The members suny suntoro risma devi sulistiyani nonny cahyani williatun nurdin

Click to edit Master subtitle style Translation and Culture

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DEFINITIONS
I define culture as the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression.

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CULTURAL CATEGORIES
1. Ecology Flora, fauna, winds, plains, hills: 'honeysuckle', 'downs', 'sirocco', *rundra\ pampas', abuleiros low plateau), 'plateau', selva tropical rain forest), 'savanna', paddy field* Material culture (artefacts)

2.

v. Food: 'zabaglione', 'sake', Kaiserschmarren v. Clothes: 'anorak', kanga (Africa), sarong (South Seas), dhoti (India) v. Houses and towns: kampong, bourg, bourgade 'chalet', 'low-rise', 'tower v. Transport: 'bike*, 'rickshaw', 'Moulton', cabriolet 'tilbury', calichet (3) Social culture work and leisure ajaki amah, condotttere, biwa, sithar, raga, 'reggae', 'rock'

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CULTURAL CATEGORIES
1. 2. Social culture-work and leisure ajaki amah, condotttere, biwa, sithar, raga, 'reggae', 'rock Organisations, customs, activities, procedures, concepts

v. Political and administrative v. Religious: dharma, karma? 'temple v. Artistic v. Gestures and habits: 'Cock a snook','spitting'

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GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
A few general considerations govern the translation of all cultural words. First, your ultimate\ consideration should be recognition of the cultural achievements referred to in the SL text, and respect for all foreign countries and their cultures.

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ECOLOGY
Geographical features can be normally distinguished from other cultural terms in that they are usually value-free, politically and commercially. Nevertheless, their diffusion depends on the importance of their country of origin as well as their degree of specificity.

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MATERIAL CULTURE
Food is for many the most sensitive and important expression of national culture; food terms are subject to the widest variety of translation procedures. Various settings: menus - straight, multilingual, glossed; cookbooks, food guides; tourist brochures; journalism increasingly contain foreign food terms.

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SOCIAL ORGANISATION - POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE

The political and social life of a country is reflected in its institutional terms. Where the title of a head of state ('President', 'Prime Minister', 'King) or the name of a parliament (Assembler Nationale? Camera dei Deputati or 'Senate') are 'transparent', that is, made up of 'international' or easily translated morphemes, they are thro ugh-translated ('National Assembly', 'Chamber of Deputies').

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GESTURES AND HABITS

For 'gestures and habits there is a distinction between description and function which can be made where necessary in ambiguous cases: thus, if people smile a little when someone dies, do a slow hand-clap to express warm appreciation, spit as a blessing, nod to dissent or shake their head to assent, kiss their finger tips to greet or to praise, give a thumbs-up to signal OK, all of which occur in some cultures and not in others.

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