Lymphatic System Lymphatic System

Dr. Shawky M. Tayel Dr. Shawky M. Tayel

- - Professor of Anatomy, EmbryoIogy & Human Genetics Professor of Anatomy, EmbryoIogy & Human Genetics
, AIexandria FacuIty of Medicine, , AIexandria FacuIty of Medicine, Head of Anatomy Department Head of Anatomy Department - -
- - Genetics ConsuItant, CIinicaI Genomic Centre, AIex. FacuIty of Genetics ConsuItant, CIinicaI Genomic Centre, AIex. FacuIty of
medicine, medicine,
- - Genetics ConsuItant, Suzanne Mubarak RegionaI Centre for Genetics ConsuItant, Suzanne Mubarak RegionaI Centre for
, AIex., Egypt , AIex., Egypt www.smcaIex.org www.smcaIex.org Women's HeaIth & DeveIopment Women's HeaIth & DeveIopment
- - FeIIow, MedicaI CoIIege of Ohio, USA, FeIIow, MedicaI CoIIege of Ohio, USA,
- - Member, American Society of Human Genetics. Member, American Society of Human Genetics.
- The l25hatic sste2
carries excess of the
extracellular fluid back
to the venous sste2
- This fluid is the result of
filtration fro2 ca5illaries
- - The l25hatic sste2
consists of :
1 l25hatic vessels,
2 l25h nodes, and
3 3 l25hatic ducts
- 4 S5leen
1 1 25h vessels 25h vessels
- - The l25h ca5illaries start as blind ended vessels The l25h ca5illaries start as blind ended vessels
that collect to for2 l25hatic vessels which are that collect to for2 l25hatic vessels which are
si2ilar to the s2all veins (contain s2ooth 2uscles) si2ilar to the s2all veins (contain s2ooth 2uscles)
but contain but contain ;al;es ;al;es so it has beaded a55earance so it has beaded a55earance
- - n the intestine the l25hatics are called n the intestine the l25hatics are called lacteals lacteals..
Superficial lymphatic Superficial lymphatic
;essels: ;essels:
!resent on the dee5
surface of the
e5itheliu2
The run 5arallel to
the su5erficial blood
vessels of the skin
The then join
together to for2 larger
vessels, which pierce
the deep fascia to join
the deeper vessels.
Deep lymphatic Deep lymphatic
;essels: ;essels:
The are dee5 to
the dee5 fascia,
5arallel to the 2ajor
blood vessels
These are larger
than the su5erficial
vessels and have
thick wall and
valves
. Lymph Nodes . Lymph Nodes 2 2
Definition:
- The are s2all oval
bodies along the
course of l25hatic
vessels
Site:
- The for2 grou5s
es5eciall in the
neck, axilla, thorax,
abdo2en, and groin
Structure:
- t has two surfaces:
a. Con;ex (outer)
surface:
- This surface receives
afferent l25hatics
- Filtrations of its
contents occur inside
the l25h node
b. Conca;e (inner)
surface:
- t is called the hilu2
- This surface gives
exit to an efferent
l25hatic in addition
to the 5resence of a
s2all arter and vein
unctions of lymph nodes: unctions of lymph nodes:
. ct as a filter as the 5revent 2icro-
organis2s and certain substances fro2
entering the blood strea2
2. For2ation of l25hoctes
3. For2ation of antibodies
4. n case of infection or 2alignanc, the
l25h nodes beco2e enlarged and
change in consistenc
. Lymphatic Duct . Lymphatic Duct 3 3
- There are two l25hatic ducts thoracic duct and right lymphatic
duct.
a. Thoracic duct
- t begins in the cisterna chili
in the abdo2en (in front of the
lu2bar vertebrae)
- t ascends through the
5osterior abdo2inal and
thoracic walls (deviating to the
left side)
- t ter2inates at the junction of
left subclavian and left internal
jugular veins
- t drains l25h fro2 all the
bod except the u55er right
quadrant
b. Right lymphatic duct b. Right lymphatic duct
- t is 2uch s2aller in
size
- t drains l25h fro2
the u55er right
quadrant (right side
of the head and
neck, right u55er
li2b, and right side
of the chest)
- t ter2inates at the
junction of right
subclavian and right
internal jugular veins
ther lymphatic aggregations:
The are seen in:
- tonsils
- Mucous 2e2brane of the intestine (!eer's 5atches)
- S5leen
- Th2us gland
ll 5arts of the bod 5osse l25hatics exce5t:
- CS: its l25hatics is re5laced b 5erivascular s5aces that
are connected with the subarachnoid s5ace
- one 2arrow
- S5leen
n the other hand, certain 5arts of the bod have a rich
network of l25hatics eg der2is of the skin, 2ucous, and
serous 2e2branes and glands
xillar 25h odes xillar 25h odes
Divided into 5 grou5s:
- PectoraI (Anterior) group:
Site: on lower border of 5ectoralis
2inor
fferents: fro2 front of u55er of
trunk, and breast
2- ScapuIar (Posterior) group:
Site: along subsca5ular arter
fferents: fro2 back of u55er of
trunk, and axillar tail of
breast
3- IateraI group:
Site: long the axillar vessels
fferents: Fro2 u55er li2b
xillar 25h odes xillar 25h odes cont cont
4- InfracIavicuIar LNs:
Site: elow clavicle
fferents: fro2 u55er 5art of
breast
5- ApicaI group:
Site: t the a5ex of axilla
fferents: fro2 5revious
grou5s Efferents for2 the
subclavian trunk which enters
the thoracic duct or right
l25h trunk
55lied note:
nfection or 2alignanc in the
u55er li2b or breast give
swelling in the axilla due to
involve2ent of axillar s