System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025

Requirement Specifications

Abbreviation
AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network
ATIS Airport Terminal Information Systems
AWOS Automated Weather Observing System
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ILS Instrument Landing System
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
HF High Frequency
HF-SSB High Frequency Single Sideband
MLS Microwave Landing System
RNP Required Navigation Performance
RNAV Area Navigation
UHF Ultra High Frequency
VHF Very High Frequency
VOLMET Mmeteorological information for aircraft in flight

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications

Statement of Needs
Overview
Following the discovery that the sea bed near Victor Harbour is not interesting for
undersea tours, Sealink has decided to diversify its business into offering joy flights to
‘Space’. Since there is no currently available hardware for providing this service
Sealink requires a complete system to provide this service, based within four hours
driving time of Adelaide.

“To provide a complete system to transport passengers for recreational flights to

space, that is, 100 kilometers or more above the Earth’s surface. The system must be
based within four hours driving time of Adelaide. The system must provide the
passengers with the thrill of space travel, the experience of weightlessness and must
provide a means for the passengers to view both Earth and space, from space. All this
must be developed with the aim of creating a viable business opportunity for the
customer.”

Needs

N2.1. The system needs to be compliant with regulatory boards like CASA/FAA.
N2.2. The system needs to be able to fly passengers from group station to space.
N2.3. The system needs to be able to bring passenger safely back from space.
N2.4. The spacecraft needs to be able to follow pre-determined route.
N2.5. The system needs to be reliable within its life cycle.
N2.6. The system needs to be able to operate under emergency situations.
N2.7. The system needs to have group support facility.
N2.8. The system needs to be able to facilitate communication between the control
tower and the staff onboard the spacecraft without any errors happening.
N2.9. The system needs to be regularly maintained to avoid any terminal errors
N2.10. The control tower needs to be situated close to where the system is located.

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications

Requirement Specifications
Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The system shall meet requirements derived from the Annex 3
“Meteorology Service for International Air Navigation” standard by ICAO. [1]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.1, N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.5
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The system shall meet requirements derived from the Annex 10
“Aeronautical Telecommunications” standard by ICAO. [1]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.1, N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.5
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The system shall meet the RNP (Required Navigation Performance)
requirements. [2]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.1, N2.2, N2.3, N2.4
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The present radio navigation system shall perform navigation routing
and non- precision approaches.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications
Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The present radio navigation system shall be able to coordinate with
satellite navigation systems.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The system shall have no less than four satellites to perform position
and velocity determination.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The spacecraft shall be able to receive information from broadcast
transmissions by satellites.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The satellite navigation system shall have an independent navigation
to perform on-board position determination.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The satellite navigation system shall have a back up dependent
navigation system to perform radio position determination.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The ground station shall have multiple ranging measurements to
transmit co-ordinate information to spacecraft.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications
Requirement: The satellite navigation system shall be able to perform landing
guidance procedures established by ICAO. [1]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The satellite navigation system shall have a multimode receiver to
perform in regions of ILS, MLS and GNSS approaches and landing procedures used.
[2]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The satellite navigation system shall be able to measure geocentric
altitude to determine vertical separation of 2,000ft between spacecraft. [2]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The spacecraft shall have RNAV equipped to perform routing
independently from ground station navigation aids. [2]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The position determination accuracy shall be at 100 meters horizontal
and 157 meters vertical at 95 percent probability. [1]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The ground station shall have no less than three globally dispersed
ground antennas. [1]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications
Requirement: The ground station shall have no less than three globally dispersed
monitor sub-stations. [1]
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The system shall be able to monitor the health status of the satellite
signals to detect false signals.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The system shall be able to correct and re-send integrated signals to
spacecraft.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The ground station shall be able to calculate and transmit corrections
to each satellite.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The system shall have additional ranging sources to improve
performance of GNSS. GNSS???????
Priority: Medium
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The system shall have back-up landing procedure in case of
emergency.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications
Requirement: The system shall have latest weather forecast technology.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.4, N2.6
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: Ground terminal shall be capable of monitoring weather conditions in
a radius of no less than 250 kilometres from the ground terminal.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.6, N2.7
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration, Simulation.

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: Ground terminal shall be capable of aborting a mission in progress.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.6, N2.7
Group: Technical
Verification: Method: Simulation.

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: Ground terminal shall ensure that Space Transport Units under storage
are not exposed to temperature greater than 30 degrees Celsius. SUN in space????
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.7
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration.

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: Ground terminal shall be capable of maintaining around the clock
surveillance recording.
Priority: Medium
Traceability: N2.7
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration, Analysis

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: Ground terminal shall be capable have information and data security
system.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.7
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration, Analysis

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications
Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: Ground terminal shall have computer system/network security during
flight so that no intruder can negatively impact the provision of services.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.6, N2.7
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration, Analysis

Requirement Identifier:
Requirement: The system shall have VHF communication systems, HF
communication systems, UHF communication systems, interphones, public address
systems, microphones, speakers, and headsets, cockpit voice recorder, call systems,
audio integrated systems and static discharge systems in the landing base control
tower.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.5, N2.8
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have electrical wiring harnesses used to connect
spacecraft communication systems units.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.8, N2.9
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration
Requirement Identifier:

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have flight management computers, Engine
Indicating and Crew Alerting System, performance data computer, and flight and
maintenance data recorder.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.5, N2.8
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have appropriate electronic measuring instruments to
troubleshoot a spacecraft communication system to unit, or component level where
applicable, and isolate the defective item(s).
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.5, N2.8, N2.9
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have document removal and replacement action
performed on spacecraft communication systems in accordance with maintenance
directives and Federal regulations

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.5, N2.8, N2.9
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: Staff shall be fully aware of the air to ground data link provided by the
Arinc Communications Addressing and Reporting System
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.6, N2.8, N2.9
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have local area VHF and UHF mobile and portable
systems
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.8
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have long-haul wireless HF-SSB systems
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.8
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have ATIS & VOLMET ATIS (Airport Terminal
Information Systems) and VOLMET (Meteorological information transmitted to
spacecraft in flight) systems
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.5, N2.8, N2.9
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have an EATIS to convert ATIS (VOLMET)
messages, generated from a variety of sources (AFTN, AWOS, operator input, etc.),
into clear and concise human speech for distribution to spacecraft and ground stations.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.5, N2.8, N2.9
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have a Message Switch a state-of-the-art
Meteorological Message Switching System (MMS).
Priority: High

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.5, N2.8, N2.9
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have special in-building repeaters and bidirectional
amplifiers for localized indoor coverage to cater to spotty coverage or gaps where the
use of cell phone and two-way radios is not reliable.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.2, N2.3, N2.5, N2.8, N2.9
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have dedicated systems to expand the airport’s own
two way communication system or trunk radio systems.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.8
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have two way radios used by security personnel,
airport employees, construction workers, airport shuttles etc.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.8
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have on-site operator and maintenance training for all
communication systems.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.8, N2.9
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have no less than 1 telephone terminal per 10 patrons
at the airport itself for communication purposes.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.8
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

Requirement Identifier
Requirement: The system shall have a common alert system in the airport to inform
passengers of any important information.
Priority: High
Traceability: N2.8

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong

System Engineering 2 – EEET 2025
Requirement Specifications
Group: Technical
Verification: Demonstration

References
[1] International Civil Aviation Organization, International Standards and
Recommended Practices (SARPs) Annex 10: Aeronautical Telecommunications

[2] Vicent, P and Galotty, Jr (1998), The Future Air Navigation System (FANS),
Cambridge UK.

[3] Composite Technologies, viewed online at <www.composite.co.za/template.php>

[4] Definitions, viewed online at <www.wikipedia.org>

[5] How stuff works, viewed online at <www.howstuffworks.com>

Done by Vu, Tam Ha – Xuan Guo – Min Ting Gladys Yong