Electron Configuration

Na: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
Na: Ne] 3s
1
W LlecLron conflguraLlons Lells us ln whlch orblLals Lhe
elecLrons for an elemenL are locaLed
W 1hree rules
e|ectrons f||| orb|ta|s start|ng w|th |owest n and mov|ng
upwards
no two e|ectrons can f||| one orb|ta| w|th the same sp|n
(au||)
for degenerate orb|ta|s e|ectrons f||| each orb|ta| s|ng|y
before any orb|ta| gets a second e|ectron (nund's ru|e)
ectron Configurations
iing Diagram for Subeves
ufbau rlnclple
ectron Configurations
W The sublevel is written Iollowed by a superscript
with the number oI electrons in the sublevel.
II the 25 sublevel contains 2 electrons, it is written 25
2
LlecLron conflguraLlon
l 0 m 0 (1 orblLal) 2 elekLron
l 1 m 1 0 +1 (3 orblLal) 6 elekLron
l 2 m 2 1 0 +1 +2 (3 orblLal) 10 elekLron
l 3 m 3 2 1 0 +1 +2 +3 (7 orblLal) 14 elekLron
uruLan englslan LlekLron
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
3s 3p 3d 3f
6s 6p 6d
7s 7p
8s
LlecLron conflguraLlon
u8u1- L-- LLLk18C-
4
4d
4p
3d
4s
3p
3s
2p
2s
1s
n ~4
n ~ 3
n ~ 2
n ~ 1
kC-u8 LLLk18C-
sheII
vaIue
n
vaIue
I
OrbitaI (m)
(2 I + 1)
OrbitaI
number
(n
2
)
EIektro
n
(2n
2
)
K
L
M
N
1
2
3
4
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
2
3
0
0
-1, 0, +1
0
-1, 0, +1
-2, -1, 0, +1, +2
0
-1, 0, +1
-2, -1, 0, +1, +2
-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3
1
1
3
1
3
5
1
3
5
7
2
4
9
16
8
18
32
igure 8.9
rb|ta| occupancy for the f|rst 10 e|ements n through Ne
igure 8.13
@he re|at|on between orb|ta| f||||ng and the per|od|c tab|e
riting ectron Configurations
W irst, determine how many electrons are in the
atom. Iron has 26 electrons.
W Arrange the energy sublevels according to
increasing energy:
18 28 25 38 35 48 3/
W ill each sublevel with electrons until you have
used all the electrons in the atom:
e: 18
2
28
2
25
6
38
2
35
6
48
2
3/
6
W The sum oI the superscripts equals the atomic
number oI iron (26)