Tit 66

CHNG 8: PHN BIT MT S HP CHT V C BI 40: NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH
A. MUC TIEU BAI HOC: 1. Ve kien thc: - Hieu cach s dung mot so thuoc th phan tch. - Hieu c cach nhan biet mot so cation va anion vo c n gian trong dung dch. 2. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang viet phng trnh hoa hoc dang ion rut gon. - Ren luyen k nang quan sat, nhan xet cac hien tng hoa hoc. B. CHUAN B: 1. Giao vien: - Hoa chat, dung cu th nghiem: * Dung dch cac muoi: NaCl, KCl, BaCl2, NH4Cl, CrCl3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)2, MgSO4, CuSO4 * Dung dch thuoc th phan tch : NaOH, NH3, Na2HPO4, H2SO4 loang. * Manh ong kim loai. - S o phan tch mot so nhom ion. - Ong nghiem , gia ong nghiem, kep go. 2. Hoc sinh: - On lai tnh chat hoa hoc cua mot so chat co lien quan en bai hoc: cac hp chat cua nhom, muoi amoni, hp chat sat (II), sat (III), hp chat crom (III) . . . - Cach viet va y ngha cua phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc dang ion rut gon. C. PHNG PHP: nu vn , m thai D. CAC HOAT ONG DAY HOC: 1. On nh trat t: 2. vao bai mi: I. NHAN BIET CAC CATION KIM LOAI KIEM Na+ , K+, NH4+ Hoat ong 1: GV: at cau hoi: Da vao tnh chat nao e nhan biet cac cation kim loai kiem va amoni. Dung cu va cac thuoc th dung e nhan biet cac cation nay la g? GV: Co the cung cap them thong tin hoac gi y e hoc sinh nh lai cac ac iem ve tnh chat cua cac ion nay. Ket luan: - Nhan biet cation kim loai kiem (Na+ , K+ ) bang cach th mau ngon la

- Thuoc th dung e nhan biet ion NH4+ la dung dch kiem. II. NHAN BIET CAC CATION Ca2+, Ba2+ Hoat ong 2: GV: Yeu cau hoc sinh da vao SGK tra li cau hoi: co the dung thuoc th g e nhan biet cac ion Ca2+, Ba2+ ? neu trong dung dch Ba2+ co lan ion Ca2+ th nhan biet ion Ba2+ bang cach nao? Tai sao can phai tach ion Ba2+ va Pb2+ trc khi nhan biet ion Ca2+ ? GV: Can nhan manh cac ac iem : ion Ca2+ khong can tr viec nhan biet ion Ba2+ neu tao moi trng axit axetic cho dung dch nhan biet. V khi o ket tua BaCrO4 mau vang ti khong tan, con ket tua CaCrO4 lai tan ra. Neu trong dung dch can nhan biet ion Ca2+ co cha ong thi ion Ba2+ va ion Pb2+ th trc het can phai tach ion nay ra khoi dung dch v cac ion nay cung tao thanh ket tua vi thuoc th amoni oxalat kho tan trong axit axetc loang. III. CACH NHAN BIET CAC CATION Al3+ Hoat ong 3: GV: Neu van e: Hai ion Al3+ co tnh chat hoa hoc g ? Thuoc th cua nhom cac ion nay la g? Bang phng phap hoa hoc, phan biet ion nay bang cach nao? Viet cac PTHH dung e nhan biet di dang ion rut gon. GV: gi y hoc sinh nh lai tnh chat hoa hoc cua 2 ion Al3+ a c hoc e hoc sinh hieu c Tai sao thuoc th nhom cua cac ion nay la dung dch kiem. GV: Can noi ro cho hoc sinh thay: IV. NHAN BIET CAC CATION Fe2+, Fe3+ , Cu2+, Mg2+ : Hoat ong 4: GV: Neu cau hoi: Cac ion Fe2+, Fe3+ , Cu2+, Mg2+ co nhng tnh chat g giong va khac nhau? Thuoc th nhom cua nhom cac ion nay lag? Bang cach nao co the phan biet c cac ion nay? Viet PTHH a dung di dang ion rut gon

Cac ion Fe2+, Fe3+ , Cu2+, Mg2+ kha quen vi hoc sinh. HS hieu c phng phap nhan biet va cac thuoc th can dung nh SGK a trnh bay GV: Can nhac hoc sinh lu y : - Dung dch cac ion tren eu co mau: Dung dch cua Fe3+ co mau o nau. Dung dch cua Fe2+ co mau xanh rat nhat Dung dch cua Cu2+ co mau xanh da tri Dung dch cua Mg2+ khong mau V vay cac dung dch muoi nay ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet th ch can da vao mau sac cung co the nhan biet c. - Ket tua Mg(OH)2 khac vi cac ket tua cua hiroxt con lai cho no co the tan c trong dung dch muoi amoni. Thuoc th ac trng cua ion Mg2+ la dung dch Na2HPO4. - Cac ion Fe2+, Fe3+ , Cu2+, Mg2+ eu co thuoc th ac trng nen nhan biet c rat de dang. V. NHAN BIET MOT SO ANION NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32Hoat ong 5: HS: Tra li cau hoi: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua cac anion NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32- la g? Thuoc th dung e nhan biet cac onion NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32- la g? Thuoc th nhom cua cac halogenua la g?da vao ac iem g e phan biet cac ion Cl- vi cac halogenua con lai. Viet cac PTHH cua cac phan ng a dung e nhan biet di dang ion rut gon. GV: Can nhac cho hoc sinh nh lai rang: S co mat cua nhieu ion trong dung dch phu thuoc vao s co mat cua cac ion khac. Chang han, dung dch a cha ion NH4+ th khong the co d ion OH- ; trong moi trng axit cac ion HCO3-, CO32-, SO32_ khong the ton tai. a so cac anion ton tai trong dung dch cung vi cac cation kim loai kiem, amoni trong moi trng axit. Hoat ong 6: GV: s dung bai tap 1,2,4 SGK e cung co kien thc trong tam cua tiet 1. Hoat ong 7: GV: Thc hien mot so th nghiem khong co ieu kien cho hoc sinh lam nh th mau ngon la e nhan biet ion Na+, K+ . GV: Cach tien hanh nh SGK HS: Quan sat va cho nhan xet.

Hoat ong 8: GV: Chuan b cac mau can phan tch, giao noi dung th nghiem va dung cu hoa chat cho tng nhom hoc sinh. Nen co 2 nhom hoc sinh co cung noi dung th nghiem e so sanh ket qua. Cho cac nhom hoc sinh tien hanh phan tch. GV: Co the chuan b cac mau phan tch nh sau: Mau 1: Nhan biet cac ion NH4+, Ca2+, Ba2+ ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet Mau 2: Nhan biet cac ion Al3+, Cr3+, Mg2+ ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet Mau 3: Nhan biet cac ion Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+ ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet Mau 4: Nhan biet cac ion NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32- ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet - Nhom trng cua tng nhom len nhan noi dung th nghiem va hoa chat. Hoat ong 9: - Da vao SGK va kien thc a c trao oi tiet hoc th nhat, tng nhom len ke hoach lam th nghiem . - GV: kiem tra ke hoach cua tng nhom - c s ong y cua GV, HS bat au lam th nghiem Hoat ong 10: - Lan lt tng nhom HS bao cao trc lp ket qua thu c - Cac nhom khac co the neu cau hoi thac mac hoac bo sung y kien - GV ghi nhan xet va ket luan. Tit 67

NHN BIT MT S CHT KH

A. MUC TIEU BAI HOC: 1. Ve kien thc: - Bit cch nhn bit mt s cht kh bng phng php thch hp 2. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang viet phng trnh hoa hoc dang ion rut gon. - Ren luyen k nang quan sat, nhan xet cac hien tng hoa hoc. B. CHUAN B: 1. Giao vien: - Hoa chat, dung cu th nghiem: * Dung dch cac muoi: NaCO3,NaHCO3, Ba(OH)2,BaSO3,HCl ,FeS - S o phan tch mot so nhom ion. - Ong nghiem , gia ong nghiem, kep go. 2. Hoc sinh:

- On lai tnh chat hoa hoc cua mot so chat co lien quan en bai hoc: CO2, SO2,H2S - Cach viet va y ngha cua phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc dang ion rut gon. C. PHNG PHP: nu vn , m thai D. CAC HOAT ONG DAY HOC: 1. On nh trat t: 2. Kim tra bi c: a.trnh bi cch nhn bit cc ion Al3+, NH+4, Ba2+ trong cng mt dung dch? b. Trnh by cch tch hai ion Fe2+, Al3+ ra khi dung dch? Hat ng 1: I. Nguyn tc chung nhn bit mt cht kh: HS: nu nguyn tc chung? GV: Da vo tnh cht vt l hoc tnh cht ha hc c trng Hat ng 2: II. Nhn bit mt s cht kh 1. Nhn bit kh CO2 GV: nu tnh cht ca kh CO2 HS: nu cc mui c th /c c kh CO2 Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O KHCO3 + HCl KCl + CO2 + H2O Vit phng trnh ion rt gn GV: dn kh CO2 qua dd Ca(OH)2 ,Ba(OH)2 . Nu hin tng Ba(OH)2 + CO2 BaCO3 + H2O BaCO3 + CO2 +H2O Ba(HCO3)2 tan HS: gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng Hat ng 3: 2. Nhn bit kh SO2 GV: nu tnh cht ca kh SO2 HS: nu mt s mui c th /c c kh SO2 CaSO3 + HCl CaCl2 + SO2 + H2O HS: vit phng trnh phn ng /c kh SO2 GV: Nu phng php nhn bit kh SO2 bng dd Br2 Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr HS: vit phng trnh phn ng Hat ng 3: 3. Nhn bit kh H2S GV: nu tnh cht ca kh H2S Na2S + HNO3 NaNO3 + H2S HS: nu nhng mui sunfua no kt ta cp mu v mui no c th kt hp vi ion S2- to kt ta. H2S + Cu(NO3)2 CuS + 2HNO3 GV: nu phng php nhn bit chng HS: vit phng trnh ha hc phn t v ion rt gn Hat ng 4: 4. Nhn bit kh NH3 GV: nu tnh cht ca kh NH3 2NH4NO3 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(NO3)2 + 2NH3 +2 H2O

HS: nu phng php /c kh NH3 t nhng mui no? Vit phng trnh phn ng? Giy qu tm thm nc GV: nu phng php nhn bit kh NH3, hin tng v gii thch HS: vit phng trnh ha hc. Hat ng 5: Cng c: 1. C th dng nc vi phn bit c kh SO2 v CO2 khng? Khng HS: gii thch v sao khng ? 2.Cho hai kh SO2 v CO2 ring bit: nu phng php nhn bit tng kh? GV: dng cht ddBr2

Tit 68

Luyn tp NHN BIT MT S HP CHT V C

A. MUC TIEU BAI HOC: 1. Ve kien thc: Cng c mt s kin thc v k nng nghn bit mt s ion v cht kh 2. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang viet phng trnh hoa hoc dang ion rut gon. B. CHUAN B: 1. Giao vien:Bi tp SGK 2. Hoc sinh: - On lai tnh chat hoa hoc cua mot so chat co lien quan en bai hoc: CO2, SO2,H2S - Cach viet va y ngha cua phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc dang ion rut gon. C. PHNG PHP: nu vn , m thai D. CAC HOAT ONG DAY HOC: Hat ng 1: I. Kin thc cn nh GV: yu cu HS xem bng 8.1 SGK v tr li cc cu hi sau: Cu hi: * Nhn bit ion Ba2+ bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t?

* Nhn bit ion Fe2+ bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? * Nhn bit ion Al3+ bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? * Nhn bit ion Cu2+ bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? * Nhn bit ion NH+4 bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? Hat ng 2: GV: yu cu HS xem bng 8.2 SGK v tr li cc cu hi sau: Cu hi:
* Nhn bit ion NO3 bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? 2 * Nhn bit ion SO4 bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? 2 * Nhn bit ion CO3 bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? * Nhn bit ion Cl bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? Hat ng 3:

GV: yu cu HS xem bng 8.2 SGK v tr li cc cu hi sau: Cu hi: * Nhn bit SO2 bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? * Nhn bit ion CO2 bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? * Nhn bit ion NH3 bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? * Nhn bit ion H2S bng cht th no? Nu hin tng? Vit phng trnh ion rt gn hoc phng trnh phn t? Hat ng 4: Bi tp: 1.SGK GV yu cu HS tr li 2 GV: hng dn: Cho dd cha SO4 vo cc dd cho, nu c kt ta trng l dd c cha ion Ba2+. Hai dd cn li cho tc dng vi dd NH3 d, to ra kt ta mu nu l dd cha ion Fe3+, to ra kt ta mu xanh ri tan l dd cha ion Cu2+. 2 Ba2+ + SO4 BaSO4 Fe3+ +3NH3+ 3H2O Fe(OH)3 + 3 NH 4
+ +

Cu2+ +2NH3+ 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + 2 NH 4 Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 2. SGK p n D. V

NH4Cl + NaOH : c kh NH3 bay ra c mi khai, qu tm thm nc i thnh mu xanh. FeCl2 + NaOH: c kt ta mu xanh nht Al(OH)3 + NaOH: kt ta trng xut hin, ng thi tan dn thnh dd trong sut MgCl2+ NaOH: kt ta trng xut hin Cu(OH)2 + NaOH: kt ta xanh xut hin, ng thi kt ta tan dn thnh dd trong sui 3.SGK p n B NaCl+ qu tm: khng i mu Na2CO3 + qu tm: i thnh mu xanh KHSO3+ qu tm thnh mu CH3NH2+ qu tm: i thnh mu xanh 4. SGK GV hng dn: Giy c thm dd Pb(NO3)2 vo 2 dd cho, dd no chuyn giy sang mu en th l dd (NH4)2S Hoc nh dd BaCl2 22 dd cho, dd no chuyn sang kt ta trng l (NH4)2SO4 HS: vit pt phn ng 5. SGK GV hng dn: Cho hn hp kh qua nc Br2, thy nc brom nht mu dn l kh SO2 Dn kh cn li qua dd Ca(OH)2 thy dd c xut hin kt ta CaCO3 Dn kh c li qua H2 nhit cao, thy c Cu mu l kh H2 HS: vit phng phn ng Tit 69: CHNG 9: HA HC V VN PHT TRIN KINH T , X HI , MI TRNG Chng 8: HA HC V VN KINH T X HI MI TRNG Bi 43:

HA HC V NHNG VN PHT TRIN KINH T

I. Mc tiu ca bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Bit nhng vn t ra cho nhn loi: Ngun nng lng b cn kit, khan him nhin liu, cn nhng vt liu mi p ng yu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi. - Bit c ha hc s gp phn gii quyt nhng vn , nh to ra ngun nng lng mi, nhng vt liu mi... 2. K nng: - c v tm tt thng tin bi hc. - Vn dng kin thc hc trong chng trnh ph thng minh hc - Tm thng tin t cc phng tin khc hoc t thc tin cuc sng. II. Chun b: 1. Tranh ng t liu c lin quan nh ngun nng lng cn kit, khan him.. 2. Mt s thng tin, t liu cp nht nh: nh my in nguyn t, t s dng nhin liu hidro, vt liu nano, cmpozit... 3. a hnh c ni dung v mt s qu trnh sn xut ha hc. III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc Hot ng 1: Vn nng lng v nhin liu: GV yu cu hc sinh c nhng thng tin trong bi, s dng kin thc c...tho lun v tr li cc cu hi sau:

1. Nng lng v nhin liu c vai tr nh th no i vi s pht trin ni chung v s pht trin kinh t ni ring ? 2. Vn nng lng v nhin liu ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l g ? 3. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu nh th no trong hin ti v tng lai ? Kt lun:

Nhn loi ang gii quyt vn thiu nng lng v khan him nhin liu do tiu th qu nhiu. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn ny l: Sn xut v s dng ngun nguyn liu nhn to thay th cho ngun nguyn liu thin nhin nh than, du m.. S dng cc ngun nng lng mi mt cch khoa hc.

Hot ng 2: Vn nguyn liu cho cng nghip: HS nghin cu sgk , c cc thng tin b sung s dng kin thc c, tr li cc cu hi sau: 1. Vn nguyn liu ang t ra cho cc ngnh kinh t l g ? 2. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th no ? HS tho lun thy c ngun nguyn liu ha hc ang c s dng cho cng nghip hin nay l : - Qung, khong sn v cc cht c sn trong v Tri t. - Khng kh v nc. l ngun nguyn liu rt phong ph trong t nhin v c s dng rng ri trong nhiu nhnh cng nghip ha hc. - Ngun nguyn liu thc vt. - Du m, kh, than l ngun nguyn liu cho cng nghip tng hp cht do, t si tng hp, cao su.... Kt lun: Nhn loi ang gp phi vn : Ngun nguyn liu t nhin ang s dng ngy cng cn kit. ha hc gp phn: s dng hp l c hiu qu ngun nguyn liu ch yu cho cng nghip ha hc. s dng li cc vt liu ph thi l hng tn dng nguyn liu cho cng nghip ha hc.

Hot ng 3: Vn vt liu: GV: a ra cc cu hi tho lun nh sau: 1. Vn ang t ra v vt liu cho cc ngnh kinh t l g ? 2. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th no ? Hot ng 4: Hng gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu cho tng lai:

HS quan st hnh nh v c nhng thng tin trong bi hc, tho lun v a ra nhng kin . GV: Hng dn HS tho lun, hon chnh v kt lun.

gii quyt vn khan him nng lng v cn kit ngun nguyn liu, c 3 phng hng c bn sau y: Tm cch s dng mt cch c hiu qu ngun nng lng v nhin liu hin c. Sn xut v s dng ngun nng lng v nhin liu nhn to... S dng cc ngun nng lng mi.

Tit 70 Bi 44: 1.

HA HC V CC VN X HI

2.

1. 2.

I. Mc tiu ca bi hc: Kin thc: Hc sinh hiu c ha hc gp phn p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng v lng thc, thc phm, may mc, thuc cha bnh v tng cng th lc cho con ngi, c th nh: - Sn xut c phn bn, thuc bo v v pht trin cy trng... - Sn xut t si tng hp to ra vi, len... - Sn xut ra cc loi thuc cha bnh, thuc b v thuc chng gy nghin,.... K nng: - Phn tch c mt vn ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay v lng thc, thc phm, may mc, sc kho. - Nu c hng gii quyt v v d c th v ng gp ca ha hc vi tng lnh vc nu trn. II. Chun b: Tranh nh, hnh v, cc nh my sn xut phn bn, thuc cha bnh... S liu thng k thc t v lng thc, dc phm... III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc:

Hot ng 1: Ha hc v vn lng thc, thc phm i vi con ngi. Tm hiu mt s vn ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay v lng thc, thc phm. GV yu cu HS tr li mt s cu hi. Vn v lng thc thc phm ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l g ? L do ti sao ? Kt lun: Do s bng n dn s v nhu cu ca con ngi ngy cng cao, do vn t ra i vi lng thc, thc phm l: Khng nhng cn tng v s lng m cn tng v cht lng. GV hi: Ha hc gp phn gp phn gii quyt nhng vn lin quan n lng thc, thc phm nh th no ? HS: tho lun cc ni dung: ng dng ca cc cht hc ,c bit l cabohidrat, cht bo, protein....v kin thc thc tin tho lun....v rt ra kt lun. Kt lun: Ha hc gp phn lm tng s lng v cht lng v lng thc, thc phm. Nghin cu v sn xut cc cht ha hc c tc dng bo v v pht trin ng thc vt nh: phn bn, thuc tr su, dit c, kch thch sinh trng.... Bng phng php ha hc, tng cng ch bin thc phm nhn to hoc ch bin thc phm theo cng ngh ha hc to ra sn phm c cht lng cao hn. Hot ng 2: Ha hc v vn may mc:

Hc sinh tm hiu vn may mc v ang t ra cho nhn loi v vai tr ca ha hc trong vic gii quyt cc vn trn nh th no ? - Nu con ngi ch da vo t si thin nhin nh bng, ay, gai,...th khng . - Ngy nay vic sn xut ra t, si ha hc p ng c nhu cu may mc cho nhn loi. - So vi t t nhin ( si bng, si gai, t tm), t ha hc nh t visco, t axetat, t nilon, ....c nhiu u im ni bt: dai, n hi, mm mi, nh, xp, p v r tin. - Cc loi t si ha hc c sn xut bng phng php cng nghip nn d p ng c nhu cu v s lng , cht lng v m thut. Hot ng 3: Ha hc v sc kho con ngi: Hc sinh c thng tin trong bi hc, vn dng kin thc thc tin v cc thng tin b sung v cc loi thuc v tm hiu thnh phn ha hc chnh ca mt s loi thuc thng dng. Nu mt s bnh him ngho cn phi c thuc c tr mi c th cha c.... T cho bit vn v ang t ra i vi ngnh dc phm v ng gp ca ha hc gip gii quyt vn nh th no ? Kt lun: - Nhiu loi bnh khng th ch dng cc loi cy c t nhin trc tip cha tr. - Ngnh Ha dc gp phn to ra nhng loi thuc tn dc c nhiu u th: s dng n gin , khi bnh nhanh, hiu qu c bit i vi mt s bnh do virut v mt s bnh him ngho... Hc sinh tm hiu mt s cht gy nghin , ma tu v c thi phng chng tch cc. Tm hiu sch gio khoa v tr li cc cu hi: 1. Ma ty l g ? 2. Vn hin nay ang t ra i vi vn maty l g ? 3. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th no ? nhim v ca ha hc ? Hot ng 4: Cng c v nh gi. Cc bi tp 1,2,3/sgk

Tit 71 Bi 45: HA HC V VN MI TRNG I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Hu nh hng ca ha hc i vi mi trng sng ( kh quyn, nc, t) - Bit v vn dng mt s bin php bo v mi trng trong cuc sng hng ngy. 2. K nng: - Bit pht hin mt s vn thc t v mi trng. - Bit gii quyt vn bng nhng thng tin thu thp c t ni dung bi hc, t cc kin thc bit, qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng,... II. Chun b: T liu, tranh nh, bng a v nhim mi trng, mt s bin php bo v mi trng sng Vit Nam v trn th gii. III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc:

Hot ng 1: nhim mi trng khng kh: GV yu cu hc sinh: 1. Nu mt s hin tng nhim khng kh m em bit ? 2. a ra nhn xt v khng kh sch v khng kh b nhim v tc hi ca n ? GV: Vy ngun no gy nhim khng kh ? 3. Nhng cht ha hc no thng c trong khng kh b nhim v gy nh hng ti i sng ca sinh vt nh th no ? HS: Tho lun nhm, tho lun ton lp v rt ra kt lun. Hot ng 2: nhim mi trng nc: HS: c ti liu , t cc thng tin khc, tr li cc cu hi: 1. Nu mt s hin tng nhim ngun nc ? 2. a ra nhn xt v nc sch, nc b nhim v tc hi ca n . 3. Ngun gy nhim nc do u m c ? 4. Nhng cht ha hc no thng c trong ngun nc b nhim v gy nh hng nh th no n con ngi v sinh vt khc ? Hot ng 3: nhim mi trng t: HS tho lun vi cu hi tng t nh trn. Hot ng 4: Nhn bit mi trng b nhim. GV: t vn : Bng cch no c th xc nh c mi trng b nhim ? HS : suy ngh, c nhng thng tin trong bi hc tr li cu hi v nu phng php xc nh . Mt s cch nhn bit mi trng b nhim: Quan st mu sc, mi. Dng mt s ha cht xc nh cc ion gy nhim bng phng php phn tch ha hc. Dng cc dng c o nh: nhit k, sc k, my o pH, ... xc nh nhit , cc ion v pH ca t, nc...

Hot ng 5: X l cht nhim nh th no ? GV: Nu tnh hung c th v yu cu hc sinh a ra phng php gii quyt. HS: c thm thng tin trong sch gio khoa, quan st hnh v th d v x l cht thi, kh thi trong cng nghip. Tin hnh tho lun nhm, phn tch tc dng ca mi cng an v rt ra nhn xt chung v mt s bin php c th trong sn xut, i sng v: - X l kh thi. - X l cht thi rn. - X l nc thi. Kt lun: x l cht thi theo phng php ha hc, cn cn c vo tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc ca mi loi cht thi chn phng php cho ph hp. Tit 72,73: N TP HC K V THI HC K 2

A. Mc tiu kin thc: Cng c: mt s kin thc quan trng: Tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim lai, tnh cht ca kim loi nhm IA,IIA,IIIA, Fe, Crm Cu, v hp cht tng ng K nng: ng dng tnh cht gii mt s bi tp B. Chun b GV: chun b bi tp HS: chun b n li cc kin thc : Tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim lai, tnh cht ca kim loi nhm IA,IIA,IIIA, Fe, Crm Cu v hp cht tng ng C. Phng php: nu vn d+ m thai
D. Cc hat ng dy hc Hat ng 1: GV cho HS lm cc bi tp di dng hnh thc kim tra th Cu 1 : Nhng l st nng 8 gam vo 500 ml dung dch CuSO 4 2M .Sau mt thi gian ly l st ra cn li thy khi lng ca n bng 8,8 gam .Xem th tch dung dch khng i th nng CuSO 4 sau phn ng bng bao nhiu ? A. 0,9 M B. 1,8 M C. 1 M D. 1,5 M Cu 2 :Mt hn hp X (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2) tch Fe2O3 ra khi hn hp X ,ta cn khuy X vo dung dch ly d A . H2SO4 B. HCI C. NaOH D. NaCl Cu 3 : C 5 mu kim loi: Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al. Nu ch dng dung dch H 2SO4 long c th nhn bit c nhng kim loi no ? A. Ba, Al, Ag B. Ag, Fe, Al C. Ag, Ba D. c 5 kim loi Cu 4: Ho tan hn hp gm: a mol Na2O v b mol Al2O3 vo nc th ch thu c dung dch cha cht tan duy nht. khng nh no ng ? A. a b B. a = 2b C. a=b D. a b Cu 5: Hm lng oxi trong mt oxit st FexOy khng ln hn 25%. Oxit st ny c th l: A. FeO B. Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4 D. khng xc nh c Cu 6: Hn hp X gm Zn v CuO. X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH sinh ra 4,48 lit kh H2 (ktc). ho tan ht X cn 400ml dung dch HCl 2M. khi lng X bng: A. 21 gam B. 62,5 gam C. 34,5 gam D. 29 gam Cu 7: St khng tc dng vi cht no sau y ? A. dung dch HCl long B. dung dch H2SO4 c nng C. dung dch CuSO4 D. dung dch Al(NO3)3 Cu 8: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ? A. ion Ag+ c th b oxi ho thnh Ag B. nguyn t Mg c th kh c ion Sn2+ C. ion Cu2+ c th oxi ha c nguyn t Al D. CO khng th kh MgO thnh Mg Cu 9: Nhm m cc kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 l: A. Ba, Mg, Hg B. Na, Al, Fe, Ba C. Al, Fe, Mg, Ag D. Na, Al, Cu Cu 10: cho s sau: Al A Al(OH)3 B Al(OH)3 C Al. cc k t A, B, C ln lt l: A. NaAlO2, AlCl3, Al2O3 B. Al2O3, AlCl3, Al2S3 C. KAlO2, Al2(SO4)3, Al2O3 D. A v C ng Cu 11: Trong cc phng php iu ch kim loi sau, phng php no khng ng ? A. iu ch nhm bng cch in phn nng chy Al2O3 B. iu ch Ag bng phn ng gia dung dch AgNO3 vi Zn C. iu ch Cu bng phn ng gia CuO vi CO nhit cao D. iu ch Ca bng cch in phn dung dch CaCl2 Cu 12: Ha tan ht 0,5 gam hn hp gm: Fe v kim loi ha tr 2 bng dung dch H 2SO4 long thu c 1,12 lit kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi ha tr 2 dng l: A. Ni B. Zn C. Mg D. Be Cu 13: Ha tan 8 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M ( ha tr 2, ng trc H 2 trong dy in ha) vo dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lit H2 (ktc). Mt khc ha tan 4,8 gam kim loi M th dng cha n 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi M l:

A. Zn B. Mg C. Ca D. Ba Cu 14: Mt vt bng hp kim Cu-Zn c nhng trong dung dch H2SO4 long, hin tng xy ra l: A. Zn b n mn, c kh H2 that ra. B. Zn b n mn, c kh SO2 thot ra. C. Cu b n mn, c kh H2 thot ra D. Cu b n mn, c kh SO2 thot ra. Cu 15: Mt dung dch cha a mol NaAlO2 tc dng vi mt dung dch cha b mol HCl. iu kin thu c kt ta Al(OH)3 sau phn ng l: A. a=2b B. b<4a C. a=b . b<5a Cu 16: Cho 2 cp oxi ha kh: Xx+/X ng trc cp Yy+/Y trong dy in ha. Pht biu no sau y khng dng ? A. tnh oxi ha ca Yy+ mnh hn Xx+ B. X c th oxi ho c Yy+ng trc cp Yy+/Y y+ C. Y c th oxi ha c X D. tnh kh ca X mnh hn Y Cu 17: Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch hn hp gm AlCl 3 v FeSO4, thu c kt ta A. Nung A trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn B. cho H 2 d qua B nung nng , phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn C. C c cha: A. Al v Fe B. Al2O3 v Fe C. Al, Al2O3, Fe v FeO D. Fe Cu 18: Phn ng no sau y thu c Al(OH)3 ? A. dung dch AlO2- + dung dch HCl B. dung dch AlO2- + dung dch Al3+ C. dung dch AlO2 + CO2/H2O D. c A, B, C Cu 19: kt ta hon ton Al(OH)3 c th dng cch no sau y ? A. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d. B. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d C. Cho dung dch NaAlO2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. D. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d. Cu 20: C 3 dung dch: NaOH, HCl, H2SO4. thuc th duy nht phn bit 3 dung dch trn l: A. Al B. CaCO3 C. Na2CO3 D. qu tm Cu 21: Khi in phn nng chy Al2O3 sn xut Al, ngi ta thm criolit (Na3AlF6) vo Al2O3 vi mc ch A. to lp mng bo v cho nhm lng B. tng tnh dn in ca cht in phn C. gim nhit nng chy ca cht in phn D. c A, B, C u ng Cu 22: in phn dung dch FeCl2 , sn phm thu c l: A. Fe, O2, HCl B. H2, O2, Fe(OH)2 C. Fe, Cl2 D. H2, Fe, HCl Cu 23: Cho dung dch cha cc ion: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, H+, Cl-+. mun loi c nhiu cation nht ra khi dung dch trn th nn dng ha cht no sau y ? A. dung dch NaOH B. dung dch Na2CO3 C. dung dch KHCO3 D. dung dch Na2SO4. Cu 24: Ha tan hon ton 2,32 gam Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c V ml kh X ( mu nu) ktc. V c gi tr l: A. 336 ml B. 112 ml C. 224 ml D. 448 ml Cu 25: Trong nc t nhin thng c ln nhng lng nh cc mui: Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2. C th dng mt ha cht no sau y loi ng thi cc cation trong cc mui trn ? A. NaHCO3 B. K2SO4 C. Na2SO4 D. NaOH Cu 26: cho s sau: + Fe + dd NH3 +HNO3 +HCl +Cl2 Fe A B A D E. Cc k t A, B, D, E ln lt l: A. FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OH)2, Fe(NO3)3 B. FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(OH)2, Fe(NO3)3 C. . FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OH)2, Fe(NO3)2 D. . FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OH)3, Fe(NO3)3 Cu 27: in phn dung dch NaCl n ht ( c mng ngn, in cc tr), cng dng n 1,61A th ht 60 pht. Thm 0,03 mol H2SO4 vo dung dch sau in phn th thu c mui vi khi lng: A. 4,26 gam B. 8,52 gam C. 6,39 gam D. 2,13 gam Cu 28: Cho 4 kim loi: Al, Fe, Mg, Cu v bn dung dch ZnSO4, AgNO3, CuCl2, Al2(SO4)3, kim loi no kh c c 4 dung dch mui trn : A. Mg B. Mg v Al C. Mg v Fe D. Cu

Cu 29: Hn hp X gm Al v Fe3O4. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hon ton thu c cht rn Y. Chia Y lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOh d thu c 6,72 lit H 2 (ktc). Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 26,88 lit kh H 2 (ktc). Khi lng Al v Fe3O4 trong hn hp u bng: A. 54g; 139,2g B. 29,7g; 69,6g C. 27g; 69,6g D. 59,4;g; 139,2g Cu 30: Trong qu trnh n mn in ha, in cc m xy ra: A. qu trnh oxi ha nc trong dd in li B. qu trnh kh kim loi C. qa trnh oxi ha kim loi D. qu trnh oxi ha oxi trong dd in li. Hat ng 2: GV sa bi cho HS lm cc bi tp di dng hnh thc kim tra th