You are on page 1of 24

) (

) (



.


.
) (HPC ) (SCC ) (RPC
) (RCC
.
.

-


. ) (Beton
. ) (Concrete
) (Concretus .

.
...
.
.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

-


.


) (
.
.
. )
( .
:

8000
6000
4000
2000
0

)
(

10000

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

900
800
700
600

400

500

300

1995
2000

200

2005
2010

100
0

/ .

.

.

-
)(ACI
) (BS ... ACI 211 .
ACI 211 :
:

) (W/C .

) (MSA
.

W/C ..

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

:
.
) ACI
(211 .
.
) (

(HPC) (SCC)
(RPC) (RCC)
..
- )(HPC
.
] [Forster,1994


.
. (Aitcin and
)Nevill,1993

.
) (ACI,1990 .

.
) (Segregation
.
.
.
) (ASTM .
-
ASTM-C666
.
) (Mullick,2005

____________________________________________________________________
1

High Performance Concrete


Self Consolidating Concrete
3
Reactive Powder Concrete
4
Roller Compacted Concrete
2

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


.
(FHWA, 2006 , Mindes, 1994 )
:

.
) ( .

:

:
-

____________________________________________________________________
Federal Highway Administration

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

: (Goodspeed,1996) FHWA

FHWA

-
) =X
(

)=X
(
)=X

(
) =X(

) =X
(

) =X
(

) =X
(
) =X
(

AASHTO-T161
ASTM-C666

60% <X < 80%

X > 80%

ASTM-C672

X = 4, 5

X = 2, 3

X=0, 1

ASTM-C944

1<X<2

0.5 < X < 1

X < 0.5

AASHTO-T277
ASTM-C1202

2000 <X <3000

800<X<2000

X < 800

AASHTO-T2
ASTM-C39

41 < X < 55

55 < X < 69

69 <X < 97

X > 97

ASTM-C469

28 < X <40

40 <X < 50

X > 50

ASTM-C157

600 <X < 800

400<X< 600

X < 400

ASTM-C152

60 < X < 75

45 < X < 60

30 < X < 45

X < 30

) (w/c .

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

)(Silica Fume )(Fly Ash


.

)(Retarding Admixtures .


) ( .
) (
:
.
.
. .
). ( Aitcin, 1998

/ ) Hanson et al,
.(1993
/ .
)
.(
:


)(Blended Cement
-









)(ASR


PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

.

.

) (Aitcin & Neville,1993

) (Basu,2001 ) (Aitcin,1993
:

:
.
) (C3A ) (C3S .
.

:

) (/ )
( .
.
.

:
.
.
.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

:

-
. SiO
. ASTM-C1240
) (ACI-226
) .(Mullick,1998
.
) (
. /
.

:
(PCE)
.
.

.

) .(Neville,1995

.

.
.
.
.
) .(Mullick,1998

. .

.



.
____________________________________________________________________
Plolycarboxylatether

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

. )(


.
/
) .(Mullick,1998 C-S-H
) (
.

.

C-S-H .
. C-S-H
.
.
. -
) .(Mullick,2005
ASTM .

.

.
:





ASTM-C39
ASTM-C39
ASTM-C78
ASTM-C944
ASTM-C1207
AASHTO-T259/260
ASTM-C642
ASTM-C469

____________________________________________________________________
1

Microstructure
Ettringite
3
Micro-cracks
2

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

- )(SCC

.
:
Self Consolidating Concrete

Self Compacting Concrete

.
SCC ) .(Ozawa et al,1989
SCC
.
.
SCC
. SCC
.

.
SCC :

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

: )(Mullick, 2005

Kaiga


BandraWorli

jj


Katraj

) (

)(

) (

) (

) (

) (
-

)( ) .(
:

.
.
.

(VMA)
.(Khayat, 1999) .
____________________________________________________________________
Viscosity Modifying Admixtures

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

: SCC

SCC .

(NMS) 1
.

.

). (Ozyildirim, 1994 & Mullick, 2005
- )(RPC
)
/ / (
) .(Richard etal,1994
)( .

.
.

) . (Collepardi, 1994
) (
.

____________________________________________________________________
Nominal Maximum Size
Discontinuous Discrete Fibers

1
2

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

: (Ozyildirim, 1994 & Mullick, 2005) SCC


DMRC

) (
) (
) (

) (
) (
)
(
)) (VMA
(
)
(
)
(


) (
) (
) (
)(
) %(




P1

P2

)
(

)
(

) (

RPC :
-
-
-
-
-


.
:

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

/
/

RPC

. )
( /
) (
.
) / /
( . RPC

). ( Bonneau et al, 1997

: RPC

: RPC

RPC
. )
( )

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

( .
.
- )( RCC
RCC

.

.
) (Raphael,1972 . -
.
) (Cannon, 1972
.

) (
: RPC

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com



) .(Johnson, et al, 1979
RCC RCD

).(Rahimi, 1990



/ .

.

.
.

.
) .(Hall, 1974
RCC :
-

) (

) (

.
) ( )
( (Rahimi,
. 1993

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

:
) (

-
) (HPC
) (SCC ) (RPC ) (RCC ) (NC
.
.

) (

) (


0.55

75
1000

0.35
0.3

0.3

HPC

SCC

400

0.17

300

300

20

25

20

120
0.4
RPC

RCC

NC

HPC

RPC

SCC

RCC

NC

) (

HPC

SCC

RCC

RPC

NC

) (
600

200

80

500

200

70
50

100

30
0
HPC

SCC

RPC

RCC

NC

HPC

SCC

RPC

RCC

NC

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

-


.
:

)

( .


.




)(SCC

.

.


.


.
.
.....
.
.

-
1- ACI Committee 363. (1990). State-of-the-Art Report on High-Strength Concrete,ACI
Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, Part 1, 48 pp.
2- ACI Committee 207, (1980), Roller compacted concrete (ACT 207.5R-80), American
Concrete Institute, Detroit, 22pp.
3- Aitcin, P. C. and A. Neville. (1993), High-Performance Concrete Demystified, Concrete
International, Jan, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 21-26.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

4- Aitcin, P. C., (1998), High Performance Concrete, E&FN SPON, London, 235 p.
5- Baalbaki, M., S. L. Sarkar, P-C. Aitcin, and H. Isabelle. (1993), Properties and Microstructure
of High-Performance Concretes Containing Silica Fume, Slag, and Fly Ash, Fly Ash, Silica
Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete. Proceedings of the Fourth International
Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, Ed. by V. M. Malhotra; American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI,
Vol. 2, pp. 921-942. (ACI SP-132)
6- Basu, P.C., (2001), High Performance Concrete: Mechanism and Application, Journal of
Indian Concrete Institute (ICI), Vol. 2 (2),
7- Bennenk, H. W. & J.Van Schiindel, (2002), The mix design of SCC, suitable for the precast
concrete industry, Proceedings of the BIBM Congress, Istanbul, Turkey.
8- Bickley, J., K.H. Khayat, and M. Lessard., (2000), Performance of Self-Consolidating
Concrete for Casting Basement and Foundation Walls, ACI Materials Journal, Title No. 97M44, pp. 374-380.
9- Billberg, P. (2002), Mix design model for SCC (the blocking criteria), Proceedings of the
first North American conference on the design and use of SCC, Chicago.
10- Billberg, P., (1999), Self-compacting concrete for civil engineering structures - the Swedish
Experience, Report no 2:99. Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute. Stockholm.
11- Bonen, D. and Shah, S.P., (2005). Fresh and hardened properties of self-consolidating
concrete, Progress in Structural Engin. Mater. J.,Vol 7(1) 14-26.
12- Bonneau, O., Lachemi, M., Dallaire, E., Dugat, J., and Aitcin, P.,(1997), Mechanical Properties
and Durability of Two Industrial Reactive Powder Concretes, ACI Materials Journal, JulyAugust.
13- Brameshuber, W. and Uebachs, S., (2002),. The application of self-compacting concrete in
Germany under special consideration of rheological aspects, pp. 211-126, in 1st North
American Confer. On the Design and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete, November12-13.
14- Bui, V.K. and Shah, S.P.,(2002). Rapid methods for testing quality of fresh selfconsolidating concrete, pp. 281-285 in 1st North American Confer. On the Design and Use of
Self-Consolidating Concrete, November12-13.
15- Campion, M.J., and P. Jost., (2000), Self-Compacting Concrete: Expanding the Possibilities
of Concrete Design and Placement, Concrete International, No. 4, pp. 31-34.
16- Cannon, R.W., (1972), Concrete dam construction using earth compaction methods,
Economical Construction of Concrete Dams, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York,
pp. 143-152.
17- Cannon, R.W., (1974), Compaction of mass concrete with vibratory roller, ACI Journal,
Proc. Vol. 71, No. 10.
18- Domone P, Chai H and Jin J., (1999), Optimum mix proportioning of self-compacting
concrete , Proceedings of International Conference on Innovation in Concrete Structures: Design
and Construction, Dundee, Thomas Telford; London. Pp. 277-285.
19- Domone, P. L., and Jin, J., (1999), Properties of Mortar for Self-Compacting Concrete
Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete, Stockholm,
Sweden, 109-120.
20- Ferraris, C.F., 1996, Measurement of Rheological Properties of High Performance
Concrete , State of the Art Report, NISTIR 5869. National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Gaithersburg, Md.
21- Gomes P.C.C, Gettu R, Agullo L, Bernard C, (2002), Mixture proportioning of high strength,
Self-Compacting Concrete: Performance and Quality of concrete structures, Third
CANMET/ACI Int. Conf. (Recefi, Brazil) Supplementary CD, 12p.
22- Goodspeed, C. H., S. Vanikar, and R. A. Cook. (1996), High-Performance Concrete Defined
for Highway Structures, Concrete International, Feb, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 62-67.
23- Graybeal, B., Harman, J., (2002).Ultra-High Performance Concrete Material Properties,
Transportation Research Board.
24- Hall, D.J, and D.L. Houghton, (1974), Roller compacted concrete studies at Lost Creek
Dam, U.S. Army Engineers District, Portland, Oregon.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

25- Hansen, K.D., (1986), Roller compacted concrete development in the USA, Water Power
and Dam Construction, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 9-12.
26- Hanson M. R., M. L. Leming, P. Zia, and S. H. Ahmad. (1994), Development and Production
of High-Performance Concrete, Proceedings of ACI International Conference, Singapore; Ed.
by V.M. Malhotra; American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, pp 347-362. (ACI SP-149)
27- Hanson, M. R., M. L. Leming, P. Zia, and S. H. Ahmad. (1993), Chloride Permeability and
AC Impedance of High Performance Concrete, High Performance Concrete in Severe
Environments. Proceedings of the Symposium on High Performance Concrete in Severe
Environments, held at the ACI Fall Convention, Minneapolis, MN; Ed. by Paul Zia; American
Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, pp 121-145. (ACI SP-140).
28- Hague, M.N., B.W. Langan, and M.A. Ward, (1986), Marginal in roller compacted concrete
for pavement construction, ACI Journal Proc., Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 674-679.
29- Higuchi, M, (1998), State of the Art Report on Manufacturing of Self-Compacting
Concrete. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Self-Compacting Concrete, Kochi,
Japan, 360-367.
30- Hindy, E. E., B. Miao, O. Chaallal, and P.C. Aitcin. (1994), Drying Shrinkage of Ready-Mixed
High-Performance Concrete, ACI Materials Journal, May-June, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 300-305.
31- Hollingworth, F., (1986), Rollcrete: Some applications to dams in South Africa, Water
Power and Dam Construction, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 13-25.
32- Hwang, S.-D., Khayat, K.H., (2006), Performance of Hardened Self-Consolidating Concrete
Designated for Repair Applications , ACI SP-233 Workability of SCC: Roles of its
Constituents and Measurement Techniques, Ed. Shi, C., Khayat, K.H.
33- James, J.C. and G.R. Mass, (1980), Use of roller compacted concrete in dam construction,
Proc. Of Int. Symp. Geotechnical Problems and Practice of Dam Engineering, pp. 265-280.
34- Japan Society of Civil Engineers, (1999), Recommendation for Self-Consolidating Concrete,
T. Omoto and K. Ozawa, eds., JSCE Concrete Engineering Series 31, pp.77.
35- Johnson, H.A. and P.C. Chao, (1979), Rolcrete usage in Tarbela Dam, Concrete International,
Nov. Issue, pp. 20-33.
36- Joshi N.G., (2001), Bandra - Worli Sea Link: Evolution of HPC Mixes Containing Silica
Fume, Indian Concrete Journal, Vol. 75 (10), pp. 627 - 633.
37- Khayat, K.H., (1999). Workability, Testing and Performance of Self-Consolidating
Concrete, ACI Materials Jr., Vol. 96(3) 346-353.
38- Khayat, K.H., C. Hu, and H. Monty, (1999), Stability of Self-Consolidating Concrete,
Advantages, and Potential Applications. In Self Compacting Concrete : Proceedings of the
First International RILEM Symposium, A. Skarendahl, and O. Petersson, Eds. RILEM
Publications, Cachan Cedex, France, pp. 143-152.
39- Kuroiwa, S., Y. Matsuoka, M. Hayakawa, and T. Shindoh. (1993). Application of Super
Workable Concrete to Construction of a 20-Story Building. High Performance Concrete in
Severe Environments. Proceedings of the ACI Symposium on High Performance Concrete in
Severe Environments, Minneapolis, MN; Ed. by Paul Zia; American Concrete Institute, Detroit,
MI, pp 147-161. (ACI SP-140)
40- Leming, M. L., J. J. Schemmel, P. Zia, and S. H. Ahmad. (1993). High-Performance Concrete:
North Carolina Field Installation Results. Transportation Research Record, No. 1382, pp 7881.
41- Lessard, M., E. Dallaire, D. Blouin, and P-C. Aitcin. High Performance Concrete Speeds
Reconstruction for McDonald's . Concrete International, Sept, Vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 47-50.
42- Mak, S. L. and A. Lu. (1994). Engineering Properties of High-Performance Concrete
Containing Blast Furnace Slag Under 'In-Situ' Moisture and Temperature Conditions.
Proceedings of ACI International Conference, Singapore; Ed. by V.M. Malhotra; American
Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, pp 159-175. (ACI SP-149)
43- Mehta, P. K. and P-C. Aitcin. (1990). Principles Underlying Production of HighPerformance Concrete. Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, Winter, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp 70-78.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

44- Mindess S., (1994), Materials selection, proportioning and quality control, High
Performance Concrete: Properties and Applications, Ed. by Shah S.P. , Ahmad S.H. McGrawHill, p. 1-26
45- Moffat, A.B. and A.C. Price, (1978), The Rolled dry lean concrete gravity dam, Water Power
and Dam Construction, Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 35-42.
46- Mullick, A.K., (1998), Silica Fume in Concrete for Performance Enhancement, National
Seminar on Performance Enhancement of Cements and Concretes by Use of Fly Ash, Slag, Silica
Fume and Chemical Admixtures, New Delhi, Proc., pp. 25 - 44.
47- Mullick, A.K., (2005), High Performance Concrete in India Development, Practices and
Standardization, Journal, Indian Concrete Institute (ICI), Vol. 6 (2), pp. 7 14.
48- Nawa T, Izumi T, and Edamatsu Y., (1998), State-of -the-art report on materials and design
of self-compacting concrete. Proceedings of International Workshop on Self-compacting
Concrete. August; Kochi University of Technology, Japan. Pp160-190.
49- Neville, A. M., (1995), Properties of Concrete, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education Asia,
Essex, UK, 844 p.
50- Nishizaki, T., Kamada, F., Chikamatsu, R., and Kawashima, H., (1999), Application of HighStrength Self-Compacting Concrete to Prestressed Concrete Outer Tank for LNG Storage.
Proceedings of the First International Rilem Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete,
Stockholm, Sweden, 629-638.
51- Okamura H and Ozawa K., (1994), Self-compactable high performance concrete.
International Workshop on High Performance Concrete. American Concrete Institute;
Detroit. Pp.31-44.
52- Okamura, H., and K. Ozawa., (1995), Mix-Design for Self-Compacting Concrete. Concrete
Library of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, No. 25, pp. 107-120.
53- Okamura, H., and M. Ouchi., (1999), Self-Compacting Concrete: Development, Present Use
and Future. In Self Compacting Concrete: Proceedings of the First International RILEM
Symposium, A. Skarendahl, and O. Peterson, Eds. RILEM Publications, Cachan Cedex, France,
pp. 3-14.
54- Ouchi M, Hibino M, Ozawa K, and Okamura H., (1998), A rational mix-design method for
mortar in self-compacting concrete. Proceedings of Sixth South-East Asia Pacific Conference
of Structural Engineering and Construction. Taipei, Taiwan, pp1307-1312.
55- Ozawa, K., K. Maekawa, and H. Okamura, (1990). High Performance Concrete with High
Filling Capacity. Admixtures for Concrete: Improvement of Properties. Proceedings of the
International Symposium held by RILEM, May 14-17 1990, Barcelona, Spain; Ed. by E.
Vazquez; Chapman and Hall, London, pp 51-62.
56- Ozawa, K., K. Maekawa, M. Kunishima, and H. Okamura., (1989), Development of High
Performance Concrete Based on the Durability Design of Concrete Structures. In
Proceedings of the Second East-Asia and Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and
Construction (EASEC-2), Vol. 1, pp. 445-450, January.
57- Ozyildirim, C. and W. J. Halstead. (1994). Improved Concrete Quality with Combinations of
Fly Ash and Silica Fume. ACI Materials Journal, Nov-Dec, Vol. 91, No. 6, pp. 587-594.
58- Raphael, J.M., (1971), The optimum gravity dam, Rapid Construction of Concrete Dams,
American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 221-247.
59- Rahimi, H., (1988), Laboratory investigation on roller compacted concrete, Proc. 16th Int.
Congress, ICOLD, Vol.V, Sanfrancisco, USA.
60- Rahimi, H., 1990, Rollcrete, the new technology in dam construction, Construction Journal,
No. 22, pp. 26-29.
61- Richard, P., Cheyrezy, M., (1995), Composition of Reactive Powder Concretes, Cement and
Concrete Research, Vol. 25, No. 7.
62- Roux, N., Anreade, C., and Sanjuan, M.A., (1996), Experimental Study of Durability of
Reactive Powder Concretes, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, February.
63- Saini, S., Dhuri, S.S., Kanhere, D.K. and Momin, S.S., (2001), High Performance Concrete for
an Urban Viaduct in Mumbai, Indian Concrete Journal, Vol. 75 (10), pp. 634 -640.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

64- Santhanam, M. and Subramanian, S., (2004), Current Developments Selfcompacting


Concrete, Indian Concrete Journal, Vol. 78 (6), pp. 11 22.
65- Schemmel, J. J. and M. L. Leming. (1993). Use of High-Performance Concrete for Rapid
Highway Pavement Repairs: An Overview of Five Field Installations. Transportation Research
Record, No. 1382, pp 20-25.
66- Sedran, T., and F. de Larrard., (1999), Optimization of Self Compacting Concrete Thanks to
Packing Model. In Self Compacting Concrete: Proceedings of the First International RILEM 15
Symposium, A. Skarendahl, and O. Petersson, Eds. RILEM Publications, Cachan Cedex, France,
pp. 321-332.
67- Shah S., Ahmad S., (1994), High Performance Concrete: Properties and Applications,
McGraw-Hill.
68- Shi, C., Wu, Y., Shao Y. and Riefler, (2002). M., Comparison of two design approaches for
self-consolidation concrete, pp. 313-317 in 1st North American Conf. On the Design and Use of
Self-Consolidating Concrete, Eds. S.P. Shah, J.A.Daczko and J.N. Lingscheit, November12-13.
69- Shimizu, S.T. and S. Jojima, (1986), The development of R.C.D. method in Japan, Water
Power and Dam Construction, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 29-32.
70- Strategic Highway Research Program, (1991), High Performance Concretes: A State-of-theart Report, SHRP - C/FR - 91 - 103, NRC, Washington D.C., 233 p.
71- Su N, Hsu K-C and Chai H-W, (2001), A simple mix design method for self-compacting
concrete Cement and Concrete Research, 31, pp 1799-1807
72- Tanaka, K., K. Sato, S. Watanabe, I. Arima, and K. Suenaga. (1993). Development and
Utilization of High Performance Concrete for the Construction of the Akashi Kaikyo
Bridge. High Performance Concrete in Severe Environments. Proceedings of the ACI
Symposium on High Performance Concrete in Severe Environments, Minneapolis, MN; Ed. by
Paul Zia; American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, pp 25-37. (ACI SP-140)
73- Ushijima, S., Harada, K., and Taniguchi, H., (1995), Fundamental Study in the Practical Use
of High Performance Concrete. Concrete under Severe Conditions, E& FN SPON.
74- Vachhani, S. R., Chaudary, R. and Jha, S. M., (2004), Innovative Use of Self Compacting
Concrete in Metro , Construction, Journal, Indian Concrete Institute (ICI), Vol. 5 (3), pp.27
32.
75- Wallevik, O.H. and Nielsson, (1998), Self-compacting concrete- a rheological approach,
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Self-Compacting Concrete, Japan, 21 p.
76- Ye, Y., Bonen, D. and Shah, S.P., (2005), Fresh Properties and Segregation Resistance of
Self-Compacting Concrete, pp. 621-627 in 2ndt North American Confer. & 4th Intern. RILEM
Confer. On Self-Consolidating Concrete, Chicago.
77- Zia, P. Ahmad, and Michael Leming, (2006) , High-Performance Concretes, A State-of-Art
Report (1989-1994), Federal Highway Administration Report, FHWA-RD-97-030, USA.
78- Zia, P., M. L. Leming, and S. H. Ahmad, (1991). High-Performance Concretes: A State-ofthe-Art Report. SHRP-C/FR-91-103, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research
Council, Washington, D.C., xiii, 236 pp.
79- Zia, P., M. L. Leming, S. H. Ahmad, J. J. Schemmel, and R. P. Elliott. (1993a). Mechanical
Behavior of High Performance Concretes, Volume 2: Production of High Performance
Concrete. SHRP-C-362, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council,
Washington, D.C., 92 pp.
80- Zia, P., M. L. Leming, S. H. Ahmad, J. J. Schemmel, and R. P. Elliott. (1993b). Mechanical
Behavior of High Performance Concretes, Volume 3: Very Early Strength Concrete. SHRP-C363, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 116
pp.
81- Zia, P., M. L. Leming, S. H. Ahmad, J. J. Schemmel, and R. P. Elliott. (1993c). Mechanical
Behavior of High Performance Concretes, Volume 4: High Early Strength Concrete. SHRP-C364, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 179
pp.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

You might also like