CeII Structure CeII Structure

and Function and Function

CeII Theory CeII Theory
AII Iiving things are made up of ceIIs.
CeIIs are the smaIIest working units of
aII Iiving things.
AII ceIIs come from preexisting ceIIs
through ceII division.
efinition of CeII efinition of CeII
A ceII is the smaIIest unit that is
capabIe of performing Iife
functions.
xampIes of CeIIs xampIes of CeIIs
Amoeba Proteus
PIant Stem
Red BIood CeII
Nerve CeII
Bacteria
StructuraI Organization StructuraI Organization
PIasma membrane
NucIeus
NA containing region
Prokaryotic ceIIs - no nucIeus
CytopIasm
OrganeIIes
Cell Membrane Cell Membrane
ipid biIayer
Composed of phosphoIipids
FIuid mosaic modeI
Membrane proteins
Transport proteins "channeIs"
Receptor proteins
Recognition proteins
Adhesion proteins
Major CeIIuIar Components Major CeIIuIar Components
NucIeus
Membranous OrganeIIes
ndopIasmic reticuIum
GoIgi body
VesicIes
Mitochondria
Nonmembranous OrganeIIes
Ribosomes
CytoskeIeton
NucIeus NucIeus
IsoIates NA
NucIear enveIope
2 Iipid biIayers with pores
NucIeoIus
Inside nucIeus
Where some proteins and RNA buiIt
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Chromosome
ndopIasmic ReticuIum ndopIasmic ReticuIum
Interconnected tubes
Begin at nucIeus
Rough endopIasmic reticuIum (R)
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Smooth R
ipid synthesis
GoIgi Body GoIgi Body
FinaI processing of proteins
Formation of vesicIes
VesicIes VesicIes
ysosomes
Contain enzymes
"igestive system of the ceII"
Peroxisomes
SmaIIer than Iysosomes
Contain enzymes aIso
Breakdown fatty acids and toxins
Mitochondria Mitochondria
"Powerhouse of the ceII"
Make ATP
nergy carriers
Two membranes
Intermembrane space
Important roIe in ATP synthesis
Has its own NA and ribosomes
SeIf-repIicate
PIant OrganeIIes PIant OrganeIIes
ChIoropIasts
oubIe membrane
Stroma
Photosynthetic synthesis of ATP
CentraI vacuoIe
Storage
CytoskeIeton CytoskeIeton
Interconnected system of protein fibers
CeII shape
StabiIize position of organeIIes
Movement
Types of cytoskeIetaI proteins
MicrotubuIes
MicrofiIaments
Intermediate fiIaments
CeII Movement CeII Movement
Shorten or Iengthen microtubuIes or
microfiIaments
Pseudopods
ParaIIeI rows of microtubuIes or
microfiIaments sIide in specific
directions
MuscIe fibers
MicrotubuIes or microfiIaments move
organeIIes
CytopIasmic streaming
FIageIIa and CiIia FIageIIa and CiIia
Same basic structure
Ring of 9 pairs of microtubuIes
surrounding a centraI pair
CeII WaIIs CeII WaIIs
Wraps around the pIasma membrane
Protects and physicaIIy supports
Found in:
PIant ceIIs
Protistans
Fungi
CeII to CeII Junctions CeII to CeII Junctions
xtraceIIuIar Matrix
Meshwork secreted by ceIIs
HoIds ceIIs together
Tight Junctions
BIood brain barrier
Adhering Junctions
Connect ceIIs Iike buttons or zipper
Gap Junctions
ink cytopIasm of adjacent ceIIs by
channeIs
Bacteria Bacteria
Prokaryotic
NA cIustered in one region of
cytopIasm
SmaIIest and simpIest ceIIs
CeII waII
Ribosomes
FIageIIa
No cytoskeIeton
Important questions
1. The ceII is ....
2. The ceII membrane consists of....
3. The main function of the ribosomes is .... and they are mainIy exist
on.......
4. The Rough ndopIasmic ReticuIum (RR) differs from the Smooth
ndopIasmic ReticuIum (SR) mainIy in three points such
as..............., ............ and...........
5. The two functions of "GoIgi" body are:
A). ................ and B)..............
6. The reIationship between the Rmooth ndopIasmic ReticuIum (RR) and
GoIgi is ......
7. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the ceII because they are responsibIe
for.....
8. The basic internaI structure of the ciIia and/or fIageIIa in the animaI ceII is
consisted of .... of microtubuIes surrounding another centraI ..........