4. (©) The following table shows the quantities of the major types of solid and semi-solid wastes disposed of in Hong Kong in 1988 and their disposal method Quantity Waste t Disposal method YP | tonnes per day) Domestic waste 4600 incineration (burnt to ashes); landfill ‘Animal waste 72000 composting (left to| decay); landiill; —dis-| charged into local water courses after treatment Fuel ash ( 184% ) 2600 deposit in lagoons CH Rl )s- rick] manufacturing ‘Construction 6500 landfill waste Asbestos ( tf) 280 landfill waste () (1) Which of the methods listed in the ble disposed of the Gi) ii) ww) 93-CE-BI0 1-16 ‘greatest quantity of wastes ? 2) From an ecological point of view, suggest a disadvantage of this method, (2 marks) Describe the biological process involved in the ‘composting’ of animal waste, (2 marks) When untreated animal waste is discharged into local water courses, many aquatic organisms would die. Explain why this is so (4 marks) State one major source of fuel ash and suggest a possible health hazard of this waste to man. (2 marks) END OF PAPER -15— 7 93-CE BIO PAPER | HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AUTHORITY HONG KONG CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION 1993 BIOLOGY PAPER | 8.30. am-10.00.am (13 hours) This paper must be answered in English 1. Attempt three questions only. 2, Bach question consists of three parts. 3. All questions carry equal marks. 4, ‘The diagrams in this paper are not necessarily drawn to scale. ORBTRR REM Hong Kong Examinations Authority ‘Al Rights Reserved 1983 93-CE-BIO 1-1@ 93-CE-B10 1-2 Catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakuwwn of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. In an experiment to study the activity of catalase in potato tubers, a 2 cm long cylinder of potato tissue was prepared using a cork borer. The cylinder was cut into 10 dises which ‘were put into the barrel ofa syringe. Then 10 cm of dilute hydrogen peroxide solution was drawn into the barrel and the mouth of the barrel was sealed by a rubber cap. ‘The gas released was collected as shown in the diagram below : rubber cap ——— [ ——}— pascollected barrel — "+ L: :}— hydrogen peroxide solution Ho potato discs L @ 93-CE-BI0 1. volume of gas collected in the barrel was recorded throughout the experimeat as shown inte table below Time (min) o} 1] 213] 5] 10] 15] 20] 25] 30 Volume of gas collected (cr!) (i) Present the results of the experiment in the form of a graph. (@ marks) (i) At which time interval was the reaction rate (Q) the highest ? Q) the lowest ? (2 marks) Gii) Explain the changes in the reaction rate throughout the ‘experiment. (4 marks) (iv) On the same graph that you have plotted in (i), sketch a curve to show the volume of gas likely to be collected throughout the experiment if 20 potato discs had been used instead of 10. (2 marks) Go on to the next page1. (b)__ Most people have five toes on each foot. Occasionaliy a person is born with six toes as shown in the photograph below : ‘The number of toes is an inherited character controlled by a pair of alleles. The diagram below presents two pedigrees showing the inheritance of this character : Pedigree I Pedigree I 1 2 7 8 @ Dh sey) ora el [1] onal mate six-toed male 93-CE-B10 1-6 = L &® L © 99-CE-B10 1-5 8. Based on Pedigree 1, which allele, five-oed oF six-toed, is dominant ?” Explain your answer without using a genetic diagram. (5 mats) (ii) What will be the chance of individual 11 being six-toed ? Explain your answer by means of a genetic diagram. (Note : Use T to represent the dominant allele, and ¢ to represent the recessive allele.) (4 marks) (iii) In order to ensure that none of her children will have the six- toed character, individual 5 wants to have her extra toes removed by surgical operation before she marries individual 10. Do you think her idea can work ? Explain your answer. @ marks) If you were a doctor, what dietary restriction would you recommend for the following patients ? (@ patient A whose gall bladder has been removed (i) patient B who suffers from tooth decay Explain the biological principle behind your recommendation. (8 marks)