CÂU HỎI KIỂM TRA CƠ ĐIỆN

CU HI KIM TRA C IN Cu 1: M BO CHT LNG THI CNG, GIA CNG VT LIU, GIM ST VIN CH CN KIM TRA CHT LNG
G THNH PHM HAY PHI KIM TRA C CHT LNG CA THIT B THI CNG, GIA CNG? TI SAO? NU 03 V D MINH HA CHO VN NU TRN. 3,55 Cu 2: THIT B QUA S DNG MUN A VO S DNG TRONG CNG TRNH CN PHI T NHNG YU CU G ? 2,5 Cu 3: THIT B MI KHI A VO S DNG TRONG CNG TRNH CN PHI THA MN CC YU CU G ? 2,5 Cu 4: NU CC BC TIN HNH KIM TRA, NGHIM THU CC H THNG K THUT 2,5 Cu 5 NU TRNH T CC BC LP T IN M. 3,55 Cu 6: NU TRNH T CC BC LP T IN NI. 3,55 Cu 7: KHI LP T IN M, CN PHI LU NHNG VN G BO M CHT LNG CA H THNG ? 3,55 Cu 8: KHI LP T H THNG THOT NC CN PHI TH NGHIM I VI NHNG LOI NG NG NO, M T PHNG PHP TH I VI CC LOI NG NG THOT NC. 3,925 Cu 9: NU QUI TRNH LP T H THNG THOT NC PVS (THOT CU, THOT TIU, THOT NC RA), THOT NC MA CA CNG TRNH 2,5 Cu 10: NU QUI TRNH LP T H THNG CNG THOT NC, H GA, HM T HOI CA CNG TRNH 3,55 Cu 11: KHI LP T H THNG CP NC CA CNG TRNH CN PHI THC HIN CC CNG TC XY LP NO V S DNG CC TH NGHIM G. 3,55 Cu 12: KHI LP T H THNG H THNG CHNG ST CA CNG TRNH CN PHI THC HIN CC CNG TC XY LP NO V S DNG CC TH NGHIM G ? 3,55 Cu 13: KHI LP T H THNG H THNG NI T AN TON THIT B CA CNG TRNH CN PHI THC HIN CC CNG TC XY LP NO V S DNG CC TH NGHIM G ? 3,55 Cu 14: H THNG CHNG ST V H THNG NI T AN TON KHI LP T CN LU V MT AN TON NH TH NO ? 3,55 Cu 15: NU QUI TRNH LP T V NHNG KIM TRA TH NGHIM I VI H THNG BO CHY CA CNG TRNH. 3,55 Cu 16: NU QUI TRNH LP T V NHNG KIM TRA TH NGHIM I VI H THNG CHA CHY (CHA CHY VCH TNG, CHA CHY U PHUN T NG, CHA CHY TRC NG) CA CNG TRNH. 3,925
Cu 17: NU PHNG PHP TH KN NG NG CP NC CHA CHY BNG NC C P LC. 2,5 Cu 18: GIA CC H THNG PCCC C S LIN QUAN VI NHAU KHNG ? NU R V VN NY. 3,55 Cu 19: H THNG HKK TRUNG TM C CN PHI KIM TRA AN TON TRC KHI VN HNH CHNH THC HAY KHNG, THIT B CN PHI KIM TRA AN TON S C CC THNG S C BN NH TH NO ? 2,5 Cu 20: H THNG IU HA KHNG KH TRUNG TM BAO GM NHNG LOI NO ? 2,5 Cu 21: NU QUI TRNH VN HNH H THNG HKK TRUNG TM. 3,55 Cu 22: NHNG LOI NG NG NO NM TRONG H THNG HKK KHI LP T CN PHI TIN HNH BO N, M T RV TR CA N TRONG H THNG. 2,5 Cu 23: CN PHI X L CHNG RUNG V CHNG N CA H THNG HKK NH TH NO BO M T YU CU CHO S DNG ? 2,5 Cu 24: NU QUY TRNH LP T THANG MY. 3,55 Cu 25: CC VN CN LU KHI KIM TRA LP T THANG MY. 2,5 Cu 26: PHNG PHP TH TI THANG MY. 2,5 Cu 27: NU QUY TRNH LP T PHNG PHP KIM TRA, TH NGHIM I VI H THNG K THUT PH TR (IN THOI, NG TEN TRUYN HNH, CAMERA BOV, THNG TIN) 3,55 Cu 28: NHNG IM CN LU KHI LP T MY PHT IN. 3,55 Cu 29: NHNG IM CN LU KHI KIM TRA, TH NGHIM MY PHT IN V B O IN T NG ATS. 3,925 Cu 30: NU QUY TRNH LP T PHNG PHP KIM TRA, TH NGHIM H THNG CP NGUN TRUNG TH V MY BIN P (MBA). 3,55 Cu 31: NU QUI TRNH LP T, KIM TRA, TH NGHIM H THNG CP TR NG. 3,925
Cc bn dowload v nha tham kho http://www.mediafire.com/?ymcgdwlcyg3 Nu bc no quan tm th lin h bi sau mnh s upload cu tr li.
c cm n bi:
TUDUONG
chip2009, dduong, giapty, ikaka, LEMINHTHAI_ENGINEER, ruanhi, thanhcao87, tien_do.hy, vinhwach, windy, yoyo_ok
Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti TUDUONG Tm bi vit khc ca TUDUONG

Qung co
1. Hng dn ng k thnh vin v ly li mt khu (nu qun) 2. Hng dn vit bi, sau khi ng nhp thnh cng 3. Tng hp - Hng dn s dng din n 4. Vit Ting Vit khng du, vit cng mt ni dung nhiu chuyn mc --> s b leo ct in 30 ngy !!!
08-07-2008, 17:06 #2
quocphunortel
Thnh vin
cu 1: bo m cht lng thi cng gia cng vt liu,gim st vin ch cn kim tra cht lng thnh phm hay cng trnh hay c dng c thit b thi cng, ti sao?===> thc t th gim st phi kim tra tt c bo m : 1. thit b thi cng phi p ng tiu chn mi c th t
Thnh vin th: 13 Tham gia ngy: 21-03-2008 Bi gi: 32 cm n: 17 c cm n 38 ln trong 11 bi
c yu cu v k thut cho cng trnh bo m cho phn ca M&E thnh cng m cn bo m khng h hi cc thnh phn khc. 2. thit b thi cng phi bo m an ton nht l my ci phn c s dung in, gin gio VD: khi thu ph c s dng my hn th phi c CB ring bo m l ngt in cc b ch ci my hn m chy th coi chng i c khu vc thi cng. anh hng n i thi cng khc.
--------------- Webdien.Com ------- Ch k --------------EM TR LI, N HI HN XA..... 0909899405 c cm n bi:

quocphunortel
dqnghia, yoyo_ok
Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti quocphunortel Tm bi vit khc ca quocphunortel

11-07-2008, 17:41 #3
quocphunortel
Thnh vin
cu 2: thit b khi qua s dng mun a vo cng trnh th cn kim tra nhng g?==> Thit b c l nhng thit b s dng c th l mi s dng hoc s dng lu t lu. Tuy nhin chng ta cn bo m khi ua vo s dng thit b phi vn hnh tt, bo m cht lng khng b s c, v c bit phi c s chp thun ca ch u t. Theo ti mi thit b u c c im ring ca n v ngi c kinh nghim v n mi bit c. cn phi tha nhng iu kin sau y: + Thit b phi ng tiu chun bo m p ng v mt k thut ch khng th mng mt thit b t qu li thi s dn n khng hiu qu. Ci ny cn phi tnh ton li l nhm m bo v kinh t nu khng th nn mua my mi cho chc chn. + Phi test th thit b trong mt thi gian chng minh thit b cn bo m cht lng + Bo tr li thit b nh xem u ni hay nhng b phn lin kt ng + Phi xem thi gian mua thit b v xc nhn hay d don
thi gian s dng thit bi tnh ton khu hao thit b, xch nh thi gian s dng cn li. + Mt na v cng quan trng l quy trnh xut nhp, v cc giy t lin quan ti thit b cn c ch k ca ai, v phi nhp kho hay khng, lu tr nhng vn bn ny nh th no theo kinh nghim ca ti th mt giy t khi nhn nn scan n lu li l khi b mt n cn trong my tnh. ( y l nhng kin ch quan ca ring ti tt nhin s cn thiu nhiu lm mong b con b sung)
c cm n bi: thanhcao87, valent

quocphunortel

13-07-2008, 22:00 #4
jickepu
Mi gia nhp
Cu 1. m bo cht lng thi cng, gia cng vt liu, gim st vin (GSV) cn phi kim tra c cht lng thng phm ln cht lng ca thit b thi cng. V: Gia cng l mt phng thc hp tc sn xut gia cc n v kinh t, bn gia cng nhn t ca bn gia cng nhng nguyn vt liu sn xut theo nhng tiu chun c th do bn t hng ra. Do vy cng vic kim tra cht lng sn phm c tin hnh nhm xem li sn phm sn xut ra c ng tiu chun cht lng sn phm sn xut ra c ng vi tiu chun cht lng quy nh bng cch s dng cc phng php nh trc quan (nhn, nm, ngi), kim tra bng dng c, kim tra phn tch v kim tra t ng, trong cc x nghip cng nghip cng vic ny ch yu do phng kim tra k thut (gsv ) tin hnh c s tham gia ca cn b qun l v cng nhn.Phng kim tra cht lng thi cng gia cng trong x nghip c th kim tra cht lng vt liu a ti x nghip, qu trnh kim tra cng ngh, kim tra cc phn cu thnh ca sn phm v ton b sn phm. V d: 01. nh gi cht lng gia cng ch tc thnh phm qu: bao gm nh gi cht lng v ton b qu trnh thit k nguyn liu n mi da thnh hnh
--------------- Webdien.Com ------- Ch k --------------[JICK]epu c cm n bi:

jickepu
thanhtinh22422, valent
Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti jickepu Tm bi vit khc ca jickepu

16-07-2008, 21:34 #5
TUDUONG
Mi gia nhp
HOAN NGHNH CC BN RT NHIT TNH.MNH S GI CC BN 5 CU TR LI NHE http://www.4shared.com/file/55409741...a_co_dien.html CN TIP HI SAU PHN GII........
c cm n bi:
TUDUONG
hoangdaiphu97, ikaka, valent
Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti TUDUONG Tm bi vit khc ca TUDUONG

17-07-2008, 18:32 #6
nguyenlongdp
.:: Sng lp vin ::.
Gi dm bi cho bn n: CU TR LI KIM TRA C IN Cu 1: M BO CHT LNG THI CNG, GIA CNG VT LIU, GIM ST VIN CH CN KIM TRA CHT LNG THNH PHM HAY PHI KIM TRA C CHT LNG CA THIT B THI CNG, GIA CNG? TI SAO? NU 03 V D MINH HA CHO VN NU TRN. 3,55
Thnh vin th: 1 Tham gia ngy: 18-03-2008 n t: WebDien Co., Ltd Bi gi: 401 cm n: 633 c cm n 876 ln trong 234 bi
Tr li: Cn phi kim tra c cht lng ca thit b thi cng, gia cng bi v nu kim tra s loi tr c nhng nguyn nhn gy nh hng n cht lng trong cng tc gia cng cng nh
trong cng tc kim tra th nghim. 1,15 V d 1: Khi gia cng ren ng ng STK ca h thng cha chy, cn phi kim tra cc li taro bo m khng b mn, b gy. Nu cc li taro khng bo m s lm cho cc ng ren b gip, gy, nt nh hng nhiu n bn, kn ca mi ghp ren; 0,8 V d 2: Khi hn nu s dng que hn b m s sinh ra bt kh lm cho mi hn b bt, r bn trong, nh hng n cht lng ca mi ghp; 0,8 V d 3: Khi s dng thit b o o in tr ni t chng st, cn phi chc chn rng cc thit b ny cn bo m tin cy ( c kim nh hoc cn mi). V tr s o ca in tr ni t chng st v ni t an ton thng nh d c sai s. 0,8 Cu 2: THIT B QUA S DNG MUN A VO S DNG TRONG CNG TRNH CN PHI T NHNG YU CU G ? 2,5 Tr li: C cht lng cn li 80% so vi nguyn thy; 0,5 Mc tng tiu hao nhin liu, nng lng 10% so vi nguyn thy; 0,5 Phi bo m an ton, v sinh lao ng v khng gy nhim mi trng; 0,5 Phi c cc h s nhp khu hng ha, th tc hi quan; 0,5 Phi c chng th gim nh cht lng hng ha ca t chc gim nh. 0,5 Cu 3: THIT B MI KHI A VO S DNG TRONG CNG TRNH CN PHI THA MN CC YU CU G ? 2,5 Tr li: Phi c catalog; 0,6 Phi c chng ch xut xng; 0,6 Phi c cc h s nhp khu hng ha, th tc hi quan; 0,6 Phi c chng th gim nh cht lng hng ha ca t chc gim nh. 0,7 Cu 4: NU CC BC TIN HNH KIM TRA, NGHIM THU CC H THNG K THUT 2,5 Tr li: Kim tra, chp thun mu vt t, thit b trc khi lp t; 0,6 Kim tra, th nghim, nghim thu cc cng tc xy lp: lp t ng ng, ng dy, lp t thit b; 0,6 Kim tra nghim thu vn hnh thit b khng ti; 0,6 Kim tra nghim thu vn hnh thit b c ti; 0,7 Cu 5 NU TRNH T CC BC LP T IN M. 3,55
Tr li: nh du v tr t cc thit b nh n, cng tc, cm trn copha sn; 0,4 t ng gia 2 lp ct thp (nu sn dy 100 200mm) v trn lp ct thp (nu sn dy 100mm) ti cc v tr t n, cng tc, cm; Ti mi tm sn : cp ngun cho n ng in i xung / cp ngun cho cm- ng in i ln; 0,4 i ng, hp m trn tng; 0,4 Kim tra thng ng v lun t dy mi; 0,4 Lun dy in vo ng in t sn; 0,45 u ni dy v o thng mch, o in tr cch in; 0,5 Lp t thit b; 0,5 Vn hnh c ti thit b, o dng ti v in p. 0,5
--------------- Webdien.Com ------- Ch k ------------------------------------------------------------Mi lin h xin gi: 0977.960.960 ( Mr.Long) Yahoo: nguyenlongdp Email: info@webdien.com
-----------------------------------------------c cm n bi:
nguyenlongdp
tdkhai2812, valent
Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti nguyenlongdp Tm bi vit khc ca nguyenlongdp

13-08-2008, 14:23 #7
quocphunortel
Thnh vin
Bc TUDUONG cho hi quy trnh lp t in ni th c 2 loi: Loi 1 l lp t in ri gn thch cao ln. Loi 2 th ni hon ton( loi ny th chc kh lm y) bc c th chia s kinh nghim vi anh em c ch?
c Thanks bi:
quocphunortel
valent

03-10-2008, 15:02 #8
quocphunortel
Thnh vin
hi sau ca bc t dng thy lu qu. mnh xin post mt s cu tr li do mnh t tm ti thi nh: cu 7: KHI LP T IN M, CN PHI LU NHNG VN G BO M CHT LNG CA H THNG ? Hng dn: Cch lp t ng ng khng kim loi dn dy in t ngm theo ng tiu chun. Hiu v bit cch s dng cc ph kin ng ng. II.PHM VI: p dng cho tt c mi cng trng thi cng. Tt c cc loi ng ny c th t c ti cc ni kh, m, t, rt t, c bi v trong cc mi trng n mn ha hc, cn dng t dy in ngoi tri hoc bo v cp in trong lp t c tnh cht n mn. Khi t trong nh th nhit mi trng xung quanh khng c vt qu 60C. III.TRCH NHIM: Ban ch huy cng trng (BCHCT) phi hng dn yu cu cng nhn, k c ca Thu ph tun th Hng dn cng vic ny khi thc hin cng tc lp t cc ng ngm. IV.HNG DN: A. YU CU K THUT: 1.Ch cho php t ngm ng bng plytylen v plyprpylen ln nn khng chy c. 2.Cho php t ngm cc ng viniplat trn cc nn khng chy, kh chy v c th chy c. Khi t ngm theo cc tng d chy, phi bo m lp va bao xung quanh ng ng c chiu dy khng nh hn 15mm. 3.Cc ng ng t ngm khng c c nhng vt lm hay nhng khuyt tt khc, mi ni gia cc ng phi c bo m chc chn, khng gy tr ngi cho vic i dy sau ny. 4.Cch ni ng: - Chiu di ca tt c cc loi ng ny gn bng 3000 mm, pha trong ca u ng c vt cnh. Vic ni ng khng kim loi c th thc hin bng cc ng ni (coupling) hoc bng ming loa. - Vic ni cc ng viniplat c tin hnh nh keo dn, cn cc ng bng plytylen v plyprpylen th hn vo trong cc ng ni hay p nng vo ming loa. thc hin ch chuyn hng ca tuyn ng ng phi s
dng nhng ng ni gc c bit vi cc bn knh cong khc nhau. - Cc hp ni ng: Vic ni v phn nhnh dy dn c tin hnh trong cc hp ni phn nhnh, cc ng c ni vo hp ni nh cc ng ni c ren hoc khp ni trn hp ni. - Nguyn tc b tr ng ng ngm: - trnh vic ng ng dn dy in t ngm b h hi do ng inh, khoan l, (th d: treo nh, v.v), cn thc hin cc quy cch n nh nh sau: - ng ng dt ngm ch c t theo chiu thng ng hoc chiu ngang. - Trng hp tiu chun nn s dng cc vng lp t u tin sau y: + Vng lp t ngang: 0,3m di trn hon thin; 0,3m trn nn nh hon thin hoc 1,0m cch nn nh hon thin trong cc phng c tng lm vic, th d: bp, + Vng lp t thng ng: 0,15 m cch cnh tng th (nh: ca, ca s), hoc cch gc nh. - i vi cc phng tm c bn tm hoc khay tm vi sen cn gi mt vng bo v an ton: Trong khong cch l 0,6 m tnh t ming bn theo chiu ngang v tnh t nn nh ln cao 2,20 m khng c (hoc gii hn) t ng ngm i dy dn in. B. DNG C V G: 1.Dng c ly du, thc ko. 2.My ct rnh, ba nh, c. 3.Ko ct ng, l xo un ng, keo dn (hoc dng c hn ni ng). 4.Dy mi. other: Trong cng trnh dn dng cng nh cng nghip, dy in cn phi c bo v trong iu kin tt nht c th. Do , vic cho ra i ng nha dng lun dy in m hoc ni l mt gii php mi trong vic thi cng v lp t h thng in. Trn th trng hin nay c cc loi ng lun ph bin nh sau: ng lun trn, ng lun dt, ng lun n hi (rut g). Ty theo cch lp t m chng ta chn mt trong ba loi ng lun trn. s dng mt cch an ton v hiu qu, bn nn ch mt s im sau: Nhng iu nn: - ng lun trn thng c s dng lun dy in m tng, lun trong sn btng, ni i hi chu p lc cao. Do vy, bn nn b tr ng lun sao cho khng nh hng n kt cu btng ca cng trnh. - Nn s dng ng lun ng mc ch s dng nh ng lun dy in ch s dng cho ngnh in, khng nn s dng
dn nc, dn gas... - Nn s dng ng lun ng tiu chun. Hin nay c cc nhn hiu ng lun c uy tn v ng cht lng l AC, Comet, Clipsal... cc sn phm ng lun ny c kim tra rt kht khe v chu va p, chu nn v kh nng chng chy cao. - Trc khi lp t ng lun, chng ta cn tnh ton chn dy dn in sao cho kch c ng lun ph hp vi s lng dy dn lun trong . - Nn s dng cc dng c chuyn dng ct ng, un cong hay lun dy in vo ng. - i vi dy in lp ni th nn dng ng lun dt. ng lun dt c thit k rt thun tin cho vic lp t v sa cha cng nh m bo m quan ca kin trc. - Lp t ng lun nhng ni c nhit cho php, ph hp vi tiu chun ca ng lun. - Vi h thng dy dn in lp t nhng ni nh trn laphng, trn thch cao, tng gch ng... bn nn s dng ng lun n hi v loi ny c trng lng nh v mm do d un mi hnh dng. Mt khc ng n hi thng c gi r hn cc loi ng lun khc. Nhng iu khng nn: - Khng nn lun dy in qu cht vo ng lun. V nh vy bn khng th lun dy in thm vo khi c nhu cu ci to hay nng cp h thng in. - Khi sa cha nh, bn trnh my khoan hay thit b c btng lm b ng lun. - i vi ng lun lp ni, khng mc hoc treo bt c vt g nng ln trn ng. - ng lun lp ni phi c lp kn, v cc khong h s l ni tr n ca cn trng. - Khng s dng ng lun km cht lng, d gy ra h hng nh b, gy, mp ng, chu lc km... Vic s dng ng lun dy in m tng hay lp ni, khng nhng m bo an ton cho dy in lun bn trong m cn tng thm m cho cng trnh v cho nh bn. Cu 20: H THNG IU HA KHNG KH TRUNG TM BAO GM NHNG LOI NO ? 2,5 Cu 21: NU QUI TRNH VN HNH H THNG HKK TRUNG TM. 3,55 Cu 22: NHNG LOI NG NG NO NM TRONG H THNG HKK KHI LP T CN PHI TIN HNH BO N, M T RV TR CA N TRONG H THNG. 2,5
Cu 23: CN PHI X L CHNG RUNG V CHNG N CA H THNG HKK NH TH NO BO M T YU CU CHO S DNG ? 2,5 11.1.1 Chn phng php cp dch dn lnh La chn phng php cp dch cho dn lnh c ngha rt quan trng n hiu qu lm vic, kh nng thu hi du.. C cc phng php cp dch ch yu sau : - Cp dch bng tit lu trc tip - Cp dch kiu ngp dch t bnh gi mc - Cp dch bng bm dch 11.1.2.1 Phng php cp dch tit lu trc tip Phng php cp dch tit lu trc trung gian no (hnh 11-1). Mi cht lnh sau tit lu i trc tip vo dn lnh khng qua cc khu trung gian nn tn tht nhit thp. y l phng php n gin, khng i hi phi c cc thit b khc i km, chi ph u t thp. Phng php tit lu trc tip c th s dng van tit lu tay v van tit lu t ng. Nhng van tit lu tay ch nn s dng tit lu trc tip cho cc h thng c ch nhit n nh lu di. i vi cc h thng hot ng khng n nh, ph ti lun bin ng khng nn s dng van tit lu tay, v c th gy ngp dch khi ph ti gim, nhit bung lnh thp. 385 ________________________________________ Page 2 Tuy nhin, iu chnh lu lng hp l theo ph ti thc t, ch nn s dng van tit lu t ng v cng sut ca van phi tng ng vi ph ti ca h thng. Trong trng hp s dng van tit lu tay hoc s dung van tit lu t ng nhng c cng sut ln hn s rt nguy him khi ph ti nhit bn ngoi thay i. Khi ph ti nhit gim, rt d gy ra ngp lng. 1
2 3 4 1- Dn lnh; 2- Qut dn lnh; 3- Cm van tit lu; 4- X nc ngng Hnh 11-1 : Phng php tit lu trc tip Phng php tit lu trc tip thng c s dng cho cc dn lnh nh, ph ti nhit khng ln, v d nh h thng lnh my iu ho, kho lnh thng nghip, kho bo qun, kho ch ng vv i vi cc h thng cng sut ln, phng php ny t ra hiu qu thp, trong nhiu trng hp dn lnh thiu mi cht trm trng lm cho thi gian lm lnh tng ln ng k, c bit cui dn lnh. Mt khc do mi cht trong dn lnh ch yu th hi nn hiu qu trao i nhit khng cao, i vi h thng lm lnh nhanh ngi ta t s dng kiu cp dch ny. 386 ________________________________________ Page 3 11.1.2.2 Phng php cp dch kiu ngp lng t bnh gi mc Phng php cp dch kiu ngp lng t bnh gi mc c s dng cho cc thit b bay hi i hi lu lng mi cht v ph ti nhit ln, thi gian lm lnh tng i nhanh (hnh 11-2). Thit b bay hi trong h thng lnh cp dch kiu ngp lng lun lun cha ngp lng lng bo ho. Dch lng c cp trc tip t bnh gi mc xung nh ct p thu tnh. m bo cung cp dch lng y cho dn lnh, mc dch ti thiu trong bnh gi mc lun c duy tr. Do trong dn lnh lun lun ngp dch lng nn hiu qu trao i nhit kh ln so vi hi bo ho khi tit lu trc tip, gim ng k thi gian lm lnh. Tuy nhin, phng php ny c mt s nhc im : - Phi trang b thm bnh gi mc v cc thit b khc i km (van phao, van an ton, ng h p sut, van chn vv..) nn chi ph u t tng ln ng k.
- Lng mi cht s dng trong h thng tng do trong qu trnh hot ng mt lng ln tch t ti bnh gi mc. - Chuyn ng ca mi cht trong dn bay hi l chuyn ng i lu t nhin, nh ct p thu tnh nn tc kh thp. Tc ph thuc vo tc ho hi ca mi cht trong dn lnh. Nu tc ho hi chm th ko theo tc lun chuyn chm. Do tc mi cht bn trong dn lnh chm nn hiu qu trao i nhit cng khng thc s cao v thi gian lm lnh vn cn di. i vi h thng i hi thi gian lm lnh ngn nh cc h thng cp ng nhanh phng php ny khng m bo yu cu k thut. - Vng tun hon mi cht gia dn lnh v bnh gia mc l ring bit so vi h thng, hu nh khng chu tc ng ca my nn m ch ph thuc tc ho hi dn lnh, nn rt kh can thip thay i tc . Nu tc lm lnh chm th vng lun chuyn cng chm theo. 387 ________________________________________ Page 4 1- Dn lnh, 2- Bnh gi mc Hnh 11-2 : Phng php tit lu ngp lng Phng php cp dch kiu ngp lng thng s dng cho cc h thng sau y : - My cy v my vy. - T cp ng tip xc (thi gian lm lnh 4-5 gi/m) - Thit b lm lnh nc ch bin v iu ho khng kh trong cc nh my ch bin thc phm - Mt s thit b cp ng I.Q.F Mc d bn trong dn lnh l mi cht lng, nhng do tc chuyn ng chm nn trong cc h thng lm lnh nhanh hoc siu tc phng php cp dch t bnh gi mc khng m bo yu cu nn ngi ta bt buc s dng phng php i lu cng bc nh bm. 11.1.2.3 Phng php cp dch bng bm cp dch tng tc chuyn ng ca dch lng tun hon trong dn
lnh, nng cao hiu qu gii nhit, gim thi gian lm lnh, ngi ta s dng phng php cp dch bng bm. Phng php ny c s dng dng trong cc thit b cp ng lnh nhanh. S d cp dch bng bm th hiu qu trao i nhit rt cao v thi gian lm lnh gim l v 2 l do sau : - Mi cht trong dn lnh trng thi lng c nhit rt thp. 388 ________________________________________ Page 5 - Mi cht lng chuyn ng cng bc vi tc ln. DP v m y n n Hnh 11-3 : Phng php cp dch bng bm Tuy nhin s dng bm cp dch cho dn lnh c nhc im ch c mt lng lng khi qua dn lnh s ho hi, mt lng ln sau dn lnh khng kp ho hi nn kh nng ngp lng rt ln nu ht trc tip v my nn ngay. Trong trng hp ny bt buc phi c bnh cha h p. Bnh cha h p c chc nng va l ni cha lng cho bm cp dch hot ng n nh va l thit b tch lng v hi sau dn lnh. 11.1.2 La chn thit b ngng t chn thit b ngng t ph hp vi tng h thng c th, chng ta cn nm r cc c im ca tng loi thit b ngng t. Cc h thng lnh ln thng s dng cc thit b ngng t sau y: - Dn ngng khng kh - Bnh ngng ng chm nm ngang - Dn ngng t bay hi - Dn ngng kiu ti 389 ________________________________________ Page 6 Bng 11-1 : Phm vi ng dng ca cc thit b ngng t STT Loi thit b ngng t Phm vi s dng 1 Bnh ngng t
- Bnh ngng t nm ngang ng thp - Bnh ngng ng ng - H thng NH 3 v frn cng sut trung bnh v ln: T ng, kho cp ng, my . - H thng lnh frn cng sut nh, trung bnh v ln: Kho lnh, kho cp ng, kho ch ng, my , my iu ho khng kh 2 Dn ngng t bay hi - H thng lnh cng sut ln v rt ln: My , t cp ng, h thng lnh I.Q.F, h thng lnh nh my bia, h thng lnh trung tm, c bit hay s dng trong cc h thng NH 3 cng sut ln. - Ni ngun nc khan him, phi s dng nc thu cc hoc nc ngm qua x l. 3 Dn ngng kiu ti - Dng trong cc h thng cng sut trung bnh v ln, ni cht lng ngun nc khng tt (sng, ao, h), khu vc xa dn c, ven sng, h. - H thng s dng: My cy 4 Dn ngng khng kh - Dng cho h thng lnh cng sut nh v trung bnh, c bit cc h thng lnh, mi cht frn - H thng s dng: Kho lnh, kho ch ng, h thng iu ho khng kh . 5 Dn ng lng ng - Dng trong cc h thng nh, c bit h thng lnh frn , trong cc my iu ho khng kh 390 ________________________________________ Page 7
11.1.3 Chn mi cht lnh La chn mi cht lnh hp l l mt trong nhng vn rt quan trng khi thit k cc h thng lnh. - Mi cht amnic NH 3 l mi cht lnh khng gy ph hu tng zn v hiu ng nh knh, c th ni NH 3 l mi cht lnh ca hin ti v tng lai. Hin nay hu ht cc h thng lnh trong cc nh my ch bin thu sn (tr kho lnh bo qun), trong cc nh my bia u c thit k s dng mi cht NH 3 . c im ca NH 3 l rt thch hp i vi h thng ln v rt ln, do nng sut lnh ring th tch ln. Cc h thng lnh my cy, my vy, kho cp ng, t cp ng cc loi v dy chuyn I.Q.F, h thng lm lnh glycol trong nh my bia u rt thch hp khi s dng NH 3 . Nhc im ca NH 3 l lm hng thc phm v n mn kim loi mu nn khng ph hp khi s dng cho cc h thng nh. Tuyt i khng nn s dng NH 3 cho cc kho lnh bo qun, v c im ca NH 3 l c v lm hng thc phm, nu xy ra r r mi cht bn trong cc kho lnh th rt kh pht hin, khi pht hin th qu tr. Khc vi cc thit b cp ng, my hot ng theo m, hng ho ch a vo lm lnh trong mt thi gian ngn, mi ln lm lnh s lng hng khng ln lm, cc kho lnh hot ng lu di, hng ho c bo qun hng thng, c khi c nm tri, trong qu trnh xc sut r r rt ln, ngha l ri ro rt cao. Mt
khc kho lnh l ni tp trung mt khi lng hng rt ln, hng trm thm ch nghn tn sn phm. Gi tr hng ho trong cc kho lnh cc k ln, nu xy ra r r mi cht NH 3 vo bn trong cc kho lnh, hng ho b hng cc x nghip c th s b ph sn. Vic thit k k cc kho lnh s dng NH 3 l cha ng nhiu nguy c v ri ro cho doanh nghip. - i vi h thng nh , trung bnh nn s dng mi cht lnh frn + Mi cht R134a l mi cht thay th thch hp nht cho R 12 , n c s dng cho cc h thng lnh cng sut rt nh nh t lnh gia nh, my iu ho cng sut nh, my iu ho xe hi vv.. v nng sut lnh ring th tch nh. 391 ________________________________________ Page 8 + Mi cht lnh R 22 c s dng ch yu cho cc h thng lnh nh v trung bnh, v d trong cc my iu ho cng sut trung bnh v ln (t 24.000 Btu/h tr ln) , mi cht R 22 cng rt thch hp cc kho lnh bo qun, kho lnh thng nghip, kho ch ng v cc h thng lnh cng sut ln khc nh t ng, my n l. Hin nay v trong tng lai gn ngi ta s dng R404A hoc R407C thay cho R22. Trc mt nc ta cn c th s dng R22 n nm 2040. u im ni tri khi s dng l khng lm hng thc phm, khng c nn c s dng cho cc kho lnh bo qun, khng
n mn kim loi mu nh ng nn thit b gn nh v rt ph hp cc h thng lnh trong dn dng nh iu ho, cc t lnh thng nghip. 11.1.4 Chn du my lnh Cht lng v c tnh ca du c nh hng n tui th ca my nn. Trong mi trng hp cng phi chn loi du tt nht. Khi t s nn, nhit u y khng cao, du tiu hao mc bnh thng m than bm nhiu vng cch ca van x (dischage valve cage) hay cc b phn chuyn ng chng mn th cn kim tra: 1. Trong du c ln tp cht hay khng 2. Phm cht ca du 3. Du c ph hp vi my hay khng Phn on phm cht ca du l rt kh m ch c th xc nh thng qua s dng. Do vy nn s dng loi du ca cc nh hiu c uy tn c nh cung cp gii thiu. Khng nn cho rng du tt nu gi cao. Nhng thng s quan trng ca du l im ng c thp, im bt la cao, nht t thay i khi nhit thay i. Bo qun du cn thn trnh lt m, bi vo bn trong du. Khng nn s dng tu tin du. Khi cn thay du cn c s gp ca nh sn xut. 392 ________________________________________ Page 9 11.2 Lp t h thng lnh 11.2.1. Lp t cc thit b 11.2.1.1 Lp t my nn lnh * Yu cu i vi phng my - Cc phng my tt nht nn b tr tng trt, cch bit hn khu sn xut, trnh nh hng xu n qu trnh ch bin thc phm. - C y trang thit b phng chy, cha chy, mt n phng c, dng c thao tc vn hnh, sa cha, cc bng ni quy, quy trnh
vn hnh v an ton chy, n. - Gian my phi m bo thng thong, c b tr cc lam v ca s thng gi, khng gian b tr my rng ri, cao ro ngi vn hnh d dng i li v thao tc, x l. Ca chnh l ca 02 cnh m ra pha ngoi, cc thit b o lng, iu khin phi nm v tr thun li thao tc, d quan st. M gian my c t nht 02 ca. - B tr gian my phi tnh n t gy nh hng n sn xut nht. - sng trong gian my phi m bo trong mi hon cnh , ban ngy cng nh ban m ngi vn hnh my d dng thao tc, c cc thng s. - Nn phng my m bo cao ro, trnh ngp lt khi ma bo c th lm h hi my mc thit b. - Nu gian my khng c thng gi t nhin tt, c th lp qut thng gi, m bo khng kh trong phng c trong lnh, nhit thi t cc m t c thi ra bn ngoi. * Lp t my nn - a my vo v tr lp t : Khi cu chuyn cn ch ch c mc vo cc v tr c nh sn, khng c mc tu tin vo ng, thn my gy try xc v h hng my nn. - Khi lp t my nn cn ch n cc vn : thao tc vn hnh, kim tra, an ton, bo tr, tho d, thi cng ng ng, sa cha, thng gi v chiu sng thun li nht. - My nn lnh thng c lp t trn cc b mng b tng ct thp (hnh 11-4). i vi cc my nh c th lp t trn cc khung 393 ________________________________________ Page 10 st hoc ngay trn cc bnh ngng thnh 01 khi nh cc cm my lnh water chiller. B mng phi cao hn b mt nn ti thiu 100mm, trnh b t bn khi v sinh gian my. B mng c tnh
ton theo ti trng ng ca n, my c gn cht ln nn b tng bng cc bu lng chn sn, chc chn. Kh nng chu ng ca mng phi t t nht 2,3 ln ti trng ca my nn k c mt. - B mng khng c c lin vi kt cu xy dng ca to nh trnh truyn chn ng lm hng kt cu xy dng. chn ng khng truyn vo kt cu xy dng nh khong cch ti thiu t b mng n mng nht t nht 30cm. Ngoi ra nn dng vt liu chng rung gia mng gia mng my v mng nh. - Cc bu lng c nh my vo b mng c th c sn trong b tng trc hoc sau khi lp t my ri chn vo sau cng c. Phng php chn bu lng sau khi lp my thun li hn. Mun vy cn sn cc l c kch thc ln hn yu cu, khi a thit b vo v tr , ta tin hnh lp bu lng ri sau cho va xi mng vo c nh bu lng (xem hnh 11-4). 60 0 20 0 20 0 10 00 10 0 100 12 00 1450 125 125 1700 100 100 150 B tng ct thp M200 St
8, a=200 Nn gian m y L p b tng d m 4x6, M150 Nn t m k Hnh 11-4: Mng cm my nn kho lnh 394 ________________________________________ Page 11 - Nu t my cc tng trn th phi t trn cc b chng rung v b qu tnh (hnh 11-5). - Sau khi a c my vo v tr lp t dng thc level kim tra mc nm ngang, kim tra mc ng trc ca dy ai. Khng c c y cc dy ai vo puli, nn ni lng khong cch gia mt v my nn ri cho dy ai vo, sau vn bu lng y bn trt. Kim tra cng ca dy ai bng cch n nu thy lng bng chiu dy ca dy l t yu cu. Khi thay nn thay c b dy ai, khng nn dng chung c ln mi v khng tng xng d lm rung bt thng, gim tui th ca dy. Khng c cho du, m vo dy ai. Khi thay cc dy ai mi th sau 48 gi lm vic cn kim tra li cng ca cc dy ai v nh k kim tra, c bit khi thy cc dy ai chuyn ng khng u. Khng c cho du m vo dy ai lm hng dy. 4 3 2 1 1- Nn nh; 2- B l xo gim chn; 3- B qu tnh; 4- Cm my lnh Hnh 11-5: Gim chn cm my khi t cc tng lu C th kh cc truyn ng ca my nn theo ng ng bng cch s dng ng mm ni vo my nn theo tt c cc hng, c bit cn ch ti cc gi ng. 395
________________________________________ Page 12 11.2.1.2 Lp t panel kho lnh, kho cp ng Hu ht cc kho lnh bo qun v kho cp ng hin nay u s dng cc tm panel polyurethan c ch to theo cc kch thc tiu chun. B rng ca cc tm panel thng l 300mm, 600mm, 1200mm. V vy khi thit k cn chn kch thc kho thch hp : kch thc b rng, ngang phi l bi s ca 300mm. Cc panel sau khi sn xut u c bc lp ni lng bo v trnh xy xc b mt trong qu trnh vn chuyn, lp t. Lp ni lng ch nn c d ra sau khi lp t hon thin v chy th kho, m bo thm m cho v kho. 1. Lp t panel kho lnh Panel kho lnh c lp t trn cc con ln thng gi. Cc con ln thng gi c xy bng b tng hoc gch th, cao khong 100200mm m bo thng gi tt trnh ng bng lm hng panel. B mt cc con ln dc v hai pha 2% trnh ng nc. So vi panel trn v tng, panel nn do phi chu ti trng ln ca hng nn s dng loi c mt cao hn, kh nng chu nn tt. Cc tm panel nn c xp vung gc vi cc con ln thng gi. Khong cch hp l gia cc con lng khong 300500mm. Cc tm panel c lin kt vi nhau bng cc mc kho gi l camlocking c gn sn trong panel, v th lp ghp rt nhanh, va st v chc chn.. Panel trn c gi ln cc tm panel tng i din nhau. Khi kch thc kho qu ln cn c khung treo panel, nu khng panel s b vng. Sau khi lp t xong cc khe h gia cc tm panel c lm kn bng cch phun silicon hoc sealant. Do c s bin ng v nhit nn p sut trong kho lun thay i, cn bng p bn trong v bn ngoi kho, ngi ta gn trn tng cc van thng p.
Nu khng c van thng p th khi p sut trong kho thay i s rt kh khn khi m ca hoc ngc li khi p sut ln ca s b t ng m ra. 396 ________________________________________ Page 13 gim tn tht nhit khi m ca, ngay ca kho c lp qut mng dng ngn cn lung khng kh thm nhp vo ra. Mt khc do thi gian xut nhp hng thng di nn ngi ta c b tr trn tng kho 01 ca nh, kch thc 600x600mm ra vo hng. Khng nn ra, vo hng ca ln v nh th tn tht nhit rt ln. Ca kho lnh c trang b b cht t m chng nht ngi, ci bo ng, b in tr sy chng ng bng. Do kh nng chu ti trng ca panel khng ln, nn cc dn lnh c treo trn b gi v c treo ging ln x nh nh h thng tng , dy cp. 2. Lp t kho (hm) cp ng Do hng cp ng a vo kho t trn cc xe ti trng lng kh ln nn nn c xy dng ging nh kho xy. Cc tm panel cng c lin kt vi nhau nh kho lnh bo qun nh cc kho camlocking. Pha bn trong hm cp ng c h thng knh hng gi v palet bo qun panel trnh xe va p lm thng lp tn bo v. 11.2.1.3 Lp t thit b ngng t Khi lp t thit b ngng t cn lu n vn gii nhit ca thit b, nh hng c nhit ngng t n xung quanh, kh nng thot mi cht lng v bnh cha gii phng b mt trao i nhit. - mi cht lnh sau khi ngng t c th t chy v bnh cha cao p, thit b ngng t thng c lp t trn cao, trn cc b b tng, cc gi hoc ngay trn bnh cha thnh 01 cm m ngi ta thng gi l cm condensing unit. - V tr lp t thit b ngng t cn thong mt cho php d
hngvti con ngi v qu trnh sn xut. * i vi bnh ngng t ng chm n dng thot c nhit ra mi trng xung quanh, khng gy nh m ngang. i gn, tuy nhin khi lp cn lu dnh cc khong h hai u bnh c th Bnh ngng t nm ngang c cu to tng 397 ________________________________________ Page 14 v sinh bnh trong thi k bo dng. Cc on ng ng nc gii nhit vo ra bnh d dng tho d khi v sinh. Khi din tch trao i nhit ca bnh F = 200 400m 2 ng knh ng dn lng phi d > 70mm. Khi din tch 2 nh hn 200m th d > 50 p t trn cc b b tng nc c th b cun theo gi hoc bn c, thang tro ln nh dn. y b cha nc dc ch dc. Dn ngng t kiu ti c lp t ngay trn b nc tun d dng thot nhit ra mi trng, ng khng kh thng dn ngng u c lp t trn cc t trc tip, cn c khng gian thot gi ln. mm. i vi bnh ngng thun li cho vic tun hon mi cht lnh, bt buc phi c ng cn bng ni vi bnh cha. Bnh ngng cn c trang b ng h p sut v van an ton vi p sut tc ng 19,5kG/cm 2 . Cc np bnh v ni cc ng nc vo ra phi c cc van x air. Bnh ngng c sn mu . * Dn ngng t bay hi Dn ngng t bay hi thng c l t ngoi tri. Khi hot ng, ra t b cha nc, v th nn t dn xa cc cng trnh xy dng t nht 1500mm. Dn ngng t bay hi c trang b van x nc y, van
phao t ng cp n chy kit nc khi v sinh. u ht bm c li chn rc. Pha trn dn ngng t c cc ca v sinh v thay th cc u phun ca dn phun nc. Chn nc lp trn cng dng d * Dn ngng kiu ti hon. B t ni thong mt v khng gy nh hng ti xung quanh. Pha di b nc c t cc tm li tre tng cng qu trnh tn nhit. * Dn ngng khng kh : Khi lng ni chung ca cc dn ng khng ln, v th i b phn cc gi t ngoi tri. Do hiu qu trao i nhit thng khng ln nn khi lp cn lu trnh b bc x nhi 398 ________________________________________ Page 15 11.2.1.4. Lp t thit b bay hi. Thit b bay hi c nhiu dng, mi mt dng c nhng cch lp t khc nhau. * Dn lnh xng c Dn lnh xng c ch yu c s dng lm lnh nc mui trong cc my cy v lm lnh cc loi cht lng cho cc mc ch khc nhau. Khi lp dn lnh xng c phi ngp hon ton trong cht lng cn lm lnh. Nn b tr dn lnh gia b mui qu trnh trao i nhit c nhanh v t tn tht nhit. Thng ngi ta b tr dng nc chy theo chiu t nh n chn ca cc ng trao i nhit. Cp dch t pha di v hi i ra pha trn. * Dn lnh khng kh Dn lnh khng kh c s dng trong cc h thng kho lnh, kho cp ng, h thng cp ng gi v I.Q.F Khi lp t cn lu hng tun hon gi sao cho thun li v thch hp nht. Tm vi ca gi thot ra dn lnh khong 10m khi chiu di ln cn b tr thm dn lnh hoc lp thm h thng knh dn gi trn u ra ca dn lnh.
Khi lp dn lnh cn phi khong h pha sau dn lnh mt khong t nht 500mm. ng thot nc dn lnh phi dc, u ra nn c chi tit c ngng ngn khng kh nng trn vo kho, gy ra cc tn tht nhit khng cn thit. * Bnh bay hi Bnh bay hi c s dng lm lnh cht lng nh glycol, nc, nc mui. Bnh thng c lp t bn trong nh t trn cc gi bng b tng. 11.2.1.5. Lp t cc thit b khc - Bnh tch du: Bnh tch du c lp t ngay sau u y ca my nn v thng lp t trn cao trong phng my. Nhit bnh rt cao nn lp t n v tr thong gi gii nhit c tt. 399 ________________________________________ Page 16 - Bnh tch lng: Bnh tch lng lm vic nhit thp nn phi bc cch nhit. Khc vi bnh tch du, bnh tch lng thng lp t ngoi gian my, trn cao ngay trn bung lnh. - Bnh tch kh khng ngng c lp t trn cao kh khng ngng t dn ngng c th i ln , thc hin lm lnh tch phn mi cht cn li trc khi thi ra ngoi. - Cc bnh trung gian, bnh thu hi du, bnh cha cao p, bnh cha h p thng c lp t ngay trong gian my thun li cho vic lp t ng ng v vn hnh. Tt c cc bnh u c lp t trn cc b mng b tng chc chn, cao hn nn phng my t nht 100mm. 11.2.2. Lp t ng 11.2.2.1 Lp t ng ng mi cht Trong qu trnh thi cng v lp t ng ng mi cht cn lu cc im sau: - Khng c bi bn, rc lt vo bn trong ng ng. Loi b cc u nt ng, trnh b st rt nguy him. - Khng c ng ln thit b, ng ng, dng ng mi
cht by di di thit b, cc vt nng ln ng, - Khng dng gi hoc vt liu x, mm lau bn trong ng v x vi st li gy tc b lc my nn. - Khng nc lt vo bn trong ng, c bit mi cht frn. ng trc khi lp t cn ni kh ro, trong phng, tt nht nn ng trn cc gi cao ro, chc chn. - Khng ta, gi thit b ln cc cm van, van an ton, cc tay van, ng mi cht - i vi ng ng frn phi ch hi du, ng ht t nghing. - Cc ng ng trong trng hp c th nn lp t trn cng mt cao , b tr song song vi cc tng, khng nn i cho t gc ny n gc khc lm gim m quan cng trnh. 400 ________________________________________ Page 17 1. ng dn NH 3 - Vt liu : Thp p lc C20 - Kch c ng ng Bng 11-2 : Qui cch ng ng thp p lc K hiu 10A 15A 20A 25A 32A 40A Kch c 15x2,5 21x3 27x3 34x3,5 38x3,5 51x3,5 K hiu 50A 65A 80A 90A 100A 125A Kch c 60x3,5 76x4 89x4 104x5 108x5 140x7 - Hn ng ng : Trc khi hn cn v sinh k, vt mp theo
ng quy nh. V tr im hn phi nm ch d dng kim tra v x l. - Un ng : Bn knh cong un ng ln ng khng b bp khi un. Khi un phi s dng thit b un ng chuyn dng hoc s dng ct c sn. Khng nn s dng ct un ng v ct ln bn trong nguy him. - Cch nhit : Vic bc cch nhit ch c tin hnh sau khi kt thc cng vic th kn v th bn h thng. Cch nhit ng ng thp l styrofor hoc polyurethan. Chiu dy ln khng ng sng thng nm trong khong 50 200mm, tu thuc kch thc ng ng, ng cng ln cch nhit cng dy. Cc lp cch nhit ng ng nh sau: Sn chng r, Lp cch nhit, giy du chng thm v ngoi cng l lp inox hoc nhm bc thm m. Chiu dy c th cch nhit ph thuc vo kch thc ng ng v nhit lm vic cho bng 11-3 di y. Bng 11-3: Chiu dy cch nhit ng ng mi cht Chiu dy cch nhit, mm Thit b - 40 o C - 33 o C - 28 o C - 15 o C - 10 o C - Bnh bay hi - B lm lnh khng kh v thit b ph 200250 150200 150200
150200 125150 125150 401 ________________________________________ Page 18 - ng c ng knh d > 200mm - ng c ng knh d = 50 200 mm - ng c ng knh d < 50mm 150 100150 75100 100150 100125 50 100 100 75 50 - Sn ng : ng ng NH 3 c quy nh sn mu nh sau : Bng 11-4: Mu sc ng ng mi cht Mi cht lnh ng ng NH 3 Frn - ng ht (p sut thp) Mu xanh da tri Mu xanh l cy - ng y (hi cao p) Mu Mu - ng dn lng Mu vng Mu nhm - ng nc mui Mu xm Mu xm - ng nc lm mt Mu xanh l cy Mu xanh da tri Cc lu khi lp t ng ng + Cc ng ng khi lp t phi ch du v dch lng khi dng my khng t chy v my nn, mun vy ng ng thng ng t my nn ln ng gp phi i vng ln pha trn ng gp.
+ Trng hp nhiu cm my chung mt dn ngng trnh nh hng qua li gia cc my nn u y phi lp t van 1 chiu. Ngoi ra van 1 chiu pha u y cn c tc dng ngn nga lng ngng t chy ngc v my nn v p lc cao pha dn ngng t khng tc ng lin tc ln clpp my nn lm cho n chng hng. 402 ________________________________________ Page 19 Hnh 11-6 : Lp t ng ng vo ra my nn + Ni chung cc ng ht ca cc my nn trong cc h thng lnh trung tm u c lp vi nhau, c bit cc my c ch nhit bay hi khc nhau bt buc phi tch bit. Ngoi tr trng hp dng chung mt vi my nn cho mt h thng hoc c tnh n vic thay th ln nhau khi sa cha v bo dng. Tuy nhin gia cc ng ht cng nn c cc van thng ng ht c th tr gip ln nhau khi mt trong cc my trn b ngp lng. - Kch c ng ng lp t Cc thit b chnh, c bit my nn khi thit k ngi ta tnh ton kch thc ng ng vo ra hp l. V vy khi lp t c th cn c vo cc ng m xc nh kch thc ng ng. Tuy nhin, tt nht l phi tnh ton kim tra theo cng thc di y. ng knh trong ca ng ng c xc nh theo cng thc: . .4V d t = (11-1) trong : V Lu lng mi cht chuyn ng qua ng ng, m 3 /s; 403
________________________________________ Page 20 V = G.v = G/ (11-2) G Lu lng khi lng chuyn ng qua ng ng, kg/s; , v - Khi lng ring (kg/m 3 ) v th tch ring ca mi cht trng thi khi chuyn dch qua ng ng, m 3 /kg; - Tc mi cht chuyn ng trn ng ng, m/s. Tc mi cht c chn theo bng 11-5 . t 01 t 02 Hnh 11-7 : Lp t h thng nhiu my nn nhiu nhit bay hi 2. Lp t ng Frn - Vt liu : ng thp hoc ng ng. Tt nht nn s dng ng ng v mi cht lnh frn c tnh ty ra cao, vi cc ng ng b mt bn trong thng bng v sch hn, trong khi b mt ng st thng b hoen r v d bi bi bm bn nn trong qu trnh vn hnh cc bi bn hoc vt hoen r s b cun theo dng mi cht gy tc van tit lu hoc lc c kh. - i vi mi cht frn cn m bo bn trong ng lun lun kh ro, trnh tc m. - Vic hn ng ng bng cc que hn bc 404 ________________________________________ Page 21 - Ct ng bng dao ct ng chuyn dng hoc dao ct c rng nh. - i vi mi cht lnh frn do ho tan du nn du i theo mi cht n dn lnh kh nhiu v ng li. V th hi du d dng ngi ta thng cp dch t pha trn, mi cht ra dn lnh t pha di v pha sau dn lnh thng c by du. Mt khc ng
ng ht phi nghing dn v my nn du c th t chy v. Bng 11-5: Tc mi cht trn ng ng, m/s , m/s STT ng ng NH 3 R 12 R 22 ,R 502 1 ng ng y 15 25 7 12 8 15 2 ng ng ht 15 20 5 10 7 12 3 ng cp lng 0,5 2 0,4 1,0 0,4 1,0 4 Nc mui 0,3 1,0 5 Nc 0,5 2,0 11.2.2.2 Lp t ng ng nc ng ng nc trong cc h thng lnh c s dng : Gii nhit my nn, thit b ngng t, x bng, nc ch bin v x nc ngng cc loi. - ng ng nc gii nhit v x bng s dng ng thp trng km, bn ngoi sn mu xanh nc bin. - i vi nc ngng t cc dn lnh v cc thit b khc c th s dng ng PVC, c th bc hoc khng bc cch nhit, tu v tr lp t. - ng nc ch bin nn s dng ng inox bc cch nhit * ng ng gii nhit my nn Trong cc h thng lnh NH 3 v R
22 nhit u y kh ln nn np my nn v du c nhit kh cao. ng ng nc lnh ln gii nhit cho my nn v b gii nhit du. Bng 11-6 di 405 ________________________________________ Page 22 y l lu lng nc gii nhit yu cu cho cc my nn lnh MYCOM tng ng vi nhit nc gii nhit. Bng 11-6: Lu lng nc gii nhit my nn MYCOM, L/pht My nn MYCOM Nhit nc 2A 4A 6A 8A 4B 6B 8B 12B 12-4B 20 O C 18 20 24 28 30 32 38 44 50 30 O C 26 30 37 43 40 47 55 66 75 Trng hp gii nhit cc my b tr song song cn phi lp
u vo cc my van chn iu chnh lng nc thch hp cho cc my. Trong trng hp vn hnh t ng, c th lp van in t t ng cp nc gii nhit cho cc my nn khi h thng lm vic. 11.2.3 Lp t thit b ph, o lng, iu khin v bo v 11.2.3.1 Lp t van chn Cc van chn h thng lnh cn c lp t ti v tr d thao tc, vn hnh, c th nm trn ng nm ngang hoc thng ng. Khi nm trn on ng nm ngang th phi lp cc tay van ln pha trn. Khong h cc pha ca van thao tc v sa cha, tho lp van khi cn. Phng php ni van ch yu l hn v ni bch. i vi van ni bch cn lu s dng cc m kn thch hp. i vi van ni bng phng php hn, khi hn trnh khng van qu nng lm hng ron bn trong van. V th khi hn c th tho cc b phn chnh ca van hoc qun bng gi nhng nc gim nhit phn thn van. 406 ________________________________________ Page 23 Trn thn van c mi tn ch chiu chuyn ng ca mi cht, cn ch v lp t ng chiu. Trng hp trn mt bnh c nhiu van, cc van cn lp thng hng v ngay pha trn cc bnh. Khng nn lp van v tr qu cao kh thao tc vn hnh. 11.2.3.2 Lp t van in t Li st ca van in t chuyn ng ln xung nh sc ht ca cun dy v trng lc, nn van in t bt buc phi c lp t trn on ng nm ngang. Cun dy ca van in t nm ln pha trn. Do van in t l thit b hay b chy hng thng xuyn v cn phi c thay th, nn trc v sau van in t phi b tr cc van chn, nhm c lp van in t khi cn thit thay th
hoc sa cha. 11.2.3.3 Lp t van tit lu t ng Van tit lu t ng c lp t trn ng cp dch vo dn lnh. Vic chn van tit lu phi ph hp vi cng sut v ch nhit ca h thng. Trong trng hp chn cng sut ca van ln th khi vn hnh thng hay b ngp lng v ngc li khi cng sut ca van nh th lng mi cht cung cp khng cho dn lnh nh hng nhiu n nng sut lnh ca h thng. - Khi lp t van tit lu t ng cn ch lp t bu cm bin ng v tr quy nh, c th nh sau : + t ng hi ra ngay sau dn lnh v m bo tip xc tt nht bng kp ng hay nhm, trnh nh hng ca nhit bn ngoi cn bc cch nhit bu cm bin cng ng ht c bu cm bin. + Khi ng ht nh th t bu ngay trn ng ht, nhng kh ng ln hn 18mm th t v tr 4 gi. + Khng c qun hoc lm dp ng mao dn ti bu cm bin. 407 ________________________________________ Page 24 11.3 TH NGHIM H THNG LNH 11.3.1 p sut th Theo qui nh, p sut th cc thit b p lc nh sau: p sut th kn bng p sut lm vic, p sut th bn bng 1,5 ln p sut lm vic. Trn c s c th tin hnh th p sut cc thit b theo cc s liu nu cc bng di y. * Ti ni ch to : Bng 11-7: p sut th kn v th bn p sut th, bar H thng lnh Pha Th bn bng cht lng Th kn bng cht kh H thng NH
3 v R 22 Cao p H p 25 16 16 10 H thng R 12 Cao p H p 24 15 16 10 * Ti ni lp t Bng 11-8: p sut th kn v th bn p sut th, bar H thng lnh Pha Th bn bng cht kh Th kn bng cht kh H thng NH 3 v R 22 Cao p H p 25 15 18 12 H thng R 12 Cao p H p 24 15 15 10 th cc h thng lnh thng ngi ta s dng : Kh nn, kh CO 2
hoc N 2 . - i vi h thng NH 3 khng c s dng CO 2 v gy phn ng ho hc. 408 ________________________________________ Page 25 - i Frn khng c dng khng kh v hi nc trong khng kh gy tc m. - Khi dng khng kh th trong h thng NH 3 th phi s dng 01 my nn ring, khng c s dng my nn lnh nn to p sut v nhit u y qu ln lm chy du my lnh. im t bc chy ca ndu my lnh khong 180200 o C, nu nn khng kh t 16 o C ln 10 kG/cm 2 nhit c th t 260 o C vt qu nhit t bc chy ca du. - Khi ni vi bnh N 2 khng c ni trc tip m phi qua 01 van gim p. - Khi th phi ng cc van ni vi cc r le p sut HP, LP v OP nu khng c th lm hng thit b. - Khi nn kh th nu nhit kh nn tng cao phi dng ngay cho kh nn ngui ri nn tip, khng c cho nhit tng cao. - i vi mch c cc van in t, van tit lu t ng th phi m thng mch bng tay (Manual circuit), i vi mch t ng mun thng mch phi m van in t bng tay. - Sau khi th m van x thi bi ra ngoi. Nu h thng frn th dng bm chn khng ng thi x nc ra
ngoi. - Sau khi ht chn khng t 700mmHg cn th chn khng bng cch ngm nh vy trong 24 gi. Nu p sut ln t hn 5mmHg coi nh t yu cu. Cn lu trng hp s dng R 22 , khi nhit ln 135140 o C nu thnh phn hi nc trn 100 ppm s c s thu phn (hydrolize) to nn axit clohydric v axit florhydric lm gim cht lng du, n mn ng ng, n mn chi tit my lnh gy nn hng hc. 11.3.2. Qui trnh th nghim 1.3.2.1 Th bn Th bn h thng c tin hnh nh sau : - Chun b th : C lp my nn, ngt p k u ht, m van (tr van x), ni bnh kh (hoc N 2 ) qua van gim p. 409 ________________________________________ Page 26 - Nng p sut h thng t t ln p sut th bn cho pha cao p v h p - Duy tr p sut th trong vng 5 pht ri gim dn ti p sut th kn Tuy nhin cn lu , my nn v thit b c th bn ti ni ch to ri nn c th khng cn th bn li ln na, m ch th h thng ng ng, mi hn. 1.3.2.2. Th kn - Nng p sut ln p sut th kn. - Duy tr p lc th trong vng 24 gi. Trong 6 gi u p sut th gim khng qu 10% v sau khng gim. - Tin hnh th bng nc x phng. Kh nng r r trn ng ng nguyn rt t xy ra v th nn kim tra cc mi hn, mt bch, ni van trc. Nu th ht m khng pht hin vt x h m p sut
vn gim th c th kim tra trn ng ng. Khi khng pht hin c ch r r cn khoanh vng kim tra. Mt iu cn lu l p sut trong h thng ph thuc nhiu vo nhit mi trng, tc l ph thuc vo gi trong ngy, v vy cn kim tra theo mt thi im nht nh trong ngy. Khi pht hin r r cn loi b p lc trn h thng ri mi x l. Tuyt i khng c x l khi p lc vn cn. Ch sau khi th xong hon chnh khng pht hin r r mi tin hnh bc cch nhit ng ng v thit b. 11.3.3. Ht chn khng Vic ht chn khng c tin hnh nhiu ln mi m bo ht kit khng kh v hi m c trong h thng ng ng v thit b. Duy tr p lc 50 75mmHg (tc chn khng khong 700mmHg) trong 24 gi, trong 6 gi u p lc cho php tng 50% nhng sau khng tng. 410 ________________________________________ Page 27 11.4 Np mi cht cho h thng lnh 11.4.1 Xc nh s lng mi cht cn np np mi cht trc ht cn xc nh lng mi cht cn thit np vo h thng. Vic np mi cht qu nhiu hay qu t u nh hng n nng sut v hiu qu ca h thng. - Nu np mi cht qu t : Mi cht khng cho hot ng bnh thng ca h thng dn n dn lnh khng mi cht, nng sut lnh h thng gim, ch lm lnh khng t (thi gian ko di, nhit khng t..). Mt khc, nu thiu mi cht lu lng tit lu gim do qu nhit tng lm cho nhit u y tng ln. - Nu np mi cht qu nhiu: bnh cha khng cha ht dn n mt lng lng s nm thit b ngng t, lm gim din tch trao i nhit, p sut ngng t tng, my c th b qu ti. C nhiu phng php xc nh lng mi cht cn np. Tuy nhin trn thc t cch xc nh hp l v chnh xc nht l xc nh lng mi cht trn tng thit b khi h thng ang hot ng. mi
mt thit b mi cht thng tn ti 2 trng thi : Pha trn l hi, di l lng, r rng khi lng mi cht trng thi lng mi ng k cn khi lng mi cht trng thi hi khng ln, nn ch cn xc nh lng lng thit b khi h thng ang hot ng ch nhit bnh thng. Sau c th nhn thm 1015% khi tnh n mi cht trng thi hi. Theo kinh nghim s lng phn trm cha mi cht lng trong cc thit b c th nh sau : - Bnh cha cao p : 20% - Bnh trung gian nm ngang : 90% - Bnh trung gian kiu ng : 60% - Bnh tch du : 0% - Bnh tch lng : 20% - Dn lnh lm vic theo ch ngp lng : 80 100% - Dn lnh cp dch theo kiu tit lu trc tip : 30% 411 ________________________________________ Page 28 - Thit b ngng t : 10% - Bnh cha h p : 60% - ng cp dch : 100% - Bnh gi mc lng : 60% Khi lng mi cht trng thi lng trn ton h thng : G 1 = a i .V i . i (11-3)
a i - S lng phn trm khng gian cha lng tng thit b, % V i - Dung tch ca thit b th i, m 3 i - Khi lng ring ca mi cht lng trng thi ca thit b th i, kg/m 3 Khi lng mi cht ca h thng nhiu hn lng mi cht G 1 do cn mt lng mi cht trng thi hi cc thit b, lng ny chim 10 15% lng lng. V th lng mi cht cn np l : G=G 1 .k (11-4) k - H s d phng tnh ti lng mi cht trng thi hi cc thit b. 11.4.2. Np mi cht cho h thng lnh C 02 phng php np mi cht : Np theo ng ht v np theo ng cp dch 11.4.2.1. Np mi cht theo ng ht Np mi cht theo ng ht thng p dng cho h thng my lnh nh. Phng php ny c c im : - Np trng thi hi, s lng np t, thi gian np lu. 412 ________________________________________ Page 29 - Ch p dng cho my cng sut nh. - Vic np mi cht thc hin khi h thng ang hot ng. Cc thao tc : - Ni bnh mi cht vo u ht my nn qua b ng h p sut - Dng mi cht ui ht khng kh trong ng ni - M t t van ni mi cht i theo ng ng ht v h thng. Hnh 1-8 : S np mi cht dng hi theo ng ht Theo di lng bng bm trn thn my, kim tra dng in ca my nn v p sut u ht khng qu 3 kG/cm 2
. Nu p sut ht ln th c th qu dng Khi np mi cht ch khng c cho lng b ht v my nn gy ra hin tng ngp lng rt nguy him. V th u ht ch c ni vo pha trn ca bnh, tc l ch ht hi v my nn, khng c dc ngc hoc nghing bnh trong khi np v tt nht bnh mi cht nn t thp hn my nn. Trong qu trnh np c th theo di lng mi cht np bng cch t bnh mi cht trn cn a. 413 ________________________________________ Page 30 11.4.2.2. Np mi cht theo ng cp dch Vic np mi cht theo ng cp dch c thc hin cho cc h thng ln. Phng php ny c cc c im sau : - Np di dng lng, s lng np nhiu, thi gian np nhanh - S dng cho h thng ln. Trn hnh 11-9 l s np mi cht theo ng cp dch, c s dng rt ph bin trn thc t. n dn bay hi b c a d a)- Bnh mi cht; b- B ng h np mi cht; c- Bnh cha; d- B lc m Hnh 11-9 : S np mi cht dng lng theo ng cp dch - Bnh thng cc van (1), (2) v (3) m, cc van (4) v (5) ng, mi cht c cp n dn bay hi t bnh cha cao p. - Khi cn np mi cht, ng van (1) v (4), mi cht t bnh mi cht i theo van (5), (2) vo b lc, ra van (3) n thit b bay hi. - Khi thay th, sa cha hoc bo dng b lc, h thng vn hot ng c, ng cc van (2), (3) v (5) mi cht t bnh cha qua van (1) v van (4) n dn bay hi. Trong trng hp ny vn c th np thm mi cht bng cch ng cc van (1), (2) v (3), m cc van (4) v (5). Mi cht t bnh
np i qua van (5) v (4) vo h thng. 414 ________________________________________ Page 31 11.5 VN HNH H THNG LNH 11.5.1 Chun b vn hnh - Kim tra in p ngun khng c sai lch nh mc 5% : 360V < U < 400V - Kim tra bn ngoi my nn v cc thit b chuyn ng xem c vt g gy tr ngi s lm vic bnh thng ca thit b khng. - Kim tra s lng v cht lng du trong my nn. Mc du thng phi chim 2/3 mt knh quan st. Mc du qu ln v qu b u khng tt. - Kim tra mc nc trong cc b cha nc, trong thp gii nhit, trong b dn ngng ng thi kim tra cht lng nc xem c m bo yu cu k thut khng. Nu khng m bo th phi b b sung nc mi, sch hn. - Kim tra cc thit b o lng, iu khin v bo v h thng - Kim tra h thng in trong t in, m bo trong tnh trng hot ng tt. - Kim tra tnh trng ng m ca cc van : + Cc van thng ng : van x y cc bnh, van np mi cht, van by-pass, van x kh khng ngng, van thu hi du hoc x b du, van u ho cc h thng, van x air. Ring van chn ng ht khi dng my thng phi ng v khi khi ng th m t t. + Tt c cc van cn li u trng thi m. c bit lu van u y my nn, van chn ca cc thit b o lng v bo v phi lun lun m. + Cc van iu chnh : Van tit lu t ng, r le nhit, r le p sut vv... Ch c ngi c trch nhim mi c m v iu chnh. 415 ________________________________________ Page 32
11.5.2 Vn hnh Tu thuc vo tng h thng c th m qui trnh vn hnh c khc nhau. Tuy nhin trong hu ht cc h thng lnh c thit k thng c 02 ch vn hnh : Ch vn hnh t ng (AUTO) v ch vn hnh bng tay (MANUAL). - Ch t ng: H thng hot ng hon ton t ng, trnh t khi ng c ngi thit k nh sn. Ch ny c u im hn ch nhng sai st ca ngi vn hnh. Tuy nhin ch t ng cc thit b nh hng, khng ch qua li vi nhau nn khng th tu tin thay i c. - Ch bng tay: Ngi vn hnh cho chy c lp cc thit b . Khi chy ch ny, i hi ngi vn hnh phi c kinh nghim. Ch chy bng tay ch nn s dng khi cn kim tra hiu chnh cc thit b hoc khi cn chy mt thit b ring l no m thi. 1.5.2.1 Cc bc vn hnh t ng AUTO - Bt Aptomat tng ca t in ng lc, aptomat ca tt c cc thit b ca h thng cn chy. - Bt cc cng tc chy cc thit b sang v tr AUTO - Nht nt START cho h thng hot ng. Khi cc thit b s hot ng theo mt trnh t nht nh. - T t m van chn ht ca my nn. Nu m nhanh c th gy ra ngp lng, mt khc khi m qu ln dng in m t cao s qu dng, khng tt. - Lng nghe ting n ca my, nu c ting g bt thng, km sng bm nhiu u ht th dng my ngay. - Theo di dng in my nn. Dng in khng c ln qu so vi qui nh. Nu dng in ln qu th ng van chn ht li hoc thc hin gim ti bng tay. Trong cc t in, giai on du mch chy sao, h thng lun lun c gim ti, nhng giai on ny thng rt ngn. 416 ________________________________________
Page 33 - Quan st tnh trng bm tuyt trn carte my nn. Tuyt khng c bm ln phn thn my qu nhiu. Nu ln qu th ng van chn ht li v tip tc theo di. - Tip tc m van chn ht cho n khi m hon ton nhng dng in my nn khng ln qu quy nh, tuyt bm trn thn my khng nhiu th qu trnh khi ng xong. - Bt cng tc cp dch cho dn lnh, bnh trung gian v bnh cha h p (nu c) - Kim tra p sut h thng: + p sut ngng t NH 3 :P k < 16,5 kG/cm 2 (t k < 40 o C) R 22 :P k < 16 kG/cm 2 R 12 :P k < 12 kG/cm 2 + p sut du P d =P h + (23) kG/cm 2 - Ghi li ton b cc thng s hot ng ca h thng. C 30 pht ghi 01 ln. Cc s liu bao gm : in p ngun, dng in cc thit b, nhit u y, u ht v nhit tt c cc
thit b, bung lnh, p sut u y, u ht, p sut trung gian, p sut du, p sut nc. So snh v nh gi cc s liu vi cc thng s vn hnh thng ngy. 1.5.2.2. Cc bc vn hnh bng tay (MANUAL) - Bt Aptomat tng ca t in ng lc, aptomat ca tt c cc thit b ca h thng cn chy. - Bt cc cng tc chy cc thit b nh bm, qut gii nhit, b cnh khuy, qut dn lnh, thp gii nhit vv.. sang v tr MANUAL. Tt c cc thit b ny s c chy trc. - Bc cng tc gim ti my nn sang MANUAL gim ti trc khi chy my. - Nhn nt START cho my nn hot ng. - M t t van chn ht v quan st dng in my nn nm trong gii hn cho php. 417 ________________________________________ Page 34 - Bt cng tc cp dch dn lnh, bnh trung gian, bnh cha h p (nu c) ng thi quan st v theo di cc thng s nh ch AUTO. - Sau khi m hon ton van chn ht, nhng cc thng s nh dng in, p sut ht, bm tuyt bnh thng th tin hnh ghi li cc thng s vn hnh, c 30 pht ghi 01 ln. 11.5.3. Dng my 1.5.3.1 Dng my bnh thng * H thng ang hot ng ch t ng - Tt tt c cc cng tc cp dch cho dn lnh, bnh cha h p, bnh trung gian. - Khi p sut P h < 50cmHg th nhn nt STOP dng my hoc i cho rle p sut thp LP tc ng dng my. - ng van chn ht my nn - Sau khi my ngng hot ng c th cho bm gii nhit hoc qut dn ngng chy thm 5 pht gii ht nhit cho dn ngng bng cch bt cng tc chy bm, qut sang v tr MANUAL - Ngt aptomat ca cc thit b - ng ca t in
* H thng ang hot ng ch bng tay - Tt tt c cc cng tc cp dch cho dn lnh, bnh cha h p, bnh trung gian. - Khi p sut P h < 50cmHg th nht nt STOP dng my. - Bt cc cng tc chy bm, qut sang v tr OFF dng chy cc thit b ny. - ng van chn ht - Ngt cc aptomat ca cc thit b - ng ca t in 1.5.3.2. Dng my s c Khi c s c khn cp cn tin hnh ngay lp tc: - Nht nt EMERENCY hoc STOP dng my 418 ________________________________________ Page 35 - Tt aptomat tng ca t in - ng van chn ht - Nhanh chng tm hiu v khc phc s c Cn lu : + Nu s c r r NH 3 th phi s dng mt n phng c x l s c. + Cc s c p sut xy ra, sau khi x l xong mun phc hi chy li cn nhn nt RESET trn t in. + Trng hp s c ngp lng th khng c chy li ngay. Bn c th s dng my khc ht kit mi cht trong my ngp lng ri mi c th chy li tip. Trng hp khng c my nn khc th phi nh vy cho mi cht t bc hi ht hoc s dng my nn bn ngoi rt dch trong cacte my ngp lng. 1.5.3.3. Dng my lu di dng my lu di cn tin hnh ht nhiu ln ht kit mi cht trong dn lnh v a v bnh cha cao p. Sau khi tin hnh dng my, tt aptomat ngun v kho t in. 11.6 MT S THAO TC TRONG QU TRNH VN HNH 11.6.1 X bng dn lnh Khi bng bm dn lnh qu nhiu hiu qu lm lnh km do bng to nn lp cch nhit, ng gi i b tc, lm chy
qut gi, lm ngp lng my nn. V vy phi thng xuyn x bng cho dn lnh. x bng c 2 phng php: Quan st trc tip trn dn lnh nu thy bng bm nhiu th tin hnh cng vic x bng, quan st 419 ________________________________________ Page 36 dng in qut dn lnh, nu ln hn tr s quy nh th thc hin x bng. C 3 phng thc x bng : Dng in tr, mi cht nng v dng nc Qu trnh x bng qua 3 giai on : 1.6.1.1. Rt mi cht dn lnh Rt kit mi cht trong dn lnh: iu ny rt quan trng, v nu mi cht cn tn ng nhiu trong dn lnh, khi x bng s bc hi v u ht my nn v ngng t li thnh lng, khi khi ng my li s gy ra hin tng ngp lng, rt nguy him. Rt mi cht cho ti khi p sut trong dn bay hi t chn khng P ck = 600mmHg th c th coi t yu cu. Thi gian x bng c t sn nh r le thi gian, i vi mi mt h thng nn quan st v t cho ph hp va ht kit mi cht l c. 1.6.1.2. X bng Qu trnh x bng dn lnh din ra trong vng 15 30 pht tu thuc vo tng thit b c th v phng thc x bng. Trong giai on ny c th quan st thy nc bng tan chy ra ng thot nc dn lnh. Trong qu trnh x bng cc qut dn lnh phi dng trnh thi bn nc x bng tung to trong bung lnh. Thi gian x bng cng cn chnh l cho ph hp thc t, khng nn ko di qu lu, gy tn
tht lnh khng cn thit. C th ngng giai on x bng bt c lc no chuyn sang giai on sau bng cch nhn nt dng x bng trn t in. 1.6.1.3. Lm kh dn lnh Sau khi x bng xong, dn lnh vn cn b t, nht l khi dng nc x bng. Nu cho h thng hot ng li ngay nc bm trn dn lnh s lp tc ng li to nn mt lp bng mi. V vy cn tin hnh lm kh dn lnh trc khi khi ng li. Giai on 420 ________________________________________ Page 37 ny cc qut dn lnh lm vic, h thng x bng dng. Thi gian lm kh thng t 10 pht. 11.6.2 X kh khng ngng Kh khng ngng lt vo h thng lm cho p sut ngng t cao nh hng n bn v hiu qa lm vic ca h thng. Khi quan st thy p sut ngng t cao hn bnh thng, kim ng h p sut rung mnh th trong h thng b lt kh khng ngng. Kh khng ngng c th lt vo h thng do r r pha h p hoc lt vo cc thit b trong qu trnh sa cha, bo dng. Vic x kh khng ngng trong h thng c trang b bnh x kh khng ngng khc vi trong h thng khng trang b thit b ny. Kh khng ngng thng tch t nhiu nht ti thit b ngng t, mt khc nh qu trnh gii nhit , nn qu trnh tch kh din ra t nhiu thit b ny. Kh khng ngng c ln mi cht c ly t thit b ngng t dn ln bnh tch kh khng ngng. y hn hp c lm lnh tch phn mi cht cn ln trc khi x kh khng ngng ra ngoi. 1.6.2.1. H thng khng c bnh x kh khng ngng Qu trnh x kh khng ngng thc hin trc tip t thit b ngng t v thc hin theo cc bc sau: - Cho dng h thng lnh.
- Bt cng tc chy bm, qut gii nhit sang v tr MANUAL gii nhit thit b ngng t, tip tc ngng lng mi cht cn tch t thit bi v chy v bnh cha. Thi gian lm mt khong 15 20 pht. - Ngng chy bm, qut v ng cc van c lp thit b ngng t vi h thng. - Tin hnh x kh khng ngng trong thit b ngng t. Quan st p sut thit b ngng t, khng nn x qu nhiu mi ln. Cn ch 421 ________________________________________ Page 38 d qu trnh lm mt c lu nh th no th trong kh khng ngng vn ln mt t mi cht lnh. V vy i vi h thng NH 3 kh x phi c a vo b nc nc hp th ht NH 3 ln v kh, trnh gy nh hng i vi xung quanh. 1.6.2.2 H thng c bnh x kh khng ngng Qu trnh x kh khng ngng trong trng hp h thng c thit b x kh khng ngng ch c th tin hnh khi h thng ang hot ng. Tuy nhin hn ch lu lng mi cht tun hon khi x khi nn tt cp dch dn lnh. - Cp dch lm lnh bnh x kh khng ngng. - M thng ng ly kh khng ngng t thit b ngng t n bnh x kh khng ngng kh khng ngng i vo thit b x kh - Sau mt thi gian lm lnh thit b x kh ngng t ht mi cht cn ln, tin hnh x kh ra ngoi. 11.6.3 Ngp lng v x l ngp lng Phn ln cc s c my nn l do ngp lng. 11.6.3.1. Ngp lng : Ngp lng l hin tng ht dch lng v my nn. Do trng thi lng khng th nn c nn nu my nn ht lng vo xi lanh th khi nn my nn s b hng, nh gy tay quay, v xi lanh vv.. Nguyn nhn ca ngp lng l do : - Ph ti nhit qu ln qu trnh si dn lnh mnh lit v
hi cun lng v my nn - Van tit lu m qu ln hoc khng ph hp. - Khi mi khi ng, do c lng nm sn trn ng ht hoc trong dn lnh. - Van phao khng ch mc dch dn lnh hng nn dch trn v my nn. 422 ________________________________________ Page 39 - Mi cht khng bay hi dn lnh c : do bm tuyt nhiu dn lnh, nhit bung lnh thp, qut dn lnh hng... 11.6.3.2. X l ngp lng a. Ngp lng nh - ng van tit lu hoc tt cp dch dn lnh v kim tra tnh trng ngp lng, ng thi kim tra nguyn nhn gy ngp lng. Khi bit c nguyn nhn phi khc phc ngay. Trong trng hp nh c th m van x kh tp cho mi cht bc hi ra sau khi lm nng ccte ln 30 o C, sau c th vn hnh tr li. Trng hp nng hn, sng bt u bm thn cc te, nhit u ht thp nhng nhit bm du trn 30 o C th p dng cch sau : a. ng van tit lu hoc tt van in t cp dch. Cho my chy tip tc. b. Khi p sut ht xung thp m t t van chn ht ri quan st tnh trng. Qua 30 pht d m ht van ht nhng p sut khng tng chng t dch trong dn lnh bc hi ht. c. M van tit lu cp dch cho dn lnh h thng hot ng li v quan st. b. Ngp lng nng Khi quan st qua knh xem mi cht thy dch trong ccte ni thnh tng th l lc ngp nng. Lp tc cho my ngp lng dng v thc hin cc bin php sau : * Trng hp h thng c nhiu my u chung - ng van tit lu hoc tt van in t cp dch.
- ng van x my ngp lng - S dng van by-pass gia cc my nn dng my nn khng ngp lng ht ht mi cht trong my ngp lng. - Khi p sut xung thp lm nng cc te my ngp lng cho bc ht mi cht bn trong. - Quan st qua knh xem du mi cht lnh bn trong ccte. - Rt b du trong ccte - Np du mi c lm nng ln 3540 o C - Khi hon tt m van x v cho my hot ng li, theo di v kim tra * Trng hp khng c my u chung - Tt cp dch, dng my. - ng van x v van ht. - Qua l x du x b du v mi cht lnh. - Np li du cho my lnh. - M van x. - Cho my hot ng tr li v t t m van ht. - Sau khi m hon ton m khng c hin tng g th coi nh x l xong. Trong trng hp ny cng c th ht dch trong cacte my nn ngp lng bng my nn nh khc bn ngoi. ***
c cm n bi:
quocphunortel
ikaka, LEMINHTHAI_ENGINEER, mrvuvn

03-10-2008, 15:07 #9
quocphunortel
Thnh vin
Cng tc chun b trc lc tin hnh lp t Cng tc chun b ng vai tr quan trng m bo ng tin lp t. Cng tc chun b bao gm cc cng vic sau: 1. Kim tra kch thc hnh hc ca ging thang . 2. Kim tra bung t thang my
Thnh vin th: 13 Tham gia ngy: 21-03-2008
3. Chun b mt bng v kho cha thit b Mt bng thi
Bi gi: 32 cm n: 17 c cm n 38 ln trong 11 bi
cng. Kho cha thit b 4. Lp phng php lp t v tp kt thit b, dng c thi cng Lp phng n lp t. Tp kt thit b trc khi lp t Cng tc tin hnh lp t 4.1. Tip nhn thit b thang my 4.2. T chc tip nhn 4.3. Sp xp thit b trong kho 4.4. Lp bin bn sau khi kim k 5. Lp t thang my 6. Nhng cng tc cn lm trc khi tin hnh lp t 6.1. Nghim thu ging thang 6.2. Nghim thu bung t my 7. a b ti ko, vt t v thit b ln phng t my C hai phng n c th a b ti ko, vt t v thit b ln bung t my Phng n I Dng cn cu a ln sn tng mi v a vo bung my. Phng n ch thc hin c khi cn cu c tm vi a b ti v t in iu khin n tn ca ca bung t my, ng thi ca phi ln c th a c my vo, nu khng, vic a b ti ko qua sn mi vo bung t my s rt phc tp, c bit mt sn bung t my li cao hn sn mi th li cng phc tp hn. Phng n II Dng pa lng in hoc ti in, hoc ti quay tay a b ti ko v cc thit b vt t ln bung t my qua ging thang. Phng n ny hon ton ch ng v khng ph thuc vo cao ca bung t my. Sn t my khi b tng phi tr l a ton b ti ln, kch thc ca l ti thiu phi ln ( t nht 1000 x 1000mm), ph thuc vo tng thang. 8. Bng di 9. Lp ca tng 10. Lp ngng ( chn) ca tng 11. Lp bo ca tng 12. Lp u ca tng 13. Lp cnh ca tng 14. Lp ray cabin v i trng 15. Lp khung i trng v i trng
16. Lp cabin 17. Lp b ti ko bung t my 18. Lp cp chu lc 19. Lp b cm bin tc 20. Ri v c nh dy ui trong ging thang 21. Lp cc b phn cn li trong ging thang 22. u in Thuyt minh quy trnh lp t Cng ty chng ti s dng bin php thi cng khng dn gio. Bin php ny c Thanh tra Nh Nc cho php p dng. Ni dung c th nh sau: 1. Lp khung sn thao tc ti v tr tng cao nht 2. Lp khung g bn di: - Khung g bn di s c lp trong h thang sau khi hn theo khung g trn cng. - Hai bc trn cng vi vic ly chun h thang, xc nh du s c tin hnh trc khi thit b ng b v chn cng trnh. - Khi thit b ng b h thng thang v n chn cng trnh tin hnh cc bc lp t sau y. 3. Lp gi ray, Ray hng dn Dng dn gio xy dng (03 b cho mt thang) lp gi ray v 2 ray dn hng ban u, iu chnh ray dn (hnh v 3). 4. Lp t khung Cabin v khung i trng ti tng 1 - B khung Cabin gm c khung di , khung ng, sn Cabin, thanh ging v khung trn. - Lm bo v sn bng vn p V75 v tm thanh cp pha c dy 30mm 5. Lp thit b an ton chng ri (Governor) Governor l thit b an ton quan trng nht, khi tc ca sn Cabin vt 1,3 ln tc cho php (V d nh cp hoc dy xch ko b t v sn Cabin b ri t do) th Governor c hiu lc. N kp dy cp Governor vo mc c nh v lm dng cp. 6. Lp ray hng dn cn li - Dng sn Cabin cng vi governor lp ray hng dn cn li. - Tt c ray hng dn s c t ti tng 1 (Pha trc ca mi h thang) Tt c ray s c lp tng ray mt bng cch s dng Palng in ko chng vo v tr. 7. t my ko vo phng my(Dng Palng) Dng Palng cu ko my ln, t vo phng my. My ko s c t v tr c nh sau khi kim tra chnh xc v tr ca n 8. Th lp cp ko (Cp ti) Khung i trng nm tng di cng. Khung Cabin nm tng trn cng v s c t v tr c nh bi Palng cho n khi hon tt vic lp
cp ti. 9. Lp ca tng - Sau khi lp cp ti, s dng Cabin lp ca tng ti mi tng. - Tt c thit b ca tng s c chuyn trc n mi tng. 10. i dy in, lp bng bm, bng hin th - Ging nh vic lp ca tng, chng ti cng dng sn Cabin i dy in trong h thang. - Sn Cabin s c di chuyn dc theo h n mi tng lp in ti ca tng. - Kt hp vic lp cc nt bm v bng hin th. - Lp bng in n dc h. i in y h. 11. Chy ch UD hiu chnh h thang 12. Chy t ng v hiu chnh m khi dng, khi ng, v chnh xc khi dng S dng thit b Mini Consonler chuyn dng kim tra v lp trnh thay i cc thng s thang cho ph hp vi mi ch ti. 13. V sinh ton b thang my 14. Kim tra v nghim thu ni b thang my 15. Kim nh cp Giy php s dng cho thang my 16. Tin hnh bn giao nghim thu Cc cng vic trn s c tin hnh di s gim st ca cc cn b k thut c kinh nghim. Vic gi v sinh chung cng nh trnh gy nh hng n cc hng mc khc trong to nh s c thc hin bi mi thnh vin trong t lp t. Cc bnh kh CO2 s c trang b phng chng chy n khi thi cng. Cc cng vic lin quan n cc n v trong to nh s c thng xuyn phi hp m bo ng tin . cau 25: cac van e can lu y khi kiem tra lap at thang may. 2,5 Hin nay, cng vi s tng trng mnh m ca nn kinh t quc gia ko theo nhu cu v th ha tng cao. Cc d n u t ln v c s h tng, khu th mi, chung c cao cp, trung tm thng mi c xy dng ngy cng nhiu. Do vy, nhu cu tiu th thang my Vit Nam s tng ln rt nhanh trong nhng nm ti. http://www.hiendaihoa.com/uploadimag...hang300806.jpg p ng nhu cu th trng ni a, vn t ra l cn phi tng cng nng lc trong nc thit k lp t cc h thng thang my do trong nc sn xut vi cht lng tt v gi thnh h. Trc yu cu , nhm nghin cu thuc Trung tm Nghin cu chuyn giao Cng ngh v Phn tch do TS. L Xun Rao lm ch nhim nghin cu thit k thang my ng dng cng ngh cao phc v nh cao tng tng t l ni a ha. Theo kho st ca cng ty SGE Schindler nm 2004, th trng Vit Nam c nhu cu tiu th khong 1000 n v
thng my v thang cun mi nm. a s cc thang my ang c s dng c cao vo loi thp nht so vi th gii, ph bin l dng trong cc ta nh t 5 20 tng. Tuy nhin, theo d bo nhu cu s dng thang my s tng ln khi cc ta nh cao tng mc ln ngy cng nhiu theo s pht trin ca nn kinh t nc ta. Cng vi vic cung cp v lp t cc h thng thang my ngoi nhp, cc cng ty thang my trong nc v ang tch cc nghin cu c th t thit k v sn xut c cc cu kin trong thang my. Mt iu ng mng l n nay cc cng ty thang my ca ta sn xut c 70% thit b chnh (theo nh gi ca B cng nghip). http://www.hiendaihoa.com/uploadimag...may3008061.jpg Giao din m phng nguyn l hot ng ca thang my. Nhn chung cc hng trn th gii sn xut thang my u c cc ch tiu k thut v c kh nh: Kt cu c kh thang my phi m bo vng trc; H thng c kh phi m bo thang my chuyn ng m, an ton; Thng my c la chn l loi c h thng ti ko pha trn h thang; H thng chn phi c thit k an ton nht; Kt cu ca bin, khung ca phi c lm bng vt liu c cht lng cao; S im dng ly theo s tng cn phc v; Loi thang thng dng l loi c ca la m t gia v hai pha; H thng ray dn hng cho ca bin v i trng phi l loi ray c chng; H thng i trng dng gang c c t trng cao; H thng cp ko phi m bo h s an ton; C h thng gim chn ph hp vi ca bin v i trng t di y ging thang. Trn c s , thang my c vn hnh theo nguyn l vo/ra v di chuyn: Ti mi ca tng u b tr cc nt gi thang my. Khi nhn lnh gi ca hnh khch, thang my s di chuyn n tng tng c lnh gi theo mt th t nht nh v m ca bung thang my hnh khch bc vo. Thang my s t ng di chuyn ti tng chn ng thi hin th v tr hin thi ca bung thang. Trong qu trnh di chuyn nu nhn c tn hiu gi ca tng tip theo th thang my s t ng dng li tng n hnh khch mi ri mi tip tc di chuyn tip. Trong qu trnh i ln, thang my s khng nhn lnh gi ca cc tng thp hn v tr hin thi v ngc li. Khi di chuyn n tng hnh khch chn th thang my s t ng gim tc t t v dng hn khi n ng ca tng. Lc ny ca thang my s m ra cho hnh khch bc ra ng thi n nhng hnh khch mi. Nh vy, h thng iu khin thang my hin nay l c thit k theo phng
thc iu khin c tn hiu phn hi. Cc cm bim c s dng trong thang my ch yu l: Cm bin trng lng chng qu ti thang my; Cm bin v tr xc nh v tr bung thang trong qu trnh chuyn ng; Cm bin gia tc hn ch tc v gia tc di chuyn ca bung thang; v cng tc gii hn hnh trnh hn ch hnh trnh di chuyn ca bung thang. Trong h thng truyn ng t ng ca thang my, cht lng truyn ng th hin qua vic thang chuyn ng nhanh, dng m v chnh xc khng gy cm gic t ngt cho ngi trong thang. Vn m bo an ton cho ngi s dng lun l mc tiu hng u ca cc nh sn xut thang my. H thng cc tn hiu an ton gip vic lng trc c nhng tnh hung c th xy ra khi vn hnh, ng thi c th khc phc s c mt cch nhanh nht. Nhm nghin cu cng ch ra rng trong qu trnh hm ca h thng khi vn hnh thang th qu trnh hm dng bung thang l rt quan trng, n khng nhng nh hng ti nng sut m cn lin quan ti mc an ton ca h thng. Do vy, m bo qu trnh phanh c mc m du v dng chnh xc trong cc thang my ch ngi, trc khi phn c kh lm vic, ngi ta thng h tc ca ng c xung tc quay nh. H thng an ton v thit b bo v s c ng vai tr quan trng cho cht lng ca thang my hin i. Cc thit b an ton phi c tnh ton chn mt cch hp l chnh xc. H thng an ton c kh phi c kt hp vi h thng an ton in, in t to nn tin cy cao trnh xy ra cc s c ng tic. Vi thang my hin i ngy nay cc thit b an ton phi c trang b y , hin i, c tin cy cao. H truyn ng ca tng thang c thc hin ch yu l h bin tn ng c v h truyn lc ai cun. H thng ny c nhiu u im trong iu khin truyn ng ng m ca m, chnh xc v tc ng nhanh. Vic bo v cc trng hp s c c kim sot cht ch v c cc u ra iu khin cc thit b chp hnh khc. Kt qu nghin cu a ra mt h truyn ng hin i, c y c ch thc hin khi mt in v vic ng ct chuyn ngun cho an ton thit b. Nh c h thng chng mt ngun t ngt, h iu khin khng b nh hng do c nui bng mt h chng mt ngun cng sut nh, cc cm bin v tr v cc h o lng cnh bo khc vn lm vic bnh thng. Tuy nhin, do ngun b mt, ng c truyn ng b dng li trong thi gian tc thi. Lc ny, thit b iu khin ng c phi x ngun do cc h lu tch in ang cha v chun b ng ngun mi, ct h ngun c trnh c in tr li gy xung t ngun. Sau khi ngun mi c cp, chng trnh iu khin s lm vic theo mt chng trnh mi dnh cho
s c mt in, chng trnh ny s iu khin thang v tng gn nht sau m ca tng cho ngi i ra, ng thi t chi tt c cc lnh gi khc, cnh bo h thng b mt in. Lc ny h thng cho php vic m ca cabin, cc h thng chung bo v lin lc thc hin. Sau truyn ng cng sut ln khc s khng c thc hin nhm tit kim in nng c hn ca b lu in d phng. Khi h thng c in tr li, cc rle cm nhn trng thi mt in s c phn hi cho bit ngun in c, h thng s t ng thc hin tun t cc thao tc x in d, ng ngun mi v thc hin theo chu trnh iu khin bnh thng. H thng lu in c phc hi dn cng sut bng h thng np t ng. Nh vy, ton b cc hot ng ca thang my c thc hin theo s iu khin ca phn mm trung tm nh: phn mm iu khin cho modul thit b trung tm; phn mm cho vi x l thc hin v truyn thng; phn mm bo v, cnh bo v x l khi gp s c; phn mm iu khin nng h m, chnh xc bung thang; phn mm m phng ton b hot ng ca thang my; Cc phn mm mt mt gip chng ta hiu su hn v nguyn l hot ng ca thang my, cch vn hnh v iu khin ng c, bung thang, nguyn l iu khin kt hp ca thang my Mt khc cn x l vn qu ti m bo tnh an ton v bo v thit b cho thang cng nh ngi s dng thang my. http://www.hiendaihoa.com/uploadimag...gmay300806.jpg Cu trc h thng iu khin thang my. Thang my c thit k di chuyn vi mt tc nht nh. Tuy nhin vi mi loi thang my c tc khc nhau th khi tin hnh thit k phn mm iu khin thang u phi tnh ton cho hot ng ca thang my c ti u nht da trn hai ch tiu: Thi gian ch i ca khch hng l ngn nht, v qung ng di chuyn ca thang my l ngn nht. Qua 2 nm bt tay thc hin nghin cu, thit k (2004 2005), thang my c tm hiu, nghin cu thit k t phn c kh, iu khin, h thng truyn nhn hin th tn hiu gi tng. v c tin hnh th nghim. TS. L Xun Rao ch nhim ti nghin cu cho bit: T nhng kt qu , chng ti tin tng c th p dng c kt qu ca ti vo thc tin trong thi gian ti, gp phn tng t l ni a ha trong qu trnh cng nghip ha v hin i ha.
(Ti liu lt web ) cau 26: phng phap th tai thang may. 2,5 Kim nh k thut an ton h thng thang my trong nh cao tng I. Li m u Nhng nm gn y ngnh Xy dng c nhng bc pht trin nhanh chng. Cc cng trnh cng nghip v dn dng mc ln ngy cng nhiu nhm p ng nhu cu ca s nghip cng nghip ho v hin i ho t nc. Trong cc th ln nc ta khi qu t ngy mt thu hp, p ng nhu cu v vn phng lm vic v nh ngy cng tng ca x hi, vic xy dng nh cao tng l mt gii php hu hiu vi vic pht trin nh cao tng, yu cu m bo lu thng theo chiu cao l mt trong nhng vn k thut c t ra; do vic lp t v s dng thang my gii quyt vn ny l mt yu cu tt yu. Theo s liu thng k c, c nc hin c trn 5.000 thang my, ch yu l thang my in. Nhng nm gn y do tc pht trin nh cao tng tng mnh, thang my c lp t tng nhiu v s lng, a dng v chng loi. Cc hng thang my ni ting trn th gii nh OTIS (M), THYSSEN (CHLB c), SCHINDLER (Thu S), MITSUBISHI, HITACHI, NIPPON (Nht bn), SIGMA, DONGYANG (Hn Quc),... u c mt ti Vit Nam cng vi cc hng thang my ni a nh: Thin Nam, Chu, Thi Bnh Dng.... bo m cht lng, an ton trong s dng v ko di tui th ca thit b thang my, cng tc nghim thu k thut thang my sau lp t phi c thc hin nghim tc v chun xc. Vi nhng ni dung ca quy trnh kim nh k thut an ton thang my hon ton c th nh gi mt cch chnh xc v cht lng thit b v cht lng lp t thang my. II. Gii thiu yu cu, ni dung kim nh h thng thang my 1. Cc tiu chun an ton v cu to, lp t v s dng 1.1. Cc tiu chun hin hnh (TCVN) o TCVN 5744: 1993 Thang my Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng o TCVN 5866: 1995 Thang my C cu an ton c kh o TCVN 5867: 1995 Thang my Cabin, i trng, ray dn hng Yu cu an ton o TCVN 6395: 1998 Thang my in Yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t o TCVN 6396: 1998 Thang my thu lc - Yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t
o TCVN 6397: 1998 Thang cun v bng ch ngi - Yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t o TCVN 6904: 2001 Thang my in Phng php th cc yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t o TCVN 6905: 2001 Thang my thu lc Phng php th cc yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t o TCVN 6906: 2001 Thang cun v bng ch ngi Phng php th cc yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t 1.2. i vi cc loi thang my m cha c TCVN p dng tiu chun ca cc hng ch to (bo m tiu chun chu u, Nht Bn). 2. Thi hn kim nh a) Thang my l loi thit b thuc danh mc cc thit b c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton do Nh nc quy nh. Thang my phi c tin hnh kim nh k thut an ton ton b trong cc trng hp sau: - Sau lp t trc khi a vo s dng. - n thi hn kim nh ton b nh k (khng t hn 5 nm). - Sau khi ci to, sa cha ln. - Khi sy ra s c nghim trng, khc phc xong trc khi a vo s dng. - Theo yu cu ca c quan qun l nh nc v an ton lao ng. Cng tc kim nh KTAT ton b do Trung tm Kim nh k thut an ton thc hin. b) Vic kim tra nh k do n v bo tr - bo dng thang my tin hnh; ni dung kim tra theo quy nh ca nh sn xut; kt qu kim tra nh k phi c ghi vo s nht k thang my di dng bin bn kim tra. Thi hn gia hai ln kim tra khng qu mt nm. 3. Ni dung - Phng php kim nh KTAT thang my 3.1. Quy nh chung Cng tc kim nh KTAT thang my sau lp t, trc khi a thang my vo s dng l mt yu cu bt buc. C s nh gi tng th v s ng b ca thang my cn c vo h s thit k, h s k thut v chng ch xut xng do nh sn xut cung cp. (theo Ph lc A). Cng tc kim nh KTAT (bao gm kim tra k thut ton b v th nghim) ch c tin hnh khi kh nng chu lc ca kt cu xy dng ph hp vi quy nh ca thit k (phn kt cu xy dng bung my v h thang c nghim thu) v khi thang my c lp t hon chnh, sn sng hot ng (nghim thu lp t, nghim thu chy th). 3.2. Ni dung v phng php kim nh k thut an ton h thng thang my trong nh cao tng
* Phng php kim tra - Kim tra kt cu xy dng khu vc lp thang, kch thc v chnh xc kch thc hnh hc ca cc i tng sau: a. Ging thang; b. Bung my, bung puly (nu c); c. Ca tng, ca cabin, khe h gia cc cnh ca v gia cc cnh ca vi khun ca; d. Sn v nc cabin; e. Cc khong cch an ton; f. Sai lch dng tng; g. Cp v cp (xch) b; h. ng knh puly. - Kim tra s ng b, y , kt cu v b tr hp l v kh nng lm vic an ton ca: a. Trng thi ng m ca, kh nng chng kt ca cabin v ca tng, thit b bo ng, thit b cu h v chiu sng; b. Cc thit b kho; c. Kt cu treo v dn hng ca; d. Kt cu tay vn, kt cu treo, ca sp cu h, ca cu h, thit b iu khin trn nc cabin; e. Kt cu cabin i trng v kt cu treo cabin i trng; f. Kt cu v kh nng iu chnh ca kp ray, khong cch ti a gia cc kp ray so vi thit k; g. H thng thng gi; h. Li ln xung, sch s kh ro ca ging thang; i. H thng phanh, h thng cu h, b chng o pha, h thng bo v cc b phn quay; j. Cc cng tc chnh, cng tc cc hn; k. Phng thc pht ng b hm bo him. - o v kim tra h thng in, vn tc nh mc, nhit bung my a. in p, cng dng in; b. Dy dn, b tr v lp t dy dn; c. in tr cch in, in tr mi ni; d. Vn tc nh mc; e. H chiu sng; f. Nhit bung my. - Kim tra h thng in an ton. * Phng php th nghim - Th phanh Phanh thang my c th theo trnh t sau: + Cht ti bng 125% ti nh mc; + Cho cabin i xung vi vn tc nh mc; + Ngt ngun in ng c v ngun in phanh; + o qung ng phanh. Qung ng phanh khng vt qu gi tr quy nh ca nh sn xut. - Th b khng ch vt tc B khng ch vt tc c th bng cch to vt tc theo
quy nh khi cabin hoc i trng i xung. a/ B khng ch vt tc phi pht ng cho b hm bo him cabin hot ng khi vn tc i xung ca cabin t gi tr bng 115% vn tc nh mc. b/Thit b iu khin in hot ng ng theo quy nh. - Th b hm bo him - Th b hm bo him cabin + Th nghim nhm kim tra chnh xc sau lp t, tin cy ca cm thit b ng b gm: cabin, ray dn hng, b hm bo him v bn m gn vo cng trnh. + Th b hm bo him c tin hnh khi cabin i xung, ti th c phn b u trn sn cabin, phanh m v: a. i vi b hm bo him tc thi hoc b hm bo him tc thi c gim chn: Thang chuyn ng i xung vi vn tc nh mc; Ti trng bng ti trng nh mc b. i vi b hm bo him m: Ti trng bng 125% ti trng nh mc; Chuyn ng vi vn tc nh mc hoc thp hn; Trong trng hp c th vi vn tc thp hn vn tc nh mc th nh sn xut phi cung cp y h s k thut hp php ch r c tnh ca loi b hm bo him c th khi tin hnh th ng lc cng vi thit b treo. + B hm bo him i trng - Th nghim nhm kim tra chnh xc lp ghp, chnh xc sau lp t. tin cy ca cm thit b ng b gm i trong, b hm bo him, ray dn hng v cc bn m gn vo cng trnh. - Th b hm bo him c tin hnh khi i trng i xung v: a) i vi b hm bo him tc thi hoc loi b hm bo him tc thi c gim chn: Thang khng ti; Chuyn ng vi vn tc nh mc. c) i vi b hm bo him m: Thang khng ti; Chuyn ng vi vn tc nh mc hoc chm hn. Nu php th c thc hin vn tc thp hn n tc nh mc th nh sn xut phi cung cp th biu din c tnh ca loi b hm bo him m cho i trng khi th ng lc cng vi b phn treo. - Th b hm bo him c tin hnh bng cch tc ng b khng ch vt tc bt hm ngoi tr trng hp b khng ch vt tc c puly th vi ng knh nh hn to vn tc pht ng. - Th ko Chc nng ko ca thang c th bng cch cho cabin khng ti ln tng dng pha trn. Cht ti bng 125% ti
trng nh mc, sau cho cabin i xung n tng dng pha di. Trong qu trnh i xung cabin c dng mt s tng. mi ln dng cabin khng b tri hoc tt tng. Sau khi r ti a cabin khng ti i ln tng phc v cao nht. Cabin khng th tip tc chuyn ng ln c na khi i trng ta trn gim chn, d ng c vn hot ng theo chiu i ln; tip tc a cabin i xung ta trn gim chn, i trng khng th nng cao hn so vi h s k thut, d ng c vn hot ng theo chiu i xung. Trong khi th tin hnh o cng , in p v tc ng c. + Gim chn Gim chn dng tch lu nng lng c th bng cch cho cabin vi ti trng nh mc ta trn gim chn, cp nng trng. o v quan st ln. So snh vi thng s do nh ch to cung cp. Gim chn tch lu nng lng t phc hi v gim chn hp thu nng lng c th bng cch cho cabin vi ti trng nh mc v i trng tip xc vi gim chn ti thi im c vn tc bng vn tc nh mc hoc vn tc khi tnh ton gim chn. Kt qu kim tra c nh gi bng cch quan st cn thn tnh trng ca gim chn. Sau khi th khng c bt c h hng no gy nh hng n hot ng bnh thng ca thang. - Th cu h t ng (nu c) Th cu h t ng (nu c) c tin hnh bng cch cho thang chuyn ng bnh thng. Ngt in ngun. Kim tra hot ng ca thit b theo quy nh ca nh sn xut. - Thit b bo ng cu h Thit b bo ng cu h c th trng thi bnh thng ca thang v trng thi khng c in ngun. c hai trng thi hot ng ca thang chung v in thoi phi hot ng ng theo ch dn trong h s k thut. Khi nhiu thang my lp t chung mt h thng iu khin, vic tin hnh kim nh c tin hnh ln lt cho tng thang, sau kim tra h iu khin theo tnh nng ca c h thng. Kt qu kim nh k thut an ton c th hin trn Bin bn kim nh k thut an ton thang my. III. Mt s kin v cng tc kim nh thang my - Trung tm Kim nh k thut an ton l mt n v thuc B Xy dng c Nh nc giao nhim v kim nh KTAT v cp chng nhn KTAT cc thit b c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng v cc thit b thi cng v sn xut vt liu xy dng khc. + Qua 14 nm hot ng trong lnh vc kim nh, lc lng kim nh vin ca Trung tm ngy cng hon thin c v
lng cng nh v cht, thit b o kim c u t tm hot ng trong phm vi c nc. Phng Th nghim o lng ca Trung tm c B Xy dng cng nhn l phng th nghim hp chun LASS 260. + L n v chuyn ngnh v thit b p lc, thit b nng chuyn trong bao gm thang my, Trung tm m rng hot ng sang cc lnh vc t vn k thut, sa cha ci to thit b c cc i tc trong v ngoi ngnh tin tng. + Trong lnh vc thang my lnh vc cn nhiu mi m vi nhiu ch u t, Trung tm v ang thc hin vic t vn k thut cho nhiu cng trnh t khu lp d n, chn thu thit b ti khu gim st lp t, nghim thu thit b, thc s l ch da ng tin cy ca nhiu ch u t. - Vi ni dung v phng php kim nh nu trn, cng tc kim nh KTAT bao gm kim tra k thut tng th v th nghim thit b bo dm s chnh xc trong vic nh gi cht lng thit b cng nh cht lng lp t thang my. Cc ch u t c th tin tng vo kt qu kim nh KTAT v c th xem y l c s nghim thu cht lng thang my. L kim nh vin, hn ai ht chng ti hiu r bo m an ton chnh l bo m cht lng + s dng ng quy trnh. - Chng ti cng xin tham gia vi cc ch u t, cc ch s hu v cc n v thit k, thi cng cng trnh mt s kin sau: + i vi cng tc gim st lp t thang my nn la chn cc n v chuyn ngnh. Ti hu ht cc cng trnh, mc hiu bit v thang my ca cc k s gim st cn hn ch dn n tnh trng nhiu sai st ng ra c th sa cha trong qu trnh lp t n khi nghim thu mi pht hin. + Trong qu trnh khai thc, s dng thang my ti cc nh cao tng, mt s ch u t cha quan tm n vic o to nhn vin chuyn trch qun l thang my dn n vic x l s c khng ng quy trnh, nh hng n tui th ca thang my. Ti TCVN 6395:1998 quy nh r: Ch s hu phi b tr nhn vin chuyn trch qun l thang my. Nhn vin chuyn trch phi c hiu bit c bn v thang my, phi c hun luyn v KTAT trong vn hnh thang my. + Trong h thng thang my chung c cao tng nn s dng mt thang my chuyn dng cho ngi khuyt tt, c tnh n kh nng vn chuyn c c kch thc ln hoc bng ca cp cu khi cn thit. + Trong tiu chun an ton thang my, vic trang b b cu h t ng l khng bt buc nhng thc t l cn thit v cn c trang b. + Trong thit k cn quy c th v h thng tip t ca
thit b thang my (trong qu trnh thi cng phn ln khng quan tm, n giai on hon thin mi x l). IV. Cc h s k thut v chng ch do nh sn xut cung cp 1. Bn v k thut v cc thng tin chi tit v k thut bao gm Kch thc thng thu ca khong khng gian d phng nh ging v h thanh 4.6.1; 4.6.2 TCVN 6395:1998 Li vo h thang 4.6.2.4 TCVN 6395:1998 Vch ngn gia thang nu lp nhiu thang trong mt ging thang; 4.5 TCVN 6395:1998 Cc quy nh v c nh ray; V tr, kch thc, bung my, mt bng lp t my v thit b, l thng gi, lc tc ng vo cng trnh; Li vo bung my 5.2 TCVN 6395:1998 V tr, kch thc li vo bung my; Puly, b tr thit b trong bung puly (nu c); Loi v kch thc ca tng 6.3 TCVN 6395:1998 Loi v kch thc ca kim tra, ca sp kim tra; Kch thc cabin v ca cabin 7.1; 7.2 TCVN 6395:1998 Khong cch an ton 8 TCVN 6395:1998 c tnh c bn ca h treo nh h s an ton, cp (s lng, ng knh, ti trng ko t cp) hoc xch (loi, bc, ti trng ko t); c tnh c bn v cp ca b khng ch vt tc (h s an ton, ng knh, lc ko t); Kch thc, bn ca ray dn hng, iu kin, kch thc mt chu ma st; Kch thc, bn ca kiu tuyn tnh;gim chn loi tch lu nng lng S mch in k c mch ng lc, mch ni vi thit b an ton in. 2. Chng ch v quy cch k thut Cc chng ch th nghim cc b phn an ton; Cc chng ch khc nh cp, xch, thit b chng chy n.v.v... Chng ch v thit b an ton; Cc chng ch th nghim bn c hc; Chng ch v bn v kh nng chu la ca ca tng. V. Danh mc kim tra v thit b in an ton iu khon TCVN 6395:1998 Ni dung kim tra 4.2.2.5 Trng thi ng ca cc ca kim tra, cu h v ca sp kim tra 4.6.2.6a Thit b dng trong h thang 5.4.5 Thit b dng trong bung puly 6.6.4 Kim tra kho ca tng
6.6.6.1 Trng thi ng ca ca tng 6.6.6.5 Trng thi ng ca cc ca khng kho vi ca la nhiu cnh 7.5.11.1 Trng thi ng ca cabin 7.5.11.2 Kho ca cabin (nu c) 7.6.3.5 Kho ca sp cu h v ca cu h cabin 7.3.5.6 Thit b dng trn nc cabin 7.9.4.3 dn tng i bt thng ca cp hoc xch (tng i bt thng ca cp hoc xch (khi treo cabin bng 2 dy cp hoc xch) 7.9.5.1 cng ca cp b 7.9.5.2 Thit b chng ny 9.2.2.7 Hot ng ca b hm bo him 9.3.11.1 Hot ng ca b khng ch vt tc 9.3.11.2 S phc hi ca b khng ch vt tc 9.3.11.3 cng ca cp b khng ch vt tc 9.4 Thit b bo v khi cabin i xung vt tc 9.4.6 phc hi ca gim chn 10.5.5 gim chn trong trng hp gim chn hnh trnh ngn 10.6 trng ca cp (hoc xch theo hng nng) 10.8.1.1 V tr v lng cu h tho lp c 11.8.3.3.2b Cng tc cc hn 11.8.1.2a Kim tra vic iu chnh v iu chnh li tng 11.8.2.2.3 cng ca thit b truyn tn hiu v tr cabin (cc cng tc cc hn) 11.8.1.5b; i Hn ch chuyn ng cabin cho thao tc xp d 11.8.1.5i Thit b dng cho thao tc kim tra 11.8.6 H thng bo qu ti (Bo co ti Hi tho Kim nh cht lng nh cao tng, thng THANG CUN QUY TRNH KIM NH K THUT AN TON QTK 03 2006
H Ni 2006 -----------------------------------------------------------B LAO NG THNG BINH V X HI CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp T do Hnh phc
THANG CUN - QUY TRNH KIM NH K THUT AN TON (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 04/2006/Q-BLTBXH ngy 26 thng 6 nm 2006 ca B trng B Lao ngThng binh v X hi) 1. PHM VI V I TNG P DNG Quy trnh kim nh ny p dng i vi cc c quan kim nh k thut an ton khi kim nh cc loi thang cun thuc Danh mc my, thit b, vt t, cc cht c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng c quy nh ti Thng t s 23/TT-LTBXH ngy 03/11/2003 ca B Lao ngThng binh v X hi. Vic kim nh thang cun phi c thc hin trong nhng trng hp sau: - Sau khi lp t trc khi a vo s dng. - Sau khi tin hnh ci to, sa cha trung tu v i tu. - Sau khi xy ra tai nn, s c nghim trng v khc phc xong. - Ht hn kim nh hoc trc thi hn theo ngh ca c s qun l, s dng thang my. - Theo yu cu ca c quan thanh tra nh nc v lao ng. Cc doanh nghip, c quan, t chc, c nhn s dng cc loi thang cun nu trn c trch nhim phi hp vi c quan kim nh theo quy nh ca php lut. 2. TIU CHUN P DNG - TCVN 6397 - 1998: Thang cun v bng ch ngi- Yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t; - TCVN 6906 - 2001: Thang cun v bng ch ngiPhng php th, cc yu cu an ton v cu to v lp t; C th kim nh theo mt tiu chun khc theo ngh ca c s s dng, hay c s ch to, nhng tiu chun phi c cc ch tiu v k thut an ton bng hoc cao hn so vi cc ch tiu qui nh trong cc Tiu chun Vit Nam. 3. THUT NG V NH NGHA Trong ti liu ny s dng cc thut ng, nh ngha qui nh trong Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6397:1998. 4. CC BC KIM NH Khi kim nh ln u, kim nh nh k v kim nh bt thng, c quan kim nh phi tin hnh theo cc bc sau: - Kim tra bn ngoi. - Kim tra k thut - th khng ti. - Cc ch th ti- phng php th. - X l kt qu kim nh. 5. PHNG TIN KIM NH
Yu cu v phng tin kim nh: Cc phng tin kim nh phi ph hp tiu chun Vit Nam, vi i tng kim nh v phi c kim chun, c chnh xc ph hp vi qui nh ca c quan chc nng c thm quyn v bao gm nhng loi sau: - Thit b o in tr cch in; - Thit b o in tr tip t; - Thit b o dng in; - Thit b o hiu in th; - Thit b o tc di v tc vng; - Cc thit b o lng c kh: o di, o ng knh, o khe h. - Thit b o cng nh sng; - Cc thit b o kim chuyn dng khc nu cn. 6. IU KIN KIM NH Vic kim nh thang cun v bng ch ngi ch c tin hnh khi kt cu cng trnh lp t thang ng vi thit k c duyt v khi thang trng thi sn sng hot ng ti ni lp t, trc khi a vo s dng. 7. CHUN B KIM NH 7.1 Thng nht k hoch kim nh, cng vic chun b v phi hp gia c quan kim nh v c s s dng thit b. 7.2 Kim tra h s thit b: H s kim tra t nht phi c: - H s k thut: bn v, kch thc, c tnh k thut. - H s lp t: v tr lp t, cc kch thc an ton, cc s liu v cch in, in tr tip t, chng st, h thng bo v; - H s qun l k thut, vn hnh, bo dng, kim nh; - Cc kt qu thanh tra, kim tra v vic thc hin cc kin ngh ca cc ln thanh tra, kim tra hoc kim nh trc (nu c). 7.3 Chun b y cc thit b, phng tin k thut phc v cho cng vic kim nh i vi tng chng loi thit b. 7.4 Chun b y cc phng tin, trang b bo v c nhn v cc bin php, quy trnh an ton trong sut qu trnh kim nh. 8. TIN HNH KIM NH Khi tin hnh kim nh thang cun, c quan kim nh phi tin hnh cc cng vic sau: 8.1. Kim tra bn ngoi Vic kim tra bn ngoi bao gm cc cng vic sau y: 8.1.1. Kim tra tnh y v ng b ca thit b - Kim tra tnh y ca cc b phn, cm my. - Kim tra thng s k thut, tnh ng b ca cc cm my v cc ch tiu k thut: tc , in p, kch thc lp rp. 8.1.2. Kim tra s chnh xc gia h s ca nh ch to, lp t so vi thc t (v cc thng s, ch tiu k thut nhn
hiu). 8.1.3. Kim tra cc khuyt tt, bin dng ca cc b phn, cm my. 8.2. Kim tra k thut - Th khng ti 8.2.1 Kim tra phn lp t v chnh xc cc kch thc hnh hc - Khe h gia bc thang v tm chn thnh bn khng ln hn 4mm, nh gi theo mc 8.2.1 - TCVN 6397:1998. - Khe h gia cc tm chn thnh lan can lin k lp tip nhau khng qu 4mm, nh gi theo mc 4.1.5.4 - TCVN 6397:1998. - Khe h gia hai bc thang k tip: khng ln hn. 6mm, nh gi theo ' mc 8.1 TCVN 6397:1998. - su n khp ca rng lc, nh gi theo mc 8.3.1 TCVN 6397:1998. - Khe h gia chn rng lc v mp trn ca phn b mt bc thang, nh gi theo mc 8.3.2 - TCVN 6397:1998. - Khe h gia tay vn v dn hng: khng ln hn 8mm, nh gi theo mc 6.3.1 - TCVN 6397:1998. - Khong cch theo phng ngang gia mp ngoi ca tay vn vi tng bn hoc tm chn thng ng: khng nh hn 80mm, nh gi theo mc 6.3.1- TCVN 6397:1998. - Kch thc li vo v li ra, nh gi theo mc 4.2.1 TCVN 6397:1998. - Chiu cao thng thu pha trn bc thang hoc tm nn: khng nh hn 2,3m, nh gi theo mc 4.2.3 - TCVN 6397:1998. - Khong cch gn nht gia hnh khch n vng tm lc i vi thang cun v bng ch ngi trang b thit b khi ng t ng. - Bo v im vo tay vn, nh gi theo mc 6.5 - TCVN 6397:1998. - C che chn, nh gi theo cc khon ca mc 4.1.1 TCVN 6397:1998. - Ca kim tra, nh gi theo cc khon ca mc 4.1.3 TCVN 6397:1998. 8.2.2. Kim tra s ng b, y , kt cu v b tr hp l v kh nng lm vic an ton ca cc thit b, c cu sau: - Thit b chng kt ti im vo ca tay vn. - Thit b t ng dng thang khi c vt l kt vo tm lc. - Thit b an ton chng t tay vn (nu c). - S lng, v tr, cu to v cng tc dng. - B khng ch vn tc (nu c). - Thit b dng t ng khi xy ra o chiu bt thng. - Thit b an ton ngn nga chng xch, t xch, tut xch. - Thit b an ton chng vt l kt vo gia tm chn di v mt bn bc thang. 8.2.3. Kim tra cc yu cu v h thng:
- Kim tra h thng bi trn; - o in p, cng dng in, so snh vi h s thit b. 8.2.4. Kim tra s hot ng ca h thng in an ton, bao gm: - Cng tc chnh, nh gi theo mc 11.4 - TCVN 6397:1998; - Cng tc an ton, nh gi theo mc 11.7.2.2 - TCVN 6397:1998; - Cng tc dng thang; - Thit b chng kt tay; - Thit b dng thang khi c vt l kt vo tm lc; - B khng ch vt tc nu c; - Thit b dng khn cp, nh gi theo mc 11.8.2.4.1; 11.8.2.3.2 TCVN 6397:1998; - Thit b t ng dng- khi ng t ng (nu c). 8.2.5. Th khng ti - Khi ng v cho thang chy khng li t nht 15 pht theo c hai hng chuyn ng. - nh gi kh nng hot ng theo mc 4.2.1 - TCVN 6397:1998. - o tc nh mc ca thang cun hoc bng tr ngi. So snh vi h s thit b v phi tho mn mc 10.2.1 v 10.2.2 - TCVN 6397:1998. - Sai s vn tc 5%, nh gi theo mc 10.2.3 - TCVN 6397:1998. - o vn tc tay vn, nh gi theo mc 6.1 - TCVN 6397:1998. 8.3. Cc ch th ti- Phng php th 8.3.1- Th phanh chnh: - Th phanh khng ti thang cun. Thc hin theo mc 4.2.4.2 - TCVN 6906:2001, nh gi theo mc 10.4.2.2 - TCVN 63:1998. - Th phanh c ti thang cun. Thc hin theo mc 4.2.4.2 - TCVN 6096:2001, nh gi theo mc 10.4.2.2 - TCVN 6397:1998. - Th phanh khng li bng ch ngi Thc hin theo mc 4.2.6 - TCVN 6906:2001, nh gi theo 10.4.4.4 - TCVN 6397:1998. - Th phanh bng ch ngi c ti Thc hin theo mc 4.2.7 - TCVN 6906:2001, nh gi theo mc 10.4.4.4 TCVN 6397:1998. 8.3.2 Th phanh ph (nu c) Thc hin theo mc 4.2.5 - TCVN 6906:2001. 9. X L KT QU KIM NH 9.1. Lp bin bn kim nh (theo mu li phn ph lc ca quy trnh ny). Bin bn kim nh c lp ti c s s dng, trong phi ghi y , r rng ni dung v liu chun p dng.
9.2. Thng qua bin bn: Bin bn kim nh phi thng qua ti c s v cc thnh vin tham gia thng nht v k vo bin bn. Trong bt buc phi c cc thnh vin: - Kim nh vin thc hin.vic kim nh. - Ch s dng hoc ngi c u quyn. - Ngi chng kin. 9.3. Ghi tm tt kt qu kim nh vo l lch thit b. 9.4. Khi thit b c kim nh t yu cu, cp phiu kt qu kim nh (ph lc 2 - Mu phiu kt qu kim nh trong Thng t s 23/2003/TT-LTBXH ngy 03/11/2003 ca B Lao ng- Thng binh v X hi) v bin bn kim nh cho c s. 9.5. Khi thit b c kim nh khng t yu cu, phi ghi r nhng ni dung khng t v nhng kin ngh cho ch s hu bit v c bin php x l ph hp. 10. CHU K KIM NH 10.1 Thc hin cc bc kim nh t (7.1.1 n 7.1.3.6) chu k khng qu 5 nm - theo mc a.2.1.4 ph lc A TCVN 6395:1998 v TCVN 6396 - 1998. 10.2 Khi rt ngn chu k kim nh, phi nu r l do trong bin bn kim nh./. KT. B TRNG TH TRNG
L Bch Hng
c cm n bi:
quocphunortel
ikaka, LEMINHTHAI_ENGINEER

03-10-2008, 15:14 #10
quocphunortel
Thnh vin
cu 28: nhng im cn lu khi lp t my pht in 1. V ngoi Vic vn chuyn v lp t s rt d dng nu my pht c v bn ngoi. khi nhng va p. Cnh bo! m bo rng khng cn ngi no bn trong v my khi ng v my.
2. Tho d H thng my pht Sn my c thit k c bit d dng cho vic tho d. Vic tho d sai rt nguy him cho cc b phn ca my pht. Khi nng h my pht bng my nng hy rt cn thn vi sn my. Nu bn mun y h thng my pht hy dng cc thanh g t gia my nng v sn my nhm trnh xy xc. Cnh bo ! Khng nn dng cc ai ng c v b pht in xoay chiu nng my. ! Nn kim tra k li cc h thng mc v tay nm, m bo rng chng c ni vi nhau mt cch cn thn. ! Khi nng my phi ng mt khong cch an ton. Nu my pht c nng ln lp rp, hy kim tra cc u ni mt cch cn thn nhm trnh cho cc u ni khng b h v cc inh vt b lng. im nng my nn t trng tm ca my pht gn u pht thay v trung tm ca my. bng cch my s c nng ln thng ng. Khi m nng my ln, h thng cp cn s dng nhm trnh dy cp b xon. Khng nn nng h my pht trong iu kin c gi mnh. My pht nn t ni c a hnh bng phng. Nu my pht cn c nng thng xuyn, ai mc my pht cn c trang b. Nu my pht c nng bng trc thng, cn phi trang b thm h thng mc st. 3 a im lp t a im rt quan trng i vi qu trnh lp t. a im lp t phi c cc yu t sau: Thng thong Trnh c nc ma, tuyt, ma , l lt, tip xc trc tip vi nh nng mt tri, qu lnh hoc qu nng. Khng my trong mi trng nhim nh t, bi bn, hi nc, hay kh thi t cc ng c khc. mt khong khng gian 1 m xung quanh vg 2 m trn nh cho my c khng gian lm mt v d dng khi sa cha. m bo rng khong khng gian cho my phi trong sut qu trnh lp t. H thng khng kh xung quanh phi thng thong m bo cho my hot ng d dng. Nhng ngi khng c nhim v khng c vo phng my. Nu my pht lp t ngoi tri phi c h thng v bo v theo my hoc h thng v bo v tm thi.
4 Chn v h thng gim chn Trc khi xut xng h thng my pht c lp cht vi chn my, do khi lp t my pht cc bn ch cn gn cht chn my vi chn bng inh vt. 4.1 Chn : Chn tt nht nn lm bng b tng. Chn gip cho my pht trnh b di chuyn v rung khi hot ng. Khi b tng tiu chun c kch thc dy t 150200mm, vi din tch b mt khng nh hn chn ca my. Mng ca chn my phi c m c th gi c my. Nu b mt t m t chn phi c thit k cao hn nn t nhm m bo cho cc u ni ca chn my khng b n mn. 4.2 Chng rung: H thng chng rung c lp t gia chn ca motor/B pht in xoay chiu v chn my nhm gim s rung ng ca my. i vi cc h thng my pht cng sut ln, ng c/b pht in xoay chiu c gn cht vo chn my vi cc h thng chng rung tng phn gia chn my v chn . Trong bt k trng hp no th chn my v chn lun c gn vi nhau mt cch chc chn nhm trnh s x dch(k c c h thng chng rung hay khng) H thng cc ng dn cng c lp chng rung v d nh: ng dn nhin liu, ng x, hay cc im ni cng nh cc cht. 5 H thng kh t ca ng c H thng kh t ca ng c phi l kh sch. Thng thng b phn lc kh s gip cho ng c lc khng kh mt cch tt nht. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh vn chuyn v lp t t a im ny qua a im khc khng nn b b phn lc kh ra vi c th khng kh bn s lt vo ng c. Nu cn thit hy s dng thit b lc kh ca nh cung cp nu khng n s nh hng rt ln n qu trnh hot ng ca ng c. 6 H thng thng gi v lm mt ng c, b pht in xoay chiu v l thng gi s gii phng nhit nng, nhit cao s nh hng rt ln n hiu sut ca ng c. Lung khng kh s thi t cui ng c xuyn qua b tn nhit v cui cng c x ra ngoi bng h thng ng x. Nu lung khng kh ny khng c x ra th kh nng s c phn tn rt nhanh bi h thng qut, quay tr li b tn nhit v khi h thng lm mt s b nng ln. L thng gi cn phi ln khng kh c th d dng lu thng, bng khong 1.5 ln din tch b tn nhit. Phng cha my cn c trang b h thng ca chp nhm bo v my khi thi tit xu. H thng ca chp c th c t c nh hoc c th m c, nn ng ca khi my
khng hot ng trong thi tit lnh nhm gi cho nhit phng my lun n nh. i vi h thng my pht c ch t khi ng th h thng ca chp cng phi t ng ng m. Khi my hot ng kh thi phi x ra ngoi phng my. 7 H thng thi kh H thng thi kh c cc thnh phn c hi nh khi, bi, hi nc. B gim n tch hp trn ng x c th lp t trong nh hay ngoi tri nhm gim ting n. Cnh bo ! Tt c cc h thng my pht lp t trong nh phi c ng ng dn kh thi ra ngoi v vic lp t ng ng dn kh x phi tun theo cc tiu chun ca nh xn xut. ! m bo rng cc kh thi nng phi trnh xa cc vt liu d chy. ! m bo rng kh thi gas khng nguy hi n cng cng . Trong sut qu trnh thit k h thng x kh phi tun theo quy tc c bn l p sut phi trong gii hn cho php bi v n s lm gim hiu sut, sc chu ng ca ng c cng nh lm tiu hao nhin liu nhiu hn. Mun gim c p sut th ng x kh phi cng ngn cng tt, nu nh qu 3m th phi c s h tr ca nh sn xut. Nhng tiu chun ca h thng kh thi: ng dn kh mm phi c kt ni vi l thot kh v h thng x kh. N s gip lm gim cc bi bn x trong nh v n cho php x bt nhit ca h thng x. m bo rng ng dn khng b h hng hay r r trong sut qu trnh lp h thng ng x cng nh b gim m. Phn ng x c lp t trong nh phi c bc cch nhit nhm gim nhit v chng n. H thng ng v gim m phi cch xa cc vt liu d chy trong cng nh ngoi nh cha. H thng ng x phi c lp t c chiu hng thp xung v c c nh vi im thp nht ca van x trnh nc chy vo ng c v b gim m. Khi h thng ng x c a ra ngoi xuyn qua tng, n phi c bc gim chn ng v khng c cc vt liu d chy gn ng x. u ra ca ng x phi c ct mt gc 60 nhm trnh nc ma c th thm nhp vo h thng x. ng x khng c ni vi ng x ca my pht khc hoc
l hi. 8 Nhin liu Cn phi dng nhin liu tiu chun cho vic vn hnh my. ! Vic lp t bnh nhin liu v c nh my phi tun theo cc tiu chun v yu cu ca nh my. ! Khng ht thuc, hay t la cnh bnh nhin liu. Hi du diesel hoc du nht c th gy chy n. 8.1 Bnh cha nhin liu: bnh cha nhin liu cung cp nhin liu cho my pht, do n phi c t trong phng my. i vi my pht nh, bnh cha nhin liu bng thp hoc bng cao su c t chn my v ni vi ng c bng ng dn. Bnh nhin liu c th cung cp nhin liu cho my pht hot ng trong 8 h. i vi bnh cha ln nhin liu co th cho my pht hot ng trong 24h. 8.2 Bn cha nhin liu ln: Trong trng hp mun my pht hot ng lu hn chng ta c th s dng b cha ln c bit l cc my pht m khng c cung cp nhin liu thng xuyn. Thng thng b cha nhin liu c t bn ngoi c th d dng np nhin liu lau ra cng nh kim tra, nhng khng nhin liu tip xc vi thi tit lnh v du diesel c th b ng v rt kh chy. Bnh cha c th c t ngm hoc bn trn mt t. B cha nhin liu phi c l thng hi lm gim p sut ca du. S khc nhau v chiu cao ca b cha nhin liu v bnh nhin liu l rt quan trng. Chiu cao gii hn ca bm in l 4m do b cha nhin liu phi c chiu cao khng thp hn bnh cha nhin liu tc l hn 4m. 8.3 ng dn nhin liu: ng ng dn nhin liu c th lm bng st hay ng mm tu theo mi trng s dng. Ch : ng vn chuyn nhin liu phi rng ging nh l nhin liu trn thn my, trong khi ng thot phi to hn m bo rng dng cht lng nhin liu c th chy d dng theo ng ng dn di v nhit ca ng ng khng cao. ng mm nn c s dng ni vo ng c nhm trnh b r r bi lc rung khi ng c chy. H thng ng dn nhin liu khng c ngn hn 50mm bt u t im cao nht ca bnh cha nhin liu n van x. Nhin liu tiu chun l tiu ch quan trng nht cho tui th v s hot ng n nh ca ng c, cch
tt nht l t mt mng lc gia bm v mng lc ng c. 9 Phng trnh ho hon Trong qu trnh lp t my pht cc bc sau cn c quan tm: Nu c ho hon cn phi di chuyn my pht ngay lp tc. Phi chun b bnh cu ho loi BC/ABC Van chng la s t ng ct ng dn nhin liu t bnh nhin liu n ng c. 10 c quy khi ng Cnh bo ! Khng ht thuc hoc s dng la bn cnh c quy v n c th gy chy n. c quy phi c t gn ng c d dng cho vic duy tr v khi ng ng c. 11 u ni dy u ni dy gia my pht v ti phi c thc hin bi nhng ngi cng nhn dy dn kinh nghim t cng tc bo tr ln sa cha. Cnh bo ! u ni dy phi c thc hin theo cc tiu chun ca nghnh in hoc cc yu cu khc bao gm yu cu v ni t v bo li chm t. 11.1 Dy ni: Dy ni my pht phi mm nhm trnh b h hng bi s rung ng ca my pht khi vn hnh. Nu trong qu trnh lp t khng c u ni mm th phi dng hp u ni dy t ngay cnh my pht ni dy. u ni dy phi c t trong h thng ng cch in nhng khng c gn cht vo my pht. Nu dy ni cn phi un cong hy chn v tr sao cho ch un l t nht. Dy ngun phi ph hp vi in th v cng dng in u ra ca my pht. Khi lp t nn quan tm n nhit la chon phng thc hay dy dn cho ph hp. i vi dy ng li n, v ngoi phi lm t kim loi khng nhim t nh nhm hay ng hoc vt liu khng phi kim loi nh Teflon. Tt c nhng im kt ni trn b mt u phi bc kn. 11.2 Bo v: Cc im ni ca my pht v ti cn c bo v bi my ct. My ct s t ng ct mch khi qu ti hoc ngn mch. 11.3 Ti: Cn bng ti cn phi tnh n khi thit k h thng cung cp in nng, khng c ti mt pha ln hn rt nhiu pha khc s dn n hng cun ht ca my pht. S mt cn bng ti cng s dn n lm h hng cc thit b in 3 pha khc. Gi cho
dng in mt pha khng cao hn dng in my pht. Nu bn mun kt ni my pht vi mt ngun in c sn, bn phi lu ti s nh hng ca vic phn b in nng ti s cn bng ca ti. 11.4 COS: H s COS ca ti cn c tnh ton n., nu COS thp hn 0.8 s dn n s qu ti ca my pht. H s COS hot ng trong khong t 0.8-1 l tt nht. Ch rng cc s c xy ra do COS trong sut qu trnh lp t t ng hay bng tay nn c loi tr bi v COS s dn n in th khng n nh hay lm hng in cao th. Thng thng thit b n nh h s COS phi tt khi my pht ang pht in. 11.5 Tip a: Mi khu vc c mt tiu chun tip a khc nhau. B my phi c ni vi t. Tip a phi c t n nh trnh b h hng bi rung ca my khi hot ng. 11.6 Kh nng kt ni li ca b pht in xoay chiu : phn ln b pht in xoay chiu c th kt ni li tu thuc vo cc in th u ra khc nhau. Hy vn hnh my tun theo s tay hng dn s dng u pht xoay chiu. Hy kim tra tng phn nh my ct, kho chuyn mch dng in, dy ni v ampe k ph hp vi cc loi in p trc khi pht in. 11.7 K nng vn hnh: Tiu chun ca my pht cn phi tun theo mt cch nghim chnh khi n hot ng. 11.8 Kim tra cch ly: Kim tra s cch in ca cun dy trc khi lp t. Phi ct my bin th t ng, to ra cu it quay trong ngn mch hoc ct ra v ct tt cc mch iu khin. S dng ng h o mga m 500V hoc cc thit b tng t kim tra tr khng ca u ni ti t sau khi tho b ca dy ni t im gia vi t. in tr cch ly phi cao hn 5M. Nu in tr cch ly thp hn 5M, phi ci to li cun ht theo cc bc nh trong s tay hng dn s dng AC generator. 12 Ting n Trong qu trnh lp t vic lm gim ting n v cng quan trng. C rt nhiu cch c th iu chnh c n. Cnh bo V chng n s bo v ngi vn hnh trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca my. 12.1 Thit b gim thanh: Nh ni n trong phn 4.8 thit b chng n s lm gim ting n xung. Cc thit b gim thanh khc nhau th s tc c dng khc nhau, c 4 cp l mi trng cng nghip,mi trng
sng, yu cu cao, yu cu cc cao. 12.2 V: Nh ni n trong phn 4.2, chc nng ca v chng n l chng thm v gim ting n. V c th thit k cho cc yu cu c bit v cc cp n. 12.3 Cch khc gim n: i vi my pht c lp t trong cc to nh c rt nhiu thit b dnh cho vic chng n v d nh: Hp chng n, ng thng gi ring bit, qut gim thanh, v cc vt liu chng rung. 13 Trung chuyn 13.1 Chun b trung chuyn: Hy kim tra tt c cc phn kt ni ca h thng my pht v cc thit b xem chng c b hng, n mn hay mt mt g khng. Kt ni xe vn chuyn v h thng my pht mt cch chc chn. Gn cc n ch th, dy tip t bng cc xch st. Khi vn chuyn cn phi ch vn cht cc bulng hoc phi c cc kho an ton gn cht thn my vo gi vn chuyn. m bo rng p sut lp l bnh thng v tt c h thng c quy hot ng tt. m bo rng h thng tip a v ng dn c tho ra, ca s v cc hp iu khin c kho an ton. Nu c phanh tay hy m n ra v ct b ming g chn di bnh xe. 13.2 Chuyn ch: Hy cn thn vi trng lng ca my pht, n c th ln hn ti trng ca xe chuyn ch, mt khc n c th nh hng n h thng phanh ca xe ti. Cnh bo ! Hy tun th theo cc quy tc, tiu chun v cc lut l giao thng bao gm cc quy tc v thit b vn chuyn v gii hn tc ca xe. ! Hy lun gi cho h thng phanh hot ng tt. ! Hy ngn khng cho bt k ai ngi hay ng gia thnh xe ti v my pht trnh xy ra cc tai nn trn ng vn chuyn. Chiu hng nghing ca my pht khng qu 15 (27%), hy trnh my pht vo cc h, , nhng ch t mm hay b mt khng n nh. m bo rng khi xe ti li th khng c mt vt cn no. 13.3 Dng xe: Hy dng xe ti nhng ni sch s, kh ro m c th chu c trng lng cu xe ti v my pht. Nu xe phi dng dc th xe ti phi di xuyn qua bn kia dc v dc khng c vt qu 15 (27%), ko phanh tay, chn bnh xe bng thanh g, t kch c trc v sau. Ci xch st, dy
buc, cc mi ni v chuyn my ra khi xe ti. 14 Lu kho: Lu kho lu ngy s nh hng n ng c v my pht xoay chiu, do phng thc lu kho ng s lm gim nhng nh hng . 14.1 Bo qun ng c diesel: Mun bo qun ng c th phi tun theo nhng bc trong quyn sch gii thiu v ng c v d nh: lau ra ng c, thay du bi trn hay bo qun. 14.2 Bo qun b pht in xoay chiu: Lung kh nng chy qua ng c khi n khng hot ng. Trong trng hp mun lm gim s tc ng ca lung kh nng hy t ng c ni kh ro v gi cho cun dy lun kh. Khi mun di chuyn h thng my pht n ni lp t, mi th cn phi kim tra tun th theo trong phn 14.3. Sau khi lm kh thit b, nu in tr dn thp hn 1M, th thit b c th b hng v cn sa cha. 14.5 Bo qun c quy: c quy cn phi xc y trong 12 tun ( cc nc nhit i l 8 tun) 3,55

CÂU HỎI KIỂM TRA CƠ ĐIỆN

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CÂU HỎI KIỂM TRA CƠ ĐIỆN

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CU HI KIM TRA C IN Cu 1: M BO CHT LNG THI CNG, GIA CNG VT LIU, GIM ST VIN CH CN KIM TRA CHT LNG

Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti TUDUONG Tm bi vit khc ca TUDUONG

Thnh vin th: 13 Tham gia ngy: 21-03-2008 Bi gi: 32 cm n: 17 c cm n 38 ln trong 11 bi

--------------- Webdien.Com ------- Ch k --------------EM TR LI, N HI HN XA..... 0909899405 c cm n bi:

Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti quocphunortel Tm bi vit khc ca quocphunortel

Thnh vin th: 13 Tham gia ngy: 21-03-2008 Bi gi: 32 cm n: 17 c cm n 38 ln trong 11 bi

c cm n bi: thanhcao87, valent

Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti quocphunortel Tm bi vit khc ca quocphunortel

--------------- Webdien.Com ------- Ch k --------------[JICK]epu c cm n bi:

Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti jickepu Tm bi vit khc ca jickepu

hoangdaiphu97, ikaka, valent

Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti TUDUONG Tm bi vit khc ca TUDUONG

Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti nguyenlongdp Tm bi vit khc ca nguyenlongdp

Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti quocphunortel Tm bi vit khc ca quocphunortel

Thnh vin th: 13 Tham gia ngy: 21-03-2008 Bi gi: 32 cm n: 17 c cm n 38 ln trong 11 bi

ikaka, LEMINHTHAI_ENGINEER, mrvuvn

Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti quocphunortel Tm bi vit khc ca quocphunortel

3. Chun b mt bng v kho cha thit b Mt bng thi

Xem h s Gi nhn tin ti quocphunortel Tm bi vit khc ca quocphunortel

Thnh vin th: 13 Tham gia ngy: 21-03-2008 Bi gi: 32 cm n: 17 c cm n 38 ln trong 11 bi

You might also like