LECTURE 1

MATHEMATICAL LOGIC

LOGIC

DEALS WITH THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF JUDGING THE TRUTH OR FALSITY OF A STATEMENT.

THE STUDY OF THE METHODS AND PRINCIPLES USED TO DISTINGUISH CORRECT REASONING FROM INCORRECT REASONING.

1.
2.

MAYON VOLCANO IS IN ALBAY PROVINCE.

14 IS AN ODD NUMBER.

3. 4
5 6. 7.

X + 3 = 5. HE WROTE THE NOVEL NOLI ME TANGERE ".

COME AND SEE US. LONG LIVE THE QUEEN ! HOW ARE YOU ?

PROPOSITION
A STATEMENT THAT IS EITHER TRUE OR FALSE BUT NOT BOTH TRUE AND FALSE UNDER THE SAME CONDITION.

CONJUNCTION

IF P AND Q DENOTE TWO PROPOSITIONS, THE COMPOUND PROPOSITION p AND q , WRITTEN SYMBOLICALLY AS p q, IS CALLED THE CONJUNCTION OF p AND q OR SIMPLY A CONJUNCTION.

TABLE 1 A
p T T F F q T F T F pq T F F F

THE CONJUNCTION p q = JUNE HAS 30 DAYS AND 3 IS ODD. p q IS TRUE BECAUSE p IS TRUE AND q IS ALSO TRUE. THE CONJUNCTION p q = 4 IS DIVISIBLE BY 2 AND 5 + 3 = 7.

p q IS FALSE BECAUSE p IS TRUE AND q IS FALSE.

DISJUNCTION
IF p AND q DENOTE TWO PROPOSITIONS, THE COMPOUND PROPOSITION p OR q , WRITTEN SYMBOLICALLY AS p q, IS CALLED THE DISJUNCTION OF p AND q .

TABLE 1 B
p T T F F q T F T F pq T T T F

EXERCISE 1.1
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES ARE PROPOSITIONS. DETERMINE THE TRUTH VALUE IF POSSIBLE. 1. 3. 5. MANY HAPPY RETURNS OF THE DAY. X 5 = 2. PLEASE CALL ME UP.

7. AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE IS ALSO ISOSCELES. 9. 4 + 8 32.

EXERCISE 1.1
IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, CONSTRUCT THE CONJUNCTION AND DISJUNCTION. DETERMINE THE TRUTH VALUE OF EACH. 11. THE MOON IS LARGER THAN THE EARTH. EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES ARE ALSO EQUIANGULAR. 13. THE AREA OF ACIRCLE IS 2R. 6 - 4 = 4 - 6.

EXERCISE 1.1
USE TABLE 1A AND 1B TO CONSTRUCT THE TRUTH TABLE FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING. 15. pqr. 17. pqr.

NEGATION
THE DENIAL OF A STATEMENT IS CALLED NEGATION. EXAMPLE 3 IS ODD. 3 IS NOT ODD. IT IS NOT TRUE THAT 3 IS ODD.

IT IS FALSE THAT 3 IS ODD. SYMBOL