5 ‘The bar chart below shows the amounts of some atnasspheric pollutants of a city in one year : ‘Amounts of pollutants (10° kg per year) Key: ZZ Portce TRE Nitrogen oxides Hydrocarbons [5 Sutphur dioxide [IM cerbon monoxide 0 fe 7 { i 0 T+ Hi Industry Motor Power wee, (©) Whatis the toa mas of polls from power sions in a ‘rms i) Which pollutants produc in the greatest amountinindustry ? (1. mark) Gi) Sopgeat he mow eetive way to sede si pollition inthis iy. Expnn your anver aut (6) State ONE harmful eff ofeach ofthe following plans to noma ea (yes (2) carbon monoxide (2 marks) (0) How may sulphur dixie produced by power stations cause pollen ina merby pond? mars) (0) Suggest ONE other potato shown in the bar chat that may be proce by't power sation een END OF PAPER 91-CE BIO PAPER | HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AUTHORITY HONG KONG CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION 1991 BIOLOGY PAPER | ( 8.30 am-10.00 am (13 hours) This paper must be answered in English 1. Attempt THREE questions only. 2. Bach question consists of three parts 3. All questions carry equal marks. 4. The diagrams in this paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale. a CfetTh REM Hong Kong Examinations Authority —— AN Rights Reserved 1991 91-CE-BI0 I-1ht) Photomicrograph 1 91-CEBI0 1-2 Photomicrograph 1 shows some cells of a human olood smear. Photomicrograph 2 shows some cells of an onion epidermis. Photomicrograph 2 (With reference to the photomicrographs only, state TWO structural differences between cell A and cell C. (2 marks) Gi) @)_— The central part of cell B looks lighter in colour. Explain this with reference to its shape. (2 marks) (2) How is this shape related to its function? (2 marks) ii) Cell A is found in large numbers in wounds. What is the function of cell A there ? (1 mark) (iv) Describe and explain what would happen if cell B were put into ‘ concentrated sugar solution for 20 minutes. (@ marks) (¥) Make a labelled drawing of cell C if the onion epidermis were put into a hypertonic solution for 20 minutes. G marks) -1 1 @) 91-CE-810 1-3 ‘The sable below shows the contents and the energy value of human milk and cow’s milk : Human milk Cow's milk (er 100 cm’) (per 100 em’) protein 128 348 fat 388 388 carbohydrate 108 48g vitamin A 0.053 mg 0.034 mg vitamin C 4.30 mg 1,80 mg vitamin D 0.0008 mg 0.0002 mg, calcium 0.034 g 0.126 g phosphorus 0.016 g 0.100 g iron 0.00021 g 0.00015 g ‘water 81.68 87.28 energy value 300 J 290 13 WITH REFERENCE TO THE TABLE ABOVE, answer the following questions @ «i Gi) ww) (Q) Which mineral is present in the least amount in both types of milk? (1 mark) (2) Inthe absence of this mineral, what deficiency symptom would develop ? (1 mark) ‘A one-year-old baby requires 5100 KJ of energy a day. How ‘much human milk should the baby take in one day to meet its energy requirements ? (1 mark) Give ONE advantage of breast feeding a baby over bottle feeding with cow's milk. Explain your answer. (2 marks) ‘Suggest TWO reasons why cow's milk is better for the growth Of children and youths. Explain your answer. (4 marks)L © [gnore the original Page 3] In humans, normal body pigmentation is determined by a pair of alleles. A person lacking body pigments is called an albino. Answer the questions with reference to the following two pedigrees : Gi) 91-CE-BIO 1-4 o_o 1 2 p# 99 Key + [i normal male Datbino mate @ vermal female O abino female Which character, normal body pigmentation or albino, is recessive ? Explain your answer. (Note : genetic diagrams will NOT be accepted.) (4 marks) (2) Explain by means of a genetic diagram, the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring when individual 6 is ‘married to individual 10. (Note: Use D to represent the dominant allele, and d to represent the recessive allele.) (4 marks) (2) Suppose the first 3 children of this couple have normal body pigmentation, what will be the chance of their 4th child being an albino ? (mark) 2 @ 91-CE-BI0 1-5 In a experiment, four spots on a starch agar plate were treated differently as shown in the diagram below = bread mould only Spot A saliva mixed with acid Spot D Spot B oiled saliva starch agar plate Spot C (viewed from above) saliva only ‘The set-up was then incubated in an oven at 37°C. After 24 hours, the agar plate was flooded with iodine solution and the results were recorded in the table below Spot Colour change of the starch agar plate after flooding with iodine solution Content/treatment com> Blue black Blue black Reddish brown Reddish brown Saliva mixed with acid Boiled saliva Saliva only Bread mould only 0 a i) Ww) o Explain the colour change at spots A and B. G marks) Briefly account for the result on spot D- (2 marks) Suggest TWO reasons to explain why the agar plate was incubated at 37°C. (2 marks) A similar set-up was left unattended, After a week, black dots ‘were found covering the agar plate. Draw a labelled diagram to show some of these black dots and their associated structures when observed under a microscope of high magnification. G marks) Medical authorities advise that care should be taken in performing experiments using saliva, Suggest ONE reason for this. (1 mark) -4-