Power Factor Measurement

Submitted to: Sir Daud Mustafa Submitted by: Sohaib Ammar (EE306030) Ali Hanif(EE307159)

High voltage coil power factor

Insulation system can be represented by either a parallel or a series arrangement of a resistor and capacitor. series circuit representation is given in Figure 1. The capacitor is formed by the high voltage coil with the copper and the outer ground electrode forming the two plates of the capacitor, separated by the groundwall insulation, which forms the dielectric of the capacitor.

The dielectric loss in the coil groundwall insulation is represented by a resistor in the series equivalent circuit.

The series equivalent circuit impedance vector .diagram is given in Figure 2. The phase angle Delta between the circuit applied voltage and the voltage dropped across the cell capacitance is the power factor or loss angle.

Angle Delta is small for low loss, and large for high loss. For small angles the power factor and dissipation factor are nearly the same Measuring the Delta angle is the method of determining the power factor of a stator coil. If the coil was a lossless capacitor without a resistive component, then the voltage drop across the resistor would be zero and angle Delta would be zero (Tan Delta O=O). As the value of series Rs increases, then a corresponding increase in Tan Delta also occurs.

From the vector diagram in Figure 2, the Tan Delta can be calculated using equation( 1). (1)Tan Delta=Rs/Xcs=Rs\( I/2IlfCs)= 2IlfRsCs For a perfect coil with no loss, Rs=O and angle Delta is equal to zero. If Tan Delta for a coil is measured, using equation (2), the effective loss component can be calculated. (2) Rs=(Tan Delta)\(2IlfCs)

Coil Power Factor Theory

Since dielectric loss in a stator coil is a power loss (It2Rs), the loss can be expressed in units of watts. There are two components of dielectric loss in a stator coil. Solid Loss and Ionization Loss. The sum of these two losses is the Total Dielectric Loss which is the loss measured on a coil when performing the power factor test.

The Ionization loss caused by gaseous inclusions (voids) in the coil insulation structure. These internal discharges can occur at many locations within the coil insulation structure. These internal discharges cause localized heating and represent a power loss equivalent to power dissipation in a resistor R.