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57080390/ -
Tim Haithcoat
University of Missouri
CoIumbia
QA/QCand
Risk Management
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Quality Control
Cover Two Topics:
General Principles oI
Quality Assurance
Quality Management

efinitions
Quality Assurance
(QA)
Pertaining to a
comprehensive
approach or system
Ior ensuring product
quality.
Quality Control
(QC)
Pertaining to an action
or step designed to
test product quality
Ior any number oI
properties.

ata Quality Properties

Positional Accuracy
Attribute Accuracy
Topological Correctness
Completeness

stablishing
Baselines
(What Constitutes
an Error?)
Positional OII-sets
Edgematching
Single/double precision
Shaded border
Processing Standards
RMSE
Iuzzy
dangle
weed tolerances
Database Design
table Iormats
valid codes
valid Ieature types
data resolution
Data Extraction Rules
source interpretation
photo interpretation
generalization

Analyzing QC Requirements
Develop a process-oriented Ilow
(i.e., edge matching standards, digitizing
standards)
IdentiIy key points in the conversion process
where data properties could/are change(d)
(i.e., digitization, transIormation, re-projection)
Adjust process Ilow to concentrate QC
property checking into as Iew steps as
possible

Basic Production Flow with

Common Quality Control Checks
Pass/
Fail
Edits
Positional Accuracy,
Completeness and
Topology testing
IdentiIy &
Correct
Gross Errors
Production Steps
In-process QC Inspection
Independent QC Inspection
Process Decision Point
Main Process Flow
Interactive QC Loop
Manual
Digitizing
Automate
Maps
Manuscript
VeriIication
Manuscript
Prep
Scanning/Vectorization
Option
TransIer
& Convert
TransIorm
Coordinates
Scan/
Vectorize
VeriIy Image
& Vector
Quality
VeriIy Data
Completeness
Review
TransIorm
Statistics

Basic Production Flow with

Common Quality Control Checks
Pass/
Fail
Edits
Positional Accuracy,
Completeness and
Topology testing
Production Steps
In-process QC Inspection
Independent QC Inspection
Process Decision Point
Main Process Flow
Interactive QC Loop
Attribute
Coding
Manual
Attribute
Testing
Pass/
Fail
Edits
Automated
QC Checks
Coordinate
TransIormations
Edgematch
Delivery
TransIormation
VeriIication
Edgematch
VeriIication
Final
Sign-oII

ndependent nspection
Will always find errors that
elude the data processor.
n-Process nspection
Useful for controlling simple
data processing actions.
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eneral uidelines
for Cost-Effective Error Checking
Re-work is always more costly
than doing it right the Iirst time.
Check everything once, and then
concentrate on maintaining data
integrity through the remaining
processes.
Minimize the amount oI
materials that have to be
handled.
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QUALTY MANAGMNT
ata Quality Control is Process Control
Process tracking and statusing
Automating Status
Start Task Initial/Date
Project Number # Complete Task Date
Error
correction
tracking &
process
sign-oII
charts
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Documentation
Record existence oI anomalous conditions
Maintain a complete data dictionary
(including data extraction rules)
Always provide staII (or vendor) with
detailed written procedures plus diagrams
describing graphic decision rules
QUALTY MANAGMNT
ata Quality Control is Process Control
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Communication
Develop Iormal mechanisms
(i.e., standard symbols/colors Ior errors)
Conduct Irequent coordination and status
meetings
Provide honest opinions and Ieedback
QUALTY MANAGMNT
ata Quality Control is Process Control
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Project Risk Management
Corporate Management
Project Funding & Budgeting
Project Planning
GIS Technology
System Implementation
%he successful GIS implementation plan must be
carefully designed to minimi:e risk. An in-depth analysis
of the potential individual risks to a GIS profect can be
grouped under the following categories.
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Corporate Management
inadequate sponsorship
project management
lack oI Iull-time project manager
inability to control pilot project scope
unrealistic project schedule
lack oI user support by development team
understaIIed project team
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Project Funding & Budgeting
inadequate cost-beneIit study
inadequate project Iunding/budgeting
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Project Planning
Iailure to include all required
activities
Iailure to include all eIIected
groups
Iailure to set scope based on
cost-beneIit
unrealistic user expectations
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GIS Technology
Iailure to
interIace to other
corporate data
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inadequate conversion staII
change/expansion oI conversion scope
Labor and personnel
issues
System Implementation