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LAP KE HOACH VA TIEN O D AN

NOI DUNG
Vai tro va chc nang cua viec lap ke hoach d an Cac ky thuat va cong cu c ban e lap ke hoach va tien o d an

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CAU HOI THAO LUAN


e d an thanh cong chung ta co nhat thiet phai lap ke hoach khong? Tai sao?

TAI SAO PHAI LAP KE HOACH?


am bao at c muc tieu am bao trnh t cong viec Xac nh thi gian, chi ph, yeu cau chat lng Nang cao hieu qua s dung nguon lc Giup viec kiem soat va theo doi Tang cng giao tiep/ phoi hp Khuyen khch, ong vien Huy ong von Cung cap d lieu Hau het cac kho khan cua d an gap phai la do thieu ke hoach hoac lap ke hoach khong ung

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CAC BC LAP KE HOACH D AN


Xac nh muc tieu Xac nh cong viec To chc Ke hoach tai chnh & nguon lc Lap tien o Ke hoach kiem soat Lam chi tiet thiet ke d an

CAU TRUC PHAN VIEC (WBS)


WBS la cong cu QLDA quan trong nhat va la c s cho tat ca cac bc lap ke hoach va kiem soat. WBS la phng phap xac nh co he thong cac cong viec cua mot d an bang cach chia nho d an thanh cac cong viec nho dan vi muc ch: ch: Tach d an thanh cac cong viec vi mc o chi tiet, cu the hn. hn. Xac nh tat ca cac cong viec. c tnh nguon lc, thi gian, chi ph va cac yeu gian, cau ky thuat khac 1 cach he thong. g. Phan chia trach nhiem cu the va hp ly.
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WBS DANG S O KHOI


Cap 1 TPTWSSP

Cap 2

PHAP

Cap nc

Thoat nc

Cap 3

WBS DANG LIET KE


1.0.0 DA TH BA CAP NC VA VE SINH CAC TH XA, TH TRAN (TPTWSSP) 1.1.0 Cac cong tac khi au 1.1.1 Thanh lap PCU va PPMU 1.1.2 Thng lng vay von 1.1.3 La chon va ch nh t van giam sat va thiet ke 1.1.4 Ho tr va nh hng DA 1.2.0 Chng trnh nhan thc ve sc khoe cua tnh (PHAP) 1.2.1 Thanh lap va thiet ke PHAP 1.2.2 Chuyen giao PHAP 1.2.3 Chng trnh tn dung ve sinh 1.3.0 Cap nc 1.3.1 Thu hoi at 1.3.2 Khao sat (a hnh, a chat, kiem nh nc 1.3.3 Chng trnh UFW 1.3.4 ieu tra/kiem nh mang cap nc 1.3.5 Thiet ke chi tiet he thong cap nc 1.3.6 Hp ong au thau canh tranh quoc te ICB 1.3.7 Hp ong au thau cap nc canh tranh8 trong nc LCB

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WBS DANG LIET KE


1.0.0 DA TH BA CAP NC VA VE SINH CAC TH XA, TH TRAN (TPTWSSP) 1.4.0 Thoat nc va ve sinh (D & S) 1.4.1 Thiet ke chi tiet cac cong trnh D & S 1.4.2 Hp ong au thau canh tranh trong nc LCB 1.4.3 Cai thien D & S 1.4.4 Cac hoat ong ve sinh khu vc t va cong trong nc 1.5.0 Xay dng nang l va ho tr thc hien 1.5.1 Thiet ke chng trnh ao tao va ao tao chnh thc 1.5.2 ao tao tai ni lam viec

NHAN DANG MOT WBS TOT


Mot goi cong viec c xac nh ro rang co cac ac iem sau: sau: Chat lng va mc o hoan thanh cua no co the o c mot cach de dang. g. No co s kien bat au va ket thuc. No quen thuoc oi vi nhom d an; thi gian, chi ph va gian, cac nguon nhan lc co the c d tnh mot cach de dang. g. No bao gom cac cong viec co the quan ly, co the o c va cac cong viec nay oc lap vi cac cong viec cua hoat ong khac. No thng gom mot chuoi cac cong viec lien tuc t khi bat au en khi ket thuc.
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TO CHC
Xac nh nhu cau nhan s.
Tuyen chon giam oc va can bo d an. To chc Ban QLDA. Phan cong cong viec/ trach nhiem/ quyen lc cho cac thanh vien trong Ban QLDA. Ke hoach to chc e phoi hp va giao tiep vi cac ben lien quan khac. Cong cu: Bieu o trach nhiem, bieu o to chc, s o dong thong tin (bieu o bao cao).
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TO CHC
BIEU O TRACH NHIEM
Giam oc ieu hanh Giam oc phan mem Giam oc san xuat Giam oc ky thuat Giam oc Marketing 3 3 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 4 4 1

Thiet lap ke hoach d an Xay dng cau truc phan viec Thiet ke phan cng Thiet ke phan mem Thiet ke giao dien Thiet ke ky thuat san xuat nh ro cac tai lieu lien quan Thiet lap ke hoach gii thieu SP Chuan b nguon nhan s Chuan b chi ph cho thiet b Chuan b chi ph cho NVL Phan cong cong viec Thiet lap tien o thc hien 1 Trach nhiem thc hien chnh 2 Giam sat chung 3 Phai c tham khao

2 5 2 2 2 2 2

Giam oc d an 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 5 3 3 3 3

Pho chu tch

3 3 1 4 1 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 4

4 Co the c tham khao 5 Phai c thong bao 6 Thong qua cuoi cung

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THAO LUAN
Anh/ Ch hay gi nh lai mot d an gan ay ma anh/ch a tham gia, t o xay dng lai cau truc phan viec cua d an nay va s o trach nhiem cua d an

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LAP KE HOACH TAI CHNH & NGUON LC


D kien nguon lc can thiet cho moi hoat ong va long ghep vao ngan sach d an. Lap he thong kiem soat tai chnh (nguyen tac, trach nhiem,) da vao quy nh cua nha nc/ cong ty/ nha tai tr. Lap ke hoach tai chnh ( au, khi nao, bao nhieu, va cho viec g) Chuan b d toan ve dong tien ke ca nhng chi tieu bat ng. Cong cu: phan tch dong tien, phan tch rui ro. 14

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LAP TIEN O CAC HOAT ONG


D kien thi gian can thiet e hoan thanh moi hoat ong. X.nh thi gian bat au va ket thuc cho moi hoat ong. Kiem tra lieu cac nguon lc co u e ket thuc cong viec nh a lap ke hoach khong? Xac nh cac moc quan trong cho d an. X.nh trnh t can thiet cua cac hoat ong.

ro. X.nh s can oi gia thi gian va chi ph.

X.nh cac hoat ong quan trong va d kien cac rui

Cong cu: bieu o thanh ngang (s o Gantt), CPM, 15 PERT.

LAP KE HOACH KIEM SOAT


Xac nh cac cach o tien o theo giai oan. Xac nh c che kiem soat: ai, khi nao va lam the nao e kiem soat tien o thc hien. Xac nh cac tieu chuan chat lng. Thc hien viec quan ly rui ro: xac nh, phan tch cac rui ro lien quan va phac thao oi sach cac rui ro. ay la phan hay b thieu trong ke hoach d an, do o se gay ra nhieu cn au au cho cac giam oc d an giai oan thc hien sau 16 nay.
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LAP KE HOACH KIEM SOAT


Muc tieu d an Chi ph Tien o Pham vi Cac mc anh gia anh hng cua rui ro oi vi cac muc tieu cua d an Rat thap (0,05) Chi ph tang khong ang ke Tien o tre khong ang ke Pham vi giam khong ang ke Thap (0,1) Chi ph tang < 5% Tien o tre < 5% Pham vi cua nhng khu vc phu b anh hng Trung bnh (0,2) Chi ph tang 5-7% Tien o tre 5-7% Pham vi cua nhng khu vc chnh b anh hng Cao (0,4) Chi ph tang 10 -20% Tien o tre 10 -20% Rat cao (0,8) Chi ph tang > 20% Tong the tien o tre > 20% Hang muc ket thuc d an khong s dung hieu qua Hang muc ket thuc d an khong the s dung hieu qua

Chat lng

Chat lng Mot so ac giam khong tnh khong quan trong ang ke b anh hng

Viec giam pham vi cua d an co the khong c khach hang chap nhan Viec giam Viec giam chat lng oi chat lng hoi phai c khong c khach hang khach hang chap nhan thong qua

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LAP KE HOACH KIEM SOAT


MA TRAN XAC SUAT XAY RA - MC ANH HNG CUA RUI RO
Xac suat xay ra (P) 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3 0,1 iem so rui ro = P x I 0,05 0,09 0,18 0,36 0,72 0,04 0,07 0,14 0,28 0,56 0,03 0,05 0,10 0,20 0,40 0,02 0,03 0,06 0,12 0,24 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,04 0,08 0,05 0,10 0,20 0,40 0,80 Mc anh hng cua rui ro oi vi muc tieu d an (I)

Cac oi sach
- Chap nhan - Phan bo rui ro - Ngan nga - Thay oi g.phap, c.nghe - Giam thieu hau qua - Dng d an
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CAC KY THUAT LAP TIEN O D AN


au vao Nhng thong tin can thiet Danh sach cac cong tac (WBS) Moi quan he trc sau gia cac cong tac Thi gian, nguon lc thc hien cua moi cong tac

X ly

au ra Nhng thong tin nhan c Thi gian hoan thanh d an Xac nh c cac cong tac gang Thi gian d tr cua cac cong tac khong gang Nguon lc c ieu hoa Tien trien cua DA
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X ly bang s o Gantt, CPM, PERT

S O THANH NGANG

TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Cong tac 1 XD bo phan ben trong Sa cha mai va san Xay ong gom khoi o be tong va xay khung Xay ca lo chu nhiet Lap at HT kiem soat Lap at thiet b loc kh Kiem tra va th nghiem

Thi gian (tuan) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

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S O THANH NGANG
% hoan than h TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Con g tac Xay dn g bo phan ben trong Sa cha m ai va san Xay on g gom khoi o be ton g va xay khung Xay ca lo chu nhiet Lap at he thon g kiem soat Lap at thiet b loc kh Kiem tra va th nghiem 1 2 3 4 Thi gian (tuan ) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Khoi ln g con g viec hoan than h

Thi gian an h gia

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S O THANH NGANG
T ua n TT C o n g tac 1 2 3 4 5 6 ao m o n g o m o n g X ay tn g M ai S an nha H o a n thien Tro n g so 10 15 5 30 30 10 100
Th i gian (tu an ) th e o ke h oac h Tch luy Th i gian (tu an ) th e o th c te Tch luy
5.0 12.5 10.0 17.5 30.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 17.5 27.5 45.0 75.0 90.0 4.0 10.0 10.0 4.0 14.0 24.0 100

1 5

2 5

7
100 90

7.5 7.5 2.5 2.5 15 15 15 15 10

75

60

45

30

15

B ieu o tien trien d a n theo gi la o o n g co tro n g so

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S O THANH NGANG
Xay dng s o thanh ngang cho d an sau: Cong tac Cong tac trc Thi gian (tuan) A B C D E F G A A, B C, D, E F 5 3 8 7 7 4 5
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Hay xac nh thi gian hoan thanh d an va thi gian d tr cua moi cong tac.

S O THANH NGANG
u iem:
De xay dng va lam cho ngi oc de nhan biet cong viec va thi gian thc hien cua cac cong tac Thay ro tong thi gian thc hien cac cong viec

Nhc iem:

Khong the hien c moi quan he gia cac cong tac, khong ghi ro quy trnh cong nghe. Trong d an co nhieu cong tac th ieu nay the hien rat ro net. Ch ap dung cho nhng d an co quy mo nho, khong phc tap.
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PHNG PHAP CPM VA PERT


PHNG PHAP CPM HAY NG GANG 1957 Cac DA bao tr nha may cho c.ty DuPont Nham can oi gia chi ph va thi gian Phng phap tat nh KY THUAT ANH GIA VA XEM XET LAI DA (PERT) 1958 Chng trnh Ten la an ao cua Hai quan My Nham d bao thi gian hoan thanh cho cac DA nhieu rui ro 25 Phng phap xac suat

QUAN HE GIA THI GIAN VA CHI PH


Chi ph (1000 USD) 330 328 326 324 322 320 318 316 314 312 310 308 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bnh thng Tuan 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Rut ngan toan bo

Lap bieu o quan he gia thi gian (D) va chi ph (CP) D (tuan) (tua CP (1000 $) 15 308 14 309 13 311 12 313 11 315 10 317 9 320 8 323 7 326,5
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LAP LCH TRNH DA BANG MS PROJECT

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LAP LCH TRNH DA BANG MS PROJECT

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CAC THONG SO CHNH CUA CPM/PERT


ES
2 2 6 2. ao C 8 8 8 23

EF
8 8 3 3. San C 2 15 11 10 25 11

LS

LF
4. Nen H. KS

EOi LOi i

A, tij LSij

DANG AON

DANG AOA

Thi gian d tr cua cac cong tac (TF) Cong tac gang va cong tac khong gang
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THAO LUAN
Mot d an xay dng tram bm gom cac cong viec can phai thc hien nh sau: T T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cong tac ong coc ao Lam san Lam nen cua hop kiem soat Xay tng Xay mai Lap at lan 1 Lap at HT ong dan Lap at bm Lap at lan 2 Lap at hop kiem soat Hang rao bao ve Cong tac trc 1 2 2 3 5 5 7 6 6,8 4,9 10,11 Thi gian (ngay) 2 6 3 2 6 4 1 8 3 2 3 4
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Hay ve s o mang (CPM) cho d an nay

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MOI QUAN HE GIA CAC CONG TAC


FS (Finish to Start)
0 0 2 C 6 C 6 A 0 C 6 A 0 C 6 6 6 2 2 6 6 6 1. o b.tong FS = 6 8 8 4 4 7 7 26 26 10 2. Xay C 4 C 4 B C 4 B C 30
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18 18 8 8 11 11 30

SS (Start to Start)

0 0

1. ao mong

SS = 4

2. o b.tong

FF (Finish to Finish)

FF = 5

SF (Start to Finish)

SF = 30

THAO LUAN
Da tren cac cong tac c hnh thanh t WBS phan thao luan trc, anh/ch hay c tnh thi gian hoan thanh cua moi cong tac va moi quan he trc sau gia cac cong tac vi nhau. T o hay xay dng s o thanh ngang va s o mang (CPM/ PERT) cho d an nay.

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XAC SUAT HOAN THANH D AN (PERT) 3 loai thi gian c tnh:


Thi gian lac quan: a Thi gian thng xay ra nhat: m Thi gian bi quan: b

Thi gian ky vong: te = (a+4m+b)/6 Phng sai: 2 = (b-a)2/36 Xac suat hoan thanh d an
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THAO LUAN
V du: Hay xay dng s o mang dang AOA cho d an sau: Cong tac
Co ng ta c

trc

A La chon phan cng B Thiet ke phan mem C Cai at phan cng A D Ma hoa va kiem tra phan mem B E Hoan thanh cac file B F Viet tai lieu hng dan s dung G ao tao s dung E,F H - Cai at va kiem tra he thong C,D Hoi: Tai s kien sau khi cong tac C va D hoan thanh, thi gian mong muon la 10 tuan th xac suat hoan thanh cua s kien nay la bao nhieu %? Tai s kien ket thuc d an, thi gian mong muon la 12 tuan th xac suat hoan thanh cua d an la bao nhieu %?

Thi gian (tuan) a m b te 5 6 8 6,17 3 4 5 4,00 2 3 3 2,83 3,5 4 5 4,08 1 3 4 2,83 8 10 15 10,5 2 3 4 3,00 2 2 2,5 2,08

o lech chuan () 0,50 0,33 0,17 0,25 0,50 1,17 0,33 0,08

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THAO LUAN
Khi thc hien d an, Anh/ Ch co quan tam en:

Viec can oi gia thi gian va chi ph khong? Viec phan bo nguon lc khong?

Neu co th hay trnh bay tai sao lai quan tam va chia se nhng kinh nghiem ma anh/ ch a thc hien ieu nay nh the nao?
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RUT NGAN TIEN O D AN


Rut ngan tien o chi ph tang len Van e at ra: Lam the nao rut ngan tien o vi chi ph tang len la nho nhat Xac nh quan he gia thi gian va chi ph Cac bc thc hien rut ngan d an
1.c tnh thi gian va chi ph trong ieu kien bnh thng cua cac cong tac. c tnh thi gian va chi ph trong ieu kien rut ngan cua cac cong tac. 2.Tm ng gang trong ieu kien bnh thng. Tnh tong chi ph cua tat ca cac cong tac trong 36 ieu kien bnh thng
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RUT NGAN TIEN O D AN


3.Tnh chi ph rut ngan n v cho tat ca cac cong tac. 4.Rut ngan cong tac nam tren ng gang co chi ph rut ngan n v nho nhat. 5.Xac nh lai ng gang va tiep tuc lap lai bc 4 cho en khi at c mong muon rut ngan e ra.
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V DU RUT NGAN TIEN O


Cong Cong viec A B C D E F G H Tac trc A B C C D,E F,G T.gian (tuan) Bnh thng 2 3 2 4 4 3 5 2 Rut ngan 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 Chi ph ($) Bnh thng Rut ngan Chi ph rut ng

ngan n v Gang? ($) 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 2,000 3,000 ung Khong ung Khong ung Khong ung ung

22,000 23,000 30,000 34,000 26,000 27,000 48,000 49,000 56,000 58,000 30,000 30,500 80,000 86,000 16,000 19,000

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THAO LUAN
Xem xet mot d an sau:
Cong viec Cong viec trc TG bnh thng (ngay) TG rut ngan (ngay) Chi ph trong k bnh thng ($) Tong chi ph trong k rut ngan ($)

A 7 4 500 800 B A 3 2 200 350 C 6 4 500 900 D C 3 1 200 500 E B,D 2 1 300 550 Hoi: 1. Tnh chi ph rut ngan n v? 2. Nhng cong viec nao nen c rut ngan e ap ng thi gian hoan thanh d an la 10 ngay vi chi ph tang len la thap nhat? 3. Tnh tong chi ph hoan thanh d an trong 10 ngay?

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PHAN BO NGUON LC
Khoi lng nguon lc
Khoi lng nguon lc A Khong eu Khong tot Khoi lng nguon lc A eu Tot

Thi gian

Thi gian

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PHAN BO NGUON LC
Can bang nguon lc
Can bang nguon lc la qua trnh lap thi gian bieu cho cac cong tac sao cho viec s dung nguon lc la can bang nhau trong suot qua trnh thc hien d an. Viec can bang nguon lc co the c thc hien bang cach dch chuyen cac cong tac:
trong thi gian d tr cho phep khong thay oi thi gian thc hien DA vt qua thi gian d tr cho phep neu nguon lc han che keo dai thi gian thc hien d an. 41

PHAN BO NGUON LC
Cac bc thc hien can bang nguon lc
Ve s o thanh ngang (Gantt) theo phng thc trien khai sm. Ve s o khoi lng cua moi nguon lc. Chon nguon lc can bang (nguon lc dao ong nhieu nhat, khan hiem, at tien,). Dch chuyen cac cong viec co s dung nguon lc nay trong thi gian d tr cua chung e can bang viec s dung nguon lc nay trong suot d an. Ve lai s o khoi lng cho tat ca cac nguon lc. Chon nguon lc can can bang ke tiep va lap lai cac bc tren 42

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V DU PHAN BO NGUON LC
A, 2 ngay, 2 ngi 0 0
3

2 5

Cong tac A B C

2
B

5 5

(2)
0 1 2 3 4 5

0 2

5 ngay, 4 ngi

C, 3 ngay, 2 ngi

3
3 5

(1)

Nhan lc 8 (ngi) 6 4

A C B
1 2 3 4 5

Nhan lc (ngi)

(3)

0 6 4 2 8 Nhan lc (ngi) 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 0

4 ngi 2 ngi

(5)

C B
1 2 3

(4)
5

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THAO LUAN
Mot d an co thi gian thc hien va cong lao ong (lao ong pho thong) cho tng cong tac nh sau:
Con g tac A B C D E F G Con g tac trc A A,B C,D,E F Thi gian (tuan ) 5 3 8 7 7 4 5 Con g lao on g/ tuan 8 4 3 2 5 9 7
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THAO LUAN
Gia thiet moi tuan lam viec 5 ngay. Hay:
Ve bieu o thanh ngang cua d an Ve bieu o khoi lng nguon lc Can bang nguon lc nham s dung hieu qua nguon lc Neu s san co cua nguon lc (nguon lc toi a) la:
11 cong lao ong/ tuan g/ 10 cong lao ong/ tuan g/ 9 cong lao ong/ tuan g/

th thi gian hoan thanh d an tng

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THAO LUAN
A B C D E F G

10

15

20

25 TG
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THAO LUAN
Cong L 20 17 15 10 5 0 E B A 5 E E D C 10 15 F G 20 25 TG
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THAO LUAN
Cong L 20 15 10 5 0 A B B E D C 5 10 15 F G 20 25 TG
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THAO LUAN
Cong L 20 15 10 5 0 A 5 B C 10 10 E D E D 15 F 20 G 25 TG
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THAO LUAN
Cong L 20 15 10 5 0 A 5 B C 10 9 D E D 15 F 20 G 25 TG
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Thm nh u t pht trin Bi ging

Bi ging 25 Lp k hoch v tin d n

CPM/PERT: AP DUNG VA GII HAN Ap dung: nh mc nguon lc: e len lch lai cac nhiem vu nham co c s s dung can bang mot cach tng ng vi cac nguon lc. Quan he thi gian va chi ph: c tnh chi ph them vao neu ta muon rut ngan thi gian hoan thanh d an. c tnh kha nang (xac suat) e hoan thanh d an trong thi han a nh, hoac c tnh lch trnh thi gian an toan e hoan thanh 51 d an.

CPM/PERT: AP DUNG VA GII HAN HAN CHE: oi hoi phai co nhng gia nh nhieu khi khong thc te, v du nh: D an c nh ngha nh la chuoi hoat ong co the xac nh c, oc lap va biet trc moi quan he gia chung. Thi gian thc hien cac cong viec la c lap va co the d tnh c chnh xac.

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Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright 2004-2005

Thm nh u t pht trin Bi ging

Bi ging 25 Lp k hoch v tin d n

TAI SAO KE HOACH THAT BAI?


Ke hoach c xay dng da tren cac so lieu khong ay u. Muc ch, muc tieu va cac ch so ky thuat cua d an khong c hieu (hoac khong nhat tr cac cap). Ke hoach do mot ngi lam con viec thc hien th bi ngi khac. Ke hoach khong co phan theo doi, kiem soat va ieu chnh. Ke hoach thieu nhng ch so o tien o ac biet, hoac co nhng sai.
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