L Th Thu Hng

Chng I: IN TCH IN TRNG

Dng 1: Xc nh cc i lng lin quan n lc tng tc gia hai in tch im ng yn

Phng php: p dng cng thc: F = k Ch :
q1q 2

.r 2

suy ra cc i lng cn xc nh.

Khi cho hai qu cu nh dn in nh nhau, nhim in tip xc nhau v sau tch ri nhau th tng in tch chia u cho mi qu. Tng t i vi hai qu cu ni vi nhau bng dy mnh ri ct b. Khi chm tay vo 1 qu cu nh dn in tch in th qu cu mt in tch v trung ha in. BI TP Bi 1: Hai in tch im bng nhau t trong chn khng, cch nhau 4cm. Lc tnh in gia chng l 10-5N a. Tm ln mi in tch b.Tm khong cch gia chng lc tnh in bng 2,5.10-6N. Bi 2: Hai vt nh tch in, t cch nhau 3m trong chn khng, ht nhau bng 1 lc 6.10 -9N. in tch tng cng ca 2 vt l 10-9C. Tnh in tch mi vt. Bi 3: Hai qu cu ging nhau mang in, cng t trong chn khng v cch nhau 1m th ht nhau 1 lc 7,2N. Sau 2 qu cu tip xc ri a v v tr c th y nhau 1 lc 0,9N. Tnh in tch mi qu cu trc v sau khi tip xc. Bi 4: Hai ht bi trong khng kh cch nhau 3cm, mi ht mang in tch - 9,6.10-13C. a. Tnh lc in gia hai ht bi. b. Tnh s electron d trong mi ht bi. Bit in tch mi electron l -1,6.10-19C. Bi 5: Mi proton c khi lng 1,67.10-27Kg, in tch l 1,6.10-19C. So snh lc tnh in gia hai proton vi lc hp dn gia chng. Bi 6: Hai in tch im cch nhau 3,6cm trong khng kh. Hi phi t hai in tch im ny trong nc ( = 81), cch nhau bao nhiu lc tng tc gia 2 in tch im khng i. F2 Bi 7: Hai in tch im t cch nhau 10cm trong khng kh th tng tc vi nhau bng lc F. Nu t trong du th hai in tch ny tng tc bng lc F/4. lc tng tc gia hai tch vn l F th phi t cch nhau bao nhiu trong du?

Dng 2: S tng tc ca nhiu in tch

Phng php: nu 1 vt c in tch q chu tc dng ca nhiu lc F1 , F2 , th lc tng hp F tc dng ln q l vecto tng, xc nh bi: F = F1 + F2 + F1 F c th c xc nh theo nhng cch sau: - F1 F2 : F = F1 + F2 - F1 , F2 cng ln, hp vi nhau gc : F - F1 F2 : F = F1 F2 F = 2OH = 2F1.cos( /2)
F F1 - F1 F2 : F = F12 + F22 F2 - F1 , F2 khc ln, hp vi nhau gc : nh l hm s cosin: F2 = F12 + F22 + 2 F1 F2 cos F2 BI TP Bi 1: Hai in tch q1 = 8.10-8C, q2 = -8.10-8C ti A, B trong khng kh, AB = 6cm. Xc nh lc in tc dng ln q3 = 8.10-8C, nu: a. CA = 4cm, CB = 2cm b. CA = 4cm, CB = 10cm c. CA = CB = 5cm.

F2

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Bi 2: Ti 3 nh ca 1 tam gic u cnh a t 3 in tch im cng ln q, trong c 2 in tch dng v 1 in tch m. Tnh lc tc dng ln mi in tch. Bi 3: Hai in tch dng v 1 in tch m c cng q = 10 -7C ti 3 nh ca tam gic ABC, bit AB = 3cm, BC = 4cm, AC = 5cm. in tch m t ti C. Tnh ln lc in tc dng ln in tch ti A. Bi 4: Cho q1 = 16 C, q2 = - 64 C t ti A, B, cho AB = 1m. Xc nh lc tc dng ln q0=4 C, nu: a. t q0 ti M: AM = 60cm, BM = 40cm b. t q0 ti N: AN = 60cm, BN = 80cm Bi 5: t 3 in tch q1 = 8.10-9, q2 = q3 = -8.10-9C tahi 3 nh ca tam gic u cnh 6cm trong khng kh. Xc nh lc tc dng n in tch q0 = 6.10-9C t tm O ca tam giac .

Dng 3: S cn bng ca mt in tch

Phng php: Khi mt in tch cn bng ng yn, lc tng hp tc dng ln in tch tha iu kin:
F = F1 + F2 +... = 0

Cch kho st: cng cc vecto theo quy tc hnh bnh hnh, a h lc tc dng ln in tch v 2 lc trc i. Hoc kho st theo phng php chiu h trc ta . BI TP Bi 1: Hai in tch q1 = 2.10-8C, q2 = -8.10-8C ti A, B trong khng kh, AB = 8cm. Mt in tch q3 ti C. Hi: a. C u q3 nm cn bng? b. Du v ln ca q3 q1v q2 cng cn bng. Bi 2: Ti 3 nh ca tam gic u, ngi ta t ba in tch ging nhau q 1 = q2 = q3 = 6.10-7. Hi phi t in tch th t q0 ti u, c gi tr bng bao nhiu c h ng yn cn bng. Bi 3: Treo hai qu cu nh c khi lng bng nhau v bng 0,01g nh hnh v, hai dy c di bng nhau v bng 50cm. Khi hai qu cu nhim in bng nhau v ln v 2 cng du th chng y nhau v cch nhau 6cm, cho g = 9,8m/s a. Tnh in tch hai qu cu. b. Nhng c h vo ru etylic c = 27. 6cm Tnh khong cch gia hai qu cu (b qua lc y Acsimet) Bi 4: Mt qu cu A khi lng m mang in tch q treo u si dy OA = l, khi lng khng ng k, cn u kia gi c nh O. Ti O t in tch q. Tt c c nhng trong cht lng c hng s in mi l . Tnh lc cng dy, bit khi lng ring ca qu cu bng hai ln khi lng ring cht lng. O (q)

Dng 4: Xc nh cng in trng to bi in tch im. Xc nh lc in tc dng ln in tch im.

Phng php:

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p dng cc c im v vecto cng in trng to bi in tch im. + im t: im ang xt. + Phng: ng thng ni in tch im vi im ang xt. + Chiu: hng ra xa q nu q > 0; hng li gn q nu q < 0. +
q k q 1 . 2 ln: E = . 2 = r 40 r

q: Cu lng (C) r: m t(m) ; 0 = 1 E: Vn/m t (V/m)

F =q E
q > F v E 0: cng q < F v E 0:

Lc in c xc nh:

BI TP Bi 1: in tch im q = 10-5 C t tai im O trong khng kh a. Tnh vect cng in trng ti im M cch in tch im mt on 10cm b. Xc nh lc in trng do in tch im q tc dng ln in tch im q ' = -10-7C t ti M. Suy ra lc in do in tch im q' tc dng ln in tch im q Bi 2: Cho hai im A, B trn cng mt ng sc ca in trngdo mt in tch im q >0 gy ra. Bit cng in trng ti A l 36V/m, ti B l 9 V/m. a. Tm cng in trng ti M l trung im ca AB. b. Nu t ti M mt in tch im q0 = -10-2C th ln lc in tc dng ln q0 l bao nhiu? Xc nh phng chiu ca lc in . Bi 3: in tch q ti A gy ra ti B mt cng in trng E . Nu t ti B in tch th q0=10-6C th n chu tc dng ca lc in F hng t B n A, bit F = 10-2N. a. Xc nh E ti B. b. Tnh q? bit AB = 30cm

chiu ngc chiu

Dng 5: S chng cht in trng

Phng php: Nu cc in tch im q1, q2,gy ra ti m cc cng in trng E1 , E 2 , th cng in trng tng hp ti M c dng: E = E1 + E 2 +... . Xc nh E ging nh xc nh F . BI TP Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC, AB = 3cm, AC = 4cm, q1 = -3,6.10-9C t ti A, q2 t ti B. Vecto cng in trng tajiC c phng song song vi AB. Xc nh q2 v cng in trng ti C. Bi 2: Cho hai in tch q1 = 4.10-10C, q2 = -4.10-10C ti A, B trong khng kh, bit AB = 2cm. Xc nh cng in trng ti: a. H, trung im ca AB b. M, cch A l 1cm, cch B l 3cm. c. N, hp vi A, B thnh tam gic u. Bi 3: Ti 3 nh ca tam gic ABC, c a = 50cm, b = 40cm, c = 30cm, t q1 = q2 = q3 = 10-9C. Xc nh cng in trng ti H ( H l chn ng cao k t A). Bi 4: Ti 3 nh A, B, C ca hnh vung ABCD cnh a t 3 in tch ging nhau q (q>0). Tnh cng in trng ti: a. Tm hnh vung b. nh D ca hnhE vung. Bi 5: Hai in tch im q1 = q2 = q = 10-10 C t c nh ti A, B; vi AB = 2a = 6cm. Mt im M nm trn ng trung trc AB cch AB mt on x. a. Xc nh vc t cng in trng ti im M khi x = 4cm. b. Xc nh v tr ca M (nm trn ng trung trc AB) cng in trng ti M t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr cng in trng ti M lc ny.

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Dng 6: S cn bng ca vt mang in tch trong in trng

Phng php: Ti v tr in trng tng hp trit tiu, c: E = E1 + E2 +... = 0 Vt tch in cn bng trong in trng c hp lc b trit tiu: F = F1 + F2 +... = 0 BI TP Bi 1: Hnh ch nht ABCD c AD = 3cm, AB = 1cm, q1, q2 = -12,5.10-8C v q3 l lt t ti A, B, C. Bit cng in trng ti D bng 0. Tnh q1, q3. Bi 2: Mt qu cu nh c khi lng 0,1g mang in tch q = 10-8C treo bng 1 si dy khng dn t trong in trng u E . E c phng ngang. Khi qu cu cn bng, dy treo hp 1 gc 450 so vi phng thng ng, cho g = 10m/s2. Tnh cng in trng E v lc cng dy. Bi 3: Cho hai in tch q1, q2 t ti A v B, AB = 2cm. bit q1 + q2 = 7.10-8C v im C cch q1 6cm, cch q2 8cm c cng in trng E = 0. tm q1, q2. Bi 4: Cho hnh vung ABCD, ti A v C t cc in tch q 1 = q3 = q. Hi phi t B in tch q 2 bng bao nhiu cng in trng ti D bng 0. Bi 5: Trong nc c mt vin bi nh bng kim loi c th tch 10mm 3, khi lng 0,05g, mang in tch q = 10-9C ang l lng. Tt c t trong in trng u E c ng sc thng ng. Xc nh chiu v ln ca E . Bit khi lng ring ca nc l 1kg/dm3, g = 10m/s2. Bi 6: Hai qu cu nh A v B mang in tch ln lt l -2.10-9C v 2.10-9C c treo hai u si dy t cch in di bng nhau. Hai im treo dy M M N v N cch nhau 2cm. Khi cn bng, v tr cc dy treo c dng nh hnh v. Hi phi dng mt in trng u c hng v ln bao nhiu a cc dy treo v v tr thng ng. Bi 7: Mt ht bi co q > 0, khi lng 10-6g cn bng trong in trng E c A B 3 2 phng thng ng, E = 10 V/m. Tnh in tch q? bit g = 10m/s . Bi 8: Mt qu cu mang in tch cn bng trong in trng di tc dng ca trng lc v lc in. t ngt ln ca cng in trng gim cn mt na (nhng phng, chiu ca ng sc khng i). Tnh thi gian qu cu di chuyn c 5cm trong in trng. Ly g = 10m/s2.

Dng 7: Tnh cng ca cc lc tc dng khi in tch di chuyn. Tnh in th v hiu in th.
Phng php:
AM q ( AM : cng ca lc in trng khi in tch q di chuyn t M ti rt xa v cc; V= 0) q in th gy ra bi in tch im tnh theo cng thc: V = k ( V=0) .r

in th ti mt im M trong in trng c tnh theo cng thc: VM =

in th gy ra bi h in tch im c tnh bi: V = V1 + V2 + Hiu in th: UMN = VM - VN =

AMN (AMN l cng ca lc in trng lm cho in tch q di q

chuyn t M n N) Cng ca lc in trng: A = qU Cng ca lc in ngoi: A = -A Th nng Wt ca in tch q ti M: Wt = qVM UMN = Ed BI TP

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Bi 1: C ba in tch im q1 = 15.10-9C, q2 = -12.10-9C v q3 = 7.10-9C t ti ba nh A, B, C ca tam gic u cnh 10cm. Tnh: a. in th ti tm O v ti chn H ca ng cao AH do ba in tch im gy ra. Cng cn thit electron chuyn ng t O n H. Bi 2: Hai in tch im q1 = 10-9C v q2 = 4.10-9C t cch nhau 9cm trong chn khng. Tnh in th ti im c cng in trng bng 0. Bi 3: Hiu in th gia hai im M, N trong in trng UMN = 100V. a. Tnh cng ca lc in trng khi mt electron di chuyn t M n N. b. Tnh cng cn thit di chuyn electron t M n N. Bi 4: di chuyn q = 10-4C t rt xa vo im M ca in trng, cn thc hin cng A = 5.10 -5J. Tm in th M (gc in th ). Bi 5: Hai in tch q1 = 5.10-6C v q2 = 2.10-6C t ti hai nh A, D ca hnh ch nht ABCD, AB = 30cm, AD = 40cm. Tnh: a. in th ti B v C A B b. Cng ca in trng khi q = 10-9C di chuyn t B n C Bi 6: Ti hai nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD vi AB = 80cm, AD = 60cm ta t hai in tch im q1 = -6.10-9C D C v q2 = 6.10-9C. Tnh hiu in th UCD. Bi 7: Ti A, B trong khng kh, AB = 8cm, ngi ta ln lt t hai in tch im q1 =10-8C, q2 = -108 C. a. Tnh in th ti O trung im AB v ti M vi MA AB, MA = 6cm. b. Tnh cng ca lc in trng khi in tch q = -10 -9C di chuyn t O n M theo qu o l mt na ng trn ng knh MO. Bi 8: Tnh cng cn thit hai ht proton n gn nhau 0,5m, bit rng lc u chng cch nhau 1m trong chn khng. Bi 9: hai qu cu kim loi t xa nhau. Qu cu 1 c bn knh 5cm v c tch in q 1 = 6.10-9C. qu cu 2 c bn knh l 15cm v q2 = -2.10-9C. ni hai qu cu bng mt dy dn mnh. Tm in tch trn mi qu cu sa v in lng chy qua dy ni. A C Bi 10: Cho ba bn kim loi phng A, B,C t song song nh B hnh v, d1 = 5cm, d2 = 8cm. Cc bn c tch in v in trng gia cc bn l u, c chiu nh hnh v vi ln: E1 E2 E1 = 4.104V/m, E2 = 5.104V/m. Chn gc in th ti bn A, tm in th VB, VC ca hai bn B v C. d1 d2 Bi 11: Ba im A, B, C to thnh mt tam gic vung ti C; AC = 4cm, BC = 3cm v nm trong mt in trng u. B Vecto cng in trng E song song vi AC, hng t E A n C v c ln E = 5000V/m. Tnh: A C a. UAC, UCB, UAB. b. Cng ca in trng khi mt electron di chuyn t A n B. Bi 12: Hai electron rt xa nhau cng chuyn ng li gp nhau vi cng vn tc ban u v 0 = 2.106 m/s. Hy xc nh khong cch r nh nht m hai electron c th tin li gn nhau. Bi 13: Mt vt nh khi lng m, mang in tch q c th trt khng ma st trn mt phng nghing AB = l hp A -q vi phng nm ngang gc . Ti chn ng cao AH xung mt phng ngang BC c t in tch +q. Tnh vn tc ca vt khi trt n B, bit vn tc ban u ti A B C bng khng. vn tc ny ging nh khi khng c in H +q

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tch q th bng bao nhiu? Bi 14: Mt qu cu bng kim loi c bn knh R = 10cm t trong chn khng mang in tch q = -108 C. Tnh: a. in th V0 ca qu cu. b. Cng cn thit a in tch q = 5.10-9C gn st mt cu n M (cch tm qu cu 15cm). Bi 15: Mt electron bay dc theo hng ng sc ca in trng u E vi vn tc ti A v vA = 5.106m/s, sau dng li ti B vi AB = d = 10cm (A, B u nm trong in trng). Tnh ln ca cng in trng E.

Dng 8: Chuyn ng ca in tch trong in trng u.

Phng php: 1. Gia tc:
a= F qE = ; m m
qE m qU m d

ln: a =

2. Chuyn ng thng bin i u a. Nhanh dn u: Nu ht in tch: Hoc c th ra khng c vn tc u. Hoc c vn tc u V0 cng hng vi F =q E . b. Chm dn u: Nu ht in tch c vn tc u V0 ngc hng vi F =q E . c. Chuyn ng cong Chn h trc ta vung gc xOy vi Ox E ; Oy// E V0 E

+
V0

Phng trnh chuyn ng:

x = V0.t 12 y= a t 2
vi a =
qE m = qU m d

Phng trnh qu o:
V0

y=

1 a 2 x 2 V02

xin gc vi E :

Phng trnh chuyn ng:

x = V0 c o .t s 12 y = a t+ V0 s i .n t 2

y
V0

Phng trnh qu o: y =

1 a x 2 + tg .x 2 (V0 cos ) 2

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(B qua trng lc. V lc in rt ln so vi trng lc) BI TP V0 Bi 1: Mt electron bt u bay vo in trng u E = E 2.103V/m vi vn tc ban u V0 = 5.106m/s theo hng ng sc ca E . a. Tnh qung ng S v thi gian t m electron i c cho n khi dng li. M t chuyn ng tip theo ca electron sau khi n dng li. b. Nu in trng ch tn ti trong khong l = 1cm dc theo ng i ca electron th Bi electron s in trng u thng ng ta nhiu khi ra khi in trng? tch in tri du t nm 2: to chuyn ng vi vn tc l bao dng hai bn kim loi phng ngang v cch nhau 10cm. gn bn trn c mt git thy ngn tch in nm l lng khi hiu in th gia hai bn l U. Hi nu hiu in th gia hai bn l U/2 (chiu in trng vn khng i) th git thy ngn s chm bn di vi vn tc l bao nhiu? Cho g = 10m/ s2.

T IN Dng 9: in dung ca vt dn c lp
Phng php:

in dung ca vt dn c lp:

d Q Q : ti e cc uvh na aa t n C= { V V : it ehc veu dna aa t n

BI TP Bi 1: 1. Tnh in dung ca qu cu kim loi c bn knh R c lp. 2. Mt qu cu kim loi mang in Q = 10-9C th c in th V = 200V. Tnh: a. in dung ca mt qu cu. b. in trng ti mt im gn mt qu cu (bn ngoi). Bi 2: Hai qu cu kim loi mang in t kh xa. Qu cu 1 c bn knh 10cm, mang in tch 10 -9C. Qu cu 2 c bn knh 15cm v mang in tch -6.10-10C. Ni hai qu cu bng dy dn mnh. Tnh in tch mi qu cu sau khi ni dy. Xc nh lng electron di chuyn qua dy dn v chiu ca n. Bit e = 1,6.10-19C.

Dng 10: Tnh in dung, in tch, hiu in th v nng lng ca t in phng.

Phng php: in dung: C =
C= Q U

S 9.10 9.4d

(F)

: hng s in mi
d: Khong cch gia 2 bn (m) S: Din tch i din mi bn (m2) Q: in tch t in (C) U: hiu in th gia hai bn (V)

Hiu in th gii hn L hiu in th ti a t vo 2 bn ca t m n vn hot ng bnh thng (in mi khng b nh thng). Nng lng t in
W= 1 1 1 Q2 QU = CU 2 = 2 2 2 C

(J)

Ch :

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in tch ca t khng i khi t b ngt ra khi ngun. Hiu in th khng i khi mc t vo ngun. BI TP Bi 1 (tth): Hai bn ca t in phng c dng hnh trn bn knh R = 30cm, khong cch gia hai bn l d = 5mm, gia hai bn l khng kh. a.Tnh in dung ca t. b. Bit rng khng kh ch cn cch in khi cng in trng ti a l 3.105V/m. Hi: Hiu in th gii hn ca t in? C th tch cho t mt in tch ln nht l bao nhiu t khng b nh thng? Bi 2(lhp): T in phng gm hai bn t hnh vung cnh 20cm t cch nhau 1cm, cht in mi gia hai bn l thy tinh c = 6 . Hiu in th gia hai bn l U = 50V. a. Tnh in dung ca t. b. Tnh in tch ca t. c. Tnh nng lng ca t in. T in c th dng lm ngun in c khng? Bi 3(lhp): T in phng khng kh c in dung C = 500pF c tch in n hiu in th U = 300V. a. Tnh in tch Q ca t in. b. Ngt t khi ngun. Nhng t in vo cht in mi c = 2. Tnh in dung, in tch v hiu in th ca t lc ny. c. Vn ni t vi ngun. Nhng t in vo cht in mi lng = 2. Tnh in dung, in tch, hiu in th lc ny ca t. Bi 4(tth): Mt t in (in mi l khng kh) c in dung l 0,2 F , c mc vo hai cc ca ngun in c hiu in th 200V. a. Tnh in tch ca t in. b. Ngt t ra khi ngun ri nhng c t in vo trong du ha c in mi = 2,1. Tnh hiu in th ca t by gi. Bi 5(tth): Mt t in c in dung 0,2 F , khong cch gia hai bn l 5cm c np in n hiu in th 100V. a. Tnh nng lng ca t in. b. Ngt t ra khi ngun. Tnh bin thin nng lng ca t khi dch 2 bn gn li cn cch nhau 1cm.

Dng 11: Ghp t in

Phng php: + Ghp ni tip C1 C2 Ghp song song C1

U1 U2 CC C= 1 2 C1 + C 2 Q1 = Q2 = Q = CU Q Q U1 = 1 ; U 2 = 2 C1 C2

U1 U2

+
C = C1 +C 2 U 1 =U 2 =U Q1 = C1U 1 ; Q2 = C 2U 2

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C2 1

BI TP Bi 1(tth): cho mch in nh hnh v: N C5 C1 = 12 F ; C2 = 4 F ; C3 = 3 F O + C4 = 6 F ; C5 = 5 F ; UAB = 50V. Tnh: A B a. in dung ca b t. M b. in tch v hiu in th mi t. C3 C4 c. Hiu in th gia M - N C1 C2 Bi 2(lhp): Cho b t mc nh hnh v: C1 = 1 F ; C2 = 3 F ; C3 = 6 F K C4 = 4 F ; UAB = 20V. Tnh in dung ca b t, + in tch v hiu in th mi t. Nu: A B a. K m b. K ng. Bi 3(lhp): T in phng khng kh, bn t trn c bn knh 48cm C3 C4 Cch nhau 4cm. Ni t vi hiu in th 100V. a. Tm in dung v in tch mi t, cng in trng gia hai bn t. b. Ngt t khi ngun ri a vo khong gia hai bn mt tm kim loi chiu dy 2cm. Tm in dung v hiu in th t. Kt qu th no khi tm kim loi rt mng. c. Thay tm kim loi bng mt tm in mi chiu dy 2cm hng s in mi = 7. Tm in dung v hiu in th ca t. Bi 4: