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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of COPD (Patient Based)

Predisposing Factors Old age (76 yrs old) Sex (male) Precipitating Factors Heavy Smoker

Entry of noxious particles or gases to the lungs

Abnormal Inflammation of the lung

Disequilibrium between Elastase and Anti-elastase (alpha-1-antitrypsin)

Chronic Inflammation Damage to the parenchyma ofthe lung

Thickening of vessel wall

Narrowing of airway lumen


RR= 28 cpm Nasal flaring and use of accessory muscle Dyspnea

OBSTRUCTION OF AIRFLOW

impaired gas exchange

Air trapping

HYPERCAPNEA

Vasoconstriction of Blood Vessels

BP: 140/90mmHg (NV: <120/80)

Pulmonary Hypertension
HR: 118bpm (NV: 60-100bmp)

Increase workload of the heart

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