1.

Theo nh kin thc m h ca em th iu ch tn hiu l qu trnh ghi thng tin ca

tin tc vo sng mang (cao tn hay tn s cao) a thng tin i c xa ging nh ngi i b th i c t nhng tro xe my vt ga th c th hng gi ng trng . Nhng li c 1 th tri khoy l tn hiu cao tn th li c suy hao nhiu hn trong mi trng khng kh (c m v bi), thm ch trong mi trng nc (mt cc phn t nhiu hn) phi s dng sng di truyn) vy v sao n li truyn c tin tc i xa hn ? Cu hoi nay cua ban cung ging nh cu: Tai sao phai iu ch tin hiu? Ban bit o, tin hiu bng gc la tng hp cua nhiu tin hiu n le co tn s khac nhau. Ma tn s tin hiu lai ti l thun vi nng lng bc xa in t vao mi trng khng gian thng qua Antenna: G = (.D.f/c)^2 , EIRP = Pt * Gt EIRP t l thun vi f nn tn hiu tn s cng cao th cng c kh nng truyn i xa hn. Nh vy, nu truyn ti tn hiu bng gc ra khng gian th do suy hao v thi gian tr m ti u thu pha antenna thu s khng th khi phc c tin tc ban u (do tr va suy hao cac tin hiu thanh phn). Mt khac, nu khng iu ch thi h thng nao cung truyn tai bng gc thi tin hiu se bi nhiu loan ca vi do co cung thanh phn tn s. Y th hai cua cu hoi la: Tn s cang cao thi kha nng bc xa in t cang ln va tin hiu se truyn i c cang xa (khoang cach L ti l thun vi tn s F). Nhng lai co mt nghich ly la Tn s cang cao thi suy hao cang ln ( L ti l nghich vi tn s F). o la nhc im c ban cua cac phng phap iu ch thng thng nh: ASK, FSK, PSK...Va khi s dung nhng phng phap iu ch nay thi ngi ta thng quan tm ti khoang cach nhiu hn la cht lng tin hiu truyn i. Tuy nhin vi s phat trin cua cac cng ngh hin nay thi dng nh a giai quyt c bai toan v nhiu knh, suy hao. Ta a s dung nhng ky thut iu ch khac nh : BPSK, QPSK, hay tin tin hn thi s dung Ky thut iu ch a song mang (multi - carrier). Cng ngh khng dy 4G con s dung mt ky thut iu ch goi la Trai ph a song mang MC-CDMA, o la s kt hp cua Ky thut trai ph va iu ch a song mang. Thng tin chi tit ban co th oc trn cac tai liu vit v vn nay nh: - Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems Tc gi: K.Fazel v S.Kaiser - Multi-Carrier CDMA in an Indoor Wireless Radio Channel Tc gi: Nathan Yee v Jean-Paul Linnartz