Con quay hi chuyn Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia

Con quay hi chuyn. Gyroscope frame:Khung con quay; Gimbal: khp van nng; Rotor:a quay; Spin axis:trc quay Con quay hi chuyn l mt thit b dng o c hoc duy tr phng hng, da trn cc nguyn tc bo ton m men ng lng.[1] Thc cht, con quay c hc l mt bnh xe hay a quay vi cc trc quay t do theo mi hng. Phng hng ny thay i nhiu hay t ty thuc vo m men xon bn ngoi hn l lin quan n con quay c vn tc cao m khng cn m men ng lng ln. V m men xon c ti thiu ha bi vic gn kt thit b trong cc khp vn nng (gimbal), hng ca n duy tr gn nh c nh bt k so vi bt k chuyn ng no ca vt th m n ta ln. Cng c nhng con quay da trn cc nguyn tc vn hnh nh cc thit b in, con quay MEMS vi mch ng gi c tm thy trn cc thit b s dng in, laser vng trng thi rn, con quay si quang hc, v con quay lng t siu nhy. Cc ng dng ca con quay nh cc h nh v qun tnh ni m la bn t khng th hot ng (nh trong knh thin vn Hubble) hay khng t chnh xc (nh ICBM), hay i vi s n nh ha ca cc thit b bay nh my bay trc thng c iu khin bng tnh hiu radia hoc my bay khng ngi li. Do c chnh xc cao, con quay cng c dng nh hng trong khai thc m hm l.[2] c im

A gyroscope in operation with freedom in all three axes. The rot or will maintain its spin axis direction regardless of the orientation of the outer frame. Con quay hi c trng bi mt s ng x nh tin ng v chng ng. Con quay hi c th c s dng lm la bn con quay, loi b sung hoc thay th la bn t (trn tu, my bay v phi thuyn khng gian), h tr tnh n nh (knh thin vn Hubble, bicycles, motorcycles, and ships) hoc c s dng lm mt b phn ca h dn ng qun tnh. Cc hiu ng hi chuyn c s dng trong boomerang, yo-yo, v PowerBall. Mt s thit b quay khc nh flywheel cng c cch hot ng ging con quay hi, mc d hiu ng hi chuyn khng c s dng. Phng trnh c bn miu t ng x ca con quay hi:

vi cc vec-t v L tng ng l m men xon v m men ng lng, i lng v hng I l m men qun tnh, vec-t l vn tc gc, v vec-t l gia tc gc. Theo phng trnh trn, momen xon vung gc vi trc quay, v do vung gc vi L, nn to ra chuynn ng quay quanh trc vung gc vi c v L. Chuyn ng ny c gi l tin ng. Vn tc gc ca tin ng P c tnh t tch vect:

Precession on a gyroscope Di mt m men xon c ln khng i , vn tc tin ng ca con quay P t l nghch vi L, ln m men ng lng ca n l:

vi l gc gia 2 vect P v L. Do vy, nu con quay quay chm li (v d nh nh hng ca masat), m men ng lng ca n s gim v dn n vn tc tin ng tng. Qu trnh ny c tip tc cho n khi thit b khng th quay nhanh chu c sc nng ca n, khi n dng li v ri, ch yu l do masat chng li tin ng gy ra bi mt tin ng khc. Theo quy c, 3 vect - m men xon, quay v tin ng - hot ng theo quy tc bn tay tri. d dng xc nh c hng ca hiu ng con quay hi chuyn, ch cn nh rng mt bnh xe ln c xu hng, khi n nghing sang mt bn, ngc li vi hng nghing.