Trng THPT Thanh Kh Ngay soan: 14/10/2011 Ngay day: 17/10/2011 Tun: 9 Tit: 16 Bai 10:

PHOTPHO

I. Muc tiu: 1. Kin thc * Hc sinh bit: - Cc dng th hnh, tnh cht vt l, ng dng, trng thi t nhin v phng php iu ch photpho trong cng nghip. * Hc sinh hiu: - V tr ca photpho trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, cu hnh electron nguyn t. - Tnh cht ho hc : Photpho va c tnh oxi ho (tc dng vi mt s kim loi K, Na, Ca) va c tnh kh (tac dung vi O2, Cl2, mt s hp cht khac). 2. K nng - D on, kim tra bng th nghim v kt lun v tnh cht ca Photpho. - Quan st th nghim, hnh nh .., rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht ca Photpho. - Vit c PTHH minh ho. - S dng c photpho hiu qu v an ton trong phng th nghim v trong thc t - Gii c bi tp: Tnh khi lng sn phm to thnh qua nhiu phn ng, bi tp khc c ni dung lin quan. II. Trong tm: - So snh 2 dng th hnh ch yu ca Photpho l P trng v P v cu trc phn t, mt s tnh cht vt l. - Tnh cht ho hc: Photpho va c tnh oxi ho (tc dng vi mt s kim loi nh Ca) va c tnh kh (kh O2, Cl2,). III. Phng phap: am thoai, gi m, nu va giai quyt vn . IV. Chun bi: Bang HTTH, phiu hoc tp (PHT), h thng cu hoi. V. Tin trinh giang day: 1. n inh lp: 2. Kim tra bai cu: (5ph) Gv: Nu cu hoi va goi hoc sinh ln bang Vit cu hinh electron cua nguyn t A co s hiu nguyn t Z=15. Hay cho bit: - S lp electron, 6 2electron lp ngoai cung cua nguyn t A. s 1s22s22p 3s 3p3 - Vi tri cua nguyn t A trong bang HTTH. Hs : Tra li - Cu hnh electron A (Z=15): - Co 3 lp electron va co 5e lp ngoai cung. -Vi tri cua nguyn t A trong bang HTTH: A nm th 15 trong bang HTTH, thuc nhom VA, chu ky 3. GV: goi mt HS nhn xet, ri GV kt lun.

GSKT: L Thi Anh

Trng THPT Thanh Kh 3. Bai mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Hoat ng 1: (2-3ph) T chc tinh hung hoc tp Tit 16: Bai 10: GV: cac tit trc, cac em a c tim hiu v nguyn t nit va hp cht cua no. tit nay, chung ta se tim hiu v nguyn t Photpho (ky hiu: P, Z=15). Vy cac em co bit nguyn t P do ai tim ra khng? HS: Vao nm 1669, mt gi kim thut tm ra tn la Henning Brand, ng a pht hin ra thng qua vic iu ch nc tiu. ng cho bay hi nc tiu v thu c mt cht khong mu trng, pht sng trong bng m. Hot ng 2: (3-5 ph) Tm hiu v v tr, cu hnh electron ca photpho GV: Yu cu HS nhin vao bang HTTH va bang (HS kim tra bai cu), phn tich cho HS v vi tri cua photpho. HS: Lng nghe va chep bai vao v. Hot ng 3: ( 5-7 ph) Tim hiu v tinh cht vt ly cua nguyn t P. GV: Y/c HS da vao SGK, hay cho c bit photpho co my dang thu hinh. HS: Tra li GV: Phat PHT, yu cu HS da vao SGK in thng tin con thiu vao PHT, ri goi mt HS ln hoan thanh bang o. Ni dung PHOTPHO

I. V TR V CU HNH ELETRON NGUYN T: - Cu hnh electron: P (Z =15): 1s22s22p63s23p3. - Vi tri: Nm th 15, nhm VA, chu k 3 trong bng HTTH. II. TNH CHT VT L: -Photpho co 2 dng th hnh chnh l: photpho v photpho trng. P trng Cht rn, trong sut, mu trng hay hi vng, mm. Mng tinh th phn Cu truc t (nut mang la P4) Khng tan trong nc, tan trong mt Tinh tan s dung mi hu c nh ete, benzen Rt c, gy bng c tnh nng khi ri vo da. Km bn, d nng Tnh chy; t 400C bc bn chy trong khng kh. Trng thi, mu sc P Cht bt, mu . Polime (Pn). Khng tan trong cac dung mi thng thng. Khng c Bn nhit thng.

GSKT: L Thi Anh

Trng THPT Thanh Kh Tnh pht quang iu kin chuyn hoa Khng pht quang trong bng ti Phat quang mau luc nhat trong bong ti S chuyn hoa:

trng

P o cao, a hi, sau o lam lanh ho ,p

250 C, khng co khng kh

GV: Cung c lai va m rng thm mt s vn ( nu HS kha, gioi) - Tai sao N, P u thuc III. TNH CHT HA HC: 0 3 t Cac trang thai s oxi hoa cua photpho: nhom VA nhng iu kin 2 P + 3Zn Zn3 P 2 thng N2 la cht khi con P -5e +3e + -3e + la cht rn? 0 3 5 3 - Trong cac dang thu hinh cua P thi dang thu hinh nao Tnh oxi Tnh kh hoat ng manh nht. Tai ha sao? Photpho c va th hin tnh oxi ho va th hin HS: Tra li tnh kh.
0

Hot ng 4: (10 15 ph) Tm hiu v tnh cht ha hc ca photpho.

0 3 GV: Photpho la phi kim t0 Th d: 2 P0+ 3Ca C Ca P (canxi photphua) 3 2 tng i hoat ng, hoat 2P 3Zn t Zn3P2 ng hoa hoc cua no manh hn ca Nit. Vy vi sao N va P u Kem photphua (thuc chut) thuc nhom VA, trong o N 2. Tnh kh: co m in ln hn P Khi tc dng vi cc phi kim hot ng nh oxi, nhng N lai kem hoat ng halogen, lu hunhva cac hp cht co tinh oxi hoa hn P iu kin thng? manh khac. a/ Tc dng vi phi kim: Khi t nng HS: Do lin kt trong P4 l Vi oxi: 0 + 3 lin kt n km bn vng t Thiu oxi: 4 P + 3O2 C2 2 O P (iphotpho trioxit) 3 hn so vi lin kt 3 trong 0 +5 phn t N2, nn iu kin D oxi: 4 P + 5O 2 P 2 O (iphotpho pentaoxit) t C 2 5 thng Nit km hot ng Vi Clo: hn photpho. 0 +3 t 0C Thiu clo: 2 P + 3Cl2 2 P Cl3 (photpho triclorua) GV: Y/c HS xac inh s oxh 0 + 5 t 0C cua P trong cac hp cht sau: D clo: 2 P + 5Cl 2 2 P Cl5 (photpho pentaclorua) PH3, P, P2O3, P2O5. T o suy b/ Tc dng vi hp cht co tinh oxi hoa (HNO3,
0 0

1. Tnh oxi ha: Khi tc dng vi mt s kim loi hot ng photphua kim loi.

GSKT: L Thi Anh

Trng THPT Thanh Kh ra tinh cht hoa hoc cua KClO5HNO3 t tH3PO4 nng 3): Khi P Photpho. 0 +7 +5 t0 HS: 6P 5KClO 3P O
-3
0

5NO2

H2O
-1

PH3

+3

P 2O 3

+5

2 5

5KCl

P2O 5

Tinh oxi hoa

Tinh kh

GV: Cho vi du chng minh hoc lam thi nghim (P t/d vi O2,Cl2), yu cu HS xac inh va lu y cho HS tt ca cac photphua kim loi u rt c. GV: Cung c lai Hot ng 3: (5ph) Tm hiu v trng thi t IV. NG DNG VA TRNG THI TNHIN : nhin v ng dng ca (SGK) photpho GV: Y/c HS da vao SGK cho c bit trong t nhin P co u, tn tai dang nao va co nhng ng dung gi? HS: Tra li Hot ng 4: (3- 5 ph) GV: Photpho c sn xut VI. SN XUT: bng phng php no? Trong cng nghip: HS: Tra li Ca3(PO4)2 + SiO2 + C CO

2000 C P
0

+ CaSiO3 +

4. Cung c: GV yu cu HS lam BT 2/49 SGK va ra BTVN Bai 2 trang 49: 4 P + 5O2 2 P2O5 6 P + 5KClO3 3P2 O5 + 5KCl 2 P + 3Cl2 2 PCl 3 Cht kh : P 2 P + 3S P S
2 3

2 P + 5S P2 S5
5. Dn do: GSKT: L Thi Anh

2 P + 3Mg Mg 3 P2
Cht oxi ha: P

Trng THPT Thanh Kh

PHIU HOC TP
P trng Trng thi, mu sc Cu truc Tinh tan c tnh Tnh bn Tnh pht quang S chuyn hoa: iu kin chuyn hoa P

trng

P o

GSKT: L Thi Anh