Lập Trình Web Với Php

LP TRNH WEB VI PHP
1. Tng quan 1.1. Gii thiu v PHP
PHP vit tt ca Hypertext Preprocessor ,l mt ngn ng lp trnh c kt ni cht ch vi my ch .Ni mt cch n gin khng theo thut ng khoa hc th mt qu trnh x l PHP c thc hin trn my ch ( Windowns hoc Unix ) .Khi mt trang Web mun dng PHP th phi p ng c tt c cc qu trnh x l thng tin trong trang Web ,sau a ra kt qu nh ngn ng HTML .V qu trnh x l ny din ra trn my ch nn trang Web c vit bng PHP s d nhn hn bt k h iu hnh no. Cng ging nh hu ht cc ngn ng lp trnh khc ,PHP c th ni trc tip vi HTML .M PHP tch bit vi HTML bng cc thc th u v cui . Khi mt ti liu c a ra phn tch ,qu trnh x l PHP c c thc hin nhng im quan trng,ri sau a ra kt qu . Nhng tr tru thay PHP cng c kh nng tch bit m hon ton vi HTML .Ni rng hn ,vic a ra s kt hp ny rt chi l l tng bi v n cho php cc nh thit k c th lm vic trn trang Web c b tr theo k hoch m khng b cn tr bi cc m. 1.2. Lch s ra i ca PHP PHP c gii thiu nm 1994 nh mt b s tp ca mt ngn ng lp trnh cha cht ch v da vo Perl v cc dng c ca trang ch. T gi ca cun ngn ng lp trnh ny ,ng R.Lerdoft lm cho tt c phi git mnh bi sng to ra n. Ti nm 1998 vic cng b phin bn 3 thi PHP mi chnh thc pht trin theo hng tch ring ca mnh .ging nh C v Perl ,PHP l mt ngn ng lp trnh c cu trc v tnh nng a dng .Chnh v nhng im ging nhau ny khuyn khch cc nh thit k Web chuyn nghip chuyn qua s dng PHP .Vi phin bn 3 ny PHP cng cung cp mt s lng c s d liu kh s gm c MySQL ,mSQL,OPBC v Oracle . N cng c th lm vic vi cc hnh nh cc file d liu,FTP,XML v host ca cc k thut ng dng khc. Cho n nay th PHP c cng b ti phin bn 4 v cng ngy cng hon ho v d s dng.
n nay PHP vn l mt dch v hng u min ph .Tuy nhin khng ging nh mt s ngn ng khc cng ngy n cng tr thnh mt xu hng v rt nhiu cc trang Web hin nay c lm bng PHP. 1.3. Ti sao nn dng PHP ? Khng cn xa l g khi c rt nhiu s la chn cc ngn ng lp trnh khc ngoi PHP nh ASP ,Perl ... v mt s loi khc .TRong mi ngn ng lp trnh ny u c cu hnh v tnh nng khc nhau th chng vn c th a ra mt kt qu ging nhau Ti sao PHP li l u tin hng u ca ca bn ? Rt n gin i vi nhng ngi cn xa l vi chng trnh ny y l s li cun mnh m nht .Thm ch l rt t hoc khng c mt chng trnh no c th to ra mt tc ng kinh ngc trong vic pht trin bnh trng nh PHP .Bi v n c thit k c bit trong cc ng dng Web ,PHP xy dng c rt nhiu tnh nng p ng nhng nhu cu chung nht . PHP l mt m ngun thng tin m : Bi v m ngun ca PHP sn c nn cng n cc nh pht trin Web lun c thc ci tin n ,nng cao khc phc cc li trong chng trnh ny . PHP rt n nh v tng hp ,mi y PHP vn hnh kh n nh trn cc h iu hnh gm c Unix ,windown... ng thi n cng ni vi mt s my ch nh IIS hay Apache
2. C php ca chng trnh vit bng PHP

C 4 c php vit chng trnh bng ngn ng PHP
Cch 1: V d:
an code PHP c gi trong cp th <? an code ?> <html> <head> <title>Testing page</title> </head> <body>
<?
?>
</body> </html>
echo "Hello world!";
Kt qu xut ra trnh duyt Web

Hello World!
Cch 2: on code PHP c b vo trong cp <?php on code ?>

<?php echo "Hello world!";; ?> Cch 3: <script language="php"> echo "Hello world!"; </script> Cch 4: <% echo "Hello world!";; %>
Mt s iu lu :
Kt thc lnh trong PHP l du chm phy ; PHP phn bit ch hoa v ch thng o Dng du // hoc # ghi ch 1 dng lnh o Dng /* cc cu lnh */ ghi ch nhiu cu lnh o o V d:
<?php //y l ch thch 1 dng, on chng trnh sau s in ra chui 123 echo 123; #y cng l ch thch 1 dng, on chng trnh sau s in ra chui abc echo "abc"; /* y l ch thch nhiu dng on chng trnh sau s in ra chui abc123 */
echo "abc123"; ?>
3. Bin trong PHP
a. Khai bo bin: Trong PHP khng cn khai bo bin trc khi s dng. Tuy nhin bn nn tp thi quen khai bo bin v khi gn gi tr ban u cho bin nu c. Kiu d liu ca bin s chnh thc c xc lp khi chng ta gn gi tr cho bin. C php: $tnbin V d: $a=5; $str= chao mung cac ban den voi PHP; Mt s quy c khi t tn bin: Bin khng cha khang trng, khng c bt u bng k t ch s, khng c trng vi cc t kha ca PHP.
b. Chuyn i kiu d liu: Dng php p kiu nh sau V d:

<body> <? $a=10; $b=6; $c=(int)($a/$b); echo ("$a/$b=$c"); ?> </body>
c. Gn tn cho bin:
<? $a="hello"; $$a=6; echo ("Gia tri cua bien hello=$hello");//hai cch vit tng ng echo "${$a}"; ?>
d. Khai bo hng:
<?php define("PI",3.14); $R=5; $dt=PI*$R*$R; $cv=2*$R*PI; $cv=10; echo "<FONT color='BLUE'>"."Dien tich:$dt"."</font>"."<br>"; echo "<FONT color='RED'>"."Chu vi:$cv"."</font>"; ?>
3. Cc kiu d liu trong PHP

PHP h tr cc kiu d liu chnh: Kiu d liu lun l (boolean): TRUE,FALSE Kiu d liu s nguyn : integer Kiu d liu s thc: float, double Kiu d liu chui, k t: string Kiu d liu t hp: array Kiu d liu i tng: object
2 kiu d liu t bit: resource, NULL.
3.1.
Kiu Boolean
Kiu boolean mang 1 trong 2 gi tr TRUE (ng) hoc FALSE (sai). V d: <? $a = TRUE; $b = FALSE; //php ton == kim tra xem 2 biu thc c gi tr bng nhau hay khng $c = (1==2); //v 1 khc 2 nn $c mang gi tr FALSE $d = ("abc" == "def"); //$d mang gi tr TRUE ?> "p" kiu sang boolean: mt s gi tr c chuyn i thnh FALSE trong cc biu thc boolean nu nh gi tr l: s nguyn 0, s thc 0.0, chui rng "", hoc chui "0", mng rng (khng cha phn t no) Array(), i tng khng cha phn t no (ch ng vi PHP4), gi tr NULL
Cc gi tr cn li s c chuyn i thnh TRUE. 3.2. Kiu Integer Kiu integer mang cc gi tr s nguyn ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...Trn hu ht cc h thng, kiu s nguyn c kch thc 32 bit, mang gi tr t -2147483647 cho n 2147483648. V d: <? $a $b $c $d ?>
= = = =
1234; -123; 0123; //gi tr 123 h c s 8, tng ng vi 83 h c s 10 0x1F; //gi tr 1F h c s 16, tng ng vi 31 h c s 10
3.3. Kiu Float (Double) Kiu float (hoc double) l kiu s thc, c th mang bt c gi tr s thc no. Trn hu ht cc h thng, kiu s thc c kch thc 64 bit. V d: <? $a $b $c $d
= = = =
1.234; 1.2e3; //= 1.2*10^3 = 1200 7E-10; //= 7*(10^-10) = 0.0000000007 -1.23;
?> 3.4 Kiu String (chui) Kiu string lu gi 1 chui k t, mi k t c kch thc 1 byte. Ni dung string c t gia 2 du nhy, nhy n (') hoc nhy kp ("). V d <? $a = 'y $b = "y $c = 'y gia"'; $d = "y gia'"; ?>
l 1 chui c t gia du nhy n'; l 1 chui c t gia du nhy kp"; l 1 chui c t gia du nhy n vi "vi du nhy kp l 1 chui c t gia du nhy kp vi 'vi du nhy n
Nu bn mun s dng du nhy n trong 1 chui c bc bi du nhy n, hoc s dng du nhy kp t gia chui c bc bi du nhy kp th bn thm k t \ (gi l k t escape) pha trc. V d: <? $a = 'Du \'nhy n\' gia chui'; //$a mang gi tr: Du 'nhy n' gia chui $b = "Du \"nhy kp\" gia chui"; //$b mang gi tr: Du "nhy kp" gia chui $c = "Dng k t \\ gia cu \\ th sao?"; //$c mang gi tr: Dng k t \ gia cu \ th sao? ?> Khi s dng du nhy i bc chui, ngoi \', \" v \\, PHP c th nhn dng thm mt s chui k t escape t bic na: \n: k t xung hng LF (k t c m 10 trong bng m ASCII) \r: k t v u dng CR (k t c m 13 trong bng m ASCII) \t: k t tab (k t c m 9 trong bng m ASCII) \$: k t $ \ooo: (vi o l 1 ch s t 0 n 7) biu th 1 k t c m ASCII ooo trong h c s 8. V d \101 s l k t 'A' (101 trong h c s 8 tng ng 65 trong h c s 10, k t ASCII c m 65 chnh l k t 'A'). \xhh: (vi h l 1 ch s t 0 n 9 hoc 1 ch ci t A ti F) biu th 1 k t c m ASCII hh trong h c s 16. V d \0x41 s l k t 'A' (41 trong h c s 16 chnh l 65 trong h c s 10). Ngoi ra, nu bn 1 bin vo gia 1 chui c bc vi du nhy kp, gi tr ca bin s c thay th vo trong chui. v d: <? $a = 1;
$b = 2; $c = 3; $d = "$a $b $c"; //$d s mang gi tr l chui "1 2 3" ?>
3.5. Kiu d liu mng (Array) Array l mt mng gm nhiu phn t. Array c to qua lnh Array. V d: <?php $a = Array(1,2,3); // truy cp ti tng phn t ca mng a ta dng $a[chs] echo $a[0]; //in ra gi tr 1 echo $a[2]; //in ra gi tr 3 $a[1] = 5; //gi y $a = Array(1,5,3) ?> Mng cn c th c to thnh bi cc cp (kho, gi tr). V d: <? $a = Array( "kho 1" => "gi tr 1", "kho 2" => "gi tr 2", "kho 3" => "gi tr 3" ); echo $a["kho 1"]; //in ra: gi tr 1 $b = Array( "a" => "Nguyn", "b" => "B", "c" => "Thnh" ); echo $b["a"]; //in ra: Nguyn $b["a"] = $b["b"] = $b["c"] = //gi y ?> "Nguyen"; "Ba"; "Thanh"; $b = Array("a" => "Nguyen", "b" => "Ba", "c" => "Thanh")
Kiu Object Kiu object (i tng) lu gi 1 bn th (instance) ca 1 lp (class). Ta s tm kiu k thm v kiu object trong phn Lp trnh hng i tng vi PHP. Kiu Resource Kiu resource (ti nguyn) c s dng bi cc hm t bic ca PHP (v d hm mysql_connect s tr v kiu resource). Ta s tm hiu k hn v kiu resource trong cc bi vit khc. Kiu NULL y l 1 gi tr t bic, bo cho PHP bit rng 1 bin no cha/khng mang gi tr no c. V d:
<?php $a = 1; //$a mang gi tr 1 $a = NULL; //by gi $a khng mang gi tr no c $a = 2; //gi y $a mang gi tr 2 //hm unset s lm cho 1 bin c gi tr l NULL unset($a); //gio $a li l NULL ?> BIN C l hi mun khi ti tn by gi ta mi tm hiu ti bin trong PHP. Mt bin trong PHP c bt u bng k t $ v i theo ngay sau l tn ca bin. V d: $a: bin c tn l a $abc123: bin c tn l abc123 Tuy nhin vn cn nhiu iu th v v bin ang ch ta khm ph. Bin trong PHP phn bit ch hoa v ch thng. Tc $Abc v $abc l 2 bin hon ton khc nhau. Tn bin ch c bao gm cc k t ch ci (a..z hoc A...Z), ch s (0...9) v k t gch di (_); nhng tn bin khng c bt u bng k t gch di hoc ch s. Cc tn bin sau l khng hp l! $_abc Khng hp l! bt u bng k t gch di $1abc Khng hp l! bt u bng ch s $nguyn Khng hp l! tn bin c k t t bic () Tm vc (scope) ca bin Tm vc ca bin l ng cnh m trong bin c nh ngha. V d: <?php $a = 1; //tm vc ca bin $a bt u t y include 'b.php'; tri di ti bn trong file b.php //ti cui file vn cn hp l ?> Tuy nhin khi gp 1 hm do ngi dng nh ngha, bn trong hm, bin cc b s c dng thay v bin ton cc. V d: <?php $a = 1; //bin ton cc //hm do t to function test() { echo $a; } //end test ?>
v d trn, cu lnh echo $a s khng in ra gi tr no ht v cu lnh ny nm bn trong hm test nn $a y c hiu l bin cc b $a ca hm (m hm ny ta cha khai bo bin cc b no c). truy cp ti cc bin ton cc bn trong 1 hm do ngi dng nh ngha, ta c th dng 1 trong 2 cch sau: Cch 1: <?php $a = 1; //bin ton cc //hm do t to function test() { //t kho global bo cho php bit l bn trong hm test //by gi ta s dng bin ton cc $a global $a; echo $a; //in ra gi tr: 1 } //end test ?> Cch 2: <?php $a = 1; //bin ton cc //hm do t to function test() { echo $GLOBALS['a']; //in ra gi tr: 1 } //end test ?>
Tr v u trang
BIU THC Biu thc l nn tng quan trng ca PHP. Hu nh mi th bn ghi trong file php u l biu thc. Ni mt cch n gin, bt c ci g mang 1 gi tr no u c th l 1 biu thc. Ta xt cu lnh n gin sau: $a = 5; y 5 l mt biu thc, kt ca ca biu thc ny l gi tr 5, v kt qu ny c gn cho bin $a. $b = $a; y $a li l 1 biu thc, gi tr ca $a c gn cho bin $b. Biu thc trong PHP c th phc tp hn th, v d: $a = 1; $b = 2; $c = 3; $d = $a + $b + $c;
TON T
Ton t kt hp cc gi tr hoc biu thc li vi nhau v to ra mt gi tr mi. V d trong biu thc 1+2 th + l ton t kt hp hai gi tr 1 v 2 li vi nhau to ra gi tr mi l 3. Cc ton t trong PHP c chia thnh 3 nhm: Cc ton t p dng trn 1 gi tr, v d nh ton t ++ hoc - Cc ton t kt hp 2 hoc nhiu gi tr, v d nh ton t +, -, *, / Ton t ?: dng chn 1 trong 2 gi tr tu thuc vo 1 iu kin cho trc Th t u tin ca ton t Cc ton t khc nhau c th c u tin khc nhau. Trong cng 1 biu thc c nhiu ton t, ton t no c u tin cao hn s c thc hin trc (tr khi bn nhm cc biu thc li bng du ngoc ( v ) ). Nu trong biu thc c 2 ton t c cng u tin th qui tc lin kt ca tng ton t s qui nh th t thc hin ca cc ton t . Sau y l bng lit k cc ton t cng th t u tin ca chng (ton t c u tin cao hn c lit k bn trn, cc ton t c u tin thp hn c lt k bn di). Qui tc lin kt Ton t Ghi ch To 1 i tng t 1 class, ton t ny ch p dng trn 1 ton hng nn khng c qui tc lin kt Ton t truy cp 1 phn t trong mng Tng/Gim 1 n v, ton t ny ch p dng trn 1 ton hng nn khng c qui tc lin kt Cc ton t ny ch p dng trn 1 ton hng nn khng c qui tc lin kt
new
Bn phi trc
++ --
! ~ - (int) (float) (string) (array) (object) @ Bn tri trc Bn tri trc Bn tri trc */% +-. << >> == != === !=== Bn tri trc Bn tri trc & ^
Ton t so snh, ch p dng trn 2 ton hng nn khng c qui tc lin kt
Bn tri trc Bn tri trc Bn tri trc Bn tri trc Bn phi trc Bn tri trc Bn tri trc Bn tri trc Bn tri trc
Tr v u trang
| && || ?: = += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= and xor or ,
CC CU LNH IU KHIN Cu lnh if C php n gin nht ca cu lnh if c dng nh sau: if ( biu thc ) cu lnh; Cu lnh if trn c din gii nh sau: nu biu thc tr v gi tr TRUE (hoc tng ng vi TRUE sau khi chuyn i) th cu lnh s c thc thi; ngc li (khi biu thc tr v gi tr FALSE) th b qua khng thc thi cu lnh na. C php nng cao ca cu lnh if c dng nh sau: if ( biu thc ) cu lnh 1; else cu lnh 2; Cu lnh if trn c din gii nh sau: nu biu thc tr v gi tr TRUE th cu lnh 1 s c thi hnh, ngc li th cu lnh 2 s c thi hnh. Cc lnh if c th c lng vo nhau to ra cu lnh if phc tp hn: if ( biu thc 1 ) if ( biu thc 2 ) cu lnh 1; else cu lnh 2; else cu lnh 3; Nu biu thc 1 tr v gi tr FALSE th cu lnh 3 s c thc hin, ngc li xt tip biu thc 2: nu biu thc 2 tr v gi tr TRUE th thc hin cu lnh 1, ngc li nu biu thc 2 tr v gi tr FALSE th thc hin cu lnh 2. if ( biu thc 1 ) cu lnh 1; else if ( biu thc 2 )
cu lnh 2; else if ( biu thc 3 ) cu lnh 3; else cu lnh 4; Nu biu thc 1 tr v TRUE th thc hin cu lnh 1 (cc cu lnh 2,3,4 khng thc hin), nu biu thc 1 tr v FALSE v biu thc 2 tr v TRUE th cu lnh 2 c thc hin, nu biu thc 1 tr v FALSEm biu thc 2 tr v FALSE v biu thc 3 tr v TRUE th cu lnh 3 c thc hin. Nu c 3 biu thc 1,2,3 u tr v FALSE th thc hin cu lnh 4. Ngoi ra PHP cn cung cp t kho elseif, chnh l ghp gia t kho else v if. Cu lnh while Cu lnh while dng to 1 vng lp, c php ca cu lnh ny nh sau: while ( biu thc ) cu lnh; c din gii nh sau: trong khi biu thc cn tr v gi tr TRUE th tip tc thc hin cu lnh, sau khi thc hin cu lnh th kim tra li biu thc, nu vn cn tr v gi tr TRUE th li tip tc thc hin cu lnh...c tip tc nh vy cho ti khi no biu thc tr v gi tr FALSE th ngng. Mt v d in ra cc s t 1 ti 10 vi cu lnh while: <?php $i = 1; while ( $i <= 10 ) { echo $i, "\n"; $i++; } //end while ?> Ghi ch: Cu lnh $i++ tng ng vi $i = $i+1;, cu lnh ny s tng gi tr ca $i ln 1 qua mi ln lp. Cu lnh do-while Cu lnh do-while cng tng t nh cu lnh white, ch khc mt im l cu lnh c thc hin trc ri biu thc mi c kim tra sau, nu biu thc cn tr v gi tr TRUE th tiu tc thc hin cu lnh. C php ca cu lnh do-while nh sau: do { cu lnh; } while ( biu thc ); Mt v d in ra cc s t 1 ti 10 vi cu lnh do-while: <?php $i = 1; do { echo $i, "\n"; $i++; } while ( $i < 10 ); ?>
Cu lnh for Cu lnh for cng dng to vng lp. y l mt trong nhng cu lnh phc tp nht ca PHP, c php ca n nh sau: for ( biu thc 1; biu thc 2; biu thc 3 ) cu lnh; c din gii nh sau: u tin biu thc 1 c thc hin, Tip theo biu thc 2 c kim tra o Nu tr v TRUE th cu lnh c thc hin v sau thc hin biu thc 3. o Nu tr v FALSE th kt thc cu lnh for. Kim tra li biu thc 2 v lp li qu trnh nh trn.
Mt v d in ra cc s t 1 ti 10 vi cu lnh for: <?php for ( $i = 0; $i < 10; $i++ ) { echo $i, "\n"; } //end for ?> Cu lnh foreach Cu lnh foreach ch lm vic vi array. Cu lnh foreach c 2 dng c php nh sau: foreach ( $array as $value ) cu lnh; foreach ( $array as $key => $value ) cu lnh; Ta s hiu r hn 2 dng c php ny qua 2 v d sau: V d 1: <?php $a = array('a' => 1, 'b' => '2', 'c' => '3'); foreach ( $a as $value ) { echo $value, "\n"; } //end foreach ?> Chng trnh trn s in ra 3 s 1, 2 v 3. V d 2: <?php $a = array('a' => 1, 'b' => '2', 'c' => '3'); foreach ( $a as $key => $value ) { echo $key, "=", $value, "\n"; } //end foreach
?> Chng trnh trn s in ra 3 chui a=1, b=2 v c=3. Cu lnh switch Cu lnh switch hot ng nh l 1 lot cu lnh if ghp li vi nhau. Ta hy xem cu lnh if sau: if ( $a == "abc" ) echo "Gi tr ca a l } elseif ( $a == "def" ) echo "Gi tr ca a l } elseif ( $a == "123" ) { echo "Gi tr ca a l } else { echo "Gi tr khc"; } //end if 3 cu lnh if trn c th c vit switch ( $a ) { case "abc"; echo "Gi tr ca a l break; case "def"; echo "Gi tr ca a l break; case "123"; echo "Gi tr ca a l break; default: echo "Gi tr khc"; } //end switch
abc"; def"; 123";
li bng cu lnh switch nh sau: abc"; def"; 123";
Cu lnh break Cu lnh break s dng vic thc thi ca cc vng lp for, foreach, while, do-while v switch. phn trc ta thy cu lnh break c s dng trong cu lnh switch. Nu khng c break, cu lnh switch phn trc s thnh: switch ( $a ) { case "abc"; echo "Gi tr ca a l abc"; case "def"; echo "Gi tr ca a l def"; case "123"; echo "Gi tr ca a l 123"; default: echo "Gi tr khc"; } //end switch Nu gi tr ca $a l "abc" th c 4 chui "Gi tr ca a l abc", "Gi tr ca a l def", "Gi tr ca a l 123" v "Gi tr khc" s c in ra.; nu $a mang gi tr "def" th 3 chui "Gi tr ca a l def", "Gi tr ca a l 123" v "Gi tr khc" s c in ra. y ta mun ch c 1 dng duy nht in ra tng ng vi gi tr ca bin $a, nn ta thm cc cu lnh break vo cc phn case, khi in ra chui tng ng vi gi tr $a th ta thot ra khi cu lnh switch. Mt v d s dng cu lnh break trong vng lp for:
for ( $i=1; $i<=10; $i++ ) { echo $i; if ( $i == 5 ) break; } Vng lp for trn thay v in ra 10 s t 1 n 10, vng lp ch in ra 5 s t 1 n 5 m thi v khi $i t gi tr 5, vng lp s kt thc do cu lnh break. Cch dng cu lnh break trong cc vng lp foreach, while v do-while cng tng t. Cu lnh continue Cu lnh continue p dng ln cc vng lp, lnh continue s b qua ln lp hin thi v tip tc thc hin cc ln lp tip theo. hiu r hn ta hy xem v d sau: for ( $i=1; $i<=5; $i++ ) { if ( $i == 2 ) continue; echo $i; } Khi $i t gi tr 2, cu lnh echo $i; s c b qua khng th hnh na do cu lnh continue. V nh vy, on lnh trn khi chy s in ra cc gi tr 1,3,4,5 (khng c gi tr 2). Cch dng ca cu lnh continue trong cc vng lp foreach, while, do-while cng tng t.
HM Hm do ngi dng nh ngha Trong lp trnh, c mt s on m c dng nhiu ln nhiu ni khc nhau trong chng trnh. S rt phin v kh sa li nu nh ta phi vit lp i lp li 1 on m nhiu ni. PHP cung cp mt gii php l hm do ngi dng nh ngha. Ta c th a on m vo trong 1 hm, v ch no cn dng on m ta ch cn gi hm, khi cn sa i, ta ch cn sa i 1 ch duy nht l ni dung ca hm ch khng cn phi sa nhiu ni trong chng trnh. C php to 1 hm do ngi dng nh ngha nh sau: function tnHm($tham_s1, $tham_s2, ..., $tham _sn) { //thn hm echo "Testing"; return $kt_qu_tr_v; } //end Khi cn s dng hm ch no, ta ch cn dng c php tnHm(cc tham s cn thit); V d: <?php function testing() { echo "Testing gunction"; echo 1;
echo 2; echo 3; } //end testing testing(); testing(); testing(); ?> Lu : Tn hm cng nh tn bin ch bao gm cc k t ch ci (a..z, A..Z), ch s (0..9) v k t gch di (_), ngoi ra tn hm khng c bt u bng ch s, nhng c php bt u bng k t gch di (tn hm khc vi tn bin ch ny). Tn hm trong PHP phn bit ch hoa v ch thng, tc l testing v Testing l 2 tn hm khc nhau. Tham s ca hm Hm c th nhn vo cc tham s, v d: <?php function testing($a) { echo "Tham s l $a"; } //end testing testing(123); testing("abc"); ?> v d trn, li gi hm testing(123); s in ra dng Tham s l 123 v li gi hm testing("abc"); s in ra dng Tham s l abc. Ta c th gn gi tr mc nh cho tham s ca hm: <?php function testing($a="mc nh") { echo "Tham s l $a"; } //end testing testing(); ?> Khi tham s tng ng ca hm khng c truyn, tham s s nhn gi tr mc nh. on chng trnh v d trn khi chy s in ra dng Tham s l mc nh. Gi tr tr v t hm Hm cn th tr v 1 gi tr cho ni gi: <?php function binh_phuong($a) { $ketqua = $a * $a; return $ketqua; } //end testing echo binh_phuong(2); ?> on chng trnh trn khi chy s in ra s 4. Cu lnh return biu_thc; s kt thc hm v tr v gi tr ca biu_thc cho ni gi.

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LP TRNH WEB VI PHP

1. Tng quan 1.1. Gii thiu v PHP

2. C php ca chng trnh vit bng PHP

echo "Hello world!";

Kt qu xut ra trnh duyt Web

Cch 2: on code PHP c b vo trong cp <?php on code ?>

echo "abc123"; ?>

3. Bin trong PHP

b. Chuyn i kiu d liu: Dng php p kiu nh sau V d:

3. Cc kiu d liu trong PHP

2 kiu d liu t bit: resource, NULL.

$b = 2; $c = 3; $d = "$a $b $c"; //$d s mang gi tr l chui "1 2 3" ?>

Ton t so snh, ch p dng trn 2 ton hng nn khng c qui tc lin kt

| && || ?: = += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= and xor or ,

abc"; def"; 123";

li bng cu lnh switch nh sau: abc"; def"; 123";

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