GII QUYT TRANH CHP TRONG KINH DOANH QUC T

Ging vin: Trn Thanh Tm B mn Nghip v H Ngoi thng - CSII

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Lut thng mi Vit Nam 2005 2. Lut trng ti thng mi 2010 3. B lut t tng dn s 2004 4. Cng c NewYork 1958 5. Quy tc trng ti ca ICC 6. Quy tc t tng ca Trung tm trng ti quc t Vit Nam (VIAC) 2004 7. Alan Redfern, Martin Hunter (2004), Php lut v thc tin trng ti thng mi quc t 8. VCCI, DANIDA (2007), Cc quyt nh trng ti quc t chn lc, NXB T Php. 9. UNCTAD, VCCI (2003), Trng ti v cc phng thc gii quyt tranh chp la chn, NXB Geneva 10. VCCI, VIAC (2002), 50 phn quyt trng ti quc t chn lc 11. Hong Ngc Thit (2002), Tranh chp t hp ng xut nhp khu- n l trng ti v kinh nghim, NXB Chnh tr quc gia 2002

THNG LNG GIA CC BN

NI DUNG CHNH

HA GII QUA TRUNG GIAN

GII QUYT TRANH CHP TI TA N GII QUYT TRANH CHP TI TRNG TI THNG MI

TRANH CHP & PHNG THC GQTC TRONG KDQT

1. Tranh chp trong KDQT 2. Cc phng thc GQTC trong KDQT 3. Phng thc GQTC thng mi theo quy nh ca php lut VN

1. TRANH CHP TRONG KDQT

Tranh chp l nhng mu thun, nhng bt ng, nhng xung t gia cc bn v quyn li v ngha v Tranh chp trong KDQT l tt c cc tranh chp c yu t quc t pht sinh t hoc c lin quan n cc hot ng kinh doanh, thng mi gn lin vi doanh nghip

2. CC PHNG THC GQTC TRONG KDQT

Cc phng thc GQTC khng mang tnh ti phn Cc phng thc GQTC mang tnh ti phn

CC PHNG THC GQTC KHNG MANG TNH TI PHN

Khi nim c im Phn loi

CC PHNG THC GQTC KHNG MANG TNH TI PHN

c im: cao ch ca cc bn Ph thuc vo s thin ch ca cc bn Khng c c ch bo m thi hnh t pha Nh nc Khng loi b thm quyn gii quyt ca Ta n/ trng ti

CC PHNG THC GQTC KHNG MANG TNH TI PHN

PHN LOI: Thng lng ADR

ADR (Amicable Dispute Resolution)

ICC Rules of Optional Conciliation c hiu lc t 01/01/1988 ICC ADR Rules c hiu lc t 01/7/2001 + Trung gian ha gii (Mediation) + Tham vn trung gian (Neutral Evaluation) + T tng Mini (Mini-trial) + Kt hp cc phng thc trn

CC PHNG THC GQTC MANG TNH TI PHN

Khi nim c im Phn loi

CC PHNG THC GQTC MANG TNH TI PHN

c im: ch ca cc bn phi tun th theo quy nh ca php lut Quy trnh, th tc gii quyt tranh chp c lut ha C c ch bo m thi hnh phn quyt trong nc, thm ch c nc ngoi.

CC PHNG THC GQTC MANG TNH TI PHN

Phn loi: + Ta n (Litigation) + Trng ti (Arbitration)

PHNG THC GQTC THNG MI THEO QUY NH CA PHP LUT VN

Hnh thc gii quyt tranh chp: 1. Thng lng gia cc bn 2. Ha gii gia cc bn do mt c quan, t chc, c nhn c cc bn tha thun chn lm trung gian ha gii 3. Gii quyt tranh chp ti Trng ti hoc Ta n. Th tc G/Q T/C trong TM ti Trng ti, TA c tin hnh theo cc th tc t tng ca trng ti, TA do php lut quy nh ( iu 317 LTM 2005)

II. THNG LNG GIA CC BN ( NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES)

1. Khi qut chung 2. Cc trng hp khiu ni ph bin

1. KHI QUT CHUNG

1.1. Khi nim 1.2. u im v nhc im 1.3. Lu 1.4. Cc yu cu bo m khi i khiu ni

1. KHI NIM
Thng lng l vic gii quyt tranh chp pht sinh gia cc bn bng cch cc bn tranh chp trao i, m phn trc tip trn c s u tranh c nhn nhng, ch gia cc bn tranh chp vi nhau.

1. KHI NIM
Thng lng c th c tin hnh bng cch hai bn trc tip gp nhau m phn, tha thun hoc mt bn gi n khiu ni cho bn kia v bn kia tr li n khiu ni. Cc bn c th ch ng la chn mt trong hai cch trn thng lng vi nhau nhm gii quyt tranh chp pht sinh

1.2. U IM V NHC IM
u im Nhc im

1.3. MT S LU
Tranh chp thng mi trc ht phi c gii quyt thng qua thng lng gia cc bn (Khon 1). Trong trng hp thng lng khng t kt qu th tranh chp thng mi c gii quyt ti trng ti hoc ta n (Khon 3). ( IU 297 LTM VN 1997) THNG LNG L BT BUC

1.3. MT S LU

LTM 2005: Thng lng l khng bt buc, ch bt buc khi hp ng quy nh.

V D
Mi tranh chp pht sinh t hoc lin quan n hp ng ny phi c gii quyt hu ngh gia cc bn (bng con ng thng lng gia cc bn) trc khi a ra gii quyt ti ta n. Mi tranh chp pht sinh t hp ng ny nu khng c gii quyt hu ngh gia cc bn th s c a ra ta n ni B n c tr

V D
Nu cc bn khng tin hnh thng lng m a n kin trc tip ra Trng ti/ Ta n th Trng ti/ Ta n c th l n kin khng v nu th l n kin th khi xt x c bc yu cu n kin khng?

1.4. CC YU CU CN M BO KHI KHIU NI Xc nh ng bn b khiu ni Bo m thi hn khiu ni C h s khiu ni C ngh thut khiu ni

1.4.1. XC NH NG BN B KHIU NI
- DN Vit Nam A k H nhp khu 1000 MT bt m (+/- 5%) vi mt Cty Php B theo iu kin CIF cng HP Incoterms 2000. - Ngi chuyn ch C - Cng ty bo him D - A nhn hng, pht hin hng b h hng, nhiu bao bt m b t, c bao b rch, bt m ri ra ngoi, c bao bt m b cng, vn cc v c du hiu hng b thiu. A phi lm g?

1.4.1. XC NH NG BN B KHIU NI
V d 1: - Lp ROROC: chng nhn s lng hng l 800MT - Lp COR: chng nhn 100 bao rch, 50 bao t, 100 bao b cng, vn cc - Lp BBG tn tht thc t theo COR, xc nhn: + 50 bao t b tn tht ton b + 100 bao rch ng li c 50 bao + 100 bao cng, vn cc ng li c 50 bao

1.4.1. XC NH NG BN B KHIU NI
V d 1: Cc tn tht: - Thiu 200MT - Hng h hng, tn tht: 150 bao, tng ng 7,5MT - Chi ph G: 300 USD A khiu ni ai i bi thng cc tn tht trn?

1.4.2. BO M THI HN KHIU NI

Khi nim: L khong thi gian c quy nh cc bn tin hnh khiu ni Phn loi: + Thi hn khiu ni do hp ng quy nh + Thi hn khiu ni do Lut quy nh

THI HN KHIU NI THEO HP NG

Cn c vo tnh cht hng ha Cn c vo v tr trong H Cn c vo khong cch xa gn ca cc bn Cn c vo phng tin truyn tin

THI HN KHIU NI THEO LUT NH

L thi hn khiu ni do php lut quy nh, cc bn phi tun th, khng c quyn thay i tr khi php lut cho php Ch : - Thi hn khiu ni theo lut ch c p dng nu cc bn khng quy nh thi hn ny trong hp ng - Thi hn khiu ni theo lut thng ph thuc lut p dng cho hp ng (iu 318 LTM 2005; iu 39 CISG 1980)

IU 318 LTM VN 2005

Thi hn khiu ni do cc bn tha thun trong hp ng, nu cc bn khng c tha thun v thi hn khiu ni trong hp ng th thi hn khiu ni c quy nh nh sau: - 3 thng k t ngy GH KN v SL - 6 thng k t ngy GH KN v CL. Trong trng hp hng c bo hnh: 3 thng, k t ngy ht thi hn bo hnh. - 9 thng k t ngy bn VP phi hon thnh ngha v theo H i vi KN v cc loi vi phm khc. Trong T/H hng c bo hnh: 9 thng k t ngy ht thi hn bo hnh - 14 ngy k t ngy thng nhn KD DV logistics giao hng cho ngi nhn ( trong T/H thng nhn kinh doanh dch v logistics)

1.4.3. C H S KHIU NI
1. N KHIU NI 2. CC CHNG T KM THEO LM BNG CHNG

N KHIU NI
Hnh thc: Bng vn bn Ni dung: 1. Tn, a ch cc bn 2. S hiu H 3. S lng hng ha b tn tht hoc ngha v b vi phm 4. M t tnh trng tn tht ca hng ha hoc mc vi phm cc ngha v c lin quan 5. Yu cu ca bn khiu ni i vi bn b khiu ni

CC CHNG T KM THEO LM BNG CHNG

Hp ng Lut p dng cho hp ng B/L ROROC (Report on receipt of cargo) CSC (Certificate of shortlanded cargo) COR (cargo outturn report) v BBG thc t theo COR L/R (Letter of reservation) v BBG tn tht thc t theo L/R Certificate of quality, survey report .

CC CHNG T KM THEO LM BNG CHNG

Bin bn gim nh hm tu Bo co s c Nht k hng hi ( Log Book) Khng ngh hng hi (Sea Protest) Bn tuyn b tn tht chung v bn k chi tit ng gp tn tht chung Tt c cc ha n, chng t thanh ton chng minh cc chi ph pht sinh

1.4.4. NGH THUT KHIU NI

Kin tr Mm do Thin ch

2. CC TRNG HP KHIU NI PH BIN

KHIU NI NGI BN KHIU NI NGI CHUYN CH HNG HA XNK BNG NG BIN KHIU NI NGI BO HIM

2.1. KHIU NI NGI BN

NGI BN KHNG GIAO HNG NGI BN GIAO HNG CHM NGI BN GIAO HNG KM PHM CHT NGI BN GIAO HNG THIU, KHNG NG B NGI BN GIAO HNG TRONG IU KIN BAO B B RCH V

KHIU NI NGI BN KHNG GIAO HNG

H s khiu ni Cch gii quyt khiu ni

KHIU NI NGI BN GIAO HNG CHM

H s khiu ni n khiu ni, hp ng, chng t xc nhn ngy thc t giao hng Cch gii quyt khiu ni + Pht + Buc bi thng thit hi C trng hp no ngi bn chm giao hng v ngi mua yu cu hy hp ng khng?

KHIU NI NGI BN GIAO HNG THIU

H s khiu ni

Cch gii quyt khiu ni

TRNG HP C BIT CA GIAO HNG THIU

Nhp 5 containers nguyn ai kp ch. M 1 container cho Hi quan kim ha hng tnh thu th pht hin hng thiu Nhp bt m, nhn s bao bt m nhng trng lng mi bao ch 4648kg thay v 50kg Cch gii quyt?

KHIU NI NGI BN GIAO HNG KM PHM CHT

H s khiu ni n khiu ni, hp ng, bin bn gim nh phm cht. Cch gii quyt khiu ni + Buc thc hin hp ng + Pht + Buc bi thng thit hi + Hy hp ng

2.2. KHIU NI NGI CHUYN CH HNG HA XNK BNG NG BIN

Nguyn tc suy on trch nhim Cc trng hp khiu ni ph bin Thi hn khiu ni

NGUYN TC SUY ON TRCH NHIM

Gm 2 ni dung: + Ti cng i: - NCC cp B/L sch NCC b suy on chu trch nhim v h hng tn tht r rt ca hng ha (tnh trng bn ngoi) trong qu trnh vn chuyn - NCC cp B/L khng sch NCC c hng suy on min trch v tn tht hng ha do nhng nguyn nhn ghi trn B/L

NGUYN TC SUY ON TRCH NHIM

Gm 2 ni dung: + Ti cng n: - Khi nhn hng, ngi nhn hng khng c thng bo v tn tht hng ha NCC c hng suy on l hon thnh ngha v chuyn ch theo hp ng - Ngi chuyn ch b suy on l phi chu trch nhim khi cng ngi nhn hng k vo cc bin bn i tch ROROC, COR, L/R

H S KHIU NI NGI CHUYN CH

Hp ng chuyn ch B/L Cc bin bn i tch: ROROC, COR, L/R, BBG hm tu, BBG tn tht thc t theo COR, theo L/R

CC TRNG HP KHIU NI PH BIN

NCC a tu n cng bc hng chm Cn c: Hp ng, NOR NCC giao hng thiu trn c s B/L Cn c: B/L v ROROC, CSC NCC a hng n cng d chm Cn c: B/L hoc HCC, lch trnh ca tu Cng c Brussels: Khng quy nh Cng c Hamburg: 5, BLHHVN: 78.3, 96 NCC giao hng km phm cht

CC TRNG HP KHIU NI PH BIN

Chng minh NCC giao hng thiu cn c chng t g? A. B/L sch, CSC B. B/L, L/R C. B/L, COR D. B/L H s khiu ni NCC giao hng thiu: A. B/L, L/R, n khiu ni B. ROROC, L/R C. CSC, L/C, n khiu ni D. COR, L/R

CC TRNG HP KHIU NI PH BIN

Chng minh NCC giao hng CHM cn c chng t g? A. B/L, COR B. B/L, CSC C. B/L, ROROC D. B/L. L/R

THI HN KHIU NI
Lut hng hi cc quc gia v cc cng c quc t khng quy nh thi hn khiu ni ngi chuyn ch m ch quy nh thi hiu t tng
Phi khiu ni trong thi hiu t tng

THI HN KHIU NI
Hp ng thu tu chuyn: Cc bn c th tha thun hoc do Lut quc gia iu chnh H quy nh 118 BLHHVN 2005 Hp ng thu tu ch: Cng c Brussel 1924: Khon 6, iu 3 Cng c Hamburg: Khon 1, iu 20 BLHHVN 2005: iu 97

2.3. KHIU NI NGI BO HIM

Cn c khiu ni H s khiu ni Thi hn khiu ni Nhng im cn lu khi khiu ni cng ty bo him

Cng ty X (VN) k H mua bng ca cng ty Y ( Sudan). Tn hng: Bng xp loi 1, cp 4. S lng: 6000MT Thi hn giao hng: T thng 9-11 nm 2001 theo iu kin CIF HP Incoterms 2000. Khiu ni: Mi khiu ni ch c gi tr trong vng 90 ngy, sau khi d hng, i vi khuyt tt khng r rt v 30 ngy, i vi khuyt tt r rt. + 23/1/02, hng c giao cho ngi mua ( cng ty X). Trong qu trnh giao nhn, cng ty X pht hin CL hng khng tt nn xc tin ngay cc vic cn thit. C th: + 20/2/02: Cng ty X in cho cng ty Y bit bng c nhiu tp cht + 1/3/02: Cng ty X gi th: Bng c nhiu tp cht, c parafine, nh hng ln n qu trnh sn xut ca chng ti, xin bo co s b. + 13/3/02: Cng ty X gi th thc gic cng ty Y gii quyt ngay vn ny. + 8/5/02, cng ty X yu cu cng ty Y bi thng 732250USD gm: + Gim gi: 599125 USD + Mt v tp cht: 133125 USD Cng ty X c i c bi thng nh nu hay khng?

HA GII QUA TRUNG GIAN (CONCILIATION)

1. Khi nim: L phng thc gii quyt tranh chp gia cc bn thng qua ngi th ba gi l ha gii vin.

HA GII QUA TRUNG GIAN (CONCILIATION)

2. c im: Khng phi l th tc bt buc Khng lm phng hi n quyn i kin ca cc bn Quy trnh ha gii c t chc kn Ha gii vin khng c quyn xt x m ch ng vai tr trung gian khuyn gii v gip hai bn tm ra gii php Bin bn ha gii thnh khng c tnh cng ch

HA GII QUA TRUNG GIAN (CONCILIATION)

3. Phn loi: Ha gii quy ch Ha gii v vic

HA GII QUA TRUNG GIAN (CONCILIATION)

Ha gii v vic: L loi ha gii trong vic t chc v gim st qu trnh ha gii do cc bn t quy nh, khng c s tr gip ca bt k t chc no. V d: QTHG ca UNCITRAL nm 1980

HA GII QUA TRUNG GIAN (CONCILIATION)

Ha gii quy ch: L loi ha gii trong vic t chc v gim st ha gii do mt t chc, hoc mt trung tm chuyn nghip gim st t tng trng ti tin hnh. Tin trnh ha gii thng tun theo cc quy tc t tng do t chc trng ti a ra: - ICC ADR Rules 2001 (Thay th Quy tc Ha gii la chn 1988 ca ICC) - QTHG ca VIAC (10/9/2007)

MC U TIN LA CHN PHNG THC GQTC TI VN

60
50 40 30 20 10 0 Thng lng Ha gii Kin ra Ta C nhn, t chc kinh doanh Trng ti thng mi

GII QUYT TRANH CHP BNG TRNG TI & TA N

1. H s i kin 2. Thi kiu khi kin 3. Lut p dng gii quyt tranh chp

H S I KIN
1. n kin 2. Chng t km theo lm bng chng

N KIN
Hnh thc: Bng vn bn Ni dung: Theo lut t tng nc ta n, hoc quy tc t tng ca trng ti. Nhng nhn chung, n kin phi gm cc ni dung nh: tn, a ch ca ta n, trng ti; tn, a ch cc bn; ni dung v kin; cn c php l; tr gi v kin; yu cu ca nguyn n. Ty theo lut t tng ca tng nc hoc quy tc t tng ca tng Trung tm trng ti m c nhng quy nh c th, chi tit trong n kin.

2. THI HIU KHI KIN

Khi nim: L mt ch nh php l quy nh rng, nu trong mt thi hn nht nh, ngi c quyn li b vi phm khng yu cu c quan xt x gii quyt tranh chp bo v li ch hp php ca mnh th s mt i quyn c kin

2. THI HIU KHI KIN

c im: - Do php lut quy nh, cc bn cn tun th - B l thi hiu khi kin: + TA (TT) c quyn bc n kin, khng x + B n c quyn yu cu TA bc n kin + Nguyn n kh bo v quyn li ca mnh - Lut php cc nc khc nhau quy nh khng ging nhau v THKK

LUT THNG MI 2005

Thi hiu khi kin i vi cc tranh chp thng mi l 2 nm, k t thi im quyn v ngha v cc bn b xm phm ( . 319). Ring i vi cc dch v kin lin quan n kinh doanh dch v Logistics, thi hiu khi kin l 9 thng k t ngy giao hng ( . 237, K.1, Mc e)

3. LUT P DNG GII QUYT TRANH CHP

Lut hnh thc (lut t tng): Quy nh qu trnh t tng, th tc xt x (l ph, a im xt x, ngn ng xt x, s hin din ca cc bn) V d: B lut t tng dn s Vit Nam 2004; Quy tc t tng ca VIAC, Lut ni dung (lut thc cht hay lut p dng): Quy nh quyn, ngha v, trch nhim ca cc bn, gii quyt ni dung ca v vic tranh chp.

GII QUYT TRANH CHP TI TA N

1. Thm quyn xt x 2. c im, li th v bt li ca vic gii quyt tranh chp bng Ta n 3. Gii quyt tranh chp trong ngoi thng ti Ta Kinh t Vit Nam

THM QUYN XT X
- Khng c thm quyn ng nhin - Ta n quc gia s c thm quyn gii quyt tranh chp khi: + Cc bn tho thun bng mt iu khon trong H (iu khon gii quyt tranh chp) + Sau khi tranh chp pht sinh, cc bn tho thun bng vn bn la chn mt To n c th gii quyt v tranh chp. + iu c quc t c lin quan quy nh hay theo thng l quc t thng l ta ni ng tr s kinh doanh chnh ca b n hoc nu tranh chp c lin quan n bt ng sn th l ta ni c bt ng sn.

C IM, LI TH, BT LI
- Xt x To n thng thng qua hai cp: s thm v phc thm - Qu trnh xt x l cng khai - To n ca nc no thng mang quan im chnh tr, ng li, chnh sch ca Nh nc - Phn quyt c tnh cng ch mnh

3. GII QUYT TRANH CHP NGOI THNG TI TA KINH T VN

H thng ta n Thm quyn xt x Th tc xt x

H THNG TA N
iu 2 Lut t chc TAND nm 2002, nc ta c cc to sau: - TAND - Cc TA qun s - Cc TA khc do lut quy nh (cn thit QH c th quyt nh thnh lp TA c bit)

TA N NHN DN
- Ta n nhn dn ti cao - Ta n nhn dn cp tnh - Ta n nhn dn cp huyn

THM QUYN XT X
Thm quyn theo cp (iu 33 v 34 BLTTDS) Thm quyn theo lnh th (iu 35) Thm quyn theo s la chn ca nguyn n, ngi yu cu Thm quyn ca TA trong vic gii quyt cc v vic dn s c yu t nc ngoi (405 BLTTDS)

THM QUYN XT X
Tranh chp trong kinh doanh gia DN VN v DN NN s c gii quyt ti TA cp tnh hay cp huyn ? Khon 3, iu 33, BLTTDS 2004

TA N NHN DN CP HUYN
Tranh chp pht sinh trong hot ng kinh doanh, thng mi gia c nhn, t chc c ng k kinh doanh vi nhau v u c mc ch li nhun bao gm: Mua bn hng ho; Cung ng dch v; Phn phi; i din, i l; K gi; Thu, cho thu, thu mua; Xy dng; T vn, k thut; Vn chuyn hng ho, hnh khch bng ng st, ng b, ng thu ni a

TA N NHN DN CP TNH
Vn chuyn hng ho, hnh khch bng ng hng khng, ng bin; Mua bn c phiu, tri phiu v giy t c gi khc; u t, ti chnh, ngn hng; Bo him; Thm d, khai thc. Tranh chp v quyn s hu tr tu, chuyn giao cng ngh gia c nhn, t chc vi nhau v u c mc ch li nhun. Tranh chp gia cng ty vi cc thnh vin ca cng ty, gia cc thnh vin ca cng ty vi nhau lin quan n vic thnh lp, hot ng, gii th, sp nhp, hp nht, chia, tch, chuyn i hnh thc t chc ca cng ty. Cc tranh chp khc v kinh doanh, thng mi m php lut c quy nh.

2.5. Cng ch thi hnh bn n

Trong nc: + Ti c quan thi hnh n + Cc bin php cng ch: k bin, sai p, tch thu ti sn nc ngoi: + Nu gia hai quc gia c hip nh v tng tr t php? + Nu gia hai quc gia cha c hip nh tng tr t php?

CC NC K HIP NH TNG TR T PHP VI VIT NAM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ba Lan Blart Bungari CH Sc CH Slvakia CHDCND Triu Tin Cu Ba Hn Quc Tng cng: 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hungari Lo Mng C Nga Php Trung Quc Ucraina

15 quc gia

79

GII QUYT TRANH CHP QUA TRNG TI THNG MI

c im Phn loi trng ti Thm quyn xt x Mt s lu khi gii quyt tranh chp ti VIAC

U IM
Xt x kn, khng cng khai Xt x mt cp, phn quyt ca trng ti l chung thm, hai bn khng chng n c. Quy trnh, th tc xt x nhanh, n gin. Cc trng ti vin thng l cc chuyn gia kinh t u ngnh, c kinh nghim v chuyn mn su v cc lnh vc trong hot ng kinh t i ngoi

TA N HAY TRNG TI?

Tiu ch
Tnh chung thm Nng lc chuyn mn v TMQT Tnh linh hot

Ta n
Quyt nh ca Ta n thng b khng co Thm phn khng phi lc no cng nm c chuyn mn v TMQT Thp, cc bn khng c quyn la chn thm phn

Trng ti
Quyt nh ca trng ti l chung thm Trng ti vin thng l cc chuyn gia am hiu chuyn mn v PLTMQT Cao, cc bn c la chn trng ti vin Nhanh chng Xt x kn
82

Thi gian C th b ko di xt x Tnh b mt Xt x cng khai

TA N HAY TRNG TI

Tiu ch

Ta n

Trng ti
Quyt nh ca trng ti c cng ch thi hnh thng qua Ta n

Tnh Bn n ca Ta n c cng ch bo m cng ch

S cng Kh (thng qua cc Hip nhn quc nh tng tr t php t song phng hay a phng) Tnh trung Ta n c th b chi phi lp bi yu t chnh tr Ph tn n ph thp

Kh nng cng nhn quc t cao nh C New York 1958 (132 thnh vin) Hon ton trung lp
Ph trng ti cao: 1 v kin 1 triu USD do 1 TTV xt x tn khong 54.000 USD
83

PHN LOI TRNG TI THNG MI

- Trng ti Ad-hoc - Trng ti quy ch

TRNG TI AD - HOC
Khi nim: L t chc trng ti khng c thnh lp thng xuyn m ch c thnh lp gii quyt mt v vic c th. Khi gii quyt xong, s t gii th. c im: + Khng tn ti thng xuyn + Khng c tr s c nh, khng c iu l v quy tc t tng ring. Xt x linh hot

TRNG TI QUY CH
Khi nim: L t chc x hi ngh nghip c thnh lp gii quyt cc tranh chp trong thng mi c im: + Tn ti thng xuyn, + C tr s c nh, c iu l hot ng v quy tc t tng ring ca mnh.

TRNG TI QUY CH
ICC International Court of Arbitration (LCIA) www.iccwbo.org/court/arbitration Singapore International Arbitration Centre Website: www.siac.org.sg Japan Commercial Arbitration Association Website: www.jcaa.or.jp China International Economic and Trade Arbitration

TRNG TI QUY CH
Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) Website: www.hkiac.org American Arbitration Association Website: www.adr.org Thai Arbitration Institute ( Ministry of Justice)

CC TRUNG TM TRNG TI THNG MI TI VIT NAM

1. Trung tm Trng ti Quc t Vit Nam bn cnh Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam (VIAC) Tng 6, S 9 o Duy Anh, ng a, HN 2. Trung tm trng ti thng mi H Ni S 21, Ng 121 L Thanh Ngh, Hai B Trng, HN 3. Trung tm Trng ti Thng mi Chu (ACIAC) S 37 L Hng Phong, Ba nh, HN 4. Trung tm Trng ti Vin ng S 40 Lin Tr, Hon Kim, H Ni

CC TRUNG TM TRNG TI THNG MI TI VIT NAM

5. Trung tm Trng ti Thng mi TP H Ch Minh (TRACENT) S 460 Cch Mng Thng 8, phng 4, qun Tn Bnh, TP.HCM 6. Trung tm Trng ti Thng mi Quc t Thi Bnh Dng (PIAC) 115 Nguyn Hu, qun 1, TP. HCM 7. Trung tm Trng ti Thng mi Cn Th 116 Nguyn An Ninh, P. Tn An, Ninh Kiu, TP. Cn Th.

S V GII QUYT TRANH CHP TI CC TRUNG TM TRNG TI

MC U TIN LA CHN PHNG THC GQTC TI VN

60
50 40 30 20 10 0 Thng lng Ha gii Kin ra Ta C nhn, t chc kinh doanh Trng ti thng mi

TRNG TI VS TA N
Ta kinh t TAND TP HCM: 1000 - 1100 v/ nm VIAC 2008: 58 v

1 Thm phn:

1 TTV:

50 v / 0,25 v/ nm nm

TRNH T T TNG TRNG TI TI VIAC

Bc 1: a n kin, ch nh TTV v np ph TT Bc 2: TTTT kim tra s b v vn thm quyn, th l n kin v gi thng bo cho b n Bc 3: B n np bn T bo v v ch nh TTV Bc 4: Thnh lp Hi ng TT Bc 5: Hi ng TT xem xt gii quyt v tranh chp Bc 6: Triu tp hp Bc 7: Cng b quyt nh TT

THM QUYN XT X
iu 2 Lut Trng ti thng mi 2010 Thm quyn gii quyt cc tranh chp ca Trng ti: a. Tranh chp gia cc bn pht sinh t hot ng thng mi; b. Tranh chp pht sinh gia cc bn trong t nht mt bn c hot ng thng mi; c. Tranh chp khc gia cc bn m php lut quy nh c gii quyt bng Trng ti. So snh vi PLTTTM 2003

IU KIN GII QUYT TRANH CHP BNG TRNG TI

Lu : TT khng c thm quyn xt x ng nhin iu kin: Tranh chp c gii quyt bng Trng ti nu cc bn c:

Tho thun trng ti

THA THUN TRNG TI

Khi nim L s tho thun gia cc bn cam kt gii quyt bng trng ti cc v tranh chp c th pht sinh hoc pht sinh trong hot ng thng mi. Cch thit lp Tha thun TT + 1 iu khon trong hp ng thng mi ( Arbitration agreement in writing) + 1 tha thun trng ti ring bit ( pre-dispute Arbitration agreement)

THA THUN TRNG TI

Hnh thc: Bng vn bn hoc tng ng vn bn + iu 2 Cng c New York 1958 + iu 9 Php lnh TTTM 2003 + iu 16 Lut TTTM 2010

IU 16 LUT TTTM 2010

- Tho thun c xc lp qua trao i gia cc bn bng telegram, fax, telex, th in t v cc hnh thc khc theo quy nh ca php lut; - Tha thun c xc lp thng qua trao i thng tin bng vn bn gia cc bn; - Tha thun c lut s, cng chng vin hoc t chc c thm quyn ghi chp li bng vn bn theo yu cu ca cc bn; - Trong giao dch cc bn c dn chiu n mt vn bn c th hin tha thun trng ti nh hp ng, chng t, iu l cng ty v nhng ti liu tng t khc; - Qua trao i v n kin v bn t bo v m trong th hin s tn ti ca tho thun do mt bn a ra v bn kia khng ph nhn.

THA THUN TRNG TI

(?) Tha thun TT c c lp vi Hp ng hay khng? Trng hp hp ng b v hiu, hoc hy b, thay i, gia hn hp ng c lm mt hiu lc ca tha thun trng ti? (iu 19 Lut TTTM 2010) (?) Trong trng hp cc bn tranh chp c tho thun trng ti m mt bn khi kin ti To n th To n c c quyn th l n kin hay khng? (iu 6 Lut TTTM 2010)

THA THUN TRNG TI V HIU

Php lnh TTTM 2003 (iu 10): 6 trng hp Lut TTTM 2010 (iu 18): 5 trng hp

PHP LNH TTTM 2003- IU 10

Tha thun trng ti v hiu trong nhng trng hp sau y: 1. Tranh chp pht sinh khng thuc hot ng thng mi c quy
2. 3. 4. nh ti khon 3 iu 2 ca Php lnh ny; Ngi k tho thun trng ti khng c thm quyn k kt theo quy nh ca php lut; Mt bn k kt tho thun trng ti khng c nng lc hnh vi dn s y ; Tho thun trng ti khng quy nh hoc quy nh khng r i tng tranh chp, t chc trng ti c thm quyn gii quyt v tranh chp m sau cc bn khng c tho thun b sung; Tho thun trng ti khng c lp theo quy nh ti iu 9 ca Php lnh ny; Bn k kt TTTT b la di v c yu cu tuyn b TTTT v hiu trong thi hn 6 thng k t ngy k TTTT v trc ngy HTT m phin hp u tin.

5.
6.

TNH HUNG THC T

1. Tranh chp gia ngi bn mt hng ca H Lan vi ngi mua mt cng ty ca Vit Nam Mi tranh chp pht sinh t hp ng ny phi c gii quyt mt cch hu ngh gia 2 bn, nu bt thnh th s c gii quyt bi Trng ti ca Phng TM VN. Nu cc bn khng tn thnh quyt nh ca TT th c th a ra Ta n ni b n Anh(ch) hiu nh th no v iu khon ny? Hy lp lun cho quan im ca mnh iu khon trn c phi l tha thun trng ti khng?

TNH HUNG THC T

2. Tranh chp gia nguyn n ngi bn Vit Nam v b n ngi mua Hn Quc: Mi tranh chp pht sinh s c gii quyt bng Trng ti ti Vit Nam a) Anh ch hiu nh th no v iu khon ny? b) Tha thun trng ti c b xem l v hiu theo quy nh ti iu 18 ca Lut TTTM 2010?

TNH HUNG THC T

3. Tranh chp gia cng ty Woolim (HQ) v chi nhnh Hanafood (VN): Tranh chp s c gii quyt bi Trung tm Trng ti quc t Vit Nam ti thnh ph H Ch Minh

TNH HUNG THC T

4. Cng ty i Hng v cng ty Zest Trong trng hp sau khi ht hn mt thng, hai bn khng i n tha hip, vic tranh ci s c a ra Ta n trng ti thng mi quc t ti Phng thng mi v cng nghip Vit Nam theo trnh t ca Ta, phn quyt ca Ta l chung cuc v bt buc cho c hai bn Ch ra 3 li sai c bn?

TNH HUNG THC T

5. Trong trng hp pht sinh tranh chp, hai bn s gii quyt theo tinh thn hp tc, nu khng gii quyt c tranh chp s do Trng ti kinh t thnh ph H Ch Minh phn quyt theo lut hin hnh 6. Nu hai bn khng dn xp tranh chp s do Trung tm Trng ti quc t Vit Nam bn cnh Phng thng mi v cng nghip Vit Nam 33 ph B Triu H Ni gii quyt

MODEL ARBITRATION CLAUSE Of the Vietnam International Arbitration Centre At the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry All disputes arising out of or in relation to this contract shall be finally settled by the Vietnam International Arbitration Centre at the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry in accordance with its Rules of Arbitration. Additionally, the parties may add the following provisions to the arbitration clause: (a) The number of arbitrators shall be ......... (one or three); (b) The place of the arbitration shall be ......... ; As to disputes involving a foreign element, the parties may also make addtions: (c) The applicable law shall be ......... ; (d) The language of the arbitration shall be ......... .

P DNG BIN PHP KHN CP TM THI

Mc ch: Tm thi gii quyt yu cu cp bch ca cc bn ng s, bo v chng c, bo ton tnh trng hin c, nhm bo v quyn v li ch hp php ca cc bn. Bn yu cu: Cc bn tranh chp Bn c yu cu: + Ta n c thm quyn (BLTTDS 2004, iu 94 iu 102) + Hi ng trng ti ( Lut TTTM 2010, iu 50) Th tc p dng: iu 102 BLTTDS, iu 33, 34 Php lnh TTTM 2003, iu 49 Lut TTTM 2010

BIN PHP KHN CP TM THI

a) Cm thay i hin trng ti sn ang tranh chp; b) Cm hoc buc bt k bn tranh chp no thc hin mt hoc mt s hnh vi nht nh nhm ngn nga cc hnh vi nh hng bt li n qu trnh t tng trng ti; c) K bin ti sn ang tranh chp; d) Yu cu bo tn, ct tr, bn hoc nh ot bt k ti sn no ca mt hoc cc bn tranh chp; ) Yu cu tm thi v vic tr tin gia cc bn; e) Cm chuyn dch quyn v ti sn i vi ti sn ang tranh chp. IU 49 KHON 2 LUT TTTM 2010

HY QUYT NH TRNG TI
Thi hn yu cu: 30 ngy k t ngy nhn c phn quyt trng ti Cn c Ta n hy quyt nh TT + iu 50 Php lnh TTTM 2003 + iu 68 Lut TTTM 2010

HY QUYT NH TRNG TI
TA ch hu quyt nh ca trng ti mt trong cc TH sau:
a) Khng c tho thun trng ti hoc tha thun trng ti v hiu; b) Thnh phn Hi ng trng ti, th tc t tng trng ti khng ph hp vi tho thun ca cc bn hoc tri vi cc quy nh ca Lut ny; c) V tranh chp khng thuc thm quyn ca Hi ng trng ti; trng hp phn quyt trng ti c ni dung khng thuc thm quyn ca Hi ng trng ti th ni dung b hu; d) Chng c do cc bn cung cp m Hi ng trng ti cn c vo ra phn quyt l gi mo; Trng ti vin nhn tin, ti sn hoc li ch vt cht khc ca mt bn tranh chp lm nh hng n tnh khch quan, cng bng ca phn quyt trng ti; ) Phn quyt trng ti tri vi cc nguyn tc c bn ca php lut Vit Nam. ( iu 68.2 Lut Trng ti thng mi 2010)

HY QUYT NH TRNG TI
S liu th l v gii quyt yu cu hy phn quyt trng ti ti TAND TPHCM t 01/7/2003 n 30/7/2010 Tng s n yu cu c th l: 24 S n khng c chp nhn: 11 S n c chp nhn: 2 S n c nh ch gii quyt: 2 S n ang gii quyt: 9

THI HNH PHN QUYT TRNG TI

Sau thi hn 30 ngy, k t ngy ht thi hn thi hnh quyt nh trng ti, nu mt bn khng t nguyn thi hnh, cng khng c yu cu hy quyt nh Trng ti, th bn c thi hnh c quyn lm n yu cu C quan Thi hnh n cp tnh ni c tr s ca bn phi thi hnh, thi hnh quyt nh trng ti.

CNG NHN V CHO THI HNH PHN QUYT TRNG TI NC NGOI

Bn yu cu phi gi n Ta n ni phn quyt trng ti phi c thi hnh nhng ti liu sau: + n yu cu cng nhn v thi hnh phn quyt trng ti + Bn phn quyt trng ti gc hoc bn sao c chng thc + Hip ngh trng ti gc hoc bn sao hp l (phn quyt v hip ngh phi c dch sang th ting chnh thc ca quc gia ni phn quyt s c thi hnh, cc bn dch phi c chng thc).

T CHI CNG NHN V THI HNH THEO CNG C NEW YORK 1958
5 trng hp t chi cng nhn v thi hnh phn quyt: - Hip ngh trng ti khng hp l: Cc bn k hip ngh trng ti khng c nng lc hnh vi, hay hnh thc ca hip ngh khng ph hp. - Khi bn phi thi hnh phn quyt khng c thng bo mt cch hp l v vic ch nh trng ti vin hay v th tc xt x v khng c c hi trnh by bo v quyn li ca mnh trc trng ti. - Tranh chp khng thuc phm vi ca tha thun trng ti hay khng thuc thm quyn gii quyt ca Trng ti. - Thnh phn trng ti xt x hay th tc xt x khng ph hp vi tho thun trng ti. - Phn quyt cha c hiu lc i vi cc bn ng s (cha c thi hnh ti nc ca trng ti).

Thank You
__________

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