Nhp mn L

A
T
E
X H Quc Trung Ph. D.
y l ti liu hng dn (handout) i km vi slides dnh cho kha hc nhp mn L
A
T
E
X .
Mi c nhn hc theo cc tc khc nhau. Nu gp kh khn, thc hin mt phn cc bi tp
e
. Nu bn c
th hc nhanh, hy lm cc bi tp ! . Li gii cho cc bi tp c cung cp km theo.
1 To mt ti liu
Mt file cha m L
A
T
E
X2

bt u bng command
\documentclass[options]{class}
khai bo loi ti liu s s dng. V d:
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
Ni dung ti liu cn c cha trong mi trng document :
\begin{document}
nh ngha im bt u
\end{document}
nh ngha im kt thc.
Tt c cc ti liu L
A
T
E
X cn c 3 dng:
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt] {article}
\begin{document}
\end{document}
Phn ch nghing c th khc nhau, phn cn li cn c g ng nh trn.
Bi tp 1
Bt u l mt bi tp n gin. Hnh v 1 trang 2 hin th ni dung ca tp exercise1.tex. Th to tp ny
bng cch s dng cc hng dn trong slides. Ch : ti liu s dng kh A4, 12 point text (mc nh 10).
Sau khi g xong m ngun, hy L
A
T
E
X m!. Cc tp sau y s c trong th mc hin ti: exercise1.aux,
exercise1.log and exercise1.dvi. Tp .aux l tp auxiliary , L
A
T
E
X dng cha cc thng tin tham chiu cho
v trch dn. Tp .log cha thng tin v tt c nhng g xy ra khiL
A
T
E
X m ngun. Tp .dvi l u ra c th c
hin th bng mt chng trnh dvi viewer. g ting Vit TCVN, hy thm
\begin{document}
\usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam}
vo ti liu.
T kim tra
Liu bn t mt du cch sau lnh \LaTeX?
Liu bn c thy text c canh l t ng, s trang t ng xut hin cui trang?
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 1
% exercise1.tex - a simple example file illustrating basic input
e
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
e
\begin{document}
e
This is a simple example that shows how easy it is to create a
e
\LaTeX\ file.
Note that the page is automatically numbered at the bottom.
Anything following a percent sign (\%) is ignored up to the end of
the line. %This is a comment, and will not appear in the document.
e
Todays date is \today.
e
This is the start of the second paragraph.
e
Footnotes are easy\footnote{Here is a footnote}.
It is possible to have notes in the margin\marginpar{like this}.
e
\end{document}
Hnh 1: Ni dung ca tp exercise1.tex. Nu cm thy kh, hy lm nhng phn nh du
e
Bng 1: Cc lnh thay i font
Lnh M Hin th
\textrm{text} \textrm{Roman} Roman
\textsf{text} \textsf{Sans serif} Sans serif
F
a
m
i
l
y

.
.

\texttt{text} \texttt{typewriter} typewriter

\textmd{text} \textmd{medium} medium
W
e
i
g
h
t

.
.

\textbf{text} \textbf{bold} bold

\textup{text} \textup{upright} upright
\textit{text} \textit{italic} italic
\textsl{text} \textsl{slanted} slanted
S
h
a
p
e

.
.

\textsc{text} \textsc{Small Caps} Small Caps

\emph{text} \emph{emphasized} emphasized
\textnormal{text} \textnormal{default} default
Bng 2: Khai bo chuyn Font
Khai bo M Hin th
\rmfamily \rmfamily Roman Roman
\sffamily \sffamily Sans serif Sans serif
F
a
m
i
l
y

.
.

\ttfamily \ttfamily typewriter typewriter

\mdseries \mdseries medium medium
W
e
i
g
h
t

.
.

\bfseries \bfseries bold bold

\upshape \upshape upright upright
\itshape \itshape italic italic
\slshape \slshape slanted slanted
S
h
a
p
e

.
.

\scshape \scshape Small Caps Small Caps

\em \em emphasized emphasized
\normalfont \normalfont default default
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 2
Bng 3: Khai bo c Font
\tiny tiny text
\scriptsize script sized text
\footnotesize footnote sized text
\small small text
\normalsize normal sized text
\large large text
\Large even larger
\LARGE larger still
\huge huge
\Huge really huge
Bng 4: Mi trng Font
rmfamily sffamily ttfamily mdseries bfseries
upshape itshape slshape scshape em
tiny scriptsize footnotesize small normalsize
large Large LARGE huge Huge
2 Cc lnh thay i font n gin
C th thay i font ca mt on text s dng lnh (Table 1), hoc chuyn sang mt font khc dng khai bo
(Table 2 trang 2). C th chuyn sang kch thc font khc bng Table 3 trang 3. C th s dng cc mi trng
tng ng khng s dng du gch cho (Table 4 trang 3).
Bi tp 2
Tr li bi tp lm trong Bi tp 1 g on th nht thnh font sans serif ln, g on th 2 font Roman
thng. Sau , nhn mnh ch Footnotes, ri thay i ton b font ca on th 2 thnh nghing.
T kim tra
Bn lm th no thay i font on 1. Dng lnh? Dng mi trng? Khai bo? Thay i? Cch no
tt nht thc hin?
Khi chuyn on 2 sang font nghing, phn nhn mnh chuyn thnh font g?
3 Du chm, du phy, trng m
Cc k hiu chun c trong bng Table 5. Ch l du cch sau k hiu c gch cho b b qua (v.d. \pounds 10
cho 10) cn ( \# 10 cho # 10).
Du trng m c b trn k hiu bng cc lnh trong(Table 6). Cc ch ghp v tin t c trong bng Table 7.
Bi tp 3
To ra vn bn L
A
T
E
X ging Hnh v 2.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 3
Bng 5: Symbols
\pounds \_ _ \P - -
\copyright c _ \$ $ \S --
\ddag \{ { \ldots . . . ---
\dag \} } \i ? ?
\textregistered R _ \# # \j ! !
\texttrademark
TM
\% %
\yen \& &
Bng 6: Trng m
Example Example
Definition Input Output Definition Input Output
\{object} \{c} c \={object} \={c} c
\{object} \{c} `c \.{object} \.{c} c
\^{object} \^{c} c \~{object} \~{c} c
\"{object} \"{c} c \v{object} \v{c} c
\u{object} \u{c} c \H{object} \H{c} c
\t{object} \t{cc} cc \c{object} \c{c} c
\d{object} \d{c} c
.
\b{object} \b{c} c

T kim tra
Bn c thy cc ch ghp fl, ff v fi ?
Bn c thy cc ch ghp and ?
4 Kiu ti liu v section
C nhiu kiu ti liu. Cc kiu c bn l: article, report, book, slides and letter. Cc section c bn ca ti liu l:
\part[short title]{Title} \subsubsection[short title]{Title}
\chapter[short title]{Title} \paragraph[short title]{Title}
\section[short title]{Title} \subparagraph[short title]{Title}
\subsection[short title]{Title}
Mt vi kiu khng c ht cc section (v.d. the article khng c \chapter.)Cc phn c nh s t ng. Vic
nh s c th b qua bng du sao cui lnh(v.d. \chapter*{Acknowledgements}). Tm tt cn phi t trong
mi trng abstract.
Tiu ca ti liu c khai bo dng cc lnh:
\author{Author Names}
\title{Document Title}
\date{Date}
Bng 7: Ch ghp v n v tin t
\AE \ae \OE \oe
\AA

A \aa a \L L \l l
\O \o \SS SS \ss
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 4
Nave people who eat fluffy pt end up manuvring themselves towards the bathroom,
resulting in an ger.
The fa cade is my pice de resistance, do you like it? It cost 1000.00 10% under
budget.
Its a bit pass.
! He had a feeling of dj vu on seeing Chl oe M uller, ne Hrebcek, wearing a fine nglig
to the matine.
! ?Dnde esta el cuarto de ba no?
Hnh 2: Bi tp 3 Trng m, k hiu, du cauu. ! dnh cho nhng ngi dng cm.
Sau c hin th bng:
\maketitle
Chuyn sang ch ph lc, dng:
\appendix
Sau vn tip tc dng \chapter, \section .... Mc lc to ra bng:
\tableofcontents
thng i sau \maketitle.
S trang c nh t ng. Kiu trang c th c thay i s dng
\pagestyle{style}
t y v sau, hoc
\thispagestyle{style}
cho trang hin ti. Cc kiu thng dng: plain, empty and headings.
Kiu nh s c th thay i bng:
\pagenumbering{style}
trong style l mt trong: arabic, roman, Roman, alph or Alph. ng thi, s trang t thnh 1.
Bi tp 4
Copy tp sectioning.tex, ging nh trong slides. M tp: c mt ti liu ngn cha c cc lnh chia section.
to ra tiu , mc lc, chng v cc mc trong chng. Dng mi trng abstract to ra tm tt ca ti liu. V.D
nu thy ch gii
% CHAPTER : Introduction
chn
\chapter{Introduction}
vo dng tip theo.
! Thm ph lc ri thay i kiu trang. Lnh\thispagestyle hiu lc hn \pagestyle nn mt s trang khng
b nh hng bi \pagestyle. Cc phn u vn bn (mc lc, li ni u) dng s la m thng , whereas the
main document usually has Arabic numbering. See if you can change the page numbering style.
5 nh dng on vn
Cc on vn c canh l u mc nh tuy nhin c th thay i c bng lnh khai bo hoc mi trng.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 5
Khai bo \raggedright \raggedleft \centering
Mi trng flushleft flushright center
C th canh gia mt dng text bng:
\centerline{text}
C th ct dng m khng thay i canh l dng \\[text] hoc \newline. Cc cch dng canh l to ra bi
\linebreak[n] trong n t 0 ti 4. C th chng cch dng bng \nolinebreak[n]. Trong n l s nguyn t
0 n 4. Nu mun c mt du cch, v khng mun cch dng ti du cch , dng: ~.
C th khai bo tng minh mt cch trang:
\newpage
hoc:
\pagebreak[n]
hoc chng cch trang:
\nopagebreak[n]
Lnh
\clearpage
ging \newpage, nhng hin th tt c cc i tng treo - float (xem Section 19).
Bi tp 5
To vn bn ging hnh Hnh v 3. Hy la chn dng khai bo, chuyn font hay mi trng.
This paragraph here is fully justified, but note how we have
forced the end of the line to occur before the word forced.
These lines
are centred.
Here we have some
left justified
text.
Here we have some
right justified
text.
This text is centered.
Hnh 3: Bi tp 5 nh dng
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 6
T kim tra
Bn c thy cch dng dng 1? C thy dng 1 c canh l u, c nhiu khong cch gia cc t? Kt
qu ca qu trnh L
A
T
E
X l
Underfull \hbox (badness 6316) in paragraph at lines 7--9
[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 This para-graph here is fully jus-ti-fied,
but note how we have
y l thng bo ca L
A
T
E
X v vic c nhiu khaongr trng. Cc dng kt thc u nu khng bt buc
xung dng?
Cch thc tt nht canh gia dng cui cng? S dng \centering, hay mi trng center, hoc
\centerline{}?
6 nh ngha lnh mi
nh ngha lnh mi dng:
\newcommand{cmd-name}[nargs][default]{text}
trong cmd-name l tn lnh mi (ng qun gch cho), nargs s lng tham s (mc nh 0), default l gi tr
mc ng ca tham s th nht, text l thao tc L
A
T
E
X s lm thc hin lnh. Nu nargs ln hn 0, cc tham s
c biu din tronglnh bng #1, #2, ....
Cc lnh c sn c th c nh ngha li dng \renewcommand thay cho \newcommand, nhng Khng bao gi
nh ngha li lnh cha r tnh nng. Ch nh ngha li cc lnh nu mun thay i hiu ng ca lnh. V d nu
mun thay i ngy thng hin th bi cu lnh \today cn nh ngha li \today, nhng nu mun c lnh hin
th ngy c bit, cn nh ngha mt lnh mi.
Bi tp 6
To ra file mi exercise6.tex, ri nh ngha \timeofday. (Ch : m bo gi lnh \timeofday, ch khng
phi \time c sn.) Lnh cn c hai tham s, gi v pht. The command \timeofday{10}{25} hin th 10:25. (Tt
nht l nh ngha lnh trong phn u ca ti liu preamble.) Sau khi nh ngha lnh, hy dng lnh to
ra u ra ging trong Hnh v 4 trong thi gian c hin th bng lnh \timeofday. Sau , thay i lnh
thi gian c hin th bng ch m, dng 10-00 thay cho 10:00).
The Introductory L
A
T
E
X course runs for four days from 10:00 to 13:00, with a coffee break
at 11:30.
Hnh 4: Output for Exercise 6
T kim tra
Bn c nh cch nh ngha lnh \timeofday?
Bn dng lnh bao nhiu ln?)
Bn bin i ni dung ca lnh \timeofday nh dng li thi gian cha?
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 7
7 Cc dng u ra khc nhau
L
A
T
E
X to u ra mc ingj l DVI (device independent). Tuy nhin, c th to ra cc u ra dng khc. Trong
TeXnicCenter DVI c th c bin i thnh cc dng khc bng cch chn LaTeX => PS ri chn Build File
PostScript thu c c th c gi n my in PostScript , hoc c hin th bi GSview

Cc ti liu PDF c
hin th bng Adobe Acrobat Reader. File PostScript c th c chuyn i thnh PDF bng ps2pdf. Mt khc, cc
file PDF c th thu c t file L
A
T
E
X bng PDFLaTeX thay cho L
A
T
E
X. Dng dvips hoc PDFL
A
T
E
Xc th:
Nhng nh vo ti liu
have color
r
o
t
a
t
e
r e f l e c t or resizetext.
Vi PDFL
A
T
E
X, c th c cc lin kt (hyperlinks) trong ti liu.
Bi tp 7
Chuyn i ti liu (sectioning.tex) trong Bi tp 4 thnh PostScript hin th s dng GSview. ng thi to
file PDF s dng PDFL
A
T
E
X.
8 Danh sch
C 3 loi mi trng to ra cc danh sch: itemize (danh sch khng nh s), enumerate (danh sch nh s)
and description (danh sch t tn). Trong mi mt mi trng, cn c cc lnh\item mi khi mun c mt phn
t mi trong danh sch. C th lng cc danh sch vi nhau. Lnh itemize dng cc k hiu nh du cc phn
t, lnh enumerate dng s hoc ch ci sp xp cc phn t, cn description mc nh khng nh du . C th
thay i cu hnh bng cc ty bin cho lnh \item.
Bi tp 8
To ti liu ging ??, v ghi vo exercise8.tex.
! Sau , i tt c cc enumeratethnh itemize. Nhn mc nh cho mi phn t l: and . Cc nhn
c th c hin th bng lnh: \labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii and \labelitemiv. nh ngha li
\labelitemi cc phn t itemize ngoi c gn nhn vi k hiu thay cho , v nh ngha li \labelitemii
cc phn t mc tip theo c nh bng k hiu
9 Bng
Vn bn c th c sp xp trong hng v ct s dng mi trng tabular. Mi trng ny c mt tham s chnh
l thng s v ct v canh l ct. Cc canh l c bn l : l (tri), r (phi) v c (gia). K hiu | ch dng k dc
cng c th c t y. Cc dng k ngang c t bng
\hline
cho ng k ngang tt c cc ct, hoc
\cline{n-m}
cho ng k ngang t ct n n m. Cc phn t gia cc ct c phn bit s dng &. V d:
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 8
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|}
\hline
Item & Cost \\ \hline\hline
CD & \pounds 11.75\\
Video & \pounds 14.10\\ \hline
Total & \pounds 25.85\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
Item Cost
CD 11.75
Video 14.10
Total 25.85
Text c th c hin th trong vi ct s dng:
\multicolumn{n}{alignment}{text}
trong n l s ct cn s dng, alignment ch ra cch thc canh l (mt ch ci l, r hoc c vi k hiu ng k
dc |) v text l ni dung ca .
Bi tp 9
Khi to bng, tt nht l to ra t mt bng n gin, sau b sung thm cc khc.
e
To vn bn nh trong Hnh v 5
! Bin i m ngun vn bn c dng nhHnh v 6. Ch l 4 ct cui cng canh l phi, tr 2 hng u.
Cc phn t trong dng tiu c th c thay i s dng \multicolumn.
Ch bng kt qu cui cng dng mt mi trng tabular trong dng 3 v 7 chim c chiu ngang bng.
Sau th canh l gia c bng.
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total
() () () ()
Books 100.00 150.00 200.00 450.00
Stationary 50.00 45.00 55.00 150.00
Software 500.00 600.00 300.00 1400.00
US Conference 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 7500.00
EU Conference 500.00 500.00 500.00 1500.00
Total 3150.00 3795.00 4055.00 11000.00
Hnh 5: Bi tp 9
e
To bng
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total
() () () ()
Equipment Expenditure
Books 100.00 150.00 200.00 450.00
Stationary 50.00 45.00 55.00 150.00
Software 500.00 600.00 300.00 1400.00
Travel Expenditure
US Conference 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 7500.00
EU Conference 500.00 500.00 500.00 1500.00
Total 3150.00 3795.00 4055.00 11000.00
Hnh 6: Bi tp 9 ! To bng
10 Cn bn cng thc ton hc
C hai loi cng thc ton hc: trong dng and ring bit. Cng thc trong dng c hin th bng mi trng
math v c gn cht vi cc phn t xung quanh. Cng thc ring bit c hin th trn mt dng ring bit.
C hai loi: mi trng displaymath v equation. Mi trng math c hai k hiu thu gn: \( . . . \) v $ . . . $. Mi
trng displaymath v equation hin th trong mt dng.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 9
Ch s c hin th bng _{subscript}, v s m c hin th bng lnh ^{superscript}. Phn s c hin th
bng:
\frac{numerator}{denominator}
Cn c hin th bng:
\sqrt[n]{maths}
Tn hm v.d. log or sin, c hin th bng \log, \sin. Cc ch ci Hy lp thng nh hoc , c hin th
bng \alpha, \beta. Cc ch ci Hy lp hoa nh hoc , c hin th bng \Gamma, \Delta. Ch c cc lnh
cho cc ch ci khc bng ch ci Latin (v.d. khng c \omicron hoc \Alpha). Mt s k hiu c kch thc ph
thuc vo ch trong dng hoc ring r c hin th trong Table 8.
Bng 8: K hiu ton hc hai kch thc
\bigcap


\bigcup

_
\bigodot

_
\bigotimes


\bigoplus


\bigsqcup

_
\biguplus


\bigvee
_

\bigwedge
_

\coprod


\int
_
_
\oint
_
_
\prod


\sum


Bi tp 10
e
to ti liu nh Hnh v 7, or ! to ti liu nh Hnh v 8.
Cc cu lnh s cn n:
e
and ! \Delta
! \rightarrow or \to
Sau chuyn cc cng thc thnh nh s bng mi trng equationthay cho displaymath.
y
x
=
y
1
y
0
x
1
x
0
Hnh 7: Exercise 10
e
Basic Mathematics
Given a function f(x), the derivative of f with respect to x can be found from first
principles using:
df
dx
= lim
x0
f(x + x) f(x)
x
Hnh 8: Bi tp 10 ! Cn bn cng thc ton hc
11 Mng v cc du ngoc
Cc du phn cch-ngoc c to ra bi cc lnh:
\leftsymbol
\rightsymbol
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 10
trong symbol l mt trong cc k hiu phn cch (xem Table 9 trang 11). Ch cho mi \left, Cn c \right
tng ng, nhng c th c mt du phn cch khng hin th bng cch thay symbol bng du chm.
Bng 9: Cc du phn cch-ngoc
( ( ) ) [ [ ] ]
\{ \} | [ \| |
/ / \backslash \langle \rangle )
\lfloor \rfloor | \lceil \rceil |
\uparrow \downarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow
\updownarrow \Updownarrow
Mng c to ra dng mi trng array. Mi trng ny c c php ging tabular, nhng ch c dng trong
ch ton hc.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 11
Bi tp 11
e
To vn bn nh trong hnh Hnh v 9, hoc ! To vn bn nh trong hnh Hnh v 10. Cc cu lnh s cn
n:
\cdots \vdots
.
.
.
\ddots
.
.
.
\neq ,=
Here we have a matrix equation:
2
_
5 3
2 6
_
=
_
10 6
4 12
_
Hnh 9: Bi tp 11
e
Mng
This is an augmented matrix:
_
_
_
a
11
a
1n
b
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
a
n1
a
nn
b
n
_
_
_
The Kronecker delta is defined as follows:

ij
=
_
1 i = j
0 i ,= j
Hnh 10: Bi tp 11 ! Mng
12 Multiline Formul- Cc cng thc nhiu dng
Mi trng displaymath v equationch cho php cc cng thc mt dng. Mt trong nhng cch to cng thc
nhiu dng l dng mi trng eqnarray, to ra 3 ct, ct u canh l phi, ct 2 canh l gia, ct 3 canh l phi.
Mi trng cng cho php cc dng c nh s cnh k hiu = hoc tng t. Cc dng c nh s mc nh,
tuy nhin c th b s bng lnh \nonumber trn dng tng ng, hoc trn tt c cc dng bng: eqnarray*. Ging
nh vi tabular v array, cc ct tch bit nhau bng &, cn cc dng cch bit nhau bng \\. V d:
\begin{eqnarray}
f & = & x^2 + x\\
f & = & 2x + 1
\end{eqnarray}
f = x
2
+ x (1)
f

= 2x + 1 (2)
Bi tp 12
e
To vn bn nh hnh Hnh v 11, hoc ! To vn bn nh hnh Hnh v 12. Cc lnh s cn n:
\approx \pm
\partial \leq
\varepsilon
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 12
f(x) = x
2
x 2
= (x 2)(x + 1)
Hnh 11: Bi tp 12
e
Cng thc a dng
For [x[ where is small:
f(x) = sin(x)
x
x
3
6
Some partial differentiation:
f(x, y) = x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
f
x
= 2x + 2y
Hnh 12: Bi tp 12 ! Cng thc a dng
13 Tham chiu cho
L
A
T
E
X nh s t ng cc phn v cc i tng trong vn bn nh chng v cng thc.C th tham chiu ti cc
i tng bng cch gn nhn cho cc i tng bng:
\label{text}
text c th l bt c on vn bn no, tuy nhin, tt hn c l chn ngn v d nh, v.d. sec:intro hoc ch:results.
Lnh \label cn c t ngay sau lnh sinh ra phn hoc i tng, hoc trong mi trng sinh ra i tng.
V d:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
or
\begin{equation}
E = mc^2
\label{eqn:einstein}
\end{equation}
Lnh \label khng to ra bt c mt hin th no.
Sau c th tham chiu ti cc nhn s dng:
\ref{label}
trong label l nhn c nh ngha bi lnh \label. V d, \ref{sec:intro} s hin th s th t ca mc
sec:intro. Mt khc, c th tham chiu ti s trang s dng:
\pageref{label}
C th tham chiu ti cc nhn nh ngha sau, nhng cn L
A
T
E
X m ngun hai ln c cc tham chiu cp nht.
Tham chiu ti nhn cha nh ngha c hin th bng hai du hi ??
Bi tp 13
To vn bn nh hnh Hnh v 13. ng chn cc s vo bng tay m s dng \label v \ref.
! Thm cc mc mi gia phn gii thiu v nh lut Bayes v cc cng thc b sung thy L
A
T
E
X cp nht
cc tham chiu cho nh th no. Thm tiu v mc lc.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 13
1 Introduction
The Rev Thomas Bayes was an 18th century cleric who was also a mathematician. His the-
orem, known as Bayes Theorem and described in Section 2, was published posthumuously,
and it is only thanks to LaPlace that it is so well known, as many other academics at the
time failed to take the theorem seriously.
2 Bayes Theorem
Bayes Theorem is given in Equation 1, and simply states that the posterior of an event B
given that event A has occurred is proportional to the prior for event B.
P(B[A) =
P(A[B)P(B)
P(A)
(1)
Equation 1 is fundamental to the whole study and implementation of Bayesian belief
networks.
Hnh 13: Exercise 13 Cross referencing
14 Gi
Gi l cc file vi phn m rng .sty trong nh nghiawc cc lnh mi hoc nh ngha li cc lnh c sn.
s dng gi, cn khai bo:
\usepackage[options]{package-name}
trong package-name l tn ca file cha gi, khng c m rng .sty, , options l danh sch phn bit bng du
phy cc tham s s truyn vo cho gi. Lnh ny ch c dng trong phn khai bo (preamble) ca ti liu. Tt c
cc lnh trong gi u c th c s dng trong ti liu.
Cc gi mi c to ra lin tc, gi m ti liu cn c th cha c ci. Khi gi cn c ti v. Rt nhiu
gi c ng gi di dng file .dtx, c th c mt kch bn ci t file .ins (hoc i khi .drv). Ti liuj v gi
c th thu c bng cch L
A
T
E
X hoc PDFL
A
T
E
Xfile .dtx. Gi hoc lp c to ra bng cch L
A
T
E
Xkch bn ci
t.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 14
Bi tp 14
Nu ti liu a ngn ng, c th s dng gi babel. C rt nhiu ngn ng la chn. Ngn ng c la chn
bng ty bin ca gi. V d cho ting Php:
\usepackage[francais]{babel}
S dng gi babel trong sectioning.tex Bi tp 4, v xem cc tiu thay i th no.
Mtkhc, tr li tp trong Bi tp 13, v dng gi hyperref to ra cc tham chiu-link active links. S dng
PDFL
A
T
E
X thay cho L
A
T
E
X to file PDF . Ty bin colorlinks cho php hin th cc lin kt bng mu thay v
bng cc box. Ch cn xa file auxiliary (.aux) trc khi dch bng L
A
T
E
X cho hyperref cp nht cc tham
chiu.
! Sau , hin th tiu dng \maketitle lnh. Nu khng dng \date, ngy hin ti s c s dng (khi
dng lnh \today). Thay i nh dnh ngy s dng gi datetime. (Cn ti gi v v ci t.)
15 Trch dn
Danh mc cc ti liu tham kho c th c to ra bng mi trng thebibliography Mi trng ny tng t nh
cc mi trng danh sch Section 8, nhng thay v dng lnh \item cn s dng:
\bibitem[label]{key}
trong key l kha trch dn duy nht, cn label dng thay i cch hin th trch dn (thng thng [1], [2],
...). Ti liu sau c th c trch dn bng :
\cite[text]{key-list}
trong key-list l danh sch cc kha ca ti liu nh ngha bng \bibitem, phn tch bng du phy, v.d.
\cite{lamport,kopka}, cn text l thng tin b sung v ti liu tham kho, v.d. \cite[Chapter 4]{lamport}.
Mi trng thebibliography c mt tham s l nhn di nht trong thebibliography.
Nhiu ngi mun to thebibliography dng phn mm BibT
E
X. Cn to ra mt file vi phn m rng .bib, cha
danh mc tt c cc ti liu c th s dng (CSDL ti liu tham kho), cn BibT
E
X lc ra cc ti liu no c
trch dn trong ti liu. BibT
E
X cng sp xp cc phn t, nh dng chng mt cch thng nht.
c th s dng BibT
E
X, cn khai bo tn CSDL dng trong ti liu L
A
T
E
X bng lnh:
\bibliography{filename}
trong filename l tn ca CSDL khng c the .bib. Lnh ny cn t ni m danh mc ti liu tham kho cn
c hin th, thng l cui vn bn \end{document}).
C nhiu kiu nh dng ti liu tham kho. V d: theo th t ABC, theo th t trch dn, cc tham chiu nh
s, hoc gn nhn theo tc gi v nm xut bn. Kiu nh dng c khai bo bng lnh:
\bibliographystyle{style}
trong style l tn ca kiu nh dng. Cc kiu thng dng l: plain, unsrt, alpha v abbrv.
Cc phn t ca CSDL c th c nhp vo theo dng:
@entry type{keyword,
field = "text",
.
.
.
field = "text"
}
V d:
@book{lamport,
author = "Leslie Lamport",
title = "\LaTeX\ : a document preparation system",
publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 15
edition = 2,
year = 1994
}
Cc tc gi cn c tch bit bng and. V d:
@book{goossens,
author = "Michel Goossens and Frank Mittlebach and Alexander Samarin",
title = "The \LaTeX\ Companion",
publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
year = 1994
}
sau khi to CSDL, thm cc lnh \bibliographystyle v \bibliography, cn L
A
T
E
X m ngun, ri BibT
E
Xfile
auxilary (khng c m rng .aux extension) ri L
A
T
E
X m ngun 2 ln m bo cc tham chiu cho c cp
nht.
Bi tp 15
To CSDL BibT
E
X c cc tham chiu nh trong Hnh v 14 trang 17, v to vn bn nhu trong hnh v . Cn
to 2 files: exercise15.tex (ti liu) v exercise15.bib (CSDL.) Cn cc phn t u vo nh sau:
Entry Type Fields
article author, title, journal, volume, number, pages, month, year
inproceedings author, title, booktitle, volume, address, pages, month, year
book author, title, edition, publisher, year
incollection author, title, booktitle, chapter, pages, editor, publisher, year
Thay i cc kiu nh dng cc phn t c hin th theo th t trch dn .(kiu nh dng unsrt). Th cc
kiu khc: alpha, abbrv v acm, v so snh kt qu. Khi trch dn nhiu ti liu cng lc [3,2,4], c th hin th theo
khong [24]. Cn dng gi citesort, nh ngha li \cite. S dng kiu nh dng unsrt.
! Th to kiu nh dng khc dng makebst. Th g
latex makebst
ti dng lnh, ri theo cc hng dn. Sau thay i cc ty bin ca \bibliographystyle dng ti liu mi.
16 Chiu di
L
A
T
E
X c cc lnh biu din chiu di (e.g. \textwidth). C hai loi chiu di:
rigid Chiu di c nh, v.d. 4in
rubber Chiu di vi mm do (v.d. 2in plus 0.1in minus 0.1in). cho php LaTeX c th thay i cho ph
hp vi bi cnh
Chiu di c th c thay i s dng cc lnh:
\setlength{cmd}{value}
gn cho cmd gi tr value. C th ko di chiu di dng:
\addtolength{cmd}{value}
Thm value vo cmd. Nu value, cmd b tr i. C th gn cc chiu di rng su cho bin chiu di bng:
\settowidth{cmd}{text}
\settoheight{cmd}{text}
\settodepth{cmd}{text}
Text trong text khng hin th, ch dng tnh cc chiu tng ng. Lnh \settowidth c s dng trong phn
sau.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 16
There is a very useful mathematics text book for engineering students written by Erwin
Kreyszig [2]. For those of you interested in the hazard from Clostridium botulinum associated
with Alaskan native foods should refer to [5]. For information on a fast index assignment
algorithm that uses quadratic assignment, see [3, 1, 4].
Ti liu
[1] Gavin Cawley and Nicola Talbot. A fast index assignment algorithm for vector quan-
tization over noisy transmission channels. I.E.E. Electronic Letters, 32(15):13431344,
July 1996.
[2] Erwin Kreyszig. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Wiley, 6th edition, 1988.
[3] Nicola Talbot and Gavin Cawley. A quadratic index assignment algorithm for vector quan-
tisation over noisy transmission channels. In Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics Au-
tumn Conference on Speech and Hearing, volume 18, pages 195199, November 1996.
[4] Nicola Talbot and Gavin Cawley. A fast index assignment algorithm for robust vector
quantisation of image data. In Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. International Conference on
Image Processing, Santa Barbara, California, USA, October 1997.
[5] Robert B. Wainwright. Hazards from Northern native foods. In Andreas H. W. Hauschild
and Karen L. Dodds, editors, Clostridium botulinum: Ecology and control in Foods, chap-
ter 12, pages 305322. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
Hnh 14: Bi tp 15 Trch dn v ti liu tham kho
C nhiu bin chiu di, tuy nhin c th nh ngha cc bin chiu di mi bng
\newlengthcmd
V d: \newlength\mylen to ra chiu di c tn l \mylen. Gi tr (points) ca chiu di c hin th s dng
lnh:
\thecmd
V d: \the\mylen.
Giao din ca trang c th c thay i bng cch thay i gi tr ca chiu di: (v.d. \textwidth) tuy nhin
c th s dng gi geometry.
Bi tp 16
tr li ti liu trong Bi tp 1, thay i (\parindent) v 0pt, ri thay i khong cch gia cc on (\parskip)
thnh 3ex.
17 Boxes v Minipages
Bt c ni dung no c th chia thnh cc hp-khung nh. Khung nh nht cha mt k t. Mi khung c chiu di,
chiu rng, v chiu su. Chiu cao l khong cch t ng gc-chn n nh ca khung, cn chiu su l khong
cch t chn n y ca khung. Xem minh ha trong Hnh v 15.
y
height
depth
width
a
height
width
Hnh 15: Minh ha cc chiu rng su v cao.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 17
Mi mt box c x l nh mt i tng n, v khng tch dng. Nh vy c th trnhs tch dng bng cch
t text vo mt khung. Cc loi khung c bn bao gm:
\mbox{text}
t kch c v canh l trong box dng:
\makebox[width][justification]{text}
Canh l c th l l (tri), r (phi) hoc c (gia). Khung c th c t xung quanh box bng:
\fbox{text}
\framebox[width][justification]{text}
Gi fancybox cung cp cc lnh ging nh \fbox:
\ovalbox{text}
\Ovalbox{text}
\doublebox{text}
\shadowbox{text}
Cc box trn ch c th cha khng qu mt dng. c th c on vn trong box, dng:
\parbox[alignment][height]{width}{contents}
hoc dng mi trng:
\begin{minipage}[alignment][height]{width}{contents}
C th lm ni hoc lm chm:
\raisebox{lift}[depth][height]{contents}
C th to ra cc hnh ch nht en - rules - bng:
\rule[lift]{width}{height}
V d:
\newlength\mylen
\settowidth{\mylen}{Some Text}%
\makebox[0pt][l]{\rule[0.5ex]{\mylen}{1pt}}%
Some Text
Some Text
C th ghi mt vi on text vo mt savebox. u tin cn nh ngha mt savebox mi:
\newsavebox{cmd}
trong cmd l tn ca box mi. Text c th c ghi vo box bng lnh:
\sbox{cmd}{text}
hoc bng mi trng:
\begin{lrbox}{cmd}
text
\end{lrbox}
Ni dung ca savebox c th c hin th bng:
\usebox{cmd}
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 18
Bi tp 17
e
Ti to li hnh Hnh v 16, hoc ! Ti to li hnh Hnh v 17. Gi : lnh \vfill to ra mt du cch ng
in y trang, cn \hfill du cch ngang. Lnh \dotfill hin th cc du chm n cui dng.
Once upon a
time there were
two minipages.
The first was 1
inch wide
whereas the other was two inches
wide, and they lived happily side
by side each inside an fbox.
Hnh 16: Bi tp 17
e
Boxes v Minipages
C th to khung xung quanh box:
This is a minipage that
is one and a quarter
inches wide. . . . . . . . . . . . .
And two inches //// high in
height.
Hnh 17: Bi tp 17 ! Boxes v Minipages
T kim tra
Thay i canh l ca minipage.
Dng \parbox thay cho minipage. So snh\parbox v minipage!
Th cc loi khung xung quanh minipage.
Lm ni v lm chm bng \raisebox.
! Lm th no khai bo chiu cao ca minipage?
18 Lm vic vi nh
C th to ra cc nh s dng cc lnh L
A
T
E
X cho v hnh. Gi pstricks hoc pgf c th to ra nhng hnh nh phc
tp, tuy nhin hi kh khn vi mt s ngi. Cch n gin hn l dng cc chng trnh x l nh, ri nhng vo
trong ti liuL
A
T
E
X bng lnh:
\includegraphics[options]{filename}
trong gi graphicx: Cc loi nh ph thuc vo loi u ra. thng l PS v EPS (vi dvips) v PDF hay PNG (vi
PDFL
A
T
E
X). V d cu lnh:
\includegraphics{shapes}
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 19
dng shapes.ps nu dng L
A
T
E
X v shapes.pdf nu dng PDFL
A
T
E
X.
Tham s ph option-list dng qun l nh. Cc tham s hay dng c trong Table 10 trang 20
Bng 10: Cc tham s thng dng cho \includegraphics
angle=x quay nh mt gc x

width=len phng/thu v chiu rng len.

height=len phng/thu v chiu cao len.
scale=x phng/thu.
trim=lx by rx ty ct nh gc di bn tri l (lx, by) v gc trn bn phi l (rx, ty).
draft khng hin th nh, ch hin th khung xung quanh.
Gi graphicx cn cung cp cc lnh sau:
\rotatebox{angle}{text}
Quay text mt gc angle.
\scalebox{h scale}[v scale]{text}
Phng/thu text. Nu ch c h scale t l tng i c gi.
\reflectbox{text}
Phn x text
\resizebox{h length}{v length}{text}
Thay i kch thc text c kch thc h length v chiu cao v length. Du ! m bo t l tng i khi ch c
mt kch thc c a ra.
Bi tp 18
Copy cc files shapes.ps and shapes.pdf, as described in the slides. to ti liu exercise18.tex cha nh
shapes.ps hoc shapes.pdf, ph thuc vo engine Canh l gia dng, \centerline. ng khung dng \fbox.
Phng to/thu nh v xoay.
19 Hnh v v bng
Hnh v v bng l cc i tng floats c floated-treo vo mt v tr trogn ti liu. Hnh v v bng c tiu
v c s th t i km. Tiu c hin th bng:
\caption[short caption]{caption text}
L
A
T
E
X nh s cc i tng treo t ng, cc i tn treo c tham chiu bng: \label v \ref.
Hnh v c to ra bng: figure. Bng c to ra bng mi trng table. C figure v table u khng th cha
ngt trang.
Cc hnh con c to bi lnh:
\subfigure[caption]{contents}
c nh ngha trong gi subfigure.
Danh sch hnh v v danh sch bng hin th bng:
\listoffigures
\listoftables
Thng thng sau mc lc.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 20
Bi tp 19
Copy circle.ps (hoc circle.pdf) v rectangle.ps (hoc rectangle.pdf). To ra ti liu exercise19.tex
Hnh 18 v 19, v Table 11. Tham chiu ti cc i tng trn bng \ref.
Hnh 18: Some shapes
(a) A Circle (b) A Rectangle
Hnh 19: (a) A Circle, (b) A Rectangle
Bng 11: An example table
A B
I 0.5 1.0
II 12 14
20 Slides
C nhiu lp to slides. Lp n gin nht l slides. Cc lp phc tp beamer v prosper c th to ra cc slides
rt chuyn nghip. y chng ta dng lp seminar.
Mi slide c to ra bng mi trng slide (landscape) hoc slide* (portrait). Cc on text nm ngoi slide u
c coi l ch thch. C th chuyn i slides thnh bi bo(v.d. cho handouts) dng ty bin article ca lp.
C th trn cc slide ng v ngang vi nhau, nhng phi in chng mt cch ring bit. C th hin th ring
bit cc slide bng:
\landscapeonly
\portraitonly
tt c cc lnh ny phi t trong phn khai bo ca ti liu.
C th hin th ring slide hoc ch thch s dng ty bin slidesonly hoc notesonly.
Khung ca slide c th thay i bng:
\slideframe{style}
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 21
Cc kiu khung c bn: none and plain. Gi fancyboxcung cp cc kiu khung khc: shadow, double, oval and
Oval. Kiu trang mi cho slide c th c nh ngha bi:
\newpagestyle{name}{header}{footer}
Bi tp 20
Lm li vi slide hc. m bo cc slide c tiu , thm cc ch thch, ngoi mi trng slide. Th cc ty
bin article cho lp seminar : \documentclass[article]{seminar}.
21 nh ngha mi trng mi
Mi trng mi nh ngha bng lnh:
\newenvironment{env-name}[n][default]{begin-code}{end-code}
trong n l s cc tham s default l gi tr mc nh ca tham s u tin, nu tham s b sung l cn thit.
Ging lnh \newcommand cc tham s c biu din bng #1, #2 ..., v cc bin ny ch s dng c trong phn
begin-code.
Bi tp 21
nh ngha mt mi trng mi, k mt ng k ngang u v cui mt section.
Ch thch: Lnh \noindent xa qui nh v tht u dng.
22 Con m
Tt c cc s th t do L
A
T
E
X to ra t ng u c lu vo cc bin con m. Bin con m mi khai bo bng:
\newcounter{ctr-name}[outer-ctr]
V d: \newcounter{exercise}. Tham s b sung outer-ctr khi to li con m mi khi outer-ctr tng mt n v.
V d: \newcounter{exercise}[chapter] s khi ng li con m exercise ti u mi chng.
Cc bin con m l cc bin nguycn, c gi tr thay i bng:
\stepcounter{ctr}
tng ctr 1.
\refstepcounter{ctr}
tng 1, cho php tham chiu n bng \ref v \label.
\setcounter{ctr}{value}
t gi tr con m l value.
\addtocounter{ctr}{value}
cng value vo con m. Nu gi tr ca con m khc cn hco value dng
\value{ctr}
Gi tr ca con m c hin th bng \thectr. V d: \thepage hin th con m page. Mc nh, \thectr hin
th cc gi tr bng ch s rp, tuy nhin c th nh ngha li bng cc lnh:
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 22
\arabic{ctr}
\roman{ctr}
\Roman{ctr}
\alph{ctr}
\Alph{ctr}
\fnsymbol{ctr}
(Ch \fnsymbol ch c th c dng trong ch cng thc ton.) V d:
\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Roman{chapter}}
chuyn s chng sang ch s La m hoa.
Bi tp 22
Bin i mi trng to ra trong Bi tp 21 hin th s th t cc bi tp nh trong handouts. To ra ti
thiu 2 mi trng exercise thy con m tng ng. Tham chiu n cc bi tp dng \ref.
Gi , khi bt u exercise con m cn phi tng trc khi gi tr c in ra.
Sau , nh ngha li \theexercise hin th theo s La m .
! Bin i s th t ph thuc vo section.
23 Cc lnh iu kin
T
E
X c cc lnh iu kin nh ngha bi gi ifthen :
\ifthenelse{test}{then text}{else text}
\whiledo{test}{do text}
test, l biu thc Boolean. Cc bin Boolean c nh ngha bng:
\newboolean{name}
Bin boolean c gn gi tr bng:
\setboolean{name}{value}
trong value l true hoc false. Gi tr ca bin boolean variable c kim tra bng:
\boolean{name}
Kim tra hai chui c ging nhau khng bng:
\equal{string 1}{string 2}
Cc s c th c so snh bng <, = and >. so snh cc con m dng \value{counter-name}. Kim tra chn l:
\isodd{counter-name}
V d:
\ifthenelse{\isodd{page}}{This page is odd}{This page is even}
hin th thnh: This page is even
Cc chiu di c nh gi bng:
\lengthtest{relation}
V d:
This page is in
\ifthenelse{\lengthtest{\textwidth > \textheight}}{landscape}{portrait}
orientation.
hin th: This page is in portrait orientation.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 23
24 Vit gi hoc lp mi
Gi mi c lu tr trong tp c m rng .sty. Dng u tin ca file l:
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
Tn ca gi c khai bo bng:
\ProvidesPackage{name}
cn ging tn file .sty. Dng cui cng ca file:
\endinput
Cc tham s c nh ngha bng
\DeclareOption{option name}{code}
Thao tc mc nh vi bt c ty bin cha nh ngha no c khai bo bng:
\DeclareOption*{default-code}
Trong default-code, Cc lnh sau c th s dng:
\CurrentOption tn ca ty bin
\OptionNotUsed ty bin khng c x l.
sau khi c nh ngha cc ty bin c th c x l bi cc lnh:
\ExecuteOptions{options} hin th cc ty bin mc nh
\ProcessOptions x l theo trt t nh ngha
\ProcessOptions* x l theo trt t gn gi tr.
C th chuyn cc gi tr ca cc ty bin cho cc gi khc s dng
\PassOptionsToPackage{option-list}{package-name}
Cc gi cn s dng khai bo bng:
\RequirePackage{package-name}
Vit mt lp mi tng t nh gi mi, nhng phn m rng ca file l .cls thay cho .sty, \ProvideClass
thay cho \ProvidePackage, v c th dng lnh:
\PassOptionsToClass{option-list}{class-name}
khi phi ti lp cn thit bng:
\LoadClass{class-name}
C th ti mt lp, nhng c th s dng nhiu gi(\RequirePackage).
K hiu @ c cc ngha khc nhau trong gi, lp, v ti liu. trong ti liu .tex, @ ging nh cc du chm
phy khc, tuy nhin, trong mt lp hay gi, @ c coi nh mt ch ci. C ngha l trong .sty hay .cls file, tn
lnh c th cha @ trong khi trong .texth khng th. V d trong .sty hay .cls file, \c@page l lnh, cn trong
.tex file, \c@page hin th thnh: @ page. Cc lnh cha @ l cc lnh ni b.
Tiu ca Sections, subsections thay i bng cch nh ngha li \section, \subsection. Cc lnh ny cn
c:
\@startsection{type}{level}{indent}{before-skip}{after-skip}{style}
Tiu chng v phn thay i bng cch nh ngha li: \@makechapterhead (chng nh s), \@makechapterhead*
(chng khng nh s), \@part (phn nh s) and \@spart (phn khng nh s). Cch n gin nht l copy
m chun trong cc file lp, gi chun, sau bin i theo mnh.
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 24
Bi tp 23
Vit mt lp ti lp report v thay i tiu chng sao cho c mt ng k trn v di tiu , tiu in
bng ch thng canh gia, thay i tiu mc (section) thnh font sans-serif ln.
Dng lp trong ti liu ca Bi tp 4 .
Recommended Reading
[1] A Guide to L
A
T
E
X2

: document preparation for beginners and advanced users, Helmut Kopka and Patrick W.
Daly, Addison-Wesley (1995).
[2] The L
A
T
E
X Companion, Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin (Addison-Wesley, 1994).
[3] The L
A
T
E
X Graphics Companion, Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz and Frank Mittelbach, Addison-Wesley
(1997).
[4] The L
A
T
E
X Web Companion, Michel Goossens and Sebastian Rahtz, Addison-Wesley (1999).
Nhp mn L
A
T
E
X FIT-HUT 25