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Algay
Algay
High removal of nitrogen and phosphorous is possible, given that CO2 is added; wastewater is carbon limited for algal growth. Additionally, HRAP water treatment can cost up to a full 2/3 less than the CASP. Moreover, energy costs of the activated sludge process can be 200-400 % more than that of HRAP processes. [?]
References
[1] R. J. Craggs, S. Heubeck, T. J. Lundquist, and J.R. Benemann. Algal biofuels from wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds. Water Science Technology, 63:660 665, 2011.