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ANCOLTIET2
ANCOLTIET2
Vit cng thc tng qut (cng thc chung) c mang nhm chc ca: a) Ru n chc no, mch h.
ANCOL
PHN II-TNH CHT HA HC
IV.TNH CHT HA HC: Xt m in ca C, O, H trong phn t ancol. m in ca O H HC-O phn cc v pha O. ln nht (3,5); do lin kt O-H, O V vy C ancol c cc tnh cht c trng: Phn ng th nguyn t H C trong nhm OH, phn ng th c nhm OH, phn ng tch nhm C H H OH cng vi H trong gc Hidrocacbon. H Ngoi ra ancol cn H H gia phn ng oxi ha. tham METANOL
H ETANOL H H
Da vo cng thc cu to ca ancol, cc em d on g v tnh cht ha 1.Tc dng vi natri (gii phng H2 ) hc ca ancol 2.Oxi ha hu hn (to +Gi : So snh m in ca 3 nguyn anehit, xeton, rt ra kt t O, F, H t axit) H R lun?O
1.T 1 phn t ru, to anken 2.T 2 phn t ru, to ete 3.Gia ru v axit, to este
1.Phn ng th H ca nhm OH a.Tnh cht chung ca ancol: Tc dng vi kim loi kim
1.Phn ng th H ca nhm OH a.Tnh cht chung ca ancol: Tc dng vi kim loi kim Natri tc dng vi ancol gii phng kh Hidro Kh hidro chy vi ngn laNatri etylat m mu xanh C2H5O Na + 1/2 H2 C2H50 H + Na Th H ca nhm OH bng Na
Tng qut
ROH + Na R(OH)n + n Na RONa + 1/2 H2 R (ONa )n + n/2 H2 Natri ancolat
Etylen glicol v Glixerol ho tan c Cu(OH)2 to thnh phc cht tan mu xanh da tri. => Phn ng c trng nhn bit ancol c hai nhm OH lin k nhau
CH2 2 CH CH2
OH OH + Cu(OH)2 OH
CH2 CH CH2
OH O OH Cu
HO CH2 O CH HO CH2
Tng qut CnH2n+1 O H + H-X CnH2n+1 X+ C5H11OH khng tan C5H11OH tan CH 3OH + HCl CH3Cl + 3 V d Ancol3mtylic Mtylclorua H2O 2
C2H5 _OH + HBr 2 5 H2O 2
CH2 CH OH OH + 3HNO3 tylicbromua CH2 CH ONO2 ONO2 + 3H2O
H2O
C2H5 _Br + 2 5
OH CH2 Glixerol
b.Vi ancol:
un nng hn hp ancol khan, xc tc H2SO4 sn phm
ietyl ete
Quan st th nghim. Vit 0 phng trnh un ancol etylic vi H2SO4 c ti 170 C s thu c kh etylen phn ng? V d: CH2 CH2 H2SO4 170oC tylen + _
* Quy tc zaixep: Nhm_OH b tch cng vi nguyn t H nguyn t C c bc cao hn to ra sn phm chnh V d: I II
CH2 _CH_CH_CH3 H OH H
R CH2OH
Ancol bc I
Nghin cu SGK cho bit sn phm ca to R CH=O + +phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton ca CuO ancol bc1, 2, 3 Andehit to
Cu + H2O
R CH R + CuO OH
R C R + Cu + H2O O
Ancol bc II Xeton CH : Ancol bc ba khng phn ng vi CuO. Ancol bc ba b oxi ha mnh th gy mch cac bon CuO c th thay bng O2 (xc tc Cu) nhit cao
V D
CH3-CH
H Etanol
+ Cu O
O CH3-C
+ Cu + H2O
H
2CH3-CH-CH3 + O2 OH Propan-2-ol
Tng qut
n <H2O
C2H5OH
3 O2
V.IU CH: 1.Phng php tng hp: Axit +Trong cng nghip ngiO sn sut ancol2H5OH ta CH2 = CH2 + H2 C t anken tng ng
vi xc tc axit sunfuric hay photphoric Tng qut: H2SO4 +Vit ptp iu ch ancol etykic?
CnH2 n
H2 O
CnH2 n + 1OH
enzim C2H5OH
Phn ln cc loi ancol c sn xut bng phng php ha hc t cc cht hu c sn c trong t nhin nh du m, hi t hoc than. Trong cng nghip sn xut ung ngi ta s dng phng php khc: ln men hoa qu hoc ng cc to ra ung c cha cn (tanol).
V. NG DNG ?
Ru - Bia C2H5OH
Cao su tng hp
Nc hoa
Cng c:
? Hon thnh dy chuyn ha sau: (1) C CH4 (2) (3) C2H2 GII: 1/
0 C + 2 H2 Ni, t
C2H4
(4)
C2H5OH
t0
+ H2 + H2O
Axit, t0
The end