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  • GBS Syndrome Guide: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

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    Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system. It causes muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. The symptoms start in the legs and spread to the arms and upper body. It has an annual incidence rate of 1-2 per 100,000 people and most commonly affects teenagers and adults over 55 years old. While the cause is unknown, it is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection. Treatment involves supportive care, plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin to speed recovery which is usually complete, though some residual deficits sometimes remain.

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    Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system. It causes muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. The symptoms start in the legs and spread to the arms and upper body. It has an annual incidence rate of 1-2 per 100,000 people and most commonly affects teenagers and adults over 55 years old. While the cause is unknown, it is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection. Treatment involves supportive care, plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin to speed recovery which is usually complete, though some residual deficits sometimes remain.

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    6 views2 pages

    GBS Syndrome Guide: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

    Uploaded by

    Rama Josua
    Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system. It causes muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. The symptoms start in the legs and spread to the arms and upper body. It has an annual incidence rate of 1-2 per 100,000 people and most commonly affects teenagers and adults over 55 years old. While the cause is unknown, it is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection. Treatment involves supportive care, plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin to speed recovery which is usually complete, though some residual deficits sometimes remain.

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    http://pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu/guillainbarre.html GUILLAIN-B ARRE SYNDROME Epidemiology: 1. incidence 1-2/100,000 per year 2.

    the most common cause of acute weakness with areflexia after cord compression and tick paralysis are ruled out 3. Peak ages: teens and adults > 55 yo 4. Male:Female = 1.25:1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GBS is an autoimmune demyelinating process whereby viral infection predisposes a body to make autoAbs that attack various components of peripheral myelin sheath (gangliosides) Pathology There are multifocal areas of demylelination and inflammatory changes in peripheral nerves Clinical features: 1. Antecedent illness within previous 4weeks

    a. URI b. GI infection especially Campylobacter jejuni (more severe disease) c. EBV d. CMV 2. Weaknessmost often in the legs, symmetric, proximal and distal, progressive in severity, most patients reach a nadir by 3 weeks; about 1/3 patients become bedbound, 1/3 require ventilatory support secondary to respiratory muscle weakness. 3. Cranial nerve weakness- symmetric, tongue most common 4. Tendon reflex losscommon early symptom , progressive loss in 1st week, starts with ankles, progresses proximally 5. Pain and paresthesiaspain usually in back, hips, legs 6. Autonomic dysfunctiontransient hypertension or hypotension, sinus tachycardia, urinary retention, ileus. 7. Mild sensory loss including vibratory and propioception 8. Miller-Fisher variant of GBS-Severe form of GBS a. Clinical features: i. Acute onset of areflexia, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia,

    Evaluation: 1. CSF: Albumino-cytologic dissociation( i.e. high protein but normal cells) 2. Nerve conduction test- slowing Diagnosis 1. Progressive motor weakness involving multiple limbs 2. Areflexia 3. Onset with pain in limb 4. Cranial nerve involvement 5. Autonomic dysfunction 6. Elevated CSF protein 7. Abnormal electrodiagnosis Management: 1. Supportive care 2. Plasma exchange 3. IVIG Prognosis 1. 3 % mortality secondary to autonomic disturbances and respiratory failure 2. 80% complete recovery in 12 months 3. Some patients have residual neurologic deficits, but few unable to perform normal daily tasks References: 1. Asbury, AK New concepts in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Journal of Child Neurology. 2000 Mar; 15(3):183-91. 2. Evans, OB, Vedanarayanan V. Guillain-Barre syndrome. Pediatrics in Review. 1997 Jan;18(1):10-6. 3. Fenichel, G. Clinical Pediatric Neurology, 4th ed. WB Saunders Co., 2001.

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