorswereaddedtothehostoperatingsystem.
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Toreturntousingonlyonemonitor,clicktheCycleMultipleMonitorsbutton untilthedisplayreturnstoonemonitor.
Use Multiple Monitors for Multiple Virtual Machines

Ifyourhosthasamultiplemonitordisplay,youcanrunadifferentvirtualmachineon eachmonitor. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101. To use multiple monitors for multiple virtual machines 1 ToopenmultipleWorkstationwindows,chooseFile>New>Window. OnLinuxhosts,althoughyoucanhavemultipleWorkstationwindows,the windowsoperateinasingleWorkstationprocess,whichsavesmemoryandallows preferencesandFavoriteslistitemstobeshared. 2 (Optional)OnLinuxhosts,torunseparateWorkstationprocessesindifferent X servers,startthesecondinstanceofWorkstationwiththe-Wflag. Inaterminalwindow,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware -W &
StartoneormorevirtualmachinesineachWorkstationwindow. Ifyouhaveavirtualmachinerunninginonewindowandyouwanttorunthat virtualmachineinanotherWorkstationwindow,closethevirtualmachineinthe firstwindowbeforeyouattempttoopenitinanother.
4 5
DrageachWorkstationwindowtothemonitoronwhichyouwanttouseit. Toswitchmouseandkeyboardinputfromthevirtualmachineonthefirstmonitor tothevirtualmachineonthesecondmonitor,movethemousepointerfromone screentotheotherandclickinsidethesecondmonitor.
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Fitting the Workstation Console to the Virtual Machine Display

TheAutofitandFitcommandsintheViewmenuallowyoutomatchtheWorkstation consolewiththeguestoperatingsystemdisplaysize. WithbothAutofitcommandstoggledoff,Workstationdoesnotautomaticallymatch windowsizesasyouwork.ScrollbarsappearintheconsolewhentheWorkstation consoleissmallerthantheguestoperatingsystemdisplay.Ablackborderappearsin theconsolewhentheconsoleislargerthantheguestoperatingsystemdisplay. TheAutofitandFitcommandsaredescribedinTable 71. Table 7-1. Autofit and Fit Commands
View Menu Command AutofitWindow Description CausestheWorkstationconsoletomaintainthesizeofthevirtual machinesdisplayresolution.Iftheguestoperatingsystemchangesits resolution,theWorkstationconsoleresizestomatchthenewresolution. Causesthevirtualmachinetoresizetheguestdisplayresolutionto matchthesizeoftheWorkstationconsole. CausestheWorkstationconsoletomatchthecurrentdisplaysizeofthe guestoperatingsystem. Causestheguestoperatingsystemdisplaysizetomatchthecurrent Workstationconsole.
AutofitGuest FitWindowNow FitGuestNow
AnAutofitcommandistoggledonoroffeachtimeyouselectit.IfAutofitWindow andAutofitGuestaretoggledon,youcanmanuallyresizetheWorkstationconsole, buttheguestoperatingsystemcanalsoresizetheWorkstationconsole. TheFitWindowNoworFitGuestNowcommandisredundantifthecorresponding Autofitcommandisactivebecausetheconsoleandtheguestoperatingsystemdisplay arethesamesize.
Display Resizing in Linux Guests

ForLinuxguests,thefollowingconsiderationsapplytodisplayresizing:
Ifyouhavevirtualmachinesthatweresuspendedunderaversionof VMware Toolsearlierthanversion5.5,displayresizingdoesnotworkuntilthe virtualmachinesarecompletelypoweredoffandpoweredonagain.(Rebooting theguestoperatingsystemisnotsufficient.) UpdateVMwareToolstothelatestversionintheguestforthedisplayresizing optionstowork.
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BeforeyoucanusetheAutofitGuestandFitGuestNowoptions,VMwareTools mustberunning. AlltherestrictionsforresizingthattheX11Windowssystemimposesonphysical hostsapplytoguests:
Youcannotresizetoamodethatisnotdefined.TheVMwareTools configurationscriptcanaddalargenumberofmodelines,butyoucannot resizein1pixelincrementsasyoucaninWindows.VMwareToolsadds modelinesin100pixelincrements.Thismeansyoucannotresizeaguest largerthanthelargestmodedefinedinyourX11configurationfile.Ifyou attempttoresizelargerthanthatmode,ablackborderappearsandtheguest stopsincreasing. TheXserveralwaysstartsupinthelargestresolutionthatisdefined. You cannotavoidthisrestriction.TheXDM/KDM/GDMloginscreenalways appearsatthelargestsize.ButGnomeandKDEallowyoutospecifyyour preferredresolution,sothatyoucanreducetheguestdisplaysizeafteryou login.
Display Resizing in Solaris Guests

ForSolaris10guests,thefollowingconsiderationsapplytodisplayresizing:
UpdateVMwareToolstothelatestversionintheguestforthedisplayresizing optionstowork. BeforeyoucanusetheAutofitGuestandFitGuestNowoptions,VMwareTools mustberunning. Solaris10guestsmustberunninganXorgXserverandJDS/Gnome.
Working with Nonstandard Resolutions

Aguestoperatingsystemanditsapplicationsmightreactunexpectedlywhenthe WorkstationconsolesizeisnotastandardVESAresolution(640480,800600, 1024768,andsoon). Forexample,theAutofitGuestandFitGuestNowcommandsallowyourguest operatingsystemscreenresolutiontobesetsmallerthan640480,butsomeinstallers donotrunatresolutionssmallerthan640480.Programsmightrefusetorun.Error messagesmightincludesuchphrasesasVGA Required to InstallorYou must have VGA to install.
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Useoneofthefollowingstrategiestoworkaroundthisproblemwithnonstandard resolutions:
Ifyourhostcomputersscreenresolutionishighenough,youcanenlargethe windowandchooseFitGuestNow. Ifyourhostcomputersscreenresolutiondoesnotallowyoutoenlargethe Workstationconsolesufficiently,youcanmanuallysettheguestoperating systemsscreenresolutionto640480orlarger.
Configuring Video and Sound

Forbestcolorandgraphicsdisplay,youmustcoordinatehostandguestcolorsettings. WorkstationalsosupportsgamesandapplicationsthatuseDirectX9accelerated graphics,butyoumustperformsome3Dpreparationtasksonthehostandguest. Withregardstosoundsupport,Workstationusuallyinstallsthenecessarydrivers,but onsomeoftheoldestandnewestguestoperatingsystems,youmustmanuallyinstall adriver.
Setting Screen Color Depth

Thenumberofscreencolorsavailableintheguestoperatingsystemdependsonthe screencolorsettingofthehostoperatingsystem. Virtualmachinessupport:

16color(VGA)mode 8bitpseudocolor 16bitsperpixel(16significantbitsperpixel) 32bitsperpixel(24significantbitsperpixel)
Ifthehostisin15bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols offer15bitmodeinplaceof16bitmode. Ifthehostisin24bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols offer24bitmodeinplaceof32bitmode. Ifyourunaguestoperatingsystemsetforagreaternumberofcolorsthanyourhost operatingsystemisusing,youcanencounterproblems.Insomecases,forexample,the colorsintheguestarenotcorrect.Inothers,theguestoperatingsystemcannotusea graphicalinterface.
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Youcantryeitherofthefollowingsolutions:

Increasethenumberofcolorsavailableonthehost. Decreasethenumberofcolorsusedintheguest.
Forbestperformance,usethesamenumberofcolorsintheguestandonthehost.
Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host

Ifyouchoosetochangethecolorsettingsonthehostoperatingsystem,shutdownall guestoperatingsystems,poweroffthevirtualmachines,andcloseWorkstation. Followstandardproceduresforchangingthecolorsettingsonyourhostoperating systemandrestartWorkstationandthevirtualmachines.
Changing Screen Color Depth in the Guest

Theapproachyoutaketochangethecolorsettingsintheguestoperatingsystem dependsontheguestoperatingsystem. Followtheprocessforchangingscreencolorsintheguestoperatingsystem:
InaWindowsguest,theDisplayPropertiescontrolpaneloffersonlythosesettings thataresupported. InaLinuxorFreeBSDguest,youmustchangethecolordepthbeforeyoustartthe Xserver,oryoumustrestarttheXserveraftermakingthechanges.
Support for Direct3D Graphics

Totakeadvantageofthe3DcapabilitiesofWorkstation,thevirtualmachinemustbe runningthelatestversionofVMwareTools.Ifyoumovethevirtualmachineandwant tousethe3Dcapabilities,besureyouhavethecorrectversionofVMwareTools installed.
Accelerated 3-D Restrictions

SupportforapplicationsthatuseDirectX9acceleratedgraphicsappliesonlyto WindowsXPguests,onhostsrunningWindowsXP,WindowsVista,Windows7,or Linux. Thisfeaturecurrentlyhasthefollowingrestrictions:
WorkstationnowofferssupportforDirectXgamesandapplicationswithDirectX versions9andlower. Supportfor3Dapplicationsisnotoptimizedforperformance.
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OpenGLapplicationsruninsoftwareemulationmode. Youcannotusetherecord/replayfeaturetorecorda3Dapplication.
Prepare a Host for Accelerated 3-D

Bydefault,Direct3DtechnologyisenabledforWorkstation6.xandlatervirtual machines.Youmustpreparethehostfirst,thevirtualmachinesecond,andtheguest operatingsystemlast. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethehostoperatingsystemisWindowsXP,WindowsVista, Windows7,orLinux.ForWindowshosts,makesureyouhaveavideocardthat supportsDirectX9andthelatestDirectXRuntime.ForLinuxhosts,makesurethehost hasavideocardthatcanrunacceleratedOpenGL2.0.Ifyouareunsure,checkwith yourhardwaremanufacturer. To prepare a host for accelerated 3-D 1 Upgradethehostsvideodriverstothelatestversionavailable: a b 2 ATIGraphicsdriversareavailablefromtheAMDWebsite. NVIDIAdriversareavailablefromtheNVIDIAWebsite.
IfyouareusingaWindowshost,turnuphardwareaccelerationinthedisplay properties:
OnWindowsXP,rightclickthedesktopandchooseProperties>Settings> Advanced>Troubleshoot. OnWindowsVista,rightclickthedesktopandchoosePersonalize>Display Settings>AdvancedSettings>Troubleshoot>Changesettings. OnWindows7,rightclickthedesktopandchoosePersonalize>Screen resolution>AdvancedSettings>Troubleshoot>Changesettings.
MovetheHardware AccelerationsliderallthewaytotheFullposition. 3 IfyouareusingLinux,testyourLinuxhostforcompatibility: a Toverifythatdirectrenderingisenabled,run:

glxinfo | grep direct
Toensurethat3Dapplicationsworkonyourhost,run:
glxgears
Afteryourhostisconfigured,configureavirtualmachineforaccelerated3D.
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Prepare a Virtual Machine for Accelerated 3-D

Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemisWindowsXP,Windows Vista,orWindows7. To prepare a virtual machine for accelerated 3-D 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectDisplay. IntheMonitorssection,ifthevirtualmachineissettousemorethanonemonitor, setittouseonlyonemonitor. Inthe3DGraphicssection,makesurethecheckboxisselectedandclickOK.
Prepare the Guest Operating System for Accelerated 3-D

Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheguestoperatingsystemisWindowsXP,Windows Vista,orWindows7andmakesurethelatestversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled.See InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101. To prepare the guest operating system for accelerated 3-D 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. InstallDirectX9.0cEndUserRuntime. ThisdownloadisavailablefromMicrosoftDownloadCenter. 3 Installandrunyour3Dapplications.
Configuring Sound
WorkstationprovidesasounddevicecompatiblewiththeSoundBlasterAudioPCIand supportssoundinWindows95,Windows98,WindowsMe,WindowsNT,Windows XP,WindowsVista,Windows7,WindowsServer2003,WindowsServer2008,and Linuxguestoperatingsystems.TheWorkstationsounddeviceisenabledbydefault. Soundsupportincludespulsecodemodulation(PCM)outputandinput.Forexample, youcanplay.wavfiles,MP3audio,andRealMediaaudio.MIDIoutputfromWindows guestsissupportedbytheWindowssoftwaresynthesizer.MIDIinputisnotsupported, andnoMIDIsupportisavailableforLinuxguests.
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Workstation7.xforLinuxsupportsAdvancedLinuxSoundArchitecture(ALSA). WindowsXP,WindowsVista,Windows7andmostrecentLinuxdistributionsdetect thesounddeviceandinstallappropriatedriversforit. ForWindowsVistaorWindows7,whenyouinstallVMwareToolsina64bitWindows VistaorWindows7guestoperatingsystem,asounddriverisinstalled.For32bit WindowsVista,Windows7,Windows2003Server,andWindowsServer2008guests, useWindowsUpdatetoinstalla32bitdriver.
Installing Sound Drivers in Windows 9x and NT Guests

Windows95,Windows98,Windows98SE,andWindowsNT4.0donothavedrivers fortheSoundBlasterAudioPCIadapter.Tousesoundintheseguestoperatingsystems, downloadthedriverfromtheCreativeLabsWebsiteandinstallitintheguest operatingsystems. CreativeLabshasWebsitesthatservedifferentregionsoftheworld.The adaptername varies,dependingontheregion,butusuallyincludesPCI128.
Using Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA)

Workstation7.xsupportsAdvancedLinuxSoundArchitecture(ALSA).Earlier versionsofWorkstationusedtheOpenSoundSystem(OSS)interfaceforsound playbackandrecordinginvirtualmachinesrunningonLinuxhosts.UnlikeOSS,ALSA doesnotrequireexclusiveaccesstothesounddevice.Thehostmachineandmultiple virtualmachinescanplaysoundatthesametime. BeforeyoucanuseALSAinaVMwarevirtualmachine,yoursystemmustmeetthe followingrequirements.

TheALSAlibraryversiononthehostsystemmustbeversion1.0.16orlater. ThesoundcardonyourhostmachinemustsupportALSA.Thealsaproject.org Websitemaintainsacurrentlistingofsoundcardsandchipsetsthatsupport ALSA. Thecurrentusermusthavetheappropriatepermissionstoaccessthesound device. Thesounddeviceonthehostmustnotbemuted.Youcanusethealsamixer graphicalmixerprogramtoensurethatthesounddeviceisnotmuted.Enter alsmixerfromacommandprompt.Documentationforthealsamixerprogram isavailableontheInternet.
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Obtaining Sound Card Information YoucanobtaininformationaboutthesoundcardsonyourLinuxhostsystemfromthe commandline. To obtain sound card information by using the command line Atacommandprompt,enteroneofthefollowingcommands.
Command lspci | grep -i audio cat /proc/asound/cards alsamixer Description Tolistthenameandtypeofthesoundchipsetonyourhost machine Tolistthesoundcardsonyourhostmachine Todeterminewhetherthecurrentuserhastheappropriate permissionstoaccessthesounddevice
Ifthecurrentuserdoesnothavepermissions,anerrorsimilartothefollowingmessage appears: alsamixer: function snd_ctl_open failed for default: No such device. Givetheuserread,write,andexecutepermissionstothedirectorycontainingthe ASLAsounddevice.Typically,theALSAsounddeviceisfoundin/dev/snd/,butthis locationmayvary,dependingonyourdistributionofLinux. Using ALSA in a Virtual Machine YoucanconfigureyourvirtualmachinetouseALSAintheVirtualMachineSettings dialogbox. To use ALSA in a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectSoundCard. MakesurethattheConnectedandConnectatpoweroncheckboxesarechecked. SelectoneoftheConnectioncheckboxes.
Command Usedefaulthostsoundcard Specifyhostsoundcard Description TohaveWorkstationdetectthehostsoundcard. Tochooseasoundcard.Makeaselectionfromthe dropdownmenu.Thedropdownmenudisplays PCMdevicesforeverysoundcardonthehostsystem.
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ClickSave.
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Using an ALSA Sound Device that Does Not Appear in Virtual Machine Settings FollowthisproceduretouseanALSAsounddevicethatdoesnotappearinVirtual MachineSettings. To use an ALSA sound device that does not appear in Virtual Machine Settings 1 DeterminethenameoftheALSAsounddevice. Usingthealsa-utilspackage,atacommandprompt,enteraplay -Ltolist ALSAsounddevicesonyoursystem. 2 3 4 5 6 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectSoundCard. MakesuretheConnectedandConnectatpoweroncheckboxesarechecked. SelectSpecifyhostsoundcardandenterthenameoftheALSAsounddeviceto use,forexamplefront:CARD=Intel,DEV=0. ClickSave.
Overriding the ALS Library Version Requirement IfyourhostsystemdoesnotmeetALSArequirementsorforsomeotherreasoncannot useALSA,WorkstationusestheOSSAPIforsoundplaybackandrecording. Dependingonthesoundcardinthehostcomputer,thesoundqualitymightnotbeas goodwithanolderversionoftheALSAlibrary.VMwarerecommendsthatyou upgradethehostsystemtousenewersounddriversandlibraries. IfthehostsystemhasanolderversionoftheALSAlibrary,youcanoverridethe requirementforversion1.0.16. To override the ALSA library version requirement 1 2 Openthe.vmxvirtualmachineconfigurationfilewithatexteditor. Addtheoptionsound.skipAlsaVersionCheck = "TRUE".
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Install New Software in a Virtual Machine

Installingnewsoftwareinavirtualmachineislikeinstallingitonaphysicalcomputer. Onlyafewadditionalstepsarerequired. To install new software in a virtual machine 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>RemovableDevicesandverifythatthevirtualmachinehasaccess totheCDROMdrive,ISOimagefile,orfloppydrivewheretheinstallation softwareislocated. Formoreinformation,seeAddDVDorCDDrivestoaVirtualMachineon page 250. 3 ChooseVM>SettingsandusetheMemorysettingspanelontheHardwaretabto setthefinalmemorysizeforthevirtualmachine. Someapplicationsuseaproductactivationfeaturethatcreatesakeybasedonthe virtualhardwareinthevirtualmachinewhereitisinstalled.Changesinthe configurationofthevirtualmachinemightrequireyoutoreactivatethesoftware. Tominimizethenumberofsignificantchanges,setthememorysize. 4 InstallVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101.InstallingVMwareToolsbefore installingthenewapplicationalsominimizesthelikelihoodofrequiringyouto reactivatethesoftware. 5 Installthenewapplicationaccordingtothemanufacturersinstructions.
Disable Acceleration If a Program Does Not Run

Occasionally,whenyouinstallorrunsoftwareinsideavirtualmachine,Workstation appearstostopresponding.Inmanycases,youcangetpasttheproblemby temporarilydisablingaccelerationinthevirtualmachine. Ifthisproblemoccurs,itusuallyoccursearlyintheprogramsexecution. To disable acceleration 1 Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredofforon. 2 ChooseVM>Settings.
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OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors. IntheExecutionModesection,selectDisableaccelerationforbinarytranslation andclickOK. Thissettingslowsdownvirtualmachineperformance.VMwarerecommendsthat youusethesettingonlyforgettingpasttheproblemwithrunningtheprogram.
Afteryoupassthepointwheretheprogramencounteredproblems,repeatStep 2 throughStep 4anddeselectDisableaccelerationforbinarytranslation.
Report Battery Information in the Guest

Ifyourunavirtualmachineonalaptopinfullscreenmode,configuretheoptionto reportbatteryinformationintheguest.Thisway,youcandeterminewhenthebattery isrunninglow. To report battery information in the guest 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectPower. SelecttheReportbatteryinformationtoguestcheckboxandclickOK.
Use Host Printers in a Virtual Machine

Youcanprintfromthevirtualmachinetoanyprinteravailabletothehostcomputer withoutinstallingadditionaldriversinthevirtualmachine.TheWorkstationprinter featureusesThinPrinttechnologytoreplicatethehostmachineprintermappinginthe virtualmachine.Whenyouenablethevirtualmachineprinter,Workstationconfigures avirtualserialporttocommunicatewiththehostprinters.
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To use host printers in a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectAdd. IntheAddHardwareWizarddialogbox,selectPrinterandFinish. Thedefaultdevicesettingistoconnectthevirtualmachineprinterwhenthe virtualmachineispoweredon. WhentheACEVirtualPrinterpolicyisenabled,Printerisavailableandcannotbe removeduntiltheACEVirtualPrinterpolicyisdisabled.
Use Removable Devices in a Virtual Machine

Youcanconfigureanumberofremovabledevicesforuseinavirtualmachine, includingfloppydrives,DVD/CDROMdrives,USBdevices,smartcardreaders,and networkadapters. Somedevicescannotbeusedbythehostandguestorbymultipleguestsatthesame time.Forexample,ifthehostisusingafloppydrive,youmustconnectittothevirtual machinebeforeyoucanuseitinthevirtualmachine.Touseitonthehostagain,you mustdisconnectitfromthevirtualmachine.Bydefault,floppydriveisnotconnected whenthevirtualmachinepowerson. Forinformationabouthowtoaddorconfigurespecificdevices,seeChapter 16, ConnectingDevices,onpage 331andChapter 11,UsingDisksandDiskDrives,on page 235. To use removable devices in a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. ChooseVM>RemovableDevices><Device_Name>andthenConnect, Disconnect,oroneoftheotherchoices. IfyouchooseSettings,adialogboxappears.Maketheneededchangesandclick OK.Ifyouneedassistance,clickHelptodisplayonlinehelp. IfthedeviceisaUSBdevice,youcanchangewhichiconisusedtorepresentthis deviceinthestatusbar.Youcanalsochoosenottodisplayaniconforthisdevice.
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(Optional)Toconnect,disconnect,orchangesettingsforadevice,clickor rightclickthedeviceiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbarandchoosea commandfromthecontextmenu. Usingthedeviceiconinthevirtualmachinetaskbarisespeciallyusefulifyourun thevirtualmachineinfullscreenmode.
Configure the Appliance View for a Virtual Machine

Tohaveavirtualmachinefunctionasanappliance,suchasaWebserverwitha browserbasedinterface,setthevirtualmachinetodisplayitsapplianceviewwhen startingup. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation6.xorhighervirtual machine.Forinstructionsonupgrading,seeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachine onpage 90. Theapplianceviewdoesthefollowing:

Displaysabriefdescriptionofthetypeofserverorappliance Providesalinkthatopensthebrowseronthehostsystemandconnectstothe appliancesmanagementconsole
NOTETheapplianceviewcannotbedisplayedforvirtualmachinesthatarepartofa team,justasthesummaryviewisnotdisplayedforindividualmembersofateam. To configure the appliance view for a virtual machine 1 (Optional)Tousealogointheapplianceview,createaPNGorBMPimagefilethat isnolargerthan256x256pixelsandplaceitinthedirectorythatcontainsthe.vmx fileforthevirtualmachine. Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroff. 3 4 5 ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectApplianceView. SelecttheEnableapplianceviewcheckbox.
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Completethefieldsonthissettingspaneltocreatethetextandimagesthatusers seewhenthevirtualmachinestartsup. Usethefollowinginformationtoconfigurethesettingsonthispanel:

OnlytheNamefieldisrequired. SpecifytheTCP/IPportnumberfortheappliancetousetoserveHTTP content. IfyoudonotselectSwitchtoapplianceviewatpoweron,theconsoleview appearsinsteadoftheapplianceview.Oftentheconsoleviewshowsonlya simpledisplayofthevirtualmachinesIPaddressandtellstheusertoopena browser.
ClickOK.
Whenauserstartsthisvirtualmachine,theapplianceviewappears.Apoweringon messageappears,followedbyalinktoaccesstheappliancesmanagementconsole.
Create a Screenshot of a Virtual Machine

Youcancaptureascreenshotofavirtualmachineandsaveittotheclipboard,toafile, orboth.OnLinuxhosts,savingtotheclipboardworksonlyonsystemsrunning Gnome 2.12orhigher. Bydefault,theimageissavedasaportablenetworkgraphics(.png)file.OnWindows hosts,youcanalsosaveitasabitmap(.bmp)file. To create a screenshot of a virtual machine 1 Specifyyourpreferencesfortakingscreenshots: a b c FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences. OntheWorkspacetab,usetheSavescreenshotstocheckboxestospecify whethertosavethescreenshottotheclipboard,afile,orboth. IfyouselectFile,specifywhethertosavethefiletoyourdesktoportobe promptedforthelocationwhenyoutakethescreenshot. IfyouselectSavetodesktop,thefilenameisgeneratedautomaticallyfromthe virtualmachinenameandthetimeatwhichthescreenshotistaken.Thefile formatis.pngfile. OnWindowshosts,ifyouselectAskforlocation,whenyouarepromptedfor thefilenameandpath,youcanalsochangethefileformattobitmap. d ClickOK.
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Totakethescreenshot,dooneofthefollowing:

FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>CaptureScreen. PressCtrl+Alt+PrtScr(onWindowshosts)orShift+Ctrl+PrtScr(onLinux hosts). Thekeyboardshortcutworksregardlessofwhethermouseandkeyboard inputiscurrentlygrabbedbythevirtualmachineorthehost. ThekeycombinationCtrl+Alt+PrtScrassumesthatyourvirtualmachineis configuredtoungrabkeyboardandmouseinputifyoupressCtrl+Alt.Ifyou configuredadifferentshortcutforungrabbinginput,usethatshortcutwith thePrtScrkey.SeeChangetheHotKeyCombinationonpage 68.
Create and Play Back a Movie of a Virtual Machine

Youcancaptureamovieofyourscreenactivitywithinavirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavetheVMwaremoviedecoder.Althoughyoucan captureamovieonLinux,youneedtoplayitbackonaWindowsmachine.The VMwareCODEC(coderdecoder)isautomaticallyinstalledwithWorkstationon Windowshosts.Aseparatelydownloadableinstallerisalsoavailabletoplayback moviesonWindowsmachineswithoutWorkstation.GototheDownloadspageonthe VMwareWebsiteandclicktheTools&DriverstabontheVMwareWorkstation downloadpage. NOTEToactuallyrecordtheexecutionofthevirtualmachineinsteadofcreatinga movie,seeChapter 12,RecordingandReplayingVirtualMachineActivity,on page 257.Youmightwanttorecordvirtualmachineexecutionfordebuggingpurposes ortoexactlyreproducethestepsthatcauseacertainbehavior. To create and play back a movie of a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. ChooseVM>CaptureMovie.
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IntheSaveFiledialogbox,enterinformationforyourmovieandclickSave. Usethefollowingguidelines:
TheQualitysettingdeterminesthecompressionandthereforethefilesizeof theresultingmovie. IfyouselectOmitframesinwhichnothingoccurs,themovieincludesonly thoseperiodswhensomethingisactuallyhappeninginthevirtualmachine. Thisreducesthefilesizeandlengthofthemovie.
Whilemoviecaptureisactive,aredcircle(avirtualLED)appearsinthe notificationareaofthetaskbar.
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Inthevirtualmachine,performtheactionstoappearinthemovie. Tostopthemovie,chooseVM>StopMovieCapture. Ifyoudonotwanttousethemenubarorifyouareusingthevirtualmachinein fullscreenmode,rightclickthemoviecaptureiconandchooseStopMovie Capture. Workstationsavesthisimageasan.avifileonthehost.
Playthemoviebackinanycompatiblemediaplayer.
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Advanced Options for Application Developers

ApplicationdeveloperscanusethefollowingAPIs,SDKs,andIDEswhenwritingand debuggingapplicationsthatruninvirtualmachines:
VIXAPIforwritingprogramstoautomatevirtualmachineoperations TheAPI ishighlevel,easytouse,andpracticalforbothscriptwritersandapplication programmers.APIfunctionsallowyoutoregister,poweronoroffvirtual machines,andrunprogramsintheguestoperatingsystems.Additionallanguage bindingsareavailableforPerl,COM,andshellscripts(vmrun).Formore information,seetheVMwareVIXAPIReleaseNotes. VAssertAPIforinsertingreplayonlycodetodebugapplications The experimentalVAssertfeatureenablesyoutousevirtualassertionsasyouwould regularassertionsintheapplicationsyoudevelop.VAssertsappearonlywhenyou replayarecordingofusingtheapplicationandsoareoverheadfree.ThisAPIis currentlyavailableonlyforWindowsguests.SeetheVAssertProgrammingGuide. VProbestoolforinvestigatingguestbehavior YoucanwriteVProbesscripts thatinspectandrecordactivitiesintheguest,VMM,VMX,andvirtualdevicestate, withoutmodifyingthatstate.Forexample,VProbescantrackwhichapplications arerunningorindicatewhichprocessesarecausingpagefaults.SeetheVProbes ProgrammingReference. VMCISocketsinterface ThisfeatureisasocketsinterfacefortheVirtual MachineCommunicationInterface,whichprovidesafastermeansof communicationamongapplicationsrunningonthehostandinvirtualmachines. Thisfeatureiswellsuitedfordeveloperswhowanttowriteclientserver applications.SeetheVMCISocketsProgrammingGuide. IntegratedVirtualDebuggersforVisualStudioandEclipse Theintegrated developmentenvironment(IDE)pluginsprovideaconfigurableinterface betweenvirtualmachinesandVisualStudioorEclipsethatletsyoutest,run,and debugprogramsinvirtualmachines.SeetheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforEclipse DevelopersGuideandIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudioDevelopersGuide.
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Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
Thischapterdiscusseshowtotransferfilesbetweenthehostandguest.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

UsingtheDragandDropFeatureonpage 187 UsingtheCopyandPasteFeatureonpage 189 UsingSharedFoldersonpage 190 UsingaMappedDriveonpage 198
Using the Drag-and-Drop Feature

Usingthedraganddropfeature,youcanmovefilesanddirectories,email attachments,plaintext,andformattedtextbetweenLinuxandWindowshostsand Linux,Windows,andSolaris10guests.YoucanalsomoveimagesbetweenWindows hostsandguests.Tousethedraganddropfeature,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledon thevirtualmachine.ThisfeaturerequiresLinuxhostsandgueststorunXWindows andSolaris10gueststorunanXorgXserverandJDS/Gnome. Youcandragfilesordirectoriesbetweenthefollowinglocations:
Afilemanager,suchasWindowsExplorer,onthehosttoafilemanagerinthe virtualmachineandthereverse. Afilemanagertoanapplicationthatsupportsdraganddrop. Applicationssuchaszipfilemanagersthatsupportdraganddropextractionof individualfiles. Onevirtualmachinetoanother.
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Whenyoudragafileorfolderfromhosttovirtualmachineorthereverse,Workstation copiesthefileorfoldertothelocationwhereyoudropit.Forexample,ifyoudropafile onthedesktopiconofawordprocessor,thewordprocessoropenswithacopyofthe originalfile.Theoriginalfiledoesnotreflectanychangesyoumaketothecopy. Initially,theapplicationopensusingacopyofthefilethatisstoredinyourtemp directory.OnWindows,thisisthedirectoryspecifiedinthe%TEMP%environment variable,andonLinuxandSolaris,itisthe/tmp/VMwareDnDdirectory.Toprotectany changesyoumake,selectFile>SaveAsfromtheapplicationmenuandsavethefilein adifferentdirectory. YoucandragimagesbetweenapplicationsonWindowshostsandapplicationsonlyon Windowsguests,ineitherdirection.Youcanalsodragplaintext,formattedtext,and emailattachmentsbetweenapplicationsonWindowsandLinuxhostsandguestsin anycombination,ineitherdirection.Draggingemailattachmentsisespeciallyusefulin Unitymode. Thedraganddropfeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:

Draggingemailattachmentsisrestrictedtoimagesorfilessmallerthan4MB. Draggingplaintextandformattedtext(includingtheformatting)isrestrictedto amountslessthan4MB. DraggingtextisrestrictedtotextinlanguagesthatcanberepresentedbyUnicode characters. WorkstationusesthePNGformattoencodeimagesthataredragged.Dragging imagesisrestrictedtoimagessmallerthan4MBafterconversiontoPNGformat. DraggingimagesisnotsupportedforLinuxhostsorguests. OnWindows95andWindows98guests,thedraganddropfeatureissupported onlyforfilesanddirectories.
Enable or Disable the Drag-and-Drop Feature

Topreventdragginganddroppingbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehost,disablethe draganddropfeature.Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledonthe virtualmachine. To enable or disable the drag-and-drop feature 1 2 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings.
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Chapter 8 Transferring Files and Text Between the Host and Guest
3 4
ClicktheOptionstabandselectGuestIsolation. SelectordeselecttheEnabledraganddropcheckboxandclickOK.
Using the Copy and Paste Feature

Tousethecopyandpastefeature,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledonthevirtual machine.ThisfeaturerequiresLinuxhostsandgueststorunXWindowsandSolaris10 gueststorunanXorgXserverandJDS/Gnome.Thecopyandpastefeatureworkswith LinuxandWindowshostsandLinux,Windows,andSolaris10guests. Youcancut,copy,andpastetextfromonevirtualmachinetoanother,andyoucancut, copy,andpastetextbetweenapplicationsintwovirtualmachines.Youcanalsocut, copy,andpasteimages,plaintext,formattedtext,andemailattachmentsbetween applicationsonWindowsandLinuxhostsandguestsinanycombination,ineither direction.CopyingandpastingemailattachmentsisespeciallyusefulinUnitymode. Usethenormalhotkeysormenuchoicestocutorcopyandpaste. Thecopyandpastefeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
Copyingandpastingemailattachmentsisrestrictedtoimagesorfilessmallerthan 4MB. Copyingandpastingplaintextandformattedtext(includingtheformatting)is restrictedtoamountslessthan4MB. Copyingandpastingtextisrestrictedtotextinlanguagesthatcanberepresented byUnicodecharacters. WorkstationusesthePNGformattoencodeimagesthatarecopiedandpasted. Copyingandpastingimagesisrestrictedtoimagessmallerthan4MBafter conversiontoPNGformat. Youcannotcopyandpastefilesbetweenvirtualmachines. OnWindows95andWindows98guests,copyingandpastingisrestrictedtoplain textinamountslessthan64KB.
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Enable or Disable the Copy and Paste Feature

Topreventcopyingandpastingbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehost,disablethe copyandpastefeature.Beforeyoubegin,VMwareToolsmustbeinstalledonthe virtualmachine. To enable or disable the copy and paste feature 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectGuestIsolation. SelectordeselecttheEnablecopyandpastecheckboxandclickOK.
Using Shared Folders

Withsharedfoldersyoucansharefilesamongvirtualmachinesandthehostcomputer. Youchooseadirectoryonthehostoronanetworkdirectorythatisaccessibletothe host,andyougiveitthenameyouwanttouseontheguest. Youcanusesharedfolderswithvirtualmachinesrunningthefollowingguest operatingsystemsandonallsupportedhostsystems:

WindowsServer2003 WindowsXP Windows2000 WindowsNT4.0 WindowsVista Windows7 Linuxwithakernelversionof2.6orhigher Solarisx8610 Solarisx8610Update1andhigher
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Set Up Shared Folders

Sharedfoldersprovideaneasywaytosharefilesamongvirtualmachines,andbetween virtualmachinesandthehost.Thedirectoriesyouaddassharedfolderscanbeonthe hostcomputerortheycanbenetworkdirectoriesaccessiblefromthehostcomputer. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethefollowingprerequisitesaresatisfied:
Makesurethevirtualmachinesuseaguestoperatingsystemthatsupportsshared folders.Foralistofsupportedguestoperatingsystems,seeUsingShared Foldersonpage 190. VerifythatthecurrentversionofVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguest.See InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101. Checkpermissionsettings.Accesstofilesinthesharedfolderisgovernedby permissionsettingsonthehostcomputer.Forexample,ifyouarerunning WorkstationasausernamedUser,thevirtualmachinecanreadandwritefilesin thesharedfolderonlyifUserhaspermissiontoreadandwritethem.For informationabouthowpermissionsettingaremappedbetweenLinuxand Windows,seeImprovedHandlingofPermissionsonpage 198.
Tosetupafolderforsharingbetweenvirtualmachines,configureeachvirtualmachine tousethesamedirectoryonthehostsystem(oronthenetwork). To set up shared folders 1 2 3 4 StartWorkstationandselectavirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSharedFolders. SelectAlwaysenabledorEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspend. YoucanselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendonlywhenthevirtual machineispoweredon.Thissettingdisablesfoldersharingtemporarily,untilyou shutdown,suspend,orpoweroffthevirtualmachine.Ifyouselectthisoptionand restartthevirtualmachine,sharedfoldersarenotdisabled.Youmustselectthis optionorAlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolders section. 5 (Optional)Foreasyaccess,selecttheMapasanetworkdriveinWindowsguests checkboxtomapadrivetotheShared Foldersdirectory. Thisdirectorycontainsallthesharedfoldersyouenable.Thedriveletterisselected automatically.
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ClickAdd. OnWindows,clickingAddstartstheAddSharedFolderwizard.OnLinux,it openstheSharedFolderPropertiesdialogbox.
UsethefollowinginformationtocompletethewizardorPropertiesdialogbox:
HostpathPathonthehosttothedirectorythatyouwanttoshare. Ifyouspecifyadirectoryonanetworkshare,suchasD:\share,Workstation alwaysattemptstousethatpath.Ifthedirectoryislaterconnectedtothehost onadifferentdriveletter,thesharedfoldercannotbelocated.
NameNamethatappearsinsidethevirtualmachine. Charactersthattheguestoperatingsystemconsidersillegalinasharename appeardifferentlywhenviewedinsidetheguest.Forexample,ifyouusean asteriskinasharename,yousee%002Ainsteadof*inthesharenameonthe guest.IllegalcharactersareconvertedtotheirASCIIhexadecimalvalue.
EnablethisshareDeselectthisoptiontodisableasharedfolderwithout deletingitfromthevirtualmachineconfiguration.Youcanenablethefolder byselectingthecheckboxnexttoitsnameinthelist. Toenableafolderatalatertimeselectitsnameinthelist,clickProperties,and enablethefolderinthePropertiesdialogbox.
ReadonlySelectthisoptiontopreventthevirtualmachinefromchanging thecontentsofthesharedfolderinthehostfilesystem.Accesstofilesinthe sharedfolderisalsogovernedbypermissionsettingsonthehostcomputer.
Tochangetheseproperties,usethePropertiesdialogbox.OnWindows,afteryou selectSharedFoldersontheOptionstab,clickProperties. 8 (Optional)Toenablesharedfoldersforavirtualmachineafterasharedfolderis created,ontheSharedFolderssettingspanel,usetheFolderSharingsection:
SelectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendtoenablefoldersharing temporarily,untilyoupoweroff,suspend,orshutdownthevirtualmachine. IfyouselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendandrestartthevirtual machine,sharedfoldersarenotdisabled.
SelectAlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolders section.
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Accesstheenabledsharedfolder:
ForWindowsguests,seeViewSharedFoldersinaWindowsGueston page 195. OnLinuxguests,sharedfoldersappearunder/mnt/hgfs. OnSolarisguests,sharedfoldersappearunder/hgfs.
Enabling and Disabling Shared Folders

Youcanenablesharedfoldersforvirtualmachinescreatedbyotherusers,enableor disableallfoldersharingforaspecificvirtualmachine,andenableaspecificshared folderforavirtualmachine. CAUTIONEnablingallsharedfolderscanposeasecurityriskbecauseasharedfolder mightenableexistingprogramsinsidethevirtualmachinetoaccessthehostfilesystem withoutyourknowledge.
Enable Shared Folders for Virtual Machines Created By Other Users

Asharedfolderisdisabledbydefaultifitwasnotcreatedbytheuserwhopowerson thevirtualmachine.Thisisasecurityprecaution. FoldersharingisalsodisabledbydefaultforWorkstation4and5.xvirtualmachines regardlessofwhocreatedthefolder. To enable shared folders for virtual machines created by other users 1 2 ChooseEdit>Preferences. OntheWorkspacetab,intheVirtualMachinessection,selectEnableallshared foldersbydefault. Thissettingappliestosharedfoldersonallvirtualmachinesthatarecreatedby otherusers,suchasappliancedevelopers. Youcannowspecifywhichvirtualmachinescansharefoldersandwhichfolderscan beshared.
Enable or Disable Folder Sharing for Specific Virtual Machines

Toreducethesecuritythreatofenablingallsharedfolders,youmustspecifywhether aspecificvirtualmachineisallowedtosharefoldersandthenspecifywhichfoldersto share.
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To enable or disable folder sharing for specific virtual machines 1 2 3 4 Selectavirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSharedFolders. UsethebuttonsintheFolderSharingsectiontoenableordisablesharedfolders andclickOK. YoucanselectEnableduntilnextpowerofforsuspendonlywhenthevirtual machineispoweredon.Thissettingdisablesfoldersharingtemporarily,untilyou shutdown,suspend,orpoweroffthevirtualmachine.Ifyouselectthisoptionand restartthevirtualmachine,sharedfoldersarenotdisabled.Youmustselectthis optionorAlwaysenabledtoenableordisablespecificfoldersintheFolders section. 5 IfthevirtualmachinehasaWindowsoperatingsystem,selectwhethertomapa networkdrive. OnWindows,ifyoudisablesharedfolders,afteryoupoweronavirtualmachine andattempttoselectamappeddrivetothesharedfolder,youreceiveamessage thattheconnectioncannotbemade. Afteryouenablefoldersharingforavirtualmachine,specifywhichfolderscanbe shared.
Specify Which Folders to Share

Beforeyoubegin,makesurethevirtualmachineisallowedtosharefolders.See EnableorDisableFolderSharingforSpecificVirtualMachinesonpage 193. To specify which folders to share 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings>Options>SharedFolders. IntheFolderslistforthevirtualmachine,selectthecheckboxnexttothenameof thesharedfolderthatyouwanttoenable. (Optional)Tomakethesharedfolderreadonly,selectthesharedfolderandclick Properties,selectthereadonlycheckboxandclickOK.
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Viewing a Shared Folder

Viewingsharedfoldersinaguestvariesbasedonwhethertheguestoperatingsystem isWindows,Solaris,orLinux.Youcanusesharedfolderstoshareanytypeoffiles. Todeterminewhichfoldersonthehostarebeingsharedwithavirtualmachine,choose VM>Settings>Options>SharedFolderstoseealistofthesharedfoldersandthe directorypathstothem. CAUTIONDonotopenafileinasharedfolderfrommorethanoneapplicationatatime. Forexample,donotopenthesamefileusinganapplicationonthehostoperating systemandanotherapplicationintheguestoperatingsystem.Ifoneoftheapplications writestothefile,datacorruptioncanoccur.
View Shared Folders in a Windows Guest

InaWindowsguestoperatingsystem,youcanviewsharedfoldersusingdesktop icons. NOTEIfyourguestoperatingsystemhasVMwareToolsfromWorkstation4.0,shared foldersappearasfoldersonadesignateddriveletter. To view shared folders in a Windows guest
LookinMyNetworkPlaces>EntireNetwork(NetworkNeighborhoodfora WindowsNTguest,orNetworkforWindowsVistaandWindows7)under VMwareSharedFolders. Ifyouhavetroublefindingasharedfolderusingthedesktopicon,openWindows ExplorerandlookinMyNetworkPlaces(orNetworkNeighborhood).
Toviewaspecificsharedfolder,dooneofthefollowing:
NavigatetoitontheguestsystembyopeningMyNetworkPlaces>Entire Network>VMwareSharedFolders>vmwarehost>SharedFolders> <shared_folder_name>. GodirectlytothefolderusingtheUNCpath \\vmware-host\Shared Folders\<shared_folder_name>.
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View Shared Folders in a Linux or Solaris 10 Guest

Forinformationaboutpermissionsettingsonthefilesyouview,alsoseePermissions andFolderMountingforSharedFoldersonLinuxGuestsonpage 196. To view shared folders in a Linux or Solaris 10 guest

OnaLinuxvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunder/mnt/hgfs. OnaSolarisvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunder/hgfs.
Permissions and Folder Mounting for Shared Folders on Linux Guests

ThelatestversionofVMwareToolsincludedinWorkstationcontainsperformance improvements,supportforsymboliclinksifyouuseaLinuxhost,anewmechanism formountingsharedfolders,andpermissionsenhancements.
Performance Improvements
Hostguestfilesharingisintegratedwiththeguestpagecache.Filesinsharedfolders arecachedforreadingandcanbewrittentoasynchronously.However,youdonot experiencethereadcachingbenefitsonfilesthatarebeingactivelywrittentofromthe guest. Tospeedperformance,usethettl(timetolive)optiontothemountcommand.Use thisoptiontospecifytheintervalusedbythehgfs(hostguestfilesystem)driverfor validatingfileattributes.Forexample,ifyouusethefollowingcommand,attributesare validatedevery3secondsinsteadofevery1second,whichisthedefault:
mount -o ttl=3 -t vmhgfs .host:/<share> <mountpoint>
NOTELengtheningtheintervalinvolvessomerisk.Ifaprocessinthehostmodifiesa filesattributes,theguestmightnotgetthemodificationsasquickly,andthefilecan becomecorrupted.
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Folder Mounting
Thismechanismallowsyoutomountoneormoredirectoriesorsubdirectoriesina sharedfoldertoanylocationinyourfilesysteminadditiontothedefaultlocationof /mnt/hgfs.Youcanusethemountprogramtomountallshares,oneshare,ora subdirectorywithinasharetoanylocationinyourfilesystem.Thefollowingtable providesexamples.
Command mount -t vmhgfs .host:/ /home/user1/shares mount -t vmhgfs .host:/foo /tmp/foo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/foo/bar /var/lib/bar Description Mountsallsharesto /home/user1/shares Mountsthesharenamedfooto /tmp/foo Mountsthesubdirectorybarwithin thesharefooto/var/lib/bar
Whenyouusethemountprogram,youcanuseVMwarespecificoptionsinadditionto thestandardmountsyntax.Toseeusageinformationforthehostguestfilesystem options,enterthiscommand:

/sbin/mount.vmhgfs -h
NOTEWhenyouinstallVMwareTools,anentryismadetoetc/fstabtospecifythe locationofsharedfolders.Youcaneditthisfiletochangeoraddentries. Tousemountinthisway,youmustusethevirtualmachinesettingseditorin Workstationtosetupandenableasharedfolder.Aftertheshareexists,youcanmount thesharedfoldertootherlocationsbesidesthedefault. InpreviousversionsofVMwareTools,whenaLinuxguestattemptedtomounta sharedfolder,thevmware-guestdprogramattemptedtoperformthemount.Ifit failed,theonlyevidenceofthefailurewasanemptyfolder. WiththenewversionofVMwareTools,theToolsservicesscriptloadsadriverthat performsthemount.Ifthemountfails,amessageappearsregardingmountingHGFS shares. Themountcanfailifsharedfoldersaredisabledorifthesharedoesnotexist.Youare notpromptedtoreruntheVMwareToolsconfigurator(the vmware-config-tools.plfile).
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Improved Handling of Permissions

ManyrefinementshavebeenmadeforLinuxguestsonbothLinuxandWindowshosts:
IfyouuseaLinuxhostandcreatefilesthatyouwanttosharewithaLinuxguest, thefilepermissionsshownontheguestareexactlythesameasthoseonthehost. Usefmaskanddmasktomaskpermissionsbitsforfilesanddirectories.
IfyouuseaWindowshostandcreatefilesthatyouwanttosharewithaLinux guest,readonlyfilesaredisplayedashavingreadandexecutepermissionfor everyone,andotherfilesareshownasfullywritablebyeveryone. IfyouuseaLinuxguesttocreatefilesforwhichyouwanttorestrictpermissions, usethemountprogramwiththefollowingoptionsintheguest:uid,gid,fmask, dmask,ro(readonly),andrw(readwrite).Notethatrwisthedefault. IfyouareusingavirtualmachinecreatedwiththeWindowsversionof WorkstationorapreviousreleaseoftheLinuxversionofWorkstation,youcan changeonlytheownerpermissions.Thisbehavioristhesameasinprevious releases.
Using a Mapped Drive

Youcanmapavirtualdisktoahostinsteadofusingsharedfoldersorcopyingdata betweenaguestandhost.Inthiscase,youcanmapavirtualdiskinahostfilesystem asaseparatemappeddrive.Usingamappeddriveletsyouconnecttothevirtualdisk withoutgoingintoavirtualmachine. Afteryoumapthevirtualdisktoadriveonthehost,youcannotpoweronanyvirtual machinethatusesthatdiskuntilyoudisconnectitfromthehost. YoucanuseWorkstationtomapthedisktoadriveonthehost,andtodisconnectthe drive.OnWindows,ifyouattempttousethehostsMyComputer>Tools> DisconnectNetworkDrivecommand,youwillnotseethemappeddriveletterinthe listofnetworkdrives.
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Map or Mount a Virtual Disk to a Drive on the Host

Beforeyoubegintomapavirtualdisk,makesurethatallvirtualmachinesthatusethe diskarepoweredoff.Also,takethefollowingconsiderationsintoaccount:
OnWindowshost,youcanmountvolumesformattedwithFAT(12/16/32)orNTFS only.Ifthevirtualdiskhasamixofpartitions(volumes)where,forexample,a partitionisunformattedorisformattedwithaLinuxoperatingsystemand anotherpartitionisformattedwithaWindowsoperatingsystem,youcanmount theWindowspartitiononly. Youcanmountavirtualdiskthathasasnapshot,butifyouwritetothedisk,you canirreparablydamageasnapshotorlinkedclonepreviouslycreatedfromthe virtualmachine. Youcannotmountavirtualdiskifanyofits.vmdkfilesarecompressedorhave readonlypermissions.Changetheseattributesbeforemountingthevirtualdisk. Youcannotmapormountavirtualdiskthatisencrypted. CAUTIONVMwarerecommendsthatonWindowshost,youleavethecheckbox OpenfileinreadonlymodeselectedintheMapaVirtualDiskdialogbox.This settingpreventsyoufromaccidentallywritingdatatoavirtualdiskthatmightbe theparentofasnapshotorlinkedclone.Writingtosuchadiskmightmakethe snapshotorcloneunusable.
To map or mount a virtual disk to a drive on the host 1 Openthemenutomountavirtualdisktoadriveonthehost.

OnWindows,selectFile>MaporDisconnectVirtualDisks. OnLinux,selectFile>MountorUnmountVirtualDisks.
Mapormountavirtualdisk.

OnWindows,intheMaporDisconnectVirtualDrivesdialogbox,clickMap. OnLinux,intheMountorUnmountVirtualDrivesdialogbox,clickMount Disk.
Inthedialogbox,clickBrowse,navigatetoadiskfile(.vmdkfile),selectit,and clickOpen.
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4 5
Selectthevolumetomapormount,andselectadriveletterthatisnotbeingused onyourhost. ClickOKorMount. Thedriveappearsonyourhost.Fromthehost,youcanreadfromorwritetofiles onthemappedvirtualdisk.
(Optional)Toviewamappeddrive,dooneofthefollowing:

OnWindows,selectFile>MaporDisconnectVirtualDisks. OnLinux,selectFile>MountorUnmountVirtualDisks.
Whenyouarereadytounmaporunmountthedrive,seeDisconnecttheHostfrom theVirtualDiskonpage 200.
Disconnect the Host from the Virtual Disk

Toaccessthemappedvirtualdiskfromavirtualmachineagain,youmustdisconnect it.Youcandisconnectthehostfromthevirtualdiskusingtwodifferentmethods. To disconnect the host from the virtual disk Dooneofthefollowing:
UsetheFilemenuinWorkstation: a b c d ChooseFile>MaporDisconnectVirtualDisksorMountorUnmount VirtualDisks. Inthedialogbox,selectavolumetodisconnectandclickDisconnector Unmount. Ifyoureceiveanerrormessageaskingwhethertoforciblydisconnect,click Yes. ClickOK.
UsetheVMmenuforaselectedvirtualmachine: a b ChooseVM>Settings>Hardware. SelecttheharddiskandclickUtilities>DisconnectorUnmount.
Youcannowpoweronanyvirtualmachinethatusesthisdisk.
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Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine
Suspendingavirtualmachineletsyousavethecurrentstatesothatyoucancontinue worklaterfromthesamestate.Takingasnapshotletsyoupreservethestateofthe virtualmachinesoyoucanreturntothesamestaterepeatedly.Thischapterincludes thefollowingtopics:

UsingtheSuspendandResumeFeaturesonpage 201 UsingSnapshotsonpage 203
Using the Suspend and Resume Features

Youcanusethesuspendandresumefeaturestosavethecurrentstateofavirtual machine.Whenyouresume,anyapplicationsyouwererunningwhenyoususpended thevirtualmachineareresumedintheirrunningstate,andthecontentisthesameas whenyoususpendedthevirtualmachine. Thespeedofthesuspendandresumeoperationsdependsonhowmuchdatachanged sincethevirtualmachinestarted.Ingeneral,thefirstsuspendoperationtakeslonger thanlatersuspendoperations. Whenyouresumeanddoadditionalworkinthevirtualmachine,youcannotreturnto thestatethevirtualmachinewasinatthetimeyoususpended.Topreservethestateof thevirtualmachinesothatyoucanreturntothesamestaterepeatedly,takeasnapshot, asdescribedinUsingSnapshotsonpage 203.
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Use Hard Suspend or Soft Suspend

YoucanconfiguretheSuspendbuttonormenucommandtorunaVMwareToolsscript intheguestoperatingsystembeforedoingthesuspendoperation.Thisconfiguration iscalledasoftsuspend. Beforeyoubegin,makesureVMwareToolsisinstalledintheguestoperatingsystem. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101. OnWindowsguests,whenyoudoasoftsuspend,ascriptreleasestheIPaddressifthe guestoperatingsystemisusingDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,the scriptstopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.WhenyouusetheResumecommand onWindowsguests,ascriptgetsanewIPaddressfromDHCP.OnLinux,FreeBSD,and Solarisguests,networkingrestarts. To use hard suspend or soft suspend 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectPower. InthePowercontrolssection,specifyahardsuspend(Suspend)orasoftsuspend (SuspendGuest)operation. ClickOK.
Suspend or Resume a Virtual Machine

Thesuspendandresumefeaturesletyousavethecurrentstateofyourvirtualmachine andcontinueworklaterfromthesamestate. Beforesuspendingavirtualmachine,specifywhethertostopnetworkingbefore suspending.SeeUseHardSuspendorSoftSuspendonpage 202. To suspend or resume a virtual machine Dooneofthefollowing:
Tosuspendavirtualmachine,chooseVM>Power>Suspend. Ifthevirtualmachineisrunninginexclusivefullscreenmode,whichhidesthe toolbar,returntowindowedmodebypressingtheCtrl+Alt+Enterkey combination. Whenyoususpendavirtualmachine,afilewitha.vmssextensioniscreatedin theworkingdirectory.
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Chapter 9 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine
Toresumeasuspendedvirtualmachine,selectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM >Power>Resume. Whenyouresumethevirtualmachine,itsstateisrestoredfromthe.vmssfile.
Using Snapshots
Takingsnapshotsletsyoupreservethestateofthevirtualmachinesothatyoucan returntothesamestaterepeatedly.
Scenarios for Using Multiple Snapshots

Youcantakemultiplesnapshotsofavirtualmachine.
Snapshots in a Linear Process

Takingsnapshotsinalinearprocessmeanstakingasnapshot,continuingtousethe virtualmachinefromthatpoint,takinganothersnapshotatalaterpoint,andsoon. Eachsnapshotisarestorationpointinasinglelongsequence. Figure 9-1. Snapshots as Restoration Points in a Linear Process
Windows operating system
lesson 1
lesson 2
lesson 3
lesson 4
lesson 5
Workstationsupportsmorethan100snapshotsforeachlinearprocess. Usesnapshotsinalinearprocessforthefollowingsituations:
Youplantomakeriskychangesinavirtualmachine,suchasbytestingnew softwareorexaminingavirus.Beforeaddingnew,untestedcodetoaproject,take asnapshot. Youcanalwaysreverttoapreviousknownworkingstateoftheprojectifthenew codedoesnotworkasexpected.Ifthenewcodecausesnoproblems,youcantake anothersnapshotofthevirtualmachineinitsnewstate. NOTEYoucanconfigureavirtualmachinetotakeasnapshotanytimeitis poweredoff,preservingavirtualaudittrailasworkprogresses.SeeTakeor ReverttoaSnapshotatPowerOffonpage 213.
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Youcreateatrainingcourseandwanttosavethestateofthevirtualmachineina snapshotateachlessonsstartingpoint.Youcanusethesnapshotstoskiplengthy computerpreparationtime. Youcanalsoconfigurethevirtualmachinetoreverttoasnapshotanytimeitis poweredoff.Eachtimeanewclassbeginsalesson,thepreviousstudentsworkis discarded.SeeRevertatPowerOffonpage 212.
Snapshots in a Process Tree

Youcansaveanumberofsequencesasbranchesfromasinglebaseline,asFigure 92 shows.Thisstrategyisoftenusedintestingsoftware.Youcantakeasnapshotbefore installingdifferentversionsofaprogramtoensurethateachinstallationbeginsfrom anidenticalbaseline. Figure 9-2. Snapshots as Restoration Points in a Process Tree
Windows operating system
baseline
IE base
Firefox base
SP1
IE base1
You Are Here
Firefox base1
SP2
IE base2
Firefox base2
AlthoughWorkstationsupportsmorethan100snapshotsforeachbranchinaprocess tree,keepingmorethan99mightcausetheguestoperatingsystemtohaveproblems booting.Deletesomesnapshotsormakeafullcloneofthevirtualmachine.
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Snapshot Relationships
Therelationshipbetweensnapshotsislikeaparentchildrelationship:
Inalinearprocess,eachsnapshothasoneparentandonechild,exceptforthelast snapshot,whichhasnochildren. Inaprocesstree,eachsnapshothasoneparent,butonesnapshotcanhavemore thanonechild.Manysnapshotshavenochildren.
Theparentsnapshotofavirtualmachineisthesnapshotonwhichthecurrentstate(the YouAreHerepositioninFigure 93)isbased.Afteryoutakeasnapshot,thatstored stateistheparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine.Ifyourevertorgotoanearlier snapshot,theearliersnapshotbecomestheparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine. Figure 9-3. Parent-Child Relationship Between Snapshots
Snapshots 2, 3, and 4 are all children of Snapshot1.
Snapshot 4 is the parent of the You Are Here position and therefore the parent of the virtual machine.
Information Captured by Snapshots

Asnapshotcapturestheentirestateofthevirtualmachineatthetimeyoutakethe snapshotwhichincludesthefollowingconfigurations.

MemorystateContentsofthevirtualmachinememory SettingsstateVirtualmachinesettings DiskstateStateofallthevirtualdisks
Thestateofaphysicaldiskisnotpreservedwhenyoutakeasnapshot.However,the stateofanindependentdiskisnotaffectedbysnapshots. Snapshotsoperateonindividualvirtualmachines.Ifyouselectateamofvirtual machinesandtakeasnapshot,onlythestateoftheactivevirtualmachineispreserved. SeeSummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachinesonpage 276.
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Whenyoureverttoasnapshot,youreturnthememory,settings,andvirtualdisksof thevirtualmachinetothestatetheywereinwhenyoutookthesnapshot.Tosuspend, poweron,orpoweroffthevirtualmachinewhenyoulaunchit,besureitisinthatstate whenyoutakethesnapshot.
Snapshot Conflicts
Avoidtakingasnapshotwhenapplicationsinthevirtualmachinearecommunicating withothercomputers,especiallyinproductionenvironments. Supposeyoutakeasnapshotwhilethevirtualmachineisdownloadingafilefroma serveronthenetwork.Afteryoutakethesnapshot,thevirtualmachinecontinues downloadingthefile,communicatingitsprogresstotheserver.Ifyoureverttothe snapshot,communicationsbetweenthevirtualmachineandtheserverareconfused andthefiletransferfails. Orconsideracaseinwhichyoutakeasnapshotwhileanapplicationinthevirtual machineissendingatransactiontoadatabaseonaseparatemachine.Ifyourevertto thatsnapshotafterthetransactionstartsbutbeforeitiscommitted,thedatabaseis likelytobeconfused.
Enable or Disable Background Snapshots

Whenyousetapreferencetotakesnapshotsinthebackground,youcancontinue workingwhilethestateofthevirtualmachineisbeingpreserved.Aprogressindicator forthebackgroundsnapshotisdisplayedinoneofthecornersoftheWorkstation window. Beforeyoubegin,onLinuxhosts,runWorkstationastherootuser.Onlyrootusersare allowedtochangethispreferencesetting. IfyoutakeanothersnapshotorreverttoasnapshotbeforeWorkstationcompletesa pendingsnapshotoperation,aprogressdialogboxappears.Youmustwaitforthe pendingsnapshotoperationtofinishbeforethenextsnapshotorresumeoperation begins. Enablingbackgroundsnapshotsforahostwithslowharddiskscanadverselyaffect performance.Ifyouexperiencesignificantperformanceproblemswhentakingor restoringsnapshots,disablebackgroundsnapshots.
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To enable or disable background snapshots 1 2 3 4 ChooseEdit>Preferences. ClickthePrioritytab. UsethecheckboxintheSnapshotssectiontoenableordisablebackground snapshots. ClickOKandrestartthevirtualmachine.
Exclude a Virtual Disk from Snapshots

Incertainconfigurations,youmightwanttorevertsomediskstoasnapshotwhile otherdisksretainallchanges.Forexample,youmightwantasnapshottopreservea diskwithyouroperatingsystemandapplications,whilealwayskeepingthechanges toadiskwithyourdocuments. Youcanexcludevirtualdisksfromasnapshotbychangingthediskmode.Beforeyou begin,poweroffthevirtualmachineanddeleteanyexistingsnapshots. To exclude a virtual disk from snapshots 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthedrivetoexcludeandclickAdvanced. SelectIndependentandselectoneofthefollowingoptions:
PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhen youpowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyou torestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime. Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeleted whenyoupowerofforreset.
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Snapshot Manager Overview

Youcanreviewallsnapshotsfortheactivevirtualmachineandactonthemdirectlyin thesnapshotmanager. Table 91identifiestheiconsthatyoumightseeinthesnapshottreeofthesnapshot manager. Table 9-1. Snapshot Manager Icons
Icon Description Snapshotofavirtualmachinethatispoweredoff
Snapshotofavirtualmachinethatispoweredon
Snapshotusedtocreatealinkedclone
Recordingofavirtualmachine
AutoProtectsnapshot
YouAreHereicon
Thesnapshottreeshowsallsnapshotsforthevirtualmachineandtherelationship betweensnapshots.TheYouAreHereiconisnotasnapshot.Itshowsthecurrentstate ofthevirtualmachine.SeeSnapshotRelationshipsonpage 205. NOTEPointtoasnapshot(withoutclicking)todisplaythecompletenameofthat snapshot.
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MostsnapshotmanageractionsareavailableasmenucommandsfromtheVM> Snapshotmenu.Thefollowingactions,however,areavailableonlyfromthesnapshot manager:
RenamingasnapshotTheNametextboxiseditable.Ifyourenameasnapshot foraclonedvirtualmachine,usetheDescriptionfieldforfutureidentification. ChangingoraddingadescriptionTheDescriptiontextboxiseditable. DeletingasnapshotSeeDeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 212.
OnLinuxhosts,thesnapshotmanagerhasaslightlydifferentappearance.OnLinux hosts,rightclickthetoolbartochangetheiconstyle.Youcandisplayiconsandtext, iconsonly,textonly,andsoon.
Open and Use the Snapshot Manager

Usethesnapshotmanagertoreviewallsnapshotsfortheactivevirtualmachineand workonthemdirectly. To open and use the snapshot manager 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. Selectasnapshotorrecordingandclickthebuttonfortheneededaction. Toselectmorethanonesnapshotorrecording,Ctrl+clicktheneededsnapshots andrecordings. IftheTakeSnapshotbuttonisdisabled,itmightbebecausethevirtualmachine hasmultipledisksindifferentdiskmodes.Forexample,ifyouhaveaspecial purposeconfigurationthatrequiresyoutouseanindependentdisk,youmust poweroffthevirtualmachinebeforetakingasnapshot.
Take a Snapshot
Youcanusuallytakeasnapshotwhileavirtualmachineispoweredon,poweredoff, orsuspended. Followingaretheprerequisitesfortakingasnapshot:

Anysuspendoperationsmustbecomplete. Thevirtualmachineisnotcommunicatingwithanothercomputer.SeeSnapshot Conflictsonpage 206.
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Ifyouruseofvirtualmachinesisstronglyperformanceoriented,theguest operatingsystemsdrivesaredefragmented.SeeDefragmentVirtualDiskson page 239. Ifthevirtualmachinehasmultipledisksindifferentdiskmodes,thevirtual machineispoweredoff.Forexample,ifaspecialpurposeconfigurationrequires youtouseanindependentdisk,youmustpoweroffthevirtualmachinebefore takingasnapshot. IfthevirtualmachinewascreatedwithWorkstation4deleteanyexisting snapshotsorupgradethevirtualmachinetoWorkstation5.xorhigher.See ChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 90. Tocreateachildsnapshot,youmustreverttoanearliersnapshot.Withthecreation ofachildsnapshot,thelinearprocessbecomesaprocesstree.SeeRestorean EarlierStatefromaSnapshotonpage 211andSnapshotRelationshipson page 205.
To take a snapshot 1 2 3 ChooseVM>Snapshot>Take Snapshot. Enterauniquename. (Optional)Enteradescription. Usethisfieldtorecordnotesaboutthevirtualmachinestatecapturedinthe snapshot. 4 ClickOK. Thestoredsnapshotistheparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine. 5 (Optional)Tocreateachildsnapshotyoumustreverttoanearliersnapshotfrom theSnapshotManager. a b ChooseVM>SnapshotManager. ChooseasnapshottoreverttoandclickGoTo.
Thecurrentstateofthevirtualmachineislostandachildsnapshotiscreated.
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Rename a Snapshot or Recording

Usethesnapshotmanagertochangethenameofasnapshotoritsdescriptionatany time. To rename a snapshot or recording 1 2 3 ChooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. Selectthesnapshotorrecording. EditthetextintheNametextboxandclickClose. Ifyourenameasnapshotforaclonedvirtualmachine,usetheDescriptionfieldto specifywhichvirtualmachinewascloned.
Restore an Earlier State from a Snapshot

RestoreasnapshotinWorkstationbyusingtheRevertandGotocommands. TheRevertcommandhasthesameeffectasusingtheGotocommandandselecting theparentsnapshotofthevirtualmachine.Itrevertstotheparentsnapshotofthe currentstate.ThisstatecorrespondstotheYouAreHerepositioninthesnapshot manager.SeeSnapshotRelationshipsonpage 205. TheGotocommandisnotlimitedtotheparentsnapshotofthecurrentstate.Youcan chooseanyexistingsnapshotofthevirtualmachine. CAUTIONIfyouaddanindependentdisktoavirtualmachineandtakeasnapshot, revertingtothesnapshotwillnotaffectthestateoftheindependentdisk. Butifyoutakeasnapshotofavirtualmachineandthenaddanykindofdisk,reverting tothesnapshotwillremovethediskfromthevirtualmachine.Ifassociateddisk (.vmdk)filesarenotusedbyanothersnapshot,thediskfilesaredeleted. To restore an earlier state from a snapshot Dooneofthefollowing:

Toreverttotheparentsnapshot,chooseVM>Snapshot>ReverttoSnapshot. Toreverttoasnapshotthatisnottheparent,chooseVM>Snapshotandselectthe snapshotname.
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Tosetthevirtualmachinetoreverttotheparentsnapshoteverytimethevirtual machineispoweredoff,seeRevertatPowerOffonpage 212. NOTEThelistofsnapshotsinVM>SnapshotdoesnotshowanAutoProtect snapshotuntilyourestorethatsnapshotinthesnapshotmanager.Usethe snapshotmanager(VM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager)todisplayandrestore AutoProtectsnapshots.
Revert at Power Off

Youcansetthevirtualmachinetoreverttotheparentsnapshotanytimeitispowered off.Theparentsnapshotofavirtualmachineisthesnapshotonwhichthecurrentstate (theYouAreHereposition)isbased. To set a virtual machine to revert to a snapshot at power off 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSnapshot/Replay. IntheWhenpoweringoffsection,selectReverttosnapshot.
Delete a Snapshot or a Recording

Inmostcases,deletingasnapshotorrecordingdoesnotaffectothersnapshots, recordings,orthecurrentstateofthevirtualmachine.Usethesnapshotmanagerto deleteasnapshot. CAUTIONIfasnapshotisusedtocreateaclone,thesnapshotbecomeslocked.Ifyou deletealockedsnapshot,theclonescreatedfromthatsnapshotnolongeroperate. Youcannotdeleteasnapshotiftheassociatedvirtualmachineisdesignatedasa templateforcloning.SeeEnableTemplateModeforaParentVirtualMachineof LinkedClonesonpage 221. To delete a snapshot or recording 1 2 SelectVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. (Optional)TodeleteAutoProtectsnapshots,makesurethatShowAutoProtect snapshotsisselected.
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Selectanoptiontodeleteasnapshotorrecording:

Todeleteasinglesnapshotorrecording,selectitandclickDelete. Todeleteasnapshotorrecordingandallofitschildren,rightclickitandselect DeleteSnapshot/RecordingandChildren. IfthechildrenofthesnapshotincludeAutoProtectsnapshots,theAutoProtect snapshotsaredeletedonlyifShowAutoProtectsnapshotsisselected.
Todeleteallsnapshotsandrecordings,rightclickasnapshotorrecording, selectSelectAll,andclickDelete.
Whenpromptedtoconfirmthedeletion,clickOK,andclickCloseinthesnapshot manager.
Take or Revert to a Snapshot at Power Off

Youcansetavirtualmachinetoautomaticallyreverttoasnapshotortotakeanew snapshotwheneveryoupoweroffthevirtualmachine. To take a snapshot or revert to one at power off 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectSnapshot/Replay. SelectanoptionintheWhenpoweringoffsection:

JustpoweroffPowersoffwithoutmakinganychangestosnapshots. ReverttosnapshotRevertstotheparentsnapshotofthecurrentstateofthe virtualmachine(thatis,theparentsnapshotoftheYouAreHerepositionin theSnapshotManagerwindow). Aninstructormightusethissettingtodiscardstudentanswersforacomputer lessonwhenavirtualmachineispoweredoffattheendofclass.
TakeanewsnapshotTakesasnapshotofthevirtualmachinestateafteritis poweredoff.Thisisusefultopreservemilestonesautomatically.Thesnapshot appearsinthesnapshotmanager.Thenameofthissnapshotisthedateand timethevirtualmachinewaspoweredoff.ThedescriptionisAutomatic snapshotcreatedwhenpoweringoff. AskmePromptsyou,everytimeyoupoweroffavirtualmachine,tochoose topoweroff,revert,ortakeasnapshot.
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Using AutoProtect Snapshots

TheAutoProtectfeaturepreservesthestateofyourvirtualmachinebytaking snapshotsatregularintervalsthatyouspecify.Thisprocessisinadditiontomanual snapshots,whichyoucantakeatanytime. YoucansetAutoProtectoptionsintheOptionstaboftheVirtualMachineSettings window(VM>Settings).YouselecttheintervaloftimebetweenAutoProtect snapshotsandthemaximumnumberofsnapshotsthatwillberetained.Afterthe maximumnumberofAutoProtectsnapshotsisreached,Workstationdeletestheoldest AutoProtectsnapshoteachtimeanewAutoProtectsnapshotistaken.Basedonthe settingsyouenter,WorkstationretainsaselectionofAutoProtectsnapshotsovera rangeoftime.WorkstationdisplaysthisselectionintheVirtualMachineSettings window,alongwithanestimateoftheminimumamountofdiskspacetakenby AutoProtectsnapshots.ThisminimumisaffectedbytheMemorysettinginVirtual MachineSettings.Themorevirtualmemoryyourvirtualmachinehas,themoredisk spaceisavailableforAutoProtectsnapshots. TheintervalbetweenAutoProtectsnapshotsismeasuredonlywhenthevirtual machineispoweredon.Forexample,supposeyousetAutoProtecttotakesnapshots hourly,andthenpoweroffthevirtualmachinefiveminuteslater.ThenextAutoProtect snapshottakesplace55minutesafteryoupoweronthevirtualmachineagain, regardlessofthelengthoftimethevirtualmachinewaspoweredoff.
AutoProtect Restrictions
TheAutoProtectfeaturehasthefollowingrestrictions:
BecauseAutoProtecttakessnapshotsonlywhileavirtualmachineispoweredon, AutoProtectsnapshotscannotbecloned.Youcancloneavirtualmachineonlyifit ispoweredoff. AutoProtectsnapshotsarenottakeninVMwarePlayer,evenifAutoProtectwas enabledforthevirtualmachineinWorkstation. AutoProtectsnapshotsarenottakenwhileyouareusingtheRecord/Replay feature.
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Set Up Automatic Snapshots with AutoProtect

YoucansetWorkstationtotakesnapshotsofyourvirtualmachineatregularintervals, withtheAutoProtectfeature. To set up automatic snapshots with AutoProtect 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settings. OntheOptionstab,underSettings,selectAutoProtect. SelectEnableAutoProtect. Selecttheintervalbetweensnapshots. SelectthemaximumnumberofAutoProtectsnapshotstoretain. Thissettingdoesnotaffectthenumberofregularsnapshotsyoucantakeandkeep. 7 SelectOK.
Preserve AutoProtect Snapshots from Being Deleted

AfterWorkstationhastakenthemaximumnumberofAutoProtectsnapshotsthatyou specifywhenyousetupAutoProtect,WorkstationdeletestheoldestAutoProtect snapshoteachtimeanewAutoProtectsnapshotistaken.Inthesnapshotmanager,you canpreserveAutoProtectsnapshotsfromthisdeletion. To preserve AutoProtect snapshots from being deleted 1 2 3 4 SelectVM>SnapshotManager. SelectShowAutoProtectsnapshots. SelecttheAutoProtectsnapshottopreserve. SelectKeep.
Snapshots and Workstation 4 Virtual Machines

Workstation4virtualmachinesdonotsupportmultiplesnapshots.Forfull Workstation7.xfunctionality,youmustupgradethevirtualmachine.SeeChangethe VersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 90. IfaWorkstation4virtualmachinehasasnapshot,youmustremovethesnapshot beforeyouupgrade.Useyourearlier,Workstation4applicationtoremovethe snapshot,andthenupgradetoWorkstation7.x.
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Cloning, Moving, and Sharing Virtual Machines
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Cloningavirtualmachineisfasterandeasierthancopyingit.Thischapterprovides instructionsandinformationonhowtomoveyourvirtualmachinesfromonehostto another,orelsewhereonthesamehost,plusrecommendationsonhowtosharevirtual machineswithotherusers.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

TheVirtualMachinesUniversalUniqueIdentifieronpage 217 CloningaVirtualMachineonpage 219 MovingaVirtualMachineonpage 223 MovinganOlderVirtualMachineonpage 225 MovingLinkedClonesonpage 226 SharingVirtualMachineswithOtherUsersonpage 226 UsingVNCforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachineonpage 227 MakeVirtualMachinesAvailableforStreamingfromaWebServeronpage 229 SharingVirtualMachineswithVMwarePlayeronpage 230
The Virtual Machines Universal Unique Identifier

Toensureallvirtualmachinesareidentifiedproperly,eachvirtualmachineis automaticallyassignedauniversaluniqueidentifier(UUID). UsetheUUIDofavirtualmachineforsystemmanagementinthesamewayyouuse theUUIDofaphysicalcomputer.TheUUIDisstoredintheSMBIOSsystem informationdescriptor.ItcanbeaccessedbystandardSMBIOSscanningsoftware,such asSiSoftwareSandraortheIBMutilitysmbios2.
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ThisUUIDisgeneratedwhenyouinitiallypoweronthevirtualmachine.Aslongas youdonotmoveorcopythevirtualmachinetoanotherlocation,theUUIDremains constant.TosetaspecificUUID,seeSpecifyaUUIDforaVirtualMachineon page 218.
UUID Options When You Move a Virtual Machine

Whenyoupoweronavirtualmachinethatwasmovedorcopiedtoanewlocation,a messageappears,askingwhetheryoumovedorcopiedthevirtualmachine.Ifyou indicatethatyoucopiedthevirtualmachine,anewUUIDisgenerated. Suspendingandresumingavirtualmachinedoesnottriggertheprocessthatgenerates aUUID.TheUUIDinuseatthetimethevirtualmachinewassuspendedremainsinuse whenthevirtualmachineisresumed,evenifitwascopiedormoved.Thenexttimethe virtualmachineisrebooted,themessageappears.
Set the Virtual Machine to Always Keep or Always Create a UUID

IfavirtualmachineissettoalwayskeeporalwayscreateaUUID,usersarenot promptedwhenavirtualmachineismovedorcopied.Youcansetthispropertyby editingthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile. To set the virtual machine to always keep or always create a UUID 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Opentheconfiguration(.vmx)filewithatexteditor. Addthefollowingline:
uuid.action = "<action>"
Thevaluefor<action>canbeeithercreate,toalwaysgenerateanewUUID,or keep,toalwaysretaintheUUID.
Specify a UUID for a Virtual Machine

AlthoughUUIDsareautomaticallyassignedtovirtualmachines,youcanoverridethe generatedUUIDvalueandassignaspecificUUID. TheUUIDisa128bitinteger.The16bytesofthisvalueareseparatedbyspaces,except foradashbetweentheeighthandninthhexadecimalpairs.Followingisanexampleof aUUID:
00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77-88 99 aa bb cc dd ee ff
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Chapter 10 Cloning, Moving, and Sharing Virtual Machines
To specify a UUID for a virtual machine 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Opentheconfiguration(.vmx)filewithatexteditor. Searchforthelinethatcontainsuuid.bios. Theformatofthelineisuuid.bios = "<uuid_value>",withquotationmarks aroundtheparametervalue.Followingisanexampleoftheconfigurationsetting:
uuid.bios = "00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77-88 99 aa bb cc dd ee ff"
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ReplacetheexistingUUIDvaluewiththespecificUUIDvalue. Saveandclosethefile. Poweronthevirtualmachine.
ThenewUUIDisusedwhenthevirtualmachineboots.
Cloning a Virtual Machine

Installingaguestoperatingsystemandapplicationscanbetimeconsuming.With clones,youcanmakemanycopiesofavirtualmachinefromasingleinstallationand configurationprocess. Clonesareusefulwhenyoumustdeploymanyidenticalvirtualmachinestoagroup. Forexample:
AnMISdepartmentcancloneavirtualmachineforeachemployee,withasuiteof preconfiguredofficeapplications. Avirtualmachinecanbeconfiguredwithacompletedevelopmentenvironment andthenclonedrepeatedlyasabaselineconfigurationforsoftwaretesting. Ateachercancloneavirtualmachineforeachstudent,withallthelessonsandlabs requiredfortheterm.
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Withclonesyoucanmakecopiesofavirtualmachinewithoutbrowsingahostfile systemorworryingifyouhavelocatedalltheconfigurationfiles.Theexisting virtualmachineiscalledtheparentoftheclone.Whenthecloningoperationis complete,theclonebecomesaseparatevirtualmachine.Thesearethemain characteristicsofaclone:
Changesmadetoaclonedonotaffecttheparentvirtualmachine.Changes madetotheparentvirtualmachinedonotappearinaclone. AclonesMACaddressandUUIDaredifferentfromtheparentvirtual machine.
Althoughacloneisaseparatevirtualmachine,ifthecloneisalinkedclone,itshares virtualdiskswiththeparentvirtualmachine.SeeTypesofClonesonpage 220and CreatingClonesonpage 221.
Types of Clones
Twotypesofclonesareavailable:fullandlinked.
Full Clones
Afullcloneisacompleteandindependentcopyofavirtualmachine.Itsharesnothing withtheparentvirtualmachineafterthecloningoperation.Ongoingoperationofafull cloneisentirelyseparatefromtheparentvirtualmachine. Becauseafullclonedoesnotsharevirtualdiskswiththeparentvirtualmachine,full clonesgenerallyperformbetterthanlinkedclones.However,fullclonestakelongerto createthanlinkedclones.Creatingafullclonecantakeseveralminutesifthefiles involvedarelarge. Thefullcloneduplicatesonlythestateofthevirtualmachineattheinstantofthe cloningoperation.Thusthefullclonedoesnothaveaccesstoanysnapshotsthatmight existoftheparentvirtualmachine.
Linked Clones
Alinkedcloneisacopyofavirtualmachinethatsharesvirtualdiskswiththeparent virtualmachineinanongoingmanner.Alinkedcloneismadefromasnapshotofthe parent.SeeScenariosforUsingMultipleSnapshotsonpage 203.Thisconservesdisk spaceandallowsmultiplevirtualmachinestousethesamesoftwareinstallation. CAUTIONYoucannotdeletethelinkedclonesnapshotwithoutdestroyingthelinked clone.Youcansafelydeletethissnapshotonlyifyoualsodeletetheclonethatdepends onit.
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Allfilesavailableontheparentatthemomentyoutakethesnapshotcontinueto remainavailabletothelinkedclone.Ongoingchangestothevirtualdiskoftheparent donotaffectthelinkedclone,andchangestothediskofthelinkedclonedonotaffect theparent. Alinkedclonemusthaveaccesstotheparent.Withoutaccesstotheparent,youcannot usealinkedclone.Youcanmakealinkedclonefromalinkedclone,butkeepinmind thattheperformanceofthelinkedclonedegrades.Whenpossible,makealinkedclone oftheparentvirtualmachine. Ifyoumakeafullclonefromalinkedclone,however,thefullcloneisanindependent virtualmachinethatdoesnotrequireaccesstothelinkedcloneoritsparent. Linkedclonesarecreatedswiftly,soyoucaneasilycreateauniquevirtualmachinefor eachtask.Youcanalsoeasilyshareavirtualmachinewithotherusersbystoringthe virtualmachineonyourlocalnetwork,whereotheruserscanquicklymakealinked clone.Thisfacilitatescollaboration.Forexample,asupportteamcanreproduceabug inavirtualmachine,andanengineercanquicklymakealinkedcloneofthatvirtual machinetoworkonthebug.
Creating Clones
Ifyoudecidetocreatealinkedcloneandyouwanttopreventtheparentvirtual machinefrombeingaccidentallydeleted,enabletemplatemodebeforeusingtheClone VirtualMachinewizard.
Enable Template Mode for a Parent Virtual Machine of Linked Clones

Topreventanyonefromdeletingtheparentvirtualmachineforalinkedclone, designatetheparentasatemplate.Whentemplatemodeisenabled,avirtualmachine cannotbedeletedoraddedtoateam,andthevirtualmachinessnapshotscannotbe deleted. To enable template mode for a parent virtual machine of linked clones 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachinetouseasaparentofyourlinkedclone. Verifythattheparenthasatleastonesnapshot. Openthesnapshotmanagerandcreateasnapshotifnoneexists.SeeSnapshot ManagerOverviewonpage 208. 3 ChooseVM>Settings.
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ClicktheOptionstab,andselectAdvanced. IntheSettingssection,clickEnableTemplatemode(tobeusedforcloning)and clickOK.
Use the Clone Virtual Machine Wizard

TheCloneVirtualMachinewizardguidesyouthroughtheprocessofmakingaclone. Youdonotneedtolocateandmanuallycopytheparentvirtualmachinefiles. Beforemakingalinkedclone,defragmenttheguestoperatingsystemsdrivesonthe parentvirtualmachine.Usethetoolsintheguestoperatingsystemtoruna defragmentationutility.SeeDefragmentVirtualDisksonpage 239. Forinformationaboutpreventingalinkedclonesparentvirtualmachinefrombeing deleted,seeEnableTemplateModeforaParentVirtualMachineofLinkedCloneson page 221. NOTEWorkstation4.xvirtualmachines,andvirtualmachinescreatedwithother VMwareproductsthatarecompatiblewithWorkstation4.x,mustbeupgradedtoat leastWorkstation5.xvirtualmachinesbeforeyoucanclonethem.SeeChangethe VersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 90. To use the Clone Virtual Machine wizard 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>ClonetoopentheCloneVirtualMachinewizard. OntheWelcomepage,clickNext. OntheCloneSourcepage,selectthestateoftheparentfromwhichyouwantto createacloneandclickNext. Youcanchoosetocreateaclonefromtheparentscurrentstateorfromanyexisting snapshotoftheparent.Ifyouselectthecurrentstate,Workstationcreatesa snapshotofthevirtualmachinebeforecloningit. Thewizarddoesnotallowyoutoclonefromthecurrentstatewhentemplatemode isenabled. 6 OntheCloneTypepage,specifywhethertocreatealinkedcloneorafullcloneand clickNext.
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OntheNameoftheNewVirtualMachinepage,enteranameandapathforthe clonedvirtualmachineandclickFinish. Afullclonecantakemanyminutestocreate,dependingonthesizeofthevirtual diskthatisbeingduplicated.
ClickClosetoexittheCloneVirtualMachinewizard. TheCloneVirtualMachinewizardautomaticallycreatesanewMACaddressand UUIDfortheclone.Otherconfigurationinformationisidenticaltothatofthe parentvirtualmachine.Forexample,amachinesnameandstaticIPaddress configurationarenotalteredbytheCloneVirtualMachinewizard.
TopreventconflictwithstaticIPaddressing,changetheclonesstaticIPaddress beforethecloneconnectstothenetwork. SeeSelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationon page 304.
Moving a Virtual Machine

YoucantakeavirtualmachinethatwascreatedbyusingWorkstationandmoveittoa differentcomputerortoadifferentlocationonthesamecomputer.Youcanevenmove avirtualmachinetoahostwithadifferentoperatingsystem.Forexample,youcan moveavirtualmachinefromaWindowshosttoaLinuxorESXServerhost. Ingeneral,movingavirtualmachinemeansmovingthefilesthatmakeupthevirtual machine.ThepathnamesforallfilesassociatedwithaWorkstationvirtualmachineare relative,meaningthepathtoeachfileisrelativetothevirtualmachinedirectory.For example,ifyouareinthevirtualmachinedirectory,therelativepathtothevirtualdisk fileis<machine_name>.vmdk. CAUTIONAlwaysmakebackupcopiesofallthefilesinavirtualmachinesdirectory beforeyoumoveavirtualmachine.
Hosts with Different Hardware

Theguestoperatingsystemmightnotworkcorrectlyifyoumoveavirtualmachineto ahostwithsignificanthardwaredifferences,suchasfroma64bithosttoa32bithost orfromamultiprocessorhosttoauniprocessorhost.
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Moving Between 64-Bit and 32-Bit Hosts

Youcanmoveavirtualmachinefroma32bithosttoa64bithostbutnotfroma64bit hosttoa32bithostunlessthe32bithosthasasupported64bitprocessor. NOTEWorkstationsupports64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyinWorkstation 5.5 andhigher,andonlyonhostmachineswithsupportedprocessors.Whenyoupoweron avirtualmachinewitha64bitguestoperatingsystem,Workstationperformsan internalcheck.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported64bitprocessor,youcannotpower onthevirtualmachine.ForthelistofprocessorsWorkstationsupportsfor64bitguest operatingsystems,seePCHardwareonpage 23.
Moving Between Multiprocessor and Uniprocessor Hosts

Forallsupportedconfigurationsof32bitand64bithostandguestoperatingsystems runningonmultiprocessorhostmachines,Workstation7.xvirtualmachinessupport uptoeightwayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessing(SMP).Thissupportenablesyouto assignuptoeightvirtualprocessorstoavirtualmachine.Thisissupportedonlyfor hostmachineswithatleasttwologicalprocessors.SeeUseEightWayVirtual SymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 366andUseaVirtualMachineThatOriginally HadMoreThanEightVirtualProcessorsonpage 367. NOTEIfthehostisauniprocessormachine,assigningtwoprocessorsisnotsupported. Awarningmessageappears.Youcandisregardthismessageandassigntwoprocessors tothevirtualmachine,butwhenyoufinishcreatingthevirtualmachine,youcannot poweritonunlessyoumoveittoahostmachinewithatleasttwologicalprocessors.
Move a Virtual Machine to a New Location or a New Host

Youcanmovethevirtualmachinetoadifferentlocationonthesamehostormoveitto anewhost. FormoreinformationaboutcompatibilitybetweenVMwareproducts,seetheVMware VirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide. To move a virtual machine to a new location or a new host 1 Makesurethatallthevirtualmachinefilesarestoredinthevirtualmachine directory. Ifthevirtualmachineyouwanttomoveisalinkedclone,seeMovingLinked Clonesonpage 226. 2 Shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpoweroffthevirtualmachine.
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Copyallthefilesinthevirtualmachinedirectorytothenewlocation. Tomovethevirtualmachinesfilestoanotherhost,ifyoudonothaveanetwork connectiontothenewhost,useasharednetworkdirectory,burnthefilesontoa DVD,orusesomeotherstoragemediathathasenoughdiskspace. Formoreinformationaboutthefilesthatyouaremoving,seeFilesThatMakeUp aVirtualMachineonpage 93.
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Onthenewhost,startWorkstation,chooseFile>Open,andbrowsetothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileinitsnewlocation. (Optional)Ifyouaremovingthevirtualmachinetoadifferentlocationonthesame host,removethevirtualmachinefromtheFavoriteslistandadditagainusingthe newlocation. Whenyouarecertainthatthevirtualmachineinthenewlocationworkscorrectly, deletethevirtualmachinefilesfromtheoldlocation,ifneeded. Ifthevirtualmachineinthenewlocationisnotworkingcorrectly,examinethe virtualmachineintheoriginallocationtodetermineifyoumissedcopyingsome files.Somefilesmightresideoutsideofthevirtualmachinedirectory. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings>Hardware)toselect devicesanddeterminewhetheranyassociatedfilespointtolocationsthatcannot beaccessedfromthenewlocation.
WorkstationgeneratesadifferentMACaddressforthevirtualnetworkadapterwhen youmoveavirtualmachinetoanewhostcomputerortoadifferentdirectoryonthe samehostcomputer.AnewMACaddressisalsogeneratedwhenyourenamea directoryinthepathtothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.SeeMaintainingand ChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineonpage 308.
Moving an Older Virtual Machine

IfyoucreatedavirtualmachinebyusingWorkstation2.xor3.x,youmustupgradeit toatleastWorkstation4.Workstation7.xdoesnotsupportWorkstation2,3,or4virtual machines.
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Moving Linked Clones

YoucanmovealinkedcloneasyoudoanordinaryWorkstationvirtualmachine. However,ifyoumovealinkedclone(orifyoumoveitsparentvirtualmachine),make suretheclonecanaccesstheparentvirtualmachine.Placetheparentinshared directoryoronanetworkedfileserver. Forexample,ifyouputalinkedcloneonalaptopandtheparentremainsonanother machine,youcanusethecloneonlywhenthelaptopconnectstothenetworkordrive wheretheparentisstored.Touseaclonedvirtualmachineonadisconnectedlaptop, youmustuseafullcloneoryoumustmovetheparentvirtualmachinetothelaptop. YoucannotpoweronalinkedcloneifWorkstationcannotlocatetheoriginalvirtual machine.
Sharing Virtual Machines with Other Users

Ifyouwantotheruserstobeabletoaccessyourvirtualmachines,considerthe followingpoints:
Onlyoneusercanrunavirtualmachineatatime.Otheruserscanalsosharea virtualmachinebymakingalinkedcloneofit.Alinkedcloneisacopythatuses thesamevirtualdisksastheparentvirtualmachineitwascopiedfrom.See CloningaVirtualMachineonpage 219. OnWindowshosts,relocatethevirtualmachinefilestoadirectorythatis accessibletoallappropriateusers.ThedefaultlocationforaWindowshostisnot typicallyaccessibletootherusers:
OnWindowsXP:C:\Documents and Settings\<user_name>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines OnWindowsVistaandWindows7: C:\Users\<user_name>\Documents\Virtual Machines
WhenyouconfigurethevirtualmachineintheNewVirtualMachinewizard,you canspecifyalocationforthevirtualmachineelsewhereonyoursystemorona networkvolume.
OnLinuxhosts,setpermissionsforthevirtualmachinefilesappropriately. Permissionssettingsareespeciallyimportantfortheconfigurationfile(.vmx)and virtualdisks(.vmdk).Forexample,ifyouwantuserstorunavirtualmachinebut notbeabletomodifyitsconfiguration,donotmaketheconfigurationfilewritable.
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Using VNC for Remote Connections to a Virtual Machine

Virtualnetworkcomputing(VNC)softwareenablesyoutoviewandinteractwithone computerfromanyothercomputerormobiledeviceanywhereontheInternet. VNCsoftwareiscrossplatform,allowingremotecontrolbetweendifferenttypesof computers.Forexample,youcanuseVNCtoviewaLinuxmachineonyourWindows PC.OpensourceversionsofVNCarefreelyandpubliclyavailable. YoucanuseWorkstationtosetavirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver,anduserson othercomputerscaninstallaVNCclient(alsocalledaVNCviewer)toconnecttothe virtualmachine.AfteryousetupavirtualmachineasaVNCserver,youcanseealist ofuserswhoareremotelyconnectedtothevirtualmachineandfindouthowlongthey havebeenconnected. WorkstationdoesnotneedtoberunningwhenVNCconnectionsaremade.Onlythe virtualmachineneedstoberunning,anditcanberunninginthebackground.
Configure a Virtual Machine as a VNC Server

YoudonotneedtoinstallspecializedVNCsoftwareinavirtualmachinetosetitupas aVNCserver. To configure a virtual machine as a VNC server 1 2 3 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstabandselectRemoteDisplay. ClickEnableremotedisplay. Afterremotedisplayisenabledandusersconnecttothevirtualmachinewitha VNCclient,usetheViewConnectedUsersbuttononRemoteDisplaysettings paneltoseealistoftheconnectedusers. 4 (Optional)Changetheportnumber. ToconnecttomultiplevirtualmachinesonthesamehostwithaVNCclient, specifyauniqueportnumberforeachvirtualmachine.VMwaresuggeststhatyou useaportnumberintherangefrom5901to6001. Keepinmindthatotherapplicationsusecertainportnumbers,andsomeport numbersareprivileged(onlytherootorAdministratorusercanlisten).For example,theVMwareManagementInterfaceusesports8333and8222.OnLinux, onlytherootusercanlistentoportsuptoportnumber1024.
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(Optional)SetapasswordforconnectingtothevirtualmachinefromaVNCclient. Thepasswordcanbeupto8characterslong.Becauseitisnotencryptedwhenthe VNCclientsendsit,donotuseapasswordthatyouuseforothersystems.
ClickOK.
AfteryousetupavirtualmachineasaVNCserver,youcanseealistofuserswhoare remotelyconnectedtothevirtualmachineandfindouthowlongtheyhavebeen connected.Toseethelist,rightclicktheVNCiconinthestatusbarandchoose ConnectedUsers.
Use a VNC Client to Connect to a Virtual Machine

YoucaninstallaVNCclientonyourhostandconnecttoarunningvirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,determinethemachinenameorIPaddressofthehostonwhichthe virtualmachineisrunningand,ifapplicable,theVNCportnumberandpassword.See ConfigureaVirtualMachineasaVNCServeronpage 227. ForinformationaboutmappingthekeyboardtolanguagesotherthanU.S.English,see SpecifyaLanguageKeyboardMapforVNCClientsonpage 341. Thefollowingissuesareknowntooccurwhenyouconnecttovirtualmachineswitha VNCclient:

Youcannottakeorreverttosnapshots. Youcannotchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.Thatis,youcannot poweron,poweroff,suspend,orresume.Althoughyoucannotpoweroff,youcan shutdowntheguestoperatingsystem,andshuttingdownmightpoweroffthe virtualmachine. Youcannotcopyandpastetextbetweenthehostandguestoperatingsystem. Youcannotconfigurethevirtualmachinewiththevirtualmachinesettingseditor. Remotedisplaydoesnotworkwellifyouarealsousingthe3Dfeature.This featureisdescribedinSupportforDirect3DGraphicsonpage 172.
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To use a VNC client to connect to a virtual machine 1 Onalocalorremotecomputer,startaVNCclient. YoucanuseanyVNCclient,butnotaJavaviewerinabrowser.Todownloadand installaVNCclient,checkoneofthemanyWebsiteswhereyoucanbuyorgetone forfree. 2 Makesuretheclientissetforhextileencoding. Forexample,ifyouuseRealVNCViewer,underthePreferredEncodingoption, selectHextile. 3 Settheclienttouseallcolors. Forexample,ifyouuseRealVNCViewer,undertheColourLeveloption,select Full(allavailablecolours). 4 WhenpromptedfortheVNCservername,enterthenameorIPaddressofthehost computerandtheportnumber. Usetheformat:
<machine_name>:<port_number>
Enterapasswordifyouarepromptedtodoso.
Make Virtual Machines Available for Streaming from a Web Server

Withvirtualmachine(VM)streaming,virtualdiskdataisfetchedondemand.Youcan poweronavirtualmachinesoonafteryoubegindownloadingitfromaWebserver. Downloadingavirtualmachineina.zipor.tarfilefromaWebservercantakea considerableamountoftime,dependingonthesizeofthevirtualmachine.TouseVM streaming,youplacethevirtualmachinedirectoryontheWebserverwithoutzipping it.VMwarerecommendsthatyouconfiguretheWebservertosupportpersistent connections(HTTPkeepaliveconnections). To make virtual machines available for streaming from a Web server 1 Ifthevirtualmachinehasanysnapshots,deletethem. SeeDeleteaSnapshotoraRecordingonpage 212. 2 (Optional)Toimprovestreamingperformance,useVirtualDiskManagerto compressthevirtualdiskfiles(.vmdkfiles)foravirtualmachine. SeetheVirtualDiskManagerUsersGuide,intheVirtualDiskDevelopmentKit.
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DependingonthetypeofWebserver,usethefollowingkeepalivesettings:
ForApacheHTTPServer1.2andhigher,turntheKeepAliveoptionon,set MaxKeepAliveRequestto2000to5000,andsetKeepAliveTimeoutto2000to 5000seconds,dependingonserverload. ForMicrosoftInternetInformationServices(IIS)6.0andhigher,setthe connectiontimeouttoavalueabove300secondsandloadHTTP KeepAlives.
4 5
Onproxyservers,settheproxyconnectiontoKeepalive. UploadthevirtualmachinedirectorytotheWebserver.
AfteravirtualmachineisplacedonaWebserver,userscanuseaURLtostreamitand startitwithWorkstationorVMwarePlayer.SeeStartaVirtualMachinebyUsingVM Streamingonpage 148.
Sharing Virtual Machines with VMware Player

VMwarePlayerisafreeapplicationthatopensandplaysvirtualmachinescreatedwith otherVMwareproducts.OnWindowshosts,VMwarePlayeralsoopensandplays MicrosoftVirtualPCandVirtualServervirtualmachinesandSymantecLiveState Recoveryandsystemimages. VMwarePlayerisincludedwithWorkstation5.5andhigher.StandalonePlayeris alsofreelyavailablefordownloadathttp://www.vmware.com/products/player/. WithVMwarePlayeryoucancreatevirtualmachinesandmakeyourVMwarevirtual machinesaccessibletocolleagues,partners,customers,andclientswhodonotown otherVMwareproducts. NOTEUseofVMwarePlayerissubjecttotheVMwarePlayerEndUserLicenseterms, andVMwaredoesnotprovidetechnicalsupportforVMwarePlayer.
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Start and Exit VMware Player

VMwarePlayerisincludedintheWorkstationdistribution.Whenyouinstall Workstation,theapplicationfile(vmplayer.exeonWindowsorvmplayeronLinux), isstoredwiththerestofyourWorkstationprogramfiles. To start and exit VMware Player 1 OpenVMwarePlayer,eitherfromthegraphicaluserinterface(GUI)orfromthe commandline:
FromtheGUI,onWindows,chooseVMwarePlayerfromtheStart> Programs>VMwaremenu. InaLinuxXsession,chooseVMwarePlayerfromthecorrespondingprogram menu,suchastheSystemToolsmenu.
Fromthecommandline,openacommandprompt,andenteroneofthe followingcommands:
OnWindows,enter<path>vmplayer.exe. The<path>valueisthepathonyoursystemtotheapplicationfile.
OnLinux,entervmplayer &. Tostreamthevirtualmachine,usethecommandwiththevirtualmachine URL(forexample,vmplayer http://server.acme.com/myVM.vmx). Formoreinformation,seeMakeVirtualMachinesAvailablefor StreamingfromaWebServeronpage 229.
FromtheWelcomepage,youcan:

Browsetoavirtualmachinefile. Openarecentlyusedvirtualmachine. DownloadavirtualappliancefromtheVMTN(VMwareTechnology Network)Website.
Openavirtualmachine. ForinstructionsonusingandconfiguringVMwarePlayer,seetheonlinehelp providedinVMwarePlayer.FromtheVMwarePlayermenubar,chooseHelp> HelpTopics.
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ToexitVMwarePlayer,dooneofthefollowing:
Shutdowntheguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachine. VMwarePlayerclosesaftertheguestoperatingsystemshutsdown.
InVMwarePlayer,chooseFile>Exit(Windows)orFile>Quit(Linux).
VMwarePlayereithersuspendsorpowersoffthevirtualmachine,dependingon thepreferenceyousetforexitbehaviorinFile>Preferences. WhenyouexitVMwarePlayerthatisusingastreamedvirtualmachine,youare promptedtosaveordiscardchanges.Ifyoudiscardchanges,thedirectorythat wascreatedonyourlocalmachineandallthevirtualmachinedataaredeleted.
Setting Up Virtual Machines for Use with VMware Player

Whenyoucreateavirtualmachinethatyouintendtodistributetootherusers, configurethevirtualmachineformaximumcompatibilitywithallexpectedhost systems.BecausetheconfigurationoptionsforVMwarePlayerarelimited,usersare limitedintheirabilitytomakechangesinavirtualmachinesothatitiscompatiblewith theirhostsystems. Followingarerecommendationstohelpyouconfigurevirtualmachinesformaximum compatibilitywithVMwarePlayerandwiththewidestrangeofhostmachines:
Determinewhichvirtualdevicesareactuallyrequired,anddonotincludeanythat arenotneededorusefulforthesoftwareyouaredistributingwiththevirtual machineandVMwarePlayer.Forexample,genericSCSIdevicesaretypicallynot appropriate. Toconnectaphysicaldevicetoavirtualdevice,usetheAutodetectoptionswhen configuringthevirtualmachine.TheAutodetectoptionsallowthevirtual machinetoadapttotheuserssystem,andtheyworkwhetherthehostoperating systemisWindowsorLinux.Userswhohavenophysicaldevicereceiveawarning message. ToconnectaCDROMorfloppytoanimagefilethatyoushipwiththevirtual machine,makesuretheimagefileisinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachine. Thisway,arelativepath,ratherthananabsolutepath,isused. ForbothaphysicalCDROMandanimage,providetwovirtualCDROMdevices inthevirtualmachine.VMwarePlayerdoesnotprovideanoptionintheuser interfacetoswitchasingleCDROMdevicebetweenaphysicalCDROMandan image.Thisalsomeansthatifyouwanttoshipmultipleimages,theusercannot switchbetweenthem.
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Chooseareasonableamountofmemorytoallocatetothevirtualmachine.Ifthe usershostmachinedoesnothaveenoughphysicalmemorytosupportthe memoryallocation,VMwarePlayercannotpoweronthevirtualmachine. InstallVMwareToolsinthevirtualmachine.VMwareToolssignificantlyimproves theusersexperienceworkingwiththevirtualmachine. Chooseareasonablescreenresolutionfortheguest.Auserislikelytofinditeasier toincreasetheresolutionmanuallythantodealwithadisplaythatexceedsthe usersphysicalscreensize. SomehostoperatingsystemsdonotsupportCDROMsinnonlegacymode.To ensurethatCDROMsworkproperlyinvirtualmachinesthatyouintendto distributeandplayonVMwarePlayer,configureCDROMdevicesinlegacy mode.SeeLegacyEmulationforDVDandCDDrivesonpage 252. SelectanappropriatesettinginVM>Settings>Options>Snapshots>When poweringoff.SetthisoptiontoJustpowerofforReverttosnapshot.VMware Playerdoesnotallowtakingsnapshots. TheoptionReverttosnapshotisusefulifyouwanttodistributeademothatresets itselftoacleanstatewhenpoweredoff.
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Using Disks and Disk Drives
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Thischapterprovidesinformationabouthowtoconfigurevirtualharddiskstorageto bestmeetyourneeds.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

VirtualMachineDiskStorageonpage 235 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasksonpage 238 AddingVirtualandPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachineonpage 241 AddingDVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachineonpage 250 UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManageronpage 254 UsingDualBootComputerswithVirtualMachinesonpage 254 LegacyVirtualDisksonpage 255
Virtual Machine Disk Storage

Likeaphysicalcomputer,aVMwareWorkstationvirtualmachinestoresitsoperating system,programs,anddatafilesononeormoreharddisks.Unlikeaphysical computer,Workstationprovideswaystoundochangestothevirtualmachineshard disk. TheNewVirtualMachinewizardcreatesavirtualmachinewithonediskdrive.Usethe virtualmachinesettingseditor(chooseVM>Settings)toaddmorediskdrivestoyour virtualmachine,toremovediskdrivesfromyourvirtualmachine,andtochange certainsettingsfortheexistingdiskdrives.
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Benefits of Using Virtual Disks

Inmostcases,itisbesttoconfigurevirtualmachinestousevirtualharddisksrather thanphysicalharddisks.Avirtualdiskisafileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysical diskdrivetoaguestoperatingsystem.Thefilescanbeonthehostmachineorona remotecomputer.Whenyouconfigureavirtualmachinewithavirtualdisk,youcan installanewoperatingsystemontothevirtualdiskwithoutrepartitioningaphysical diskorrebootingthehost.
Portability
Akeyadvantageofvirtualdisksistheirportability.Becausethevirtualdisksarestored asfilesonthehostmachineoraremotecomputer,youcanmovethemeasilytoanew locationonthesamecomputerortoadifferentcomputer.YoucanalsouseWorkstation onaWindowshosttocreatevirtualdisks,movethemtoaLinuxcomputer,anduse themwithWorkstationforLinux,andthereverse.SeeMovingaVirtualMachineon page 223.
Disk Size and Files

Virtualdiskscanbeaslargeas2TB(IDEorSCSI).Dependingonthesizeofthevirtual diskandthehostoperatingsystem,Workstationcreatesoneormorefilestoholdeach virtualdisk.Thesefilesincludeinformationsuchastheoperatingsystem,program files,anddatafiles.Thevirtualdiskfileshavea.vmdkextension. Bydefault,theactualfilesthatthevirtualdiskusesstartsmallandgrowtotheir maximumsizeasneeded.Themainadvantageofthisapproachisthesmallerfilesize. Smallerfilesrequirelessstoragespaceandareeasiertomovetoanewlocation. However,ittakeslongertowritedatatoadiskconfiguredinthisway. Youcanalsoconfigurevirtualdiskssothatallofthediskspaceisallocatedwhenthe virtualdiskiscreated.Thisapproachprovidesenhancedperformanceandisusefulif youarerunningperformancesensitiveapplicationsinthevirtualmachine. Regardlessofwhetheryouallocatealldiskspaceinadvance,youcanconfigurethe virtualdisktouseasetoffileslimitedto2GBperfile.Usethisoptionifyouplanto movethevirtualdisktoafilesystemthatdoesnotsupportfileslargerthan2GB.
Lock Files
Arunningvirtualmachinecreateslockfilestopreventconsistencyproblemsonvirtual disks.Withoutlocks,multiplevirtualmachinesmightreadandwritetothedisk, causingdatacorruption.
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Chapter 11 Using Disks and Disk Drives
Lockfilesarecreatedinsubdirectorieswitha.lcksuffix.Thelockingsubdirectories resideinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachines.vmdkfiles.Alockingsubdirectory andlockfilearecreatedfor.vmdkfiles,.vmxfiles,and.vmemfiles. SincetheWorkstation6.0release,aunifiedlockingmethodisusedonallhostoperating systems,sofilessharedbetweenthemarefullyprotected.Forexample,ifoneuseron aLinuxhosttriestopoweronavirtualmachinethatisalreadypoweredonbyanother userwithaWindowshost,thelockfilespreventtheseconduserfrompoweringonthe virtualmachine. Whenavirtualmachinepowersoff,itremovesthelockingsubdirectoriesandtheirlock files.Ifitcannotremovetheselockingcontrols,oneormorestalelockfilesmight remain.Forexample,ifthehostmachinefailsbeforethevirtualmachineremovesits lockingcontrols,stalelockfilesremain. Whenthevirtualmachinerestarts,itscansanylockingsubdirectoriesforstalelockfiles and,whenpossible,removesthem.Alockfileisconsideredstaleifbothofthe followingconditionsaretrue:

Thelockfilewascreatedonthesamehostthatisnowrunningthevirtualmachine. Theprocessthatcreatedthelockisnolongerrunning.
Ifeitheroftheseconditionsisnottrue,adialogboxwarnsyouthatthevirtualmachine cannotbepoweredon.Youcandeletethelockingdirectoriesandtheirlockfiles manually. Locksalsoprotectphysicaldiskpartitions.However,thehostoperatingsystemisnot awareofthislockingconventionandthusdoesnotrecognizeit.Forthisreason, VMwarerecommendsthatthephysicaldiskforavirtualmachinenotbeinstalledon thesamephysicaldiskasthehostoperatingsystem.
IDE and SCSI Disk Types

VirtualdiskscanbesetupasIDEdisksforanyguestoperatingsystem.Theycanbeset upasSCSIdisksforanyguestoperatingsystemwithadriverfortheLSILogicor BusLogicSCSIadapteravailableinaWorkstationvirtualmachine.Youdetermine whichSCSIadaptertouseatthetimeyoucreatethevirtualmachine. NOTETouseSCSIdisksina32bitWindowsXPvirtualmachine,downloadaspecial SCSIdriverfromtheDownloadspageoftheVMwareWebsite.Followtheinstructions ontheWebsitetousethedriverwithafreshinstallationofWindowsXP. Avirtualdiskofeithertypecanbestoredoneithertypeofphysicalharddisk.Thatis, thefilesthatmakeupanIDEorSCSIvirtualdiskcanbestoredonanIDEharddiskor aSCSIharddisk.Theycanalsobestoredonothertypesoffastaccessstoragemedia.
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Physical Disks
Insomecircumstances,youmightneedtogiveyourvirtualmachinedirectaccesstoa physicalharddriveonthehostcomputer.Aphysicaldiskdirectlyaccessesanexisting localdiskorpartition.Youcanusephysicaldiskstorunoneormoreguestoperating systemsfromexistingdiskpartitions. CAUTIONDonotattemptphysicaldiskconfigurationsunlessyouareanexpertuser.
Workstationsupportsphysicaldisksupto2TBcapacity.Bootingfromanoperating systemalreadysetuponanexistingSCSIdiskorpartitioniscurrentlynotsupported. CAUTIONRunninganoperatingsystemnativelyonthehostcomputerandswitching torunningitinsideavirtualmachineislikepullingtheharddriveoutofonecomputer andinstallingitinasecondcomputerwithadifferentmotherboardandhardware.The stepsyoutakedependontheoperatingsystemyouwanttouseinsidethevirtual machine.SeetheVMwaretechnicalnoteDualBootComputersandVirtualMachineson theVMwareWebsite. Youcanalsocreateanewvirtualmachinethatusesaphysicaldisk.SeeUsingPhysical DisksinaVirtualMachineonpage 244.Inmostcases,however,itisbettertousea virtualdisk.Ifyouuseaphysicaldisk,the.vmdkfilestoresinformationaboutthe physicaldiskorpartitionthatthevirtualmachineuses. Afteryouconfigureavirtualmachinetouseoneormorepartitionsonaphysicaldisk, donotmodifythepartitiontablesbyrunningfdiskorasimilarutilityintheguest operatingsystem. Ifyouusefdiskorasimilarutilityonthehostoperatingsystemtomodifythepartition tableofthephysicaldisk,youmustrecreatethevirtualmachinesphysicaldisk.All filesthatwereonthephysicaldiskarelostwhenyoumodifythepartitiontable.
Virtual Disk Maintenance Tasks

Defragmentingvirtualdiskscanimproveperformance.Compactingvirtualdisks reclaimsanyunusedspace.Expandingvirtualdisksaddsstoragespacetoyourvirtual machine.
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Defragment Virtual Disks

Likephysicaldiskdrives,virtualdiskscanbecomefragmented.Defragmentingdisks rearrangesfiles,programs,andunusedspaceonthevirtualdisksothatprogramsrun fasterandfilesopenmorequickly. Beforeyoudefragmentavirtualdisk,makesureyouhaveadequatefreeworkingspace onthehostcomputer.Ifyourvirtualdiskiscontainedinasinglefile,forexample,you needfreespaceequaltothesizeofthevirtualdiskfile.Othervirtualdisk configurationsrequirelessfreespace. Makesurethevirtualdiskisnotmapped(onWindowsguests)ormounted(onLinux guests).Youcannotdefragmentavirtualdiskwhileitismappedormounted. Defragmentingdoesnotreclaimunusedspaceonavirtualdisk.Toreclaimunused space,compactthedisk.SeeCompactaVirtualDiskonpage 240. To defragment a virtual disk 1 Runadiskdefragmentationutilityinsidetheguestoperatingsystem. Forexample,inavirtualmachinewithaWindowsXPguestoperatingsystem,use theWindowsXPDiskDefragmentertoolfromwithinthevirtualmachine. Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime. 2 Ifthevirtualdiskisgrowableratherthanpreallocated,defragmentitbyusing theWorkstationdefragmentationtool: a b c d e f 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectHardDisk. SelectUtilities>Defragment. Whentheprocessisfinished,clickOK.
Runadiskdefragmentationutilityonthehostcomputer. Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime.
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Compact a Virtual Disk

Compactingavirtualdiskreclaimsunusedspaceinthevirtualdisk.Ifadiskhasempty space,thisprocessreducestheamountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehost drive. Makesurethefollowingprerequisitesaremet:

Thevirtualmachineispoweredoff. Thevirtualdiskisnotmapped(onWindowsguests)ormounted(onLinux guests).Youcannotcompactavirtualdiskwhileitismappedormounted. Thediskspaceisnotpreallocatedforthevirtualharddisk.Usethevirtualmachine settingseditortoviewthediskinformationforthisvirtualharddisk.Ifthedisk spacewaspreallocated,youcannotcompactthedisk. Ifthevirtualharddiskisanindependentdisk,itisinpersistentmode. Tochangethemode,seeExcludeaVirtualDiskfromSnapshotsonpage 207for adescriptionofindependentdisks.
To compact a virtual disk 1 2 3 4 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectHardDiskforthevirtualharddiskyouwantto compact. SelectUtilities>Compact. ClickOKafterthediskcompactingprocessiscomplete.
Expand a Virtual Disk

Expandingavirtualdiskaddsstoragespacetoyourvirtualmachine.However,the addedspaceisnotavailabletoyourvirtualmachineimmediately.Tomaketheadded spaceavailable,youmustuseadiskmanagementtooltoincreasethesizeoftheexisting partitiononyourvirtualdisktomatchtheexpandedvirtualdisksize.Thedisk managementtoolyouusedependsontheoperatingsystemofyourvirtualmachine. Manyoperatingsystems,includingWindowsVista,Windows7,andsomeversionsof Linux,providebuiltindiskmanagementtoolsthatcanresizepartitions.Anumberof thirdpartydiskmanagementtoolsarealsoavailable,suchasSymantec/Norton PartitionMagic,EASEUSPartitionMaster,AcronisDiskDirector,andtheopensource toolGParted. Asanalternativetoexpandingyourvirtualdisk,youcanaddanewvirtualdisktoyour virtualmachine.SeeAddaNewVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachineonpage 242.
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Makesurethefollowingprerequisitesaremet:

Thevirtualmachineispoweredoff. Thevirtualdiskisnotmapped(onWindowsguests)ormounted(onLinux guests).Youcannotexpandavirtualdiskwhileitismappedormounted. Thevirtualmachinehasnosnapshots. Thevirtualmachineisnotalinkedcloneortheparentofalinkedclone.
Todeterminewhetherthevirtualmachinehassnapshots,isalinkedclone,oristhe parentofalinkedclone,checktheinformationatthetopoftheSummarytabforthe virtualmachine. To expand a virtual disk 1 2 3 4 5 6 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectHardDiskforthevirtualharddisktoexpand. SelectUtilities>Expand. Setthenewmaximumsizeforthevirtualdisk. SelectExpand. ClickOKafterthediskexpansionprocessiscomplete.
Afteryouexpandthevirtualdisk,youmustuseadiskmanagementtooltoincreasethe diskpartitionsizetomatchtheexpandedvirtualdisksize.
Adding Virtual and Physical Disks to a Virtual Machine

Thisprovidesinstructionsforcreatingvirtualdisks,removingdisks,addingexisting diskstovirtualmachines,andusingphysicaldisksinavirtualmachine. YoucanconnectotherSCSIdevicestoavirtualmachinebyusingthegenericSCSI driverforthehostoperatingsystem.SeeAddaGenericSCSIDevicetoaVirtual Machineonpage 363.
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Add a New Virtual Disk to a Virtual Machine

Toincreasestoragespace,youcanaddanewvirtualdisktoavirtualmachine.Virtual disksarestoredasfilesonthehostcomputeroronanetworkfileserver.A virtualIDE driveorSCSIdrivecanbestoredonaphysicalIDEdriveorSCSIdrive. NOTEIfyouhaveaWindowsNT4.0guestwithaSCSIvirtualdisk,youcannotadd bothanadditionalSCSIdiskandanIDEdisktotheconfiguration. Asanalternativetoaddinganewvirtualdisktoyourvirtualmachine,youcanexpand yourexistingvirtualdisk.SeeExpandaVirtualDiskonpage 240. To add a new virtual disk to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectHardDiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskpage,selectCreateanewvirtualdiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskTypepage,chooseIDEdiskorSCSI. SeeIDEandSCSIDiskTypesonpage 237. Workstation7.xvirtualmachinescanuseupto4IDEdevicesandupto60SCSI devices.AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualorphysicalharddiskorDVDor CDROMdrive. 6 (Optional)Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,intheModesection,select Independentforthemodeandchooseoneofthefollowingoptions:
PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhen youpowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyou torestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime. Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeleted whenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.
SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 205. 7 OntheSpecifyDiskCapacitypage,setthecapacityforthenewvirtualdisk. Youcansetasizebetween0.1GBand2TBforavirtualdisk.SeeDiskSizeand Filesonpage 236.
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OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,acceptthedefaultfilenameandlocationorbrowse toandselectadifferentlocationandclickFinish. Thewizardcreatesthenewvirtualdisk.Itappearstoyourguestoperatingsystem asanew,blankharddisk.
Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK.
10 Usetheguestoperatingsystemtoolstopartitionandformatthenewdriveforuse.
Add an Existing Virtual Disk to a Virtual Machine

Youcanreconnectanexistingvirtualdiskthatwasremovedfromavirtualmachine. Workstation7.xvirtualmachinescanuseupto4IDEdevicesandupto60SCSIdevices. AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualorphysicalharddiskorDVDorCDROMdrive. TomapanexistingvirtualdiskdrivetoaWindowshostmachine,ratherthanadding ittoavirtualmachine,seeUsingaMappedDriveonpage 198. To add an existing virtual disk to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectHardDiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskpage,selectUseanexistingvirtualdiskandclickNext. OntheSelectanExistingDiskpage,specifythepathnameandfilenameforthe existingdiskfileandclickFinish. Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK.
Remove a Virtual Disk from a Virtual Machine

Removingavirtualdiskdisconnectsitfromavirtualmachine.Removingthevirtual diskdoesnotdeletefilesfromthehostfilesystem. Afteryouremovethediskfromthevirtualmachine,youcanmapormountittoahost andcopydatafromtheguesttothehostwithoutpoweringonthevirtualmachineor startingWorkstation.
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To remove a virtual disk from a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectavirtualdiskandclickRemove.
Afteryouremovethediskfromthevirtualmachine,youcandoeitherofthefollowing:

Mapthedisktothehost.SeeUsingaMappedDriveonpage 198. Addthedisktoanothervirtualmachine.SeeAddanExistingVirtualDisktoa VirtualMachineonpage 243.
Using Physical Disks in a Virtual Machine

Youcaninstallaguestoperatingsystemdirectlyonanunusedphysicaldiskorunused partition.However,anoperatingsysteminstalledinthissettingprobablycannotboot outsideofthevirtualmachine,eventhoughthedataisavailabletothehost. CAUTIONDonotuseaphysicaldisktosharefilesbetweenhostandguestoperating systems.Itisnotsafetomakethesamepartitionvisibletobothhostandguest.Youcan causedatacorruptionifyoudothis.Tosharefilesbetweenhostandguestoperating systems,usesharedfolders.SeeUsingSharedFoldersonpage 190. Forinformationaboutusinganoperatingsystemthatcanalsobootoutsideofthe virtualmachine,seetheVMwareDualBootComputersandVirtualMachinestechnical noteontheVMwareWebsite. Physicaldisksareanadvancedfeature.Donotconfigurethemunlessyouareanexpert user.Touseaphysicaldiskinavirtualmachine,youcanaddthephysicaldisktoan existingvirtualmachine,orcreateavirtualmachineandspecifywhichphysicaldisk thevirtualmachineuses. NOTEUsingaphysicaldiskratherthanavirtualdiskisnotanappropriateoptionfor avirtualmachineyouintendtodistributeasanACEinstance.
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Prerequisites for Using a Physical Disk

BeforeyouruntheNewVirtualMachinewizardorusethevirtualmachinesettings editortoaddaphysical(raw)disk,performthefollowingtasks:
Becausethevirtualmachineandguestoperatingsystemaccessaphysicaldisk partitionwhilethehostcontinuestorunitsoperatingsystem,verifythatthe partitionisnotmountedbythehostorinusebyanothervirtualmachine. Corruptionispossibleifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyapartitionthat issimultaneouslymountedonthehostoperatingsystem.
Checktheguestoperatingsystemdocumentationregardingthetypeofpartition onwhichtheoperatingsystemcanbeinstalled.
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,youcannotusethesystempartition orthephysicaldiskthatcontainsitinavirtualmachine. DOS,Windows95,andWindows98operatingsystemsmustbeinstalledon thefirstprimarypartition. Otheroperatingsystems,suchasLinux,canbeinstalledonaprimaryoran extendedpartitiononanypartofthedrive.
Makesurethephysicalpartitionordiskdoesnothavedatayouneedinthefuture. Ifitdoes,backupthedata. OnWindowshosts:
IfyouuseaWindowshostsIDEdiskinaphysicaldiskconfiguration,make sureitisnotconfiguredastheslaveonthesecondaryIDEchannelifthe masteronthatchannelisaCDROMdrive. IfyourhostisrunningWindowsXPorWindowsServer2003,donotusea dynamicdiskasaphysicaldiskinavirtualmachine.Usethedisk managementtooltocheckthedisktypeandchangeadynamicdisktoabasic disk,whichdestroysalldata.SeeChangeaWindowsDiskTypefrom DynamictoBasiconpage 246.
OnLinuxhosts,setthedevicegroupmembershipordeviceownership appropriately.SeeSetPermissionsonLinuxHostsonpage 247.
Afteryoudeterminethatthephysicaldiskmeetstheseprerequisites,useeitherofthe followingstrategiestousethephysicaldiskinavirtualmachine:

CreateaVirtualMachineThatUsesaPhysicalDiskonpage 247 AddaPhysicalDisktoanExistingVirtualMachineonpage 249
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Change a Windows Disk Type from Dynamic to Basic TouseaharddiskinavirtualmachinewhosehostisrunningWindowsXPorWindows Server2003,thevirtualmachinemustuseabasicdisk. To change a Windows disk type from dynamic to basic 1 Onthehost,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AdministrativeTools> ComputerManagement>DiskManagement. Thediskmanagementtoolopens. 2 Deletealllogicalvolumesonthedisk. Thisactiondestroysalldataonthedisk. 3 4 RightclickthediskiconandselectReverttoBasicDisk. Partitionthedisk.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP host 1 2 3 ChooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AdministrativeTools>Computer Management>Storage>DiskManagement. SelectapartitionandchooseAction>AllTasks>ChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemove.
Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows Vista Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows Vista host 1 2 3 SelectStart>ControlPanel(ClassicView)>AdministrativeTools>Computer Management>Storage>DiskManagement. RightclickapartitionandchooseChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemoveandOK.
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Unmap a Partition That Is Mapped to a Windows 7 Host Corruptioncanoccurifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyaphysicaldisk partitionthatissimultaneouslyusedasamappeddriveonthehost. To unmap a partition that is mapped to a Windows 7 host 1 2 3 4 5 SelectStart>ControlPanel. Inthemenubar,clickthearrownexttoControlPanel. Fromthedropdownmenu,selectAllControlPanelItems>Administrative Tools>ComputerManagement>Storage>DiskManagement(Local). RightclickapartitionandchooseChangeDriveLetterandPaths. ClickRemoveandOK.
Set Permissions on Linux Hosts Ifpermissionsaresetcorrectly,thephysicaldiskconfigurationfilesinWorkstation controlaccess.Thisreliabilityprovidesbootmanagersaccesstoconfigurationfilesand otherfilestheymightneedtobootoperatingsystems.Forexample,LILOneedstoread /bootonaLinuxpartitiontobootanonLinuxoperatingsystemthatmightbeon anotherdrive. To set permissions on Linux hosts 1 Makesurethemasterphysicaldiskdeviceordevicesarereadableandwritableby theuserwhorunsWorkstation.
Physicaldevices,suchas/dev/hda(IDEphysicaldisk)and/dev/sdb(SCSI physicaldisk),belongtogroupiddiskonmostdistributions.Ifthisisthe case,youcanaddVMwareWorkstationuserstothediskgroup. Anotheroptionistochangetheownerofthedevice.Considerallthesecurity issuesinvolvedinthisoption.
GrantVMwareWorkstationusersaccesstoall/dev/hd[abcd]physicaldevices thatcontainoperatingsystemsorbootmanagers.
Create a Virtual Machine That Uses a Physical Disk

UsetheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateanewvirtualmachinethatusesa physicaldiskratherthanaddingaphysicaldisktoanexistingvirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,completethetasksdescribedinPrerequisitesforUsingaPhysical Diskonpage 245.
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To create a virtual machine that uses a physical disk 1 2 UsetheCustomsetupintheNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateavirtual machinethatusesaphysicaldisk. OntheSelectaDiskpageofthewizard,selectUseaphysicaldisk,andchooseto useindividualpartitionsortheentiredisk. Ifyouuseindividualpartitions,onlythepartitionsyouselectareaccessibletothe virtualmachine.Theotherpartitionsmightbevisibletotheguestoperating system,butyoucannotmount,access,orformatthem. 3 (Optional)Tospecifyadevicenodeforthevirtualdiskorexcludedisksfrom snapshots,dothefollowing: a b c d
SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthephysicaldiskandclickAdvanced. Tochangethedevicenode,selectfromtheVirtualdevicenodelist. Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,selectIndependentforthemodeandchoose oneofthefollowingoptions: PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhen youpowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyou torestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime. Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeleted whenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine. SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 205.
Installtheguestoperatingsystemonthephysicaldisk. Forguestoperatingsystemsupportandknownissues,gototheVMwareWebsite, andclicktheSupport&Downloadstab.UnderSupportResources,clickthe CompatibilityGuideslink.
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Add a Physical Disk to an Existing Virtual Machine

Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor,ratherthantheNewVirtualMachinewizard, toaddaphysicaldisktoanexistingvirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,completethetasksdescribedinPrerequisitesforUsingaPhysical Diskonpage 245. CAUTIONAfteryouaddavirtualmachinediskbyusingoneormorepartitionsona physicaldisk,nevermodifythepartitiontablesbyrunningfdiskorasimilarutilityin theguestoperatingsystem.Ifyoudoso,youmustrecreatethevirtualmachines physicaldisk. To add a physical disk to an existing virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectHardDiskandclickNext. OntheSelectaDiskpage,selectUseaphysicaldiskandclickNext. Ifawarningappears,clickOK. OntheSelectaPhysicalDiskpage,dothefollowing: a Choosethephysicalharddisktousefromthedropdownlist. Workstationsupportsphysicaldisksupto2TB. b 9 Selectwhetheryouwanttousetheentirediskoronlyindividualpartitionson thediskandclickNext.
IfyouselectedUseindividualpartitions,selectthepartitionsyouwanttousein thevirtualmachineandclickNext. Thevirtualmachinecanaccessonlythepartitionsyouselect.Theguestoperating systemmightbeabletodetectotherpartitions,butyoucannotmount,access,or formatthem.
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OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,acceptthedefaultfilenameandlocationorbrowse toadifferentlocation.
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(Optional)Tospecifyadevicenodeforthevirtualdiskorexcludedisksfrom snapshots,dothefollowing: a b c OntheSpecifyDiskFilepage,clickAdvanced. Tochangethedevicenode,selectfromtheVirtualdevicenodelist. Toexcludedisksfromsnapshots,selectIndependentforthemodeandchoose oneofthefollowingoptions:
PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksona physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodeiswritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscarded whenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmode enablesyoutorestartthevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesame stateeverytime.Changestothediskarewrittentoandreadfromaredo logfilethatisdeletedwhenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine.
SeeInformationCapturedbySnapshotsonpage 205. 12 ClickFinish. 13 Usetheguestoperatingsystemstoolstoformatanypartitionsonthephysicaldisk thatarenotformattedforyourguestoperatingsystem.
Adding DVD/CD-ROM and Floppy Drives to a Virtual Machine

Workstation7.xvirtualmachinescanuseupto4IDEdevicesandupto60SCSIdevices. AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualorphysicalharddiskorDVDorCDROMdrive. Bydefault,floppydriveisnotconnectedwhenthevirtualmachinepowerson. AvirtualmachinecanreaddatafromaDVDdisc.Workstationdoesnotsupport playingDVDmoviesinavirtualmachine.Youmightbeabletoplayamovieifyouuse aDVDplayerapplicationthatdoesnotrequirevideooverlaysupportinthevideocard.
Add DVD or CD Drives to a Virtual Machine

YoucanaddoneormoreDVDorCDdrivestoyourvirtualmachine.Youcanconnect thevirtualDVDorCDdrivetoaphysicaldriveonthehostmachineortoanISOimage file.
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YoucanconfigurethevirtualDVDorCDdriveaseitherIDEorSCSIregardlessofthe typeofphysicaldriveyouconnectitto.Forexample,ifyourhostcomputerhasanIDE CDdrive,youcansetupthevirtualmachinedriveaseitherSCSIorIDEandconnectit tothehostdrive.ThesameistrueifthephysicaldriveonthehostisaSCSIdrive. To add a DVD or CD drive to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectDVD/CDROMDriveandclickNext. MakeaselectionontheSelectaDriveConnectionpageandclickNext. (Optional)IfyouselectUsephysicaldrive: a b c ChooseadrivefromthedropdownlistorchooseAutodetect. ToavoidconnectingtheCDdrivewhenthevirtualmachinestarts,deselect Connectatpoweron. Tospecifywhichdevicenodethedriveusesinthevirtualmachine,click Advanced. SelectLegacyemulationonlyifyouexperiencedproblemsusingnormal mode.SeeLegacyEmulationforDVDandCDDrivesonpage 252. d 7 ClickFinish.
(Optional)IfyouselectUseISOimage: a b c d Enterthepathandfilenamefortheimagefileorbrowsetothefile. ToavoidconnectingtheCDdrivewhenthevirtualmachinestarts,deselect Connectatpoweron. Tospecifywhichdevicenodethedriveusesinthevirtualmachine,click Advanced. ClickFinish.
ThedriveissetupinitiallysothatitappearsasanIDEdrivetotheguestoperating system. 8 (Optional)TomakethedriveappeartotheguestoperatingsystemasaSCSIdrive, clicktheentryforthatdriveinthevirtualmachinesettingseditorandeditthe settingsinthepanelontheright.
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Legacy Emulation for DVD and CD Drives

Innormalmode(thatis,notlegacyemulationmode),theguestoperatingsystem communicatesdirectlywiththeCDorDVDdrive.Thisdirectcommunicationenables youtoreadmultisessionCDs,performdigitalaudioextraction,viewvideos,anduse CDandDVDwriterstoburndiscs. LegacyemulationmodeenablesyoutoreadonlyfromdatadiscsintheDVDorCD drive.Itdoesnotprovidetheothercapabilitiesofnormalmode.Uselegacyemulation modetoworkarounddirectcommunicationproblemsbetweenaguestoperating systemandaDVDorCDdrive. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings>Advanced)tosettheLegacy emulationoptionforDVDandCDdrivesattachedtothevirtualmachine:

OnWindowshosts,thisoptionisdeselectedbydefault. OnLinuxhostswithIDEdrives,thedefaultsettingdependsonwhetherthe ide-scsimoduleisloadedinyourkernel.Theide-scsimodulemustbeloaded, oryoumustbeusingaphysicalSCSIdrivetoconnectdirectlytotheDVDorCD drive.
Ifyourunmorethanonevirtualmachineatatime,andiftheirCDdrivesareinlegacy emulationmode,startthevirtualmachineswiththeirCDdrivesdisconnected.This ensuresthatmultiplevirtualmachinesarenotconnectedtotheCDdriveatthesame time.
Add a Floppy Drive to a Virtual Machine

Youcanadduptotwofloppydrivestoavirtualmachine.Avirtualfloppydrivecan connecttoaphysicalfloppydriveonthehostcomputer,toanexistingfloppyimage file,ortoablankfloppyimagefile.Bydefault,floppydriveisnotconnectedwhenthe virtualmachinepowerson. To add a floppy drive to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectFloppyDriveandclickNext. Followtheinstructionstocompletethewizard.
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IntheDeviceStatussection,selecttheConnectatpoweronoptiontoconnectthe floppydrivewhenthevirtualmachinepowerson. (Optional)Ifyouareaddingasecondfloppydrivetothevirtualmachine,enable thissecondfloppydriveinthevirtualmachineBIOS,asfollows: a b c SelectthevirtualmachineandchooseVM>Power>PowerOntoBIOS. Onthemainscreen,chooseLegacyDisketteB:andusetheplus(+)andminus ()keysonthenumericalkeypadtoselectthetypeoffloppydrivetouse. PressF10tosavethesettings.
Connect a CD-ROM, DVD, or Floppy Drive to an Image File

YoucanconnectanexistingvirtualCDROM,DVDtoanISOimagefileorfloppydrive toafloppyimage(.flpor.img)fileratherthanthephysicaldriveonthehost.For example,anISOimagefileresemblesaCDROMtoyourguestoperatingsystemand appearsasaCDROMinWindowsExplorer. Insomehostconfigurations,thevirtualmachinecannotbootfromtheinstallation CDROM.Toavoidthatproblem,createanISOimagefilefromtheinstallation CDROM. To connect a CD-ROM, DVD, or floppy drive to an image file 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectaDVD,CDROM,orfloppydrive. Dooneofthefollowing:
ForaDVDorCDROMdrive,selectUseISOImageandspecifythepath nameandfilename. Forafloppydrive:
Ifthefilealreadyexists,selectUsefloppyImageandspecifythepath nameandfilename. Tocreateanimagefile,clickCreate,browsetothedirectorywhereyou plantostorethefloppyimagefile,supplyafilename,andclickSave(on Windowshosts)orOpen(onLinuxhosts).
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(Optional)Tomakethefilereadonly,selecttheReadOnlycheckbox. ClickOK.
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Using VMware Virtual Disk Manager

VMwareVirtualDiskManagerisaWorkstationutilitythatallowsyoutocreate, manage,andmodifyvirtualdiskfilesfromthecommandlineorinscripts. Youcanenlargeavirtualdisksothatitsmaximumcapacityislargerthanitwaswhen youcreatedit.Thisisusefulifyouneedmorediskspaceinagivenvirtualmachine,but donotwanttoaddanothervirtualdiskoruseghostingsoftwaretotransferthedataon avirtualdisktoalargervirtualdisk.Youcannotdothiswithphysicalharddrives. Youcanalsochangedisktypes.Whenyoucreateavirtualmachine,youspecifyhow diskspaceisallocated,asfollows:
Allspaceforthevirtualdiskisallocatedinadvance.Thiscorrespondstothe preallocateddisktypeforVirtualDiskManager. Spaceallocatedforthevirtualdiskbeginssmallandgrowsasneeded.This correspondstothegrowabledisktypeforVirtualDiskManager.
Ifyouallocateallthediskspaceforavirtualdiskbutlaterneedtoreclaimsomehard diskspaceonthehost,youcanconvertthepreallocatedvirtualdiskintoagrowable disk.Thenewvirtualdiskisstilllargeenoughtocontainallthedataintheoriginal virtualdisk. Youcanalsochangewhetherthevirtualdiskisstoredinasinglefileorsplitinto2GB files. Thesefeaturesandtheabilitytousescriptingtoautomatemanagementofvirtualdisks wereaddedtoWorkstationinversion5.0.FormoreinformationonusingVirtualDisk Manager,seetheVirtualDiskManagerUsersGuideontheVMwareWebsite.
Using Dual-Boot Computers with Virtual Machines

SomeusersinstallWorkstationonadualbootormultiplebootcomputersothatthey canrunoneormoreoftheexistingoperatingsystemsinavirtualmachine.Formore informationaboutusingdualbootcomputerswithWorkstation,seetheVMware DualBootComputersandVirtualMachinestechnicalnoteontheVMwareWebsite.
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Legacy Virtual Disks

YouhaveseveraloptionsforusingWorkstation7.xinamixedenvironmentwithvirtual machinesthatwerecreatedwithearlierversionsofWorkstationorcreatedwithother VMwareproducts. Forcompatibilityinformation,seetheVMwareVirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuide. YoucanuseWorkstation7.xtopoweronvirtualmachinescreatedwitholderversions ofWorkstationorotherVMwareproducts.However,manynewfeaturesof Workstationarenotavailableinoldervirtualmachines.Toupgradeyourvirtual machinestoWorkstation7.x,seeChangetheVersionofaVirtualMachineonpage 90. Ifyoudecidenottoupgradeavirtualmachine,VMwarerecommendsthatyouupgrade VMwareToolstothelatestversion.SeeVMwareToolsUpdateProcessonpage 113. DonotremovetheolderversionofVMwareToolsbeforeinstallingthenewversion. YoucanalsouseWorkstationtocreateaversion4,5.x,or6.xvirtualmachine.SeeUse theNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 85.UsetheCustomsetupinthewizard. NOTEIfyouhaveWorkstation 2,3,or4virtualmachinesthatyouwanttousewith Workstation 7.x,upgradethevirtualmachinestoatleastWorkstationversion 5before youattempttopowerthemonwithWorkstation 7.x.
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Recording and Replaying Virtual Machine Activity
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Therecord/replayfeatureallowsyoutorecordalloftheactivityofaWorkstation5.x, 6.x,or7.xvirtualmachineoveraperiodoftime.UnliketheWorkstationmoviecapture feature,record/replayrecordsalltheprocessorinstructionsofthevirtualmachine throughoutthetimeoftherecording.ThisfeaturehelpssoftwaredevelopersandQA engineerstorecordabugandattachadebuggerwhilereplayingtherecording. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

UsingtheRecord/ReplayFeatureonpage 257 Hardware,OperatingSystem,andVirtualMachineRequirementsonpage 258 ConfigureRecord/ReplayforaVirtualMachineonpage 259 CreateaRecordingonpage 264 ReplayaRecordingonpage 265 UsingTraceFileofaRecordingonpage 267 ManagingRecordingsonpage 268
Using the Record/Replay Feature

Withtherecord/replayfeatureyoucancreatearecording.Youcanmakemultiple recordingsandusethesnapshotmanagertoname,delete,andplaythem.Whileyou aremakingarecordingyoucaninsertreplaysnapshotstoreturntospecificeventsand replaythem.Tomarkapointofinterestinarecordingyoucanaddamarker.Youcan alsocreateatracefile,torecordeventsthatoccurduringtherecording.
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Playingarecordingissimilartoasnapshot.Whenyouplayarecording,youswitch fromthecurrentstateofthevirtualmachinetotherecording.Atanytimewhenthe recordingisplaying,youcanclicktheGoLivebuttonandresumeinteractingwiththe virtualmachine. NOTEVirtualmachinerecordingsarenotinterchangeablebetweendifferentversions ofWorkstation.RecordingscreatedusingearlierWorkstationorbetareleasescannotbe replayedusingthecurrentversionofWorkstation.
Hardware, Operating System, and Virtual Machine Requirements

Tousetherecord/replayfeature,yourhostandguestneedtomeetthecertain hardware,operatingsystem,andvirtualmachinerequirements.
HostCPUsSupportedprocessorsincludeIntelPentium4,IntelCore2andlater versions,NextGenerationIntelMicroarchitectureNehalem,and Penryn/Harpertown,andAMDBarcelonaandlaterversions.Otherprocessors mightoperatemoreslowlyduringrecordingandreplaying. Donotusetherecord/replayfeatureonahostthatdoesnothavethesupported processor.Otherwisewhenyouattempttocreatearecording,anerrormessage appears,informingyouthatrecordingisnotsupportedonyourprocessor. NOTEIftherecord/replayfeatureisunstableonyourP4system,disable hyperthreadingandlogicalprocessorsintheBIOS. WhenhyperthreadingandlogicalprocessorsareenabledintheBIOS,other applicationsusingperformancecountersmightinterferewiththevirtualmachine runningintherecord/replaymode.Anexampleofanapplicationusing performancecountersistheperformanceprofilingtool.
UnsupportedvirtualhardwareSMPandparavirtualizationonVMIarenot supportedwithrecord/replay. DiskspaceTheamountofdiskspacearecordingusesdependsonthetypeof activitythatoccursonthevirtualmachineandthedurationoftherecording session.Bydefault,ascreenshotiscreatedevery15seconds.Assumethatyouneed severalmegabytesofdiskspaceforoneminuteofrecording.Multiplevirtual machineswithhighresolutiondisplaysettingsopenconsumemorediskspace.
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Chapter 12 Recording and Replaying Virtual Machine Activity
DiskmodeYoucannotusetherecord/replayfeatureifthevirtualmachines virtualharddiskissettoindependentmode.Recordingvirtualmachineactivity requireswritingdataaboutthediskontoacontinualsnapshot.UsetheAdvanced optioninthevirtualmachinesettingseditortochangetheharddiskmode. SupportedoperatingsystemsYoucanusetherecord/replayfeatureonthe followingguestoperatingsystems:

Windows2000,XP,2003,Vista,7. RedHatEnterpriseLinux3and4. SUSELinux9.3and10.x. 64bitversionsofthetheseguestoperatingsystemsmightnotworkwithsome oldhostCPUs.
VirtualmachineversionWorkstation5.x,6.x,and7.xvirtualmachinescanbe recorded.
Configure Record/Replay for a Virtual Machine

Dependingonyourhost,youmighthavetoconfigureyourvirtualmachinetoensure thattheprocessorconfigurationiscompatiblewithrecord/replay.Youcanalso configurethereplayandrunsettingsandenableordisableVMwaredebugging applications. FormanycombinationsofCPUandguestoperatingsystem,youcanselectAutomatic andstillusetherecord/replayfeature.Ifnot,anerrormessagedirectsyoutoselect AutomaticwithReplay. Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowingtasks.
VerifythatthehostandguestmeettherequirementslistedinHardware, OperatingSystem,andVirtualMachineRequirementsonpage 258. Poweroffthevirtualmachine.
To configure record/replay for a virtual machine 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineandselectVM>Settings. Tosetprocessorconfigurationforrecord/replay,selectVM>Settings>Hardware >Processorsandselect1processorwith1coreforeachprocessor.
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InthePreferredmodedropdownmenu,selectAutomaticorAutomaticwith ReplaytoletWorkstationselecttherunmodebasedontheguestoperatingsystem andthehostCPU.
BinarytranslationUsesamixofdirectlyexecutingguestcodeandbinary translationtoruntheguest.Usesshadowpagetablestomapguestmemory. IntelVTxorAMDVUseshardwareextensionstorunandisolateguest code.Usesshadowpagetablestomapguestmemory. IntelVTx/EPTorAMDV/RVIUseshardwareextensionstorunandisolate guestcode.Useshardwarepagingsupporttomapguestmemory.
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ClicktheOptionstabandselectReplay. (Optional)OntheReplaysettingspanel,asasafetyprecaution,usetheWhen Recordingcontrolstolimitthediskspacearecordingcanuse.
MaximumdiskspaceSetsthediskspaceforarecording.TheUnlimited optionusesmuchmorediskspacethan2GB. SavethelastSetsthedurationtosavetherecording. SnapshotfrequencySetsthesnapshotfrequency.The5minoptionuses muchmorediskspacethanNever.
(Optional)SelecttheEnableVAssert(experimental)checkboxtouseVMware VAsserttodebugapplications. VAssertenablesdevelopersandsupportengineerstotakeadvantageoftraditional assertionandloggingcapabilitiestodebugerrorsinreplaylogs.Theassertions appearonlyduringreplayofarecording.
(Optional)SelecttheEnableVisualStudiodebugger(experimental)checkboxto usetheIntegratedVirtualDebuggerforVisualStudioonWindowsonly. Developerscanuserecord/replaytorecordwhenanapplicationrunsanddebug therecordedformoftheapplication.Recordedbugscanbereplayedrepeatedly andexhibitthesamebehavior.
ClickOKtosaveyourconfigurationsettings.
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Options of the Record Control Dialog Box

OnWindows,arecordcontroldialogboxappearswhenyouclicktheRecordbuttonin thetoolbar.OnLinux,therecordoptionsarelocatedinthetoolbar.Formore informationonhowtocreatearecordingseeCreateaRecordingonpage 264. NOTEOnLinux,youcannotaddmarkerstoarecording. Table 121describestheavailableoptionsintherecordcontroldialogbox. Table 12-1. Record Control Dialog Box Options
Record Control Option Stop AddSnapshot Description Stopstherecordingthatisinprogress. Takesareplaysnapshotatthecurrentlocationwithintherecording.You canusethissnapshotduringreplaytoskipaheadinarecordingorreplay aspecificevent. Addsamarkerintherecordingwithouttakingareplaysnapshot.Youcan addandlabelamarkerasareminderofapointofinterestintherecording. Minimizes()therecordcontroldialogboxtothebottomleftofthestatus bar.Intheminimizedmodeyoucanworkonthevirtualmachineanduse thecontrolsinthestatusbartoeitherstoparecordingoraddamarker.You cannotclosetherecordcontroldialogbox. Showsthemaximumdiskspacequotaallocatedfortherecording. Displaystheapproximatedurationwheretheendofarecordingissaved. Forexample,ifyouselecttosavethelast30minutesoftherecording,asthe recordingcontinues,onlythelast30minutesofthevirtualmachineactivity issavedatanygiventime. Showsthefrequencyatwhichanautomaticreplaysnapshotisaddedtothe recording. Displayswhenthenextautomaticreplaysnapshotisgoingtobeaddedto therecording. Indicateswhenthelastreplaysnapshotwasaddedtotherecording.
AddMarker Minimize
Maximumdisk space Savingthelast
Snapshot Frequency Nextauto snapshot Lastsnapshot
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Options of the Replay Control Dialog Box

Thereplaycontroldialogboxappearswhenyoureplayarecording.Formore informationseeReplayaRecordingonpage 265. NOTEOnLinux,youcannotaddmarkerstoarecording. Figure 12-1. Windows Replay Control Dialog Box
current replay position slider replay snapshot marker
zoom controls
Go to Beginning
Go to Previous Snapshot
Go to Next Snapshot
replay speed control
Figure 12-2. Linux Replay Control Dialog Box

current replay position slider
pause
replay snapshots
replay speed control
Table 122describestheavailableoptionsinthereplaycontroldialogbox.
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Table 12-2. Replay Control Dialog Box Options

Replay Control Options Play/Pause Description Playsthelastrecordingyoumadefortheselectedvirtualmachine.Ifthe virtualmachineispoweredoff,therecordingresumesasifithadbeen suspended.Clickoncetopausethereplay.ThebuttonswitchestoaPlay button.ClickPlayagaintoresumereplay. Stopsthereplayinprogressandrevertstothecurrentstateofthevirtual machine. Takesareplaysnapshotatthecurrentlocationwithintherecording.You canusethissnapshotduringreplaytoskipaheadinarecordingorreplay aspecificevent. Addsamarkerintherecordingwithouttakingareplaysnapshot.Youcan addandlabelamarkerasareminderofapointofinterestintherecording. Returnstothebeginningoftherecording. Replaystherecordingtothepointwherethepreviousreplaysnapshotis locatedandpausestheplayback. Replaystherecordingtothepointwherethenextreplaysnapshotis locatedandpausestheplayback. Recordingjumpstotheselectedreplaysnapshotandreplaysfromthe specificreplaysnapshot.Rightclickthereplaysnapshoticontousethis option. Renamestheselectedreplaysnapshot.Rightclickthereplaysnapshot icontousethisoption. Deletestheportionoftherecordinguptotheselectedreplaysnapshot.All themarkersandreplaysnapshotsuptotheselectedreplaysnapshotare deletedandcannotberecovered.Rightclickthereplaysnapshoticonto usethisoption. Deletestheremainingportionoftherecordingaftertheselectedreplay snapshot.Allthemarkersandreplaysnapshotsaftertheselectedreplay snapshotaredeletedandcannotberecovered.Rightclickthereplay snapshoticontousethisoption. Renamestheselectedmarker.Rightclickthemarkericontousethis option. Deletestheselectedmarker.Rightclickthemarkericontousethisoption. Previewsareplay.Youcandragtheslidertothenearestpreviousmarker orreplaysnapshotandstartreplaying.OnLinux,theautoscrollfunction ofthezoomedinportionisenabled.TheCurrentReplayPositionSlider isaredarrowlocatedintheprogresstimeline.
GoLive AddSnapshot
AddMarker GotoBeginning GotoPrevious Snapshot GotoNext Snapshot GotoThis Snapshot RenameThis Snapshot DeleteUpto ThisSnapshot
DeleteAfter ThisSnapshot
RenameThis Marker DeleteThis Marker CurrentReplay PositionSlider
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Table 12-2. Replay Control Dialog Box Options (Continued)

Replay Control Options Zoomcontrol Minimize Description Controlsthezoominandoutfunctionduringreplay. Minimizes()therecordcontroldialogboxtothebottomleftofthestatus bar.Intheminimizedmodeyoucanviewtherecordinginthevirtual machineandusethecontrolsinthestatusbar.Theprogressindicatorin thestatusbarshowsthetimelineoftherecording.Youcannotclosethe recordcontroldialogbox. Controlsthereplayspeedofarecording.OnWindows,clicktheright buttontoincreasethereplayspeedtothemaximum.Clicktheleftbutton todecreasethereplayspeedtonormal.OnLinux,clickthebuttonto switchbetweenspeeds.Thespeedofaplaybackdependsonthehost activityandworkloadoftheguest.
Replayspeed control
Create a Recording
Torecordalltheprocessorinstructionsofthevirtualmachine,createarecording. Whileyouarecreatingarecordingyoucannotpauseorreverseit.Formore informationaboutconfiguringrecord/replayseeConfigureRecord/Replayfora VirtualMachineonpage 259. Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowingtasks.
Verifythescreenresolutionsettings.Theexistingscreenresolutionisusedinthe virtualmachinewhilereplayingarecording.Theresolutioncannotbechanged duringreplay. Verifythattheharddiskisnotsettoindependentmode.UsetheAdvancedoption inthevirtualmachinesettingseditortochangetheharddiskmode.
NOTEIfyouhotremoveavirtualdevicefromtheguestbyusingtheWindowsSafely RemoveHardwareoptionwhileyouarecreatingarecording,therecordingterminates unexpectedly. To create a recording 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. Tobeginrecording,selectVM>Replay>Record. Arecordingspecificsnapshotistaken,andtherecorddialogboxindicatesthat recordingisinprogress.
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(Optional)Toaddareplaysnapshotduringrecording,clickAddSnapshotand labelthereplaysnapshotintheAddReplaySnapshotdialogbox. Takingasnapshotpausesthevirtualmachineforafewseconds.Inadditiontothe manuallyaddedreplaysnapshots,theyarealsoautomaticallyaddedaccordingto thefrequencyyousetwiththevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
(Optional)Toaddamarkerduringrecording,clickAddMarkerandlabelthe markerintheAddMarkerdialogbox. Addingmarkersdoesnotpausethevirtualmachine.
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Tostoprecording,clickStopintherecordcontroldialogbox. (Optional)OnWindows,whileyouarecreatingarecording,youcanminimizethe recordcontrolandusetheminimizedcontroliconstostoparecording,adda replaysnapshot,oraddamarker. LabeltherecordingandclickSave. Usethedescriptionfieldtorecordnotesaboutthevirtualmachinestatecaptured intherecording.
(Optional)Ifyoudonotwanttosavetherecording,selectDiscardandclickYesin theconfirmationdialogbox.
Replay a Recording
Toreviewtheprocessorinstructionsofthevirtualmachine,add,rename,orremove replaysnapshotsormarkers,youmustreplaytherecording. Beforeyoubegin,ifthevirtualmachineispoweredonandyoudonotwanttolosethe currentstate,takeasnapshotofit.FormoreinformationseeTakeaSnapshoton page 209andTable 91,SnapshotManagerIcons,onpage 208. NOTEIfyouchangefromthewindowedmodetofullscreenmodeduringreplay,the autofitfeaturedoesnotwork. To replay a recording 1 2 3 FromtheFavoriteslist,selectthevirtualmachinetoreplay. ToplaythelatestrecordingofthevirtualmachineselectVM>Replay>Replay <name_of_recording>. (Optional)OnWindows,whileyouarereplayingarecordingminimizethereplay controlandusetheminimizedcontroliconstopause,play,gototheprevious snapshot,orgotothenextsnapshot.
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Inthedialogboxthatappears,confirmthatyouwanttostartreplayingthe recording. Toplayanearlierrecording,changethenameoftherecording,addorchangethe description,ordeletetherecordingusethesnapshotmanager. a b SelectVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. SelecttherecordingsnapshottoplayandclickReplay. IfyouclickGoLivewhiletherecordingisreplayingandreplaytherecording again,therecordingstartsfromthebeginningratherthanthepointatwhich youclickedGoLive.
Tosuspendthereplay,clickthePausebuttoninthereplaycontroldialogbox. ThebuttonswitchestoaPlaybutton.
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(Optional)ClickPlaytoresumereplay. (Optional)Youcanmakeatracefileofeventsthatoccurredduringrecording. (Optional)Tostopthereplayandresumeinteractingwiththevirtualmachine, clickGoLive. Whenyoureplaytherecordingagain,therecordingstartsfromthebeginning ratherthanthepointatwhichyouclickedGoLive.
Youcanrename,removemarkers,orselectanyoftheotheroptionsinthereplaycontrol dialogboxwhileyouarereplayingarecording.SeeReplayControlOptionson page 263.
Browse a Recording
Thelengthofarecordingcanvaryfromafewminutestoseveralhours.Whenthe recordingisseveralhourslong,usethecurrentreplaypositionslidertobrowsethe recordingatrandomintervals.Useeitherthezoomcontrolstozoominandoutofthe recordingorthezoomedinautoscrollfunctiontobrowsetherecording. To browse a recording 1 2 Openarecording. Dragthecurrentreplaypositionsliderfromoneareaintherecordingtoanother. Whenyoudragthecurrentreplaypositionslider,aconfirmationdialogbox appears.Theremustbeatleasta16secondintervalbetweenthecurrentreplay positionslider.
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(Optional)Intheconfirmationdialogbox,selecttheNevershowthisagaincheck box. Thedialogboxstopsreappearingeverytimeyoubrowsearecording.
ClickOK.
Thevirtualmachinerevertstothenearestpreviousreplaysnapshotandstarts replayinguntilitreachesthetargetlocation.Duringthereplay,thesliderremainsatthe samepoint,andtheremainingplaybacktimeappearsinredabovethecurrentreplay positionslider.Whentherecordingreachesthesliderslocation,therecordingis paused.Formoreinformation,seeFigure 121.
Using Trace File of a Recording

Tracefilesaredetailedlogsthatarehelpfulfordebugging.Whenyoumakeatracefile ofarecording,youcanviewalltheeventsthatoccurredduringtherecording.
Enable Tracing for a Recording

Tracingisdisabledbydefault.Tocreatetracefilesforarecording,youmustenableit. Beforeyoubegin,completethefollowingtasks.

Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Openthepreferencesfileinatexteditor.Thepreferencefileisinthefollowing location:
OnWindowsServer2003andWindowsXPhosts,C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Application Data\VMware OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts, %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\VMware\ OnLinuxhosts,<homedir>/<username>/.vmware/ Here<homedir>isthehomedirectoryoftheuserloggedinatthetimethe virtualmachineiscreated.
To enable tracing 1 Towritetracefilestothevmware.log,addthetracecommandtothepreferences file.

pref.replay.enableTrace = "TRUE"
SelectVM>Settings.
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OntheOptionstab,selectAdvanced. IntheSettingsoption,setGatherdebugginginformationtoFullfromthe dropdownmenu. ClickOK. (Optional)Towritetracefilestoaseparate.gzfile,addthetracecommandtothe .vmx file.

replay.nogzTrace = false
Whileyouarereplayingarecording,pressthetkeywiththepointergrabbedby theguestoperatingsystemwindowstoturninstructiontracingonandoff.
TheTracebuttonappearsinthereplaydialogbox.
Create a Trace File of a Recording

Afterenablingtracing,youcancreateanexecutionfileofarecordingfordebugging purposes. To create a trace file of a recording 1 2 Replayarecording. Inthereplaydialogbox,clickTracetostartthetracefile. Theplaybackspeedoftherecordingslowsconsiderablywhilethetracefileis created. 3 Toendthetracefile,clickTraceagain. Ifyoudonotselecttoendthetracefile,thetracefileendswhentherecording finishesreplaying.
Managing Recordings
Longrecordingsgenerateasignificantnumberofperiodicscreenshotsthatare automaticallycreatedinthevirtualmachinedirectory.Afewlongrecordingscan consumeasubstantialamountofdiskspace.Whenyoucreaterecordings,Workstation entersfulldebuggingmode,whichrequiresdiskspace.Toefficientlymanagedisk space,removeunwantedrecordingsanddisableperiodicscreenshotsforlong recordings.
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Delete a Recording
Toregainfreediskspace,deleteoldandunwantedrecordings. To delete a recording 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager. Selecttherecordingtodelete. Removearecording.
Removewithcorrespondingsnapshots,rightclickonarecordingandselect DeleteRecordingandChildren. Removeandleavethecorrespondingsnapshotsintherecordingintact,select arecordingandclicktheDelete.
Disable Periodic Screenshots

Disablingperiodicscreenshotsforlongrecordingsfreesharddiskspace.Evenwhen periodicscreenshotsaredisabled,onescreenshotistakenattheendofeveryrecording. FormoreinformationseeCreateaRecordingonpage 264. To disable periodic screenshots 1 Addaperiodicscreenshotcommandlinetotheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforthe virtualmachine.
snapshot.periodicScreenshots = "X"
WhereXdenotestheintervalofscreenshotstakeninseconds.Thedefaultvaluefor Xis15seconds. 2 3 4 Todisableperiodicscreenshots,changethevalueofXto0. Saveandclosetheconfigurationfile. Createarecording.
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Configuring Teams
13
Thischapterdescribeswhatvirtualmachineteamsareusedfor,howtocreatethem, andhowtoconfigurethem.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

BenefitsofUsingTeamsonpage 271 ManagingTeamsonpage 272 SummaryandConsoleViewsforTeamsandTheirVirtualMachinesonpage 276 ManagingtheMembersofaTeamonpage 276 PowerOperationsforTeamsandTheirMembersonpage 279 WorkingwithTeamNetworksonpage 280 CloningandTakingSnapshotsofTeamVirtualMachinesonpage 283
Benefits of Using Teams

Workstationteamsallowyoutosetupavirtualcomputerlabononehostcomputer. Useateamtopoweronmultipleassociatedvirtualmachineswithasingleclick. Youcanuseteamstodothefollowing:
VirtualizemultitierenvironmentsStartseparateclient,server,anddatabase virtualmachineswithoneclick.Configurestartupdelaytimessoclientsdonot submitqueriesbeforetheserverisready. Settingastartupdelaybetweenthebootingofvirtualmachinesalsoavoids overloadingtheCPUofthehost.
VirtualizemultiplemachinetestingenvironmentsSetupasoftwarepackage forQAonavirtualmachineandconfigureautomationonothervirtualmachines totestthefirst.
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VirtualizenetworkperformanceandsecurityTeamvirtualmachinescanuse networkingjustasothervirtualmachinescan.Inaddition,teammemberscan communicateinprivatenetworkscalledLANsegments.Teamnetworkingletsyou todothefollowing:
Isolateateamcompletelyfromthehostnetwork.AteamLANsegmentis undetectableandinaccessiblefromanyothernetwork. CreateavirtualDMZorproxyservertosecurelybridgetheteammembersto theoutsidenetwork. Allowspecificnetworkbandwidthandpacketlosstoeachvirtualmachineon theteam. Connectallteammembersfullytohostresources.
Youcontrolalltrafficallowedbetweenthehostnetworkandteamvirtual machines.
MonitormultiplevirtualmachinesUsethumbnailviewsofthevirtualmachine displaystoreviewactivityonteamvirtualmachinessimultaneously.
Managing Teams
Managingteamsrequirescreating,deleting,opening,closing,andchangingthenames ofteams.
Create a Team
UsetheNewTeamwizardtocreateateamandaddvirtualmachines. Beforecreatingateam,ifyouplantoaddvirtualmachinestotheteamwhile completingtheNewTeamwizard,taketheseactions:

Poweroffanyvirtualmachinesthatyouwanttoaddtotheteam. Poweroffanyvirtualmachinesthatyouwanttocloneifyouintendtocreatea cloneandaddittotheteam.
Youcaninsteadaddvirtualmachinesafteryoucreatetheteam,byusingtheTeam menu. NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachinescannotbeaddedtoteams.
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Chapter 13 Configuring Teams
To create a team 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>New>Team. IntheNewTeamwizard,supplythefollowinginformation: a Enteranamefortheteamandspecifythelocationofthevirtualteamfiles. Bydefault,theteamfilesarestoredinthesamedirectoryasvirtualmachines. SeeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 80. b Specifywhethertoaddvirtualmachinestotheteamnoworlater. Ifyouwanttoaddvirtualmachinesnow,youhavethefollowingoptions:
NewVirtualMachineLaunchestheNewVirtualMachinewizard.See UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 85. ExistingVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyoucan navigatethehostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile. Whenyouaddavirtualmachinetoateam,itcannolongerbeaccessed outsidetheteam.SeeAddaVirtualMachinetoaTeamonpage 277.
NewCloneofVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyou cannavigatethehostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile.Afteryou selectavirtualmachine,WorkstationlaunchestheCloneVirtualMachine wizard.SeeCreatingClonesonpage 221.
SpecifywhethertoaddoneormoreLANsegments. YoucanaddLANsegmentsafteryoucreatetheteambyusingtheTeam menu.IfyouaddLANsegmentswhilecreatingtheteam,youcanchange defaultnamesandbandwidthlater.SeeWorkingwithTeamNetworkson page 280.
Aftertheteamiscreated,youcanaddittotheFavoriteslist.UsetheTeammenuto configuretheteamfurtherortoaddandremovevirtualmachines.
Open a Team and Add It to the Favorites List

Openingateamdisplaysitssummarytabbutdoesnotpoweronthevirtualmachines includedintheteam. To open a team and add it to the Favorites list 1 2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseFile>Open. Browsetothelocationofthe.vmtmfilefortheteamyouwant.
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3 4
SelectthefileandclickOpen. (Optional)ToaddtheteamtotheFavoriteslist,chooseFile>AddtoFavorites. AfterateamisaddedtotheFavoriteslist,youcanopenitbyclickingitinthe Favoriteslistratherthanusingthemenubar.
Youcannowpowerononeormoreofthevirtualmachinesintheteam.SeePowerOn aTeamonpage 279.
Rename a Team
Whenyoucreateateam,thenameofthedirectorywheretheteam(.vmtm)fileisstored isbasedonthenameyouoriginallygivetheteam.Althoughyoucanchangethename oftheteam,thenameofthisfiledoesnotchange. To rename a team Dooneofthefollowing:
IftheteamisintheFavoriteslist,rightclickitandchooseRename.Typethenew nameandpressEnter. SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings>Options.Typeanewnameinthe TeamnamefieldandclickOK.
Power Off or Close a Team

Poweringoffateammeansshuttingdownallthevirtualmachinesintheteam. The virtualmachinesarepoweredoffinreverseorderofthatshowninthestartup sequence.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeamonpage 278. ClosingateamremovesitssummarytabfromtheWorkstationwindow.Dependingon howyousetWorkstationpreferences,closingateammightrequirepoweringoffthe team. To power off or close a team Dependingonwhichoperationyouwanttoperform,dooneofthefollowing:
Topowerofftheteam,selectitandchooseTeam>Power>PowerOff. Dependingonhowyouconfiguredpoweroperations,theguestoperatingsystem mightbeshutdownbeforethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.SeeConfigure PowerOffandResetOptionsforaVirtualMachineonpage 150.
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Toclosetheteam,selectitandchooseFile>Close. DependingonhowWorkstationpreferencesareset,ifanyoftheteamsvirtual machinesarestillpoweredon,youmightseeaprompt.Forinformationaboutthe optionsshownintheprompt,seeClosingVirtualMachinesandExiting Workstationonpage 66.
Delete a Team
Beforeyoucandeleteateam,youmustpoweroffallvirtualmachinesthataremembers oftheteam.SeePowerOfforCloseaTeamonpage 274. Whenyoudeleteateam,youcanchoosetodelete:

Onlytheteam(retainingthevirtualmachinesintheteam) Theteamandthevirtualmachinesintheteam
ToremoveateamfromtheWorkstationwindowratherthandeletingit,seeRemovea VirtualMachinefromaTeamonpage 277. CAUTIONDeletingateampermanentlyremovestheteamfilesfromthehostfilesystem andremovesassociatedLANsegmentsfromallvirtualmachines.Deletingtheteams virtualmachinesalongwiththeteamremovesthevirtualmachinefilespermanently. To delete a team 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Delete from Disk. Completethedialogboxthatappears:

Todeletetheteamwithoutdeletingthevirtualmachinesinit,chooseDelete. Todeletetheteamandthevirtualmachinesinit,chooseDeleteTeamand VMs.
Whenyoudeleteateam,youalsodeleteallteamLANsegments.Thevirtual networkadaptersassociatedwithdeletedLANsegmentsbecomedisconnected. Bridged,hostonly,NAT,andcustomconfigurationsremainunchanged. 3 ClickOK.
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Summary and Console Views for Teams and Their Virtual Machines
Workstationdisplaysteamsinasummaryvieworconsoleview:

Thesummaryviewisavailableatanytime.SeeSummaryViewonpage 50. Theconsoleviewisavailableonlywhenateamispoweredon.Agrabbarallows youtoresizetheareas.Thisviewdisplaysalargeconsoleviewoftheselected virtualmachineandthumbnailconsoleviewsoftheothervirtualmachinesinthe team.Thumbnailviewsshowtheorderofthestartupsequencefromlefttoright andtoptobottom.
Iftheteamcontainsmanyvirtualmachines,youmightneedtoscrollthethumbnailsto viewallthevirtualmachines.Thethumbnailsaredisplayedinthesameorderasthe teamsstartupsequence.Theleftmostvirtualmachineisthefirstoneinthesequence. Workstationupdatesthumbnailsinrealtimetodisplaytheactualcontentofthevirtual machinescreens.Theactivevirtualmachineistheoneyouselectorswitchtobyusing theTeam>SwitchTomenu.Itappearsinthelowerpaneoftheconsole.Itsthumbnail isrepresentedbytheVMwareicon. Workstationmenusandcommandsdirectlyaffectonlytheactivevirtualmachine,and youcanusethemouseandkeyboardtointeractdirectlywiththeactivevirtual machine. Infullscreenmode,Workstationdisplaysonlytheactivevirtualmachine.SeeUseFull ScreenModeonpage 161.
Managing the Members of a Team

Managingmembersofateamrequiresaddingvirtualmachinestoateam,removing themfromateam,andsettingtheorderinwhichmembersofateamstartandstop.
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Add a Virtual Machine to a Team

Beforeyouaddavirtualmachinetoateam,considertheseissues:
Avirtualmachineisnotpoweredonwhenyouaddittoarunningteam.Youmust powerontheaddedvirtualmachinemanuallytouseitduringthecurrentsession. Theaddedvirtualmachineisthereafterpoweredonoroffwiththerestoftheteam. Whenyouaddavirtualmachinetoateam,youcannolongeroperatethevirtual machineoutsidetheteam.Addingavirtualmachinetoateamremovesitfromthe Favoriteslist.
NOTEWorkstation4virtualmachinescannotbeaddedtoteams. To add a virtual machine to a team Selecttheteam,chooseTeam>Add,andchooseoneofthefollowingoptions:
NewVirtualMachineLaunchestheNewVirtualMachinewizard.SeeUsethe NewVirtualMachineWizardonpage 85. ExistingVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyoucannavigatethe hostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile. Whenyouaddavirtualmachinetoateamitcannolongerbeaccessedoutsidethe team.
NewCloneofVirtualMachineOpensafilebrowserfromwhichyoucan navigatethehostfilesystemtolocateanexisting.vmxfile.Afteryouselecta virtualmachine,WorkstationlaunchestheCloneVirtualMachinewizard.See CreatingClonesonpage 221.
Remove a Virtual Machine from a Team

Removeavirtualmachinefromateamwhenyouwanttousethevirtualmachine independently.Thatis,itdoesnotneedtobestarteduporshutdownbeforeorafter anyothervirtualmachine.Italsodoesnotneedtobeinaprivateteamnetwork. NOTEWhenyouremoveavirtualmachinefromateam,youalsoremoveitfromteam LANsegments.VirtualnetworkadaptersassociatedwithLANsegmentsbecome disconnected.Bridged,hostonly,NAT,andcustomconfigurationsremainunchanged.
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To remove a virtual machine from a team 1 2 Poweroffthevirtualmachinethatyouwanttoremove. SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Remove><virtual machine name>. Theselectedvirtualmachineisremovedfromtheteam. Youcanperformthesetasksafterremovingthevirtualmachine:
AddthevirtualmachinetotheFavoriteslist.SeeToaddvirtualmachinesand teamstotheFavoriteslistonpage 58. Deletethevirtualmachineanderaseitsfilesfromthehostfilesystem.SeeDelete aVirtualMachineonpage 156.
Specify the Startup Sequence for a Team

Useastartupsequencetospecifytheorderinwhichvirtualmachinesstartandstopand thedelay,inseconds,betweenstartingandstoppingthenextvirtualmachineinthe sequence. Poweronandresumeoperationsoccurintheorderofthesequenceshownintheteam settingslist.Poweroffoperationsoccurinreverseorder.Thedefaultsequence,isthe orderinwhichyouaddedthevirtualmachinestotheteam.Thedefaultdelayis 10 seconds. Settingastartupsequenceisuseful,forexample,ifyouhaveavirtualmachinethatruns anapplicationtobetestedandyouwantittostartbeforethevirtualmachinesrunning anautomatedtestingscript. SettingadelayavoidsoverloadingtheCPUwhenmultiplevirtualmachinesstartand allowsapplicationsonavirtualmachinetolaunchbeforeanotherteamvirtualmachine attemptstoconnect. To specify a startup sequence for a team 1 2 3 Selecttheteam. ChooseTeam>SettingsandclicktheVirtualMachinestab. Usetheupanddownarrowbuttonstoarrangethevirtualmachinesinthelist. Thevirtualmachineatthetopofthelististhefirstinthestartupsequence.
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Selecteachvirtualmachineandspecifyhowmanysecondsyouwantittowait beforestartingthenextvirtualmachine. Ifthevirtualmachineteamdependsonprecisestartuptiming,experimentto determinehowmuchtimethehostandguestoperatingenvironmentsand applicationsneedtolaunch.
ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Power Operations for Teams and Their Members

Poweroperationsforteamsaremuchthesameasthoseforanindividualvirtual machine.However,forateam,youcanalsochangethesequenceinwhichthemembers ofateampoweronandoff.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequenceforaTeamonpage 278. YoucanalsouseWorkstationscommandlineapplicationforteampoweroperations. SeeAppendix:WorkstationCommandLineReferenceonpage 485.
Power On a Team
Whenyoupoweronateam,thevirtualmachinesintheteampoweroninthestartup sequencespecifiedintheteamsettingseditor.SeeSpecifytheStartupSequencefora Teamonpage 278. To power on a team Dooneofthefollowing:
TousetheWorkstationGUI,selecttheteamandchooseTeam>Power> Power On. Tousethecommandline,seeStartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtual Machinesonpage 485.
Suspend or Resume a Team

Whenyoususpendateam,allteamvirtualmachinesaresuspendedsimultaneously. Thestartupsequencedeterminestheorderinwhichvirtualmachinesareresumedand howmuchtimeelapsesbeforeresumingthenextteammember.SeeSpecifythe StartupSequenceforaTeamonpage 278. IfyouattempttocloseWorkstationwhileateamsuspendorresumeoperationisstillin progress,awarningdialogboxappears.
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To suspend or resume a team 1 Tosuspendorresumeateam,selecttheteamandchooseoneoftheTeam>Power options. Allteamvirtualmachinesaresuspendedsimultaneously. 2 Toseetheprogressofaparticularteammember,chooseTeam>Switch To> <virtual_machine_name>.
Thetimetocompletetheoperationvarieswiththesizeofthevirtualmachines.
Perform Power Operations on One Team Member

Performingapoweroperationforonememberofateamissimilartoperformingthe operationforavirtualmachinethatisnotpartoftheteam,exceptthatinsteadof selectingthemachinefromtheFavoriteslist,youselectitfromtheteamsconsoletab. To perform power operations on one team member 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachinefromtheteamsconsoletab. ChoosetheappropriatecommandfromtheVM>Powermenu.
Working with Team Networks

Oneoftheadvantagesofteamsistheabilitytoisolatevirtualmachinesinprivate virtualnetworks,calledLANsegments.Thiscanbeusefulwithmultitiertesting, networkperformanceanalysis,andsituationswhereisolationandpacketlossare important. ForinformationaboutotheraspectsofnetworkingthanLANsegments,seeChapter 14, ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork,onpage 285.
LAN Segment Requirements Regarding IP Addresses

Whenyouaddanexistingvirtualmachinetoateam,thevirtualmachinemightbe configuredtoexpectanIPaddressfromaDHCPserver.UnlikehostonlyandNAT networking,LANsegmentshavenoDHCPserverprovidedautomaticallyby Workstation.
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EachnetworkclientmusthaveanIPaddressforTCP/IPnetworking.Thereforeyou mustmanuallyconfigureIPaddressingforteamvirtualmachinesonaLANsegment. Twochoicesareavailable:
DHCPConfigureaDHCPserveronyourLANsegmenttoallocateIPaddresses toyourvirtualmachines. StaticIPConfigureafixedIPaddressforeachvirtualmachineontheLAN segment.
Create a Team LAN Segment

ThefirststeptocreatingavirtualnetworkforateamistoaddandnameaLAN segment.Youcanthenconfigureconnectionstothissegment. To create a team LAN segment 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Add>LAN Segment. EnteranamefortheprivatenetworkandclickOK. Youcanconfiguretheothersettingsinthisdialogboxlater. YoucanperformthesetasksaftercreatingaLANsegment:
Configurenetworktransmissionpropertiesforthesegment.SeeConfigureLAN Segmentsonpage 281. Createanetworkadapterandconnectittothesegment.SeeAddorRemove NetworkAdaptersonpage 282.
Configure LAN Segments

YoucanconfigurenetworktransmissionpropertiesforateamLANsegment,including bandwidthsettingssuchasconnectiontypeandspeed,aswellaspercentageofpacket lossallowed. To configure LAN segments 1 2 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings. ClicktheLANSegmentstab,andcompletethefields. Fromthistabyoucanadd,remove,andrenametheLANsegmentsconfiguredfor theteam. ThelistintheleftpanedisplaysLANsegmentsassociatedwiththeteam.
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ClickanametoselecttheLANsegmentyouwanttoconfigure. Therightpanedisplaysparametersforthephysicalpropertiesoftheemulated LANsegmentlink:
NameNameoftheLANsegment.Tochangethename,typeanewnamein theNamefield. BandwidthDropdownmenuofbandwidthsfortypicalnetworklinks.To changethebandwidth,chooseanotherconnectiontypefromthedropdown menu. KbpsFieldtosetacustombandwidth,inkilobitspersecond.Changeshere areoverwrittenwhenyoumakeaselectionfromtheBandwidthmenu.To changethebandwidth,typeanumberintothefield. PacketLossSpecificationoftheefficiencyorfaultinessofthelink,measured inthepercentageofpacketslostfromthetotalnumberofpacketstransmitted. Tochangethepacketlosssetting,typeanumberintothefield.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. (Optional)Ifvirtualmachinesarecurrentlyrunningandyouwantthemtoadopt theseconfigurationchanges,poweron,reset,orresumethevirtualmachines,as appropriate.
Add or Remove Network Adapters

AphysicalPCmusthaveanetworkadapterorNIC(networkinterfacecontroller),for eachphysicalnetworkconnection.Similarly,avirtualmachinemustbeconfigured withavirtualnetworkadapterforeachLANsegmentitinteractswith. ToconnectavirtualmachinetomultipleLANsegmentssimultaneously,youmust configurethatvirtualmachinewithmultiplenetworkadapters. To add or remove network adapters 1 2 Poweroffthevirtualmachinethatyouwanttoaddanetworkadaptertoor removeanadapterfrom. SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings.
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OntheConnectionstab,selectthevirtualmachineanddooneofthefollowing:
Toaddanetworkadapter,clickAddAdapter. TheaddedadapterisdisplayedintheAdapterscolumn.Bydefault,the adapterconnectstothebridgedLANsegment,butyoucanchangethesetting byclickingacheckboxforanothersegment.Ifthesegmentyouwanttouseis notlisted,createit.SeeCreateaTeamLANSegmentonpage 281. NICsconfiguredwithconnectionsthroughaDHCPservercannotconnectto ateamLANsegment.
Toremoveanadapter,selecttheadapteryouwanttoremoveandclick RemoveAdapter.
ClickOK.
Delete a LAN Segment

DeletingaLANsegmentdisconnectsallvirtualnetworkadaptersthatareconfigured forthatLANsegment.Whenyouremoveavirtualmachinefromateam,youmust manuallyconfigureitsdisconnectedvirtualnetworkadapterifyouwanttoreconnect thevirtualmachinetoanetwork. To delete a LAN segment 1 2 3 SelecttheteamandchooseTeam>Settings. ClicktheLANSegmentstabandselecttheLANsegmentyouwanttodelete. ClickRemoveandclickOK.
Cloning and Taking Snapshots of Team Virtual Machines

Youcancloneavirtualmachineinateaminthesamewayyoucloneanyothervirtual machine.SeeCreatingClonesonpage 221. Whenyoucloneavirtualmachineinateam:

Theresultingcloneisnotpartoftheteam. ThecloneappearsontheFavoriteslistaswellasinasummarywindow. IftheparentvirtualmachineisconfiguredforaLANsegment,thevirtualnetwork adapterforthatLANsegmentonthecloneisdisconnected.Toconnecttoa network,youmustreconfigurethevirtualEthernetadaptermanually.
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Snapshotsoperateonlyonvirtualmachinesandnotonthewholeteam.Whenateam isactive,youcanusetheSnapshotbuttononthetoolbartotakeasnapshotofonlythe activevirtualmachine. Topreservethestateofallvirtualmachinesonateam,powerofftheteam,andtakea snapshotofeachvirtualmachinebeforeyoupowerontheteamagain.
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Configuring a Virtual Network
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ThischapterpreviewsthevirtualnetworkingcomponentsthatVMwareWorkstation providesandshowshowtousethemwithyourvirtualmachine.Thischapterincludes thefollowingtopics:

ComponentsoftheVirtualNetworkonpage 285 CommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 286 ExampleofaCustomNetworkingConfigurationonpage 291 ChangingaNetworkingConfigurationonpage 295 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingonpage 297 ChangingtheSubnetorDHCPSettingsforaVirtualNetworkonpage 299 ConfiguringHostVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 301
Components of the Virtual Network

Workstationprovidesthebridged,networkaddresstranslation(NAT),hostonly networking,andcustomnetworkingoptionstoconfigureavirtualmachineforvirtual networking.
Virtual Switch
Likeaphysicalswitch,avirtualswitchletsyouconnectothernetworkingcomponents together.VirtualswitchesarecreatedasneededbyWorkstation,uptoatotalof10 virtualswitchesonWindowsand255onLinux.Youcanconnectoneormorevirtual machinestoaswitch.Bydefault,afewofthevirtualswitchesaremappedtospecific networks.
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Table 14-1. Default Virtual Network Switches

Network Type Bridged NAT Hostonly Switch Name VMnet0 VMnet8 VMnet1 Reference BridgedNetworkingonpage 287 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT)onpage 289 HostOnlyNetworkingonpage 290
TheotheravailablenetworksarenamedVMnet2,VMnet3,VMnet4,andsoon.
DHCP Server
Thedynamichostconfigurationprotocol(DHCP)serverprovidesIPnetwork addressestovirtualmachinesinconfigurationsthatarenotbridgedtoanexternal network.Forexample,hostonlyandNATconfigurationsusetheDHCPserver.
Network Adapter
Avirtualnetworkadapterissetupforyourvirtualmachinewhenyouuseanytypeof networkingtocreateitwiththeNewVirtualMachinewizard.Itappearsintheguest operatingsystemasanAMDPCNETPCIadapterorasanIntelPro/1000MTServer Adapter.OnWindowsVistaandWindows7guests,itisanIntelPro/1000MTServer Adapter. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortocreateandconfigureupto10network adaptersineachWorkstation6.0andhighervirtualmachine.Thelimitisthreeadapters forWorkstation4or5.xvirtualmachines.Formoreinformation,seeChanginga NetworkingConfigurationonpage 295.
Common Networking Configurations

WhenyouchoosethestandardnetworkingoptionsintheNewVirtualMachinewizard orthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,thenetworkingconfigurationsaresetupforyou automatically. IfyouselecttheTypicalsetuppathintheNewVirtualMachinewizard,thewizardsets upnetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)forthevirtualmachine.SelecttheCustomsetup pathtochooseanyofthecommonconfigurations:bridgednetworking,NAT,or hostonlynetworking.Thewizardconnectsthevirtualmachinetotheappropriate virtualnetwork.
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Chapter 14 Configuring a Virtual Network
Youcansetupmorespecializedconfigurationsbychoosingtheappropriatesettingsin thevirtualmachinesettingseditor,inthevirtualnetworkeditor(onWindowsand Linuxhosts),andonyourhostcomputer.Onallhosts,thesoftwareneededforall networkingconfigurationsisinstalledwhenyouinstallWorkstation. YoucanconnectmultiplevirtualmachinestothesamevirtualEthernetswitch.Ona Windowshost,youcanconnectanunlimitednumberofvirtualnetworkdevicestoa virtualswitch.OnaLinuxhost,youcanconnectupto32devices. IfyouhavesetyourvirtualnetworksettingsonapreviousversionofWorkstationand upgradetoanewversion,yourpreviousnetworksettingsmightbefullyorpartially preserved.Formoreinformation,seePreparingforanUpgradeonpage 40.
Bridged Networking
Bridgednetworkingconnectsavirtualmachinetoanetworkbyusingthehost computersnetworkadapter.Ifyourhostcomputerisonanetwork,thisisoftenthe easiestwaytogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothatnetwork.Thevirtualnetwork adapterinthevirtualmachineconnectstothephysicalnetworkadapterinyourhost computer,allowingittoconnecttotheLANthehostcomputeruses. Bridgednetworkingconfiguresyourvirtualmachineasauniqueidentityonthe network,separatefromandunrelatedtoitshost.Itmakesthevirtualmachinevisible toothercomputersonthenetwork,andtheycancommunicatedirectlywiththevirtual machine.Bridgednetworkingworkswithbothwiredandwirelessphysicalhost networkcards. Figure 14-1. Bridged Networking Setup
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virtual network switch (VMnet0) virtual bridge host network adapter
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Set Up Bridged Networking

WindowsandLinuxhostscanusebridgednetworkingtoconnecttowiredandwireless networks. To set up bridged networking Dooneofthefollowing:
Foranewvirtualmachine,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine>Custom (advanced)andselectUsebridgednetworkingintheNewVirtualMachine wizard. Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>Settings. a b c OntheHardwaretabselectNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkconnectionsectionselectBridged:Connecteddirectlytothe physicalnetwork. (Optional)SelectReplicatephysicalnetworkconnectionstateifyouusethe virtualmachineonalaptoporothermobiledevice. Asyoumovefromonewiredorwirelessnetworktoanother,theIPaddressis automaticallyrenewed.
Setup Requirements for IP Addresses

Ifyouusebridgednetworking,yourvirtualmachinemusthaveitsownidentityonthe network.Forexample,onaTCP/IPnetwork,thevirtualmachineneedsitsown IP address.YournetworkadministratorcantellyouwhetherIPaddressesareavailable foryourvirtualmachineandwhichnetworkingsettingsyoushoulduseintheguest operatingsystem.Generally,yourguestoperatingsystemcanacquireanIPaddress andothernetworkdetailsautomaticallyfromaDHCPserver,oryoumightneedtoset theIPaddressandotherdetailsmanuallyintheguestoperatingsystem. Ifyouusebridgednetworking,thevirtualmachineisafullparticipantinthenetwork. Ithasaccesstoothermachinesonthenetworkandothermachinesonthenetworkcan contactitasifitwereaphysicalcomputeronthenetwork. Userswhobootmultipleoperatingsystemsoftenassignthesameaddresstoall systems,becausetheyassumethatonlyoneoperatingsystemwillberunningatatime. NOTEIfthehostcomputerissetuptobootmultipleoperatingsystemsandyourun oneormoreoftheminvirtualmachines,configureeachoperatingsystemwitha uniquenetworkaddress.
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Network Address Translation (NAT)

NATconfiguresavirtualmachinetosharetheIPandMACaddressesofthehost. The virtualmachineandthehostshareasinglenetworkidentitythatisnotvisible outsidethenetwork.NATcanbeusefulwhenyournetworkadministratorletsyouuse asingleIPaddressorMACaddress.IfcannotgiveyourvirtualmachineanIPaddress ontheexternalnetwork,youcanuseNATtogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothe InternetoranotherTCP/IPnetwork.NATusesthehostcomputersnetwork connection.NATworkswithEthernet,DSL,andphonemodems. Figure 14-2. NAT Setup
virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet8)
DHCP server
NAT device
network
IfyouselectNAT,thevirtualmachinecanusemanystandardTCP/IPprotocolsto connecttoothermachinesontheexternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanuseHTTPto browseWebsites,FTPtotransferfiles,andTelnettologontoothercomputers. NAT alsoletsyoutoconnecttoaTCP/IPnetworkbyusingaTokenRingadapteronthe hostcomputer. Inthedefaultconfiguration,computersontheexternalnetworkcannotinitiate connectionstothevirtualmachine.Thatmeans,forexample,thatthedefault configurationdoesnotletyouusethevirtualmachineasaWebservertosendWeb pagestocomputersontheexternalnetwork.Thisconfigurationprotectstheguest operatingsystemfrombeingcompromisedbeforeyouhaveachancetoinstallsecurity software.FormoreinformationonNAT,seeUsingNATonpage 317.
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Setting Up NAT
Bydefault,NATisusedwhenyouusetheTypicalsetuptocreateavirtualmachinein theNewVirtualMachinewizard.

IfyouuseNAT,yourvirtualmachinedoesnothaveitsownIPaddressontheexternal network.Instead,aseparateprivatenetworkissetuponthehostcomputer.Your virtualmachinegetsanaddressonthatnetworkfromtheVMwarevirtualDHCP server.TheVMwareNATdevicepassesnetworkdatabetweenoneormorevirtual machinesandtheexternalnetwork.Itidentifiesincomingdatapacketsintendedfor eachvirtualmachineandsendsthemtothecorrectdestination.
Host-Only Networking
Hostonlynetworkingcreatesanetworkthatiscompletelycontainedwithinthehost computer.Hostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthevirtual machineandthehostcomputer,usingavirtualnetworkadapterthatisvisibletothe hostoperatingsystem.Thisapproachcanbeusefulifyouneedtosetupanisolated virtualnetwork.Inthisconfiguration,thevirtualmachinecannotconnecttothe Internet.Formoreinformationonhostonlynetworking,seeSelectingIPAddresses onaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationonpage 304. Figure 14-3. Host-Only Networking Setup
virtual machine
virtual network switch (VMnet1) host network adapter
DHCP server
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Set Up Host-Only Networking

Youcansetuphostonlynetworkingwhilecreatingavirtualmachineorafteravirtual machineiscreated. To set up host-only networking Dooneofthefollowing:
Foranewvirtualmachine,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine>Custom (advanced)andselectUsehostonlynetworkingintheNewVirtualMachine wizard. Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>Settings. a b OntheHardwaretabselectNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkconnectionsectionclickHostonly:Aprivatenetworkshared withthehost.

Ifyouusehostonlynetworking,yourvirtualmachineandthehostvirtualadapterare connectedtoaprivateEthernetnetwork.TheVMwareDHCPserverprovides addressesonthisnetwork.
Routing and Connection Sharing

Ifyouinstalltheproperroutingorproxysoftwareonyourhostcomputer,youcan establishaconnectionbetweenthehostvirtualnetworkadapterandaphysical networkadapteronthehostcomputer.Thisletsyouconnectthevirtualmachinetoa TokenRingorothernonEthernetnetwork. OnaWindowsXPorWindowsServer2003hostcomputer,youcanusehostonly networkingincombinationwiththeInternetconnectionsharingfeatureinWindowsto allowavirtualmachinetousethehostsdialupnetworkingadapterorother connectiontotheInternet.FordetailsonhowtoconfigureInternetconnectionsharing, seeyourWindowsdocumentation.
Example of a Custom Networking Configuration

WiththeWorkstationvirtualnetworkingcomponents,youcancreatesophisticated virtualnetworks.Thevirtualnetworkscanbeconnectedtooneormoreexternal networks,ortheycanrunentirelyonthehostcomputer.OnWindowshosts,youcan usethevirtualnetworkeditortoaccessmultiplenetworkcardsinyourhostandcreate multiplevirtualnetworks.
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Beforeyouattempttosetupcomplexvirtualnetworks,youneedagoodunderstanding ofhowtoconfigurenetworkdevicesinyourhostandguestoperatingsystems. Figure 144showsmostofthewaysyoucancombinedevicesonavirtualnetwork.In thisexample,aWebserverconnectsthroughafirewalltoanexternalnetwork.An administratorscomputerconnectstotheWebserverthroughasecondfirewall. Figure 14-4. Custom Configuration with Two Firewalls
host network adapter virtual bridge virtual network adapter virtual network switch virtual (VMnet0) network adapter virtual network adapter
virtual machine 2 Web server
virtual machine 1 firewall
virtual machine 3 firewall
virtual machine 4 internal PC
OthercustomconfigurationsaredescribedinAdvancedVirtualNetworkingon page 303andUsingNATonpage 317.
Set Up a Custom Networking Configuration

Tosetupthecustomnetworkingconfiguration,createfourvirtualmachinesanduse thevirtualmachinesettingseditortoadjustthesettingsfortheirvirtualnetwork adapters.Installtheappropriateguestoperatingsystemsandapplicationsoftwarein eachvirtualmachineandmaketheappropriatenetworkingsettingsineachvirtual machine.
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To set up a custom networking configuration 1 SetupfourvirtualmachinesusingtheNewVirtualMachinewizard: a b c ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachine. Createthefirstvirtualmachinewithbridgednetworkingsothatitcanconnect toanexternalnetworkbyusingthehostcomputersnetworkadapter. Createtheotherthreevirtualmachineswithoutnetworking. Settingupvirtualnetworkadaptersandinstallationoftheoperatingsystems areperformedinStep 7. 2 Configurenetworksettingsforthefirstvirtualmachine: a b Openthefirstvirtualmachine,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetwork adapter. SeeChangingaNetworkingConfigurationonpage 295. c 3 ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
Configurenetworksettingsforthesecondvirtualmachine. a b c Openavirtualmachine,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
Configurenetworksettingsforthethirdvirtualmachine: a b c d e Openvirtualmachine3,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet2). Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetwork adapter. ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet3).
Configurenetworksettingsforthefourthvirtualmachine: a b c Openvirtualmachine4,butdonotpoweriton. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet3).
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DeterminethenetworkaddressesusedforVMnet2andVMnet3:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrunthefollowing command:
ipconfig /all
Notethenetworkaddressesthateachvirtualadapteruses.
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrunthefollowingcommand:
ifconfig
Notethenetworkaddressesthateachvirtualswitchuses. 7 8 Poweroneachvirtualmachineinturnandinstalltheappropriateguestoperating system. OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,toconfigurenetworkaddressesusingtheDHCP server,dothefollowing: a ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. OnLinux,chooseApplications>SystemTools>VirtualNetworkEditor,or theequivalentmenupathforyourversionofLinux. b SelectVMnet2andchecktheUselocalDHCPservicetodistributeIPaddress toVMsoption. Formoreinformationonchangingsubnets,seeChangeSubnetorDHCP SettingsonaWindowsHostonpage 300andChangeSubnetorDHCP SettingsonaLinuxHostonpage 300. 9 Configurethenetworkingineachguestoperatingsystem:
Machine1Forthebridgednetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,usethe networkingsettingsneededforaconnectiontotheexternalnetwork.Ifthe virtualmachinereceivesitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserverontheexternal network,thedefaultsettingsshouldwork. Forthesecondnetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,manuallyassignan IP addressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2.
Machine2AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2. Machine3NetworkadaptersareconnectedtoVMnet2andVMnet3.Assign anIPaddressinthevirtualnetworksrangeitisconnectedto. Machine4AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet3.
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Installthenecessaryapplicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachine.
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Changing a Networking Configuration

Youcanusethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddvirtualnetworkadapterstoyour virtualmachineandchangethenetworkingconfigurationofexistingadapters.
Find the Network Type of a Virtual Machine

Unlessyousetupacustomnetworkconnection,avirtualmachineusesabridged,NAT, orhostonlynetworkconnection.IfyouusetheTypicalsetuppathintheNewVirtual Machinewizardtocreateavirtualmachine,thenewvirtualmachineusestheNAT networktype. Formoreinformation,seeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 286. To find the network type of a virtual machine 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings>Hardware. Selectthenetworkadapter. TheNetworkConnectionsectiondisplaysthedetailsthatletsyoutochangethe settings. Tochangethenetworktype,seeModifyExistingVirtualNetworkAdapterson page 296.
Add Virtual Network Adapters

Youcanaddupto10virtualnetworkadapterstoavirtualmachine. To add virtual network adapters 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachinetowhichyouwanttoaddtheadapter. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. SelectNetworkAdapterandclickNext. Selectthenetworktypetouse.
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(Optional)IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnetnetworktousefromthe dropdownmenu. AlthoughVMnet0,VMnet1,andVMnet8aretechnicallyavailableinthislist,they areusuallyusedforbridged,hostonly,andNATconfigurations,respectively.You mustperformanotherproceduretomakethemavailableforuseincustom configurations.ChooseoneoftheotherVMnetswitches.
ClickFinish. Thenewadapterisadded.
ClickOKtosaveyourconfiguration.
Modify Existing Virtual Network Adapters

Beforeyoubeginmodifyingthevirtualnetworkadapters,determinethenetworktype youwanttoassign.SeeCommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 286. To modify existing virtual network adapters 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selecttheadaptertomodify. Selectthenetworktypetouse. (Optional)IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnetvirtualnetworktouseforthe networkfromthedropdownmenu. AlthoughVMnet0,VMnet1,andVMnet8aretechnicallyavailableinthismenu, theyareusuallyusedforbridged,hostonly,andNATconfigurations,respectively. Youmustperformanotherproceduretomakethemavailableforuseincustom configurations.ChooseoneoftheotherVMnetswitches. 6 7 ClickOK. BesuretheguestoperatingsystemisconfiguredtouseanappropriateIPaddress onthenewnetwork. IftheguestisusingDHCP,releaseandrenewthelease.IftheIPaddressisset statically,besuretheguesthasanaddressonthecorrectvirtualnetwork.
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Configuring Bridged Networking

WindowsandLinuxhostsallowyoutoconfigurebridgednetworking.Youcanview andchangethesettingsforbridgednetworkingonyourhost,determinewhich networkadaptersonyourhosttouseforbridgednetworking,andmapspecific networkadapterstospecificvirtualnetworks,calledVMnets.
Configure VMnet0 Automatic Bridged Networking on a Windows Host

WhenyouconfigureVMnet0bridgednetworkingthechangeyoumakeaffectsallthe virtualmachinesthatusebridgednetworkingonthehost. To configure VMnet0 bridged networking on a Windows host 1 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. Bydefault,VMnet0issettouseautomaticbridgingmodeandbridgestoallofthe activenetworkadaptersonthehostcomputer. 2 ClicktheAutomaticSettings,andselectthecheckboxfortheavailablephysical networkadapter(s)toautomaticallybridgetoVMnet0. Toplacerestrictionsonanetworkadapter,seeAddorRemoveaHostNetwork AdapterfromtheListofIncludedAdapters. 3 ClickOK.
Add or Remove a Host Network Adapter from the List of Included Adapters
Onhostsystemswithmultiplephysicalnetworkadapters,thechoiceofwhichadapter Workstationusesisarbitrary.Therefore,youcanplaceorremoverestrictionsona networkadapterofyourchoice. To add or remove a host network adapter from the list of included adapters 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ClickAutomaticSettings. IntheIncludeadapterssection,dooneofthefollowing:

Toremoveanadapter,deselecttheadapter. Toaddanadapter,selecttheadapter.
ClickOK.
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Designate a Physical Network Adapter to Bridge to Custom Virtual Switches

Beforeyouchangethebridgedadaptermappings,checkwhichvirtualnetworkthe physicalnetworkadapterisgoingtobeassignedto. CAUTIONIfyoureassignaphysicalnetworkadaptertoadifferentvirtualnetwork,any virtualmachinethatisusingtheoriginalnetworklosesitsnetworkconnectivity throughthatnetwork.Youmustthenchangethesettingforeachaffectedvirtual machinesnetworkadapterindividually. Thiscanbeespeciallytroublesomeifyourhosthasonlyonephysicalnetworkadapter andyoureassignittoaVMnetotherthanVMnet0.Inthiscase,eventhoughtheVMnet stillappearstobebridgedtoanautomaticallychosenadapter,theonlyadapteritcan usewasassignedtoanotherVMnet. To designate a physical network adapter to bridge to custom virtual switches 1 2 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ChooseanadapterfromtheBridgedtodropdownmenu. YoucancreateacustombridgednetworkonvirtualswitchesVMnet2toVMnet7. OnWindows,youcanalsouseVMnet9.OnLinux,youcanalsousevmnet10 throughvmnet255. 3 ClickOK.
Configure vmnet0 Automatic Bridged Networking on a Linux Host

Bydefault,vmnet0issettouseautomaticbridgingmodeandbridgestooneofthe activenetworkadaptersonthehostcomputer. To configure vmnet0 automatic bridged networking on a Linux host 1 OntheLinuxhost,dooneofthefollowing:
Fromthedesktop,selectApplications>SystemTools>VMwareNetwork Editor,ortheequivalentmenupathforyourversionofLinux.
Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
/usr/bin/vmware-netcfg
Whenprompted,entertheadministratorpassword.
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3 4 5
Ifthetableinthenetworkeditordoesnotdisplayarowforvmnet0,click Add NetworkandcompletetheAddVirtualNetworkdialogbox. Selectthevmnet0rowinthetableandselectBridged. Dooneofthefollowing:
Touseautomaticbridging,clickAutomaticSettingsandcompletethedialog box. Ifyouselectmultiplecheckboxes,thevirtualmachinebridgestothefirst availablehostnetworkadapter.Ifaniteminthelistisdisabled,theadapteris notavailablebecauseitisalreadybeingusedtobridgetoanothervmnet.
Tospecifyonehostnetworkadapter,usetheBridgetolistbox.
ClickSave.
Setting Up a Second Automatic Bridged Network Interface

Ifyouhavetwonetworkadaptersinstalledonyourhostcomputerthatareconnected totwodifferentnetworks,youmightwantyourvirtualmachinesonthathostcomputer tobridgetobothnetworkadapterssothatthevirtualmachinescanaccesseitherorboth physicalnetworks. WhenyouinstallWorkstationonahostcomputerwithmultiplenetworkadapters,you canconfiguremultiplebridgednetworks.OnaWindowshost,tosetupmultiple bridgednetworksseeConfigureVMnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingona WindowsHostonpage 297.OnaLinuxhost,tosetupmultiplebridgednetworkssee Configurevmnet0AutomaticBridgedNetworkingonaLinuxHostonpage 298.
Changing the Subnet or DHCP Settings for a Virtual Network

OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,youcanusethevirtualnetworkeditortomakechanges tosubnetandDHCPsettings. IPnetworksaredividedusingsubnetmasks.Whenyoumodifythesubnetmask, WorkstationautomaticallyupdatestheIPaddresssettingsforothercomponentssuch asDHCP,NAT,andhostvirtualadapterifthedefaultsettingswereneverchanged. The specificsettingsthatareautomaticallyupdatedincludeDHCPleaserange,DHCP serveraddress,NATgatewayaddress,andhostvirtualadapterIPaddress.
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However,ifyouchangedanyofthesesettingsfromtheirdefaultvalue,Workstation doesnotupdatethatsettingautomaticallyifthevalueisinthevalidrange.Ifthevalue exceedsthevalidrange,Workstationresetsthesettingsbasedonthesubnetrange. Workstationpresumesthatcustomsettingsarenottobemodified.Thisisthecaseeven ifyoulaterchangedthesettingbacktothedefault.
Change Subnet or DHCP Settings on a Windows Host

Tochangethesubnetsettings,configurethesubnetmask.Thedefaultsubnetmaskis 255.255.255.0(aClassCaddress).Typically,thismeansyoushouldmodifyonlythe thirdnumberintheIPaddress,forexample,xin192.168.x.0or198.16.x.0.Ingeneral, donotchangethesubnetmask.Certainvirtualnetworkservicesmightnotworkaswell withacustomizedsubnetmask. To change subnet or DHCP settings on a Windows host 1 2 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ChangethesubnetIPaddressintheSubnetIPfieldandmodifythesubnetmask intheSubnetmaskfield. Theaddressshouldspecifyavalidnetworkaddressthatissuitableforusewiththe subnetmask. 3 4 ClickOK. IntheDHCPsettingsdialogbox,youcanchangetherangeofIPaddresses providedbytheWorkstationDHCPserveronaparticularvirtualnetwork. YoucanalsosetthedurationofDHCPleasesprovidedtoclientsonthevirtual network. 5 ClickOK.
Change Subnet or DHCP Settings on a Linux Host

NATandhostonlynetworktypescanhavesettingsforsubnetIP.Youcanusethe virtualnetworkeditortochangesubnetsettingsforavirtualnetworkonaLinuxhost. YoucanalsousethevirtualnetworkeditortospecifythatalocalDHCPservice distributesIPaddressestovirtualmachines.TochangeDHCPsettingsfurther,editthe dhcp.conffile.SeeConfiguretheDHCPServeronaLinuxHostonpage 306.
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To change subnet or DHCP settings on a Linux host 1 OntheLinuxhost,dooneofthefollowing:
Fromthedesktop,chooseApplications>SystemTools>VirtualNetwork Configuration,ortheequivalentmenupathforyourversionofLinux. Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:

/usr/bin/vmware-netcfg
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Whenprompted,entertheadministratorpassword. Ifthetableinthenetworkeditordoesnotdisplayarowforthenetworktypeyou want,clickAddNetworkandcompletetheAddVirtualNetworkdialogbox. Usevmnet1forahostonlynetworktype,andusevmnet8foraNATnetworktype.
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SelecttherowinthetablethatcorrespondstothenetworktoeditandselectNAT orHostonly,asappropriate. UsetheappropriatecheckboxestospecifywhethertouseaDHCPservice,ahost virtualadapter,orboth. TospecifysubnetIP,dooneofthefollowing:
ToautomaticallyselectanunusedsubnetIP,leavetheSubnetIPtextbox empty. Thenexttimeyoustartthevirtualnetworkeditor,thesubnetIPappearsinthe textbox.
TypethesubnetIPyouwanttouseintheSubnetIPtextbox.
ClickSave.
Configuring Host Virtual Network Adapters

WhenyouinstallWorkstation,twonetworkadaptersareaddedtotheconfigurationof yourhostoperatingsystem.Oneletsthehosttoconnecttothehostonlynetwork,and theotherletsthehosttoconnecttotheNATnetwork. Thepresenceofvirtualnetworkadaptershasaslightperformancecost,because broadcastpacketsmustgototheextraadapters.OnWindowsnetworks,browsingyour networkmightbeslowerthanusual.Insomecases,theseadaptersinteractwiththe hostcomputersnetworkingconfigurationinundesirableways.
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Connect or Disconnect a Host Virtual Network Adapter

Beforeyoudisconnectahostvirtualnetworkadapterdeterminewhetheryouaregoing tousethevirtualnetworkadapter. To connect or disconnect a host virtual network adapter 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ClicktheConnectahostvirtualadaptertothisnetworkoptiontoconnect. DeselecttheConnectahostvirtualadaptertothisnetworkoptiontodisconnect.
Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks

Setupmultiplehostonlynetworksonthesamehostcomputerinsituationssuchasthe following:
Tohavetwovirtualmachinesconnectedtoonehostonlynetwork,andother virtualmachinesconnectedtoanotherhostonlynetworktoisolatethenetwork trafficoneachnetwork. Totestroutingbetweentwovirtualnetworks. Totestavirtualmachinewithmultiplenetworkinterfacecards,withoutusingany physicalnetworkadapters.
OnWindowsandLinuxhosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupautomaticallywhen youinstallWorkstation.TosetupmultiplehostonlynetworksonWindowsandLinux hostsseeConnectorDisconnectaHostVirtualNetworkAdapteronpage 302. OnaLinuxhost,afterthehostonlynetworksaresetup,atleastfournetworkinterfaces appear:eth0,lo,vmnet1,andvmnet2.Thesefourinterfacesshouldhavedifferent IP addressesonseparatesubnets.
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Advanced Virtual Networking
15
Thischapterprovidesdetailedinformationaboutnetworkingcapabilitiesand specializedconfigurationsforexpertusers.Thischapterincludesthefollowing advancedvirtualnetworkingtopics:

SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationon page 304 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetworkonpage 306 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineonpage 308 ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinuxonpage 310 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinuxonpage 311 ConfiguringHostOnlyVirtualMachinesonpage 312 SetUpRoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworksonpage 314 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHoston page 316 UsingNATonpage 317 AdvancedNATConfigurationonpage 320 UsingSambawithWorkstationonpage 329
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Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration

Thehostandallvirtualmachinesconfiguredforhostonlynetworkingareconnected tothenetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Typically,allthepartiesonthisnetworkuse theTCP/IPprotocolsuite,althoughothercommunicationprotocolscanbeused. Anetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)configurationalsosetsupaprivatenetwork, whichmustbeaTCP/IPnetwork.ThevirtualmachinesconfiguredforNATare connectedtothatnetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Ahostvirtualadapterconnectsthe hostcomputertotheprivatenetworkusedforNAT. Eachvirtualmachineandthehostmustbeassignedaddressesontheprivatenetwork. ThisistypicallydonebyusingtheDHCPserverincludedwithWorkstation.Thisserver doesnotservicevirtualorphysicalmachinesresidingonbridgednetworks. AddressescanalsobeassignedstaticallyfromapoolofaddressesthattheDHCPserver doesnotassign.
How the Subnet Number Is Assigned

WhenhostonlynetworkingisenabledatthetimeWorkstationisinstalled,thesubnet IPaddressforthevirtualnetworkisautomaticallyselectedasanunusedprivatesubnet IPaddress.ANATconfigurationalsousesanunusedprivatenetworkautomatically selectedwhenyouinstallWorkstation.
Find the Network Type Used on a Virtual Machine

Beforeyouassignasubnetnumber,determinethenetworktypeusedonthevirtual machine. To find the network type used on a virtual machine ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ThesubnetnumberassociatedwiththevirtualnetworkislistedintheSubnetAddress column.
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Chapter 15 Advanced Virtual Networking
Determining Whether to Use DHCP or Statically Assign Addresses

UsingDHCPtoassignIPaddressesissimplerandmoreautomaticthanstatically assigningthem.MostWindowsoperatingsystems,forexample,arepreconfiguredto useDHCPatboottime,soWindowsvirtualmachinescanconnecttothenetworkthe firsttimetheyarebooted,withoutadditionalconfiguration.Ifyouwantyourvirtual machinestocommunicatewitheachotherusingnamesinsteadofIPaddresses, however,youmustsetupanamingconvention,anameserverontheprivatenetwork, orboth.InthatcaseitmightbesimplertousestaticIPaddresses. Ingeneral,ifyouhavevirtualmachinesyouintendtousefrequentlyorforextended periodsoftime,itismostconvenienttoassignthemstaticIPaddressesorconfigurethe VMwareDHCPservertoalwaysassignthesameIPaddresstoeachofthesevirtual machines.
DHCP Conventions for Assigning IP Addresses

Fortemporaryvirtualmachines,useDHCPandletitallocateanIPaddress. ForeachhostonlyorNATnetwork,theavailableIPaddressesareallocatedusingthe conventionsshowninTable 151andTable 152,where<net>isthenetworknumber assignedtoyourhostonlyorNATnetwork.WorkstationalwaysusesaClassCaddress forhostonlyandNATnetworks. Table 15-1. IP Address Use on a Host-Only Network
Range <net>.1 <net>.2<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 <net>.254 <net>.255 Address Use Hostmachine Staticaddresses DHCPassigned DHCPserver Broadcasting Example 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
Table 15-2. IP Address Use on a NAT Network

Range <net>.1 <net>.2 <net>.3<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 Address Use Hostmachine NATdevice Staticaddresses DHCPassigned Example 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253
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Table 15-2. IP Address Use on a NAT Network (Continued)

Range <net>.254 <net>.255 Address Use DHCPserver Broadcasting Example 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
Configure the DHCP Server on a Windows Host

OnaWindowshost,usethevirtualnetworkeditortoconfiguretheDHCPserver. To configure the DHCP server on a Windows host 1 2 3 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. ClickDHCPSettingstochangesettingsfortheselectedvirtualnetwork. IntheDHCPSettingsdialogboxthatappears,makechangesandclickOK.
Configure the DHCP Server on a Linux Host

EditingtheDHCPserverconfigurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtained directlyfromtheDHCPserverdocumentation.Consultthedhcpd(8)and dhcpd.conf(8)manualpages. NOTETheeditsmadeinsidethereadonlysectionoftheDHCPconfigurationfileare lostthenexttimeyourunthenetworkeditor. To configure the DHCP server on a Linux host
ToconfigurethehostonlyDHCPserver,edittheDHCPconfigurationfilefor vmnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcp/dhcp.conf). ToconfiguretheDHCPserverfortheNATnetwork,edittheconfigurationfilefor vmnet8(/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf).
Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network

Eachhostonlynetworkshouldbeconfinedtothehostmachineonwhichitissetup. Packetsthatvirtualmachinessendonthisnetworkshouldnotleakouttoaphysical networkattachedtothehost.Packetleakagecanoccuronlyifamachineactively forwardspackets. Ifyouusedialupnetworkingsupportinavirtualmachineandpacketforwardingis enabled,hostonlynetworktrafficmightleakoutthroughthedialupconnection. To preventtheleakage,disablepacketforwardinginyourguestoperatingsystem.
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Ifthehostcomputerhasmultiplenetworkadapters,itmightbeintentionally configuredtouseIPforwarding.Ifthatisthecase,youdonotwanttodisable forwarding.Toavoidpacketleakage,youmustenableapacketfilteringfacilityand specifythatpacketsfromthehostonlynetworkshouldnotbesentoutsidethehost computer.Consultyouroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonhowto configurepacketfiltering.
Disable Packet Forwarding on Windows Hosts

SystemsusingserverversionsofWindowsoperatingsystemscanforwardIPpackets thatarenotaddressedtothem.Bydefault,thesesystemsandWindowsVistaand Windows7systemshaveIPpacketforwardingdisabled.IPforwardingisnota problemonWindows XPProfessionalorWindows XPHomeEditionhosts. IfyoufindpacketsleakingfromahostonlynetworkonaWindowshostcomputer, checkwhetherforwardingwasenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitisenabled,disableit. To disable packet forwarding on Windows hosts Dooneofthefollowing:
StoptheRoutingandRemoteAccessservice: a b ChooseStart>Runandenterservices.mscintheRundialogbox. IntheServiceswindowthatappears,disabletheRoutingandRemoteAccess service.
UseWindowsAdministrativeToolstodisableroutingandremoteaccess: a OnaWindows2003Serverhost,chooseStart>Programs>Administrative Tools>RoutingandRemoteAccess. Aniconontheleftislabeledwiththehostname.Ifagreendotappearsover theicon,IPforwardingisturnedon. b ToturnoffIPforwarding,rightclicktheiconanddisableRoutingand RemoteAccess. Areddotappears,indicatingthatIPforwardingisdisabled.
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Disable Packet Forwarding on Linux Hosts

IfyoufindpacketsleakingfromahostonlynetworkonaLinuxhostcomputer,check whetherforwardingwasmistakenlyenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitisenabled, disableit. To disable packet forwarding on Linux hosts DependingonwhichtypeofLinuxsystemyouhave,useoneofthefollowingmethods:
Disableforwardingbywritinga0(zero)tothespecialfile /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward.Asroot(su-),enterthefollowingcommand:
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
UseaconfigurationoptionthatisappropriateforyourLinuxdistribution. For example,youmightuseacontrolpanel,specifyasettingatthetimeyou compileyourkernel,orenteraspecificationwhenyoubootyoursystem. Fordetailsaboutthemethodtousewithyourdistribution,consultyouroperating systemdocumentation.
Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine

Whenavirtualmachineispoweredon,Workstationassignseachofitsvirtualnetwork adaptersanEthernetmediaaccesscontrol(MAC)address.AMACaddressisthe uniqueaddressassignedtoeachEthernetnetworkdevice. ThesoftwareguaranteesthatvirtualmachinesareassigneduniqueMACaddresses withinagivenhostsystem.ThevirtualmachineisassignedthesameMACaddress everytimeitispoweredonifbothofthefollowingconditionsaretrue:
Thevirtualmachineisnotmoved.Thatis,thepathnameandfilenameforthe virtualmachinesconfigurationfileremainthesame. Nochangesaremadetocertainsettingsintheconfigurationfile.
However,WorkstationcannotguaranteetoautomaticallyassignuniqueMAC addressesforvirtualmachinesthatrunonmultiplehostsystems.
Avoiding MAC Address Changes

ToavoidchangesintheMACaddressautomaticallyassignedtoavirtualmachine,do notmovethevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.Movingittoadifferenthost computerorevenmovingittoadifferentlocationonthesamehostcomputerchanges theMACaddress.
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Donotchangecertainsettingsinthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.If you neveredittheconfigurationfilebyhandanddonotremovethevirtualnetwork adapter,thesesettingsremainunchanged.Ifyoudoedittheconfigurationfilebyhand, donotremoveorchangethefollowingoptions:

ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset uuid.location uuid.bios ethernet[n].present
Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualnetworkadapter,forexample0. NOTETopreserveavirtualnetworkadaptersMACaddress,youmustbecarefulnot toremovetheadapter.Ifyouremovetheadapterbutlaterrecreateit,theadapter mightreceiveadifferentMACaddress.
Assign the Same MAC Address to Any Virtual Machine Manually

AssigntheMACaddressmanuallyinsteadofallowingWorkstationtoassignitto guaranteethefollowing:
ThesameMACaddressisassignedtoagivenvirtualmachineeverytimeyou poweriton,evenifthevirtualmachineismoved. AuniqueMACaddressisprovidedforeachvirtualmachinewithinanetworked environment.
To assign the same MAC address to any virtual machine manually 1 Useatexteditortoremovefromtheconfiguration(.vmx)filethethreelinesthat beginwiththefollowing:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualnetworkadapter,forexample,0. OnaLinuxhost,avirtualmachinecreatedwithanearlierVMwareproductmight haveaconfigurationfilewitha.cfgextension.
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AddthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfileabovetheUUIDlinesinthefile:
ethernet[n].address = 00:50:56:XX:YY:ZZ
Inthisline,thefourthpairofnumbers,XX,mustbeavalidhexadecimalnumber between00hand3Fh,andYYandZZmustbevalidhexadecimalnumbersbetween 00handFFh.YoumustusetheaboveformatbecauseWorkstationvirtual machinesdonotsupportarbitraryMACaddresses. AvalueforXX:YY:ZZthatisuniqueamongyourhardcodedaddressesavoids conflictsbetweentheautomaticallyassignedMACaddressesandthemanually assignedaddresses.
Controlling Routing Information for a Host-Only Network on Linux

Ahostonlynetworkisafullfledgednetwork.Ithasanetworkinterfaceassociated withit(vmnet1)thatismarkedupatthetimethehostoperatingsystemisbooted. Routingserverprocessesthatoperateonthehostoperatingsystem,suchasroutedand gated,automaticallydiscoverthehostonlynetworkandpropagateinformationon howtoreachthenetworkunlessyouexplicitlyconfigurethemnottodoso. Ifeitheroftheseprocessesisbeingrunonlytoreceiveroutinginformation,theeasiest solutionistoruntheroutingconfigurationwitha-qoptionsothatthehostonly networkdoesnotsupplybutonlyreceivesroutinginformation. If,however,routingservicesarerunningbecausetheyaretosupplyrouting information,configurethemsothattheydonotadvertiseroutestothehostonly network. TheversionofroutedincludedwithmanydistributionsofLinuxhasnosupportfor specifyingthataninterfaceshouldnotbeadvertised.Consulttherouted(8)manual pageforyoursystem. Forgated,configurationyoumustexplicitlyexcludethevmnet1interfacefromany protocolactivity.Ifyouneedtorunvirtualmachinesonahostonlynetworkona multihomedsystemwheregatedisusedandhaveproblemsdoingso,contactVMware technicalsupportbysubmittingasupportrequestontheVMwareWebsite.
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Potential Issues with Host-Only Networking on Linux

Thefollowingarecommonissuesyoumightencounterwhenyouareconfiguringa hostonlynetworkonLinux.
DHCPD on the Linux Host Does Not Work After Installing Workstation
IfyouwererunningtheDHCPserverdhcpdutilityonyourmachinebeforeyou installedWorkstation,itprobablywasconfiguredtorespondtoDHCPrequestsfrom clientsonanynetworkinterfacepresentonthemachine.Whenhostonlynetworking isconfigured,anadditionalnetworkinterface,vmnet1,ismarkedupandavailablefor use,anddhcpdmightnoticethis. Insuchcases,somedhcpdimplementationsabortiftheirconfigurationfilesdonot includeasubnetspecificationfortheinterface.Thiscanhappenevenifdhcpdisnot supposedtorespondtomessagesthatarrivethroughtheinterface. Thebestsolutionistoaddalinetothedhcpdconfigurationfileinthefollowingformat:
subnet <net>.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {}
Here <net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourhostonlynetwork,forexample, 192.168.0.Thislineintheconfigurationfileinformsdhcpdaboutthehostonlynetwork andtellsitexplicitlynottorespondtoanyDHCPrequestsarrivingfromit. Analternativesolutionistoexplicitlystatethesetofnetworkinterfacesfordhcpdto monitoreachtimeyoustarttheprogram.Forexample,ifyourmachinehasone Ethernetinterface,eth0,eachtimeyoustartdhcpd,listtheinterfaceonthecommand line:

dhcpd eth0
Thispreventsdhcpdfromsearchingforallavailablenetworkinterfaces. IfthesesolutionsdonotworkforyourDHCPserverprogram,itmightbeanoldDHCP server.YoucantryupgradingtoamorecurrentversionofDHCPavailablefromthe InternetSystemsConsortium(ISC)Website.
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DHCP and DDNS

UseDHCPtosupplyIPaddressesaswellasotherinformation,suchastheidentityof ahostrunninganameserverandthenearestrouterorgateway.TheDHCPserverin Workstationdoesnotprovideameanstodynamicallyestablisharelationshipbetween theIPaddressitassignsandaclientsname(thatis,toupdateaDNSserverusing dynamicdomainnameservice(DDNS). Tousenamestocommunicatewithothervirtualmachines,youmusteithereditthe DHCPconfigurationfileforvmnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf),or useIPaddressesthatarestaticallyboundtoahostname.EditingtheDHCPserver configurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtaineddirectlyfromtheDHCP serverdocumentation.Consultthedhcpd(8)anddhcpd.conf(8)manualpages. NOTETheeditsmadeinsidethereadonlysectionoftheDHCPconfigurationfileare lostthenexttimeyourunthenetworkeditor.
Configuring Host-Only Virtual Machines

Ifyouhavealreadycreatedtwohostonlyinterfaces(VMnet1andVMnet2),youcanset upyourvirtualmachinesforoneofthefollowingconfigurations:
Configuration1Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetwork adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface (VMnet1).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration1or2on page 313. Configuration2Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualnetwork adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration1 or2onpage 313. Configuration3Thevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithtwovirtualnetwork adapters.Onevirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface (VMnet1)andtheothervirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeSetUpUsingConfiguration3 onpage 313.
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Set Up Using Configuration 1 or 2

Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoconnectthevirtualmachinetothedefault hostonlyadapteroracustomhostonlyadapter. To set up using configuration 1 or 2 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkConnectionsection,dooneofthefollowing:

Toconnecttothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1),selectHostonly. Toconnecttothenewlycreatedhostonlyinterface,selectCustom,andchoose VMnet2fromthedropdownmenuontheright.
(Optional)Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,addone,as describedinAddVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 295.
Set Up Using Configuration 3

Makesurethattherearetwonetworkdevicesforthisvirtualmachine.Formore informationonaddingvirtualnetworkadapters,seeAddVirtualNetworkAdapters onpage 295. To set up using configuration 3 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthefirstNetworkAdapter. IntheNetworkConnectionsection,selectHostonly. Thisadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1). 6 Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelist,andintheNetworkConnection section,selectCustomandchooseVMnet2fromthedropdownmenu.
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Complete Configuring the Virtual Network Adapters

TocompletetheconfigurationyoumustassignanIPaddressontheappropriateVMnet subnettoeachvirtualnetworkadapterasyouwouldforphysicaladaptersona physicalcomputer. To complete configuring the virtual network adapters 1 Poweronthevirtualmachineandinstallyourguestoperatingsystem. Inconfigurations1and2,youseeonenetworkadapter.Inconfiguration3,yousee twonetworkadapterswithintheguest. 2 3 AssignIPaddressestothevirtualnetworkadapters. (Optional)ToseetheIPaddressthatahostonlynetworkisusing:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrunthefollowing command:
ipconfig /all
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrunthefollowingcommand:
ifconfig
Set Up Routing Between Two Host-Only Networks

Ifyouaresettingupacomplextestnetworkthatusesvirtualmachines,youmightwant tohavetwoindependenthostonlynetworkswitharouterbetweenthem. Useoneofthefollowingmethods.Inbothcases,youneedtwohostonlyinterfaces:

Theroutersoftwarerunsonthehostcomputer. Theroutersoftwarerunsonitsownvirtualmachine.
Theexamplesdescribedhereoutlinethesimplestcase,withonevirtualmachineon eachofthehostonlynetworks.Formorecomplexconfigurations,youcanaddmore virtualmachinesandhostonlynetworks,asappropriate. To set up routing between two host-only networks 1 2 Setuptheconnectiontothefirst(default)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedinSet UpUsingConfiguration1or2onpage 313. Setuptheconnectiontothesecond(VMnet2)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedin SetUpUsingConfiguration1or2onpage 313.
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(Optional)Toruntheroutersoftwareonavirtualmachine,setupathirdvirtual machinewithconnectionstothetwohostonlyinterfaces,asdescribedinSetUp UsingConfiguration3onpage 313. Toruntheroutersoftwareonyourhostcomputer,skipthisstep.
StoptheVMnetDHCPserverservice:
OnaWindowshost,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor>DHCP,selectthe serviceandclickStop. OnaLinuxhost,openaterminalandusethefollowingcommandtostopthe vmnet-dhcpdservice:

killall -TERM vmnet-dhcpd
5 6 7
Installguestoperatingsystemsineachofthevirtualmachines. Installtheroutersoftware,eitheronthehostcomputerorinthethirdvirtual machine,dependingontheapproachyouareusing. Configurenetworkinginthefirsttwovirtualmachinestouseaddressesonthe appropriatehostonlynetwork:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandruntheipconfig /all commandtodeterminewhichIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandruntheifconfigcommandto determinewhichIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing.
AssignIPaddressesbydoingoneofthefollowing:
Ifyouarerunningtherouteronthehostcomputer,assigndefaultrouter addressesbasedontheaddressesofthehostonlyadaptersonthehost computer. Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouter addressshouldbetheIPaddressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedto VMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,the defaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthehostonlyadapter connectedtoVMnet2.
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Ifyouarerunningtheroutersoftwareinathirdvirtualmachine,setthe defaultrouteraddressesinthefirsttwovirtualmachinesbasedonthe addressesthatthethirdvirtualmachineuses. Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouter addressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethirdvirtualmachinesnetwork adapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworking configuration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethird virtualmachinesnetworkadapterconnectedtoVMnet2.
Youcannowpingtheroutermachinefromvirtualmachines1and2.Iftherouter softwareissetupcorrectly,youcancommunicatebetweenthefirstandsecond virtualmachines.
Using Virtual Network Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host

Workstationdoesnotallowthevirtualnetworkadaptertogointopromiscuousmode unlesstheuserrunningWorkstationhaspermissiontomakethatsetting.This restrictionfollowsthestandardLinuxpracticethatonlytherootusercanputanetwork interfaceintopromiscuousmode. WhenyouinstallandconfigureWorkstation,youmustruntheinstallationastheroot user.Workstationcreatesthevmnetdeviceswithrootownershipandrootgroup ownership,whichmeansthatonlytherootuserhasreadandwritepermissionstothe devices. Tosetthevirtualmachinesnetworkadaptertopromiscuousmode,youmustlaunch Workstationastherootuserbecauseyoumusthavereadandwriteaccesstothevmnet device.Forexample,ifyouareusingbridgednetworking,youmusthaveaccessto /dev/vmnet0. Tograntselectedotherusersreadandwriteaccesstothevmnetdevice,youcancreate anewgroup,addtheappropriateuserstothegroup,andgrantthatgroupreadand writeaccesstotheappropriatedevice.Youmustmakethesechangesonthehost operatingsystemastherootuser(su -).Forexample,youcanenterthefollowing commands:
chgrp <newgroup> /dev/vmnet0 chmod g+rw /dev/vmnet0
Here<newgroup>isthegroupthatshouldbeabletosetvmnet0topromiscuousmode.
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Foralluserstobeabletosetthevirtualnetworkadapter(/dev/vmnet0intheexample) topromiscuousmode,runthefollowingcommandonthehostoperatingsystemasthe rootuser:

chmod a+rw /dev/vmnet0
Using NAT
NATprovidesawayforvirtualmachinestousemostclientapplicationsoveralmost anytypeofnetworkconnectionavailabletothehost.Theonlyrequirementisthatthe networkconnectionmustsupportTCP/IP. NATisusefulwhenyouhavealimitedsupplyofIPaddressesorareconnectedtothe networkthroughanonEthernetnetworkadapter.NATworksbytranslatingaddresses ofvirtualmachinesinaprivateVMnetnetworktotheaddressofthehostmachine. Whenavirtualmachinesendsarequesttoaccessanetworkresource,itappearstothe networkresourceasiftherequestiscomingfromthehostmachine. ThehostcomputerhasahostvirtualadapterontheNATnetworkidenticaltothehost virtualadapteronthehostonlynetwork.Thisadapterallowsthehostandthevirtual machinestocommunicatewitheachotherforsuchpurposesasfilesharing.TheNAT deviceneverforwardstrafficfromthehostvirtualadapter.
How the NAT Device Uses the VMnet8 Virtual Switch

TheNATdeviceisconnectedtotheVMnet8virtualswitch.Virtualmachinesconnected totheNATnetworkalsousetheVMnet8virtualswitch. TheNATdevicewaitsforpacketscomingfromvirtualmachinesontheVMnet8virtual network.Whenapacketarrives,theNATdevicetranslatestheaddressofthevirtual machinetotheaddressofthehostbeforeforwardingthepackettotheexternal network.Whendataarrivesfromtheexternalnetworkforthevirtualmachineonthe privatenetwork,theNATdevicereceivesthedata,replacesthenetworkaddresswith theaddressofthevirtualmachineandforwardsthedatatothevirtualmachineonthe virtualnetwork.Thistranslationoccursautomaticallyandrequiresminimal configurationontheguestandthehost.
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DHCP on the NAT Network

Tomakenetworkingconfigurationeasy,aDHCPserverisinstalledwhenyouinstall Workstation.VirtualmachinesrunningonthenetworkwiththeNATdevicecansend outDHCPrequeststodynamicallyobtaintheirIPaddresses. TheDHCPserverontheNATnetwork,whichisalsousedinhostonlynetworking configurations,dynamicallyallocatesIPaddressesintherangeof<net>.128through <net>.254,where<net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourNATnetwork. WorkstationalwaysusesaClassCaddressforNATnetworks.IPaddresses<net>.3 through<net>.127canbeusedforstaticIPaddresses.IPaddress<net>.1isreserved forthehostadapterand<net>.2isreservedfortheNATdevice.Formoreinformation, seeDHCPConventionsforAssigningIPAddressesonpage 305. InadditiontotheIPaddress,theDHCPserverontheNATnetworksendsout configurationinformationthatenablesthevirtualmachinetooperate.Thisinformation includesthedefaultgatewayandtheDNSserver.IntheDHCPresponse,theNAT deviceinstructsthevirtualmachinetousetheIPaddress<net>.2asthedefault gatewayandDNSserver.ThisroutingcausesallIPpacketsdestinedfortheexternal networkandDNSrequeststobeforwardedtotheNATdevice.
DNS on the NAT Network

TheNATdeviceactsasaDNSserverforthevirtualmachinesontheNATnetwork. The NATdeviceisaDNSproxyandforwardsDNSrequestsfromthevirtualmachines toaDNSserverthatthehostknows.ResponsesreturntotheNATdevice,whichthen forwardsthemtothevirtualmachines. IftheygettheirconfigurationinformationfromDHCP,thevirtualmachinesonthe NATnetworkautomaticallyusetheNATdeviceastheDNSserver.However,the virtualmachinescanbestaticallyconfiguredtouseanotherDNSserver. ThevirtualmachinesintheprivateNATnetworkarenotaccessiblethroughDNS.To havethevirtualmachinesrunningontheNATnetworkaccesseachotherbyDNS names,youmustsetupaprivateDNSserverconnectedtotheNATnetwork.
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External Access from the NAT Network

AvirtualmachineontheNATnetworkcanuseanyprotocolusingTCPorUDPaslong asthevirtualmachineinitiatesthenetworkconnection.Thisistrueformostclient applicationssuchasWebbrowsing,Telnet,passivemodeFTP,anddownloading streamingvideo.AdditionalprotocolsupportisbuiltintotheNATdevicetoallowFTP andICMPecho(ping)toworktransparentlythroughtheNAT. Ontheexternalnetworktowhichthehostisconnected,anyvirtualmachineonthe NATnetworkappearstobethehostitself,becauseitsnetworktrafficusesthehosts IP address.ThevirtualmachinecansendandreceivedatausingTCP/IPtoanymachine thatisaccessiblefromthehost. Beforeanycommunicationcanoccur,theNATdevicemustsetupamapbetweenthe virtualmachinesaddressontheprivateNATnetworkandthehostsnetworkaddress ontheexternalnetwork. Whenavirtualmachineinitiatesanetworkconnectionwithanothernetworkresource, thismapiscreatedautomatically.Theoperationistransparenttotheuserofthevirtual machineontheNATnetwork.Noadditionalworkneedstobedone. NetworkconnectionsthatareinitiatedfromoutsidetheNATnetworktoavirtual machineontheNATnetworkarenottransparent.Whenamachineontheexternal networkattemptstoinitiateaconnectionwithavirtualmachineontheNATnetwork, itcannotreachthevirtualmachinebecausetheNATdevicedoesnotforwardthe request. However,youcanconfigureportforwardingmanuallyontheNATdevicesothat networktrafficdestinedforacertainportcanstillbeforwardedautomaticallytoa virtualmachineontheNATnetwork.SeeAdvancedNATConfigurationonpage 320. FilesharingofthetypeusedbyWindowsoperatingsystemsandSambaispossible amongcomputersontheNATnetwork,includingvirtualmachinesandthehost computer.IfyouareusingWINSserversonyournetwork,avirtualmachineusing NATnetworkingcanaccesssharedfilesandfoldersonthehostthattheWINSserver knowsifthosesharedfilesandfoldersareinthesameworkgroupordomain.
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Advanced NAT Configuration

YoucanconfigureNATtomakecustomconfigurationsettingsforWindowsandLinux.
Configure NAT on a Windows Host

UsethevirtualnetworksettingstoconfigureNATonaWindowshost.ToedittheNAT configurationfile,seeCustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHoston page 320. To configure NAT on a Windows host 1 2 ChooseEdit>VirtualNetworkEditor. UsethecontrolsintheNATSettingsmenutoconfigureNAT:

TostopandstartthevirtualNATdevice,clicktheappropriatebuttons. ToeditNATsettingsforavirtualnetwork,choosetheVMnetnetworkfrom thedropdownmenuandclickEdit.
3 4
ClickDNSSettingstosetuporchangeportforwardingortospecifyDNSservers thatthevirtualNATdeviceshoulduse. ClickOK.
Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host

IfyouareanadvanceduseronaWindowshostcomputer,youcanedittheNATand DHCPconfigurationfilestomakecustomconfigurationsettings.Ifyourhostoperating systemisinstalledontheCdrive,theconfigurationfilesforNATandDHCPareinthe followinglocations: Table 15-3. NAT and DHCP File Locations
File Type NAT Location OnWindowsXP:C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf OnWindowsVistaandWindows7: C:\ProgramData\VMware\vmnetnat.conf Formoreinformationaboutthisfile,seeContentsoftheNAT ConfigurationFileonpage 322. DHCP OnWindowsXP:C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetdhcp.conf OnWindowsVistaandWindows7: C:\ProgramData\VMware\\vmnetdhcp.conf
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Usethevirtualnetworkeditor(Edit>VirtualNetworkEditor)tochangemanykey NATandDCHPsettings. Ifyoumakemanualchangestotheconfigurationfiles,thosechangesmightbelost whenyouusethevirtualnetworkeditor.Makebackupcopiesofthefilesbeforeyou changeanysettingsinthevirtualnetworkeditor.Youcanthencopyyourmanual changesbackintotheappropriateconfigurationfiles.
Specifying Connections from Ports Below 1024

WhenaclientmachinemakesaTCPorUDPconnectiontoaserver,theconnection comesfromaparticularportontheclient(thesourceport)andconnectstoaparticular portontheserver(thedestinationport).Forsecurityreasons,someserversaccept connectionsonlyfromsourceportsbelow1024.Youmightseethisconfigurationon machinesusedasNFSfileservers,forexample. IfavirtualmachineusingNATattemptstoconnecttoaserverthatrequirestheclient touseasourceportbelow1024,theNATdevicemustforwardtherequestfromaport below1024.Youcanspecifythisbehaviorinthevmnetnat.conffile. Thisbehavioriscontrolledbyentriesinsectionsheaded[privilegedUDP]and [privilegedTCP].Youmightneedtoaddsettingstoormodifysettingsineitheror bothofthesesections,dependingonthekindofconnectionyouneedtomake. Youcansettwoparameters,eachofwhichappearsonaseparateline. Table 15-4. Parameters to Map Virtual Machine Source and Destination Ports
Parameter autodetect = <n> Description TheautodetectsettingdetermineswhethertheVMwareNATdevice automaticallyattemptstomapvirtualmachinesourceportsbelow 1024toNATsourceportsbelow1024.Asettingof1meanstrue.A settingof0meansfalse.OnaWindowshost,thedefaultis1(true). OnaLinuxhost,thedefaultis0(false). Theportsettingspecifiesadestinationport(where<n>istheporton theserverthatacceptstheconnectionfromtheclient).Whenevera virtualmachineconnectstothespecifiedportonanyserver,theNAT deviceattemptstomaketheconnectionfromasourceportbelow 1024.Youcanincludeoneormoreportsettingsinthe [privilegedUDP]or[privilegedTCP]sectionorinbothsections, asrequiredfortheconnectionsyouneedtomake.Entereachport settingonaseparateline.
port = <n>
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Configuring NAT on a Linux Host

UsethedefaultNATconfigurationfileonthehosttoconfiguretheNATdevice. This fileislocatedin/etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf. ForanexampleofaNATconfigurationfile,seeSampleLinuxnat.confFileon page 327.
Contents of the NAT Configuration File

TheNATconfigurationfileisinthefollowinglocations:
OnaWindowshost:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf
Ifyoueditthisfileandthenusethevirtualnetworkeditor(Edit>VirtualNetwork Editor)youreditsmightbelost.
OnaLinuxhost:
/etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf
TheNATconfigurationfileisdividedintosections.Eachsectionconfiguresapartofthe NATdevice.Textsurroundedbysquarebrackets,suchas[dns],marksthebeginning ofasection.Ineachsectionisaconfigurationparameterthatcanbeset. The configurationparameterstaketheformip = 192.168.27.1/24.TheNAT configurationfilecontainsthefollowingsections. The [host] Section The[host]sectionincludesparameterstoconfiguretheNATconnection.
ipTheIPaddressthattheNATdeviceshoulduse.Itcanbefollowedbyaslash andthenumberofbitsinthesubnet. netmaskThesubnetmasktousefortheNATnetwork.DHCPaddressesare allocatedfromthisrangeofaddresses. configportAportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatusinformationabouttheNAT device. deviceTheVMnetdevicetouse.Windowsdevicesareoftheformvmnet<x> where<x>isthenumberoftheVMnet.Linuxdevicesareoftheform /dev/vmnet<x>. activeFTPFlagtoindicateifactiveFTPistobeallowed.ActiveFTPallows incomingconnectionstobeopenedbytheremoteFTPserver.Turningthisoff meansthatonlypassivemodeFTPworks.Setthisflagto0toturnitoff.
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The [udp] Section timeoutNumberofsecondstokeeptheUDPmappingfortheNATnetwork. The [dns] Section The[dns]sectionisforWindowshostsonly.Linuxdoesnotusethissection.
policyPolicytouseforDNSforwarding.Acceptedvaluesinclude:

orderSendoneDNSrequestatatimeintheorderofthenameservers. rotateSendoneDNSrequestatatimeandrotatethroughtheDNSservers. burstSendtothreeserversandwaitforthefirstonetorespond.
timeoutTimeinsecondsbeforeretryingaDNSrequest. retriesNumberofretriesbeforetheNATdevicestopstryingtorespondtoa DNSrequest. autodetectFlagtoindicatewhethertheNATdeviceshoulddetecttheDNS serversavailabletothehost. nameserver1IPaddressofaDNSservertouse. nameserver2IPaddressofaDNSservertouse. nameserver3IPaddressofaDNSservertouse. Ifautodetectisonandsomenameserversarespecified,theDNSserversspecified innameserver1,nameserver2,andnameserver3areaddedbeforethelistof detectedDNSservers.
The [netbios] Section The[netbios]sectionappliestoWindowshostsonly.Linuxdoesnotusethissection.

nbnsTimeout = 2Timeout,inseconds,forNBNSqueries. nbnsRetries = 3NumberofretriesforeachNBNSquery. nbdsTimeout = 3Timeout,inseconds,forNBDSqueries.
The [incomingtcp] Section Usethe[incomingtcp]sectiontoconfigureTCPportforwardingforNAT.Inthis section,youcanassignaportnumbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtual machine.
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Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection:
8887 = 192.168.27.128:21
Thisexamplecreatesamapfromport8887onthehosttotheIPaddress192.168.27.128 andport21.Whenthismapissetandanexternalmachineconnectstothehostatport 8887,thenetworkpacketsareforwardedtoport21(thestandardportforFTP)onthe virtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128. The [incomingudp] Section Usethe[incomingudp]sectiontoconfigureUDPportforwardingforNAT.Inthis section,youcanassignaportnumbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtual machine. Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection.Itillustratesawaytoforward Xservertrafficfromthehostport6000tothevirtualmachinesport6001:
6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
Thisexamplecreatesamapfromport6000onthehosttotheIPaddress192.168.27.128 andport6001.Whenthismapissetandanexternalmachineconnectstothehostatport 6000,thenetworkpacketsareforwardedtoport6001onthevirtualmachinewith IP address192.168.27.128.
Considerations for Using NAT

ConsiderthefollowingitemswhenyouuseNAT:
NATcausessomeperformanceloss. BecauseNATrequiresthateverypacketsenttoandreceivedfromavirtual machinemustbeintheNATnetwork,anunavoidableperformancepenalty occurs.
NATisnotperfectlytransparent. NATdoesnotusuallyallowconnectionstobeinitiatedfromoutsidethenetwork, althoughyoucanmanuallyconfiguretheNATdevicetosetupserverconnections. ThepracticalresultisthatsomeTCPandUDPprotocolsthatrequireaconnection beinitiatedfromtheservermachine,somepeertopeerapplications,forexample, donotworkautomatically,andsomemightnotworkatall.
NATprovidessomefirewallprotection. AstandardNATconfigurationprovidesbasiclevelfirewallprotectionbecausethe NATdevicecaninitiateconnectionsfromtheprivateNATnetwork,butdeviceson theexternalnetworkusuallycannotinitiateconnectionstotheprivateNAT network.
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Using NAT with NetLogon

WhenyouuseNATnetworkinginavirtualmachinewithaWindowsguestoperating systemrunningonaWindowshost,youcanuseNetLogontologintoaWindows domainfromthevirtualmachine.YoucanthenaccessfilesharesthattheWINSserver knows. TouseNetLogon,youneedtoknowhowWINSserversandWindowsdomain controllerswork.Thissectionexplainshowtosetupthevirtualmachinetouse NetLogon.Thesetupprocessissimilartothewayyousetupaphysicalcomputeron oneLANthatisusingadomaincontrolleronanotherLAN. TologintoaWindowsdomainoutsidethevirtualNATnetwork,thevirtualmachine needsaccesstoaWINSserverforthatdomain.Youcanconnectthevirtualmachineto aWINSserverinthefollowingways:
ConnecttotheWINSserverthattheDHCPserverusedontheNATnetwork provides,iftheWINSserverisalreadysetuponthehost. ManuallyentertheIPaddressoftheWINSservertoconnectfromthevirtual machinetoaWINSservernotsetuponthehost.
Use NAT to Connect to an Existing WINS Server Set Up on the Host

TouseNATtoconnect,aWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainmustbeset uponthehost.ThisprocedureappliestotheWindows 2000,XP,2003Server,NT,Me, and9xguestversions. DifferencesforWindowsVistaandWindows7,arenotedinthespecificsteps. To use NAT to connect to an existing WINS server set up on the host 1 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickMyNetworkPlacesandchooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,opentheNetworkandSharingCenterandclicktheView Statuslinkfortheconnectionthatusestheneededvirtualnetworkadapter. ForWindows7,opentheNetworkandSharingCenterandclickoneofthe LocalAreaConnectionlinksfortheconnectionthatusestheneededvirtual networkadapter.
IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand chooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,intheLocalAreaConnectionStatuswindow,click PropertiesandclickContinuewhenpromptedforpermission. ForWindows7,intheLocalAreaConnectionStatuswindow,clickProperties.
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3 4 5 6
InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IPv4)andclick Properties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. OntheWINStab,underNetBIOSsetting,selectDefault:UseNetBIOSsetting fromDHCPServer. ClickOKtwiceandclickClose.
Enter the IP Address of a WINS Server Manually

UsetheIPaddresstoconnecttoaWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainthat isnotalreadysetuponthehost. To enter the IP address of a WINS server manually 1 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickMyNetworkPlacesandchooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,opentheNetworkandSharingCenterandclicktheView Statuslinkfortheconnectionthatusestheneededvirtualnetworkadapter. ForWindows7,opentheNetworkandSharingCenterandclickoneofthe LocalAreaConnectionlinkfortheconnectionthatusestheneededvirtual networkadapter.
IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand chooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,intheLocalAreaConnectionStatuswindow,click PropertiesandclickContinuewhenpromptedforpermission. ForWindows7,intheLocalAreaConnectionStatuswindow,clickProperties.
3 4 5 6
InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IPv4)andclick Properties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. OntheWINStab,clickAdd. IntheTCP/IPWINSServerdialogbox,entertheIPaddressfortheWINSserverin theWINSserverfieldandclickAdd. TheIPaddressoftheWINSserverappearsintheWINSaddresseslistontheWINS tab.
RepeatStep 5andStep 6foreachWINSservertowhichyouwanttoconnectfrom thisvirtualmachine.
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ClickOKtwiceandclickClose. NowthatthevirtualmachinehasanIPaddressforaWINSserver,youcanuse NetLogoninthevirtualmachinetologintoadomainandaccesssharesinthat domain.However,youraccessislimitedtosharesofvirtualmachinesthatareon thesameNATnetworkorarebridgedonthesamedomain. Forexample,iftheWINSservercoversadomainwithadomaincontroller,youcan accessthatdomaincontrollerfromthevirtualmachineandaddthevirtual machinetothedomain.YouneedtheAdministratoruserIDandpasswordforthe domaincontroller.
Sample Linux nat.conf File

# Linux NAT configuration file [host] # NAT gateway address ip = 192.168.237.2/24 hostMAC = 00:50:56:C0:00:08 # enable configuration; disabled by default for security reasons #configport = 33445 # vmnet device if not specified on command line device = vmnet8 # Allow PORT/EPRT FTP commands (they need incoming TCP stream...) activeFTP = 1 # Allows the source to have any OUI. Turn this one if you change the OUI # in the MAC address of your virtual machines. #allowAnyOUI = 1 [udp] # Timeout in seconds, 0 = no timeout, default = 60; real value might # be up to 100% longer timeout = 30 [dns] # This section applies only to Windows. # # Policy to use for DNS forwarding. Accepted values include order, # rotate, burst. #
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# order: send one DNS request at a time in order of the name servers # rotate: send one DNS request at a time, rotate through the DNS servers # burst: send to three servers and wait for the first one to respond policy = order; # Timeout in seconds before retrying DNS request. timeout = 2 # Retries before giving up on DNS request retries = 3 # Automatically detect the DNS servers (not supported in Windows NT) autodetect = 1 # List of DNS servers to use. Up to three may be specified #nameserver1 = 208.23.14.2 #nameserver2 = 63.93.12.3 #nameserver3 = 208.23.14.4 [netbios] # This section applies only to Windows. # Timeout for NBNS queries. nbnsTimeout = 2 # Number of retries for each NBNS query. nbnsRetries = 3 # Timeout for NBDS queries. nbdsTimeout = 3 [incomingtcp] # Use these with care - anyone can enter into your virtual machine through # these... # FTP (both active and passive FTP is always enabled) # ftp localhost 8887 #8887 = 192.168.27.128:21 # WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to # your host, not to guest... And if you are forwarding port other # than 80 make sure that your server copes with mismatched port # number in Host: header) # lynx http://localhost:8888 #8888 = 192.168.27.128:80 # SSH # ssh -p 8889 root@localhost #8889 = 192.168.27.128:22
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[incomingudp] # UDP port forwarding example #6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
Using Samba with Workstation

IfyouhaveSambaonyourLinuxhost,youcanconfigureSambasothatitworkswith Workstation. ModifyyourSambaconfigurationsothatitincludestheIPsubnetthatthevmnet1 Workstationvirtualnetworkadapteruses.Todeterminewhichsubnetvmnet1isusing, runthefollowingcommand:
/sbin/ifconfig vmnet1
MakesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtualmachine whowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.TheusernamesandpasswordsintheSamba passwordfilemustmatchthoseusedforloggingontotheguestoperatingsystem.
Add Users to the Samba Password File

YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheSambapasswordfileatanytimefroma terminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer. To add users to the Samba password file 1 Logintotherootaccount:
su
RuntheSambapasswordcommand:
smbpasswd -a <username>
Here<username>istheusernametoadd. 3 4 Followtheinstructionsonthescreen. Logoutoftherootaccount:

exit
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Using a Samba Server for Bridged and Host-Only Networks

TouseyourSambaserverforhostonlyandbridgednetworking,youmustmodifyone parameterinthesmb.conffile.Youcandefinetheinterfaceparametersothatyour Sambaserverservesmultipleinterfaces.Anexampleofthisisthefollowing:
interface = eth0 vmnet1
ThisexampletellstheSambaservertomonitoranduseboththeeth0andvmnet1 interfaces,whicharetheinterfacesthatbridgedandhostonlynetworkinguse, respectively.
Use Samba Without Network Access

TomakeSambainaccessiblefromyourphysicalnetworkinterface,youmustconfigure theconfigurationfile. To use Samba without network access 1 Opentheconfigurationfile:
/etc/samba/smb.conf
Addthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfileandsavethechanges.
interfaces = vmnet*
RestartSamba.
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Connecting Devices
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Thischapterdescribeshowtousevariousdeviceswithavirtualmachine. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

UsingParallelPortsonpage 331 UsingSerialPortsonpage 335 ConfiguringKeyboardFeaturesonpage 339 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 351 UseSmartCardswithVirtualMachinesonpage 358 SupportforGenericSCSIDevicesonpage 361 UseEightWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 366
Using Parallel Ports

Parallelportsareusedbyavarietyofdevices,includingprinters,scanners,dongles, anddiskdrives.Althoughthesedevicescanconnecttothehostwithoutproblems,only printerscanreliablyconnecttovirtualmachinesbyusingparallelports. Currently,WorkstationprovidesonlypartialemulationofPS/2hardware.Interrupts thatadeviceconnectedtothephysicalportrequestsarenotpassedtothevirtual machine.TheguestoperatingsystemcannotuseDMA(directmemoryaccess)tomove datatoorfromtheport.Forthisreason,notalldevicesthatattachtotheparallelport areguaranteedtoworkcorrectly.Donotuseparallelportstoragedevicesinavirtual machine.
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Add a Virtual Parallel Port to a Virtual Machine

Ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithaparallelport,mostguestoperatingsystems detecttheportatinstallationtimeandinstalltherequireddrivers.Someoperating systems,includingLinux,WindowsNT,andWindows2000,automaticallydetectthe portsatboottime.Others,likeWindows95andWindows98,donot. To add a virtual parallel port to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. IntheNewHardwarewizard,selectParallelPortandclickNext. Specifywhichoptiontousefortheparallelport:
IfyouselectUsephysicalparallelport,clickNextandchoosetheportfrom thedropdownmenu. IfyouselectOutputfile,clickNextandenterthepathandfilenameorbrowse tothelocationofthefile.
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UnderDevicestatus,ifyoudonotwanttheparallelporttoconnectatpoweron, deselectthecheckbox. ClickFinish. IftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows95orWindows98,runtheguest operatingsystemsAddNewHardwarewizardtoletWindowsdetectthenew device. Todisplaythiswizard,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>AddNew Hardware.
Troubleshoot ECR Errors for Parallel Ports

Whenyoupoweronthevirtualmachineafteraddingaparallelport,youmightseean errormessagestatingthattheparallelportonthehostdoesnothaveanExtended ControlRegister(ECR).Ifso,itispossiblethehardwaresupportsECRbutithasbeen disabledintheBIOS.
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Chapter 16 Connecting Devices
To troubleshoot ECR errors for parallel ports 1 2 3 Rebootthehost. Earlyinthebootprocess,pressandholddowntheDeletekeytoenterthehost computersBIOSconfigurationeditor. FindtheparallelportfieldandenableExtendedCapabilityPort(ECP)modeora combinationofmodesthatincludesECP. MostmoderncomputerssupportECPmode.
Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host

Foraparallelporttoworkproperlyinaguest,itmustfirstbeconfiguredproperlyon thehost.Mostproblemswithparallelportsarecausedbymistakesinthehost configuration. Linuxkernelsinthe2.6.xseriesuseaspecialarbitratorforaccesstotheparallelport hardware.Ifthehostisusingtheparallelport,thevirtualmachinecannotuseit.Ifa virtualmachineisusingtheparallelport,thehostandanyusersaccessingthehostare deniedaccesstothedevice.YoumustusetheVM>RemovableDevicesmenuto disconnecttheparallelportfromthevirtualmachinetoaccessthedevicefromthehost.
Configure Parallel Ports for Linux 2.6.x Kernels

The2.6.xkernelsthatsupportparallelportsusethemodprobe <modulename>and modprobe parport_pcmodules.WorkstationrequiresthattheparallelportPCstyle hardwareoption(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernelmodule. Thatis,itmustbesettom. To configure parallel ports for Linux 2.6.x kernels 1 Todeterminewhetherthemodprobe <modulename>and modprobe parport_pc modulesareinstalledandloadedonyoursystem,runthelsmodcommandasthe rootuser. Youcanalsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthelist. With2.6.x,loadingparport_pcdoesnotloadallmodules. 2 Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethefollowingcommand:
modprobe parport_pc && modprobe ppdev
Thiscommandinsertsthemodulesneededforaparallelport. Ifproblemspersist,thelpmodulemightbeloaded.Ifitis,thevirtualmachine cannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.

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Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthefollowingcommandasroottoremoveit:
rmmod lp
Toverifythatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe/etc/modules.confor /etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedout,insertapoundsign(#)at thebeginningoftheline. ThenameoftheconfigurationfiledependsontheLinuxdistributionyouare using.Whenyourebootthehostafterremovingthisline,theconfigurationfileno longerstartsthelpmodule.
Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thefollowinglinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
Configure Device Permissions for Parallel Ports

SomeLinuxdistributionsbydefaultdonotgrantthevirtualmachineaccesstothelp andparportdevices.YoumustaddtheVMwareusertothegroupthathaspermission toaccessthesedevices. To configure device permissions for parallel ports 1 Runthefollowingcommandtodeterminetheownerandgroupforthedevice:
ls la /dev/parport0
Thethirdandfourthcolumnsoftheoutputshowtheownerandgroup, respectively.Inmostcases,theownerofthedeviceisrootandtheassociated groupislp. 2 3 Toaddtheusertothedevicegroup,becometherootuserandopenthe /etc/groupfilewithatexteditor. Onthelinestartingwithlp,whichdefinesthelpgroup,addtheWorkstation usersusername. Thefollowinglineprovidesanexampleforauserwhoseusernameisuserj.

lp::7:daemon,lp,userj
Thenexttimetheuserlogsontothehost,thechangestakeeffect.
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Using Serial Ports

AWorkstationvirtualmachinecanuseuptofourvirtualserialports.Thevirtualserial portscanbeconfiguredinseveralways:

Connectavirtualserialporttoaphysicalserialportonthehostcomputer. Connectavirtualserialporttoafileonthehostcomputer. Makeadirectconnectionbetweentwovirtualmachinesorbetweenavirtual machineandanapplicationrunningonthehostcomputer.
Foreachofthesechoices,youcanalsoselectwhethertoconnectthevirtualserialport whenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine. NOTEThevirtualprinterfeatureautomaticallyconfiguresaserialporttomakehost printersavailabletotheguestwithoutinstallingadditionaldriversinthevirtual machine.SeeUseHostPrintersinaVirtualMachineonpage 179.
Add a Virtual Serial Port to a Virtual Machine

Usevirtualserialportstomakedevicessuchasmodemsandprintersavailableto virtualmachinesortosenddebuggingdatafromavirtualmachinetothehostorto anothervirtualmachine. Youcanusevirtualserialportstosenddatatothefollowing:
PhysicalserialportEnablesyoutouseadevicesuchasanexternalmodemor handhelddeviceinavirtualmachine.Workstationcreatesavirtualserialport automaticallywhenyouenablethevirtualprinterfeature. OutputfileonthehostCapturesthedatathataprogramrunninginthevirtual machinesendstothevirtualserialport. AnapplicationonthehostEnablesyoutouseanapplicationonthehostto capturedebugginginformationsentfromthevirtualmachinesserialport. AnothervirtualmachineEnablesyoutouseanapplicationinonevirtual machine(theclient)tocapturedebugginginformationsentfromtheother (the server)virtualmachinesserialport.
To add a virtual serial port to a virtual machine 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
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3 4 5 6
ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd. IntheAddHardwarewizard,selectSerialPortandclickNext. OntheSerialPortTypepage,dooneofthefollowing:
Forphysicaldevicessuchasmodems,selectUsephysicalserialportonthe host,clickNext,andchoosetheportonthehostcomputerthatyouwantto useforthisserialconnection. Tocapturedatafromanapplicationinanoutputfile,selectOutputfile,click Next,andenterthepathandfilenameorbrowsetothelocationofthefileon thehost. Toconnecttoadebuggingapplicationonthehostorinanothervirtual machine,selectOutputtoNamedPipeandclickNext.
IfyouselectedOutputtoNamedPipe,dooneofthefollowing:
ForaWindowshost,ontheSpecifyNamedPipepage,specifythepipename. Thepipenamemustfollowtheform\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>.Thatis,itmust beginwith\\.\pipe\.
ForaLinuxhost,inthePathfield,enter/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX socketname.
AlsoifyouselectedOutputtoNamedPipe,dooneofthefollowing:
Tosenddebugginginformationtoanapplicationonthehost: i Inthefirstdropdownmenu,selectThisendistheserverorThisendis theclient. SelectThisendistheservertostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst. ii Intheseconddropdownmenu,selectTheotherendisanapplication.
Tosenddebugginginformationtoanothervirtualmachine: i ii Inthefirstdropdownmenu,selectThisendistheserver. Intheseconddropdownmenu,selectTheotherendisavirtual machine.
MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired.
10 ClickFinish.
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(Optional)OntheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,toconfigure thisserialporttousepolledmode,selectYieldCPUonpoll. Thisoptionisofinteresttodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat communicateoveraserialconnection.Iftheserialportintheguestisbeingused inpolledmoderatherthaninterruptmode,youmightnoticeperformanceissues. Thisoptionforcesthevirtualmachinetoyieldprocessortimeiftheonlytaskitis tryingtodoispollthevirtualserialport.
Ifyouaresettingupaconnectionbetweentwovirtualmachines,younowhavethefirst virtualmachinesetupastheserver.Repeatthisprocedureforthesecondvirtual machine,butsetitupastheclientbyselectingThisendistheclientwhenconfiguring thenamedpipe.
Change the Input Speed of the Serial Connection

Youcanincreasethespeedofaserialconnectionoverapipetoavirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,usetheguestoperatingsystemtoconfiguretheserialportforthe highestsettingsupportedbytheapplicationyouarerunninginthevirtualmachine. Inprinciple,theoutputspeed,whichisthespeedatwhichthevirtualmachinesends datathroughthevirtualserialport,isunlimited.Inpractice,theoutputspeeddepends onhowfasttheapplicationattheotherendofthepipereadsinbounddata. To change the input speed of the serial connection 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Useatexteditortoaddthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachinesconfiguration (.vmx)file:
serial<n>.pipe.charTimePercent = "<x>"
<n>isthenumberoftheserialport,startingfrom0.Thefirstserialportisserial0. The<x>valueisapositiveintegerthatspecifiesthetimetakentotransmita character,expressedasapercentageofthedefaultspeedsetfortheserialportin theguest.Forexample,asettingof200forcestheporttotaketwiceaslongforeach character,orsenddataathalfthedefaultspeed.Asettingof50forcestheportto takeonlyhalfaslongforeachcharacter,orsenddataattwicethedefaultspeed. Assumingthattheserialportspeedissetappropriatelyintheguestoperating system,experimentwiththissetting.Startwithavalueof100andgradually decreaseituntilyoufindthehighestspeedatwhichyourconnectionworks reliably.
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Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port

Usingvirtualmachines,youcandebugkernelcodeononesystemwithouttheneedfor twophysicalcomputers,amodem,oraserialcable.YoucanuseDebuggingToolsfor Windows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger(KD)todebugkernelcodeinavirtualmachine overavirtualserialport. YoucanDownloadDebuggingToolsforWindowsfromtheWindowsHardware DeveloperCentral(WHDC)Website.
Debug an Application in a Virtual Machine from a Windows Host

Inthisconfiguration,youhavekernelcodetodebuginavirtualmachine(calledthe targetvirtualmachine)andarerunningDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)or KernelDebugger(KD)onaWindowshost. Beforeyoubegin,onthehost,makesureyouhavearecentversionofDebuggingTools forWindows,whichsupportsdebuggingoverapipe.Youneedversion 5.0.18.0or higher. To debug an application in a virtual machine from a Windows host 1 PreparethetargetvirtualmachineasdescribedinAddaVirtualSerialPorttoa VirtualMachineonpage 335. MakesureyouselectThisendistheserverwhenconfiguringthenamedpipe. 2 3 Poweronthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>RemovableDevicesmenutomakesuretheserialportisconnected. IfSerial<n>isnotreportedas\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,choosethevirtualserial portandclickConnect. 4 Onthehost,openacommandpromptwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
<debugger> -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe <debugger> is WinDbg or KD.
PressEntertostartdebugging.
Debug an Application in a Virtual Machine from Another Virtual Machine

ThisconfigurationisusefulifyouuseWorkstationonaLinuxhost.Inthissituation, youhavekernelcodetodebuginthetargetvirtualmachineandarerunning DebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger(KD)inthedebugger virtualmachineonthesamehost.
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Beforeyoubegin,downloadandinstallWinDbgorKDintheWindowsguestthatyou plantouseasthedebuggervirtualmachine. To debug an application from another virtual machine 1 2 3 PreparethevirtualmachinesasdescribedinAddaVirtualSerialPorttoaVirtual Machineonpage 335. Poweronbothvirtualmachines. UsetheVM>RemovableDevicesmenutomakesuretheserialportisconnected. Iftheserialportisnotconnected,choosethevirtualserialportandclickConnect. 4 Inthedebuggervirtualmachine,startdebuggingwithWinDbgorKD.
Configuring Keyboard Features

YoucanchangewhichkeycombinationsyouuseforhotkeysequencesinWorkstation andwhichlanguagetouseforthekeyboardthatvirtualnetworkcomputing(VNC) clientsuse.Inaddition,youcanconfigureplatformspecifickeyboardfeaturesfor WindowsandLinuxhosts.
Use the Enhanced Virtual Keyboard for Windows Hosts

Theenhancedvirtualkeyboardfeatureprovidesbetterhandlingofinternational keyboardsandkeyboardswithextrakeys.Italsoofferssecurityimprovementsbecause itprocessesrawkeyboardinputassoonaspossible,bypassingWindowskeystroke processingandanymalwarethatisnotalreadyatalowerlayer. Ifyouusetheenhancedvirtualkeyboard,whenyoupressCtrl+Alt+Delete,theguest systemonly,ratherthanbothguestandhost,actsonthecommand. Beforeyoubegin,ifyoujustinstalledorupgradedtoWorkstation7.xandhavenotyet restartedyourcomputer,doso. To use the enhanced virtual keyboard for Windows hosts 1 2 3 4 5 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. ClicktheOptionstab,andselectGeneral. Toenableordisablethesetting,selectordeselecttheUseenhancedvirtual keyboardcheckboxandclickOK.
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Hot Keys for Virtual Machines

Hotkeysletyouspecifythekeycombinationthatisusedwithhotkeysequencesfor virtualmachines.Forexample,youcanrequirethatallhotkeysequencesuse Ctrl+Shift+Alt. Configuringhotkeysisusefultopreventcertainkeycombinations(suchas Ctrl+Alt+Del)frombeinginterceptedbyWorkstationinsteadofbeingsenttotheguest operatingsystem.Usehotkeysequencesto:

Switchbetweenvirtualmachines Enterandleavefullscreenmode Release(ungrab)input SendCtrl+Alt+Deltothevirtualmachineonly(nottothehostmachine) Sendcommandstothevirtualmachineonly(nottothehostmachine)
Thedefaultsettingsforhotkeysarelistedinthepreferenceseditor(chooseEdit> Preferences>HotKeys).Usethepreferenceseditortochangethem.
Use Ctrl+Alt in a Key Combination

BecauseCtrl+AlttellsWorkstationtorelease(ungrab)mouseandkeyboardinput, combinationsthatincludeCtrl+Altarenotpassedtotheguestoperatingsystem.You mustusetheSpacekeyifthekeycombinationincludesCtrl+Alt. To use Ctrl+Alt in a key combination 1 2 3 PressCtrl+Alt+spacebar. ReleasethespacebarwithoutreleasingCtrlandAlt. Pressthethirdkeyofthekeycombinationyouwanttosendtotheguest.
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Specify a Language Keyboard Map for VNC Clients

IfyousetavirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver,youcanspecifywhichlanguageto useforthekeyboardthatVNCclientsuse.Bydefault,theUS101keyboardmap(U.S. English)isused. Beforeyoubegin,setthevirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver.SeeConfigurea VirtualMachineasaVNCServeronpage 227. Also,determinethelocationofthekeymapfiletouse.Defaultkeymapfilesare includedintheWorkstationinstallationdirectory:
OnWindowsXPhosts,thisdirectoryisinC:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vnckeymap. OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,thisdirectoryisin C:\ProgramData\VMware\vnckeymap. OnLinuxhosts,thisdirectoryisin/usr/lib/vmware/vnckeymap.
Ifthekeymapfileyouwanttouseisinanotherlocation,determinethepathtothefile. Alsodeterminethelanguagecode.Usethefollowinglist:

de:German de-ch:German(Switzerland) es:Spanish fi:Finnish fr:French fr-be:French(Belgium) fr-ch:French(Switzerland) is:Icelandic it:Italian jp:Japanese nl-be:Dutch(Belgium) no:Norwegian pt:Polish uk:UKEnglish us:USEnglish
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To specify a language keyboard map for VNC clients 1 Useatexteditortoopentheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthevirtualmachine andaddthefollowinglines,where<port number>istheportnumbertouse:

RemoteDisplay.vnc.enabled = "TRUE" RemoteDisplay.vnc.port = "<port number>"
Addoneofthefollowingpropertiestotheconfigurationfile,where<xx>isthe codeforthelanguagetouse,suchasjpforJapanese:
TousethedefaultkeymapfileincludedintheWorkstationinstallation directory,setthefollowingproperty:
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap = "<xx>"
Touseakeyboardmapfileinanotherlocation,setthefollowingpropertyto anabsolutefilepath:
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMapFile
YoucannowstartthevirtualmachineandconnecttoitfromaVNCclient.SeeUsea VNCClienttoConnecttoaVirtualMachineonpage 228.
Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host

Severalsituationsmightrequireyoutosetpropertiesinavirtualmachines configurationfile(.vmxfile)tochangethewayakeyismapped.
Configure Keyboard Mapping for a Remote X Server

SometimesthekeyboardworkscorrectlywithalocalXserverbutnotwhenyourunthe samevirtualmachinewitharemoteXserver.Youneedtosetadditionalpropertiesin theconfiguration(.vmx)file. Beforeyoubegin,verifythattheremoteXserverisanXFree86serverrunningonaPC. IfthekeyboarddoesnotworkcorrectlyonanXFree86serverrunninglocally,reportthe problemtoVMwaretechnicalsupport. ForlocalXservers,WorkstationmapsXkeycodestoPCscancodestocorrectlyidentify akey.WorkstationusesthiskeycodemaponlyforlocalXserversbecauseitcannottell whetheraremoteXserverisrunningonaPCoronsomeotherkindofcomputer.In thiscase,youcansetapropertytotellWorkstationtousekeycodemapping.Fora descriptionofkeycodemapping,seeX KeyCodesComparedtoKeysymson page 344.
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To configure keyboard mapping for a remote X server 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addoneofthefollowinglinestothe virtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config:
IfyouuseanXFree86basedserverthatWorkstationdoesnotrecognizeasan XFree86server,usethefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = "TRUE"
ThispropertytellsWorkstationtoalwaysusekeycodemappingregardlessof servertype.
IfWorkstationdoesrecognizetheremoteserverasanXFree86server,usethe followingproperty:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = "TRUE"
ThispropertytellsWorkstationtousekeycodemappingifyouareusingan XFree86server,evenifitisremote. 3 Saveandclosethefile.
Change How a Specific Key Is Mapped

Ifsomekeysonthekeyboarddonotworkcorrectlyinavirtualmachine,youcanseta propertythatmakesamodificationtothemap. Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks:
VerifythattheXserverisanXFree86serverrunningonaPC.IftheXserveris remote,configureittousekeycodemapping.SeeConfigureKeyboardMapping foraRemoteXServeronpage 342.Foradescriptionofkeycodemapping,see X KeyCodesComparedtoKeysymsonpage 344. DeterminetheXkeycodeandthecorrespondingvscancodeforthekey.Tofind theXkeycodeforakey,runxevorxmodmap -pk.Mostvscancodesarelistedin VScanCodeTableonpage 347.
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To change how a specific key is mapped 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addthefollowinglinetothevirtual machineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config:

xkeymap.keycode.<code> = "<v-scan_code>"
The<code>valuemustbeadecimalnumberand<v-scan_code>mustbea Csyntaxhexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001). Forexample,toswapleftCtrlandCapsLock,usethefollowinglines:

xkeymap.keycode.64 = "0x01d # X Caps_Lock -> VM left ctrl" xkeymap.keycode.37 = "0x03a # X Control_L -> VM caps lock"
X Key Codes Compared to Keysyms

PressingakeyonthePCkeyboardgeneratesaPCscancodebasedroughlyonthe positionofthekey.Forexample,theZkeyonaGermankeyboardgeneratesthesame codeastheYkeyonanEnglishkeyboardbecausetheyareinthesamepositiononthe keyboard.Mostkeyshaveonebytescancodes,butsomekeyshavetwobytescan codeswithprefix0xe0. Internally,WorkstationusesasimplifiedversionofthePCscancodethatisasingle ninebitnumericvalue,calledavscancode.Avscancodeiswrittenasathreedigit hexadecimalnumber.Thefirstdigitis0or1.Forexample,theCtrlkeyontheleftside ofthekeyboardhasaonebytescancode(0x1d).Itsvscancodeis0x01d.TheCtrlkey scancodeontherightsideofthekeyboardistwobytes(0xe0,0x1d).Itsvscancodeis 0x11d. AnXFree86serveronaPChasaonetoonemappingfromXkeycodestoPCscan codes,orvscancodes,whichiswhatWorkstationuses.WhenWorkstationishostedon anXFree86serverandrunsalocalvirtualmachine,itusesthebuiltinmappingfrom X keycodestovscancodes.Thismappingiskeyboardindependentandshouldbe correctformostlanguages.Inothercases(notanXFree86serverornotalocalserver), Workstationmustmapkeysymstovscancodesbyusingasetofkeyboardspecific tables. AnXserverusesatwolevelencodingofkeys,whichincludestheXkeycodeandthe keysym.AnXkeycodeisaonebytevalue.Theassignmentofkeycodestokeys dependsontheXserverimplementationandthephysicalkeyboard.Asaresult,an X applicationnormallycannotusekeycodesdirectly.Instead,thekeycodesare
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mappedintokeysymsthathavenameslikespace,escape,xand2.YoucanuseanX applicationtocontrolthemappingbyusingthefunctionXChangeKeyboardMapping() orbytheprogramxmodmap.Toexplorekeyboardmappings,youcanusethexev command,whichshowsthekeycodesandkeysymsforkeystypedintoitswindow. Akeycodecorrespondsroughlytoaphysicalkey,whileakeysymcorrespondstothe symbolonthekeytop.Forexample,withanXFree86serverrunningonaPC,theZkey ontheGermankeyboardhasthesamekeycodeastheYkeyonanEnglishkeyboard. TheGermanZkeysym,however,isthesameastheEnglishZkeysym,anddifferent fromtheEnglishYkeysym.
Configure How Keysyms Are Mapped

Whenkeycodemappingcannotbeusedorisdisabled,Workstationmapskeysymsto vscancodes.Ifalanguagespecifickeyboarddoesnotappeartobesupportedby Workstation,youmightneedtosetapropertythattellsWorkstationwhichkeysym tabletouse. Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks:
Tochangethemappingofafewkeys,determinethekeysymnameforeachkey thatisnotmappedcorrectly. Theeasiestwaytofindthekeysymnameforakeyistorunthexevorxmodmap -pkcommands.TheXheaderfile/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.hhasa completelistofkeysyms.ThenameofakeysymisthesameasitsCconstant withouttheXK_prefix.
Touseadifferentkeysymtable,determinewhichmappingtabletouse. ThetablesarelocatedinthexkeymapdirectoryintheWorkstationinstallation directory(usually/usr/lib/vmware).Thetableyoumustusedependsonthe keyboardlayout.ThenormaldistributionincludestablesforPCkeyboardsforthe UnitedStatesandanumberofEuropeancountriesandlanguages.Formostof these,boththe101key(or102key)andthe104key(or105key)variantsare available.
Ifnoneofthemappingtablesiscompletelycorrect,findonethatworksbest,copy ittoanewlocation,andchangetheindividualkeysymmappings.
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WorkstationdetermineswhichtabletousebyexaminingthecurrentXkeymap. However,itsdecisionmakingprocesscansometimesfail.Inaddition,eachmappingis fixedandmightnotbecompletelycorrectforanygivenkeyboardandXkey codetokeysymmapping.Forexample,ausermighthaveswappedCtrlandCaps Lockusingxmodmap.Thismeansthekeysareswappedinthevirtualmachinewhen usingaremoteserver(keysymmapping)butareunswappedwhenusingalocalserver (keycodemapping).Tocorrectthissituation,useconfigurationsettings. To configure how keysyms are mapped 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow. Onthemachinethathoststhevirtualmachine,addoneormoreofthefollowing linestothevirtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)fileorto~/.vmware/config:
TodisableXkeycodemappingtomapkeysymsratherthankeycodesto vscancodes,setthefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = "TRUE"
Formoreinformation,seeX KeyCodesComparedtoKeysymsonpage 344.
IfWorkstationhasatableinthexkeymapdirectoryforyourkeyboardbut cannotdetectit,setthefollowingproperty:
xkeymap.language = "<keyboard_type>"
Thevalue<keyboard_type>mustspecifyoneofthetablesinthexkeymap directory.However,thefailuretodetectthekeyboardprobablymeansthe tableisnotcompletelycorrectforyou.Youmightneedtocreateamodified tableandusethexkeymap.fileNameproperty,describednext.
Touseadifferentkeysymmappingtablethatisnotinthexkeymapdirectory, setthefollowingproperty,where<file_path>isthepathtothetable:
xkeymap.fileName = "<file_path>"
Thetablemustlistakeysymforeachkeybyusingthefollowingform:
<sym> = "<v-scan_code>"
The <sym>valueisanXkeysymname,and<v-scan_code>isaCsyntax hexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001).Useanewlineforeachkeysym. Compilingacompletekeysymmappingisdifficult.VMwarerecommends editinganexistingtableandmakingsmallchanges.
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Tochangethekeysymmappingofafewkeys,setthefollowingpropertyfor eachkey,onseparatelines:
xkeymap.keysym.<sym> = "<v-scan_code>"
Thevalue<sym>mustbeanXkeysymnameand<v-scan_code>isa Csyntaxhexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001). MostvscancodesarelistedinVScanCodeTableonpage 347.The xkeymaptablesthemselvesarealsohelpful. 3 Saveandclosethefile.
V-Scan Code Table

Table 161showsthevscancodesforthe104keyU.S.keyboard. Table 16-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard
Symbol Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 = Backspace Tab Q W E R ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x001 0x002 0x003 0x004 0x005 0x006 0x007 0x008 0x009 0x00a 0x00b 0x00c 0x00d 0x00e 0x00f 0x010 0x011 0x012 0x013
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Table 16-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol T Y U I O P [ ] Enter Ctrl A S D F G H J K L ; ` Shift \ Z X C V B | left left { } Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x014 0x015 0x016 0x017 0x018 0x019 0x01a 0x01b 0x01c 0x01d 0x01e 0x01f 0x020 0x021 0x022 0x023 0x024 0x025 0x026 0x027 0x028 0x029 0x02a 0x02b 0x02c 0x02d 0x02e 0x02f 0x030
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Symbol N M , . / Shift * Alt Spacebar CapsLock F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 NumLock ScrollLock Home Uparrow PgUp Leftarrow 5 Rightarrow 6 4 7 8 9 numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad < > ? right numericpad left Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x031 0x032 0x033 0x034 0x035 0x036 0x037 0x038 0x039 0x03a 0x03b 0x03c 0x03d 0x03e 0x03f 0x040 0x041 0x042 0x043 0x044 0x045 0x046 0x047 0x048 0x049 0x04a 0x04b 0x04c 0x04d
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Symbol + End Downarrow PgDn Ins Del F11 F12 Break Enter Ctrl / SysRq Alt Home Uparrow PageUp Leftarrow Rightarrow End Downarrow PageDown Insert Delete Windows Windows Menu PrintScrn right functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad left right Pause numericpad right numericpad 1 2 3 0 Shifted Symbol Location numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad V-Scan Code 0x04e 0x04f 0x050 0x051 0x052 0x053 0x057 0x058 0x100 0x11c 0x11d 0x135 0x137 0x138 0x147 0x148 0x149 0x14b 0x14d 0x14f 0x150 0x151 0x152 0x153 0x15b 0x15c 0x15d
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The84keykeyboardhasaSysReqkeyonthenumericpad.Itsvscancodeis0x054. KeyboardsoutsidetheU.S.usuallyhaveanextrakey(often<>or<>|)nexttotheleft Shiftkey.Thevscancodeforthiskeyis0x056.
Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine

Youcanconnectupto20USBdevicestoonevirtualmachinesimultaneously. WorkstationprovidesadualinterfaceUSBcontrollerpervirtualmachine,aUHCIfor USB1.1devicesandanEHCIforUSB2.0devices. ForUSB2.0support,yourhostmustsupportUSB2.0,andyoumustenableUSB2.0 supportinWorkstation.USB2.0supportisavailableonlyforWorkstation6.xand highervirtualmachines.USB2.0devicesarehighspeeddeviceswhichincludethe latestmodelsofUSBflashdrives,USBharddrives,iPods,andiPhone. Onthehost,whenaUSB2.0deviceconnectstoaUSBport,thedeviceisautomatically connectedtoEHCIcontrollerandoperatesinUSB2.0mode.AUSB1.1deviceis connectedtoUHCIcontrollerandoperatesinUSB1.1mode.Avirtualmachinewith USB2.0supportenabled,simulatesthisbehavior.SeeEnabletheUSB2.0Controller foraVirtualMachineonpage 352. AlthoughyourhostoperatingsystemmustsupportUSB,youdonotneedtoinstall devicespecificdriversforUSBdevicesinthehostoperatingsystemtousethose devicesonlyinthevirtualmachine.WindowsNTandLinuxkernelsearlierthan2.2.17 donotsupportUSB. VMwarehastestedavarietyofUSBdeviceswithWorkstation7.x.Iftheguestoperating systemhasappropriatedrivers,youcanuseawidevarietyofUSBdevices,forexample, PDAs,Smartphones,printers,storage(disk)devices,scanners,MP3players,digital cameras,memorycardreaders,andisochronoustransferdevices,suchaswebcams, speakers,andmicrophones. USBhumaninterfacedevices,suchasthekeyboardandmouse,canbeconnectedtothe virtualmachinebyenablingtheShowallUSBinputdevicesoption.Ifyoudonotselect theoptiontoShowallUSBinputdevicesasremovabledevices,thesedevicesdonot appearasRemovableDevicesavailabletoconnecttothevirtualmachine,eventhough theyarepluggedintoUSBportsonthehost.Thisoptionisenablesuserstousespecial USBhumaninterfacedevices(HIDs)insideavirtualmachine.
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Enable the USB 2.0 Controller for a Virtual Machine

ThevirtualmachinesUSBcontrollerandhighspeedUSB2.0devicesareenabledby default.Modemsandcertainstreamingdatadevices,suchasspeakersandwebcams, donotworkproperlyunlessyouenableUSB2.0support. IfyourvirtualmachinewascreatedusinganolderversionofWorkstationtheUSB2.0 devicesupportisnotenabled.YoucanenabletheUSBcontrollerinthevirtualmachine settingseditorofWorkstation7.x. Beforeyoubegin,performoneofthefollowingtasksthatapplytoyourconfiguration:

VerifythatthevirtualmachineisaWorkstation6.xorhighervirtualmachine. VerifythattheguestsupportsUSB2.0devices. OnWindowsXPguests,verifythatthelatestservicepackisinstalledtouse USB 2.0. IfyouuseWindowsXPwithnoservicepacks,thedriverfortheEHCIcontroller cannotbeloaded.
IfyoudonotplantouseUSB2.0devicesinavirtualmachine,youcanusethevirtual machinesettingseditortodisableUSB2.0support. To enable the USB 2.0 Controller for a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectUSBController. SelecttheEnablehighspeedsupportforUSB2.0devicescheckboxandclick OK.
Add a USB Controller to a Virtual Machine

Bydefault,aUSBcontrollerisincludedwhenyoucreateavirtualmachine.Ifyou removetheUSBcontroller,youcanadditback. Thiscontrollerisrequiredtouseasmartcardinavirtualmachineregardlessof whetherthesmartcardreaderisaUSBdevice. To add a USB controller to a virtual machine 1 2 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
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ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectUSBControllerandclickNext. OntheUSBpage,clickFinish. Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,clickOK.
YoucannowstartthevirtualmachineandautomaticallyormanuallyconnectUSB devicesandsmartcardreaders.
Connecting USB Devices

Whenavirtualmachineisrunning,itswindowistheactivewindow.IfyouplugaUSB deviceintothehost,bydefault,thedeviceconnectstothevirtualmachineinsteadof thehost. IfyoumanuallyconnectaUSBdevicetoavirtualmachine(chooseVM>Removable Devices),Workstationretainsthevirtualmachinesconnectiontotheaffectedporton thehost.Youcansuspendorpoweroffthevirtualmachine,orunplugthedevice.When youplugthedevicebackinorresumethevirtualmachine,Workstationreconnectsthe device.Workstationretainstheconnectionbywritinganautoconnectentrytothe virtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. IfWorkstationcannotreconnecttothedevice(forexample,becauseyoudisconnectthe device),thedeviceisremovedandamessageisdisplayed,indicatingthatWorkstation cannotconnecttothedevice.Youcanconnectmanuallytothedeviceifitisstill available.
Enable or Disable Automatic Connection of USB Devices

YoucandisabletheautoconnectfeatureifyoudonotwantUSBdevicesto automaticallyconnecttothevirtualmachinewhenyoupoweriton. To enable or disable automatic connection of USB devices 1 Selectthevirtualmachine. Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroffunlessyouplantochangethesetting forconnectingtoUSBmouseandkeyboarddevices.Inthiscase,thevirtual machinemustbepoweredoff. 2 ChooseVM>Settings.
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OntheHardwaretab,selectUSBController. SelectordeselecttheAutomaticallyconnectnewUSBdevicescheckboxtoenable ordisablethesettingandclickOK.
Enable or Disable Show All USB Input Devices

TheShowallUSBinputdevicesoptionisdisabledbydefault.Thisoptionenablesusers tousespecialUSBHIDsinsideavirtualmachineexclusively. NOTEAnHIDthatisconnectedtotheguestisnotavailabletothehost. VMwarerecommendsdisablingautomaticconnectionofUSBdevicewhenusinga KVMswitchforamouseorkeyboard. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. To enable or disable Show all USB input devices 1 2 3 SelectVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectUSBController. SelecttheShowallUSBinputdevicescheckboxtoenableordisablethesetting andclickOK. IftheShowallUSBinputdevicescheckboxisenabled,alltheHIDs,suchas USB 1.1and2.0mouseandkeyboarddevices,appearasRemovableDeviceswhen thevirtualmachineispoweredon.
Connect a USB Device Manually

Ifadevicethatisconnectedtothehostdoesnotautomaticallyconnecttoavirtual machineatpoweron,youcanconnectthedevicemanually. Beforeyoubegin,forUSBmouse,keyboard,andotherinputdevices,youmustenable showingthesedevices.SeeEnableorDisableShowAllUSBInputDeviceson page 354. Also,whenyouareusingavirtualmachine,ifyouplugadeviceintothehost,the autoconnectfeatureusuallyconnectsthedevicetothevirtualmachine.Ifthisaction doesnotoccur,youcanconnectthedevicemanually.
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To connect a USB device manually 1 2 3 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon. ChooseVM>RemovableDevices><device_name>. Here<device_name>specifiestheUSBdevicethatispluggedintothehost. A checkmarkappearsnexttothedevicesname,indicatingthatitisconnected. IfthephysicalUSBdevicesareconnectedtothehostthroughahub,thevirtual machineseesonlytheUSBdevices,notthehub.
USB Driver Installation on a Windows Host

WhenaparticularUSBdeviceisconnectedtoavirtualmachineforthefirsttime,the hostdetectsitasanewdevicenamedVMwareUSBDeviceandinstallstheappropriate VMwaredriver. OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003hosts,theMicrosoftWindowsFoundNew Hardwarewizardpromptsyoutorunit.Selectthedefaultaction,Installthesoftware automatically.Afterthesoftwareisinstalled,theguestoperatingsystemdetectsthe USBdeviceandsearchesforasuitabledriver.
Synchronize a PDA to Install a PDA Driver

WhenyousynchronizeaPDAtoavirtualmachineforthefirsttime,thetotaltime requiredtoloadtheVMwareUSBdevicedriverinthehostandthePDAdriverinthe guestmightexceedthedevicesconnectiontimeoutvalue.Thiscausesthedeviceto disconnectitselffromthecomputerbeforetheguestcansynchronizewithit. To synchronize a PDA to install a PDA driver 1 2 3 4 5 ConnecttheUSBdevicetothecomputerthathoststhevirtualmachine. SynchronizethePDAwiththehost. LettheguestfinishinstallingthePDAdriver. Dismissanyconnectionerrorwarnings. SynchronizethePDAagain. Thissecondattemptusuallysucceeds.
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Access and Use a USB Device on a Linux Host

OnLinuxhosts,WorkstationusestheUSBdevicefilesystemtoconnecttoUSBdevices. IftheUSBdevicefilesystemisnotlocatedin/proc/bus/usb,youmustmounttheUSB filesystemtothatlocation. Beforeyoubegin,addaUSBcontrollertothevirtualmachineifthevirtualmachine doesnothaveone.SeeAddaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 352. DonotattempttoaddaUSBdrivesdevicenodedirectory(forexample,/dev/sda)to thevirtualmachineasaharddisk. To access and use a USB device on a Linux host 1 Runthefollowingcommandasroot:
mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb
ConnecttheUSBdevicetothehostandbeginusingit.
How Device Control Is Shared Between Host and Guest

OnlythehostortheguestcanhavecontrolofaUSBdeviceatanyonetime.Device controloperatesdifferently,dependingonwhetherthehostisaLinuxoraWindows computer.
Device Control on a Windows Host

Whenyouconnectadevicetoavirtualmachine,itisdisconnectedfromthehostor fromthevirtualmachinethatpreviouslyhadcontrolofthedevice.Whenyou disconnectadevicefromavirtualmachine,itisreturnedtothehost. Undersomecircumstances,ifaUSBstoragedeviceisinuseonthehost(forexample, oneormorefilesstoredonthedeviceareopenonthehost),anerrorappearsinthe virtualmachinewhenyoutrytoconnecttothedevice.Youmustletthehostcomplete itsoperationorcloseanyapplicationconnectedtothedeviceonthehost,andconnect tothedeviceinthevirtualmachineagain. OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003hosts,whenyouconnectaUSBnetworkor storagedevicetoavirtualmachine,amessagemightappearonthehostthatsaysthe devicecanberemovedsafely.Thisisnormalbehavior,andyoucandismissthedialog box.However,donotremovethedevicefromyourphysicalcomputer. Ifthenetworkorstoragedevicedoesnotdisconnectfromthehost,usetheappropriate systemtrayicontodisconnectit.OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003,itiscalled SafelyRemoveHardware.
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Troubleshoot Device Control Issues on a Linux Host

OnLinuxhosts,guestoperatingsystemscanusedevicesthatarenotalreadyinuseby thehost,thatis,devicesthatarenotclaimedbyahostoperatingsystemdriver. IfthedeviceisinusebythehostandyoutrytochooseVM>RemovableDevicesto connectittotheguest,adialogboxappears,askingwhetheryouwanttodisconnectthe driveronthehost.Occasionally,disconnectingthedevicefails. Arelatedissuesometimesaffectsdevicesthatrelyonautomaticconnection(asPDAs oftendo).Occasionally,evenifyousuccessfullyusedautoconnectiontoconnectthe devicetothevirtualmachine,youmightexperienceproblemswiththeconnectionto thedevice. To troubleshoot device control issues on a Linux host 1 2 3 Ifyouhaveproblemswithautomaticconnections,chooseVM>Removable Devicestodisconnectthedeviceandreconnectit. Iftheproblempersists,unplugthedevicephysicallyandplugitinagain. Ifawarningappearsthatthedeviceisinuse,disablethedeviceinthehotplug configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory. Fordetailsoneditingtheseconfigurationfiles,seeyourLinuxdistributions documentation. 4 Ifadisconnectionfails,dooneofthefollowing:
Ifthedriverwasautomaticallyloadedbyhotplug,disableitinthehotplug configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory. Fordetailsoneditingtheseconfigurationfiles,seeyourLinuxdistributions documentation.
Tounloadthedevicedrivermanually,becomeroot(su -)andusethermmod command.
Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine

BeforeyouunplugaUSBdeviceorchooseVM>RemovableDevicestodisconnectit fromavirtualmachine,besureitisinasafestate. Followtheproceduresthedevicemanufacturerspecifiesforunpluggingthedevice fromaphysicalcomputer.Thisistruewhetheryouarephysicallyunpluggingit, movingitfromhosttovirtualmachine,movingitbetweenvirtualmachines,ormoving itfromvirtualmachinetohost.
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Thisisimportantwithdatastoragedevices(aZipdrive,forexample).Ifyoumovea datastoragedevicetoosoonaftersavingafileandtheoperatingsystemdidnot actuallywritethedatatothedisk,youcanlosedata.
Use Smart Cards with Virtual Machines

Asmartcardisaplasticcardaboutthesizeofacreditcardbutembeddedwitha computerchip.Manygovernmentagenciesandlargeenterprisesusesmartcardsto sendsecurecommunication,digitallysigndocuments,andauthenticateuserswho accesstheircomputernetworks.Usersplugasmartcardreaderintotheircomputer andinserttheirsmartcardinthereader.TheyarethenpromptedfortheirPINtologon. ThevirtualmachineconsiderssmartcardreaderstobeatypeofUSBdevice.Youcan chooseVM>RemovableDevicestoaccessthem.Virtualmachinescanconnectto smartcardreadersthatinterfacetoserialports,parallelports,USBports,PCMCIA slots,andPCIslots. Asmartcardcanbesharedbetweenvirtualmachinesorbetweenthehostandoneor morevirtualmachines.Sharingisenabledbydefault.Todisablesharing,seeDisable SmartCardSharingonpage 360. Whenyouplugasmartcardreaderintothecomputerthereaderappearsastwo separateUSBdevicesintheWorkstationinterface.Thisisbecauseyoucanusesmart cardsinoneoftwomutuallyexclusivemodes:virtualmodeorUSBpassthroughmode. Youmustselectoneortheother.
Virtualmode(Recommended)Thesmartcardreaderdeviceisavailableas Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>underRemovableDevices.Afterthe virtualreaderisconnectedtothevirtualmachine,itisvisibleasUSBSmartCard ReaderonWindowsXPguests.OnWindowsVistaandWindows7gueststhe genericsmartcardreaderdevicenameappearsundertheWindowsDevice Managerlist.Invirtualmode,thesmartcardreadercanbesharedamong applicationsonthehostandamongapplicationswithindifferentguestsonthe host. USBpassthroughmodeThesmartcardreaderdeviceisavailableas <smart_card_reader_model>underRemovableDevices.InUSBpassthrough mode,asinglevirtualmachinedirectlycontrolsthephysicalsmartcardreader.A USBpassthroughsmartcardreadercannotbeusedbyapplicationsonthehostor byapplicationswithinothervirtualmachines.YoushoulduseUSBpassthrough modeonlyifconnectioninvirtualmodedoesnotworkwellforyourscenario.If youareusingtheUSBpassthroughmodeyoumayneedtoinstallthedriver providedbythemanufacturer.
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SmartcardscanbeusedwithmanyLinuxdistributions.VMwareprovidesfullsmart cardsupportforWindowsguestsrunningonLinuxhosts.However,usingsmartcards withinLinux,typicallyrequiresthirdpartysoftwaretoeffectivelyauthenticatetoa domainorenablesecurecommunications.Smartcardsshouldworkwithcommon Linuxbrowsers,emailapplications,anddirectoryserviceshowever,theseproducts havenotbeentestedorcertifiedbyVMware. Touseahostssmartcardreaderinavirtualmachine,makesurethefollowing prerequisitesaresatisfied:
OnWindowshosts,starttheservicecalledSCardSvr.exeifitisnotalready running. OnLinuxhosts,makesurethelibpcsclitelibraryisinstalled.MostrecentLinux distributionsincludethislibrary.Alsomakesurethepcscddaemonisrunning. MakesurethevirtualmachinehasaUSBcontroller. AUSBcontrollerisrequiredregardlessofwhetherthesmartcardreaderitselfisa USBdevice.Bydefault,USBcontrollersareincludedwhenyoucreateavirtual machine.IfyouremovedtheUSBcontroller,youmustadditback.SeeAddaUSB ControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 352.
To use smart cards with virtual machines 1 2 3 Connectthesmartcardreadertothehostmachine. Startthevirtualmachine. Toconnectthesmartcardreadertoavirtualmachine,chooseVM>Removable Devices>Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>Connect. IfthesmartcardreaderisaUSBsmartcardreader,twoitemsappearforitinthe RemovableDevicesmenu.Bothitemsusethemodelnameofthereader,butone itemnamebeginswithVirtual. OnLinuxhosts,ifyouselectthewrongitemandthenwanttoselecttheVirtual smartcarditem,seeSwitchtoUsingtheVirtualSmartCardReaderonLinux Hostsonpage 360. 4 Todisconnectthesmartcardreaderfromthevirtualmachine,chooseVM> RemovableDevices>Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>Disconnect.
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Toremovethesmartcardfromthevirtualmachine,chooseVM>Removable Devices>Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>RemoveSmartCard. Thesmartcardisremovedfromthevirtualmachinebutstaysconnectedonthe host.Ifthesmartcardisphysicallyremovedfromthesmartcardreaderthenthis optionisdisabled.
Toinsertthesmartcardtothevirtualmachine,chooseVM>RemovableDevices >Virtual<smart_card_reader_model>>InsertSmartCard. Ifthesmartcardisphysicallyinsertedinthesmartcardreaderthenthesmartcard isalsoinsertedinthevirtualmachine.
Switch to Using the Virtual Smart Card Reader on Linux Hosts

BecauseofthewaysmartcardreaderfunctionalityisimplementedonLinuxhosts,you mustexitWorkstationandrestartthepcscddaemononthehostbeforeswitchingfrom thenonvirtualsmartcardreadertothevirtualsmartcardreader. To switch to using the virtual smart card reader on Linux hosts 1 2 3 4 5 6 Todisconnectfromthenonvirtualsmartcardreader,usetheRemovableDevices menuandselectDisconnect. PoweroffthevirtualmachineandexitWorkstation. Physicallydisconnectthesmartcardreaderfromthehost. Restartthepcscddaemononthehost. Physicallyconnectthesmartcardreadertothehost. StartWorkstation,poweronthevirtualmachine,andconnecttothevirtualsmart cardreader. SeeUseSmartCardswithVirtualMachinesonpage 358.
Disable Smart Card Sharing

Bydefault,youcanshareasmartcardbetweenvirtualmachinesorbetweenthehost andoneormorevirtualmachines.Youmightwanttodisablesmartcardsharingifyou areusingaPCMCIAsmartcardreader,deployingvirtualmachinesforenterpriseuse anddonotwanttosupportdriversforvarioussmartcardreaders,andyourhosthas driversbutnottheguest.
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Thesettingthatcontrolssmartcardsharingislocatedintheglobalconfigurationfile. Theglobalconfigurationfileiscreatedwhenyouchangeanyofthedefaultsettingsin theWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).Thefilelocationdependson thehostoperatingsystem:
OnmostWindowshosts:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts:
C:\ProgramData\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnLinuxhosts:
/etc/vmware/config
To disable smart card sharing 1 2 Iftheconfig.inifiledoesnotyetexistonyourhostcomputer,chooseEdit> Preferencesandchangeatleastoneofthesettingsinthepreferenceeditor. Opentheconfig.inifilewithatexteditorandaddthefollowingline:

usb.ccid.useSharedMode = "FALSE"
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Saveandclosethefile. Setpermissionsonthisfilesothatotheruserscannotchangeit.
Support for Generic SCSI Devices

GenericSCSIgivestheguestoperatingsystemdirectaccesstoSCSIdevicesconnected tothehost,suchasscanners,tapedrives,andotherdatastoragedevices.UsingtheSCSI genericdriver,WorkstationallowsavirtualmachinetorunanySCSIdevicethatis supportedbytheguestoperatingsystem. Intheory,genericSCSIiscompletelydeviceindependent,butVMwarehasdiscovered itissensitivetotheguestoperatingsystem,deviceclass,andspecificSCSIhardware. TryanySCSIhardwareandreportproblemstoVMwaretechnicalsupport. OnWindowshosts,toaccesshostSCSIdevicesfromwithinavirtualmachine,you mustrunWorkstationasauserwithadministratoraccess. OnLinuxhosts,youmusthavereadandwritepermissionsonagivengenericSCSI devicetousethedevicewithinavirtualmachine,evenifthedeviceisareadonly devicesuchasaCDROMdrive.Thesedevicestypicallydefaulttorootonly permissions.Youradministratorcancreateagroupwithaccesstoreadandwriteto thesedevicesandaddtheappropriateuserstothatgroup.
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Installing Required Adapters or Drivers for Some Windows Guests

OnolderWindowsguestoperatingsystems,youmightneedtoinstallspecialhostbus adapters.TouseaSCSIdevicewith32bitWindowsXPguests,youmustinstalla specialdriverthatVMwareprovides.
Installing a SCSI Adapter on Windows 9.x and Me Guests

IfyouusegenericSCSIdevicesinaWindows95,Windows98,orWindowsMeguest operatingsystemandareexperiencingproblemswiththedevices,downloadthelatest Mylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbusadapterfromLSIWebsite.Toinstall thedriver,followtheinstructionsontheWebsite. ThisdriveroverrideswhatWindowschoosesasthebestdriver,butitcorrectsknown problems.
Installing a SCSI Driver for 32-Bit Windows XP Guests

TouseSCSIdevicesina32bitWindowsXPvirtualmachine,youneedaspecialSCSI driveravailablefromtheDownloadspageoftheVMwareWebsite.
Install the BusLogic Driver in a Windows NT 4.0 Guest

GenericSCSIdevicesusethevirtualMylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbus adapterprovidedbythevirtualmachine.OnWindowsNT4.0,youmightneedto installthedrivermanuallyifitisnotalreadyinstalledforavirtualSCSIdisk.Doso beforeyouaddagenericSCSIdevice. Beforeyoubegin,haveyourWindowsNTinstallationCDavailable. To install the BusLogic driver in a Windows NT 4.0 guest 1 2 3 4 5 6 ToopentheSCSIAdapterscontrolpanel,chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel >SCSIAdapters. OntheDriverstab,clickAdd. Inthelistofvendorsontheleft,selectBusLogic. Inthelistofdriversontheright,selectBusLogicMultiMasterPCISCSIHost AdaptersandclickOK. InserttheWindowsNTCDwhenyouarepromptedandclickOK. Rebootwhenyouareprompted.
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Avoiding Concurrent Access on Linux Hosts

TheSCSIgenericdriversetsupamappingforeachSCSIdevicein/dev.Eachentry startswithsg(fortheSCSIgenericdriver)followedbyanumber.Forexample, /dev/sg0isthefirstgenericSCSIdevice.EachentrycorrespondstoaSCSIdevicein theorderspecifiedin/proc/scsi/scsi,fromthelowestdeviceIDonthelowest adaptertothehighestdeviceIDonthelowestadapter,andsoontothehighestdevice IDonthehighestadapter. SomeLinuxdevicessuchastapedrives,diskdrives,andCDROMdrivesalreadyhave adesignated/deventry(st,sd,andsr,respectively).WhentheSCSIgenericdriveris installed,Linuxidentifiesthesedeviceswithcorrespondingsgentriesin/devin additiontotheirtraditionalentries.Workstationensuresthatmultipleprogramsare notusingthesame/dev/sgentryatthesametimebutcannotalwaysensurethat multipleprogramsarenotusingthe/dev/sgentryandthetraditional/deventryat thesametime.WhenyouspecifywhichSCSIdevicetouseinavirtualmachine,donot specify/dev/st0or/dev/sr0. CAUTIONDonotattempttousethesamegenericSCSIdeviceinbothhostandguest. Thiscancauseunexpectedbehaviorandmightcauselossorcorruptionofdata.
Add a Generic SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine

TomapvirtualSCSIdevicesonavirtualmachinetophysicalgenericSCSIdeviceson thehost,youmustaddagenericSCSIdevicetothevirtualmachine. Beforeyoubegin,makesureyouhavethefollowingrequiredpermissions:
OnWindowshosts,toaccesshostSCSIdevicesasgenericSCSIdevices,youmust runWorkstationasauserwithadministratoraccess. OnLinuxhosts,genericSCSIrequiresversion2.1.36orhigheroftheSCSIGeneric (sg.o)driver,whichcomeswithkernel2.2.14andhigher.Also,youmustbe loggedonasauserwhohaspermissionstousethedevice(thatis,readandwrite permissions).
To add a generic SCSI device to a virtual machine 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,clickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizard. OntheHardwareTypepage,selectGenericSCSIDeviceandclickNext.
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OntheChooseSCSIDevicepage,fromthedropdownmenuofSCSIdevices, selectthephysicaldevicetomap. Ifyoudonotseethedeviceyouwantinthelist,seeTroubleshootProblems DetectingGenericSCSIDevicesonpage 364. OnLinuxhosts,ifyoutypeinthepathtotheSCSIdevice,donotenter/dev/st0 or/dev/sr0.
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SelecttheConnectatpoweroncheckboxtoconfigureautomaticconnection behaviorandclickFinish. OntheHardwaretab,intheVirtualdevicenodesection,selecttheSCSIdevice identifiertouseforthedriveandclickOK. Forexample,ifyouselectSCSI0:2,theguestoperatingsystemseesthedriveas ID 2oncontroller0.
Troubleshoot Problems Detecting Generic SCSI Devices

WhenyouusethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddagenericSCSIdevicetoa virtualmachine,occasionallythedevicedoesnotappearinthelistofavailableSCSI devices. Beforeyoubegintroubleshootingthisproblem,youmightneedtoknowthefollowing:
TheSCSIbusnumberthatthedeviceusesonthehostsystem.TheSCSIbusis assignedanumberbythehostoperatingsystemafterallIDEbusesareassigned numbers.Forexample,ifyouhavetwoIDEbuses,theyarenumbered0and1.The firstSCSIbusisassignedbusnumber2. IfyoucannotdeterminetheSCSIbusnumber,tryusingathirdpartytoolsuchas winobjtodeterminethisinformation.Youcandownloadwinobjforfreefromthe WindowsSysinternalsWebsite.
ThetargetIDthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachineandonthehost.ThisIDis usuallysetbysomejumpersorswitchesonthedevice.TodeterminethetargetID, seetheownersmanualforthedevice.
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ThemainreasonsWorkstationcannotdetectadeviceincludethefollowing:

Adriverforthatdeviceisnotinstalledonthehost. Adriveronthehostpreventsthedevicefrombeingdetected. Thevirtualmachineusesadeviceforwhichtherearenodriversavailabletothe hostoperatingsystem.Inthiscase,addthedevicemanuallytothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Addingadeviceinthismanneris recommendedforadvancedusersonly.
To troubleshoot problems detecting generic SCSI devices 1 2 Findoutwhetherthedevicedriverforthisdeviceisinstalledonthehost. Ifthedevicedriverisnotinstalledandyouwanttoinstallit,dosoandseeifthe deviceappearscorrectlyinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor. Youmightnotwanttoinstallthedriveronthehostifyouwanttoavoida deviceinuseconflictbetweenthehostandguest. Ifadriverisinstalledbutdoesnotappearcorrectly,ifyoucannotinstallthedriver onthehost,orifyoudonotwanttoinstallthedriveronthehost,continuewiththe restofthisprocedure. 3 IfanoriginalSCSIdevicedriverisalreadyinstalledonthehost,disableit. SomeWindowsoperatingsystemsdonotprocessthesendcommandfromthe adapterifthedevicedriverownsthedevice. 4 5 Poweroffthevirtualmachineandopenthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx) fileinatexteditor. Addorchangethefollowinglineinthe.vmxfile,whereX istheSCSIbusnumber thedeviceusesonthehostsystem,andYisthetargetIDthedeviceusesbothin thevirtualmachineandonthehost:
scsiZ:Y.fileName = "<deviceName>"
For"<deviceName>"use:
"scsiX:Y"
Thefollowingisanexampleofhowtosettheoption.Theproblematicdeviceisa CDROMdrive,andtheexistingentryintheconfigurationfileis:
scsi0:4.fileName = "CdRom0"
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Ifthedeviceonthehostislocatedonbus2withtargetID4,changethislineto:
scsi0:4.fileName = "scsi2:4"
IfyourproblemwasthatthevirtualmachinehasaSCSIadapterandgenericSCSI device,butWorkstationdidnotrecognizethedevicewhenthevirtualmachine waspoweredon,youcanstopatthispoint. 6 IfthevirtualmachinedoesnotcontainanySCSIdevices,toaddagenericSCSI devicetoanewvirtualSCSIadapter,ortouseanexistingSCSIdeviceasageneric SCSIdevice,addthefollowinglineinthe.vmxfile:

scsiZ:Y.deviceType = "scsi-passthru"
IfyouwantedtouseanexistingSCSIdeviceasagenericSCSIdevice,youcanstop atthispoint. 7 IfthevirtualmachinedoesnotcontainanySCSIdevices,ortoaddagenericSCSI devicetoanewvirtualSCSIadapter,addthefollowinglinesinthe.vmxfile,where ZistheSCSIbusnumberthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachine:

scsiZ:Y.present = "true" scsiZ.present = "true"
Ifthevirtualmachinesettingseditorstilldoesnotincludethisdeviceinthelistof availableSCSIdevicesforthisvirtualmachine,contactVMwaretechnicalsupport.
Use Eight-Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing

WithVirtualSMP,youcanassignprocessorsandcoresperprocessortoavirtual machineonanyhostmachinethathasatleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwoormorelogicalprocessors:

AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled
NOTEOnhyperthreadeduniprocessorhosts,performanceofvirtualmachineswith VirtualSMPmightbebelownormal.Evenonmultiprocessorhosts,performanceis affectedifyouovercommitbyrunningmultipleworkloadsthatrequiremoretotalCPU resourcesthanarephysicallyavailable. Youcanpoweronandrunmultipledualprocessorvirtualmachinesconcurrently. Thenumberofprocessorsforagivenvirtualmachineappearsinthesummaryviewof thevirtualmachine.
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To use eight-way virtual symmetric multiprocessing Dooneofthefollowing:
Foranewvirtualmachine,choosethecustomconfigurationintheNewVirtual Machinewizard.OntheProcessorConfigurationpage,specifythenumber. Foranexistingvirtualmachine,chooseVM>SettingsandontheHardwaretab, selectProcessorsandspecifythenumber.
Use a Virtual Machine That Originally Had More Than Eight Virtual Processors
YoucanuseWorkstation7.x,runningonamultiprocessorhostmachine,toopena virtualmachinecreatedinESXServer.YoucannotuseWorkstation,however,topower onavirtualmachinethathasmorethaneightvirtualprocessorsassigned,evenifmore processorswereassignedwhenthevirtualmachinewascreatedinESXServer. Youcanseethenumberofprocessorsinthevirtualmachinessummaryvieworby usingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Touseavirtualmachinethathasmorethan eightvirtualprocessorsassigned,youmustchangethenumberofprocessorsbefore poweringiton. To use a virtual machine that originally had more than eight virtual processors 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff. ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectProcessors,andnotethatNumberofprocessorsisset toOther(x),wherexisthenumberofprocessorsoriginallyassignedinESXServer. Workstationpreservesthisoriginalconfigurationsettingforthenumberof processors,eventhougheightisthemaximumnumberofprocessorssupported. Afteryoucommitachangetothissetting,theoriginalsettingforthenumberof processorsisdiscardedandnolongerappearsasanoptioninthevirtualmachine settingseditor. 5 ChangetheNumberofprocessorssettingto1,2,4,or8andclickOK.
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Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
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Youcanuseconfigurationoptionsfortasks,suchasrestrictingtheoperationsausercan performwithavirtualmachineorsimplifyingtheuserinterfaceforinexperienced users.Inaclassroom,forexample,youcanensurethatvirtualmachineconfigurations remainconsistentfromoneclasssessiontothenext. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

RestrictingtheUserInterfaceonpage 369 MakingaVirtualMachineAlwaysUseFullScreenSwitchModeonpage 372 GuestACPIS1Sleeponpage 380
Restricting the User Interface

Toenabletherestricteduserinterface,ausermusthavesufficientprivilegestoeditthe virtualmachinesconfigurationfileandtosetfilepermissions.Therestricteduser interfaceaffectsonlythespecificvirtualmachinesforwhichthesettingiscreated. Thefollowingchangesoccurwhenyouenabletherestricteduserinterface:

Thetoolbarisalwayshidden. AllfunctionsontheVM>Powermenu,Snapshotmenu,Replaymenu,and RemovableDevicesmenuaredisabled. Noaccessisprovidedtothevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings).
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Theusercannotchangevirtualnetworkingsettings(Edit>VirtualNetwork Editor). Theuserstartsthevirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheconfiguration(.vmx)file oradesktopshortcut.Theusershutsdownbyclosingthevirtualmachine(File> Exit).ItisalsopossibletolaunchWorkstationandopenarestrictedinterface virtualmachinefromtheFavoriteslistorFilemenu.
Enable the Restricted User Interface

Althoughtherestricteduserinterfaceprovidesnoaccesstomenuandtoolbarcontrols forasnapshot,youcangiveuserslimitedsnapshotcontrol.Ifyousetupasnapshotfor therestrictedvirtualmachineandsetthepoweroffoptiontoAskMe,thestandard dialogboxappearswhenavirtualmachineshutsdownandtheusercanchoose Just PowerOff,TakeSnapshot,orReverttoSnapshot. To enable the restricted user interface 1 2 3 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow. Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)inatexteditor. Addthefollowinglineanywhereinthefile:
gui.restricted = "TRUE"
4 5
(Optional)Setfilepermissionsontheconfigurationfiletogivenormalusersofthe systemonlyreadaccesstothefile. Createashortcuttotheconfigurationfileonthedesktopandgiveitanappropriate name.
Restrict the User Interface and Return to a Snapshot

Youcancombinearestricteduserinterfacewithasnapshottoensurethatusersvirtual machinesalwaysstartinthesamestate.Typically,usersrunningavirtualmachinewith arestricteduserinterfacecanonlypoweritonandoff,andthevirtualmachineboots whenpoweredon.Whenthevirtualmachinehasasnapshotsetandisconfiguredto returntothatsnapshotwhenpoweredoff,theusercanonlystartandpoweroffthe virtualmachine.Thevirtualmachinealwaysstartsfromthesnapshot. To restrict the user interface and return to a snapshot 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachineandbesureitisintheappropriatestate. Createasnapshot. SeeTakeaSnapshotonpage 209.
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Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Configurethevirtualmachinetoreturntothesnapshotanytimeitispoweredoff: ChooseVM>Settings>Options>Snapshot/ReplayandselectAfterPowering OffandReverttoSnapshot. Withthevirtualmachinepoweredoff,restricttheuserinterface,asfollows: a b c ClosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow. Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)inatexteditor. Addthefollowinglineanywhereinthefile.

gui.restricted = "TRUE"
5 6 7
(Optional)Setfilepermissionsontheconfigurationfiletogivenormalusersofthe systemreadonlyaccesstothefile. Createashortcuttotheconfigurationfileonthedesktopandnameit. Runthisvirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheshortcuttotheconfigurationfile. Thevirtualmachinestartsatthesnapshot,withtheuserinterfacerestricted.Users donothaveatoolbaroraccesstotheVM>Powermenuorthevirtualmachine settingseditor.
ChooseFile>Close. Thevirtualmachinepowersoff,andthenexttimeauserpowersiton,itreturnsto thesnapshot.
Disable the Restricted User Interface

DisabletherestricteduserinterfacetomakeitemsintheVMmenuavailabletousers again. To disable the restricted user interface 1 2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow. Opentheconfigurationfile(.vmx)fileanddooneofthefollowing:

Setgui.restricted = "FALSE". Removeorcommentoutthegui.restricted = "TRUE"line.
3 4
Savethechangestotheconfigurationfileandcloseit. Startthevirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheshortcut. Thevirtualmachinestartsatthesnapshot,andtheinterfaceisnotrestricted.
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Making a Virtual Machine Always Use Full Screen Switch Mode

FullscreenswitchmodeisaruntimeoptionforWorkstationonWindowshosts.When Workstationisrunninginfullscreenswitchmode,theuserhasnoaccesstothe Workstationuserinterface.Theusercannotcreate,reconfigure,orlaunchvirtual machines.Asystemadministratorperformsthesefunctions. WhenWorkstationisrunninginfullscreenswitchmode,oneormorevirtualmachines canberunning,andyoucanusehotkeystoswitchfromonetoanother.Youcanalso providehotkeyaccesstothehostoperatingsystem.
Specify Global Configuration Settings for Full Screen Switch Mode

TorunWorkstationinfullscreenswitchmode,youmust,setoneormorepropertiesin theWorkstationglobalconfigurationfile. Theglobalconfigurationfileiscreatedwhenyouchangeanyofthedefaultsettingsin theWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).Thefilelocationdependson thehostoperatingsystem:
OnmostWindowshosts:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
OnmostWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts:
c:\ProgramData\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
To specify global configuration settings for full screen switch mode 1 2 Iftheconfig.inifiledoesnotyetexistonyourhostcomputer,chooseEdit> Preferencesandchangeatleastoneofthesettingsinthepreferenceeditor. Opentheconfig.inifilewithatexteditorandaddatleastoneofthefollowing lines:
fullScreenSwitch.cycleHost = "TRUE" Thissettingcausesthehostoperatingsystemtobeincludedwhenyouusea hotkeyforcyclingthroughpoweredonvirtualmachines.SeeHotKeyfor CyclingThroughVirtualMachinesandtheHostComputeronpage 375.
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FullScreenSwitch.hostDirectKey = "<value>" Usethissettingtodefineahotkeyforswitchingdirectlytothehostoperating system.SeeHostOperatingSystemHotKeyonpage 376.
(Optional)Specifyotherfullscreenswitchmodesettingsyouwanttouse. Tospecifyhotkeysforswitchingtoothervirtualmachinesorthehostcomputer, first,seethefollowingsections,intheorderlisted:

VirtualKeyCodesonpage 373 OtherEntriesintheGlobalConfigurationFileonpage 376
4 5 6
Saveandclosethefile. Setpermissionsonthisfilesothatotheruserscannotchangeit. Openthepreferences.inifilewithatexteditorandaddthefollowinglines:

pref.fullScreen.v5 = "TRUE" pref.autoFitFullScreen = "fitGuestToHost"
OnmostWindowshosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\VMware\preferences.ini
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\VMware\preferences.ini
Tospecifyahotkeyforswitchingtoaspecificvirtualmachine,seeVirtualMachine HotKeyonpage 376.
Virtual Key Codes

ToconfigurehotkeysforusewhenrunningWorkstationinfullscreenswitchmode, youmustspecifythevirtualkeycodeforeachhotkey.Virtualkeycodesuse hexadecimalformat,whichisahexadecimalnumberprecededby0x.Forexample,to usethevirtualkeycodeof5Aasavalue,type0x5A. Microsoftprovidesareferencelistofvirtualkeycodes.Toaccessthisreferencelist, enterthekeywordvirtualkeycodesontheMSDNWebsite. Thehotkeyentriesalsoincludemodifierkeys.ThemodifierkeysareCtrl,Alt,Shift, andWindowskeys.TheWindowskeyisthekeybetweentheCtrlandAltkeys.Youcan alsouseacombinationofthosekeys.Table 171liststhekeycodesformodifierkeys.
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Table 17-1. Modifier Keys for Hot-Key Entries

Modifier Key Nomodifier Alt Ctrl Shift Win(Windows) Ctrl+Alt Alt+Shift Ctrl+Shift Ctrl+Alt+Shift Win+Alt Win+Ctrl Win+Ctrl+Alt Win+Shift Win+Shift+Alt Win+Shift+Ctrl Win+Shift+Ctrl+Alt Hexadecimal Value 0x0 0x1 0x2 0x4 0x8 0x3 0x5 0x6 0x7 0x9 0xa 0xb 0xc 0xd 0xe 0xf
Keepthefollowinglimitationsinmindwhendefiningcyclekeysandswitchkeys:
DonotusethePausekeywiththeCtrlkey.YoucanusethePausekeywithother modifierkeys. IfyouusetheF12key,youmustuseoneormoremodifierkeys.Youcannotusethe F12keyalone. YoucannotusecombinationsthatincludeonlytheShift,Ctrl,andAltkeys.These keyscanbeusedonlyasmodifiersincombinationwithsomeotherkey.
Whenlistingakeyplusamodifier,typethevirtualkeycodeforthekeyfollowedbya commaandtypethevalueforthemodifierkeyorkeys.Forexample,thevalueentry forCtrl+Shift+F1is0x70,0x6.
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Hot Key for Cycling Through Virtual Machines and the Host Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorhotkeycombinationforcyclingthroughtheavailable virtualmachinesonahostcomputerwhenrunningWorkstationinfullscreenswitch mode.Hotkeysbehaveinthefollowingmanner:
Eachtimeyoupressthespecifiedhotkey,thenextvirtualmachineappearsin order.Youcanalsoincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle. Ifanyparticularvirtualmachineisnotrunning,itisskipped. Ifonlyonevirtualmachineisrunningandthehostoperatingsystemisnot includedinthecycle,pressingthehotkeyhasnoeffect.
Thehotkeyforcyclingthroughvirtualmachinesisdefinedintheglobalconfiguration file(config.ini).Twooptionscontrolcycling:
FullScreenSwitch.cycleKey Thevalueofthisoptiondefinesthehotkey.Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>. Ithasnodefault.Forexample,tousethePausekeywithnomodifiertocycle throughvirtualmachines,addthefollowinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodify itsvalueiftheoptionisalreadylisted:

FullScreenSwitch.cycleKey = "0x13,0x0"
FullScreenSwitch.cycleHost SetthisoptiontoTRUEtoincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle.The defaultisFALSE.Forexample,toincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle, addthefollowinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionis alreadylisted:

FullScreenSwitch.cycleHost = "TRUE"
Hot Keys for Switching Directly to Virtual Machines and the Host Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorcombinationofhotkeysforswitchingdirectlytoany availablevirtualmachineonahostcomputerwhenrunningWorkstationinfullscreen switchmode.Eachtimeyoupressthespecifiedhotkey,thescreendisplayswitchesto thatofthespecifiedvirtualmachine.Youcanalsospecifyahotkeyforswitching directlytothehostoperatingsystem.
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Virtual Machine Hot Key

Youdefinethehotkeyusedtoswitchtoavirtualmachinebyaddingalocal configurationsettinginthevirtualmachines.vmxfile. Usethefollowingformat:
<option> = "<value>"
Entriesintheconfigurationfilescanappearinanyorder.Thevalueofthisoption definesthehotkey.Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>.Ithasnodefault. Forexample,touseCtrl+Shift+F1toswitchtoaparticularvirtualmachine,addthe followinglinetothatvirtualmachines.vmxfileormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionis alreadylisted:

FullScreenSwitch.directKey = "0x70,0x6"
Ifanyparticularvirtualmachineisnotrunning,pressingthehotkeyforthatvirtual machinehasnoeffect.
Host Operating System Hot Key

Youdefinethehotkeyusedtoswitchtothehostoperatingsystembyaddingalineto theglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini).Thevalueofthisoptiondefinesthehotkey. Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>.Ithasnodefault. Forexample,touseCtrl+Shift+F9toswitchtothehostoperatingsystem,addthe followinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionisalreadylisted:
FullScreenSwitch.hostDirectKey = "0x78,0x6"
Other Entries in the Global Configuration File

Theglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini)entriesinTable 172areoptional.They enableyoutocontrolcertainfunctionsofthevirtualmachinethatareimportantin workenvironmentswherevirtualmachinesneedtobeisolatedfromeachotherand fromthehostcomputer.
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Table 17-2. Optional Global Configuration File Entries

Option Isolation.tools.copy.disable Description Thisoptiondetermineswhetherdatain onevirtualmachineorthehostoperating systemcanbecopiedtoanothervirtual machineortothehostoperatingsystem. Thisoptiondetermineswhetherdata copiedinonevirtualmachineorthehost operatingsystemcanbepastedinto anothervirtualmachineorthehost operatingsystem. WhensettoTRUE,thisoptionspecifiesthat foldersharingisdisabledbydefault. Foldersharingisonemethodofsharing filesamongvirtualmachinesandwiththe hostcomputer. SetthispropertytoTRUEsothatdialog boxesusuallygeneratedbyMicrosoft WindowsSecureAttentionSequence(SAS) arenotdisplayedbutarepassedontothe guestiftheguesthaskeyboardfocus. SetthispropertytoTRUEtoallowthehost operatingsystemtorunitsscreensaver whenitdeterminesthatthemachineis idle. SetthispropertytoTRUEtosuppressany Workstationdialogboxesthatotherwise appear.Thedefaultanswerisselectedin thesedialogboxes. Default Setting TRUE
Isolation.tools.paste.disable
TRUE
Isolation.tools.HGFS.disable
TRUE
mks.CtlAltDel.ignore
mks.fullscreen.allScreenSaver
msg.autoAnswer
Using vmware-fullscreen to Run a Virtual Machine

Usethevmware-fullscreencommandtorunWorkstationinfullscreenswitchmode andtostartandstopvirtualmachinesonauserscomputer.Thecommandcanpass certaininformationtothevirtualmachinewhenitstarts. Asadministrator,youmustdecidehowtoissuethecommand.Forexample,youcan useacustomapplicationorscriptrunningonthehostoperatingsystemtoissueoneor morevmware-fullscreencommands.Oryoucanincludethecommandtostarta virtualmachineinashortcutinthehostoperatingsystemsstartupgroup,sothevirtual machinestartswhentheuserlogsintothehostcomputer.
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Issuethevmware-fullscreencommandonceforeachvirtualmachineyouwantto startorstop.Thesyntaxforthiscommandis:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware-fullscreen.exe [-poweron <parameters> | -poweroff <parameters> | -exit | -switchto <paramters> | -query | -listvms]
YoucantypethesecommandsattheWindowscommandpromptorcreatescriptsto runmultiplecommands. Table 173describestheavailableoptionsandparameters. Table 17-3. Command-Line Options for the vmware-fullscreen Program
Option -poweron or -fullscreen Parameters "<config-file>" Description Powersonthevirtualmachine,where"<config-file>" isrequiredandspecifiesthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. With-poweron,theuserseesnoimmediateindication whenthevirtualmachinestarts,buttheusercanswitchto thevirtualmachinewithitsdirectswitchkeyorwiththe cyclekey. With-fullscreen,thevirtualmachinegoestofullscreen modeimmediatelyinsteadofrunninginvisiblyuntilthe userswitchestoitlater. -s <variable>=<value> (Optional)Setsthespecifiedvariabletothespecified value.Anyvariablenamesandvaluesthatarevalidinthe configurationfilecanbespecifiedonthecommandline withthe-sswitch. (Optional)Givesanaliastothevirtualmachine.Youcan theusethataliasin-switchtoand-poweroff commands. (Optional)Specifiesthevirtualmachinesdirectswitch key.Ifadirectswitchkeyisspecifiedinthevirtual machinesconfigurationfile,thecommandlineoverrides theconfigurationfile.Thefollowingisanexampleofthis switch: directkey=0x70,0x6 -poweroff "<config-file>" or <alias> -exit Powersoffthespecifiedvirtualmachine.Tospecifythe virtualmachine,useeitherthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileorthealiasifyou definedonebyusingthe-nameswitch. PowersoffallvirtualmachinesandexitsWorkstation.
-name=<alias>
-directkey=<keyspec>
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Table 17-3. Command-Line Options for the vmware-fullscreen Program (Continued)

Option -switchto Parameters Description Dependingontheparameteryouuse,switchestothe specifiedvirtualmachine,hostoperatingsystem,ornext machine(virtualmachineorhost)inthecyclingorder.A virtualmachinemustbepoweredonbeforeyoucan switchtoit. "<config-file>" Switchestothevirtualmachine,where "<config-file>"specifiesthefullpathtothevirtual machinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. Switchestothevirtualmachine,where<alias>specifies thealiasyoudefinedbyusingthe-nameswitch. Switchestothehostoperatingsystem. Switchestothenextmachineinthecyclingorder. DetermineswhetherWorkstationisrunninginfullscreen switchmode.Ifso,alsodisplaystheprocessIDand windowhandle. Listsallvirtualmachinesthatarecurrentlypoweredon. Thelistisaddedtothevmware-fullscreenlogfile.
<alias> host next -qu -query
-listvms
vmware-fullscreen Log File

Thevmware-fullscreenprogramwritestoalogfile.Thislogfilerecordserrors reportedbyvmware-fullscreenasitstarts,stops,andpassesothercommandsto Workstation.Itisseparatefromthevmware.logfile,whichstoresinformationonthe runningvirtualmachines. Thenameofthevmware-fullscreenlogfileisvmware-<username>-<pid>.log.By default,thevmware-fullscreenlogfileisinthetempdirectoryfortheuserloggedin tothehostcomputer.ThislocationmightbespecifiedintheTEMPenvironment variable.Thedefaultlocationis:
OnWindowsXPhosts: C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp
OnWindowsVistaandWindows7hosts: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Temp\
Theadministratorcanspecifyadifferentlocationforthislogfilebyaddingthe followinglinetotheWorkstationglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini):
fullScreenSwitch.log.filename="<path>"
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VMwarerecommendsusingafullpath.Ifyouusearelativepath,thelocationisrelative tothedirectorythatisactivewhenthevmware-fullscreencommandisissuedforthe firsttimeafterthehostcomputerreboots.
Guest ACPI S1 Sleep

WorkstationprovidesexperimentalsupportforguestoperatingsystemACPIS1sleep. Notallguestoperatingsystemssupportthisfeature.Commonguestoperatingsystem interfacesforenteringstandbyaresupported. Bydefault,ACPIS1sleepisimplementedinWorkstationassuspend.Youcanusethe WorkstationResumebuttontowaketheguest. Withthefollowingentryintheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforavirtualmachine,ACPIS1 sleepisinsteadimplementedaspoweronsuspend:
chipset.onlineStandby = TRUE
Theguestoperatingsystemisnotfullypowereddown.Youcanawakenthevirtual machineinthefollowingways:

Keyboardinput Mouseinput ProgrammingtheCMOSexternaltimer
Thisfeaturecanbeusefulfortestanddevelopmentscenarios.
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Learning the Basics of VMware ACE
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ThischapterprovidesanoverviewofhowtouseWorkstationtocreateanddeploy virtualmachinesforendusers.ACE(AssuredComputingEnvironment)featuresare availableonlyintheversionofWorkstationthatrunsonWindowshosts.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

BenefitsofUsingVMwareACEonpage 381 NetworkandDiskSpaceRequirementsfortheAdministrativeWorkstationon page 384 OverviewofCreatingandDeployingACEPackagesonpage 385 OverviewoftheACEUserInterfaceonpage 386 TroubleshootingUsersProblemsonpage 387
Benefits of Using VMware ACE

VMwareACEisasoftwaresolutionthatenablesorganizationstodeployandmanage secure,platformindependentvirtualmachinesthatenduserscanuseontheirwork PC,personalcomputer,orevenaportableUSBmediadevice.Enduserscanbeeither connectedtoordisconnectedfromtheenterprisenetwork. VMwareACEenablessafeaccesstoenterpriseresourcesfromassuredcomputing environments.TheseisolatedPCenvironmentsrunontopofexistingPCs.Theassured computingenvironment(ACE)containsanoperatingsystem,enterpriseapplications, andpreconfiguredsecuritysettings.
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Withvirtualrightsmanagement,builtincopyprotectioncontrols,andautomatic encryption,VMwareACEhelpspreventtheft,tampering,andunauthorizedcopyingof applications,data,systemsettings,andfiles.Administratorscanprotectdataand ensurecompliancewithITpolicies,includingsoftwarelifecyclemanagementand accesstodataandapplications.
Key Features of VMware ACE

ThekeyfeaturesofVMwareACEincludemanageability,security,andusability.
Manageability
CreatestandardizedhardwareindependentPCenvironmentsanddeploythemto anyPCthroughouttheextendedenterprise. Controlthevirtualmachineslifecycle,securitysettings,networksettings,system configuration,anduserinterfacecapabilities. Trackinstancesthroughtheuserinterface.Viewandmanagetheactivation, expiration,andotherpoliciesofinstancesmanagedwithACEManagement Server.
Security
Rulesbasednetworkaccessletsyouidentifyandquarantineunauthorizedor outofdateACEinstances.EnableaccesstothenetworkoncetheACEinstance complieswithITpolicies. TamperresistantcomputingenvironmentprotectstheentireACEinstanceand package,includingdataandsystemconfiguration,withseamlessencryption. Copyprotectedcomputingenvironmentpreventsusersfromcopyingenterprise information. RolesbasedSSLcommunicationprovidesasecureprotocolbetweentheACE ManagementServerandclient. ResourcesigningletsyouspecifythatACEResourcefilesbeprotectedfromall tampering.
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Chapter 18 Learning the Basics of VMware ACE
Usability
Thecustomizableinterfaceletsyoucustomizethebehaviorandlookandfeelfor users. PocketACEletsyoustoreacomputingenvironmentonportabledevicessuchas USBkeys(flashmemorydrives),AppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices,andportable harddrives.Youcanplugtheportabledeviceintoanyx86PC. Theflexiblecomputingenvironmentletsusersreverttoapreviousstatewithin secondsandcanworkwhenconnectedordisconnectedfromtheenterprise network.
VMware ACE Terminology

ThefollowingtermsareusedfrequentlyinthechaptersdescribingVMwareACE features:
ACEenabledvirtualmachineAvirtualmachinetemplatethattheACE administratorcreates.TheACEenabledvirtualmachinecanbeconfiguredwith variouspolicies,devices,anddeploymentsettingsandthenusedasthebasisfor creatinganynumberofpackagestobesenttoACEusers. ACEinstanceThevirtualmachinethatACEadministratorscreate,associatewith policies,andactivateonenduserscomputers.AnACEinstancethatismanaged byACEManagementServerisamanagedACEinstance.AnACEinstancethatis notmanagedbyACEManagementServerisastandaloneACEinstance. (Optional)ACEManagementServerTheACEManagementServerenablesyou tomanageACEinstances,topublishpolicychangestodynamicallyupdatethose instances,andtotestanddeploypackagesmoreeasily.ACEManagementServer addsnewintegrationwithActiveDirectorysetupsandprovidessecureActive DirectoryandLDAPintegration,withrolebasedsecureSSLcommunication. Formoreinformation,seetheVMwareACEManagementServerAdministrators Guide.
PocketACEEnablesanadministratortobundleanddeployanACEinstance ontoaUSBportablemediadevice,includingUSBflashdrives,AppleiPodmobile digitaldevices,andportableharddrives.
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Network and Disk Space Requirements for the Administrative Workstation

Asanadministrator,youuseWorkstationtocreateandmanagethevirtualmachines youdistributetoendusers.Followingisalistofprerequisitesforthemachinethathosts Workstation:
Ifyourcompanyalreadyhasalibraryofstandardvirtualmachines,youneed networkaccesstothatlibraryfromyourhostcomputer. Ifyouarecreatingvirtualmachines,youneedaccesstoinstallersfortheguest operatingsystemsandapplicationsoftwarethatyouplantoinstallinthevirtual machines. YoucaninstalloperatingsystemsfromCDs,DVDs,ISOimagefilesonalocaldrive oronthenetwork,oraPXEserver.YoucaninstallapplicationsoftwarefromCDs, DVDs,orinstallersonalocaldriveoronthenetwork.
Youneedtoprovideadequatediskspaceforvirtualmachinefilesandpackage files.Thefilesforeachvirtualmachinecanbeaslargeasseveralgigabytes.The packagefilescanalsobelarge.Thedefaultlocationforthepackagefilesisthe Packagesfolderinsidethevirtualmachinesfolder. Workstationneedsasubstantialamountoftemporaryworkingspacewhenit createsapackage.Thetotaldiskspacerequiredisabouttwicethecombinedsizes ofallthecomponentsofthepackage.TheNewPackagewizarddisplays informationabouttheamountofspaceneededandthelocationswherethespace isneeded. WorkstationmustbeinstalledonaWindowshost.
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Overview of Creating and Deploying ACE Packages

Thefollowingisanoverviewofthetasksyoumustperformtocreate,deploy,and manageACEinstances. 1 WithWorkstationonaWindowshost,createorcloneavirtualmachinethatmeets therequirementsofyourendusers. Theproceduresarethesameasforanyvirtualmachine.Forthenetworktype, VMwarerecommendsusingNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT)orbridged networkingwithanIPaddressaDHCPserverprovides. 2 Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff,displaythesummaryviewforthe virtualmachine,andclickEnableACEFeaturesintheCommandslist. ACEspecificcommandsareaddedtotheCommandslistinthesummaryview, andtheVM>ACEmenuisenabled. 3 UsetheVM>Settingsmenutoconfigurethevirtualmachine. (Optional)UsetheACEOptionssettingspaneltoassociatethevirtualmachine withanACEManagementServer.Youcanthenusetheservertoactivateandtrack instancesandmakechangestopolicies,instancecustomizationdata,andother dataforeachACEinstance. BecausemanagedACEinstancescheckperiodicallyforupdates,theupdatesare dynamic.Youdonotneedtocreateanddeploynewupdatepackages.Seethe VMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. 4 Installaguestoperatingsystem,VMwareTools,andothersoftwareinthevirtual machine. Theproceduresarethesameasforanyvirtualmachine.Forguestoperating systemsupportandknownissues,gototheVMwareWebsite,andclickthe Support&Downloadstab.UnderSupportResources,clicktheCompatibility Guideslink. 5 SetpoliciesfortheACEinstance. PoliciescontrolsuchthingsaswhatnetworkaccessendusershavefromACE instancesandwhatdevicesontheirhostcomputerstheymayuseintheinstances. SeeChapter 19,SettingandUsingPoliciesandCustomizingVMwarePlayer,on page 389. 6 SpecifydeploymentsettingsfortheACEinstance. Deploymentsettingscontrolsuchthingsasencryption,packagelifetime,and securityIDs.SeeChapter 20,DeployingACEPackages,onpage 435.
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Createpackagestodeploytoendusers. Workstationguidesyouthroughtheprocess.SeeCreatingaPackageon page 449orChapter 21,PocketACE,onpage 457.
Distributepackagestoendusers. DistributethepackagesonCD,DVD,orportablemedia,ormakethemavailable onanetwork.SeeDeployPackagesonpage 456orDeployingtheACEPackage onaPortableDeviceonpage 461.
InstallACEinstancesonendusersmachines. SeeInstallingACEPackagesonpage 465orRunthePocketACEInstanceon page 463. YoucaninstallmultipleACEinstancesonthesamemachine.Theycanbefrom differentvendorsandbegovernedbydifferentpolicies.Youcanalsouninstall individualACEinstancesorWorkstationwhileleavingotherACEinstances installed.
10 Keepusersuptodate. Ifyouneedtoupdatetheguestoperatingsystem,updateaprogramrunning insidetheACEinstance,orchangepoliciessetfortheACEpackage,youcancreate anddistributeanewpackage. Packageupdatesdonotupgradethevirtualmachineversion.Youcanuseapackage updatetoprovideenduserswithVMwareACE2.7policies,buttheupdatepackage doesnotupdateACEPlayerorthevirtualmachinetoversion2.7.
Overview of the ACE User Interface

Useanyofthefollowingmethodstoaccessthepolicyeditor,deploymentsettings editor,andpackagingwizards:
SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseacommandfromthe VM > ACEmenu. InthesummaryviewfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine,clickanACErelated commandintheCommandslist. TheACEtabinthesummaryviewliststhecurrentsettingsforpoliciesand deployment.
ClickabuttonintheACEtoolbar. RightclicktheACEenabledvirtualmachineinthesidebarandchoosean ACErelatedcommand.

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ACEManagementServerhastwointerfaces:
InWorkstation,selectanACEManagementServerinthesidebartodisplaythe instanceview. UsetheVMwareHelpDeskapplication.Becausethisinterfaceisbrowserbased, youcanuseitfrommachinesthatdonothaveWorkstationinstalled.
Bothinterfacesofferthesamebasicfunctionality.Administratorscanviewandcontrol allmanagedACEinstances.Anadvancedsearchfunctionallowsyoutolocate instancesinthedatabasequickly.Youcancustomizetheinterfacebyaddingsearchable customfields.SeetheVMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Troubleshooting Users Problems

Endusersmightneedhelpwithlostpasswords,expiredACEinstances,or copyprotectedACEinstancesthattheyhavemovedtoadifferentlocation. Useoneofthefollowingmethodstofixthoseproblems:
ManagedACEinstancesUseACEManagementServer.SeetheVMwareACE ManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. StandaloneACEinstancesUsethevmware-acetoolcommandlineprogramto fixthoseproblemsdirectlyontheusersmachines.SeeUsingthevmwareacetool CommandLineToolonpage 479. Youcanalsousethehotfixfeaturetorespondtotheseproblems.SeeSetting HotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstancesonpage 421andRespondtoHot FixRequestsonpage 481.
YoumightfinditusefultomodifytheconfigurationofanACEinstanceonan enduserscomputer.Administratormodeenablesyoutoaccessandusethevirtual machinesettingseditorwhenrunningtheACEinstancewithVMwarePlayeronthe userscomputer.SeeSettingAdministratorModePoliciesonpage 419.
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Setting and Using Policies and Customizing VMware Player
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ThischapterdescribeshowtosetpoliciesforanACEenabledvirtualmachineand customizetheVMwarePlayerinterfaceforendusers.Thischapterincludesthe followingtopics:

BenefitsofUsingPoliciesonpage 390 SetPoliciesforACEInstancesonpage 390 SettingAccessControlPoliciesonpage 391 SettingHosttoGuestDataScriptPoliciesonpage 397 SettingExpirationPoliciesonpage 399 SettingCopyProtectionPoliciesonpage 400 SettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 401 SettingNetworkAccessPoliciesonpage 402 SettingRemovableDevicesPoliciesonpage 411 SettingUSBDevicePoliciesonpage 412 SettingVirtualPrinterPoliciesonpage 414 SettingRuntimePreferencesPoliciesonpage 415 SettingSnapshotPoliciesonpage 418 SettingAdministratorModePoliciesonpage 419 SettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 420 SettingHotFixPoliciesforStandaloneACEInstancesonpage 421 SettingthePolicyUpdateFrequencyforManagedACEInstancesonpage 421 ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHostonpage 422 WritingPlugInPolicyScriptsonpage 424 CustomizingtheVMwarePlayerInterfaceonWindowsHostsOnlyonpage 429
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Benefits of Using Policies

PoliciesgiveyoucontrolovermanyaspectsoftheACEinstancesyoudistributetoend users.Forexample,youcansetpoliciesforthefollowingsecuritypurposes:
PermittheACEinstancetobeusedonlybycertainusersandgroupsdefinedinan ActiveDirectorydomain. Specifywhichnetworkresourcesendusersmayaccessfromthevirtualmachine. Permituserstoconnectanddisconnectcertainremovabledevicesconfiguredfor thevirtualmachine. SetanexpirationdateforanACEinstance.
Yousetpolicieswiththepolicyeditor.Youcanchangesomeorallofthepoliciesforan ACEinstanceatanytimebyeditingthepoliciesandcreatinganddistributinganew packagethatcontainsonlythepolicies. ForACEenabledvirtualmachinesthatACEManagementServermanages,youcan dynamicallychangesomepoliciesanddeploythosechangestotheACEinstanceson usersmachines.
Set Policies for ACE Instances

PolicysettingsofferseverallevelsofsecurityfordailyuseofACEinstances.For informationabouttheencryptionaspectofsecurity,seeEditDeploymentSettingson page 435. Beforeyoucanusethepolicyeditoronavirtualmachine,youmustenableACE featuresforthatvirtualmachine.SeeOverviewofCreatingandDeployingACE Packagesonpage 385. To set policies for ACE instances 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Policies. Inthepolicyeditor,selectaniteminthePolicylist. CompletethesettingspanelforthatpolicyandeitherclickOKorselectanother policytoedit. Forassistancewiththefieldsonasettingspanel,clickHelp.
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Chapter 19 Setting and Using Policies and Customizing VMware Player
Setting Access Control Policies

ActivationandauthenticationpoliciescontrolaccesstoinstalledACEpackagesandthe instancescreatedfromthosepackages.Theactivationpolicyspecifieswhocanaccess aninstalledACEpackageandturnitintoanACEinstance.Theauthenticationpolicy specifieswhocanrunanACEinstance. Thesettingsyouchooseforthesepoliciesdeterminethedefaultsettingsforpackage andencryptionpolicies,whichprotecttheACEpackagesandfilesintransit.See EncryptionSettingsonpage 436. Thesettingsforthesepoliciesandhowtheyareimplementedvarydependingonhow yourACEinstancesaremanagedand(optionally)tracked.Thepossiblemanagement setupsare:
Server,withActiveDirectoryACEinstancesaremanagedbyanACE ManagementServer,andtheserverisintegratedwithActiveDirectory. AnendusermustenterActiveDirectoryusercredentialseachtimetheACE instanceisrun.Onlytheuserwhoactivatestheinstancecanauthenticate(run)the instance.TheactivationstepisperformedwheneveranACEpackageisinstalled.
Server,noActiveDirectoryACEinstancesaremanagedbyanACE ManagementServer,andtheserverisnotintegratedwithActiveDirectory. Theadministratorchooseswhethertheendusermustenterapasswordtoactivate theACEinstanceandrunit.
StandaloneACEinstancesarestandalone,whichmeanstheyarenotmanaged byaserver. Theadministratorchooseswhethertheendusermustenterapasswordtoactivate theACEinstanceandrunit.
IfyouuseACEManagementServer,theserveralsoverifiesthefollowingitemsbefore theinstanceisallowedtorun:
Therevocationflagisnotsetandtheinstanceisnotblockedfromrunningbecause ofanypolicyerrors. Theexpirationdatesetfortheinstance,ifany,hasnotbeenreached.SeeSetting ExpirationPoliciesonpage 399.
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Create or Edit an Access Control Policy

AfteryouenableACEfeaturesforavirtualmachine,youcancreateapolicytocontrol whichenduserscanaccessaninstalledACEpackageandturnitintoanACEinstance. ThispolicyalsocontrolswhichuserscanpoweronanACEinstance. To create or edit an access control policy 1 2 3 4 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Policies. Inthepolicyeditor,selectAccessControlandcompletethefieldsinthesettings panel. ClickOK. VerifythatthenewsettingsappearcorrectlyontheACEtabinthevirtual machinessummaryview. Ifyouchangeanactivationsetting,thepolicytakeseffectwhenanewinstance fromthispackageisinstalledandactivated.Youcanalsoeditanimported keywordlist. 5 (Optional)Tochangetheauthenticationsettingfromonetypetoanother,createa policyupdatepackageanddistributeittotheuser.
Activation Settings
UseactivationsettingstocontrolwhichuserscanactivateanACEinstanceafteritis installed.Theactivationdateisusedfortheexpirationpolicy. IfyouuseanACEManagementServerwithActiveDirectory,thecontrolsinthe ActivationsectionenableyoutoopentheActiveDirectoryUsersandGroupsdialog box.ThemachineonwhichWorkstationrunsmustbeinthesamedomainforwhich theACEManagementServerisconfigured.Userlistchangesareeffectiveatthenext startupoftheinstance. IfyoudonotuseActiveDirectoryorifyouarecreatingstandaloneACEinstances,the settingspanelincludesthefollowingoptionsforactivationpasswordsorkeys:

NoneNopasswordorkeyisrequired.Anyusercanactivatethisinstance. PasswordTheusermustenterthepasswordthattheadministratorusesto activatethisACEinstance.Youmustprovidetheuserwiththepasswordthrough emailorothermeans. ForstandaloneACEenabledvirtualmachines,yousetthepasswordduringthe packagingprocess.
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ActivationkeyThisoptionisavailableifyouuseACEManagementServer withoutActiveDirectoryintegration.Youspecifyoneormorekeysandtheend usermustenterakeythatisinthatlist. Activationkeysarelicensekeys(freeformstrings)thatcanbetrackedasusedor unusedbytheserver.Youcanenterthekeysorimportthemfromatextfile. Toimportkeys,youneedatextfilethatcontainsthelistofactivationtokens.Each tokenisonelineinthefile.Blanklinesareignored. ForanACEenabledvirtualmachine,Allowmultipleactivationsperkeyis selectedbydefault.TorestrictallowingmultipleactivationofanACEenabled virtualmachineperkey,deselectthisoption.
Authentication Settings
Theauthenticationstepisperformedwhenevertheuserrunstheinstance,unless AuthenticationissettoNone. IfyouuseACEManagementServerwithActiveDirectory,thecontrolsinthe AuthenticationsectionenableyoutoopentheActiveDirectoryUsersandGroups dialogbox.ThemachineonwhichWorkstationrunsmustbeinthesamedomainthat whichACEManagementServerisconfiguredfor. IfyoudonotuseActiveDirectoryorifyouarecreatingstandaloneACEinstances,the settingspanelincludesthefollowingoptionsforauthenticationcontrol:
NoneNopasswordisrequired.Anyusercanrunthisinstanceafteritis activated. UserspecifiedpasswordTheinstancedoesnotrununtiltheuserentersthe correctpassword.Eachusermustsetapasswordduringactivation,thefirsttime theinstanceispoweredon. Youcancreatepasswordpoliciestocontrolsuchthingsastheminimumnumber ofcharacters,typesofcharacters,andnumberofpasswordattemptsbeforethe userislockedoutforaspecifiedamountoftime.
ScriptAcustomauthenticationscriptisruntodeterminewhocanusethe instance.SeeUsinganAuthenticationScriptonpage 394. AuthenticateagainwhenhostresumesfromsuspendstateEnablesordisables authenticationforACEinstancesifthehostisresumedfromasuspendedstate. ThisoptionisavailableforstandaloneACEinstance,managedACEinstance withoutActivedirectory,andmanagedACEinstancewithActivedirectory.
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Using an Authentication Script

Youcancreateacustomauthenticationscriptthatrunsontheenduserscomputerto determinewhocanusetheinstance. Torequirethattheusersignsthescriptbeforedeploymenttopreventtampering,seta resourcesigningpolicy.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 401. Forinstructionsoncreatinganddeployingthescript,seeSpecifyaScriptanda CommandtoRunItonpage 398.
Include a Power-On and Power-Off Script in the Package

YoucanprovideascriptthatrunswhenanACEinstancepowersonthatdetermines whethertheACEinstancecanberun.YoucanprovideascriptthatrunswhenanACE instancepowersofftoresetanychangesmadetothehostfromapoweronscript,reset authenticationsettings,orperformotherproceduresastheinstancepowersoff. Torequirethattheusersignsthescriptbeforedeploymenttopreventtampering,seta resourcesigningpolicy.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 401. Thepoweronorpoweroffscriptprovidesacustomizablewayofcontrollingaccessto anACEinstanceinadditiontotheauthenticationpolicy. To include a power-on and power-off script in the package 1 2 3 4 5 CreatethescriptandsaveitintheACE Resourcesfolder. Ontheaccesscontrolpolicypage,selectScriptandclickPoweron/offscripts. Selectoneorbothcheckboxesforthescriptsyouwanttorun. ClickSettospecifythepathtothescriptandenterthecommandtorunthescript. Ifyouareenablingapoweronorpoweroffscriptafteryoudeployedpackages, provideanupdatepackageoracustompackagefortheACE Resourcesdirectory.
Whenthescriptrunsontheuserssystem,thescriptprintsTRUEforpoweronor FALSEforpoweroff.Itmustalsoconformtostandardscriptexitcoderules.The followingisanexampleofapoweronscript:

# VMware Sample Script # # Sample script for ACE power-on hook # # Description: # This sample script implements a power-on hook for ACE. This can be used # in addition to authentication to control the circumstances under which an # ACE is allowed to run.
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# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
This script assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns TRUE if the user is allowed to run, and FALSE otherwise. Input to script: None. Returns: TRUE if username is on white list. FALSE if username is not on white list or is undefined. Expected output: One of the strings "TRUE" or "FALSE"
my @white_list = ("alan", "bob", "mary", "sonia", "chris"); my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "FALSE"; exit(0); } my @grepNames = grep(/$username/, @white_list); if (@grepNames == 1) { print "TRUE"; exit(0); } print "FALSE"; exit(0);
Scriptscanbeinanylanguage.Forexample,youcanusea.batfileonWindows operatingsystemsorperlorshonLinuxoperatingsystems.Ascriptprovides WorkstationwithacommandlineexecutablefileorascriptfileintheACE Resources directory.Theguidelinesascriptmustfollowdependonwhichpolicythescriptis implementing. Thescriptmustexitwitha0(zero)valuetobeconsideredasuccess.Anyotheroutput resultsinfailure.Uponsuccess,thestdoutoutputofthescriptisexamined.Foragiven policy,thisshouldbeaspecificvaluesuchasTRUEorFALSE.Forapoweronscript, outputshouldbeTRUEorFALSE.Theauthenticationscriptoutputisusedasa password.Thehosttoguestdatascriptisastringinaparticularformatsuchas guestinfo.var1="value1"\nguestinof.var2="value2".
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Set a Recovery Key for Encrypted ACE Instances

YoucanspecifythekeytobeusedforaccesstoencryptedACEinstances.Thiskey enablesyoutoresetthepasswordforadeployedACEinstance,activateanexpired instance,andrunacopyprotectedinstance. To set a recovery key for encrypted ACE instances 1 2 3 Ontheaccesscontrolpolicypage,clickRecoverykey. IntheRecoveryKeydialogbox,selectUserecoverykey. Dooneofthefollowing:
TouseanexistingPEMformatkeypair,clickBrowseforExistingKeyand navigatetothepublickeyofthepairtouse. TocreateaPEMformatkeypair,clickCreateNewRecoveryKeyand completethedialogboxthatappears.
ClickOKtogeneratethekeys. Afterseveralseconds,thenewlygeneratedpublickeyislistedinthefieldonthe RecoveryKeytab.Thetwopartsofthekeyarestoredinthelocationyouindicated, withthenamesyouspecifiedfollowedbytheextensions.pubforthepublickey and.privfortheprivatekey.
Recordtheprivatekeypasswordandlocationoftheprivatekeyfilesothatyoucan supplyitifyouneedtoresetapassword.
Set Activation Limit

TheactivationlimitisthemaximumnumberofACEinstancesthatcanbeactivated fromthespecifiedACEenabledvirtualmachine.Thisoptionisavailableifyouuse ACEManagementServer. To set an activation limit 1 Ontheaccesscontrolpolicypage,underActivationlimit,inTotalnumberof activations,choosehowmanyinstancescanbeactivatedfromthisACEenabled virtualmachine. Youcanusethedropdownmenuortypeinanumber. 2 SelectAllowmultipleactivationperusertoallowusersmultipleactivationofthe ACEenabledvirtualmachine. ThisoptionisavailableforanACEinstancemanagedbyACEManagementServer withActiveDirectory.
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Active Directory Password Change Proxying

YoucanprovideadditionalsecurityforyourACEinstancesbyintegratingwithActive Directory. Youcanspecifypasswordexpirationandchangerequirements,setupthedomainto expirepasswords,andrequirepasswordchangesperiodically.Thesesettingsarein additiontoACEaccesscontrolpolicysettings. IncasesinwhichActiveDirectoryusersneedtochangetheirpasswords,youcan configureACEManagementServerasanActiveDirectorypasswordchangeproxy.In thismode,ACEManagementServermakesthepasswordchangerequesttotheActive Directorydomaincontrollerontheusersbehalf.
Setting Host to Guest Data Script Policies

YoucanprovideahosttoguestdatascriptthatrunswhentheACEinstanceispowered on.Itpassesvaluestotheguest.Usethispolicysettingtosharespecifichost informationwiththeguestoperatingsystemwhentheACEinstanceispoweredon. Thescript,whichrunsonthehost,shouldoutputasetofkeyvaluepairs,which becomeavailabletotheapplicationsthatarerunninginsidetheguest.TheVMware Toolsserviceprovidesthisability.Thesetofacceptablekeysconsistsofmachine.id andkeysprefixedwithguestinfo,suchasguestinfo.ipAddress. Keyscancontainalphanumericcharactersandsymbols,includingtheperiod(.), underscore(_),backslash(\)andpipe(|)characters.Thenewline,#,space,and forwardslash(/)charactersareinvalidforthekey.Valuescancontainalphanumeric characters.The#,space,andpipe(|)charactersareinvalidforthekey.Anykeyvalue pairthatcontainsinvalidcharactersisignoredsilently. Sincespacesareinvalid,usingaphraselikeMy Documentsaspartofafolderpathvalue doesnotwork.Instead,enclosethephraseinquotationmarks:MyDocuments Alternatively,youcanusetheshort8.3DOSname(inthiscase,mydoc~1),whichdoes notcontainaspace.Toobtaintheshort8.3DOSnamesforthesubdirectoriesina directory,enterdir /x atthecommandprompt.
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To query key values that have already been set Dooneofthefollowing:
FromaWindowsguest,enterthefollowingatacommandprompt:
cd "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools" vmtoolsd.exe --cmd "machine.id.get" vmtoolsd.exe --cmd "info-get guestinfo.<key_to_query>" vmtoolsd.exe --cmd "info-get guestinfo.script_status"
FromaLinuxguest,enterthefollowingatacommandprompt:
vmtoolsd --cmd "machine.id.get" vmtoolsd --cmd "info-get guestinfo.<key_to_query>" vmtoolsd --cmd "info-get guestinfo.script_status"
IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineforaninstanceisconfiguredforbothWindowsand Linuxplatforms,youcanprovidescriptsforbothWindowsandLinuxsystems. Changestoascriptrequirethatyoudeployanupdatepackagethatincludesthenew script. Forinstructionsoncreatinganddeployingthescript,seeSpecifyaScriptanda CommandtoRunItonpage 398.
Specify a Script and a Command to Run It

Theprocedureforusingauthenticationscriptsandhostguestdatascriptsisidentical. Usethisprocedureforthefollowingscripts:
AccesscontrolauthenticationscriptCustomauthenticationscriptthatrunson theenduserscomputertodeterminewhocanusetheACEinstance. IfyouplantousethescriptwithaPocketACEthatwillrunonbothWindowsand Linuxhosts,makesurethatthescriptoutputsonbothplatformsareexactlythe same,includingcharactersforlineendingsornewlines.
HostguestdatascriptScriptforsharinghostinformationsuchasthehost machineIDandIPaddresswithapplicationsthatrunontheguest.
To specify a script and a command to run it 1 2 CreatethescriptandsaveitintheACE Resourcesdirectoryinsidethevirtual machinesdirectory. InWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE> Policies.
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Inthepolicyeditor,dooneofthefollowing:
Ifthescriptisacustomauthenticationscript,selectAccessControlandinthe Authenticationsection,selectScriptandclickSetScript. Ifthescriptisforpassinghostinformationtotheguest,selectHostGuest DataScript,selectRunahostguestscriptatpoweron,andclickSet.
Inthedialogboxthatappears,browsetothescriptfileandclickOpen. IfthedeploymentplatformsettinginthedeploymentsettingseditorissettoBoth WindowsandLinux,thisdialogboxcontainstextfieldsforbothWindowsand Linux.
Typethecommandforrunningthescript. Includethescriptfileinthecommandline,aswellasanyneededexecutablefile forrunningthescriptandanyargumentstothescript.
(Optional)SelectTimeoutandtypeatimeoutintervalinseconds,incasethescript doesnotruntocompletion. Theuserisdeniedaccessifthetimeoutintervalelapsesbeforethescriptrunsto completion.
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ClickOK. IfyouareenablingthisscriptforanACEenabledvirtualmachinethatyoualready deployed,dooneofthefollowing:
Forstandaloneinstances,includethescriptintheupdatepackageyou distributetoendusers. Formanagedinstances,useapolicyandserverupdatepackageoracustom packagethatincludestheACE Resourcesdirectorytoprovideenduserswith thescript.
Setting Expiration Policies

Expirationpoliciesareuseful,forinstance,ifyouwanttopreventacontractemployee fromusingavirtualmachinepastacertaindateorformorethanacertainnumberof days. Whenaninstanceexpires,thefilesremainontheuserscomputer,buttheinstance cannotbeused.Thisway,theusercanrequestanextensiontotheexpirationdate. Ifyouspecifyadaterange,theinstancecanbepoweredonandrunnoearlierorlater thanthestartandenddates.YoucandeployACEinstanceswithexpireddateranges.
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Youcanalsosetandcustomizeawarningmessagethatappearseachtimeaninstance powersonastheexpirationdateapproaches.Anexpirationmessageappearswhenthe instanceexpiresandtheinstancecannolongerbepoweredon. AstandaloneACEinstancehasthesameexpirationpolicyasallinstancescreatedfrom thecorrespondingACEpackage.Thefixedexpirationdateorthefixeddaterangeis establishedatactivationtime.Eachtimetheuserpowersontheinstance,thedateor daterangeischecked.Expirationchecksarealsoperformedwhiletheinstanceis running.Iftheexpirationisreached,anexpirationmessageappearsandtheinstanceis suspended. WithamanagedACEinstance,theexpirationpolicyworkssimilarlyasforstandalone instances,buttheexpirationpolicyvaluecanbespecifiedforindividualinstances.A validdaterangeforanACEenabledvirtualmachineappliestoeachofitsassociated ACEinstancesuntilaninstanceisindividuallyconfiguredwithitsowndaterange. Afterthatconfiguration,anychangestotheACEenabledvirtualmachinesexpiration policydonotaffecttheinstance.Allexpirationvalues,bothforACEenabledvirtual machinesandforallACEinstances,aredynamic.Thismeansthatafteryouchangethe valueandpublishthepolicyupdatetoACEManagementServer,ACEinstancesgetthe newvaluethenexttimetheycheckforpolicyupdates.
Setting Copy Protection Policies

CopyprotectionpoliciesensurethatanACEinstancerunsonlyfromthelocation whereitwasoriginallyinstalled.IfyoucopyprotectanACEinstance,itsfilescanbe movedorcopied,buttheinstancecannotrunfromthenewlocation. ForstandaloneACEinstances,youcanspecifywhethercopyingandmovingare allowed.FormanagedACEinstances,youcanspecifywhetherbothcopyingand movingareallowedorwhetheronlymovingisallowed.Inthiscase,onlyonecopyof theACEinstanceisallowedtorunatatime. IftheusermovesorcopiesacopyprotectedACEinstanceandtriestorunit,anerror messageappears.Itlistsanalphanumericstringthattheusercansendtothesystem administratororhelpdeskassistanttogetthecopyprotectionchanged. Formanagedinstances,youcanalsodynamicallychangethecopyprotectionsettings, switchingthesettingssothatmovedorcopiedinstanceswillrunornotrun.Thismeans thatafteryouchangethevalueandpublishthepolicyupdatetoACEManagement Server,ACEinstancesgetthenewvaluethenexttimetheycheckforpolicyupdates.
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EveryACEinstancehasacopyprotectionidentifier(CPID)thatcontainsthepathtothe ACEinstanceonthehostfilesystem.ForstandardACEinstances,theCPIDalso containsthesystemsBIOSID.ForPocketACEinstances,theCPIDcontainsthefile systemID.Ifcopyprotectionison,WorkstationcomparesthecurrentCPIDwiththe storedCPID.Iftheydonotmatch,theinstancewasmovedorcopied. ForstandaloneACEinstances,youcansettheCPIDbyusingvmware-acetoolorby sendinghotfixes(onWindowssystems,ifhotfixesareenabled).SeeUsingthe vmwareacetoolCommandLineToolonpage 479andRespondtoHotFixRequests onpage 481. FormanagedACEinstances,theCPIDisstoredontheserverandtheadministratorcan updateit.SeetheVMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Setting Resource Signing Policies

YoucansettheresourcesigningpolicysothatanACEinstancecannotberunif resourcefiles,suchaspolicyscriptsorcustomEULAtextfiles,aretamperedwith. AresourceisconsideredanyfileintheACE Resourcessubdirectoryinthevirtual machinedirectoryontheWorkstationhost.Filesthatareputinthisdirectoryonthe endusersmachinearenotresourcesinthissenseandarenotsignaturechecked. Signaturecheckingisperformedontheendusersmachineatpoweronandthenevery timeascriptisrun.YoucanspecifywhethertoverifyallfilesintheACE Resources directoryorjustthepolicyscriptsinthatdirectory. Ifyouarecreatingapackagethathassubstantialresources,suchaslargefilesorlarge numbersoffiles,signaturecheckingmighttakealongtime.Inthiscase,consider verifyingscriptsonlyornotusingresourcesigning. NOTEIfyousettheencryptionpackagesettingoptionstoNone,anyverification specifiedintheresourcesigningpolicyisnotperformed.Theencryptionpackage settingoverridestheresourcesigningpolicy.SeeEncryptionSettingsonpage 436.
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Setting Network Access Policies

Thenetworkaccessfeatureusesapacketfilteringfirewalltoenableyoutospecify whichmachinesorsubnetsanACEinstanceoritshostsystemmayaccess.Thismeans thatyoucan,forexample,configuretheinstancesothatitisallowedtoconnectonlyto yourVPNserver,whichthencontrolsaccesstootherresources. Youcanalsocustomizethenetworkaccesssettingstofilteronthebasisofnetwork addresses,trafficdirection,protocol,andports.Youcansetthefollowingtypesof networkaccessrestrictiondefinitions:

Networkzones NetworkaccessforanACEinstanceshostmachine(alsoknownashostnetwork access) NetworkaccessforanACEinstancesguestoperatingsystem(alsoknownas guestnetworkaccess)
NetworkaccesspoliciescanbedynamiciftheACEinstanceisassociatedwithanACE ManagementServer.ThismeansthatafteryoupublishapolicyupdatetoACE ManagementServer,ACEinstancesgetthenewpolicythenexttimetheycheckfor policyupdates.YoucanquicklylockACEinstancesoutofallorpartofyournetwork tohelpcombatthespreadofawormorviruswithoutdeployingupdatepackages.See theVMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide.
Before You Begin Setting Host Policies

Usethefollowingguidelinesasyouplannetworkaccesspolicies:
AhostmachineforACEinstancescanhaveonlyonehostpolicyfile.Ifyoutryto installanACEpackagewithahostpolicyfileonamachinethatalreadyhasa differenthostpolicyfile,installationofthenewpackagefails. AhostpolicyisineffectevenwhennoACEinstancesarerunning.Thepolicystarts immediatelyafterinstallationandstartsworkingeverytimethehostsystemboots. Anyrestrictionsonthehostsnetworkaccessalsorestrictnetworkaccessforan ACEinstancethatusesNATnetworking,becausetheNATconnectionisaffected byallthepoliciesyouapplytothehost.Ifyousetuprestrictedhostaccessbyusing theACEruleseteditorandruleseditorratherthantheNetworkAccesswizard, configuretheACEenabledvirtualmachinesvirtualNICstousebridged networking. IfyouaresettingupamanagedACEenabledvirtualmachine,youmustallowthe hosttoaccessACEManagementServer,communicatingthroughTCPoverthe appropriateportthatyouconfigure.
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HostpoliciesdonotapplytoPocketACEinstances.Ifyouspecifyarestrictedhost policyforanACEenabledvirtualmachineandthencreateaPocketACEpackage withthatACEenabledvirtualmachine,thepackageiscreatedbutthehostpolicy isnotincludedinthepackage. Youcannotviewchangestohostpoliciesinthepreviewmode.Ifyouwanttotest theeffectsofsuchchanges,youmustperformatestdeployment.SeeChapter 20, DeployingACEPackages,onpage 435.
Use the Network Access Wizard to Configure Network Access

VMwarerecommendsthatyouusetheNetworkAccesswizardtoconfigurebasic settingsandthenusethezoneeditorandruleseteditortofinetunethesettingsif necessary.TheNetworkAccesswizardisinitiatedwhenyouclickQuickSetup. TheNetworkAccesswizardcreatesorchangesrulesforthefollowingzones:
IfyouchoosetheDesktopConfigurationoption,thewizardcreatesanewguest accessrulesetfortheEverywherezone.ThisrulesetrestrictsACEinstanceaccess toyourVPNorotherspecifiednetworkhosts. IfyouchoosetheLaptopConfigurationoption,thewizardcreatesanewinternal zonethatrestrictsthenetworkaddressand,optionally,thedomainonwhichthe ACEinstancecanrun.Itcanalsocreateanewhostaccessrulesetforthiszoneto restrictaccesstotheinternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanspecifyaproxyserver. Finally,youcanconfigurethesameremoteaccessfortheDesktopConfiguration option. Ifyouusethisoptionandyoudonotmodifyanyofthedefaultsettingsthatthe wizardprovides,thehostisstillallowedtocommunicatewithDNSandDHCP serverssothatthezonedetectionmechanismcanfunctionproperly.
To use the Network Access wizard to configure network access 1 2 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. SelectRestrictnetworkaccessoftheACEinstanceand/oritshostandclick Quick Setup.
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Completethewizard. Dependingonwhichconfigurationtypeyouchoose,anewzonemightbeadded totheNetworkAccesssettingspanel,andnewrulesetsmightappearinthe Host NetworkAccessandGuestNetworkAccesscolumnsinthetable.
(Optional)Tovieworeditthezonesorrulesetsyoucreatedwiththewizard,click thezoneorrulesetnameinthetableontheNetworkAccesssettingspanel.
WhenyouusetheNetworkAccesswizardtocreateaninternalzone,choosingthe LaptopConfigurationoptionenablesyoutospecifythenetworkaddress,domain,and subdomains.IfyouwanttoalsoconfigureDNS,DHCP,WINS,orgatewayservers,use thezoneeditor.SeeGuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditionsonpage 404.
Guidelines for Specifying Zone Conditions

Zoneconditionsdescribethecharacteristicsofanetworkzone.Workstationexamines thenetworksthataredirectlyconnectedtonetworkadaptersonthehostcomputerto seeifamatchexistsforallthecriteriaforanyadapterinanyofthezonedefinitions. ThezoneeditorappearswhenyouclickanameintheZonescolumnoftheNetwork Accesspolicypage.Itshowsthefollowingdetailsaboutthezone:
Youcanspecifyazonebyusinguptosixconditions:

Domain Subnet DNSservers DHCPservers Gatewayservers WINSservers
Foramatchtooccur,allspecifiedconditionsmustbemet.
Allzoneconditionsexceptthedomainconditionallowuserstospecifyalistof addresses.Thematchismadeifthehostsaddressmatchesanyoftheaddresslist entriesinaspecifiedcondition.
Whenthehostconnectstoanetwork,acheckisperformedtodeterminewhetherthe networkmatchestheconditionsforazone.Thecheckingstartswiththetopmostzone inthetableandcontinuesdownthetableuntilamatchismadeortheEverywhereElse zoneisreached.Whenamatchismade,thezonecheckingstopsandfilterrulesforthat zoneareapplied.
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Therearetradeoffsbetweenusingshorterandlongerlistsofconditions.Ifyouusea longerlist,youminimizethechancesofafalsepositiveresultoramisidentification. Minimizingthechanceofafalsepositiveresultoramisidentificationcanbeimportant ifyouareprovidinganACEpackagetosomeonewhoconnectsahostcomputerto multiplenetworksatdifferenttimes.Ifoneoftheothernetworksmatchesthe characteristicsyoudefineinthezonedefinition,thehostandinstanceaccesspolicies areapplied,evenifthehostisnotconnectedtoyournetwork. Insomecases,however,usingalongerlistmightalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatauser couldcircumventthedetectionmechanism.Forexample,suchanerrormightbemade ifyouswitchthehosttouseastaticIPaddressinsteadofDHCPandconfigurethehost withonlyasubsetofthecharacteristicsdefinedforyourzone,suchasonlynetwork address,ornetworkaddressandDNSserverinformation. Alsoconsiderthattheaddressesornamesofcertainserverscanchangeovertime. Such changescanalsointroducedetectionissues. Usingasmallersetofinformationinazonedescription,suchasonlythenetwork addressandthesubnetmask,issafer.Thedisadvantageisthatitincreasesthechance thatafalsepositiveormisidentificationcanoccur.Suchfalsepositivesareespecially likelyifyournetworkisusingacommonnetblock,suchas10/8,172.16/12,or 192.168/16,thatisalsousedbyothernetworks.
Descriptions of the Zone Condition Settings

Eachzonedescriptionmustcontainoneormoreofthefollowingsettingoptions describingtheconditionsofthezone:
DomainSpecifiesthedomainnameofthenetwork,suchasmycompany.com. Enteronlyonedomainname.ThevalueofAllowsubdomainsofthisdomain governstheinterpretationofthisoption. AllowsubdomainsofthisdomainModifiestheDomainoption.Itspecifies whether,fortheDomainzoneconditiontobemet,adomainnamemustexactly matchthedomainnamespecifiedintheDomainboxorwhetheramatchofthe domainnameismadeanytimethestringcontains<domain_name>.Forexample, ifthisoptionisselected,corp.mycompany.comisconsideredamatchfor mycompany.com.Ifthisoptionisnotselected,corp.mycompany.comisnot consideredamatchformycompany.com. NetworkaddressSpecifiesanIPaddressorsubnetrangethatthenetworkuses. Thevalueof<subnet>,ifyouincludeasubnetrange,mustbethenumberofbits inthenetmask.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingan IP addressthatlieswithinanyofthespecifiedranges.
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DNSserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforDNSservers onthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingatleastone oftheseservers. IfthevalueoftheMatchatleastoptionisgreaterthan1,thehostmustbeusing thespecifiednumberofDNSserversonthelistbeforeanetworkadapteris consideredtobeonthedefinednetwork. BecausemultiplemethodsexistforassigningDNSdomainnamestoaLinuxhost, usingjusttheDNSdomainnametodefineazonecanbeerrorprone.Todefinea zoneforaLinuxhost,usecriteriainadditiontotheDNSdomainnames. ForWebsites,aDNSdomainnamemightresolvetomorethanoneaddress.To ensurethatthezoneisdefinedexactlyasyouintend,entereachIPaddress,rather thanjusttheDNSdomainname.
DHCPserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforDHCP serversonthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingat leastoneoftheseservers. GatewayserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesfordefault gatewaysonthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusing atleastoneofthesegateways. WINSserversSpecifiesoneormoreIPaddressesorhostnamesforWINSservers onthenetwork.Anetworkadaptermatchesthisconditionifitisusingatleastone oftheseservers.LinuxhostsignoreWINSserversettingsduringzonedetection. IfthevalueoftheMatchatleastoptionisgreaterthan1,thehostmustbeusing thespecifiednumberofWINSserversonthelistbeforeanetworkadapteris consideredtobeonthedefinednetwork.
Add or Edit a Network Zone

Usethezoneeditortoconfigurethenetworkaddress,domain,DNS,DHCP,WINS,or gatewayserversthatanACEinstancecanusefornetworkconnections. Beforeyouopenthezoneeditor,determinewhatcriteriatouseforconnectingto internalandexternalnetworks.SeeGuidelinesforSpecifyingZoneConditionson page 404andDescriptionsoftheZoneConditionSettingsonpage 405.
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To add or edit a network zone 1 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccessanddooneofthefollowing:
Toaddazone,clickAddZoneandclicktheNewZoneentrythatappearsin thetable. Toeditazone,clickthenameofthezoneintheZonescolumnofthetable.
CompletethefieldsinthezoneeditorthatappearsandclickOK.
Using the Ruleset Editor to Configure Host and Guest Access

EachaccesssettingforanACEinstanceshostmachineandfortheACEinstancesguest systemisbasedonasetofaccessrules.WheneveryouusetheNetworkAccesswizard, adefaultrulesetisusedforhostandguestnetworkaccess.Youcanusetheruleset editortochangetheparametersofthoserules. NetworkaccesspoliciesareappliedbyfilteringontheIPaddress,theprotocolnumber fromtheIPheader,thedirectionoftraffic,andTCPandUDPportvalues.Thefiltering doesnotinvolvedeeppacketinspection.ForDNSandDHCPaccess,theTCPandUDP portsonwhichthoseservicestraditionallyresideareopened. Considerthefollowingaspectsofthefilteringactions:
Ifyoumoveyourservicestodifferentports,thenetworkaccessrulesforthose servicesnolongerwork. Thehostorinstanceisopentoalltrafficontheseprotocolsandports.
TounderstandtheparticularsofhowtrafficisbeingblockedorallowedforDNS, DHCP,andICMPprotocolsandports,seetherulesdisplayedintheruleseteditor.
Add or Edit Rulesets and Rules for Network Access

Therulesintheruleseteditorarelistedintheorderinwhichtheyaretobeevaluated. Whenanetworktrafficpacketarrivesoristobesentfromthehostorguest,itis comparedwitheachruleintheruleset,inorderfromthetopdown.Ifthefollowing packetsettingsmatchtheruleconditions,thepacketisallowedorblockedaccordingto therulesaction:

Sourceaddressforincomingpackets Destinationaddressforoutgoingpackets,protocol,andports
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Thepacketiscomparedtoeachruleinorderuntilitmatchesaruleoritwascompared withalloftherules.Whenamatchismade,thepackettorulecomparisonends. The packetisnotcomparedtosubsequentrulesintheorderedlist.Ifitwascompared toallruleswithoutamatch,thedefaultruleactionisapplied. To add and edit rulesets and rules for network access 1 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess,andclickthelinkinthetablecolumn thatappliestotheaccesssettingtoedit. TheZoneandAccessTypeinformationjustbelowtheRulesetNametextbox showsthenameofthezoneandwhethertheaccesssettingappliestohostnetwork accessortothenetworkaccessforACEinstances(guestaccess). 2 Usetheruleseteditortochangetheorderofrulesintheset,editrules,andspecify whetherthehostorguestisallowedtouseDNS,DHCP,orICMP. Bydefault,DNS,DHCP,andICMPareincludedinthenetworkaccesssetupfor bothhostandinstanceaccess.VMwarerecommendsthatyoukeepDHCPand DNSselectedbecausetheyareimportantforzonedetection. WhetherthefollowingsettingsapplytothehostortotheACEinstance(guest access)dependsonwhetheryouareeditingahostnetworkaccessrulesetora guestnetworkaccessruleset:
DNSAllowstheguestorhosttouseaDNSservertoresolveIPaddresses. SelectthisoptioniftheDNSserverisnotincludedinanyothernetworkaccess settingforthishostorACEinstance. DHCPAllowsthehostorguesttoobtainitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserver. SelectthisoptioniftheDHCPserverisnotincludedinanyothernetwork accesssettingforthehostorACEinstance. ICMPEnablesyoutousethepingcommand.Forguests,pingenablesyou tochecknetworkconnectivitytoandfromtheACEinstance.Forhosts,it enablesyoutochecknetworkconnectivitywithotherhostsinthenetwork andwiththeACEinstance.
(Optional)Toaddoreditarule,dooneofthefollowing:
Tochangeaspecificrulessettings,clicktherowforthatruleinthetableinthe ruleseteditorandclickEdit. Toaddarule,clickAdd.
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(Optional)UsetheRuleEditordialogboxtospecifythetypeoftraffic,whetherto blockorallowtrafficfromspecifiednetworklocations,theprotocol,andportsor portranges.
AddressesToeditanexistinghostnameoraddress,doubleclickthatitem andeditit.ThewildcardsettingforallIPaddressesis0.0.0.0/0. ProtocolToalloworblockcommunicationforaspecificprotocol,select CustomfromtheProtocollist.Theprotocolnumberisinthepacket.Ifthat numbermatchesthenumbersuppliedintheCustomfield,thepacketis allowedorblockedastherulespecifies.Theprotocolnumberisusedinthe protocolfieldofIPv4packets. Foralistofprotocolnumbers,seetheInternetAssignedNumbers Authority (IANA)organizationsWebsite.Mostprotocolnumbersare permanentlyassigned.
RemotePortsandLocalPortsIfyouareusingeitherTCPorUDPandwant toqualifytherulewithspecificportnumbersforthistypeoftraffic,typethe portnumbersorportnumberranges. Thewildcardportsettingis(doublequotationmarks). Usuallyyouspecifyfilteringoneitherlocalorremoteports,notboth,because bothspecificationshavetomatchfortheruletobeapplied.(DHCPrepresents anexceptiontothisgeneralrule.) Thelocalportisthesourceportforoutgoingpacketsandthedestinationport forincomingpackets.Typicallyyouspecifyalocalportwhenthehostorguest isbeingusedasaserverobtainingremoteconnectionsonsomeport. Theremoteportisthesourceportforincomingpacketsandthedestination portforoutgoingpackets.Typicallyyouspecifyaremoteportwhenthehost orguestisaclientandiscontactingaremoteserveronsomeport.
Change NAT Settings

YoucanusetheNATfeatureofthenetworkaccesspolicytospecifytheIPaddress rangeforthevirtualnetworkVMnet8ontheACEinstanceshostsystem.Youdeploy thisnetworkpropertiessettingwiththeACEpackage. CAUTIONIfyousetthisproperty,thesettingaffectsalloftheACEinstancesandvirtual machinesonthisinstanceshostsystem.
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To change NAT settings 1 2 3 4 5 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. ClickHostVirtualNetworkonthepolicypage. IntheNATsectionofthedialogbox,selectAssignIPaddressesfromthissubnet. TypethesubnetIPaddresstouse,enterzero(0)asthelastbyteintheaddress,and clickOK. CreateanACEpackageanddeploythepackage. TheNATsettingisnotadynamicpolicysetting.Thismeansthatsimply publishingapolicyupdatetoACEManagementServerdoesnotcauseACE instancestochangeNATsettings.YoucanchangethesettingforadeployedACE instanceonlybychangingitinthepolicyandthencreatinganddeployinganew ACEpackage.
Configure Which Physical Network Adapter to Use

Ifthehostislikelytohavemultiplenetworkadapters,youcanspecifywhichonetouse forabridgednetworkconnection.Forexample,youcanspecifythatonlythewireless adapteroronlyaVPNistobeused. CAUTIONIfyousetthisproperty,thesettingaffectsalloftheACEinstancesandvirtual machinesonthisinstanceshostsystem. To configure which physical network adapter to use 1 2 3 4 Inthepolicyeditor,selectNetworkAccess. ClickHostVirtualNetworkonthepolicypage. SelectoneoftheradiobuttonsintheAutomaticBridgingsection. IfyouselectDevicename,alsoenterpartorallofthedevicename. Forexample,ifdevicenameofthelocalareaconnectionisBroadcomNetXtreme 57xxGigabitController#2,youmightenterBroadcomorbroadcom netxtreme. OnWindowshosts,todeterminethedevicename,gototheNetworkConnections itemintheControlPanel.
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ClickOK. CreateanACEpackageanddeploythepackage. Thisautomaticbridgingsettingisahostpolicy,whichmeansthatyoucanchange thesettingforadeployedACEinstanceonlybychangingitinthepolicyandthen creatinganddeployinganewACEpackage.
Understanding the Interaction of Host and Guest Access Filters with Tunneling Protocols
Hostandguestaccessfilterscandifferintheirinteractionswithtunnelingprotocols. Ahostnetworkaccessfilterseestrafficbeforepacketsareencapsulatedinthetunneling protocol(forexample,VPN).Aguestnetworkaccessfilterseestrafficafterthepackets areencapsulatedinthetunnelingprotocol. Becauseofthisguestaccessfilterbehavior,ausermightbeabletocircumventguest accessrestrictionsbyusingtunnelingprotocolsorproxies.
Updating a Network Access Policy

Youmustcreateanddeployanewpackageforthehostpolicytotakeeffect. IfyouuseamanagedACEenabledvirtualmachinetocreatepackagesthatdonot containahostpolicyandlateredittheACEenabledvirtualmachinesnetworkaccess policytoincludeahostpolicyandpublishthechange,instancescreatedfrompackages ofthatACEenabledvirtualmachinedonothaveahostpolicyapplied.Awarning appearsonthenetworkaccesspolicypageifyouattempttoapplyahostpolicyinthis way. Youcanpackagejustthehostpolicyinacustompackage,keepingthepackagesize small.
Setting Removable Devices Policies

Removabledevicespoliciesallowyoutocontrolwhetheruserscanconnectand disconnectremovabledevicesfromtheirACEinstances. AremovabledevicespolicyisappliedtoanACEenabledvirtualmachineandaffects allusersofallinstancescreatedfromthatACEenabledvirtualmachine. WhenyouselectRemovableDevicesinthepolicyeditor,allremovabledevicetypes forthisACEenabledvirtualmachinearedisplayedinalist.Youcanspecifywhich devicestoallowenduserstoaccess.
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Setting USB Device Policies

YoucansetUSBdevicepoliciestorestricttheACEusersaccesstoUSBdevices.The policiesaredynamic.ThismeansthatyoucanchangethesettingsondeployedACE instancesbypublishingapolicyupdatetoACEManagementServer.
Access Levels for USB Devices

Youcansetrestrictionsatvariouslevelsofspecificity,andyoucanmixlevelsof restrictioninapolicysetting.Thelevelsofrestrictionare:
SpecificUSBdeviceForexample,allowuseofaspecifictypeofdigitalcamera butdisallowuseofiPodmobiledigitaldevices. Ifaruleexistsforaspecificdevice,thatruleoverridesanyrulessetfordevice classesinwhichthedevicebelongs. AllentriesinthelistofspecificUSBdevicesaremaintainedinadevicedatabase thatisincludedwiththefilesforthisACEenabledvirtualmachine.Youcancopy andsharethedatabase.Itisnotwriteprotected.Thedefaultlocationforthefileis: OnWindowsXP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\usbhistory.ini OnWindowsVistaandWindows7:C:\ProgramData\VMware\VMware Workstation\usbhistory.ini
DeviceclassForexample,allowuseofhumaninputdevices(HIDs),suchasmice andkeyboards,butdisallowuseofcommunicationsdevices,suchasmodemsand cellphones. Ifnospecificdeviceruleexistsforadeviceandmorethanonedeviceclassrule appliestothatdevice,themostrestrictiveruleisapplied.Forexample,adevice mightincludebothafaxfunctionandaprintfunctionandthereforecanbelongto morethanoneclass.Ifoneruleblocksafaxdevicebutanotherruleallowsaprint device,thecombinationfaxandprintdeviceisblocked.
AllUSBdevicesAllowordenyaccesstoallconnectedUSBdevices.Deviceclass rulesandspecificdevicerulesoverridegeneralaccessrules.
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Set an Access Policy for USB Devices

YoumightwanttosetapolicythatpreventsendusersfromconnectingsuchUSB devicesasmassstoragedevices,printers,ormodemstotheACEinstance. Beforeyouusethepolicyeditor,determineastrategyforsettingthepolicy.Ifyouwant arestrictedenvironment,youcanplantogenerallyblockaccesstoallUSBdevicesand thenspecifyexactlywhichclassesorspecificdevicestoallow.SeeAccessLevelsfor USBDevicesonpage 412. To set an access policy for USB devices 1 2 3 Inthepolicyeditor,selectUSBDevices. UsetheGeneralaccesstoallUSBdevicesradiobuttonstospecifywhetherto alloworblockgeneralaccesstoUSBdevices. TospecifyaUSBpolicybydeviceclass: a IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheAccesstospecifictypesofUSBdevices list,clickAdd,selectthedeviceintheUSBDeviceClassesdialogbox,andclick OK. YoucanCtrlclickandShiftclickitemstoselectmorethanoneclass. b 4 SelecttheAllowandBlockcheckboxesintheAccesstospecifictypesofUSB deviceslisttospecifytheruleforeachdeviceinthelist.
TospecifyaUSBpolicybyspecificdevice: a IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheAccesstoindividualUSBdevicemodels list,clickAdd,selectthedeviceintheUSBDeviceListdialogbox,andclick OK. IfthedevicedoesnotappearintheUSBDeviceListdialogbox,dooneofthe following:

ConnectthedevicetothehostandclickRefresh. DeterminethedevicesvendorID(VID)andproductID(PID)andclick ManualAddtoentertheinformation.Thisinformationisavailablefrom theWindowsDeviceManagerwhenyouconnecttheUSBdevicetoa Windowscomputer.
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SelecttheAllowandBlockcheckboxesintheAccesstoindividualUSB devicemodelslisttospecifytheruleforeachdeviceinthelist. (Optional)Tochangetheinformationforadevice,clickRemoveandaddthe deviceagainwiththenewinformation.
ClickOKinthepolicyeditor.
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Setting Virtual Printer Policies

VMwareACEincludesavirtualprinterthatallowsuserstoprinttoanyprinter availabletothehostcomputerwithoutinstallingadditionaldriversinthevirtual machine. ThevirtualprinterfeatureisavailableforACEinstancesrunningwiththeseWindows hostandguestoperatingsystems:

HostWindowsXP,2003,orVista,732bitonly GuestWindows2000,XP,2003,Vista,7(32and64bit),RedHatEnterpriseLinux 4(32bitonly),Ubuntu,andSUSE
Afteryouenablethevirtualprinterpolicy,aserialportisaddedtothevirtualmachine. ThisserialportappearsontheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,with thesummaryUsedbyVirtualPrinter.Youcannotaddorremovethisserialportby usingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Toaddorremoveit,youmustenableor disabletheoptioninthevirtualprinterpolicy. NOTEIftheACEenabledvirtualmachinealreadyhasfourserialports,youcannot addanotherserialportforthevirtualprinter.Toenablethevirtualprinter,deletean existingserialport. AfterendusersinstalltheACEinstance,theycanusetheVM>VirtualPrintersmenu commandtospecifywhichprintersfromthehostareavailabletotheguest.Ifendusers onWindowshostshaveproblems,makesuretheTPAutoConnectServiceWindows serviceisstarted. NOTEWhentheACEVirtualPrinterpolicyisenabled,VirtualPrinterisavailablein VM>Settings>Hardware,andcannotbedeselecteduntiltheACEVirtualPrinter policyisdisabled.
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Setting Runtime Preferences Policies

YoucansetoptionsontheRuntimePreferencespolicypagetospecifywhich Workstationruntimeattributestheusercanchoose.
Runtime Preferences Settings

Usethefollowinginformationtodecidewhichfeaturestoenable:
AlwaysruninfullscreenVMwarePlayerfillsthefullscreenwhenitstarts, hidingthehostoperatingsystem.Youmightfindthisuseful,forexample,toavoid confusionaboutthedifferencesbetweenthehostsystemenvironmentandthatof theACEinstance. Userscanreturntothehostoperatingsystembyclickingtheminimizebuttonon thetoolbar.Ifthemousepointerisnotavailable,pressingCtrl+Altminimizesthe display.
AlwayshidethefullscreentoolbarEnduserscannotdisplaythetoolbarthat usuallyappearsatthetopofthescreenwheninfullscreenmode. AlwaysruninapplianceviewTheACEinstanceopensinapplianceviewand theusercannotchangetoconsoleview. Tousethissetting,youmustalsoenableapplianceviewforthevirtualmachine. SeeConfiguretheApplianceViewforaVirtualMachineonpage 181.Ifyou attempttousethispolicywithoutenablingapplianceview,anerrormessage appearswhentheuserattemptstostarttheACEinstance.
AllowuserstomodifythememoryallocationTheChangeMemoryAllocation commandappearsintheVMmenuofVMwarePlayer. ReducevirtualmachinememorysizeifneededwhenpoweringonThevirtual machinepowersoneveniftheamountofavailablememoryislessthantheamount configuredforthevirtualmachine.Ifyoudonotusethisfeatureandtherequired amountofmemoryisnotavailable,usersneedtomodifythememoryallocationto poweronthevirtualmachine.
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Enhanced Virtual Keyboard Settings

RequireenhancedvirtualkeyboardforsecureinputThissettingappliesonlyto WindowshostsrunningWindowsguests.Thisfeatureprovidesbetterhandlingof internationalkeyboardsandkeyboardswithextrakeys.Italsoprovidessecurity improvementsbecauseitprocessesrawkeyboardinputassoonaspossible, bypassingWindowskeystrokeprocessingandanymalwarethatisnotalreadyat alowerlayer. IfanACEinstanceusesthisfeature,whenenduserspressCtrl+Alt+Delete,the guestsystemonly,ratherthanbothguestandhost,respondstothecommand. Beforeyoucreatearuntimepolicyforthisfeature,turnontheenhancedkeyboard filterwiththevirtualmachinesettingseditor.SeeUsetheEnhancedVirtual KeyboardforWindowsHostsonpage 339. WhentheACEinstanceisinstalledandtheguestoperatingsystemstartsforthe firsttime,aspecialkeyboardfilterdriverisinstalledonthehost.Afterinstallation, theendusermustrestartthehostcomputer.Keyboardfilteringisthenenabled.
WhenasuspectedkeyloggerisdetectedKeystrokeloggingisamethodof recordinguserkeystrokes,includingdetermininguserpasswords.VMwareACE nowincludesafeaturethatcandetect(butnotdisable)keyloggers. IfyouselectAskuser,enduserscanexitorcontinueusingthevirtualmachineand onlylogthatthekeyloggerwasdetected.Ifyouallowenduserstocontinueusing thevirtualmachinewhenakeyloggerisdetected,thekeyloggerstillrecordsthe userskeystrokes.Toavoidthispossibility,selectExit.
Exit Behavior Settings

WhenclosinganonPocketACEinstanceIfyouselectUserPreference,theuser hasaccesstoSuspendandPoweroffinthePreferencesdialogboxinVMware Player(File>Preferences).Ifyouselectoneoftheotherchoices,theendusers virtualmachineissuspendedorpoweredoffwhentheuserchoosesFile>Exitor clicksthecloseboxinVMwarePlayer.
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WhenclosingaPocketACEinstanceIfyouselectUserPreference,theuserhas accesstoGomobileandAsktogomobileorstayconnectedtothecomputerin thePreferencesdialogboxinVMwarePlayer(File>Preferences).
AlwaysGoThevirtualmachineispoweredoffandsynchronizedtothe host.Aftersynchronization,theusercanunplugtheUSBdeviceanduseitin anothermachine. AlwaysStayTheuserwantstoexitVMwarePlayerbutdoesnotwantto unplugthedevice.Thevirtualmachineissuspendedandnosynchronization occurs. AlwaysDiscardTheuserwantstoexitVMwarePlayerbutdoesnotwantto synchronize.Allchangesarelost.
AllowuserstomanuallypowerofforresetthevirtualmachineTheResetand PoweroffandExitcommandswillappearintheVM>Powermenu.Ifyoudonot selectthisoption,theusermustexitVMwarePlayertopowerofforsuspendthe ACEinstance.
Pocket ACE Cache Settings

Forperformancereasons,whenyouusePocketACE,filesfromtheUSBdeviceare cachedasneededonthehost.WhenyouarefinishedusingthePocketACE,you synchronizechangessothattheupdatedfilesarewrittentotheUSBdevice. Youcandisablethiscachingifyoudonothaveenoughdiskspaceonthehost.For example,ifthevirtualdiskonthePocketACEhas8GB,youmightpotentiallyneed8 GBofdiskspaceonthehostforcaching.Youcanalsodisablecachingforsecurity reasonsifyoudonotwanttocreateacacheonthehost. Ifyoudisablecaching,theexitbehaviorintheWhenclosingaPocketACEinstancelist changestoAlwaysGobutsynchronizationdoesnotoccurbecauseitisnotnecessary.
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Setting Snapshot Policies

Youcansetpolicyoptionsfortwotypesofsnapshots:
ReimagesnapshotsAtinstallationtime,asnapshotistakenafterallofthe requiredinstancesetupstepsarecomplete,including,ifapplicable,encryption, instancecustomization,anddomainjoin.Thesnapshotistakenbeforethevirtual machinerunsforthefirsttime. NOTEManuallydisabletheautomaticreimagesnapshotbyeditingthe ACEenabledvirtualmachinesaceMaster.datfile.Editthe packaging.takeReimageSnapshotoption. ReimagesnapshotsallowtheACEadministrator,ortheuseriftheadministrator enablesreimagesnapshotoptionsfortheuser,toreverttheACEinstancetoits knowngoodstartingstateortotheknowngoodupdatedreimagestate. Ifyouenablereimagesnapshotoptions,commandsfortheoptionsappearinthe VM>Snapshotmenu. Ifyouchoosenottoenablethereimagesnapshotoptionsfortheuser,youcan replacethereimagesnapshotorreverttoitontheusersmachinebyproviding administratormodeaccessthroughtheAdministratorModepolicy.SeeSetting AdministratorModePoliciesonpage 419.
UsersnapshotsYoucanenableuserstotakeasnapshotoftheACEinstance eitherwhentheinstanceisrunningorimmediatelyafterpoweringitoff.Youcan alsoenablethemtodeletethatusersnapshot. Usersnapshotsenabletheusertoreturnthevirtualmachinetoaknownstable state.Usersnapshotscanbetaken,revertedto,anddeletedwithoutaffectingthe reimagesnapshot.Onlyoneusersnapshotcanbesavedatatime. Ifyouenableusersnapshotoptions,commandsfortheoptionsappearintheVM >Snapshotmenu.
NOTEYoucannottakesnapshotsofaPocketACEinstance.FormoreaboutPocket ACEs,seeChapter 21,PocketACE,onpage 457.
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Setting Administrator Mode Policies

Youcanusetheadministratormodepolicytosetanadministrativepasswordsothat youcandoanyofthefollowing:
RuntheACEinstanceontheusersmachineandenteradministratormodeto accessthevirtualmachinesettingsandmakechangestotheinstances configuration.Youcanonlyeditthesettings.Youcannotaddorremovevirtual hardwaredevices. RuntheACEinstanceontheusersmachineandenteradministrativemodeto accessallthesnapshotcommands.SeeSettingSnapshotPoliciesonpage 418. Usethevmware-acetoolcommandlineprogramonanACEuserssystemtofix alimitedsetofproblemsforstandaloneACEinstances.
Use Administrator Mode on an ACE Instance

Usingadministratormodeonanendusersvirtualmachineenablesyouto troubleshootandaccessfeaturesandcommandsthatmightnotbeavailabletotheend user. To use administrator mode on an ACE instance 1 2 3 StartVMwarePlayerontheendusersmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Enter AdministratorMode. Enterthepasswordforadministratoraccess. Choosetheappropriatecommandsasfollows:
Toeditvirtualmachinesettingsfromtheusersmachine,chooseVM> Settings.ThiscommandisavailableonlyonWindowshosts. Tousetheusersnapshotcommands,chooseVM>Snapshot. Tousethereimagesnapshotcommands,chooseVM>Snapshot>Revertto ReimageSnapshot. TousetheACETools,seeUsingthevmwareacetoolCommandLineTool onpage 479.
Whenyoufinishchangingthevirtualmachinesettingsorusingthesnapshot commands,chooseVM>ACE>ExitAdministratorMode.
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Setting Kiosk Mode Policies

WhenanACEinstancerunsinkioskmode,theusercannotaccessthehostsystemat all.Forexample,theusercannotshutdownthehostmachine.Thevirtualmachineruns infullscreenmodeanddoesnotdisplaytheACEmenubarorACEPlayeronlinehelp. IfanACEinstancehasthekioskmodepolicyturnedon,bydefault,amessageappears atstartuptoprovidethefollowinginformation:

Warnstheuserthatthevirtualmachineisabouttogointokioskmode. Tellstheuserwhichkeycombinationtousetoexitkioskmode.Thedefaultisthe hotkeycombinationforungrabbinginputfromavirtualmachine(oftenCtrl+Alt). SeeChangetheKeyCombinationforExitingKioskModeonpage 420. Ifthepolicyincludesanadministratorpassword,tellstheuserthathostaccessis availableonlyiftheuserentersthepasswordafterpressingthekeycombination toexitkioskmode.
Whenauserexitskioskmode,thevirtualmachineispoweredofforsuspended, accordingtotheruntimepreferencepolicyforexitbehavior.PocketACEinstancesare poweredoffandsynchronized.Whenthevirtualmachineispoweredoff,theACE Playerpromptstheusertoexitkioskmode. OnLinuxhosts,youmustsetsomeadditionalpropertiesafterinstallingtheACE instance.SeePrepareaLinuxHostforRunninginKioskModeonpage 472. Forinformationaboutstartupoptionsforkioskmode,seeChangeDefaultKiosk ModeStartupBehavioronpage 475andUseMultipleVirtualMachinesinKiosk Modeonpage 476.
Change the Key Combination for Exiting Kiosk Mode

YoucanuseCtrl,Alt,Shift,theWindowskey,oracombinationofthesekeyswitha regularkey. To change the key combination for exiting kiosk mode 1 2 3 Inthepolicyeditor,selectKioskMode. SelectAlwaysruninkioskmodeandselectCustomhotkeytoexitkioskmode. ClickintheTypehotkeyherefieldandpressakeycombination. Forexample,pressAlt+XratherthantypingthecharactersAlt+X.
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Setting Hot-Fix Policies for Standalone ACE Instances

ThispolicyenablesusersofstandaloneACEinstancestorequesthotfixesiftheylose orforgettheACEpassword,trytorunanexpiredACEinstance,ormovea copyprotectedACEinstancetoanewlocation. ToaddressthesetypesofproblemsformanagedratherthanstandaloneACEinstances, usetheVMwareHelpDeskWebapplicationortheinstanceviewinWorkstation.For moreinformation,seetheVMwareACEManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. Thehotfixrequestisafilethattheusermustsubmittoanadministratorforaction.You configurewhethertheusersubmitsthefiletoanadministratormanuallyorthrough emailgeneratedbytheHotFixRequestwizard. Forautomaticallygeneratedemail,theHotFixRequestwizardontheuserscomputer attemptstouseaMAPIemailclientonthehostoperatingsystem.Thehotfixrequest fileisincludedasanattachmenttotheemailmessage.Themessageusestheemail addressandsubjectlinethatyouspecify. Ifyouchooseemailandtheautomaticsubmissionfails,theHotFixRequestwizard allowstheusertosavethehotfixrequestasafile.Theusermustthensendthefileto anadministratormanually. TheadministratorusesWorkstationtorespondtohotfixrequests.SeeRespondto HotFixRequestsonpage 481.
Setting the Policy Update Frequency for Managed ACE Instances

ThispolicycontrolshowoftenanACEinstanceconnectstoACEManagementServer todownloadpolicyupdateswhileitisrunning.Italsocontrolshowlongamanaged ACEinstancecanbeusedifitcannotconnecttoACEManagementServer. ThispolicyappliesonlytomanagedACEinstances.Todeploypolicyupdatesfor standaloneACEinstances,youmustcreatepolicyupdatepackages.Policychangesare appliedwhentheinstanceisstartedaftertheupdatepackageisinstalled. Thesettingsforofflineusageincludetextforwarningandtimeoutmessages.Youcan customizemessagesbyaddingtexttothem.Youcannotedittheexistingstandardtext exceptbyusingthecontrolsonthepaneltochangethenumberofminutes,hours,or daysshown.
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Policyupdatestakeeffectwhiletheinstanceisrunning,withthefollowingexceptions:
Updatestoaccesscontrolpolicies,whichincludeuserandgrouplists,passwords, andscripts,takeeffectthenexttimetheinstanceispoweredon. Updatestopolicyupdatefrequencypolicies,ifsettoOnlywhentheACEinstance powerson,takeeffectthenexttimetheinstanceispoweredon.
Control Which ACE Instances Run on a Host

Youcansetrestrictionssuchasthefollowing:
SpecifywhethervirtualmachinesthatarenotACEinstancescanrunonthe machine.Thisisahostwidepolicy,whichrequiresanadministratortoinstallthe package. SpecifythatonlyACEinstanceswithaspecificcreatorIDcanrunonthemachine.
YoucancontrolwhichvirtualmachinesandACEinstancescanberunonahostby editingtheaceMaster.datfileinthevirtualmachinedirectory. Beforeyoubegin,ifyouplantorunmultipleACEinstancesontheendusersmachine, determinewhichACEenabledvirtualmachineyouwanttouseforsettinghostwide policies. To control which ACE instances run on a host 1 2 OntheadministratormachinewhereWorkstationisinstalled,poweroffandclose theACEenabledvirtualmachine. UseatexteditortoopentheaceMaster.datfilefortheACEenabledvirtual machine. Thisfileislocatedinthesamedirectoryastheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthe ACEenabledvirtualmachine. 3 4 (Optional)TospecifythatnonACEvirtualmachinescannotrunonthehost,find theallowVMspropertyandchangeitfrom1to0. FindtherequiredCreatorIDpropertyandsetittoanidentifier. Forexample,tosettherequiredcreatorIDtocreator1,editthelineasfollows:
requiredCreatorID = "creator1"
YousetrequiredCreatorIDonceforeachhost.Youdonotneedtosetthis propertyonotherACEinstancesthatrunonthesamehost. Thisisahostwidepolicy,whichrequiresanadministratortoinstallthepackage.
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FindthecreatorIDpropertyandsetittothesameidentifier. Forexample,tosetthecreatorIDtocreator1,editthelineasfollows:
creatorID = "creator1"
OnlyACEinstanceswiththiscreatorIDcanrunonthesamehost. TheIDstringisinplaintextintheaceMaster.datfileontheadministrators machine,butitishiddeninthepolicyfile. IfyoupublishthepolicysetofanACEinstanceto requiredCreator=yourPolicySettingandinstallitonahost,onlyyou(or otherswithaccesstotheadministratorfiles)knowwhatthecreatorIDis.Without knowingtherequiredCreatorpolicysetting,youcannotcreateyourownACE instancethatcanrunonthehost. 6 Dooneofthefollowing:
IfyouarecreatinganewACEinstance,createapackageforthisACEenabled virtualmachineandinstallitontheendusershost. IfyouarecreatinganupdateforastandaloneACEinstance,createanupdate package. IfyouarecreatinganupdateforamanagedACEinstance,openthevirtual machineandpublishthechangestoACEManagementServer.
ChangestotheallowVMspropertyortherequiredCreatorIDpropertyrepresent changestohostwidepolicies.Packagesthatincludethesehostpoliciesrequire administratorprivilegestoinstall. 7 (Optional)IfyouplantorunmultipleACEinstancesontheendusersmachine,do thefollowing: a EdittheaceMaster.datfilefortheotherACEenabledvirtualmachinesand setthecreatorIDpropertytothesamevaluethatyouusedinStep 5. SetonlythecreatorIDpropertyandnottherequiredCreatorIDproperty fortheseothervirtualmachines. b RepeatStep 6.
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Writing Plug-In Policy Scripts

YoucanwritescriptstocontrolcertainpoliciesinVMwarePlayer.Youmayuseany languagethatissupportedontheuserscomputer. Forsecurityreasons,scriptsmustbedeployedaspartofapackageandinstalledbythe packageinstaller.Userscannotmodifythesescripts. Whenscriptsrun,theymustwritetheappropriatevaluestotheStdOut file.Outputto theStdOutfilemightbeupto4096byteslong. PlaceanyscriptsyouwanttouseforapackageintheACE Resourcesdirectoryinthe virtualmachinedirectory.DonotplacetheminasubdirectoryoftheACE Resources directory.Ifthescriptsneedanyadditionalresourcefiles,placethosefilesinthemain ACE Resourcesdirectory.Makesurethescriptusesrelativepathstoreferencethose resources. ScriptscanalsowritemessagestotheStdErrfile.OutputtotheStdErrfilemaybeup to4096byteslong.AnymessagesgeneratedontheStdErrfilearecapturedinthelog fileontheendusersmachineatthefollowinglocation:
<UserAppData>\VMware\VMware ACE\<package_name>\Virtual Machines\<VM_name>\vmware.log
Theexitcodeofascriptindicateswhetherthescriptsucceededorfailed. Table 191describestheenvironmentvariablessetinthescriptexecutionenvironment. Table 19-1. Environment Variables

Variable VMWARE_MASTER_ID VMWARE_PACKAGE_ID VMWARE_INSTANCE_ID Description TheIDoftheACEenabledvirtualmachine(ACEmaster). TheIDofthepackagethevirtualmachinewasinstantiated from. ABooleanvaluethatissettoTRUEthefirsttimethevirtual machineispoweredon.Otherwise,itissettoFALSE.
AllscriptsruneachtimetheenduserstartsVMwarePlayerorresetsthevirtual machine.Somemightrunmoreoften.Forexample,anexpirationscriptisrunevery24 hours. ThesamplescriptspresentedinExamplesofPolicyScriptsonpage 425areinstalled withVMwarePlayerinthefollowinglocation:

C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Player\Samples
Thetopicsthatfollowshowtheformatfortheoutputthatyourscriptsmustwritetothe StdOutfiletocontrolvariouspolicies.
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Examples of Policy Scripts

Examplesincludeanauthenticationscript,ahosttoguestdatascript,andapoweron hookscript. SamplescriptsareinstalledwithVMwarePlayerinthefollowinglocation:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Player\Samples
Example of an Authentication Script

Thisscriptexampleincludesthebasicelementsrequiredforanyauthenticationscript. Thepurposeofanauthenticationscriptistodooneofthefollowing:
Iftheuseristobegrantedaccesstothevirtualmachine,generatethedatausedto createthekeyforthisuserandsenditasoutput.Thedatamustbeuniqueforeach user.Ifaccessisgranted,theexitcodeis0. Iftheuseristobedeniedaccesstothevirtualmachine,thescriptexitswitha nonzeroexitcode.Thisisareferencetotheexitcode,nottheoutputvalue.
Theoutputofthescriptishashedtocreateakeytoencryptanddecryptvirtualmachine files.Thefirsttimethisscriptisrun,theoutputishashedtoencryptthevirtualmachine. Whenavirtualmachineisdecrypted,thescriptmustreturnthesamevalue.Ifthescript returnsadifferentvalue,thevirtualmachineisnotdecryptedandtheuserseesanerror message. Thescriptmayreturnanyvalue.Toensurebestsecurity,avaluethatincludesonly printablecharactersshouldbeatleast32byteslong.Forbinarydata,thevalueshould beatleast16byteslongtoensureproperentropy.TheoutputissenttotheStdOutfile. ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_auth.pl.CompileitwithaPerlinterpretertorunit.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE script authentication Description: This sample script looks up the user as defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME and returns seed data that is used to make a key for authenticationpurposes. It assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns the seed data from a harcoded map of username to seed data.
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# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
Input to script: None. Returns: 0 if successful (user is correctly authenticated). -1 if TEST_USERNAME is not set, or the user is unrecognized. Expected output: Seed data for creating script authentication key on stdout. Notes: If the script returns success, its output will be used to create a key. Therefore, it is important that the output of this script be unique for each user, and that there is enough data to make a meaningful key (at least 16 bytes).
my %user_map= ( 'charlie' 'kathy' 'beth' 'ernie' 'bert' );
=> => => => =>
'E1C4F612135B4D98A33B2C9BD595025D', 'C79AFFEF773D61225751C2566858DB08', '05B169B439B26AAB2EA4F755B7E3800C', '8CE63D4AA2068BD8AFF2D1B05F3495A5', '"172B1619B2EFBE0E4F381AA1C428F049'
my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "You should set the TEST_USERNAME environment variable.\n"; exit(-1); }
my $key_seed = $user_map{$username}; if (! defined $key_seed) { print "Unrecognized username.\n"; exit(-1); } print $key_seed; exit(0);
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Example of a Host to Guest Data Script

ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_hostdata.pl.YouneedaPerlinterpretertorunthisscript.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE Host-Guest Data script Description: This sample script passes information defined on the host to the guest. It assumes that the machine name is defined in the environment variable TEST_MACHINENAME and that the asset tag is defined in the environment variable TEST_ASSETTAG. (These are fictitious variables used for this # # sample). Input to script: None. Returns: 0 if successful. Expected output: Set of acceptable key/value pairs where the values are fetched from the environment variables. These values can be retrieved from within the Guest operating system using the VMware Tools.
my $machine_name = $ENV{TEST_MACHINENAME}; my $asset_tag = $ENV{TEST_ASSETTAG}; my $host_mac = $ENV{TEST_MACHINEMAC}; if (defined $machine_name) { print "machine.id = " . $machine_name . "\n"; } if (defined $asset_tag) { print "guestinfo.assetTag = " . $asset_tag . "\n"; } if (defined $host_mac) { printf "guestinfo.mac = " . $host_mac . "\n"; } exit(0);
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Example of a Power-On Hook Script

ThefollowingexampleiswritteninPerl.ItisinstalledbyWorkstationas sample_poweron.pl.YouneedaPerlinterpretertorunthisscript.
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # VMware Sample Script Sample script for ACE power-on hook Description: This sample script implements a power-on hook for ACE. This can be used in addition to authentication to control the circumstances under which an ACE is allowed to run. This script assumes that the username is defined in the environment variable TEST_USERNAME (a ficticious environment variable used for this sample) and returns TRUE if the user is allowed to run, and FALSE otherwise. Input to script: None. Returns: TRUE if username is on white list. FALSE if username is not on white list or is undefined. Expected output: One of the strings "TRUE" or "FALSE"
my @white_list = ("alan", "bob", "mary", "sonia", "chris"); my $username = $ENV{TEST_USERNAME}; if (! defined $username) { print "FALSE"; exit(0); } my @grepNames = grep(/$username/, @white_list); if (@grepNames == 1) { print "TRUE"; exit(0); } print "FALSE"; exit(0);
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Customizing the VMware Player Interface on Windows Hosts Only

YoucancustomizeseveralaspectsoftheVMwarePlayeruserinterfaceforACE instancesthatrunonWindowshosts.Yousavethesecustomizationsinatextfileand identifythattextfile,calledtheskinfile.
Create and Specify a Skin File

AskinfilecontainsparametersettingsforcustomizingtheVMwarePlayeruser interface.Usethisfiletochangeapplicationicons,thetextthatappearsinthetitlebar, andtochangethewayremovabledevicesarepresented. ThisfeatureisavailableonlyforVMwarePlayerrunningonWindowshosts. To create and specify a skin file 1 Useatexteditortocreateaskinfilethatincludestheparameterstocustomize. Useonelineforeachparameterandusethefollowingform:
<parameter> = "<value>"
Foralistofvaluestouseinparameters,seeTable 192,Table 193,andTable 194. Tocommentoutalineintheskinfile,beginthelinewiththepound(#)sign. 2 Savetheskinfilewiththefilenameskin.txtintheACE Resourcesdirectoryin thevirtualmachinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. Thefilenamemustbeskin.txt. 3 (Optional)TodisplayapplicationiconsotherthantheVMwarePlayericon,place thenew.icoiconfilesintheACE Resourcesdirectory. Foriconssizesandskinfileparameters,seeCustomizingtheVMwarePlayer Iconsonpage 430. 4 5 InWorkstation,closetheACEenabledvirtualmachine. UseatexteditortoopentheaceMaster.datfileinthevirtualmachinedirectory andaddthefollowingline:
vmplayer.skin = "skin.txt"
BecausetheskinfileisintheACE Resourcesdirectory,youdonotneedtospecify thedirectorypathtothefile.
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6 7
SaveandclosetheaceMaster.datfile. (Optional)Todeterminewhethertheparametersaresetcorrectly,previewthe virtualmachineinVMwarePlayer. SeeUsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 448.
Customizing the VMware Player Icons

VMwarePlayerhasseparatelargeandsmallapplicationicons.Thelargeiconisused intheapplicationswitchinginterface(visiblewhenyoupressAlt+Tab).Thesizeofthe largeiconisusually32x32pixels,butVMwarePlayeruseswhateversizeisspecifiedfor iconsizeinthesystempreference.Thesmall(16x16pixels)iconisusedintheVMware PlayertitlebarandontheWindowstaskbarbuttonforVMwarePlayer. Theiconsusedforthesepurposesmustbein.ico fileformatandlocatedintheACE Resourcessubdirectoryinthevirtualmachinedirectory.Theapplicableparametersin theskinfileincludethefollowing:
player.iconSmall = "<filename>" player.iconLarge = "<filename>"
One.icofilecancontainmultipleiconsofdifferentsizes.Youcanspecifythesame .icofileforplayer.iconSmallandplayer.iconLarge.VMwarePlayerextractsthe iconoftheappropriatesizeforeachuse.
Customizing the Title Bar Text

YoucanspecifywhattextappearsintheVMwarePlayertitlebar.Youcanalsospecify thefontandfontsizeusedtodisplaythetext. Thetextdisplayedinthetitlebarconsistsofthreesections:aprefix,thevirtualmachine name,andasuffix.TheparameterslistedinTable 192allowyoutosetanyprefixand suffix,ortoomittheprefix,thesuffix,orboth.Theyalsoallowyoutoincludeoromit thevirtualmachinename. Ifyouleavethedefaultsforallvalues,thetitlebardisplaysonlythevirtualmachine nameat32pointsintheMSShellDlgfont.
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Table 192describestheVMwarePlayertitletextparameters. Table 19-2. VMware Player Title Text Parameters

Parameter player.title.prefix player.title.useVMName player.title.suffix player.title.font.face player.title.font.size Type string Boolean string string integer Default TRUE MSShellDlg 32 Controls Titlebarprefix Whetherthevirtual machinenameisdisplayed Titlebarsuffix Fontname(thefontmustbe ontheuserscomputer) Pointsizeforthetext
Customizing the Removable Device Display

RemovabledevicesarerepresentedintheVMwarePlayerinterfaceeitherbybuttons onatoolbarorbymenuitemsonaDevicesmenu.Youcanspecifythetypeofdisplay. Youcanalsospecifytext,icon,oracombinationofthetwoandspecifycustomicons. Ifyouusecustomicons,copytheiconfilestotheACE Resourcesdirectoryinthe virtualmachinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. SettingsyoumakeintheskinfileoverrideanysettingstheusermakesintheVMware Playerpreferencesdialogbox. Usethefollowingparametertocontrolwhetherdevicesareshownastoolbaritems:
player.deviceBar.toplevel = [TRUE | FALSE]
SettheparametertoTRUEforatoolbarorFALSEforamenu.
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UsetheparametersshowninTable 193tocustomizethedisplayforeachremovable deviceconfiguredinthevirtualmachine. Table 19-3. Removable Devices Parameters

Parameter player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonStyle player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonText Type string(text,icon, texticon) string Default text Userfriendly devicename Controls Appearanceoftoolbar buttonormenuitem Textthatappearsonthe toolbarbuttonormenu itemwhendeviceis connected Textthatappearsonthe toolbarbuttonormenu itemwhendeviceis disconnected Textthatappearsinthe tooltipwhendeviceis connected Textthatappearsinthe tooltipwhendeviceis disconnected Customiconfilewhen deviceisconnected Customiconfilewhen deviceisdisconnected Shortcutkeycombination toswitchthedevice betweenconnectedand disconnected(see ShortcutKeyValueson page 433)
player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.buttonTextD isconnected player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.tooltip player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.tooltipDisc onnected player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.icon player.deviceBar. <deviceName>iconDisconne cted player.deviceBar. <deviceName>.shortcutKey
string(optional)
Normalbuttontext
string
string(optional)
Normaltooltip
filename filename(optional)
Iconrepresenting thistypeofdevice Normalicon
keySpec
Followingarethedevicenamesyoucanusefor<deviceName>intheparametername:

floppy0,floppy1 serial0,serial1,serial2,serial3 parallel0,parallel1,parallel2 ide0:0,ide0:1,ide1:0,ide1:1(IDECDROMorharddrives) scsi0:0scsi0:7(SCSICDROMorharddrives)

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Shortcut Key Values

Usevirtualkeycodestospecifykeyboardshortcuts.Virtualkeycodesusehexadecimal format,whichisahexadecimalnumberprecededby0x.Forexample,tousethevirtual keycodeof5Aasavalue,type0x5A. MicrosoftprovidesareferencelistofvirtualkeycodesonitsMSDNWebsite. YoucanalsousetheCtrl,Alt,andShiftmodifierkeys,oracombinationofthosekeys. Table 194providestheshortcutkeyvalues. Table 19-4. Shortcut Key Values
Modifier key Nomodifier Alt Ctrl Shift Ctrl+Alt Alt+Shift Ctrl+Shift Ctrl+Alt+Shift Value 0x0 0x1 0x2 0x4 0x3 0x5 0x6 0x7
.
Whenyoulistakeyplusamodifier,typethevirtualkeycodeforthekeyfollowedby acomma,followedbythevalueforthemodifierkeyorkeys.Forexample,thevalue entryforCtrl+Shift+F1is0x70,0x6. Keepthefollowinglimitationsinmindwhendefiningshortcutkeys:

DonotusethePausekeywiththeCtrlkey. IfyouuseF12,youmustuseoneormoremodifierkeys.YoucannotuseF12alone. YoucannotusecombinationsthatincludeonlytheShift,Ctrl,andAltkeys.You canusethesekeysonlyasmodifiersincombinationwithsomeotherkey.
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Sample Skin File

player.title.prefix = "Our Company <<" player.title.suffix = ">> Environment" # player.title.useVMName = "FALSE # player.deviceBar.toplevel = TRUE player.deviceBar.floppy0.buttonStyle = "icon" player.deviceBar.floppy0.buttonText = "First Floppy Drive" player.deviceBar.floppy0.shortcutKey = "0x30,0x7" player.deviceBar.floppy0.icon = "custom-floppy.ico" player.deviceBar.floppy0.tooltip = "Click to disconnect" player.deviceBar.floppy0.tooltipDisconnected = "Click to connect" # player.deviceBar.ethernet0.buttonStyle = "icon" # player.deviceBar.ide1:0.buttonStyle = "icon" # player.deviceBar.audio.buttonStyle = "icon"
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Deploying ACE Packages
20
ThischapterprovidesinstructionsforspecifyingdeploymentsettingsforACE packages,creatingACEpackages,anddeployingpackagestoendusers.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics:

EditDeploymentSettingsonpage 435 ACEResourcesDirectoryonpage 446 ReviewtheConfigurationofanACEEnabledVirtualMachineonpage 447 UsePreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 448 CreatingaPackageonpage 449 PerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTestonpage 455 DeployPackagesonpage 456
Edit Deployment Settings

Deploymentsettingsenableyoutoconfigurepackagecharacteristics,suchasinstance customizationandencryption,andthenapplythosesettingstoasmanypackagesas youchoose.Changestodeploymentsettingsaffectonlypackagescreatedafterthe changesaremade.Theydonotapplytoexistingpackages. Beforeyoucanusethedeploymentsettingseditoronavirtualmachine,youmust enableACEfeaturesforthatvirtualmachine.SeeOverviewofCreatingand DeployingACEPackagesonpage 385.
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To edit deployment settings 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Deployment Settings. Inthedeploymentsettingseditor,selectanitemintheSettinglist. CompletethesettingspanelforthatdeploymentsettingandclickOKorselect anothersettingtoedit. Forassistancewiththefieldsonasettingspanel,clickHelp.
Encryption Settings
Encryptionsettingsareoftwotypes:
PackageprotectionProtectspackagefilesfrombeingcopiedoralteredwhilein transit.IfyousetpackageprotectiontoEncrypted,theNewPackagewizard encryptsthevirtualmachinewhenapackageiscreated. InstanceprotectionProtectsACEinstancefilesfrombeingcopiedoralteredafter installationandactivation.Youmustspecifyanauthenticationmethodifyouwant theinstallertoencrypttheACEinstance.
Theactivationandauthenticationpoliciesyouchoosedeterminewhichdefault encryptionsettingsareappliedtothepackageandfiles.SeeSettingAccessControl Policiesonpage 391.VMwarerecommendsthesedefaultsettingsforproduction environments.Thefilesdonotneedtobeencryptedwhenyoudeployapackageina testenvironment. NOTEIfyousettheencryptionsettingstoNone,anyverificationspecifiedinthe resourcesigningpolicyisnotperformed.Theencryptionpackagesettingoverridesthe resourcesigningpolicysetting.SeeSettingResourceSigningPoliciesonpage 401.
Package Lifetime Settings

YoucanspecifyatimeperiodduringwhichanACEpackageisinstallable.Ifauser attemptstoinstallapackageoutsideofthistimeperiod,anerrormessageappearsand thepackageisnotinstalled. Theadministratorcanchangethepackagelifetimesettingsonmanagedpackageseven afterpackagecreation.
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Chapter 20 Deploying ACE Packages
Change Package Lifetime Settings for a Managed Package

IfyouusetheACEManagementServer,youcanchangethepackagelifetimesettings ordeactivateapackageimmediately. Beforeyoubegin,makesureWorkstationisconnectedtotheACEManagementServer. Forinformationaboutinstallingandsettinguptheserver,seetheVMwareACE ManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. To change package lifetime settings for a managed package 1 2 3 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseView>CurrentView> Summary. ClickthePackagessectiontab. Rightclickthepackageanddooneofthefollowing:

TochangethepackagelifetimesettingschooseProperties>Settings. TodeactivatethepackageimmediatelychooseDeactivate.
Instance Customization on Windows Guests Only

InstancecustomizationappliesonlytoACEinstancesthathaveaWindowsguest operatingsysteminstalled.Theinstancecustomizationprocessisbuiltaroundthe standardMicrosoftSysprepdeploymenttools.Itprovidesthefollowingbenefits:
AutomatestheSysprepprocess(theuseoftheMicrosoftSysprepdeployment tools).ItgivesyoubettercontrolofsomeSysprepparameters,suchascomputer name. AutomatesjoiningACEinstancestoadomainfromaremotesite.SeeSetUpa RemoteDomainJoinonpage 443. FormanagedACEinstances,theinstancecustomizationprocessontheusers machinereportsthesuccessorfailureoftheprocesstotheserver.Theinformation isavailableintheinstanceviewofWorkstation.Besidesstatus,theprocessalso reportstheMACaddressandthenewcomputername.
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Instance Customization Process During Packaging

Ifyouspecifyinstancecustomizationdeploymentsettings,thefollowingeventsoccur whenyoucompletetheNewPackagewizard: 1 2 AsnapshotoftheACEenabledvirtualmachineistakenandsaved. TheACEenabledvirtualmachineispoweredon,andalltherequireddeployment toolsandfiles,includingtheappropriateMicrosoftSyspreptools,arecopiedinto theguest. Thereisnovisibleindicationshowingthecopyingprocess.SeeDownloadthe MicrosoftSysprepDeploymentToolsonpage 440. 3 4 5 TheMicrosoftdeploymenttoolsruninsidetheguestoperatingsystemtosealthe guestandpreparefordeployment. Theguestoperatingsystemshutsdown. TheACEenabledvirtualmachineisclonedintothepackagedirectory. Thevirtualmachinefilesarecopiedintothedirectory,encryptedifsettodoso,and dividedtobeputonmediaifsettodoso. 6 7 8 TheACEenabledvirtualmachinerevertstothesnapshot. Thesnapshotisdeleted. Theinstallerfilesarecopiedintothepackagedirectory.
Instance Customization on the End Users Machine

OntheACEusersmachine,aftertheinstallationandinstanceactivation,thefollowing eventsoccur: 1 2 Allinformationrequiredforresolvingplaceholdervariablesisobtained. PlaceholdervariablesareresolvedandreplacedwiththeactualvaluesfortheACE instance. SeePlaceholderValuestoUseinInstanceCustomizationonpage 442. 3 TheMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessrunsunattended. IftheMiniSetupprocessfails,theACEinstanceshutsdown. 4 (Optional)Additionalcommandstoexecuteotherscriptsthatyouspecifiedinthe instancecustomizationdeploymentsettingsareexecuted.
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(Optional)Ifyouconfiguredaremotedomainjoin,thesoftwareexecutesthescript youspecified,connectstheACEinstancetotheVPNserver,andjoinsthevirtual machinetothedomain. SeeSetUpaRemoteDomainJoinonpage 443.
Formanagedinstances,instancecustomizationisreportedtotheserverifitis successful.
Prerequisites for Using Instance Customization

InstancecustomizationisavailableforbothmanagedandstandaloneACEinstances. Beforeyouspecifyinstancecustomizationsettings,performthefollowingtasks:
InstallaWindows2000,32bitor64bitXPProfessional,Server2003,Vista,or7 guestoperatingsystemonanACEenabledvirtualmachine. InstallthelatestversionofVMwareToolsontheguestoperatingsystem.See InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101. DownloadtheMicrosoftSyspreptools.SeeDownloadtheMicrosoftSysprep DeploymentToolsonpage 440. Gatherthefollowinginformation:

TheWindowsproductIDfortheguestoperatingsysteminstallation. IftheACEinstancewillbejoinedtoadomain(whethertheinstanceislocalor remotetothedomain),theusernameandpasswordforanaccountthathas permissiontoaddcomputerstothedomain. RemotedomainjoinparametersifaremoteACEinstancewillbejoinedtoa domain.SeeSetUpaRemoteDomainJoinonpage 443.
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Download the Microsoft Sysprep Deployment Tools

YoudonotneedtodownloadMicrosoftSysprepdeploymenttoolsifyouhavea WindowsVistaandWindows7operatingsystem.TheyareincludedwiththeWindows VistaandWindows7installation. To download the Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools 1 2 GototheMicrosoftWebsiteandsearchforSysprepdeploymenttools. FollowtheinstructionsonthesitefordownloadingtheSysprepdeploymenttools. Downloadallversionsthatcorrespondtotheguestoperatingsystemsthatyou plantodeploy.ThesetoolsincludeSysprepdeploymenttoolsforWindows2000, Windows2003,andWindowsXPProfessionalSP1andSP2.TheSP1versionworks withWindowsXPProfessionalwithnoservicepackandWindowsXPProfessional SP1. 3 Unzipthefilesintothecorrespondingversionspecificdirectoryinthe Resources\SysprepToolsdirectory. Forexample,forWindowsXPSP3,unzipthefilesto:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\Resources\SysprepTools\xpsp3
Specify Deployment Settings for Instance Customization

Beforeyoubegin,installallrequiredfilesforcustomizationscripts.SeePrerequisites forUsingInstanceCustomizationonpage 439. To specify deployment settings for instance customization 1 2 SelecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE>Deployment Settings. SelectInstanceCustomizationandcompletethesettingspanel.
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SelectSystemOptionsandcompletethesettingspanel. Usethefollowinginformationtocompletethefields:
SystemoptionsYoucanuseplaceholdervariablesforthesystemname, organizationname,andcomputername.Fordetailsontheplaceholder variables,includinganexample,seePlaceholderValuestoUseinInstance Customizationonpage 442. CAUTIONTheMiniSetupprocessfailsifyouenteradministratorinthe NamefieldortheComputerNamefieldorforWindowsVistaandWindows 7guests,ifthecomputernameismorethan15characters. Ifyousetthe%logon_user%placeholderinthosefieldsandtheplaceholder variableresolvestoadministrator,thesoftwareautomaticallychangesthe valuetoarandomalphanumericstringof10characters.
SecurityIDAnewSIDisalwaysgeneratedforWindowsVistaand Windows7guests,regardlessofthesettingyouchoosehere.
SelectInitializationScriptsandtypetheadditionalcommandstorunscriptsinthe guestoperatingsystemattheendoftheMiniSetupprocessontheACEusers machine. Formoreinformationaboutcommands,seetheMicrosoftdeploymenttools documentation. Specifythepathtothebatchfilewithoutusingquotationmarks.Quotationmarks areaddedautomatically.Formoreinformation,seetheMicrosoftknowledgebase articleabouttroubleshootingCmdlines.textduringanunattendedsetup.
SelectWorkgrouporDomainandcompletethesettingspanelusingthefollowing information:
InstancecustomizationsupportsonlyIPaddressesthatDHCPservers provide.StaticIPaddressesarenotsupported. ToallowthisACEinstancetojointhedomainfromalocationremotetothe domain,seeSetUpaRemoteDomainJoinonpage 443.
SpecifyothertypesofdeploymentsettingsorclickOK.
Tocreateapackagewiththesesettings,seeCreatingaPackageonpage 449.
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Placeholder Values to Use in Instance Customization

Useplaceholdervaluestoconstructmachinespecificnamesinsidetheguestoperating systemduringtheMiniSetupprocess. Followingaretheavailableplaceholders:
%logon_user%or%logon_user(n)% Theuserloggedintothehostmachineat thetimetheMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessbegins. Youcanuse%logon_user(n)%,where<n>isthemaximumnumberofcharacters obtainedfromtheactualloggedinuserwhenthenameisresolved.Use<n>ifyou theusernamemustberesolvedtonomorethanacertainnumberofcharacters. Forexample,ifyouspecifythat3randomcharactersaretobeaddedtotheactual usernameandyouwanttolimittheresolvednameto15characters,set<n>to12. YourentryintheNamefieldintheSystemOptionspanelis %logon_user(12)%%random_alpha_digit(3)%. Including(n)intheplaceholderisoptional.Ifyouuseonly%logon_user% orif youset<n>tozero(0),theplaceholderresolvestothefullloggedinusername.
%host_name% or %host_name(n)% Thenameofthehostcomputer(usually usedwithsomeadditionalrandomnumberorname). Youcanuse%host_name(n)%,where<n>isthemaximumnumberofcharacters obtainedfromtheactualcomputerhostnamewhenthenameisresolved.Use<n> ifthehostnamemustberesolvedtonotmorethanacertainnumberofcharacters. Forexample,ifyouspecifythat3randomcharactersaretobeaddedtotheactual hostnameandyouwanttolimittheresolvednameto15characters,set<n>to12. YourentryintheComputerNamefieldintheSystemOptionspanelis %host_name(12)%%random_alpha_digit(3)%. Including(n)intheplaceholderisoptional.Ifyouuseonly%host_name%,orif youset<n>tozero(thatis,theplaceholderresolvestothefullhostname.
%random_alpha_digit(n)%Arandomlygeneratedstringoflettersand numbers,where<n>isthenumberofcharacters.Youmustspecify<n>. %random_alpha(n)%Arandomlygeneratedstringofletters,where<n>isthe numberofcharacters.Youmustspecify<n>. %random_digit(n)%Arandomlygeneratedstringofnumericcharacters,where <n>isthenumberofcharacters.Youmustspecify<n>.
ForWindowsVistaandWindows7guests,ifthecomputernameismorethan15 characters,theMiniSetupprocessfailsontheusermachine.
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Specify Additional License Information for Windows Server Products

TosupplyadditionallicenseinformationforWindowsServerproducts,youcanadda filenamedsysprep_license.txttotheACEenabledvirtualmachinedirectory. To specify additional license information for Windows Server products 1 2 Useatexteditortocreateafilenamedsysprep_license.txtinthevirtual machinedirectoryfortheACEenabledvirtualmachine. Addthefollowinglinetothefile:
AutoMode=[PerSeat | PerServer]
Thislineindicateswhetherthelicenseisforoneclientlicenseorforacertain numberofclientlicensesforaserver. 3 IfAutoModeissettoPerServer,addthefollowinglinetothefile,where<n> indicatesthenumberofclientlicensesfortheserver:

AutoUsers=<n>
Formoreinformation,gototheMicrosoftTechNetWebsiteandintheWindowsServer Library,searchfor[LicenseFilePrintData](Sysprep). Ifthisfileisnotfoundinthevirtualmachinedirectory,adefaultisused.AutoModeis settoPerServerwith5clientlicenses. Ifyousupplythisfile,thelicenseportionoftheMiniSetupprocessappearsunchanged duringpreview.YoualwaysseeAutoMode=PerServerandAutoUsers=5inthe MiniSetupuserinterface.Thelicenseinformationyousupplyisneverthelessset correctlybytheMiniSetupprocess.
Set Up a Remote Domain Join

TheremotedomainjoinfeatureprovidesanautomatedwaytojoinACEinstancestoa domainfromaremotesite. AftertheACEpackageisinstalledontheendusersmachineandtheACEinstanceis activatedandauthenticated,theMicrosoftMiniSetupprocessruns.Thescriptfor joiningtheremoteACEinstancetothedomainexecutesattheendofthatprocess,and themachineisjoinedtothedomain.
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Beforeyoubegin,performthefollowingtasks:
DeterminewhichVPNclienttodownload.TheVPNclientmustsupporta commandlineinterfacesothatascriptcanbeusedforloggingintotheVPN server.YoumightneedtocontacttheVPNproductstechnicalsupporttofindout whethertheVPNclientsupportsacommandlineinterface. ObtainaVPNaccountforloggingintotheserver.Credentialsincludeausername andpassword.Randomlygeneratedsecuritytokenscannotbeusedaspasswords. Forexample,youcannotuseanRSAsecuritytoken. DeterminethefollowinginformationtousefortheVPNclientprofile:the companysgroupandpasswordinformationandthenameoftheVPNserverto contacttoestablishasecureconnection. DeterminethenameofthedomainthatyouplantoaddtheACEinstanceto. Determinetheusernameandpasswordforanaccountthathaspermissiontoadd computerstothedomain.
To set up a remote domain join 1 2 IntheguestoperatingsystemoftheACEenabledvirtualmachine,installaVPN clientthatsupportsacommandlineinterface. UsetheVPNclientsoftwaretoconfigureaprofileforthisclient. TheprofileintheVPNclientcontainsacompanysgroupandpassword informationanddetermineswhichservertocontacttoestablishasecure connection. 3 Writea.batscriptthatallowsremoteexecutionduringtheinstancecustomization process. Followingisanexampleofa.batscriptforaCiscoVPNclient:
"net" start "Cisco Systems, Inc. VPN Service" "C:\Program Files\Cisco Systems\VPN Client\vpnclient.exe" connect <profile_name> user <vpn_user_name> pwd %1 >> vpnlogs.txt
Thisexampleconsistsoftwolines.ThecommandinthefirstlinestartstheCisco VPNclientsbackgroundservice.Thecommandinthesecondlineconnectstothe CiscoVPNusingacommandlineinterface.ItsuppliesthenameoftheVPNprofile andthecredentialsforloggingintotheVPNserver.Theexampleusesthe passwordplaceholdervariable,butyoucouldalsouseastaticpasswordforthe VPNaccount.Astaticpasswordincludedinascriptissentincleartext.
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4 5 6 7
Savethe.batfileontheC:driveoftheguestsfilesystem. InWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineandchooseVM>ACE> DeploymentSettings. SelectWorkgrouporDomain. Inthesettingspanel,selectDomainandspecifyanorganizationalunitanduser nameforanaccountthathaspermissiontoaddcomputerstothedomain. AnexampleofanentryintheOUfullpathfileis OU=orgunits,DC=dpt,DC=domain,DC=com. IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineismanaged,passwordsandcommandsare storedonACEManagementServer. IftheACEenabledvirtualmachineisstandalone,passwordsandcommandsare storedwiththepackage.Besuretouseencryptionforthepackage.
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SelectEnableRemoteDomainJoin. SpecifythepasswordforloggingintotheVPNserver. Youcanthenusethe%password%placeholdervariableintheCommandtextbox torefertothispassword.
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Enterthecommandthatexecutesthescript. Forexample,ifyounamethe.batscriptvpn.batandwanttousethepassword placeholdervariable,enterthefollowingcommand:

C:\vpn.bat%password%
Ifyouuseapasswordplaceholdervariable(%password%)intheCommandfield, theplaceholdervariableisresolvedandreplacedwiththevaluefromthe Passwordfieldwhenthescriptexecutes. 11 ClickOK. Tocreateapackagewiththesesettings,seeCreatingaPackageonpage 449.
Custom EULA Settings

Youcanprovideacustomenduserlicenseagreement(EULA)thatappearswhenan ACEinstanceisactivated.Theusermustseeandaccepttheagreementbeforethe instancecanrunforthefirsttime.
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ThecustomEULAmustbeatextfilelocatedintheACE Resourcesdirectoryforthe ACEenabledvirtualmachine.Thefilecanusethefollowingformats:

ForWindowshosts,usea.txtor.rtffile. ForLinuxhosts,usea.txtfile. IfyouplantodeploythepackagetobothWindowsandLinuxcomputers,usea .txtfile.
TospecifywhethertodeploytoWindowshosts,Linuxhosts,orboth,usethe DeploymentPlatformsettinginthedeploymentsettingseditor.
Deployment Platform Settings

Bydefault,ACEpackagesarecreatedforWindowshosts.Changethissettingtodeploy toLinuxorbothLinuxandWindowshosts.
ACE Resources Directory

TheACE ResourcesdirectoryisasubdirectoryoftheACEenabledvirtualmachines directory.AllfilesplacedinthisdirectoryarecopiedintotheACEpackagesothatthey canbeusedinendusersvirtualmachines. PlacethefollowingtypesoffilesintheACE Resourcesdirectory:
Authenticationscripts SeeUsinganAuthenticationScriptonpage 394.
Poweronandpoweroffscripts SeeIncludeaPowerOnandPowerOffScriptinthePackageonpage 394.
Otherresourcefilesthatauthentication,poweron,orpoweroffscriptscall DevicefilessuchasISOimagesorFLPimagesthatthevirtualmachineis configuredtopointto Theskinfile,whichyoucancreatetocustomizetheVMwarePlayericons, removabledeviceicons,andtitlebartextusedintheVMwarePlayeruserinterface onWindowsguests SeeCreateandSpecifyaSkinFileonpage 429.
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IconfilesforremovabledevicesortheVMwarePlayerapplication SeeCustomizingtheVMwarePlayerIconsonpage 430andCustomizingthe RemovableDeviceDisplayonpage 431.
CustomEULAs SeeCustomEULASettingsonpage 445.
WhenyouusetheACE Resourcesdirectory,takethefollowingconsiderationsinto account:
DonotplacefilesinasubdirectoryoftheACE Resourcesdirectory.Ifscriptsor skinfilesreferenceotherfiles,placethoseotherfilesinthemainACE Resources directory.Makesurethescriptusesrelativepathstoreferencethoseresources. AresourceisconsideredanyfileintheACE Resourcesdirectory.Youcanspecify whethertoverifyallfilesintheACE Resourcesdirectoryorjustthepolicyscripts inthatdirectory.Formoreinformation,seeSettingResourceSigningPolicieson page 401.
IfyouchangeapolicyorpackagesettingthatrequirestheACE Resources directory,youmustcreateanupdatepackagetodeploythechangetoendusers.
Review the Configuration of an ACE-Enabled Virtual Machine

TofinishpreparingyourACEenabledvirtualmachineanditsfilesforpackaging, reviewitsconfigurationandpoliciesandensurethattheappropriateoperatingsystem andsoftwareareinstalledinit. To review the configuration of an ACE-enabled virtual machine 1 VerifythattheACEenabledvirtualmachinehasthenecessaryoperatingsystem, applicationsoftware,andVMwareToolsinstalled. SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 101.Foroperatingsystemsupportand knownissues,gototheVMwareWebsite,andclicktheSupport&Downloads tab.UnderSupportResources,clicktheCompatibilityGuideslink. 2 3 4 Toreviewconfigurationsettings,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineand chooseView>CurrentView>Summary. Toreviewvirtualmachinedevicesandvirtualhardware,clicktheDevicestabin thesummaryview. Toreviewvirtualmachineconfigurationoptions,clicktheOptionstab.
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Tomakechangestodevicesoroptions,clickEditvirtualmachinesettingsinthe Commandslist. Toreviewpoliciesanddeploymentsettings,clicktheACEtab. Tomakechangestopoliciesordeploymentsettings,clickEditpoliciesorEdit deploymentsettingsintheCommandslist.
Use Preview Mode to Test Policy and Deployment Settings

Previewmodeenablesyoutoseetheeffectsofchangedpolicieswithouthavingto packageanddeploythem.Previewmodealsoenablesyoutoseetheeffectsofsetup choiceswithouthavingtocreate,deploy,andinstallafullpackage. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthesettingsanddeploymentplatformsyouwanttotest areappropriateforpreviewmode.BecauseACEfeaturesareavailableonlyinthe WindowsversionofWorkstation,youcannotusepreviewmodetorunACEinstances createdforLinuxhosts.Youalsocannottestahostpolicyinpreviewmode.TotestACE instancesthatyouplantodeployonLinuxhosts,orforwhichyouwanttotestahost policy,seePerformanEndtoEndDeploymentTestonpage 455. YoucanruntheACEinstanceinpreviewmodeinVMwarePlayerandalsorunthe ACEenabledvirtualmachineinWorkstationwithouthavingtoshutdownthe preview. NOTEYoucanrunanyACEenabledvirtualmachinedirectlyinWorkstationtobesure thattheguestoperatingsystemandapplicationsperformasexpected.However,an ACEenabledvirtualmachinerunninginWorkstationdoesnotrespectanypoliciesthat restrictitsfunctionality. To use preview mode to test policy and deployment settings 1 2 3 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetotest. Inthesummaryview,clickEditpoliciesintheCommandslist. InthePolicylist,selectthepolicytochange,completethesettingspanelforthat policy,andclickOK.
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Inthesummaryview,clickthePreviewinPlayerintheCommandslist. Apackagebasedonalinkedcloneiscreatedinanewdirectory,Preview Deployment,insidetheACEenabledvirtualmachinesdirectory.Thelinkedclone iscreatedfromasnapshotofthevirtualmachinescurrentstate.Unlikeapackage thatisdeployedtoanACEusersmachine,thispackageisnotinstalled. VMwarePlayerallowsyoutoactivateandauthenticatetheACEinstance(ifthose policiesareset).Ifconfigured,instancecustomizationisalsoperformed.Theguest operatingsystemstarts.
TestthepolicychangeintherunningACEinstancetoensurethatitistheoneyou wanttomake. PreviewmodeenablesVMwarePlayertoruninteractivelysothatyoucanseeany instancecustomizationerrorsandmakecorrectionsasneeded.
(Optional)Tomakeadditionalchangestopoliciesordeploymentsettings,shut downthevirtualmachineandrepeatthisprocedure. YoucanhaveonlyonepreviewinstanceperACEenabledvirtualmachine.When youclickPreviewinPlayerasecondorsubsequenttime,amessageasksifyou wanttoreplacethecurrentpreviewinstancewithanewdeploymentorusethe existingdeployment. Tochangeonlypoliciesandnotrepeattheactivationandinstancecustomization steps,usetheexistingdeployment.
IfACEManagementServerismanagingthevirtualmachine,clickPublish PoliciestoServer.
Creating a Package
AfteryoucreateanACEenabledvirtualmachineandconfigurepolicies,devices,and deploymentsettings,usetheNewPackagewizardtocreateapackagethatyoucan deploytousers. NOTETocreateaPocketACEpackagefordistributiononportabledevices,usethe PocketACEPackagewizardratherthantheNewPackagewizard.SeeCreateaPocket ACEPackageonpage 460. ForpackagesthatyouplantodeploytoWindowshosts,youcanspecifythatthe packagebedistributedthroughanetworkimageorthroughDVDsorCDs.ForDVD andCDdistribution,thepackageisdividedintofilesthatfitonstandarddiscs.
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Overview of Package Creation and Validation

DependingonwhetheryouwanttodeployanewACEinstanceorupdateaninstalled one,youcancreateanyofthefollowingtypesofpackages:
FullIncludesaninstallerandtheadditionalfilesneededtoinstallanACE packageandtheVMwarePlayerapplicationthatrunstheACEinstance.Afull packageallowsyoutocreateacompletelynewACEinstance. CAUTIONIfyoureplaceanexistingACEinstancebysupplyinganewfull package,endusersloseanydataorcustomsettingsstoredintheolderACE instance.
PolicyUpdateorServerUpdateIncludesjustthepolicyrelatedfiles.

ForstandaloneACEenabledvirtualmachines,theoptionisPolicyUpdate. Formanagedvirtualmachines,theoptionisServerUpdate. Amongotherpolicies,aserverupdatepackageallowsyoutochangethe serverthattheACEenabledvirtualmachineisassociatedwithorchangean activationonlyserversetuptoanactivationandtrackingsetup.
CustomAllowsyoutochoosespecificitemstodeploy. PocketACEThecomponentsforaPocketACEpackagevaryslightlyfromthose forthefullpackage.ForinformationaboutthePocketACEpackage,seeCreatea PocketACEPackageonpage 460.
ThedeploymentsettingsanddevicesettingsthatyoualreadysetforanACEenabled virtualmachineallowyoutocreatemultiplepackagesquickly.Youcanusethesame settingsagainandagain. PackagevalidationoccursafteryoucompletetheNewPackagewizard.Package validationdoesthefollowing:
ChecksthatallfilesthattheACEenabledvirtualmachinerequiresarepresent. Thosefilesinclude:

Diskandsnapshotfiles Scriptfiles(ifanypolicyisusingscripts)
NOTEPackagevalidationdoesnotcheckfordevicefiles(ISOimages,FLPimages, andsoon).Toincludedevicefilesinthepackage,putthefilesintheACE ResourcesfolderfortheACEenabledvirtualmachineandsetthedevicestopoint tothatlocation.
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ChecksthattheACEenabledvirtualmachinecanbecloned:thatitispoweredoff, multiplesnapshotsareenabled,anditisnotreadonly. ChecksthatthelatestversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled. Ifinstancecustomizationisenabled,checksthattheSysprepToolsdirectoryfor theACEenabledvirtualmachinesguestoperatingsystemisnotempty. IftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows2000,WindowsXP,orWindows2003, checksthatthefoldersintheProgram Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\Resources\SysprepToolsfolderarenotempty.
YoucandeployapackageoveranetworkoronDVDorCD.Ifyoudeploythepackage ondiscs,thefirstdiscofthesetincludestheAutorunfilesneededtostarttheinstaller automaticallywhentheuserinsertsthediscinthehostcomputersdrive.
Turn Off the VMware Tools Check for Test Deployments

IfyoudonothavethelatestversionofVMwareToolsinstalledintheguestoperating system,thewizardfailstocreatethepackage.Tocreatepackageswithoutinstallingthe latestVMwareToolsversioneachtimeforexample,ifyouwanttoperformatest deploymentyoucanturnofftheVMwareToolscheck. To turn off the VMware Tools check for test deployments 1 CloseWorkstation. Useatexteditortoopenthepreferences.inifile,whichislocatedinthe followingdirectory:
OnWindowsXP:C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Application Data\VMware OnWindowsVistaandWindows7: C:\Users\<test>\AppData\Roaming\VMware
Addthefollowinglinetothefile:
pref.ignoreToolsPkgCheck = "TRUE"
SettingthislinetoFALSEreinstatestheVMwareToolscheck. 3 Saveandclosethepreferences.ini file.
Beforeyoucreatepackagesthatyouplantodeployinproductionenvironments, reinstatetheVMwareToolscheck.
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Prerequisites for Using the Packaging Wizards

ThefollowingprerequisitesapplytotheNewPackagewizardandthePocketACE Packagewizard:
EnsurethattheguestoperatingsystemandthemostrecentversionofVMware ToolsareinstalledintheACEenabledvirtualmachine.SeeInstallingVMware Toolsonpage 101. Defragmentvirtualdiskstoensurethatthepackageisascompactaspossible.See DefragmentVirtualDisksonpage 239. PreviewtheACEinstancetoverifythatallsettingsareworkingcorrectly.SeeUse PreviewModetoTestPolicyandDeploymentSettingsonpage 448. Determinethepasswordsusedforthepoliciesanddeploymentsettings.Thesecan includethefollowing:

ActivationpasswordAccesscontrolpolicyissettoPassword. DomainjoincredentialsAccesscontrolpolicyfortheACEinstanceissetto Password,andtheInstanceCustomizationdeploymentsettingforDomain isenabled.Thispasswordisfortheuseraccountthathaspermissiontoadd computerstothisdomain. RemotedomainjoincredentialsandVPNcredentialsTheInstance CustomizationdeploymentsettingsforDomainandEnableremotedomain joinareenabled.Thedomainpasswordisfortheuseraccountthathas permissiontoaddcomputerstothisdomain.ThepasswordintheRemote domainjoinsectionisfortheuseraccountthathaspermissiontoaccessthe VPNserver.
Verifythatyouhaveenoughdiskspacefortemporaryfilescreatedduring packaging.Youmusthavetwicethecombinedsizesofallthecomponentsofthe package. Thewizarddisplaysinformationabouttheamountofspaceneededandthe locationswherethespaceisneeded.Ifyoudonothaveenoughfreespace,youcan moveordeletefilesonthetargetdrivestomakeroomforthewizardsworking files.
Determinethetypeofpackageyouwanttodeploy:full,update,orcustom.See OverviewofPackageCreationandValidationonpage 450. TodistributethepackageonDVDsorCDs,determinehowmuchdiskspaceis available.Youcanthenspecifythemaximumfilesizeusedwhenthepackageis dividedintomultiplefiles.
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Touseinstancecustomization,verifythatthefollowingprerequisitesaresatisfied:
MakesurethattheguestoperatingsystemisWindowsXP,Windows2000,or WindowsServer2003,WindowsVista,orWindows7. CopytheMicrosoftSysprepDeploymentToolsintothecorrectfolderforthe virtualmachine.SeeDownloadtheMicrosoftSysprepDeploymentToolson page 440. Ifthesetoolsarenotavailable,thepackagingoperationfails.Thefailuremightnot occuruntilwellintothepackagingprocessandmightcauseyoutolosesubstantial time.
Usepreviewmodetotestwhetherinstancecustomizationrunsunattended. For example,verifythatavalidWindowsproductIDisusedsothatnodialogbox promptsfortheproductIDduringtheMiniSetupprocess. Ifyouconfiguredautomaticlogin,usepreviewmodetoverifythatautomaticlogin workscorrectly.Ifitfails,instancecustomizationfails.
Use the New Package Wizard

TheNewPackagewizardcreatesanexecutablefilethatcontainsanACEenabled virtualmachine,itspolicies,deploymentsettings,scripts,andacopyofVMware Player.Youcaneasilydeployandinstallthepackageonendusersmachines. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthepackagingprerequisitesaresatisfied.See PrerequisitesforUsingthePackagingWizardsonpage 452. To use the New Package wizard 1 2 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetouseasthebasisforthepackage. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended. Whenyouexitpreviewmode,bydefaultVMwarePlayersuspendsthevirtual machine.Ifnecessary,useWorkstationtopoweroffthevirtualmachine. 3 4 5 ChooseVM>ACE>NewPackage. CompletetheNewPackagewizard. (Optional)Ifyouarepromptedtoselectapackagedistributionformatandyou selectMultiplefoldersforcreatingDVDsorCDs,writedownthedisclabelprefix youspecify. Whenyoulaterusediscburningsoftwaretocreatethediscs,thenameyouenter foreachdiscmustbethesameasthenameofthefolderthewizardcreatestohold thatdiscscontents(forexample,DISC1,DISC2).
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Tobeginthepackagingprocess,clickNextonthePackageSummarypage. Packagecreationtakesasubstantialamountoftime,especiallyforpackagesthat includelargevirtualmachinesorinstancecustomizationsettings. Duringtheinstancecustomizationstage,iftheguestoperatingsystemdoesnot shutdownafterapproximately10minutes,theproblemmightbethattheSysprep toolswerenotinplace.Theoperationiscancelledandanerrormessagetellsyou thatinstancecustomizationfailed. ThePackageCreationCompletepageappearswhentheprocessiscomplete.Itlists thelocationofthenewlycreatedpackageandprovidesalinktothepackage directory.
Dependingonwhichdistributionmethodyouchose,dooneofthefollowing:
Ifyoucreatedasinglefilefornetworkdistribution,copythefiletothe appropriatelocationonanetwork. IfyoucreatedoneormorefilesfordistributiononCDorDVD,use discburningsoftwaretocreatethediscs.Followtheseguidelines:
Thedisclabelyouenterinyourdiscburningsoftwareforeachdiscmust bethesameasthenameofthefolderthewizardcreatestoholdthatdiscs contents. Burnthecontentsofeachdiscontothetoplevelofthedisc. Thepackageinstallerexpectstofindonlythecontentsofthefolder,and notthefolderitself,attherootlevelonthedisc.Ifyouburnthefolder itselfontothedisc,whenyouattempttoinstallthecontentsofthesecond orsubsequentdiscsontheusersmachine,theerror1309,Error reading from file <filename>,appears.
View Package Properties and Add Notes

UsethePackagePropertiesdialogboxtoviewpropertiesofthepackagesthatyou created.AlsoaddoreditnotesthatappearinthesummaryviewoftheACEenabled virtualmachine. To view package properties and add notes 1 2 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachine. ChooseView>CurrentView>Summary.
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OnthePackagestab,doubleclickthepackagename. InthePackagePropertiesdialogbox,clickthetabstoviewtheproperties. ClicktheNotestabtoaddoreditnotes. Existingnotesmighthavebeenaddedwhenthepackagewascreatedusingthe NewPackagewizard.Thesenotesarenotbeseenbyendusers.Theyarevisible onlyintheWorkstationwindow.
Perform an End-to-End Deployment Test

PerformanendtoendtesttodeployanewACEpackageratherthanapackageupdate. Alsouseanendtoendtestifusingpreviewmodeisnotappropriate. BecauseWorkstationrunsonlyonWindowshosts,youcannotusepreviewmodeto runACEinstancesastheywillrunonLinuxhosts.Youalsocannottestahostpolicyin previewmode. NOTEThistestmighttakeasubstantialamountoftimebecausepackagingand encryptionprocessescanbelengthy. Beforeyoubegin,ifyouplantouseanACEManagementServertomanagetheACE instances,installandconfigureatestACEManagementServer.SeetheVMwareACE ManagementServerAdministratorsGuide. To perform an end-to-end deployment test 1 2 3 4 5 IfyouusetheACEManagementServer,selecttheACEenabledvirtualmachine, chooseFile>ConnecttoACEManagementServer,andconnecttothetestserver. Inthevirtualmachinessummaryview,clickCreatenewpackageinthe Commandslist. CompletetheNewPackagewizard. Navigatetothepackagelocationandcopythepackagedirectorytoaclienttest machine. Ontheclienttestmachine,runtheACEinstancessetup.exefileandcompletethe pagesoftheinstallationwizard.
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StarttheACEinstanceandactivateitwhenprompted. Dependingonhowyouconfiguredthepackage,aStartmenuitemoradesktop shortcutorbotharecreatedontheclientmachine.Dependingontheruntime preferencesyouset,theACEinstancemightstartinfullscreenmodewhenthe hostsystemstarts.
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VerifythattheACEinstanceisconfiguredasyouintendedandrunsasyouexpect. IfyouuseACEManagementServer,connecttheACEenabledvirtualmachineto theproductionserver. Ontheadministratormachine,inWorkstation,selecttheACEenabledvirtual machineandchooseFile>ConnecttoACEManagementServer,andconnectto theproductionserver.
IfyouuseACEManagementServer,createanewpackage. Thepackageyoucreatedforthetestreferstotheserveryouusedfortesting. Instancescreatedfromthatpackagerefertothetestserver.
Deploy Packages
DeployingpackagesmeansmakingtheACEpackageavailabletoendusers.You specifythedistributionmethodwhenyoucreatethepackage. To deploy packages Dependingonthetypeofpackage,dooneofthefollowing:
Forafull,policyupdate,serverupdate,orcustompackage,distributethepackage onCDorDVD,ormakethepackageavailableonanetwork. ForaPocketACEpackage,seeDeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDevice onpage 461.
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Pocket ACE
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ThePocketACEfeatureenablesyoutostoreACEinstancesonportabledevicessuchas USBkeys(flashmemorydrives),AppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices,andportablehard drives.ACEusersattachtheseportabledevicestox86hostcomputers,runtheirACE instanceswithVMwarePlayer,andthendetachtheportabledevices.Thenexttime theyneedaccesstotheirACEinstances,theycanattachthedevicestothesamehost computersortodifferentcomputers. UsePocketACEtopackageadailycomputingenvironmentandallowenduserstotake thatenvironmentincludingdocuments,settings,applications,andVPN accesswherevertheyneedtogo. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

UseCasesforPocketACEonpage 458 PortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 459 PoliciesandDeploymentSettingsforPocketACEonpage 460 CreateaPocketACEPackageonpage 460 DeployingtheACEPackageonaPortableDeviceonpage 461 RunthePocketACEInstanceonpage 463
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Use Cases for Pocket ACE

UsethefollowingscenariostodeterminewhentousePocketACEandwhichkindsof policiestosetforvarioussituations:
ProvidingaccesstoemployeesworkingremotelyEmployeesoftenusetheir ownhomecomputerforaccessingenterpriseresourcesremotely.Unmanaged clientscanbeinfectedbymalwareorspyware.Inaddition,thereisariskoflost dataifaremoteuserdownloadssensitivedatatoapersonalcomputer.Thereis alsotheaddedburdenofdeployingandmanagingthesoftwareneededbyremote users. UsingPocketACE,ITadministratorscandeployatrusted,managed,andmore securevirtualdesktopinstancetoremoteusers.ThevirtualdiskofthePocketACE canbeencryptedtominimizetheriskoflostdata.Bysettingspecificnetwork quarantinepolicies,administratorscanstrictlycontroltrafficbetweenthe untrustedclientandPocketACEinstance,protectingtheenterprisefromcreating acompromisedhost.
IncreasingthesecurityandmobilityofmobileusersMobileusersoftenaccess orcarrysensitivedataoutsidetheenterpriseusinglaptopsorothermobiledevices. ThequestionforITorganizationsisnotif,butwhen,amobileuserslaptopwillbe lostorstolen,leadingtothelossofsensitiveorconfidentialdata. UsingPocketACEtodeployadesktopenvironmenttomobileusers,IT administratorscanreducetheriskoflostdatawhilealsoincreasingusersmobility becausePocketACEinstancecanbeusedwithanysupportedx86system.A desktopinstancewithanencrypteddiskcanbedeployedtomobileusers.Using ACEManagementServer,alostorstolenPocketACEcanbedisabledremotely.
Providingtemporaryaccesstocontractworkersusinguntrustedhosts Contractorsandbusinesspartnersoftenconnecttotheenterprisenetworkfrom unknownoruntrustedclients.PocketACEcanbeusedtoprovideastandardized, trusted,andmanagedenvironmenttotheseuserswhileenablingsafeconnectivity toenterpriseresources. Forcontractors,thePocketACEinstancecanbeconfiguredtobeavailableonly duringthelengthofthecontract.Whentheexpirationdateisreached,the contractorcannolongerusethePocketACEinstance.
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Chapter 21 Pocket ACE
ProvidingaccesstooffshoreoutsourcepartnersTypically,offshorepartners manageandownthedesktopsystemstheyuse.Becausetheseresourcesareowned byanoutsideorganization,theydonotfallunderstandardITpolicy.Insome cases,desktopsystemsarepurchased,imaged,andshippedtoanoffshorepartner foraccessingtheenterprise.Thisisoftenalengthyandcostlyprocess. WithPocketACE,ITadministratorscaneasilydeployatrusted,managed,and moresecurevirtualdesktopinstancetooffshorepartners.Thevirtualdesktop instancescanbedistributedusingportablemediaordownload.Securityfeatures includethedataencryptionfeatureandthenetworkquarantineandrestriction featuresalreadymentioned.
ProvidingdisasterrecoveryUsingPocketACE,organizationscaneasilypackage desktopinstanceswithallthenecessaryenterpriseapplicationsforuseinthecase ofadisaster.Theseinstancescanbedeployedtoportablemediadevicesandstored safelyinasecureoffsitefacility.Ifadisasteroccurs,thePocketACEinstancescan bequicklydistributedandused. DistributingbetaortrialsoftwareUsingPocketACE,ISVscandistribute softwarepreinstalledasavirtualapplianceeitherbydownloadoronaportable mediadevice.AnISVcanprovideacompleteworkingenvironment,ensuringno compatibilityissues.CustomEULAscanbecreatedandusedtoensurethatauser acceptstheagreementpriortousinganACEinstance.Inaddition,anexpiration periodcanbesetthatdisablesanACEinstanceafteranallottedperiodoftime.
Portable Device Requirements

YoucaninstallACEpackagesonthefollowingtypesofdevices:

Flashmemorydrives(USBkeys) FlashbasedAppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices HarddrivebasedAppleiPodmobiledigitaldevices Portableharddrives
ForUSBdevices,useUSB2highspeeddevicesonly. WhenaPocketACEpackageisdeployedtoaremovabledevice,thevirtualdiskis preallocatedtofullcapacityforenhancedperformance.Makesurethattheremovable devicehasenoughdiskspacetostorethevirtualdiskstotalcapacity,memory,and approximately300MBforoverhead.SeeUsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardon page 85.
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Policies and Deployment Settings for Pocket ACE

SomepoliciesapplyonlytoPocketACE.YoucansetPocketACEclosebehaviorby editingtheruntimepreferencespolicy. ClosebehaviordetermineswhethertheACEinstanceispoweredofforsuspended whentheuserexitsandwhetherchangesaresynchronizedontheremovabledevice. SeePocketACECacheSettingsonpage 417. PocketACEignoressomepolicies.Althoughyoucansethostandsnapshotpoliciesand createapackagethatincludesthem,PocketACEinstancesignorethesepolicies. AdministratorscannotreverttoreimagesnapshotswhenrunningaPocketACEin administratormodeinVMwarePlayer.
Create a Pocket ACE Package

Beforeyoubegin,determinethefollowinginformation,whichisspecifictoPocket ACE:
Makesuretheportabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspacerequirementsfor PocketACE.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 459. DeterminewhetheryouwanttodeploythePocketACEtoWindowsmachines, 32bitLinuxmachines,64bitLinuxmachines,orsomecombination.Yourchoices affectthediskspacerequirements. Determinethepasswordyouwanttouseforanyonewhoattemptstodeploythe packagetoaportabledevice. Ifyoudonotwanttorequireapassword,makesuretheaccesscontrolpolicys authenticationtypeissettoNone.Makesuretheencryptiondeploymentsetting forpackageprotectionissettoNone.
Inaddition,completethetaskslistedinPrerequisitesforUsingthePackaging Wizardsonpage 452. To create a Pocket ACE package 1 2 OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinetouseasthebasisforthepackage. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoffratherthansuspended. Whenyouexitpreviewmode,bydefaultVMwarePlayersuspendsthevirtual machine.Ifnecessary,useWorkstationtopoweroffthevirtualmachine.
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TocreateanewPocketACEoranupdatepackage,chooseVM>ACE>New PocketACEPackage. Completethewizard. WhenyouspecifyalocationontheNamethePackagepage,choosealocationon theadministratormachine.Donotspecifyalocationontheportabledevice.You deploythepackagetothedeviceafterthepackageiscreated. TheCompletingthePocketACEPackageWizardpageappearswhentheprocess iscomplete.
(Optional)Todeploythepackageimmediately,selectDeploytoaportabledevice now.
Ifyoudonotdeploythepackageimmediately,seeDeployingtheACEPackageona PortableDevice.
Deploying the ACE Package on a Portable Device

YoucandeploymultipleACEpackagesonasingleportabledevice.Theonlylimitation onthenumberofpackagesistheamountofavailablespaceonthedevice. Runthedeploy.exefiletousetheGUIdeploymentutility.UsethebulkDeploy.exe programtousethecommandlinedeploymentutility.Youcancreateabatchfilethat containsmultiplebulkDeploycommandstodeploymultipleACEpackagestoa portabledevice. Thewizardautomaticallypreallocatesdiskspaceandsplitsthediskinto2GB segments. ThePocketACEinstanceisreencryptedduringthedeploymentinsteadofafterthe usersfirstrunoftheinstance.Forthisreencryption,thepolicyappliedisthepackage protectionpolicythatwasinplaceatthetimeofpackaging.
Use the Graphical Utility to Deploy Pocket ACE Packages

Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheremovabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspace requirements.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 459. To use the graphical utility to deploy Pocket ACE packages 1 2 NavigatetothepackagelocationyouspecifiedintheNewPocketACEPackage wizard. Doubleclickthedeploy.exe file.
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IftheEnterPassworddialogboxappears,enterthedeploymentpassword. CompletetheVMwarePocketACEDeployUtilitydialogboxandclickDeploy.
WhenyoudistributethePocketACE,giveitdirectlytotheuserandtelltheusertokeep thePocketACEsecureuntiltheuserrunstheACEandchangestheuserpassword.
Use the Command-Line Utility to Deploy Pocket ACE Packages

ThebulkDeploy.exeutilityisacommandlineversionoftheVMwarePocketACE DeployUtilitydialogbox(deploy.exe).UsebulkDeploy.execommandsinabatch filetodeployoneormorePocketACEpackagestothesameormultipletarget directoriesorremovabledevices. Beforeyoubegin,makesuretheremovabledevicemeetsthehardwareanddiskspace requirements.SeePortableDeviceRequirementsonpage 459. IfyouplantodeploythePocketACEpackagetoacustomfolderratherthana removabledrive,createthefolder. To use the command-line utility to deploy Pocket ACE packages 1 Openacommandpromptandchangedirectoriestothepackagelocationyou specifiedintheNewPocketACEPackagewizard. Forexample,enterthefollowingcommand:
cd C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\My Documents\ Virtual Machines\ACE-Enabled Virtual Machine\Packages\Pocket ACE Package
Enterthefollowingbulkdeploymentcommandandspecifythenecessary parameters:
bulkDeploy.exe <deployment_directory> <parameters>
The<deployment_directory>valuecanspecifyaremovabledriveoracustom folder. Table 21-1. Deployment Commands

Parameter -p -s Usage Deploymentpassword.Requiredwhenthepackageispasswordprotected. Pathtothe.vmxfileonthehost.Usethisparameteronlyifyouusea bulkDeploy.exefilethatisnotlocatedinsidethesamePocketACE packageasthe.vmxfileyouwanttodeploy.
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Table 21-1. Deployment Commands (Continued)

Parameter -q -t Usage Parametertoturnoffreportingtheprogressofthebulkdeployment. PerformsaspeedtesttodeterminewhethertheUSBdeviceandthehost USBstackarefastenoughforPocketACE.Ifthetestissuccessful,0is returned.Ifitfails,anegativenumberisreturned.Thistestisalwaysdone atruntimewhenthePocketACEisopened.Itisdonewhenyouusethe bulkDeploycommandonlyifyouusethe-tparameter.
Forexample,
bulkDeploy.exe E: -p password -s C:\pocketACEPackage\VM\packagedVMX.vmx -q -t
(Optional)TodeployaPocketACEpackagetomultiplelocations,ortodeploy multiplepackagestothesameormultiplelocations,createabatchfilewitha bulkDeploy.execommandoneachline. Usequotationmarksforpathsthatcontainspaces.Followingisanexampleofa batchfile:

"C:\My VMs\vm_1\Packages\Pkg_1\bulkDeploy.exe" E: -p password -q -t "C:\My VMs\vm_1\Packages\Pkg_1\bulkDeploy.exe" F: -p password -s "C:\My VMs\vm_2\Packages\Pkg_2\VM\Pkg_2.vmx" -q -t "C:\My VMs\vm_1\Packages\Pkg_1\bulkDeploy.exe" F: -p password -s "C:\My VMs\vm_3\Packages\Pkg_3\VM\Pkg_3.vmx" -q -t
Run the Pocket ACE Instance

AfteryoudeployaPocketACEpackagetoaremovabledevice,runningitusually involvesonlypluggingitin. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthehostcomputersclockissettothecorrecttime.If youmoveaPocketACEfromonehostcomputertoanotherandtheclockofthesecond hostisearlierthantheclockofthefirst,thePocketACEdoesnotrun. WhentheACEinstanceruns,itsdiskandcheckpointcachesareinitialized.IfthePocket ACEhasasessiononthishost,thatsessioncontinues.Otherwiseanewsessionis started. Thecheckpointstateandvirtualdiskarecachedonthehostduringuseand synchronizedbacktotheportabledevicelater.Thecheckpointstateandvirtualdiskare protectedwiththesameencryptionlevelusedfortheACEinstanceontheportable device.
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ThePocketACErunsprimarilyfromthehostcache,althoughitoccasionallyreadsfrom theparentdiskontheportabledevice.TheACEinstancedoesnotwritetotheparent diskuntilsynchronization. To run a pocket ACE instance 1 2 Plugtheportabledeviceintothehostcomputer. IfthehostsystemsAutorunconfigurationisnotsettostarttheACEinstance automatically,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindowshosts,navigatetotheremovabledeviceandrunthePocketACE. Usually,startingthePocketACEmanuallyisnotnecessary.TheAutorun programisincludedinthepackageandcheckswhetherVMwarePlayeris installed.Ifnot,VMwarePlayerisinstalledautomatically.
OnLinuxsystems,installVMwarePlayerfromthePlayerdirectoryonthe USBdrive. Forexample,iftheUSBdriveismountedat/media/USBFLASH,navigateto /media/USBFLASH/player.
InstallVMwarePlayerasdescribedinManuallyInstallVMwarePlayer onaLinuxHostonpage 469. UseVMwarePlayertoopenthe.vmx fileandstarttheACEinstance(see InstalltheACEInstanceonaSingleLinuxHostonpage 470).
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Installing ACE Packages
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Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

InstallinganACEPackageonaWindowsHostonpage 465 InstallinganACEPackageonaLinuxHostonpage 469 UpgradingACEInstancestoACE2.7onpage 473 StartandUseanACEInstanceonpage 474 InstallanACEClientLicenseonpage 478 QuitVMwarePlayeronpage 479 TroubleshootingToolsonpage 479
Installing an ACE Package on a Windows Host

IfanenduserscomputerdoesnotalreadyhaveVMwareACEorVMwarePlayer installed,thefirsttimeyouinstallanACEpackage,VMwarePlayerisinstalledalong withtheACEinstance. YoucaninstallACEinstancesononehostatatime,oryoucanusethesilentinstallation featuresoftheMicrosoftWindowsInstallertoquicklyinstallanACEinstanceon multiplecomputers.
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Install an ACE Instance on a Single Windows Host

IfVMwarePlayerisnotalreadyinstalledonthemachine,theinstallationprogram installsitbeforeinstallingthevirtualmachinefilesthatmakeuptheACEinstance. Beforeyoubegin,considerthefollowingprerequisites:

MakesurethehostcomputerhasenoughdiskspacefortheACEinstance. IfthisisthefirstinstallationofanACEinstanceontheusersmachine,auserwith administrativeprivilegesmustruntheinstallation.Onlyauserwith administrativeprivilegescaninstallanduninstallVMwarePlayer. IftheACEinstanceincludesahostpolicy,auserwithadministrativeprivileges mustruntheinstallation.Ahostpolicyisahostnetworkaccesspolicyorapolicy thatrestrictswhichvirtualmachinescanrunonahost.SeeSettingNetwork AccessPoliciesonpage 402andControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHost onpage 422. Onlyonesetofhostpoliciescanbedeployedtoaparticularhost.Ifapackage containshostpoliciesandthehostalreadycontainshostpoliciesfromanother package,installationofthesecondpackagefails.
To install an ACE instance on a single Windows host 1 IfVMwarePlayerisnotyetinstalledontheusersmachine,logintothehost computerastheAdministratoruserorasauserwhoisamemberoftheWindows Administratorsgroup. DependingonwhetheryouareinstallingfromaCD,DVD,ornetworklocation,do oneofthefollowing:

ForCDsandDVDs,insertthefirstdisc. Foranetworklocation,navigatetothelocationoftheinstaller.
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Findthesetup.exefileanddoubleclickit. Followtheprompts.
Installing an ACE Package Silently on Multiple Windows Hosts

IfyouareinstallingaVMwareACEpackageonanumberofWindowshostcomputers, youmightwanttousethesilentinstallationfeaturesoftheMicrosoftWindows Installer.Thistypeofinstallationrequiresthatthehostcomputershaveversion2.0or lateroftheMSIruntimeengine.Thisversionoftheinstallerisavailableinversionsof WindowsbeginningwithWindowsXP.Iftheruntimeengineisnotinstalled,see InstalltheMSI2.0RuntimeEnginefromanACEPackageonpage 467.
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Chapter 22 Installing ACE Packages
Install the MSI 2.0 Runtime Engine from an ACE Package

TheinstallerfortheMSI2.0runtimeengineisincludedintheVMwareACEpackage astheinstmsiw.exe file. To install the MSI 2.0 runtime engine from an ACE package 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openacommandprompt. Enterthefollowingcommand:
instmsiw.exe /Q
ForadditionaldetailsonhowtousetheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,seetheMicrosoft Website.
Install an ACE Instance on Multiple Hosts

YoucanusetheMicrosoftWindowsInstallercommandlineinterfacetosilentlyinstall anACEinstanceonmanycomputers.Endusersarenotpromptedforinformation duringtheinstallationprocess. Beforeyoubegin,verifythatthehostcomputershaveversion2.0orlateroftheMSI runtimeengine. Youcancustomizethebasicpackageinstallationcommandtospecifyoneormoreof thefollowing:

InstallationdirectoryfortheACEinstance InstallationdirectoryforVMwarePlayer Installationwithoutadesktopicon
Youcanalsoinstallanupgradesilently.Anupgradeisalwaysinstalledinthesame directoryordirectoriesasthepreviouspackage. To install the ACE instance on multiple hosts 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openacommandprompt. Enterthefollowingcommand:
setup.exe /s/v"/qn"
ThiscommandinstallsthepackageandVMwarePlayer(ifincluded)intothe defaultlocationsandcreatesashortcutfortheACEinstanceonthedesktop.The defaultlocationfortheVMwarePlayerapplicationisC:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Player.
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Thedefaultlocationforthevirtualmachinefiles:
OnWindowsXPisC:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware ACE\<ACE_name>. OnWindowsVistaandWindows7isC:\ProgramData\VMware\VMware ACE\.
Tocustomizethepackage,enterthefollowingcommand:
msiexec -i package.msi <installation_options>
Enterthecommandononeline.Theinstallationoptionsfollow. Table 22-1. Installation Options

Option DESKTOP_SHORTCUTS INSTALLDIR PLAYER_INSTALLDIR Description Whensetto0,skipsinstallationoftheACEinstanceshortcuton thedesktop.Thedefaultis1. SetstherootinstallationdirectoryfortheACEinstance. SetstherootinstallationdirectoryfortheVMwarePlayer application.
Thefollowingexamplecommandillustratestheoptionsandtheirusage:
msiexec -i package.msi DESKTOP_SHORTCUTS=0 INSTALLDIR="G:\packages" PLAYER_INSTALLDIR="C:\VMware\VMware Player" /qn
Uninstall VMware Player or an ACE Instance from a Windows Host

UninstallingVMwarePlayerdoesnotuninstalltheACEinstance.Onlythe AdministratoruserorauserwhoisamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup canuninstallVMwarePlayer. UninstallinganACEinstancedoesnotuninstalltheVMwarePlayerapplication.When youremoveanACEinstance,theACEinstancesdatafiles,shortcuts,andregistry entriesareremoved.YoudonotneedtobeanAdministratorusertouninstallanACE instance. To uninstall VMware Player or an ACE instance from a Windows host 1 2 GotoStart>ControlPanel>AddorRemovePrograms>ChangeorRemove Programs. SelecttheVMwarePlayerprogramortheACEinstanceandclickRemove.
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Followtheinstructionsinthewizard. (Optional)IfyouusedPocketACEonthishostandwanttoremovethePocketACE cachetoconservediskspace,deletethefollowingfolder:
OnWindowsXP:C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings\Application Data\VMware\Roaming VM cache\ OnWindowsVistaandWindows7: C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\VMware\Roaming VM cache
Inthispath,<user>representsauserspecificdirectory.Ifmorethanoneuserused PocketACEonthehost,youmustremovethedirectoryforeachuser.
Installing an ACE Package on a Linux Host

IfanenduserscomputerdoesnotalreadyhaveVMwareACEorVMwarePlayer installed,VMwarePlayerisautomaticallyinstalledwhenyouruntheACEpackages VMware-Player.bundlefileasrootorsudo. YoucaninstallACEinstancesononehostatatime,oryoucansilentlyinstallanACE instanceonmultiplecomputers.
Manually Install VMware Player on a Linux Host

ManuallyinstallVMwarePlayeronsystemswheretheenduserdoesnothaveroot accessanddoesnotalreadyhaveVMwareACEorVMwarePlayerinstalled. To manually install VMware Player on a Linux host 1 Inaterminalwindow,enterthefollowingcommandtobecometherootuser:
su
MounttheACEpackage,andlocatetheVMwarePlayerinstallerinthepackage directory. Dependingonwhetherthehostisa32bitcomputerora64bitcomputer,yousee oneofthefollowingfilenames:

VMware-Player-i386.bundle VMware-Player-x86_64.bundle
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Copythe.bundlefiletoatemporarydirectoryontheharddrive. Forexample,ifyouhavea64bitcomputerandyouwanttoputthefileinthe/tmp directory,enterthefollowingcommand:

cp VMware-Player-x86_64.bundle /tmp
Enterthefollowingcommandtochangetothedirectorytowhichyoucopiedthe file:
cd /tmp
Enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheinstallationprogram:
sh VMware-Player-<architecture>.bundle
The<architecture>valueiseitheri386,for32bitsystems,orx86_64,for64bit systems. 6 Followthewizardpromptsthatappear. OnmostLinuxdistributions,aGUIwizardappears.OnRedHatEnterpriseLinux 5.1andsomeotherdistributions,acommandlinewizardappears.Inthe commandlinewizard,toquicklyscrolltotheendofthelicenseagreement prompt,pressqandaccepttheagreement. 7 Wheninstallationiscompleted,enterthefollowingcommandtoexitfromthe rootaccount:

exit
Install the ACE Instance on a Single Linux Host

OnlytheuserwhoinstallstheACEinstanceorauserwithnecessarypermissions(such asroot)isallowedtorunthatACEinstance.IfVMwarePlayerisnotalreadyinstalled onthemachine,itisautomaticallyinstalledwhenyouruntheACEpackagessh VMware-Player-<architecture>.bundle asrootorsudo. Beforeyoubegin,considerthefollowingprerequisites:

MakesurethehostcomputerhasenoughdiskspacefortheACEinstance. TheACEpackagemustbeaccessibletotheLinuxusermachinesforinstallation.
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IfthisisthefirstinstallationofanACEinstanceontheusermachine,arootuser mustruntheinstallation.OnlyarootusercaninstallanduninstallVMwarePlayer. IftheACEinstanceincludesahostpolicy,arootusermustruntheinstallation.A hostpolicyisahostnetworkaccesspolicyorapolicythatrestrictswhichvirtual machinescanrunonahost.SeeSettingNetworkAccessPoliciesonpage 402and ControlWhichACEInstancesRunonaHostonpage 422. Onlyonesetofhostpoliciescanbedeployedtoaparticularhost.Ifapackage containshostpoliciesandthehostalreadycontainshostpoliciesfromanother package,installationofthesecondpackagefails.
To install an ACE instance on a single Linux host 1 2 3 Copythe.bundlefileforthepackagetothehostcomputer. Openaterminalwindowandchangetothepackagedirectory. Enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheinstallationprogram:

./vmware-install.pl
Followthewizardpromptsthatappear. OnmostLinuxdistributions,aGUIwizarddoesnotappear.OnRedHat EnterpriseLinux5.1andsomeotherdistributions,acommandlinewizard appears.Inthecommandlinewizard,toquicklyscrolltotheendofthelicense agreementprompt,pressqandaccepttheagreement.
Install an ACE Package Silently on Multiple Linux Hosts

YoucansilentlyinstallanACEinstanceonmanycomputers.Endusersarenot promptedforinformationduringtheinstallationprocess. To install the ACE instance on multiple Linux hosts 1 2 Copythe.bundlefileforthepackagetothefirsthostcomputer. Openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowingcommand:
./vmware-install.pl
Repeatthisprocedureforotherhosts.
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Prepare a Linux Host for Running in Kiosk Mode

OnLinuxhosts,ifyouplantousekioskmodetopreventusersfromaccessingthehost operatingsystem,youmustsetsomeadditionalproperties.Ifyoudonotpreparethe host,usersmightbeabletousekeyboardshortcutsorothermechanismstoaccessthe hostwheninkioskmode. Beforeyoubegin,createanACEinstancethatusesakioskmodepolicyandinstalliton aLinuxhost.SeeSettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 420andInstallinganACE PackageonaLinuxHostonpage 469. ThepreferredwindowmanagersforrunningACEinstancesinkioskmodeare F VirtualWindowManager(FVWM)andMetacity. To prepare a Linux host for running in kiosk mode 1 Useatexteditortoaddthefollowinglinestothehosts~/.vmware/preferences file:
pref.grabOnKeyPress = "TRUE" pref.grabOnMouseClick = "TRUE"
AddthefollowinglinestocreateaServerFlagssectioninthe /etc/X11/xorg.conffile:
Section "ServerFlags" Option "DontZoom" "true" Option "DontZap" "true" Option "DontVTSwitch" "true" EndSection
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RestarttheXsession. Manuallydisableallkeyboardshortcutsinhostswindowmanager. IftheDeskbarappletprogramisusedinthepanelonthehost,removeitby rightclickingitandselectingRemovefromPanel. Ifyoudonotremovethisapplet,ausercanpressthekeyboardcombinationfor exitingkioskmodeandthenpressAlt+F3toaccessthehostfilesystem.
Topreventthehostsfilebrowserfromopeningwhenaremovabledeviceis connectedtothehost,disabletheapplicableoptionsinthehostssystem preferencesandfilebrowserpreferences. Forexample,openafilebrowseronthehostandselectEdit>Preferences>Media anddeselecttheBrowsemediawheninsertedcheckbox.Also,fromthehosts Systemmenu,selectPreferences>RemovableDevices,orsimilarlynamedtabs, anddeselectthecheckboxes.
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Uninstall VMware Player or an ACE Instance from a Linux Host

ACEuserscanuninstallonlytheACEinstancesthattheyinstalled.Onlytherootuser canuninstallothersACEinstances.UninstallinganACEinstancedoesnotuninstall theVMwarePlayerapplication.WhenyouuninstallanACEinstance,theACE instancesdatafiles,shortcuts,andregistryentriesareuninstalled. UninstallingVMwarePlayerdoesnotuninstalltheACEinstance.Onlytherootuser canuninstallVMwarePlayer. To uninstall VMware Player or an ACE instance from a Linux host 1 2 Onthehostcomputer,openaterminalwindow. Dooneorbothofthefollowing:
TouninstallanACEinstance,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path_to_instance_directory>./vmware-uninstall-ace.pl
TouninstallVMwarePlayer,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-installer -u vmware-player
(Optional)IfyouusedPocketACEonthishostandwanttoremovethePocketACE cachetoconservediskspace,deletethefollowingdirectory:
/home/<user>/.vmware/roamcache
Inthispath,<user>representsauserspecificdirectory.Ifmorethanoneuserused PocketACEonthehost,youmustremovethedirectoryforeachuser.
Upgrading ACE Instances to ACE 2.7

IfyouhaveACE2.6instances,youcanuseWorkstation7.xandACEManagement Server2.7tosendnewACE2.7policiestoendusers. Althoughnewpolicies,suchasPocketACEcachesettingsandnetworkadapter settingscanbeusedonACE2.6endpoints,thevirtualmachineversionisnotchanged. Toupgradeendusersvirtualmachinehardwareversion,youmustcreateafull packageanduseittoreplacetheexistingACEinstance. WhenyouuninstalltheolderACEinstanceandVMwarePlayerfromtheusers computer,theenduserlosesanydataorcustomsettingsstoredintheoldACEinstance. Takethisconsiderationintoaccountwhenchoosingbetweenupgradingthehardware versionandcontinuingwiththecurrenthardwareversionbutaddingnewACE2.7 policies.
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Start and Use an ACE Instance

WhenyourunanACEinstance,VMwarePlayerstartsandopenstheinstance.Youstart theinstanceinthesamewaythatyoustartotherapplicationsonthehost. OneexceptionisiftheadministratorconfigurestheACEinstancetostartandruninfull screenmodewhenthehostsystemstarts.SeeSettingRuntimePreferencesPolicies onpage 415. DependingonhowtheACEinstanceisconfigured,endusersmightberequiredto enternopassword,one,ortwopasswordswhentheyruntheinstanceforthefirsttime. Thepossibilitiesare:

Nopasswordsarerequiredatthefirstrunoftheinstanceoronsubsequentruns. Youmustenteronepasswordatthefirstrun,andthatpasswordissuppliedtoyou bytheadministrator.Onsubsequentrunsoftheinstance,nopasswordsare required. Youmustcreateapasswordatthefirstrun.Onsubsequentruns,youmustenter thatpassword. Youmustenteranadministratorsuppliedpasswordatthefirstrunandalsocreate apassword.Onsubsequentruns,youmustenteronlythepasswordthatyou created.
Theadministratorcanalsorestricthowmanycharactersorwhichcharacterscanbe usedinpasswordsthatenduserscreate.SeeAuthenticationSettingsonpage 393. To start and use an ACE instance 1 Dependingonthehostoperatingsystem,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindowshosts,usethedesktopiconortheStartmenutostarttheACE instance. OnLinuxhosts,usetheApplicationsmenuorenterthefollowingcommand inaterminalwindow:

vmplayer <path_to__package_directory>/<name_of_ACE_vmx_file>.vmx
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Ifpromptedtoenterorcreateapassword,doso. IftheEnterLicenseKeydialogboxappears,enterthelicensekeyyour administratorprovided.
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ClickinsidetheVMwarePlayerwindowtobeginusingtheguestoperatingsystem andtheapplicationsinstalledintheACEinstance. Youcanusetheoperatingsystemandapplicationsjustasyouwouldiftheywere runningdirectlyonaphysicalcomputer.
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(Optional)Tochangeapasswordthatyoucreated,chooseVM>ACE>Change Password. (Optional)FormoreinformationaboutusingVMwarePlayer,chooseHelp>Help Topics.
Change Default Kiosk Mode Startup Behavior

IfanACEinstanceisconfiguredtoruninkioskmode,thevirtualmachinerunsinfull screenmodeanddoesnotdisplaytheACEmenubarorACEPlayeronlinehelp. Beforegoingintokioskmode,adialogboxappears,requiringtheusertoconsentto enteringkioskmode.Formoreinformation,seeSettingKioskModePolicieson page 420. YoucanuseacommandlinecommandtostartanACEinstanceinkioskmodewithout displayingtheusualwarningmessage. YoucanalsostarttheACEinstancesothatitisnotinkioskmode.Youcanthenusethe VMwarePlayermenustochangepreferencesettingsorenteradministratormodeifthe ACEinstanceisconfiguredforthatmode. To change default kiosk mode startup behavior 1 2 OpenacommandpromptonWindowshostsoraterminalwindowonLinuxhosts. Tosuppressthedialogboxusuallyshownatstartup,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindows,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path>\vmplayer.exe -k "<config-file>"
Inthiscommand,<path>isthepathonyoursystemtotheVMwarePlayer applicationfileand<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file.
OnLinux,enteroneofthefollowingcommands:

vmplayer -k "<config-file>" vmplayer --noKioskWarning "<config-file>"
Inthesecommands,<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file.
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TostarttheACEinstancewithoutenteringkioskmode,dooneofthefollowing:
OnWindows,enterthefollowingcommand:
<path>\vmplayer.exe -K "<config-file>"
NoticethecapitalK.Inthiscommand,<path>isthepathonyoursystemto theVMwarePlayerapplicationfileand<config-file>isthepathtothe virtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)file.
OnLinux,enteroneofthefollowingcommands:

vmplayer -K "<config-file>" vmplayer --forceNoKiosk "<config-file>"
Inthesecommands,<config-file>isthepathtothevirtualmachine configuration(.vmx)file. 4 Ifyouuseacommandtostarttheinstancewithoutenteringkioskmode,enterthe administratorpasswordwhenprompted.
Thisproceduredescribestypingthecommandatthecommandline,butyoucanalso usethecommandtocreateabatchfileoradesktopshortcut.SeeUsingStartup OptionsinaWindowsShortcutonpage 487.
Use Multiple Virtual Machines in Kiosk Mode

YoucanstartmultipleACEinstancesthatareconfiguredtoruninkioskmode.Youcan thenswitchbetweenvirtualmachinesbyusingakeyboardshortcut. Beforeyoubegin,createandpackagemultipleACEinstancesthatusethesame administratorpasswordforkioskmodeandthesamehotkeycombinationforexiting kioskmode.SeeSettingKioskModePoliciesonpage 420. Whenmultiplevirtualmachinesruninkioskmode,enduserscanpressthehotkey combinationalongwiththerightarroworleftarrowkeytoswitchtothenextor previousvirtualmachine.Forexample,ifthehotkeycombinationisCtrl+Alt,userscan pressCtrl+Alt+rightarrowtoswitchtothenextvirtualmachineorCtrl+Alt+leftarrow toswitchtothepreviousvirtualmachine.
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To use multiple virtual machines in kiosk mode 1 2 InstalltheACEinstancesonthehostmachine. Usethefollowingexamplestowriteabatchfileorscripttostartthevirtual machines: Windowsbatchfile:
cd Program Files\VMware\VMware Player start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace1\ace1.vmx" sleep 20 start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace2\ace2.vmx" sleep 20 start vmplayer.exe -k "C:\Documents and Settings\user1\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\ace3\ace3.vmx"
Linuxscriptfile:
#!/bin/bash vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace1/ace1.vmx & sleep 20 vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace2/ace2.vmx & sleep 20 vmplayer -k ~/vmware-ace/ace3/ace3.vmx &
The-kflagsuppressesthekioskmodedialogboxsothatyoudonotneedtoclick OKtoenterkioskmode. 3 Ifanyvirtualmachinesthatarenotsettoruninkioskmodeareopenorrunning onthehost,powerthemoffandclosethem. Thescriptcannotstartandrunvirtualmachinesinkioskmodeifany nonkioskmodevirtualmachinesareopen. 4 Runthebatchfileorscripttostartthevirtualmachinesinkioskmode.
Thevirtualmachinesarestartedintheorderlistedinthebatchfileorscript.Thefirst virtualmachinestarteddefinestheadministratorpasswordforkioskmodeandthe hotkeycombinationforexitingkioskmode.Ifasubsequentvirtualmachineinthelist hasadifferentpasswordorhotkey,itdoesnotstart.Ifasubsequentvirtualmachinein thelistisnotconfiguredtostartinkioskmode,itisnotallowedtostart.
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Install an ACE Client License

AnACEclientlicenseisadevicespecificlicense.DevicesincludePCs,laptops,and portablemediadevicessuchasUSBflashdrives(storingaPocketACE).Thedetailsof thelicensingtermsareprovidedintheenduserlicenseagreement(EULA)forACE publishedonwww.vmware.com. AlicenseddevicecanrunanynumberofACEinstances.TheACEclientlicenseis associatedwiththedeviceitisinstalledonandisnotrestrictedtoaspecificACE instance. Ifyoupurchaseavolumelicense,youdonotneedtoinstallclientlicenses. NOTEIfyouarenotusinganACEvolumelicensekey,beawarethatwhenyoudeploy aPocketACEtoaportablemediadevice,youshouldenteranACEclientlicense immediately.ThePocketACEwillrunlocallyonthatcopyofWorkstation,butifitis movedtoanotherunlicenseddevicewithouthavingtheACEclientlicenseentered,it willnotpoweron. To install an ACE client license 1 2 3 4 ObtaintheACEclientlicensekeyfromyourACEadministrator. DoubleclickthedesktopshortcutfortheinstalledACEinstance. Attheprompt,enterthelicensekeyintheappropriatefieldandenteryourname andtheorganizationnameinthedialogbox. ClickOK.
Change the ACE Client License

YoucanuseaVMwarePlayermenucommandtochangeorupdatealicense. To change the ACE Client License 1 2 ChooseHelp>EnterACEClientLicense. Dooneofthefollowing:

Enterthelicensekeyinthedialogbox. Ifyouneedtopurchasealicense,clickGetLicenseKey.
ClickOK.
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Quit VMware Player

Asabestpractice,quitVMwarePlayerbeforeyoushutdownthehostcomputer. To quit VMware Player ChooseFile>ExitonWindowshostsorFile>QuitonLinuxhosts. Dependingontheconfiguredexitbehavior,theACEinstanceissuspendedorshuts downandthewindowcloses. Alsodependingontheconfiguration,endusersmightbeabletochangetheexit behaviorinthePreferencesdialogbox(File>Preferences).
Troubleshooting Tools
VMwareACEincludessometroubleshootingtoolsthatallowadministratorsandhelp deskassistantstofixsomecommonproblemsthatusershavewithACEinstances,such asforgottenuserpasswords.Thetoolsare:
ForstandaloneACEinstances:
TheACETools,whichisacommandlinetool.SeeUsingthevmwareacetool CommandLineToolonpage 479. Thehotfixfeature,whichusersaccessfrombuttonsindialogboxes.See RespondtoHotFixRequestsonpage 481.
FormanagedACEinstances,seetheVMwareACEManagementServer AdministratorsGuide.
Using the vmware-acetool Command-Line Tool

Thevmware-acetoolcommandlinetoolisatroubleshootingtoolthatenablesACE administratorstofixalimitedsetofproblemsforstandaloneACEinstancesdirectlyon anACEuserssystem. Youcanprovidethefollowingsolutionswithvmware-acetool:

Settheuserspassword,sotheusercanruntheACEinstance. Setcopyprotection,sotheusercanruntheACEinstanceinanewlocation. Settheexpirationdate,sotheusercancontinuetouseanACEinstancethatispast itsscheduledexpirationdate.
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Theconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)fortheACEinstancemustbeontheACEusers machine.Thatis,youcannotusevmware-acetooltomakefixestofilesassociatedwith theinstanceunlesstheconfigurationfileisonthesamemachineasthosefiles. Youcanactuallyusethevmware-acetoolprogramtoresetpasswordsandfix expirationdatesonanothermachine,butyoumusthavethe.vmx,.vmpl,andace.dat filesfromtheuserallsetupinthesamedirectory.Thefollowingisanexampleofa vmware-acetoolcommand: vmware-acetool <command> <ACEconfigurationfile> <parameters> Table 22-2. Commands and Parameters for vmware-acetool
Command setPassword setExpirationDate allowCopy updateCurrentTime Parameters Pathtorecoverykeyfile Newexpirationdate Description SettheACEinstances password. SettheACEinstances expirationdate. AllowtheACEinstanceto runfromitscurrentlocation. Updatetheinternalpolicy clockofanACEinstanceto thecurrenttime. Netcloneconfigurationfile Pathtorecoverykeyfile Clonearegularvirtual machinefroman ACEenabledvirtual machine.
cloneToVM
Password Prompts
Allcommandspromptfortheadministrativetoolspassword.SeeSetting AdministratorModePoliciesonpage 419. ThesetPasswordcommandalsopromptsfortherecoverykeypasswordforthe privaterecoverykeyfile,anewACEinstancepassword,andconfirmationofthatnew password.SeeSetaRecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstancesonpage 396. Followingisanexampleofthecommand: vmware-acetool setPassword myACE.vmx recKey.priv
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Expiration Dates
Thenewexpirationdatecanbepassedasoneofthefollowing:

Anumberofdaysfromthecurrentdate AnabsolutedateintheformatYYYY-MM-DD AstartdateandanenddateintheformatYYYY-MM-DDYYYY-MM-DD Thespecialvalue"never",sothattheinstanceneverexpires Thespecialvalue"expired",sothattheinstanceexpiresimmediately
Followingareexamplesofthecommand: vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx 30 vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx 2007-06-16 vmware-acetool setExpirationDate myACE.vmx "never" vmware-acetool allowCopy myACE.vmx 30
Respond to Hot Fix Requests

IfyouenablethehotfixfeatureforstandaloneACEinstances,userscaneasilyrequest helptoresolvethefollowingproblems:

Lostorforgottenpassword ExpiredACEinstance CopyprotectedACEinstancerunfromanewlocation
Forinformationaboutenablingthehotfixfeature,seeSettingHotFixPoliciesfor StandaloneACEInstancesonpage 421.Forinformationaboutsettingarecoverykey, whichyoumusthavetosendahotfixforalostorforgottenuserpassword,seeSeta RecoveryKeyforEncryptedACEInstancesonpage 396. Whenthehotfixfeatureisenabled,ifanenduserseesanotificationthattheACE instanceisexpiredorcopyprotected,aRequestHotFixbuttonappearsinthedialog box.Theuserclicksthisbutton,whichlaunchestheHotFixRequestwizard.This wizardgeneratesahotfixrequestfile.Theusercansubmitthisfiletotheadministrator asanemailattachmentorinsomeotherway.
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To respond to a hot fix request 1 2 3 4 Whenyoureceivethehotfixrequestfile,saveittoalocationthatyoucanaccess fromtheadministratormachinewhereWorkstationisinstalled. OpentheACEenabledvirtualmachinefortheinstancethatrequiresthehotfix. ChooseFile>Open. NavigatetothelocationofthehotfixrequestfileandclickOpen. AhotfixtabopensintheWorkstationwindow.Thehotfixtabdisplaystheusers nameandemailaddress,theproblemthatledtothehotfixrequest,andany additionalnotetheuserentered. 5 6 7 ClickApprovehotfix. Entertheappropriateinformationinthedialogbox. Selectoneofthefollowingmethodsforsendingtheresponse:

ClickSendhotfixonthehotfixtabandclickOK. Sendthehotfixfile.Itisinthesamefolderasthehotfixrequest.Thefile extensionforthefixfileis.vmhf.
Thedisplayonthehotfixtabshowsthestatusofthehotfixrequest,approvedor denied,andthedateonwhichyoutookaction. Theuserappliesthehotfixbydoubleclickingthehotfixfile.
Troubleshooting Setup Issues

OccasionallyACEendusershaveproblemsloggingintoadomainafterrunningthe ReverttoReimageSnapshotcommand.Theymightsometimesalsohaveproblems withdomainvalidationandnameresolution.
Login Issues After Reverting to a Reimage Snapshot

Problem:TheACEusercannotlogtheACEinstancebackintoadomainafterchoosing VM>Snapshot>ReverttoReimageSnapshot. Description:TheACEinstancehasaWindowsguestoperatingsysteminstalledand themachineaccountpasswordforthedomainisperiodicallyrenewedbydefault.Ifthe passwordisrenewedbythetimetheuserrevertstheACEinstancetothesnapshot,the snapshotspasswordisinvalidandloginfails. Solution:Toavoidthisproblem,ensurethatthefollowingsecuritypolicyisenabled: Refusemachineaccountpasswordchanges.
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YoucanenablethispolicyontheACEenabledvirtualmachine(affectingallinstances createdfromit)orontheprimarydomaincontroller.Fordetailsabouthowtochange thepolicy,seethefollowingMicrosoftarticles:
LocalSecurityPoliciesGototheMicrosoftSupportsite,entertheMicrosoft knowledgebasearticleID175468inthesearchcriteria,andclickthefirstsearch result. PDCSecurityPoliciesGototheMicrosoftTechNetWebsiteandenterDomain controller:Refusemachineaccountpasswordchanges,inthesearchcriteria.
Issues with Domain Validation or Name Resolution

Problem:WhenyoutrytojoinanACEenabledvirtualmachinetoadomain,domain validationornameresolutiondoesnotwork. Description:SomeACEenabledvirtualmachineswithcertainnetworkconfigurations mightdemonstratetheseproblems. Solution:ConsulttheMicrosoftknowledgebasearticle.GototheMicrosoftSupport Website,entertheMicrosoftknowledgebasearticleID314108inthesearchcriteria, andclickthefirstsearchresult.
Issues with Domain Joins for Windows Vista and Windows 7 Guests
Problem:TheWindowsVistaandWindows7ACEinstancescannotjointhelocal domainandinstancecustomizationfailedwiththemessageNetDomainJoin function Error 1722: Could not join domain. Description:WindowsVistaandWindows7ACEinstancesmighthavethisproblem. Solution:Telltheusertopowerofftheinstanceandpoweritonagaintoretryinstance customization.Theproblemisintermittentandrestartingmightsolvetheproblem.
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Appendix: Workstation Command-Line Reference
Thisappendixdiscussesthecommandlineoptionsthatareavailableforthevmware program. Forinformationaboutusingthevmware-fullscreencommandtousefullscreen switchmode,seeUsingvmwarefullscreentoRunaVirtualMachineonpage 377. Forinformationaboutusingthevmrunprogramtooperateteamsorvirtualmachines fromthecommandline,seemanualcalledUsingvmruntoControlVirtualMachines. Thisappendixincludesthefollowingtopics:

StartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtualMachinesonpage 485 UsingStartupOptionsinaWindowsShortcutonpage 487
Startup Options for Workstation and Virtual Machines

Table A1describesoptionsavailablewhenyourunWorkstationfromthecommand line.YoucantypethesecommandsinaLinuxterminalwindoworattheWindows commandprompt.Youcanalsocreatescriptstorunmultiplecommands.
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Thesyntaxforthiscommandis:
OnaLinuxhostoperatingsystem:
/usr/bin/vmware [-n] [-x] [-X] [-m] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>] [-v] [/<path_to_virtual_machine>/<virtual_machine_name>.vmx] [X toolkit options]
OnaWindowshostoperatingsystem:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware.exe [-B] [-n] [-x] [-X] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>] [-v] [<path_to_virtual_machine>\<virtual_machine_name>.vmx]
Table A-1. Command-Line Options for the vmware Program

Option -n -B Description OpensanewWorkstationwindow. (Windowshostsonly)OpensanewWorkstationwindowbut hidesthesidebarandtoolbars.Onlythetabsofopenvirtual machinesareshown.Usingthisoptionhasthesameeffectas clickingtheWorkstationiconintheupperleftcornerofthe WorkstationwindowandchoosingHideControlsfromthe menuthatappears. Opensavirtualmachineorteaminanewtabintheexisting Workstationwindow. PowersonthevirtualmachinewhenWorkstationstarts.This isequivalenttoclickingthePowerOnbuttoninthe Workstationtoolbar. PowersonthevirtualmachineandswitchestheWorkstation windowtofullscreenmode. Startstheprograminquickswitchmode. Closesthevirtualmachinestabwhenthevirtualmachine powersoff.Ifnoothervirtualmachineisopen,italsoexits Workstation.Thisoptionisusefulwhentheguestoperating systemcanpoweroffthevirtualmachine. Setsthespecifiedvariabletothespecifiedvalue.Anyvariable namesandvaluesthatarevalidintheconfigurationfilecan bespecifiedonthecommandlinewiththe-sswitch. Displaystheproductname,version,andbuildnumber. Launchesavirtualmachinebyusingthespecifiedvirtual machineorteamconfigurationfile(.vmxor.vmtm file).
-t -x
-X -m -q
-s
-v <path_to_VM_or_team>
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Appendix: Workstation Command-Line Reference
OnLinuxhosts,Xtoolkitoptionscanbepassedasarguments,althoughsomeofthem (mostnotablythesizeandtitleoftheWorkstationwindow)cannotbeoverridden. XtoolkitoptionsarenotrelevantonaWindowshost.
Using Startup Options in a Windows Shortcut

Themostconvenientwaytousethestartupoptionsistoincorporatethemintothe commandthataWindowsshortcutgenerates. Tocreatetheshortcut,rightclicktheshortcutandclickProperties.IntheTargetfield, addanyswitchestouseafterthevmware.exefilename.Thefollowingsample commandlaunchesavirtualmachine,powersiton,andswitchestofullscreenmode:
"C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmware.exe -X <vmx_file_path>"
Enclosetheentirecommandstringinquotationmarks. Theconfigurationfilehasa.vmxextensionbydefault.Where<vmx_file_path> is the locationofthe .vmxfile.Youcanviewthedefault.vmxlocationfromtheWorkspace tabintheWorkstationPreferencesmenu.
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Glossary
Autologon Thisfeatureletsyousaveyourlogincredentialsandbypassthelogindialogbox whenyoupoweronaWindowsguest. AutoProtect Thisfeaturepreservesthestateofyourvirtualmachinebytakingsnapshotsat regularintervalsthatyouspecify.Thisprocessisinadditiontomanualsnapshots, whichyoucantakeatanytime.Seealsosnapshot.
bridgednetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehostsphysical network.Withbridgednetworking,avirtualmachineappearsasanadditional computeronthesamephysicalnetworkasthehost.Seealsohostonlynetworking. clone Aduplicateofavirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone,linkedclone. customnetworking Anytypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehostthatdoes notusethedefaultbridged,hostonly,ornetworkaddresstranslation(NAT) networkingconfigurations.Forexample,virtualmachinescanbeconnectedtothe hostbyseparatenetworksorconnectedtoeachotherandnottothehost.
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DE
diskmode Apropertyofavirtualdiskthatdefinesitsexternalbehavior(howthe virtualizationlayertreatsitsdata).Thediskmodeisinvisibletotheguest operatingsystem.Availablemodesincludepersistentmode(changestothedisk arealwayspreservedacrosssessions),nonpersistentmode(changesarenever preserved),andundoablemode(changesarepreservedattheusersdiscretion). Favorites AlistintheleftpanelofthemainWorkstationwindowthatshowsthenamesof virtualmachinesthatauserhasadded.YoucanusetheFavoriteslisttoopena virtualmachineortoconnecttothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileandmake changesinthevirtualmachinesettings. fullclone Acompletecopyoftheoriginalvirtualmachine,includingallassociatedvirtual disks.Seealsolinkedclone. fullscreenswitchmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen,and theuserhasnoaccesstotheWorkstationuserinterface.Theusercannotcreate, reconfigure,oropenvirtualmachines.Asystemadministratorperformsthose functions.
GotoSnapshot Acommandthatallowsyoutorestoreanysnapshotoftheactivevirtualmachine. SeealsoReverttoSnapshot. guestoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsinavirtualmachine.Seealsohostoperating systemonpage 491.
host Acomputerthatusesvirtualizationsoftwaretorunvirtualmachines.Alsocalled thehostmachineorhostcomputer.Thephysicalcomputeronwhichthe virtualization(orother)softwareisinstalled. hostonlynetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehost.With hostonlynetworking,avirtualmachineisconnectedtothehostonaprivate network,whichnormallyisnotvisibleoutsidethehost.Multiplevirtualmachines configuredwithhostonlynetworkingonthesamehostareonthesamenetwork. Seealsobridgednetworking,customnetworking.
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Glossary
hostoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsonthehostmachine.Seealsoguestoperating system.
IK
independentdisk Atypeofvirtualdiskthatisnotaffectedbysnapshots.Youcanconfigure independentdisksinpersistentandnonpersistentmodes.Seealsononpersistent mode,persistentmode,snapshot. LANsegment Aprivatevirtualnetworkthatisavailableonlytovirtualmachineswithinthesame team.Seealsovirtualnetwork,team. linkedclone Acopyoftheoriginalvirtualmachinethatmusthaveaccesstotheparentvirtual machinesvirtualdisks.Thelinkedclonestoreschangestothevirtualdisksina separatesetoffiles.Seealsofullclone.
LM
NO
nonpersistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginavirtual machineappeartobewrittentotheindependentdiskbutareinfactdiscarded afterthevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldisk inindependentnonpersistentmodeisnotmodifiedbyactivityinthevirtual machine.Seealsodiskmode,persistentmode,undoablemode. parent Thesourcevirtualmachinefromwhichyoutakeasnapshotormakeaclone.Afull clonehasnocontinuedlinktoitsparent,butalinkedcloneandasnapshotmust haveaccesstotheparentsvirtualdiskfiles.Ifyoudeletetheparentvirtual machine,anylinkedcloneorsnapshotbecomespermanentlydisabled.Toprevent deletion,youcanmaketheparentatemplatevirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone, linkedclone,snapshot. pausefeature Thepausefeaturecausesavirtualmachinetoceaseoperationtemporarily,without poweringofforsuspending.
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persistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginavirtual machineareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentoavirtualdiskthathasbeen configuredasanindependentdisk.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldiskin independentpersistentmodebehaveslikeaconventionaldiskdriveonaphysical computer.Seealsodiskmode,nonpersistentmode,undoablemode. physicaldisk Aharddiskinavirtualmachinethatismappedtoaphysicaldiskdriveorpartition onthehostmachine.Aphysicaldiskisalsocalledarawdisk.Avirtualmachines diskcanbestoredasafileonthehostfilesystemoronalocalharddisk.Whena virtualmachineisconfiguredtouseaphysicaldisk,Workstationdirectlyaccesses thelocaldiskorpartitionasaphysicaldevice(notasafileonafilesystem).Seealso virtualdisk.
quickswitchmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillsmostofthescreen.In thismode,tabsatthetopofthescreenallowyoutoswitchquicklyfromone runningvirtualmachinetoanother.Seealsofullscreenswitchmode. rawdisk Seephysicaldisk. record/replayfeature ThisfeatureletsyourecordallofaWorkstation5.x,6.x,or7.xvirtualmachines activityoveraperiodoftime.UnlikeWorkstationsmoviecapturefeature,the record/replayfeatureletsyouexactlyduplicatetheoperationsandstateofthe virtualmachinethroughoutthetimeoftherecording. redologfile Thefilethatstoreschangesmadetoadiskinallmodesexceptthepersistentand independentpersistentmodes.Foradiskinnonpersistentmode,theredologfile isdeletedwhenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachinewithoutwritingany changestothedisk.Youcanpermanentlyapplythechangessavedintheredolog toadiskinundoablemodesothattheybecomepartofthemaindiskfiles.Seealso diskmode. ReverttoSnapshot Torestorethestatusoftheactivevirtualmachinetoitsimmediateparentsnapshot. Thisparentisrepresentedinthesnapshotmanagerbythesnapshotappearingto theimmediateleftoftheYouAreHereicon.SeealsoGotoSnapshot,Snapshot Manager.
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Glossary
sharedfolder Afolderonahostcomputeroronanetworkdriveaccessiblefromthehostthat canbeusedbyboththehostandoneormorevirtualmachines.Itprovidesaway ofsharingfilesbetweenhostandguestoramongvirtualmachines.InaWindows virtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearasfoldersonadriveletter.InaLinuxor Solarisvirtualmachine,sharedfoldersappearunderaspecifiedmountpoint. snapshot Areproductionofthevirtualmachinejustasitwaswhenyoutookthesnapshot, includingthevirtualmachinespowerstate(on,off,orsuspended).Ifthevirtual harddisksarenotsettoindependentmode,asnapshotalsoincludesthestateof thedataonallthevirtualmachinesdisks.Youcantakeasnapshotwhenavirtual machineispoweredon,poweredoff,orsuspended.Seealsoindependentdisk, AutoProtect. SnapshotManager Acontrolpanelthatenablesyoutotakeactionsonanyofthesnapshotsand recordingsassociatedwiththeselectedvirtualmachine.Seealsorecord/replay feature,snapshot.
team Agroupofvirtualmachinesthatareconfiguredtooperateasoneobject.Youcan poweron,poweroff,andsuspendateamwithonecommand.Youcanconfigure ateamtocommunicateindependentlyofanyothervirtualorrealnetworkby settingupaLANsegment.SeealsoLANsegment,virtualnetwork. undoablemode Adiskmodeinwhichallwriteoperationsthatareissuedbysoftwarerunning insidethevirtualmachinesappeartobewrittentothedisk,but,infact,arestored inatemporaryfile(.REDO)forthedurationofthesession.Whenthevirtual machineispoweredoff,theuserhasthesechoices:permanentlyapplyallchanges tothedisk;discardthechanges,andrestorethedisktoitspreviousstate;orkeep thechanges,sothatfurtherchangesfromfuturesessionscanbeaddedtothelog. Seealsodiskmode,nonpersistentmode,persistentmode. Unitymode Adisplaymodeinwhichavirtualmachinesapplicationsaredisplayedin applicationwindowsdirectlyonthehostsdesktop.Thevirtualmachineconsole viewishidden,andyoucanminimizetheWorkstationwindow.Inthismode,a virtualmachinesapplicationslooklikeotherapplicationwindowsonthehost.
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VX
virtualdisk Afileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysicaldiskdrivetoaguestoperating system.Thesefilescanbeonthehostmachineoronaremotefilesystem.Seealso physicaldisk. virtualhardware Thedevicesthatmakeupavirtualmachine.Thevirtualhardwareincludesthe virtualdisk,removabledevicessuchastheDVDROM/CDROMandfloppy drives,andthevirtualEthernetadapter.Seealsovirtualmachinesettingseditor. virtualmachine Avirtualmachineisasoftwarecomputerthat,likeaphysicalcomputer,runsan operatingsystemandapplications.Multiplevirtualmachinescanoperateonthe samehostsystemconcurrently. virtualmachineconfiguration Thespecificationofwhichvirtualdevices,suchasdisksandmemory,arepresent inavirtualmachineandhowtheyaremappedtohostfilesanddevices. virtualmachineconfigurationfile Afilecontainingavirtualmachineconfiguration.This.vmxfileiscreatedwhen youcreatethevirtualmachine.Itisusedtoidentifyandrunaspecificvirtual machine. virtualmachinesettingseditor Apointandclickcontrolpanelusedtoviewandmodifyavirtualmachines settings. virtualnetwork Anetworkconnectingvirtualmachinesthatdoesnotdependonphysical hardwareconnections.Forexample,youcancreateavirtualnetworkbetweena virtualmachineandahostthathasnoexternalnetworkconnections.Youcanalso createaLANsegmentforcommunicationbetweenvirtualmachinesonateam.See alsoLANsegment,team. virtualnetworkeditor Apointandclickeditorusedtoviewandmodifythenetworkingsettingsforthe virtualnetworkscreatedbyWorkstation.
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Glossary
VMwarePlayer FreesoftwarethatenablesPCuserstocreateandrunanyvirtualmachineona WindowsorLinuxPC.VMwarePlayerrunsvirtualmachinescreatedbyVMware Workstation,VMwareServer,orESXServerandsupportsMicrosoftvirtual machinesandSymantecBackupExecSystemRecoverydiskformats. VMwareTools Asuiteofutilitiesanddriversthatenhancestheperformanceandfunctionalityof yourguestoperatingsystem.KeyfeaturesofVMwareToolsincludesomeorallof thefollowing,dependingonyourguestoperatingsystem:anSVGAdriver,a mousedriver,theVMwareToolscontrolpanelandsupportforsuchfeaturesas sharedfolders,draganddropinWindowsandLinuxguests,shrinkingvirtual disks,timesynchronizationwiththehost,VMwareToolsscripts,andconnecting anddisconnectingdeviceswhilethevirtualmachineisrunning.Seealsoshared folder.
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495
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Index
Numerics
3D support 172
A
About tab VMware Tools 121 access control policies, ACE 391, 397 ACE instance defined 383 installing on a Linux host 470 installing on a Windows host 466 offline usage 421 removable device policy 411 running a Pocket ACE 463 setting policies for 390 uninstalling from a Linux host 473 uninstalling from a Windows host 468 upgrading 473 ACE Management Server and Active Directory 397 defined 383 ACE New Package wizard 449 ACE Resources directory 446 ACE tools, using 479 ACE-enabled virtual machine configuring 447 creating packages for 450 defined 383 deployment platform 446 ACPI S1 sleep feature 380 activation policy, ACE 391
Active Directory password change proxying 397 adapter host virtual adapters 301, 410 in promiscuous mode on a Linux host 316 specifying physical, for ACE 410 virtual Ethernet 295 Add Hardware wizard 332, 363 Add Shared Folder wizard 191 address assigning IP 305 assigning MAC manually 309 IP on virtual network 304 MAC 308 network address translation 317 using DHCP to assign 304 administrative tools policy, ACE 419 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture, using 175 ALSA See Advanced Linux Sound Architecture appliance view for virtual machines 181 policy for ACE instances 415 assign IP address 304 network port number in NAT 323 audio 28, 174, 175 AudioPCI 175 authentication policy, ACE 391 autofit settings 163 Autologon feature 151
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automatic bridging 297, 410 AutoProtect restrictions 214 setting up 215 AutoProtect feature See also snapshot, AutoProtect 214
CD adding drive to virtual machine 250 CD-ROM image file 27 legacy emulation mode for 252 package delivery for ACE 453 .cfg file 93 change hot-key combinations 68 team name 274 virtual machine name 59 Change Version wizard 90 clock real-time on Linux host 37 synchronize guest and host 118 clone template 221 Clone Virtual Machine wizard 222 clones creating, for teams 272, 277, 283 creating, in Clone Virtual Machine wizard 221 enable template mode 221 full 220 IP address 222 linked 220, 226 MAC address and UUID of 219 network identity of 222 overview 219 static IP address 222 color display on VNC clients 227 screen, in a virtual machine 171 comm port See serial connection, serial port command-line interface for VMware Tools 130 for Workstation 485 commands keyboard shortcuts 67
B
background, running virtual machines in 66, 264 bandwidth controlling, in team networks 271 LAN segment 281 battery information, reporting in guest 179 BIOS file in virtual machine 93 provided in virtual machine 26 setup, entering 146 .bmp files for screen captures 182 bridged networking ACE policy for network adapters 410 and Samba servers 330 configuring options 297 browser and appliance views 181 configuring on Linux host 37 BT/KT-958 drivers 82, 83 bulkDeploy.exe program 462 bundle installer for Workstation 37 BusLogic 27, 362
C
capacity, disk 236, 249 capture screenshot 182 snapshot of virtual machine 203 virtual machine activity 257
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Index
startup, on the command line 378, 485 startup, on Windows hosts 487 compacting virtual disks 240 configure record/replay 259 connect CD/DVDs and floppies to ISO images 253 USB devices 353 Conversion wizard 131, 140, 141 converting virtual machines 131 copy and paste feature 189 copy protection policy for ACE instances 400 copy virtual machine 224 CPU host requirement 23 provided in virtual machine 26 creating ACE packages 449 policies for an ACE instance 390 virtual disks 242 Creative Labs 175 Creative Labs Sound Blaster 28 Ctrl+Alt hot-key combination 340 custom EULA ACE package setting 445
D
DDNS (dynamic domain name service) 312 debugging using serial connection 338 default scripts for VMware Tools 123 defragmenting virtual disks 239 deleting recordings of virtual machine activity 212, 269 snapshots 208, 212 virtual machines 156 deploy.exe program 461
VMware, Inc.
deployment settings, ACE deployment platform 446 encryption 436 EULA 445 instance customization 437 package lifetime 436 destinations for imported virtual machines 138 device connection policy 411 device drivers for generic SCSI devices 363 VMware Tools 98 devices ACE policies for USB 412 adding a generic SCSI device 363, 364 connecting and disconnecting 120, 180 disconnecting from USB controller 357 processor 26 removable, ACE policies for 411 USB 351 Devices tab in Preferences dialog box 61 VMware Tools 120 DHCP assigning IP addresses on a virtual network 304 changing settings 300 configuring on a Linux host 306 configuring on a Windows host 306 DHCPD 311 lease 300 on a virtual network with NAT 318 server 286, 300 server on virtual network 290, 291 stopping 315 dial-up connection 306
499
directories, shared 195, 196 disable acceleration 178 copying and pasting text and files 190 drag-and-drop of files and folders 188 folder sharing 192 interface features 369 disc labels for packages 453 disk See also virtual disk IDE drive supported in host 25 IDE drives in virtual machine 27 independent 207 mapping to a drive 199 optical drives supported in host 25 SCSI drive supported in host 25 size 236, 249 space required on host computer 25 .vmdk virtual disk file 93 display autofit settings for 163 color depth 171 fitting window to virtual machine 169 full screen 161, 163 multiple monitor 165, 168 requirements on hosts 24 switching virtual machines 164 Display tab in preferences editor 169 distributing ACE packages 449 DMZ 271 DNS on a NAT network 318 setup issues, troubleshooting 482 domain join, remote 443 domain problems 482 domain setting, in ACE instance customization 440
downgrading virtual machines 90 download 101 download components 100 drag-and-drop feature 187 dragging and dropping images, text, and file contents between host and guest 188 drivers SCSI 362 sound 175 video, in older versions of Windows 103 drives CD/DVD-ROM 27, 250 floppy 27, 250 IDE 27 tape 361 virtual IDE 242 virtual SCSI 242 dual-boot computers and virtual machines 254 dual-monitor display 165, 168 DVD adding drive to virtual machine 250 legacy emulation mode for 252 optical, supported 25 package delivery for ACE 453 dynamic domain name service 312
E
Eclipse installing the Workstation plug-in for 33 EHCI controller 28 EM64T processor 29 encrypt restrictions 154 encrypting a virtual machine 154
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Index
encryption for ACE packages and instances 436 enhanced virtual keyboard 339, 416 Ethernet adapter adding to virtual machine 295 for teams 282 promiscuous mode 316 virtual network adapters 286 Ethernet controller 25 Ethernet switches 29 exclusive mode 164 expand virtual disk 240 expiration policy for ACE instances 399
shared, See shared folder FreeBSD VMware Tools for 110 FTP 319 full screen mode 161 full screen settings 163 full screen switch mode 372, 379 full screen toolbar 163, 415
G
gated host network 310 global configuration file 372 graphics See also display support in virtual machine 27, 171 guest autofit 169 defined 22 fit command 169 guest network access policies, ACE 402, 411 guest operating system for ACE instance customization 439 installing 87 support for 64-bit 29 supported 29 upgrades 89 GUID Partition Table (GPT) disks 137
F
Favorites list creating folders in 58 overview 57 removing virtual machines from 58 files BIOS in virtual machine 93 redo log 93 Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 329 sharing among virtual machines and host 187 snapshot 93 suspended state 93 used by a virtual machine 93 used by snapshot 93 virtual machine 149 firewall 324 fit to guest and fit to window 169 floppy drives in virtual machine 27, 252 image file 27, 253 folders in the Favorites list 58
H
Hardware tab in virtual machine settings editor 64 headless virtual machines (run in the background) 66, 264 HIDs (human interface devices) 353 host defined 22 hard disk space required 25 network access policies, ACE 411
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optical drives supported 25 policies, ACE 402, 466 system requirements 23 virtual adapters 301 host-guest data script policies 397 host-only networking basic configuration 290 selecting IP addresses 304 hot fix, ACE policies 421 responding 481 hot keys for full screen switch mode 373, 375 hexadecimal values for 373 in Workstation preferences 340 setting 68 using Ctrl+Alt+Insert and Ctrl+Alt+Delete 67 Hot Keys tab 61
I
ICMP 319 IDE drive supported in host 25 drives in virtual machine 27 optical drive supported in host 25 IDESCSI, setting up virtual disk as 237 image file floppy 27, 253 ISO 27, 250, 253 import 143 importing virtual machines 131, 133 independent disk 207 initialization scripts for instance customization 440 install components 100 install ESX 4.0 and ESXi 4.0 on Workstation 86
installation requirement ESX 4.0 and ESXi 4.0 86 installing ACE instance on a Linux host 470 ACE instance on a Windows host 466 guest operating systems 87 Pocket ACE on portable device 461 software in a virtual machine 178 VMware Player on a Linux host 469 VMware Tools silently on Windows guests 104 Workstation on Linux host 37 Workstation on Windows host 33 Workstation silently on Windows hosts 35 instance customization, ACE deployment settings for 440 guest operating systems for 439 initialization scripts 440 Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools for 439 package settings, overview 437 packages with 453 placeholder values 442 specifying license information for Windows servers 443 workgroup or domain setting 440 Intel EM64T processor 29 IP address assigning 305 clone 222 static 305 IP packet forwarding 307 ISO image file 27, 250, 253
K
Kbps, for LAN segment 281 kernel paravirtual, support for 89
VMware, Inc.
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Index
key code mapping 345 keyboard enhanced virtual, ACE policy 416 enhanced virtual, on Windows 339 language keymaps for VNC clients 341 mapping on a Linux host 342 shortcuts 67, 157 USB 351 keyloggers 416 keysym defined 344 mapping 345 kiosk mode, ACE policies 420 preparing Linux hosts for 472 starting multiple virtual machines in 476 startup behavior 475
Linux installing on Linux host 37 uninstalling Workstation on Linux host 40 upgrading on Linux host 44 LiveState system image, importing 133 local area networking 25 location of virtual machine files 80, 149 lock files 236 log files 93, 379 LSI Logic 27, 82, 83, 362
M
MAC address and clones 219 assigning manually 309 of virtual Ethernet adapter 308 map key code 345 keyboard 342 keysym 345 mapped drives, for virtual disks 198 mapping virtual disks to a drive 199 master boot record (MBR) disks 137 memory amount required on host 23 settings 415 Microsoft Sysprep deployment tools 440 MIDI 174 mode exclusive 164 full screen 161 preview 448 promiscuous 316 quick switch 164 Unity 157 modifier keys 373
L
LAN segments and teams 280 changing name 281 configuring connections to 282 deleting 283 setting bandwidth 281 setting Kbps 281 setting packet loss 281 leaks, IP packet 306 legacy emulation for DVD/CD-ROM drives 252 license key for ACE instances 474 licensing, license key and 474 linked clones 226
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monitors specifying the number of 165, 168 using multiple 165, 168 mouse driver, installed by VMware Tools 98 USB 351 movie capture 183 moving a virtual machine 223 MP3 174 multiple monitors, using 165, 168 Mylex 27, 82, 83, 362
N
name changing team name 274 changing virtual machine name 59 NAT ACE policies for 409 advanced configuration 320 and DHCP 318 and DNS 318 and the host computer 318 external access from a NAT network 319 on virtual network 289, 317 port forwarding 323, 324, 328, 329 sample configuration file for Linux host 327 selecting IP addresses 304 specifying connection from port below 1024 321 NAT.conf file 322, 327 NetLogon 325 NetWare, Novell 111, 121 network adding and modifying virtual Ethernet adapters 295 automatic bridging 297
automatic bridging for ACE instances 410 changing DHCP settings 300 changing subnet settings 300 changing the configuration 295 components 285 configuring bridged networking options 297 DHCP 304 DHCP server 286 dial-up connection 306 dynamic domain name service 312 hardware address 308 host-only 290 host-only subnet 304 identity, clone 222 IP forwarding 307 IP packet leaks 306 MAC address 308 NAT 289, 317 NAT as firewall 324 NAT subnet 304 packet filtering 307 promiscuous mode on a Linux host 316 routing between two host-only networks 314 Samba 329 second bridged network on a Linux host 299 switch 285 token ring 289 two host-only networks 302 virtual DHCP server 290, 291 virtual Ethernet adapter 286 virtual network editor 297, 301, 306 virtual switch 285 virtualizing in a team 271 network access policies, ACE 402, 410
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VMware, Inc.
Index
network adapters creating, for team networks 282 virtual, adding 295 virtual, overview of 286 network image package delivery for ACE 453 New Package wizard 449 New Virtual Machine wizard 60, 76, 85, 235 NFS ports 321 Novell NetWare VMware Tools for 111 NVRAM 93
O
offline usage of ACE instances, policy 421 open virtual machine format (.ovf and .ova files) 135 operating system installing guest 87 support for 64-bit guest 29 optical drive supported in host 25 Options tab virtual machine settings editor 65 VMware Tools 118 .ovf and .ova files 135
P
P2V (physical-to-virtual) conversion 131 Package Properties dialog box 454 package settings, ACE custom EULA 445 deployment platform 446 encryption 436 instance customization 437 package lifetime 436 placeholder values in instance customization 442 remote domain join 443
VMware, Inc.
workgroup or domain in instance customization 440 Packages tab 454 packages, ACE burning files onto discs 453 changing lifetime setting 436 creating 449 creation progress 453 deployment for Pocket ACE 461 deployment platform for 446 disc labels for 453 disk space required for 452 distribution format 453 Pocket ACE installation 461 pre-deployment test for 455 previewing before deployment 455 registration 453 testing before deployment 455 viewing history of 454 packet filtering 307 leaks 306 packet loss, configuring, for LAN segments 281 parallel ports configuring on a Linux host 333 in a virtual machine 331 installing in virtual machines 332 paravirtualized kernels in Linux guests 89 parent snapshot 205 pause restrictions 153 pause feature 152 physical disk adding physical disks 244 capacity 238 storing virtual disks on 237 using in a virtual machine 238
505
ping 319 placeholder values in instance customization 442 platform deployment settings, ACE 446 Player policy, ACE 415 plug-ins writing, for ACE instances 424 .png files for screen captures 182 Pocket ACE deleting the cache 468, 473 deploying 461 description 84, 457 Disk Size Calculator 84 installing on portable device 461 instructions for running 463 portable device requirements 459 Pocket ACE Deploy Utility dialog box 461 policies, ACE access control 391 activation 391 administrative tools 419 authentication 391 copy protection 400 device connection 411 expiration 399 host 402, 466 host-guest data script 397 hot fix 421 kiosk mode 420 network access 402 Player runtime 415 removable device 411 resource signing 401 runtime preferences 415 setting for an ACE instance 390 snapshot 418 update frequency 421 USB device 412
using scripts 424 virtual printer policy 414 policy editor, using 390 policy update frequency, ACE 421 port TCP and UDP below 1024 321 VNC 227 port forwarding 323, 324, 328, 329 Power menu disable functions 369 using, for teams 280 power off snapshot options 213 team 279 Power Off button 150 power on a virtual machine 146 team 279 to BIOS 146 Powered On list 59 power-on script for ACE instances 394 preferences display 169 hot keys 340 setting, for Workstation 61 VMware Tools upgrade options 113 workspace 61 Preview in Player icon 448 preview mode, ACE 448, 455 previewing ACE packages 455 printer feature 179 printers ACE virtual printer policy 414 using host printers in a virtual machine 179 processor host requirement 23 provided in virtual machine 26 supported for 64-bit guest 23, 29
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VMware, Inc.
Index
promiscuous mode 316 publishing ACE policy changes 455
Q
quick switch mode 164 quiet mode, install VMware Tools 104 quitting ACE Player 479
R
RAM amount required on host 23 raw disk 238 Real Media 174 real-time clock requirement on Linux host 37 record/replay feature 257, 259 recordings of virtual machine execution deleting 212 renaming 211 .REDO file 93 registration of ACE packages 453 of VMware Workstation 69 reimage snapshots 418 remote connections to a virtual machine 227 remote domain join 443 RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap property 341 removable devices ACE policies for 411 deploying Pocket ACE packages to 461 disconnecting 357 removable drive for Pocket ACE 461 removing a virtual disk 243 devices from a virtual machine 180 Repair option for VMware Tools installations 103
VMware, Inc.
repairing VMware Tools installations 112, 116 Replay toolbar 261, 262 reporting problems to VMware 71 Reset button 150 resizing Linux guests 169 Solaris guests 170 resolution, screen 163 resource signing policy for ACE instances 401 restricted user interface 369 resume team 279 virtual machine 201 reverting to snapshot 211, 212 routing between host-only networks 314 host only 310 runtime preferences policy, ACE 415
S
Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 329 modifying configuration for Workstation 329 on both bridged and host-only networks 330 scan code 344 scanner 361 screen captures 182 screen colors for VNC clients 227 setting, for virtual machines 171 screen modes full screen 161 quick switch 164 screen resolution 170 screenshot capture 182
507
screenshots 182 scripts creating custom VMware Tools 124 enabling, disabling, and running 120 for ACE instance customization 440 power on, for ACE instances 394 running and disabling 126 running during power state changes 123 startup, for ACE kiosk mode 476 writing, for ACE instances 424 Scripts tab in VMware Tools 120 SCSI adding a generic SCSI device 363, 364 avoiding concurrent access on a Linux host 363 connecting to generic 361 devices in virtual machine 27 drive supported in host 25 driver for Windows NT guest 362 driver for Windows Server 2003 guest 362 driver for Windows XP guest 362 drivers 82, 83, 362 generic SCSI on a Linux host 363 generic SCSI on a Windows host 361 optical drives 25 permissions for a generic SCSI device on a Linux host 361 setting up virtual disk as 237 serial connection between host application and virtual machine 335 between two virtual machines 335 for debugging 338 to a serial port on the host 335 serial port, installing and using 335
server DHCP 286, 306, 318, 325 DNS 312, 318, 320 WINS 319 setting up AutoProtect 215 share files on a Linux host with Samba 329 shared folder enable and disable 192 mounting, on Linux 196 on Linux and Solaris guests 196 permissions on Linux 196 using 190 viewing 195 sharing virtual machines 226 shortcuts, keyboard 61, 67, 340 shrink virtual disks 121, 240 virtual disks in Netware 121 Shrink tab, VMware Tools 121 sidebar panel 56 size disk 236, 249 virtual disk 27 sleep, ACPI 380 smart cards in virtual machines 358 SMP See virtual SMP snapshot 215 and Workstation 4 virtual machines 215 as background activity 206 AutoProtect 214 deleting 208, 212 disabling menu functions 369 excluding virtual disks from 207 files 93 linear process 203
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VMware, Inc.
Index
parent 205 policies 418 power-off options 213 preserving AutoProtect 215 process tree 204 renaming 208, 211 restoring 211 reverting to 211 reverting to at power off 212 taking 209 team 283 using 203 snapshot manager 208 software components 101 Solaris resizing guests 170 VMware Tools for 109 sound configuring 174 drivers for Windows 9x and NT guests 175 Sound Blaster 175 support in guest 28 .spf file, importing 133 starting ACE Player 474, 475 Workstation 47 startup commands used by VMware Tools 128 startup scripts for ACE kiosk mode 476 using VMware Tools 127 static IP addresses clone 222 range of 318 .std file 93 stopping ACE Player 479
recording virtual machine activity 264 StorageCraft images, importing 133 streaming virtual machines 148, 229 stretch guest display setting 163 subnet changing settings 300 in NAT configuration 304 on host-only network 304 substring matching, for configuring which physical network adapter to use 410 support scripts, running 71 suspend files 93 team 279 virtual machine 201 .sv2i file, importing 133 SVGA drivers installing, in older Windows guests 103 switch virtual network 285 workspaces in Linux guest 340 symmetric multiprocessing See virtual SMP system requirements 23 for guests 29 host 23
T
tabs in Preferences dialog box 61 in VMware Tools control panel 117 virtual machine 48 tape drive 361 .tar file for installing VMware Tools 107 team adding virtual machine to 277
VMware, Inc.
509
and LAN segments 280 cloning virtual machine from 283 closing 274 creating clone in New Team wizard 272, 277 deleting 275 Ethernet adapters for 282 name change 274 network 271 new 272 no clone template 221 opening 273 overview 271 power off 279 powering on 279 removing virtual machine from 277 resume 279 snapshot 283 suspend 279 Telnet 319 template mode for clones 221 3D support 172 time, synchronizing, between guest and host 118 time.synchronize options for VMware Tools 119 token ring 289 toolbar customizing 55, 56 hide 369 Tools panel in the virtual machine settings editor 115 Tools upgrade options 113 troubleshooting responding to ACE hot fix requests 481 with vmware-acetool 479 two-way virtual SMP 366
U
UHCI controller 28 uninstalling an ACE instance from a Linux host 473 an ACE instance from a Windows host 468 host virtual adapters 301 VMware Tools 116 Workstation on Linux host 40 Workstation on Windows host 37 Unity mode 157 update frequency 421 updates, checking for Workstation 59 updating VMware Tools 115 upgrade ACE instances 473 guest operating systems 89 on Linux host 44 on Windows host 41 on Windows Vista host 42 removing snapshots before virtual machine upgrades 40 virtual machines 90, 91 VMware Tools 113, 115 USB connecting devices 353 control of devices by host and guest 356 controller, enabling and disabling 352 device policies, ACE 411, 412 devices in a virtual machine 351 disconnecting devices 357 keyboard and mouse 351 on a Linux host 356 on a Windows host 355 port specifications 28 supported device types 351
510
VMware, Inc.
Index
user interface overview 48 restricted 369 UUID (universal unique identifier) and clones 219 location 217 options for when you move a virtual machine 218 specifying 218
V
VAssert API 185 version, changing virtual machine 90 VGA 170 virtual adapters host virtual adapters 301 specifications for 29 virtual appliances open virtual machine format (OVF) 135 virtual disk See also disk adding to virtual machine 242, 243 allocating disk space 84 compacting 240 defined 236 defragmenting 239 expanding 240 IDE, size 27 legacy 255 mapping, to a Windows drive 198, 199 setting up as IDE or SCSI 237 shrinking 121, 240 shrinking in Netware 121 size 27 storing on physical disks 237 using in a new virtual machine 78 Virtual Disk Manager 254
.vmdk file 93 Virtual Disk Manager 254 virtual hardware CPU issues 141 disk device issues 141 Ethernet adapter issues 141 graphics card issues 141 virtual keyboard 339 virtual machine adding a virtual disk 242, 243 adding floppy drive 252 adding or modifying an Ethernet adapter 295 adding physical disk 244 adding to team 277 and SMP 366 Autologon 151 cloning from team 283 constituent files 93 conversion 131 creating 75, 131 creating a clone 221 default location of 80 delete 156 encrypting 154 files 149 IDE drives in 27 installing software in 178 migrating 225 moving 217, 223 moving SMP virtual machines 367 name change 59 pausing 152 platform specifications 26 portability 236 power off vs. shut down 150 removing from Favorites list 58 removing from team 277 reset vs. restart 150
VMware, Inc.
511
resuming 201 running in the background 66, 264 settings 63 shutting down 149 starting 146 starting in full screen mode 377 suspending 201 upgrade or downgrade 90 upgrading procedure 91 using snapshots 203 Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) 98 virtual machine settings editor restricting access 369 VMware Tools panel 115 Virtual PC, importing 133 virtual printer policy, ACE 414 virtual SMP 366, 367 virtual switch 285 virtual symmetric multiprocessing See virtual SMP Visual Studio installing the Workstation plug-in for 33 VIX API 185 VM streaming 148, 229 .vmc file, importing 133 VMCI Sockets interface 185 .vmdk file 93 .vmem file 93 VMI (Virtual Machine Interface) enabled kernels 89 VMnet1 312 VMnet8 317 .vmsd file 93 .vmsn file 93 .vmss file 93 .vmtm file 93 vmtoolsd program 98, 124, 128, 130
VMware ACE, key features of 382 vmware command for VM streaming 148, 229 vmware command-line program 485 VMware Converter 131, 133 VMware Player installing on a Linux host 469 quitting ACE 479 running 231 sharing virtual machines with 230 starting ACE 474 VMware Tools About tab 121 automated install 104 command-line interface 130 configuring 117 configuring in a Netware virtual machine 121 control panel 117 device drivers 98 Devices tab 120 for FreeBSD guests 110 for NetWare guests 111 for Solaris guests 109 installing from the command line with the RPM installer 107 installing from the command line with the tar installer 107 installing on Windows guests 102 modifying installation 116 Options tab 118 running scripts during power state changes 123 Scripts tab 120 Shrink tab 121 silent install 104 taskbar icon, displaying 118 uninstalling 116 updating 113, 115
512
VMware, Inc.
Index
using from command line 121 VMware user process 99 vmwtool commands 121 VMware Tools service executing commands on halt or reboot 126 overview of 98 passing strings from the host 127 VMware user process, in VMware Tools 99 vmware-user, starting manually 112 vmware-acetool, using 479 vmware-fullscreen log file 379 vmwtool program 121 .vmx file 93 .vmxf file 93 VNC setting a keyboard map for 341 setting a virtual machine to act as a VNC server 227 VProbes 185 v-scan code defined 344 table of codes 347
Windows Server 2003 SCSI driver for guest 362 Windows XP SCSI driver for guest 362 Windows XP Mode 143 wizard Add Hardware 332, 363 Add Shared Folder 191 Change Version 90 Clone Virtual Machine 222 Conversion 131 New Package 449 New Team 272 New Virtual Machine 60, 76, 85 Workspace tab in preferences editor 61 workspaces location of 61 switching in Linux guest 340 Workstation checking for updates for 59 starting 47
X
X server and keyboard mapping 342 X toolkit options 487 xFree86 and keyboard mapping 342
W
.wav file 174 Windows uninstalling on Windows host 37 upgrading on Windows host 41 upgrading to Windows Vista 42 VMware Tools for 102 Windows 95 sound driver 175 Windows 98 sound driver 175 Windows NT SCSI driver for guest 362 sound driver 175
Z
zip drives 357
VMware, Inc.
513
514
VMware, Inc.

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Workstation Users Manual

VMware Workstation 7.1

Workstation Users Manual

VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

ConversionImpactonSettings 140 MigrationIssuesCausedbyHardwareChanges 141 OpenaThirdPartyVirtualMachineorSystemImage 141 ImportaVirtualMachine,VirtualAppliance,orSystemImage ImportaWindowsXPModeVirtualMachine 143

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

UsingaSambaServerforBridgedandHostOnlyNetworks 330 UseSambaWithoutNetworkAccess 330

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

Workstation Users Manual

About This Book

Hostlegacyapplicationsandovercomeplatformmigrationissues. Configureandtestnewsoftwareorpatchesinanisolatedenvironment. Automatetasksforsoftwaredevelopmentandtesting. DemonstratemultitierconfigurationsonasinglePC.

Workstation Users Manual

Technical Support and Education Resources

Online and Telephone Support

VMware Professional Services

Introduction and System Requirements

VMwareWorkstationisadesktopsoftwarethatallowsyoutorunmultiplex86and x64compatibledesktopandserveroperatingsystemssimultaneouslyonasinglePC, infullynetworked,portablevirtualmachineswithnorebootingorharddrive partitioningrequired.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:

ProductBenefitsonpage 21 OverviewofThisManualonpage 22 HostSystemRequirementsonpage 23 VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 26 SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 29

DevelopandtestmultipleoperatingsystemsandapplicationsonasinglePC. Connectvirtualmachinestosimulateandtestmultitierconfigurations. Usemultiplesnapshotsanddebuggingsupporttofacilitatetesting. Archivetestenvironmentsonfileserverswheretheycanbeeasilyrestoredor shared.

Workstation Users Manual

Packageanddeployclassroommaterialinvirtualmachines. Allowstudentstoexperimentwithmultipleoperatingsystems,applications,and toolsinsecure,isolatedvirtualmachines. Configurevirtualmachinestoundoallchangesatshutdown. Democomplexormultitierconfigurationsonasinglelaptop.

Overview of This Manual

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Host System Requirements

HostThephysicalcomputeronwhichyouinstalltheWorkstationsoftwareis calledthehostcomputer,anditsoperatingsystemisthehostoperatingsystem. GuestTheoperatingsystemrunninginsideavirtualmachineiscalledaguest operatingsystem.

Standardx86compatibleorx8664compatiblepersonalcomputer. 1.3GHzorfasterCPUminimum. Compatibleprocessorsincludethefollowing:

IntelPentium4,PentiumM(withPAE),Core,Core2,Corei3,Corei5,and Corei7processors AMDAthlon,AthlonMP,AthlonXP,Athlon64,AthlonX2,Duron,Opteron, TurionX2,Turion 64,Sempron,Phenom,andPhenomII

Multiprocessorsystemsaresupported. Supportfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsisavailablewithIntelVTcompatible PCwithIntelVirtualizationTechnologyfeatureturnedonormostAMD64 processors(excepttheearliestrevisionCOpteronprocessors).

ForhardwarerequirementstosupportWindows7Aerographics,see RecommendationsforWindows7AeroGraphicsSupportonpage 24.

Workstation Users Manual

Recommendations for Windows 7 Aero Graphics Support

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Optical CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drives

IDEandSCSIopticaldrivesaresupported. CDROMandDVDROMdrivesaresupported. ISOdiskimagefilesaresupported.

Local Area Networking

YoucanuseanyEthernetcontrollerthatthehostoperatingsystemsupports. NonEthernetnetworksaresupportedbyusingbuiltinnetworkaddress translation(NAT)orusingacombinationofhostonlynetworkingplusrouting softwareonthehostoperatingsystem.

Host Operating System

Workstation Users Manual

Virtual Machine Specifications

Sameprocessorasthatonhostcomputer. Onevirtualprocessoronahostwithoneormorelogicalprocessors. Uptoeightvirtualprocessors(eightwayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessing,or Virtual SMP)onahostwithatleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowingareconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:

AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs. AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU. Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled.

Intel440BXbasedmotherboard NS338SIO 82093AAIOAPIC

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

UptofourdevicesDisks,CDROMorDVDROM(DVDdrivescanbeusedto readdataDVDROMdiscs;DVDvideoisnotsupported). Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. IDEvirtualdisksupto2TB. CDROMcanbeaphysicaldeviceoranISOimagefile.

Serial (COM) Ports

Workstation Users Manual

Parallel (LPT) Ports

Mouse and Drawing Tablets

PS/2andUSBmouse. Serialtabletssupported. USBtabletssupported.

Upto10virtualEthernetcards. AMDPCnetPCIIIcompatible. For64bitguests:IntelPro/1000MTServerAdaptercompatible.

Soundoutputandinput. EmulatesCreativeLabsSoundBlasterAudioPCI.(DoesnotsupportMIDIinputor gameportcontroller/joysticks.)

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Supported Guest Operating Systems

Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems

MostAMD64processors(excepttheearliestrevisionCOpteronprocessors) IntelPentium4andCore2,andCorei7processorswithEM64TandIntel VirtualizationTechnology

Workstation Users Manual

Installing and Upgrading VMware Workstation

ThischapterdiscusseshowtoinstallWorkstationonyourLinuxorWindowshost. This chaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:

InstallationPrerequisitesonpage 31 SharingaWorkstationHostwithOtherVMwareProductsonpage 32 InstallWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 33 InstallWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 37 PreparingforanUpgradeonpage 40 UpgradeWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 41 UpgradeWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 44