CHNG 2 TNG QUAN TI

2.1. Tng quan v cy chm ngy

2.1.1. Tn v ngun gc Tn thng dng: Chm ngy (VN), Moringa (international) , Drumstick tree (US), Horseradish tree, Behen, Drumstick Tree, Indian Horseradish, Noix de Bahen. Tn Khoa hc: Moringa oleifera hay M. Pterygosperma thuc h Moringaceae. Nh Pht gi l cy Sinh (Tree of Life ). Cc nh dc hc, cc nh khoa hc nghin cu thc vt hc, da vo hm lng dinh dng v ngun dc liu qu him c kim nghim, khng ngn ngi t tn cho n l cy Thn Diu ( Miracle Tree) . Ngun gc: Cy xut x t vng Nam , c lch s hn 4 ngn nm ,nhng ph bin rt nhiu c Chu v Chu Phi. Cy Chm Ngy rt ph thng n v c dn tc n trn trng t tn l cy Sinh.

Hnh: Cy chm ngy 2.1.2. PHN LOI

Ngnh Ngc Lan (Magnoliophyta)

o o

Lp Hnh (Liliopsida) Lp Ngc Lan (Magnoliopsida)

Phn Lp Cc (Asteridae) Phn Lp Hoa Hng (Rosidae) Phn Lp Hoa Mi (Lamiidae) Phn Lp Ngc Lan (Magnoliidae) Phn Lp Sen (Nelumbonidae) Phn Lp S (Dilleniidae)

B Bng (Malvales) B Ban (Hypericales) B Bu b (Cucurbitales) B Ch (Theales) B Chm ngy (Moringales)

H Chm ngy (Moringaceae)

Chi Moringa

Loi Moringa oleifera Lam. (Cy Chm ngy)

B Gai (Urticales) B Lc vng (Lecythidales) B Thu Du (Euphorbiales)

Phn Lp Th Du (Cornidae) Phn lp Cm Chng (Caryophyllidae)

Ngnh Thng (Pinophyta)

2.1.3. C IM 2.1.3.1. c im phn b Cy c ngun gc n , Arabia, chu Phi, vng Vin Ty chu M; c trng v mc t nhin vng nhit i chu Phi, nhit i chu M, Sri Lanka, n , Mexico, Malabar, Malaysia v Philippines. Vit Nam, t lu, cy c trng Nha Trang, Phan Thit, Ph Quc. Gn y, kiu bo M Trn Tin Khanh chuyn v Vit Nam 100 ht ging, c phn pht cho mt s nng dn Qung Ngi, Qung Nam, Nng.

2.1.3.2 c im sinh thi Cy c kh nng sng t vng cn nhit i kh n m cho n vng nhit i rt kh n vng rng m. Chu lng ma t 480 - 4000 mm/nm, nhit 18,7 - 28,50C v pH 4,5 - 8. Chu c hn v c th sinh trng tt trn t ct kh. 2.1.3.3. c im hnh thi Cy g nh, cao 8-10 m, phn nhnh nhiu, thn c tit din trn, thn non mu xanh c lng, thn gi mu xm nt sn. L kp lng chim 3 ln l, mc cch, c t 5-7 cp l ph bc 1, 4-6 cp l ph bc 2, 6-9 cp l ph bc 3. phin l cht hnh bu dc di 1,5-2 cm, rng 2-2,5 cm, mt trn xanh hn mt di, l non kch thc ln hn l gi. Gn l hnh lng chim, ni r mt di. Cung l di 18-25 cm. L cht mc i, gai nh c lng ch phn nhnh l kp lng chim. Cm hoa dng chm xim mc nch l hay ngn cnh. Hoa khng u lng tnh, mu trng hi vng, mi thm, cung hoa di 1-2 cm. Trc pht hoa mu xanh, c lng, di 10-15cm. L bc hnh vy nh, c lng. L i hoa 5, ri, u, hi cong hnh lng mung, mu trng, di 1cm, rng 0,4cm, tin khai nm im. Cnh hoa 5, ri, khng u, cnh hoa dng tha, mu trng hi vng, mt trong di cnh hoa c nhiu lng, tin khai nm im. Nh 5, ri mang bao phn xen k vi 5 nh bt th to thnh 2 vng, nh mang bao phn nm ngoi, di hn nh bt th v i din vi cnh hoa, nh bt th nm xen k cch hoa. Ch nh c kch thc to di, mu vng, di 0,6-1 cm, c lng. Bao phn 2 , hnh bu dc, mu vng, hng trong. B nhy: 3 l non dnh, to thnh bu trn 1 , mang nhiu non, nh non bn, c lng. Vi nhy mu xanh, di 1,8 cm, c nhiu lng. u nhy hnh tr, mu vng, c lng. Qu nang treo to, di 35-45 cm, c nhiu rnh dc, hi g ln ch c ht, qu kh mu vng xm. Ht mu en, kch thc 1,5x1 cm, 3 cnh c 3 cnh mu trng dng mng mng.

Hnh: Cy chm ngy

Hnh: L chm ngy

Hnh: Hoa chm ngy

Hnh: Ht chm ngy

Hnh: Qu chm ngy 2.1.3.4. c im gii phu Thn Vi phu gn trn, vng v gm 2-4 lp t bo bn c hnh ch nht, kch thc khng u, vch un ln, sp xp thnh dy ng tm v xuyn tm, ri rc c nhng m t bo rch b bong ra. Di lp bn l tng sinh bn v nhu b, hnh ch nht. M mm v rt t 2-3 lp t bo hnh bu dc khng u, ha m cng. M dy gc 3-5 lp t bo hnh bu dc hi di. Nm ri rc trong vng m mm v l nhng t bo ha si, hnh trn hay a gic, kch thc khng u. Di m dy l m mm cp II, t bo hnh bu dc, kch thc khng u. Tr b gm 6-9 lp t bo vch dy, hnh trn to thnh vng khng lin tc do tia ty phn cch. Libe 1 t bo hnh trn hay a gic xp ln xn thnh m trn 1 vng trn. Libe 2 gm nhiu lp t bo hnh ch nht vch cellulose, vch un ln xp xuyn tm. Tia libe gm 1-3 dy. G 2 dy hn libe 2, mch g 2 to, gn trn nm ri rc trong vng g 2. Tia g gm 6-9 dy t bo hnh ch nht, kch thc khng u. G 1 tp trung thnh cm, mi cm 1-4 b, g 1 r. T bo m mm ty hnh

a gic gn trn, kch thc ln, ha m cng ri rc. Tinh th calci oxalat hnh cu gai, him khi hnh khi nm ri rc trong vng m mm v, m mm ty, libe.

Hnh: Gii phu than ca cy chm ngy L Gn gia li mt di, t bo biu b trn v di hnh ch nht, kch thc khng u. Biu b trn kch thc to hn biu b di khong 3 ln, c lng che ch n bo, di. M dy gc gm t bo hnh trn kch thc khng u. B dn xp hnh vng cung, libe di, g trn. Libe gm nhiu lp t bo kch thc nh, sp xp ln xn; mch g hnh trn hay a gic. T bo m mm hnh a gic, kch thc khng u, gm 3-5 lp t bo hnh a gic, kch thc nh hn m dy gc. M dy gc gm 2-4 lp t bo hnh trn nm st lp biu b di. Tinh th calci oxalat nm ri rc vng m dy gc, m mm v libe. Phin l: T bo biu b trn v biu b di hnh ch nht, biu b trn ln gp 3 ln biu b di, c lng che ch ging gn l. M mm giu chim phn na chiu dy phn tht l, gm 1-3 lp t bo cha nhiu ht dip lc, pha di l m mm khuyt. Tinh th calci oxalat nm ri rc trong vng m mm giu v m khuyt.

Hnh: Gii phu l ca cy chm ngy R Vi phu gn trn, lp bn gm nhng t bo nh, hi dt, hnh ch nht xp ng tm v xuyn tm, c nhiu ch b bong ra. M mm v hnh a gic, vch mng, xp ln xn, nm ri rc trong vng ny c nhng cm m cng. G v libe: libe 1 b p dp, kh xc nh. Libe 2 gm nhng t bo hnh ch nht, vch bng xenlulose, sp xp thnh dy xuyn tm r. G 2 chim tm, mch g 2 t, nm ri rc, M mm g vch bng cellulose, sp xp thnh dy xuyn tm.

Hnh: Gii phu r ca cy chm ngy

2.1.4. Thnh phn 2.1.4.1. Thnh phn ha hc R Cha Glucosinolates nh 4-(alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl glucosinolate (chng 1%) sau khi chu tc ng ca myrosinase, s cho 4-(alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate. Glucotropaeolin (chng 0.05%) s cho benzylisothiocyanate. Ht Cha Glucosinolates ( nh trong r) : c th ln n 9% sau khi ht c kh cht bo.Cc acid loi phenol carboxylic nh 1-beta-D-glucosyl-2,6-dimethyl benzoate.Du bo (20-50%) : phn chnh gm cc acid bo nh oleic acid (60-70%), palmitic acid (312%), stearic acid (3-12%) v cc acid bo khc nh behenic acid, eicosanoic v lignoceric acid.. L Cha cc hp cht loi flanonoids v phenolic nh kaempferol 3-O-alpharhamnoside, kaempferol, syringic acid, gallic acid, rutin, quercetin 3-O-beta-glucoside. Cc flavonol glycosides c xc nh u thuc nhm kaempferide ni kt vi cc rhamnoside hay glucoside. 2.1.4.2. Thnh phn dinh dng Bng phn tch hm lng dinh dng ca qu, l ti v bt kh ca l cy Chm Ngy theo bo co ngy 17/7/1998 ca Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association in Conjunction BNG PHN TCH HM LNG DINH DNG CA MORINGA

STT

THNH PHN DINH DNG/100gr

TRI TI 86,9 % 26 2,5

L TI

BT L KH 7,5 % 205 27,1

01 Water ( nc ) % 02 calories 03 Protein ( g )

75,0 % 92 6,7

04 Fat ( g ) ( cht bo ) 05 Carbohydrate ( g ) 06 Fiber ( g ) ( cht x ) 07 Minerals ( g ) ( cht khong ) 08 Ca ( mg ) 09 Mg ( mg ) 10 P ( mg ) 11 K ( mg ) 12 Cu ( mg ) 13 Fe ( mg ) 14 S ( g ) 15 Oxalic acid ( mg ) 16 Vitamin A - Beta Carotene ( mg ) 17 Vitamin B - choline ( mg ) 18 Vitamin B1 - thiamin ( mg ) 19 Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin ( mg ) 20 Vitamin B3 - nicotinic acid ( mg ) 21 Vitamin C - ascorbic acid ( mg ) 22 Vitamin E - tocopherol acetate 23 Arginine ( g/16gN ) 24 Histidine ( g/16gN ) 25 Lysine ( g/16gN ) 26 Tryptophan ( g/16gN ) 27 Phenylanaline ( g/16gN ) 28 Methionine ( g/16gN ) 29 Threonine ( g/16gN ) 30 Leucine ( g/16gN )

0,1 3,7 4,8 2,0 30 24 110 259 3,1 5,3 137 10 0,11 423 0,05 0,07 0,2 120 3,66 1,1 1,5 0,8 4,3 1,4 3,9 6,5

1,7 13,4 0,9 2,3 440 25 70 259 1,1 7,0 137 101 6,8 423 0,21 0,05 0,8 220 6,0 2,1 4,3 1,9 6,4 2,0 4,9 9,3

2,3 38,2 19,2 _ 2003 368 204 1324 0,054 28,2 870 1,6 1,6 2,64 20,5 8,2 17,3 113 1,33 % 0,61% 1,32% 0,43% 1,39 % 0,35% 1,19 % 1,95%

31 Isoleucine ( g/16gN ) 32 Valine ( g/16gN )

4,4 5,4

6,3 7,1

0,83% 1,06%

Bng so snh cht dinh dng trong mi 100gr l chm ngy ti & kh (Theo t liu tng hp mi nht v cy Chm Ngy ca ZijaMoringaHealth.Com )

Hnh: So snh cht dinh dng trong mi 100gr l chm ngy ti v kh vi cc loi thc phm khc Cy Chm Ngy (Moringa oleifera) cha hn 90 cht dinh dng tng hp. Nhng cht dinh dng cn thit gn gi sc khe con ngi , chng gim nguy c t nhng chng bnh suy thoi, cha tr bch bnh thng thng. Nhng hnh nh minh ha di

y l bng so snh t cc nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc gia hm lng dinh dng u vit ca l cy Chm Ngy v nhng thc phm , nhng tri cy tiu biu thng dng nh Cam, C-rt, Sa, Ci B xi, Yaourt, v chui nu so snh trn cng trng lng:

Vitamin C (gp 7 ln lng vitamin C trong cam)

Vitamin C tng cng h thng min nhim trong c th v cha tr nhng chng bnh ly lan nh cm cm.

Vitamin A (gp 4 ln lng vitamin A trong c rt)

Vitamin A hot ng nh mt tm khin chng li nhng chng bnh v mt , da v tim , ng thi ngn nga tiu chy v nhng chng bnh thng thng khc..

Calcium (gp 4 ln lng Calcium trong sa) Cht st (gp 3 ln lng st trong rau chn vt)

Calcium bi b cho xng v rng, gip ngn nga chng long xng..

Cht St l mt cht cn thit ng vai tr quan trng trong vic truyn dn Oxy trong mu n tt c b phn trong c th..

Cht m (protein) (tng ng vi lng protein trong trng)

Cht m l nhng cht xy dng t bo cho c th, n c lm ra t acid amin, thng thng acid amin ch c nhng sn phm t ng vt nh tht, trng, sa k l thay l Chm Ngy c cha nhng acid amin cn thit .

Potassium (gp 3 ln lng Potassium trong chui)

Potassium l cht cn thit cho c v h thn kinh . 2.1.5. Gi tr ca cy chm ngy 2.1.5.1. Gi tr dinh dng Cc b phn ca cy cha nhiu khong cht quan trng, giu cht m, vitamin, beta-caroten, acid amin v nhiu hp cht phenol. Cy chm ngy cung cp mt hn hp gm nhiu hp cht qu him nh zeatin, quercetin, alpha-sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid v kaempferol.

L cy c dng lm rau n (l, chi, cnh non v c cy con c dng trn du dm n thay rau dip), lm bt c-ri, chua lm gia v, lm tr gii kht... chu Phi, n c dng chng suy dinh dng cho tr con. L chm ngy cha nhiu vitamin (vitamin B) v mui khong c ch, cc acid amin c lu hunh nh methionin, cystein v nhiu acid amin cn thit khc. Sau khi th nghim, ngi ta thy 100gr l Moringa cung cp vitamins C ca by tri cam, calcium ca bn ly sa, vitamin A ca bn c carrot, hai ln lng protein ca mt ly sa, ba ln cht potassium ca mt tri chui, st cao gp 3 ln trong rau dip. Hoa chm ngy c th dng lm rau n hoc lm tr (nhiu nc Ty phng sn xut tr hoa chm ngy bn ngoi th trng), cung cp tt ngun mui khong calcium v potassium. N cng l ngun cung cp nguyn liu rt tt cho ngi nui ong. Qu non ca n c th chin xo n vi hng v nh mng ty. Ht chm ngy cha nhiu du, lng du chim n 30 - 40% trng lng ht, c ni trng chm ngy p du, nng sut du t 10 tn / ha. Du ht chm ngy cha 65,7% acid oleic, 9,3% acid palmitic, 7,4% acid stearic v 8,6% acid behenic. Malaysia, ht chm ngy c dng n nh u phng. Cc on r non c dng lm rau thay cho ci nga. Ci nga l mt loi rau dip vi tn khoa hc l Armoracia rusticana = Cochlearia armoracia, tn ting Anh l Horseradish, v th cy chm ngy cn c tn ting Anh l "Horsradish tree" v cng t ngi Vit cn gi n l "cy ci nga". Moringa y cht dinh dng cho tr em, ngi gi, sn ph, v l loi rau y dinh dng cho ngi n chay, suy dinh dng v ngi mi khi bnh. Bt l Moringa c rt nhiu cht dinh dng tt cho tr em, ngi gi v cc sn ph. n , Moringa rt thng dng trong cc ba n. Thng th h n Moringa t ba n bn ln n trong tun. Ngoi l, nhu cu v qu Moringa rt cao. Hng v m d ca Moringa cn c di dn n mang theo khi ti cc nc Ty Phng.

 cc nc chu, ngi dn trng Moringa lu, nn h ch bin thnh nhiu mn n nh m si trn Moringa, cc loi bnh trn Moringa, cc mn n ng hp. Ht Moringa non dng nu nh cc loi u ho lan, u xanh c rt nhiu cht dinh dng. 2.1.5.2. Gi tr dc liu Trong y hc nhiu b phn ca c th cy chm ngy c dng lm thuc cha nhiu bnh khc nhau. Trong hoa v r cy moringa c cht pterygospermin l mt tr sinh (antibiotic) rt mnh, n thng xuyn s gim c nhim trng do tp khun ca mi trng. Cy chm ngy cung cp nhng hp cht qu him nh zeatin, quercetin, alpha-sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid v kaempferol. L v hoa c dng cha nhiu bnh nh cm cm, bao t, gan, tiu ng, tim. Trong y hc c truyn, s dng chm ngy cha u x tuyn tin lit, huyt p cao, tng m mu.... L, hoa v r: c dng trong y hc cng ng, cha tr cc khi u. L dng ung iu tr chng h huyt p v v xt vo vng thi dng tr chng nhc u. Nhiu nghin cu gn y cho thy rng, l chm ngy c tnh cht nh mt khng sinh chng cc vim nhim nh. L cn c dng iu tr cc vt ct da, vt try st, sng ty, ni mn nga hay cc du hiu ca lo ha da. Dch chit t l c tc dng duy tr n nh huyt p, tr chng bn thn, chng nhim trng da. N cng c dng iu khin lng ng mu trong trng hp b bnh tiu ng. Dch chit t l c thm nc c-rt l mt thc ung li tiu. Bt lm t l ti c kh nng cung cp nng lng lm cho nng lng tng gp bi khi dng thng xuyn. L cng c dng cha st, vim ph qun, vim nhim mt v tai, vim mng c, dit giun sn v lm thuc ty x. Sn ph n l s lm tng tit sa. Philippines l c ch nh dng chng thiu mu, do cha lng st cao. V, l v r c dng tng cng tiu ha. Theo Hartwell, hoa, l, v r cn c dng tr sng ty; cn ht dng tr trng bng. Ht iu tr bnh vim d dy. Du ht c dng ngoi iu tr nm da. Trng i hc San Carlos Guatemala tm ra mt loi khng sinh c tc dng nh neomycin c kh nng bo v da khi s vim nhim do Staphylococcus aureus. Loi khng sinh

ny l mt hn hp khng khun v nm c tn pterygospermin, danh php ha hc l glucosinolate 4 alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy benzyl isothiocyanate. Nhiu ni trn th gii dng bt nghin t ht kh trng nc sng, nc sng trong ma l c tng s trc trng Escherichia coli ln ti 1.600 - 18.000 / 100 ml, c x l bng bt ht chm ngy trong vi gi ng h gim xung cn 1 - 200 / 100 ml. R c v ng, c xem nh mt loi thuc b cho c th v phi, iu kinh, long m, li tiu nh. Nicaragua, nc sc r c dng cha bnh ph thng. Dch r c dng ngoi iu tr chng mn nga do d ng. Trong r v ht, cng c cht khng sinh pterygospermin. V cy c dng iu tr chng thiu vitamin C, i khi dng tr tiu chy. Trong nhng nm gn y, nhng cng trnh nghin cu c cng b trong cc bo "Phytotherapy Rechearch" v "Hort Science" cng cho thy cc tc dng khc nhau ca cc b phn cy chm ngy nh, chng h ng huyt, gim sng ty, cha vim lot d dy, iu tr chng h huyt p v ngay c lm m du thn kinh trung ng. Lm thuc nga thai: trong cc ti liu c ni n ph n dn tc Raglay nga thai bng cch c khong nm ngy th ly hai nm r chm ngy cn ti (chng 150gam), ra sch, xt nh, sc ging sc thuc nam, ung hai ln trong ngy. Trong chm ngy c alpha-sitosterol cu trc ging estrogen nn c th c tc dng nga thai. Khi bn c thai, hormon thai nghn l progesterone bi tit lm mm t cung khin c t cung khng co bp. Cn alpha-sitosterol trong rau chm ngy gy co c trn t cung v lm sy thai. V th cc nh khoa hc nhc nh ph n c thai khng c n rau chm ngy. Mt s cch dng chm ngy tr bnh (theo hng dn ca lng y Nguyn Cng c - ging vin khoa Y hc c truyn , H Y Dc,TP.HCM) Tr u x tin lit tuyn: dng 100gr r chm ngy ti v 80gr l trinh n hong cung ti (hoc dng r chm ngy kh 30gr v l trinh n hong cung kh 20gr). em nu vi 2 lt nc, nu cn li na lt thuc. Ung m 3 ln trong ngy. Tr suy nhc c th, suy nhc thn kinh, gip n nh huyt p, n nh ng huyt, bo v gan: mi ngy dng 150gr l chm ngy non ra sch, gi nt, thm 300ml nc sch vt ly nc ct (hoc dng my xay sinh t), thm 2 mung canh mt ong trn u, chia ung 3 ln dng trong ngy.

 Tr tng cholesterol, tng lipid mu, tng triglycerid, hoc lm gim acid uric, ngn nga si oxalate: mi ngy dng 100gr r chm ngy ti (hoc 30gr kh) ra sch, nu vi 1 lt nc, nu si 15 pht, ung c ngy. Nga thai: c 5 ngy th dng 2 nm r cy chm ngy cn ti (150gr) ra sch bm nh nu vi 2 lt nc, nu cn na lt thuc, chia ung 2 ln trong ngy. Chm ngy cn c dng lc nc - bng cch ly 2 tri chm ngy ti c ht gi, ly ht gi nt, trn u 5 pht vi 3 lt nc c, lng 2 gi th c nc trong dng c. 2.1.5.3. Cc gi tr khc Khi ht Moringa gi, ngi ta p ht lm du dng nu n, du dng trong ngnh thm m hoc du dng massage hay loi du sinh hc (biodiesel). Ngoi ra, cc l kh, v cy, r Moringa cng c dng nui tru, b, g Nhiu ni trn th gii dng bt nghin t ht kh trng nc sng, nc sng trong ma l c tng s trc trng Escherichia coli ln ti 1.600 - 18.000 / 100 ml, c x l bng bt ht chm ngy trong vi gi ng h gim xung cn 1 - 200 / 100 ml. V ng dng cng nghip: g cy chm ngy rt nh, c th dng lm ci, nhng nng lng khng cao. N c xem l ngun nguyn liu tim nng cho k ngh giy v cn c dng ch phm mu xanh. V cy c kh nng cung cp ta-nanh (tannin, tanin), nha du v si th. Kh nng phng h: Cy chm ngy thuc loi cy mc nhanh v d tnh, sng c nhng iu kin t ai kh cn v trong iu kin kh hu khc nghit, chu c hn hn. Do vy, nhiu ni trn th gii, cy chm ngy c trng lm hng ro xanh che chn cho cc khu sn xut nng nghip, che bng cho cc cy cng nghip di ngy, chn gi, chn ct bay. Ngoi ra, cy c kh nng ci to t, l dng lm phn xanh v lm thc n b sung cho gia sc rt tt, cy c l nh, thn thon, tn p nn c trng lm cnh.

Nh vy, i chiu cc tnh nng thc vt hc, sinh thi hc v cc thnh tu v dinh dng hc, y hc, mi trng hc, ta thy rng, y l mt loi cy y tim nng cho vic h tr s pht trin cng ng nng thn min ni v vng ct ven bin. khu vc min Trung Vit Nam ni chung v Tha Thin Hu ni ring, cuc sng ca c dn trn di t ct ven bin ang gp nhiu kh khn, do thng xuyn chu nh hng ca thin tai v iu kin khc kin ca mi trng sng, rt cn pht trin nhng loi cy vn nng thch hp. Thit ngh rng, n lc ngh ti vic b tr th nghim cc m hnh trng cy a tc dng cho vng ct ven bin v vng ct ni ng, m cy chm ngy l mt i tng khng th b qua, hu gip c dn ni y c thm mt ngun ti nguyn mi, h tr cho vic bo v sc khe cng ng v cu i nhng lc gip ht. 2.1.6. Nhng nghin cu khoa hc v chm ngy Chm Ngy c xem l mt cy a dng, rt hu ch ti nhng quc gia ngho thuc Th gii th ba nn c nghin cu kh nhiu v cc hot tnh dc dng, gi tr dinh dng v cng nghip. a s cc nghin cu c thc hin ti n , Philippines, v Phi Chu..

Tnh cch a dng ca Moringa oleifera

Nghin cu rng ri nht v gi tr ca Moringa oleifera c thc hin ti H Nng Nghip Falsalabad, Pakistan : Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) l mt cy c gi tr kinh t cao, cy phn b ti nhiu quc gia nhit i v cn nhit i. Cy va l mt ngun dc liu v l mt ngun thc phm rt tt. Cc b phn ca cy cha nhiu khong cht quan trng, v l mt ngun cung cp cht m, vitamins, beta-carotene, acid amin v nhiu hp cht phenolics

Hot tnh khng nm gy bnh

Nghin cu ti Institute of Bioagricultural Sciences, Academia Sinica, i Bc (Taiwan) ghi nhn dch chit t l v ht Chm Ngy bng ethanol c cc hot tnh dit

c nm gy bnh loi Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum v Microsporum canis. Cc phn tch ha hc tm c trong du trch t l Chm Ngy n 44 ha cht. (Bioresource Technology S 98-2007).

Tc dng ca qu Chm Ngy trn cholesterol v lipid trong mu

Nghin cu ti H Baroda, Kalabhavan, Gujarat (n ) v hot tnh trn cc thng s lipid ca quChm Ngy, th trn th, ghi nhn : Th cho n Chm Ngy (200mg/kg mi ngy) hay ung lovastatin (6mg/kg/ ngy) trn trong mt hn hp thc phm c tnh cch to cholestero cao, th nghim ko di 120 ngy. Kt qu cho thy Chm Ngy v Lovastatin c tc dng gy h cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL h t s cholesterol/ phospholipid trong mu..so vi th trong nhm i chng. Khi cho th bnh thng dng Chm Ngy hay Lovastatin : mc HDL li gim h nhng nu th b cao cholesterol th mc HDL li gia tng. Ring Chm Ngy cn c thm tc dng lm tng s thi loi cholesterol qua phn (Journal of Ethnopharmacology S 86-2003).

Cc hot tnh chng co-git, chng sng v gy li tiu

Dch trch bng nc nng ca hoa, l, r, ht..v thn Chm Ngy c nghin cu ti Trung Tm Nghin cu K Thut (CEMAT) ti Guatamala City v cc hot tnh dc hc, th ni chut. Hot tnh chng co git c chng minh bng th nghim trn chut c lp, hot tnh chng sng th trn chn chut b gy ph bng carrageenan v tc dng li tiu bng lng nc tiu thu c khi chut c nui nht trong lng. Nc trch t ht cho thy tc ng c ch kh r s co git gy ra bi acetylcholine liu ED50= 65.6 mg/ml mi trng ; tc ng c ch ph gy ra do carrageenan c nh 1000mg/kg v hot tnh li tiu cng 1000 mg/kg. Nc trch t R cng cho mt s kt qu (Journal of Ethnopharmacology S 36-1992).

Cc cht gy t bin genes t ht Chm ngy rang chn

Mt s cc hp cht cc cht gy t bin genes c tm thy trong ht Chm Ngy rang chn : Cc cht quan trng nht c xc nh l 4 (alpha Lrhamnosyloxy)

phenylacetonitrile; 4 - hydroxyphenylacetonitri le v 4 - hydroxyphenyl-acetamide. (Mutation Research S 224-1989).

Kh nng nga thai ca R Chm Ngy

Nghin cu ti H Jiwaji, Gwalior (n ) v cc hot tnh estrogenic, khng estrogenic, nga thai ca nc chit t R Chm Ngy ghi nhn chut b ct bung trng, cho ung nc chit, c s gia tng trng lng ca t cung. Hot tnh estrogenic c chng minh bng s kch thch hot ng m t bo t cung. Khi cho chut ung nc chit ny chung vi estradiol dipropionate (EDP) th c s tip ni tt gim trng lng ca t cung so snh vi s gia tng trng lng khi ch cho chut ung ring EDP. Trong th nghim deciduoma liu cao nht 600mg/kg c tc ng gy ri lon s to deciduoma ni 50 % s chut th . Tc dng nga thai ca R Chm Ngy c cho l do nhiu yu t phi hp (Journal of Ethnopharmacology S 22-1988).

Hot tnh khng sinh ca Ht Chm Ngy

4 (alpha-L-Rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate c xc nh l c hot tnh khng sinh mnh nht trong cc hot cht trch t ht Chm Ngy ( trong ht Chm Ngy cn c benzyl isothiocyanate). Hp cht trn c ch s tng trng ca nhiu vi khun v nm gy bnh. Nng ti thiu c ch Bacillus subtilis l 56 micromol/l v c ch Mycobacterium phlei l 40 micromol/l (Planta Medica S 42-1981).

Hot tnh ca R Chm ngy trn Sn thn loi Oxalate

Th nghim ti H Dc K.L.E.S, Nehru Nagar, Karnakata (n ) trn chut b gy sn thn, oxalate bng ethylen glycol ghi nhn dch chit bng nc v alcohol r cng li g Chm Ngy lm gim r rt nng oxalate trong nc tiu bng cch can thip vo s tng hp oxalate trong c th. S kt ng to sn trong thn cng gim rt r khi cho chut dng dch chit ny nh mt bin php phng nga bnh sn thn .

Dng ht Chm ngy lc nc

Ht Chm Ngy c cha mt s hp cht a in gii (polyelectrolytes) t nhin c th dng lm cht kt ta lm trong nc.Kt qu th nghim lc nc : Nc c ( c 15-25 NTU, cha cc vi khun tp 280-500 cfu ml(-1), khun coli t phn 280-500 MPN 100 ml(-1). Dng ht Chm Ngy lm cht to trm lng v kt t, a n kt qu rt tt ( c cn 0.3-1.5 NTU; vi khun tp cn 5-20 cfu; v khun coli cn 5-10 MPN..) Phng php lc ny rt hu dng ti cc vng nng thn ca cc nc ngho..v c p dng kh rng ri ti n (Journal of Water and Health S 3-2005).

Chm ngy trong dc hc dn gian

- n : Chm Ngy c gi l sainjna, mungna (Hindi, Asam, Bengal..); Phn ng: Shobhanjana.L mt trong nhng cy thuc dn gian rt thng dng ti n . V thn c dng tr nng st, au bao t, au bng khi c kinh, su rng, lm thuc thoa tr hi tc; tr au trong c hng (dng chung vi hoa ca cy ngh, ht tiu en, r c Dioscorea oppositifolia); tr kinh phong (dng chung vi thuc phin); tr au quanh c (thoa chung vi cn hnh ca Melothria heterophylla, Cocci nia cordifolia, ht mp (Luffa) v ht Lagenaria vulgaris); tr tiu ra mu; tr th t (dng chung vi v thn Calotropis gigantea, Tiu en, v Cha vi. Hoa dng lm thuc b, li tiu. Qu gi k vi gng v l Justicia gendarussa lm thuc p tr gy xng. L tr m ci, gy nn v au bng khi c kinh. Ht: du t ht tr phong thp. - Pakistan: Cy c gi l Sajana, Sigru. Cng nh ti n, Chm Ngy c dng rt nhiu lm cc phng thuc tr bnh trong dn gian. Ngoi cc cch s dng nh ti n , cc thnh phn ca cy cn c dng nh : L gi nt p ln vt thng, tr sng v nht, p v bng dch hon tr sng v sa; trn vi mt ong p ln mt tr mt sng .. V thn dng ph thai bng cch a vo t cung gy gin n. V r dng sc ly nc tr au rng, au tai..R ti ca cy non dng tr nng st , phong thp, gout, sng gan v l lch..Nha t chi non dng chung vi sa tr nhc u, sng rng

- Trung M: Ht Chm Ngy c dng tr to bn, mn cc v giun sn . - Saudi Arabia : Ht c dng tr au bng, n khng tiu, nng st, sng ty ngoi da, tiu ng v au tht ngang hng. - Vit Nam : R Chm Ngy c cho l c tnh kch thch, gip lu thng mu huyt, lm d tiu ha, tc dng trn h thn kinh, lm du au. Hoa c tnh kch dc. Ht lm gim au. Nha (gomme) t thn c tc dng lm du au.