Chng 2

C S D LIU QUAN H

H Cm H

Cc khi nim c bn
Min (Domain)
c t mt min ngi ta ch ra mt tn min, mt kiu d liu v khun dng d liu.

u l mt ch ci. Min Ho_ten (H tn) l tp cc dy ch ci c di khng qu 35. Min ien_thoai (S in thoi) l tp hp cc dy 7 ch s hp l i vi s in thoi.

V d 3.2: Min Ma_Sv l tp hp cc dy k t c di t 5 n 8, bt

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc khi nim c bn
Quan h (Relation)
Cho mt quan h r xc nh trn tp thuc tnh = {A1, A2, , An }. Khi r Dom(A1) Dom(A2) Dom(A3) Dom(An)

Nh vy quan h r l mt tp hp cc n_b c dng r = { (a1, a2 , . . ., an) ai Dom(Ai), i = 1, 2,,n }.

H Cm H

Chng 2

V d

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc khi nim c bn
Lc quan h (Relation scheme)

R = <, F>
l tp hu hn cc thuc tnh ca quan h, F l tp cc iu kin gia cc thuc tnh(rng buc ton vn).

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc khi nim c bn
Vi lc quan h R, theo thi gian, nhiu quan h c cu trc v rng buc ton vn c m t bi lc ny. Mi quan h nh vy cn c gi l mt th hin ca lc R. k hiu r(R) k hiu t[X], t[Ai] vi X

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc tnh cht c trng ca mt quan h

Mt quan h c mt tn phn bit vi tn cc quan h khc Mi trong bng (quan h) cha mt gi tr nguyn t Mi thuc tnh trong quan h c mt tn phn bit Cc gi tr ca mt thuc tnh thuc cng mt min

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc tnh cht c trng ca mt quan h

Th t cc thuc tnh l khng quan trng v quan h l mt tp hp. Cc b trong quan h l phn bit, ngha l khng c hai b ging ht nhau trong mt quan h Th t cc b khng quan trng v mt l thuyt

H Cm H

Chng 2

V d

H Cm H

Chng 2

Gi tr null
Cha bit Khng c Khng bit c hay khng

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc khi nim c bn
Kha ca quan h

Siu kha ca mt lc quan h R l mt tp hp gm mt hay nhiu thuc tnh ca lc R c tnh cht xc nh duy nht mt b trong mi th hin ca R. Kha ca mt lc quan h l mt siu kha ca lc ny sao cho mi tp con thc s ca n khng l siu kha

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc khi nim c bn
Kha d tuyn (candidate key) Kha chnh (primary key) thuc tnh kha, thuc tnh khng kha

Kha ngoi ca mt lc quan h l mt tp hp gm mt hay nhiu thuc tnh l kha ca mt lc quan h khc.
H Cm H Chng 2

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc rng buc ton vn

Rng buc thc th (kha) Rng buc tham chiu Rng buc ng ngha
H Cm H Chng 2

Cc thao tc cp nht d liu trn cc quan h

Php thm b (Insert)

INSERT <NHAN-VIEN; Nguyn Hng, Lan, 943775, 1106-56, 3 Nguyn Ch Thanh, 58000, 886655,3> INSERT <NHAN-VIEN; Nguyn Hng, Lan, 943775, 1106-56, 3 Nguyn Ch Thanh, bac 1, 886655,1 >

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc thao tc cp nht d liu trn cc quan h

Php xa (Delete)
DELETE <CHAM-CONG; MSNV=453453, MSDA=1> DELETE <NHAN-VIEN; MSNV=334455 >

H Cm H

Chng 2

Cc thao tc cp nht d liu trn cc quan h

Php sa i (Update)
MODIFY <NHAN-VIEN; MSNV=123456; LUONG = 4000> MODIFY <NHAN-VIEN; MSNV=123456; MSP=2>

H Cm H

Chng 2

Tm tt chng 2
lc quan h (cu trc ca quan h v cc rng buc) quan h l mt bng vi tt c cc b ang tn ti trong , bng ny l mt th hin ca lc quan h. siu kha l mt tp thuc tnh xc nh cc b mt cch duy nht trong quan h. kha d tuyn l cc siu kha nh nht. Kha chnh l mt kha d tuyn c chn dng nhn din cc b. Kha ngoi ca mt quan h l mt tp thuc tnh trong mt quan h c vai tr lm kha d tuyn trong mt quan h khc. Rng buc ton vn: thc th, tham chiu, ng ngha
H Cm H Chng 2

Xin cm n !

H Cm H

19