French Revolution of 1830

The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, saw the overthrow of King Charles X of France. It marked the shift from one constitutional monarchy, the Bourbon Restoration, to another, the July Monarchy; the transition of power from the House of Bourbon to its cadet branch, the House of Orlans; and the substitution of the principle of popular sovereignty for hereditary right.

Background
On 16 September 1824, Louis XVIII died childless. Therefore his younger brother, Charles, aged 66, inherited the throne of France. On 27 September Charles X, made his state entry into Paris. Eight months later, the mood of the capital had sharply worsened in its opinion of the new king. The causes of this dramatic shift in public opinion were many, but the main two were:

The imposition of the death penalty for anyone disrespecting the Catholic Church. The provisions for financial indemnities for properties confiscated by the 1789 Revolution and the First Empire of Napoleon.

Critics of the first accused the king and his new ministry of pandering to the Catholic Church, and by so doing violating guarantees of equality of religious belief as specified in La Charte. The second matter, that of financial indemnities, was far more opportunistic than the first. This was because since the restoration of the monarchy, there had been demands from all groups to settle matters of property ownership; to reduce, if not eliminate, the uncertainties in the real estate market both in Paris and in France. But liberal opponents, many of whom were frustrated Bonapartists, began a whispering campaign that Charles X was only proposing this in order to shame those who had not emigrated. Both measures, they claimed, were nothing more than clever subterfuge meant to bring about the destruction of La Charte. On 18 March 1830, the liberal majority in the Chamber of Deputies made the motion of no confidence against the king and ministry. The following day, Charles dissolved parliament, and then alarmed Liberals by delaying elections for two months. In the elections Liberals won an overwhelming majority, thus defeating the government. This came after another event: on the grounds that it had behaved in an offensive manner towards the crown, on 30 April the king abruptly dissolved the National Guard of Paris, a voluntary group of citizens and an ever reliable link between the monarchy and the people. the only further measure needed to cause a revolution is censorship." That came in July 1830 when, on Sunday, 25 July Charles X signed the July Ordinances, also known as "The Ordinances of Saint-Cloud". Suspended the liberty of the press Appointed new, and reactionary, Conseillers d'Etat Dissolved the newly elected Chamber of Deputies Reduced the number of deputies in future Chambers Summoned new electoral colleges for September of that year Withdrew the Deputies' right of amendment Excluded the commercial bourgeoisie from future elections

On Monday 26 July, they were published in the leading conservative newspaper in Paris, Le Moniteur. On Tuesday 27 July, the revolution began and the end of the Bourbon monarchy. The revolution of July 1830 created a constitutional monarchy. Charles X abdicated rather than become a limited monarch and departed for Great Britain. In his place Louis Philippe of the House of Orlans was placed on the throne, and he agreed to rule as a constitutional monarch. This period became known as the July Monarchy.