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com HNG DN GII BI TP THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2011 Mn thi : SINH HC M 357 (Thi gian lm bi : 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht ) PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40) Cu 1: Cho bit khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt, xc sut sinh mt ngi con c 2 alen tri ca mt cp v chng c kiu gen AaBbDd l: 3 15 27 5 B. C. D. A. 32 64 64 16 n a Hd: ADCT C2 n /4 trong 2n l tng s alen ca KG, a l s gen tri Hay xc sut sinh mt ngi con c 2 alen tri ca mt cp v chng c kiu gen AaBbDd l C62 /4^3 = 15/64 p n B Cu 7: mt loi thc vt, alen A quy nh qu tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh qu vng. Dng cnsixin x l cc ht ca cy lng bi (P), sau em gieo cc ht ny thu c cc cy F1. Chn ngu nhin hai cy F1 cho giao phn vi nhau, thu c F2 gm 1190 cy qu v 108 cy qu vng. Cho bit qu trnh gim phn khng xy ra t bin, cc cy t bi u to giao t 2n c kh nng th tinh. Tnh theo l thuyt, t l kiu gen ca F2 l: A. 5 AAA : 1AAa : 5 Aaa : 1 aaa B. 1 AAA : 5 AAa : 5 Aaa : 1 aaa C. 5 AAA : 1 AAa : 1 Aaa : 5 aaa D. 1 AAA : 5 AAa : 1Aaa : 5 aaa HD: ta c t ln KH F2 l 11:1 suy ra F2 c 12 t hp giao t = 6 x 2. vy b m c KG l AAaa x Aa vit SDL v tnh c t l KG ca F2 p n B d Cu 9 : Trong qu trnh gim phn mt c th c kiu gen AaBbX eD X E xy ra hon v gen gia cc alen D v d vi tn s 20%. Cho bit khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt, t l loi giao t abX ed c to ra t c th ny l : A. 2,5% B. 5,0% C.10,0% D. 7,5% HD: Xt 2 cp gen AaBb cho 1/4ab d Xt cp gen X eD X E xy ra hon v vi f = 20% cho 0,1 X ed

T hp 3 cp gen ny cho t l loi giao t abX ed = .0,1 = 0,025 = 2.5% p n A Cu 10: Cho s ph h sau:

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S ph h trn m t s di truyn mt bnh ngoi do mt trong hai alen ca mt gen quy nh. Bit rng khng xy ra t bin tt c cc c th trong ph h. Trong nhng ngi thuc ph h trn, nhng ngi cha th xc nh c chnh xc kiu gen do cha c thng tin l: A. 8 v 13 B. 1 v 4 C. 17 v 20 D. 15 v 16 HD: Da vo s ph h ta rt ra c mt s nhn xt sau: Gen quy inh tnh trang nm trn NST thng. Gen gy bnh l gen tri (da vo III 12 v 13 nu gen gy bnh l gen ln th con phi 100% bnh). Gi s A: gen gy bnh A: bnh thng Vy ngi b bnh c KG ANgi bnh thng c KG aa, Da vo ph h suy lun p n ng Cu 11: mt loi thc vt, tnh trng hnh dng qu do hai gen khng alen phn li c lp cng quy nh. Khi trong kiu gen c mt ng thi c hai alen tri A v B cho qu dt, khi ch c mt trong hai alen cho qu trn v khi khng c alen tri no cho qu di. Tnh trng mu sc hoa do mt gen c 2 alen quy nh, alen D quy nh hoa tri hon ton so vi alen d quy nh hoa trng. Cho cy qu dt. hoa (P) t th phn, thu c F1 c kiu hnh phn li theo t l 6 cy qu dt, hoa : 5 cy qu trn, hoa trng : 3 cy qu dt, hoa trng :1 cy qu trn hoa trng : 1 cy qu di, hoa . Bit rng khng xy ra t bin, kiu gen no ca (P) sau y ph hp vi kt qu trn? Ad BD Ad AD Bb B. BB D. Bb Aa C. A. aD AD ad bd HD: t l KG F1 l 6:5:3:1:1 vy F1 c 16 t hp = 4x4 vy P cho 4 loi giao t nn cp gen quy nh mu sc lin kt hon ton vi 1 trong 2 cp gen quy nh hnh dng ht b_ Xt kiu hnh qu di, hoa F1 c KG l t hp gia aabb v D- nn c KG l aa bD a_ bb t y ta kt lun a lin kt hon ton vi D hoc b lin kt hon ton vi hoc aD Ad Bd Bb hoc Aa cn c vo p n, p n ng l A D.vy P c th l aD bD Cu 15: Mt gen sinh vt nhn thc c 3900 lin kt hidr v c 900 nuclit loi guanin. Mch 1 ca gen c s nucltit loi anin chim 30% v s nucltit loi guanin chim 10% tng s nucltit ca mch. S nucltit mi loi mch 1 ca gen ny l: A. A = 450; T = 150; G = 750; X = 150 B.A = 750; T = 150; G = 150 X = 150 C. A = 150; T = 450; G = 750; X = 150 D.A = 450; T = 150; G = 150 X = 750 HD : H = 2A + 3G nn tnh c A = 600 %A1 = 30% tnh c A1 =30%xN/2 = 450 nu, T1= A2 = A A1 = 150 %G1 = 10% tnh c G1 = 10%x N/2 = 150. Cn c vo p n => p n D Cu 18: Gi s nng lng ng ha ca cc sinh vt d dng trong mt chui thc n nh sau: Sinh vt tiu th bc 1: 1 500 000 Kcal Sinh vt tiu th bc 2: 180 000 Kcal

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Sinh vt tiu th bc 3: 18 000 Kcal Sinh vt tiu th bc 4: 1 620 Kcal Hiu sut sinh thi gia bt dinh dng cp 3 vi bc dinh dng cp 2 v gia bt dinh dng cp 4 vi bt dinh dng cp 3 trong chui thc n trn ln lt l : A.9% v 10% B. 12% v 10% C. 10% v 12% D. 10% v 9% HD : lu Sinh vt tiu th bc n l bc dinh dng cp n+ 1 Do : Hiu sut sinh tho gia bc dinh dng cp 3 vi bc dinh dng cp 2 l H3= (180 000/1 500 000).100 = 12% cn c p n khng nht thit cn phi tnh Hiu sut sinh thi gia bc dinh dng cp 4 vi bc dinh dng cp 3 ta chn lun p n B
Cu 19 : Trong mt qun th thc vt giao phn, xt mt lcut c hai alen, alen A quy nh thn cao tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn thp. Qun th ban u (P) c kiu hnh thn thp chim t l 25%. Sau mt th h ngu phi v khng chu tc ng ca cc nhn t tin ha, kiu hnh thn thp th h con chim t l 16%. Tnh theo l thuyt, thnh phn kiu gen ca qun th (P) l: A. 0,45AA : 0,30Aa : 0,25aa B. 0,25AA : 0,50Aa : 0,25aa C. 0,30AA : 0,45Aa : 0,25aa D. 0,10AA : 0,65Aa : 0,25aa HD : trong qun th giao phi th tn s alen khng i : Sau 1 th h ngu phi qun th s t trng thi cn bng : nn ta tnh c tn s alen a : q = 0.16 = 0.4 m Qun th ban u (P) c kiu hnh thn thp chim t l 25% = 0,25 nn tn s alen ln = 0,25 + t l KG d hp/ 2 = 0,4 => t l kG d hp Aa = 0,3. Kt lun p n ng l A Cu 20: rui gim, alen A quy nh mt tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh mt trng. Trong trng hp khng xy ra t bin, php lai no sau y cho i con c kiu hnh phn li theo t l 2 rui ci mt : 1 rui c mt : 1 rui c mt trng? A. XAXa x XAY B. XAXA x XaY C. XAXa x XaY D.XaXax XAY HD : F2 c 4 t hp = 2x2 vy mi bn cho 2 loi giao t. nh vy rui ci c KG XAXa, rui c l 1 trong 2 KG XAY, XaY tuy nhin F1 ch cho rui ci mt nn KG c con c l XAY vy p n l A Cu 21: mt loi thc vt, alen A quy nh thn cao tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn thp; alen B quy nh hoa tri hon ton so vi alen b quy nh hoa trng; alen D quy nh qu trn tri hon ton so vi alen d quy nh qu di. Cho cy thn cao, hoa , qu trn (P) t th phn, thu c F1 gm 301 cy thn cao, hoa , qu di ; 99 cy thn cao, hoa trng, qu di; 600 cy thn cao, hoa , qu trn; 199 cy thn cao, hoa trng , qu trn; 301 cy thn thp, hoa , qu trn; 100 cy thn thp,hoa trng, qu trn. Bit rng khng xy ra t bin, kiu gen ca (P) l: AB Ad AD Bd A. Bb C. Bb D. Dd B. Aa aD ad ab bD HD:T l F1 l 3:1:6:2:3:1 => c 16 t hp kt lun c 2 cp gen cng nm trn 1 cp NST F1 d hp 3 cp gen: Xt Kh cy thn thp,hoa trng, qu trn l t hp ca aa,bb,DNhn xt a v b khng cng nm trn 1 cp NST v nu chng lk th th h sau s c KH thp, trng, di (F1 ko c) Vy ch c th a lk vi D hoc b lk vi D

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Ad Bb t l i con l aD (1cao, di: 2 cao trn: 1 thp trn)(3 : 1 trng)=3cao, , di: 1cao, trng, di: 6cao, , trn: 2 cao, trng, trn: 3 thp trn: 1 thp trng trn . ng vi kt qu F1 vy KG p Ad l Bb ko cn xt TH2 p n B aD Cu 22: mt loi thc vt, alen A quy nh thn cao tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn thp, alen B quy nh qu tri hon ton so vi alen b quy nh qu vng. Cho cy thn cao, qu giao phn vi cy thn cao, qu (P), trong tng s cc cy thu c F1, s cy c kiu hnh thn thp, qu vng chim t l 1%. Bit rng khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt, t l kiu hnh thn cao, qu c kiu gen ng hp t v c hai cp gen ni trn F1 l: A.1% B. 66% C. 59% D. 51% HD : t l KG ng hp ln = t l kg ng hp tri do p n l A Cu 24: T mt qun th thc vt ban u (P), sau 3 th h t th phn th thnh phn kiu gen ca qun th l 0,525AA : 0,050Aa : 0,425aa. Cho rng qun th khng chu tc ng ca cc nhn t tin ha khc, tnh theo l thuyt, thnh phn kiu gen ca (P) l: A.0,400AA : 0,400Aa : 0,200aa B.0,250AA : 0,400Aa : 0,350aa C.0,350AA : 0,400Aa : 0,250aa D.0,375AA : 0,400Aa : 0,225aa HD :Gi s qun th ban u c cu trc dt l : xAA + yAa +1aa =1 T l KG d hp Aa sau n th h t th phn l y/2^n = 0.05 vi n = 3 => y = 0.4 T l kG ng hp tri sau n th h t th phn AA = x +(0.4-0,05)/2 = 0.525 =>x = 0.35 Vy p n ng l C Cu 25: Bit rng mi gen quy nh mt tnh trng, alen tri l tri hon ton. Php lai no sau y cho i con c kiu hnh phn li theo t l 1 : 1 : 1 : 1? Ab aB Ab aB ab ab Ab AB A. x B. x C. x D. x ab ab ab ab aB aB ab ab BL: i con c 4 t hp = 2x2 (php lai A tha mn) hoc 4x1 (khng c php lai no TM) vy p n A Cu 26: Cho giao phn hai cy hoa trng thun chng (P) vi nhau thu c F1 ton cy hoa . Cho cy F1 t th phn, thu c F2 gm 89 cy hoa v 69 cy hoa trng khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt. t l phn li kiu gen F2 l: B. 1 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 2 : 1 :1 :2 :1 A.1: 2 :1 :2 :4 :2 :1 :1 :1 C. 4 :2 : 2: 2:2 :1 :1 : 1 :1 D. 3 : 3 : 1 :1 : 3 : 3: 1: 1 : 1 HD :T l i con l 9 :7 => F2 c 16 t hp = 4x4. mi bn b m cho 4 loi giao t vy F1 d hp 2 cp gen gi s AaBb t l KG i sau l ( 1 :2 :1)2 = p n C Cu 35: Trong qun th ca mt loi th, xt hai lcut: lcut mt c 3 alen l A1, A2, A3; lcut hai c 2 alen l B v b. C hai lcut u nm trn on khng tng ng ca nhim sc th gii tnh X v cc alen ca hai lcut ny lin kt khng hon ton. Bit rng khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt, s kiu gen ti a v hai lcut trn trong qun th ny l: A.18 B. 36 C.30 D. 27 HD :C 2 alen A va B cng nm trn 1 NST X nn chng ta xem t hp 2 alen ny l mt gen (gi l gen M) Khi d gen M c s alen bng tch s 2 alen ca A v B=3x2=6 alen.. TH1: Xt a lk vi D KG ca P l
4

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gii XX s KG s l 6(6+1)/2=21 KG ( ADCT nhu NST thuong r(r+1)/2 trong do r l s alen - gii XY S KG= r=S alen=6. Vy s kiu gen ti a v hai lcut trn trong qun th ny l: 21+6 = 27 p n D
Cu 36: mt loi thc vt, xt cp gen Bb nm trn nhim sc th thng, mi alen u c 1200 nucltit. Alen B c 301 nucltit loi anin, alen b c s lng 4 loi nucltit bng nhau. Cho hai cy c kiu gen Bb giao phn vi nhau, trong s cc hp t thu c, c mt loi hp t cha tng s nucltit loi guanin ca cc alen ni trn bng 1199. Kiu gen ca loi hp t ny l: A.Bbbb B. BBbb C.Bbb D. BBb HD : ta d dng tnh c Alen B nu loi G = 299 Alen b nu loi G = 300 m 1199 = 300x3+299 nn Kiu gen ca loi hp t ny l: Bbbb p n A Cu 39: rui gim, alen A quy nh thn xm tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn en; alen B quy nh cnh di tri hon ton so vi alen b quy nh cnh ct. Cc gen quy nh mu thn v hnh dng cnh u nm trn mt nhim sc th thng. Alen D quy nh mt tri hon ton so vi alen d quy nh mt trng nm trn on khng tng ng ca nhim sc th gii tnh X. Cho giao phi rui ci thn xm, cnh di, mt vi rui c thn xm, cnh di, mt (P), trong tng s cc rui thu c F1, rui c kiu hnh thn en, cnh ct, mt trng chim t l 2,5%. Bit rng khng xy t bin, tnh theo l thuyt, t l kiu hnh thn xm, cnh di, mt F1 l: A.7,5% B. 45,0% C.30,0% D. 60,0% HD kiu hnh thn en, cnh ct, mt trng chim t l 2,5% KL : y l t l ca con c, c hon v gen gia cp gen quy inh mu sc v hnh dng cnh ab d Ta c KG ca thn en, cnh ct, mt trng l X Y ab ab d ab ab d Y 25 % X Y = 10% X x 25% ab ab d Xt giao t = 10% X l giao t hon v tn s hon v gen f =10x4= 40%

Ab D d X X aB AB Kiu gen ca rui c l X DY ab Vit SDL tnh t l kiu hnh thn xm, cnh di, mt l 45% c p n B Cu 40: mt loi thc vt, alen A quy nh thn cao tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn thp; alen B quy nh hoa tm tri hon ton so vi alen b quy nh hoa trng; alen D quy nh qu tri hon ton vi alen d quy nh qu vng; alen E quy nh qu trn tri hon ton so vi alen e quy nh qu di. Tnh theo l thuyt, php lai (P) AB DE AB DE x trong trng hp gim phn bnh thng, qu trnh pht sinh giao t c ab de ab de

Kiu gen ca rui ci l

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v giao t ci u xy ra hon v gen gia cc alen B v b vi tn s 20%, gia cc alen E v e c tn s 40%, cho F1 c kiu hnh thn cao, hoa tm, qu , trn chim t l:

A.38,94%

x ab de ab de AB AB Xt php lai ( x ) hon v gen gia cc alen B v b vi tn s 20%, ab ab AB ab 2 2 2 ?? T l l = 0,5 + (m) = 0,5 + 0.4 = 0,66 trong m l t l c th ab

HD : php lai

AB DE

B.18,75% AB DE

D. 30,25% DE DE l t hp gia 2 php lai ( x ).( x ) ab ab de de

AB AB

C. 56,25 %

Tng t Xt php lai .(

DE
2

DE de

DE de
2

)hon v gen gia cc alen E v e c tn s 40%

2

T l l 0,5 + (m) =0,5+ 0,3 = 0,59 trong m l t l c th ??

de de

II. PHN RING [10 cu] Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B) A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50) Cu 46: Gen A sinh vt nhn s di 408 nm v c s nucltit loi timin nhiu gp 2 ln s nucltit loi guanin. Gen A b t bin im thnh alen a. Alen a c 2798 lin kt hir. S lng tng loi nucltit ca alen a l: A. A = T = 799; G = X = 401. B. A = T = 801; G = X = 400. C. A = T = 800; G = X = 399. D. A = T = 799; G = X = 400. HD : s nu ca gen A = 2400 vi T=2G => T=800, G=400 S lk H = 2800, so vi H ca gen t bin, s H ca gen B gim 2 chng t mt 1 cp nu A = T vy p n D Cu 48: Cho bit mi gen quy nh mt tnh trng, alen tri l tri hon ton v khng xy ra t bin. Trong mt php lai, ngi ta thu c i con c kiu hnh phn li theo t l 3A-B- : 3aaB- : 1A-bb : 1aabb. Php lai no sau y ph hp vi kt qu trn ? A. Aabb aaBb. B. AaBb AaBb. C. AaBb Aabb. D. AaBb aaBb. BL : i con c 8 t hp = 4x2 Mt bn (gi s m)cho 4 loi giao t c KG l AaBb, Mt bn (gi s b)cho 2 loi giao t: v i sau t l kg A-:aa = 1:1 l kt qu php lai gia Aa:aa t l kg B-:bb = 3:1 l kt qu php lai gia Bb:Bb => vy KG b l aaBb p n D Cu 50: ng, c 3 gen khng alen phn li c lp, tc ng qua li cng quy nh mu sc ht, mi gen u c 2 alen (A, a; B, b; R, r). Khi trong kiu gen c mt ng thi c 3

Vy F1 c kiu hnh thn cao, hoa tm, qu , trn chim t l: 0.66 x0.59 = 0.3894 p n A

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alen tri A, B, R cho ht c mu; cc kiu gen cn li u cho ht khng mu. Ly phn ca cy mc t ht c mu (P) th phn cho 2 cy: - Cy th nht c kiu gen aabbRR thu c cc cy lai c 50% s cy ht c mu; - Cy th hai c kiu gen aaBBrr thu c cc cy lai c 25% s cy cho ht c mu. Kiu gen ca cy (P) l A. AaBBRr. B. AABbRr. C. AaBbRr. D. AaBbRR. Bl Cy th nht c kiu gen aabbRR ch cho 1 loi gt abR m thu c cc cy lai c 50% s cy ht c mu nn P phi cho giao t ABCy th hai c kiu gen aaBBrr ch cho 1 loi giao t aBr m cy lai c 25% (1/4) s cy ht c mu vy KG P phi cho giao t A-R v d hp 2 cp gen (1) T hp li => P phi cho 1/4ABR v khng c giao t AbR (2) T 1 v 2 => P c KG AaBBRr p an A