%syRVNRP sR NRPR

xqsWR sVsVVs afsNR PVRV sVVR\s sVVsVNRPV %s}mnsVaRP*LRiVRV xmsos %sysLi, AL][ RLiRVTs FsLiRVNRPV
RWRNRPWRRV @s[ %sxtsQRWsV B %ssLjixqsVyRV.
INRPxmsVRV gRi (GsVgRiV) LRiWxmsLi[ sos gRixqsVLRiVRV @s[ LSORPQxqs LS xmsLRisV bPsoTs gRiVLjiLi ds RxmsxqsV= [RVLi
FyLRiLiLiyRV. @Rs RxmsxqsV=NRPV sV xmsLRisVbPsoRV xmsRQORPQ \sV GRy sLRiLi N][LRiVN][sVyRV.
@xmsVRV gRixqsVLRiVRV ""ry*%dsV, %dsVLRiV FsxmsVRW y DRLRiLi [xms[ soLiy'' @s N][LRiVNRPVyRV. sV}aRP*LRiVRV
@Rs N][lLi dlLi[LiRVN][xqsLi gRixqsVLRiVT F~ [xmsNTP xmss[bPLi @NRP[ soLiRLi sVVRV|msRV.
Bj soLi[, \ZNPxqsLi (bPsoT BV)[ sos FyLRi*d[%s LRi gRiVLjiLi RVNRP @s ][ sRVNRPVRW
N]LiRNSsNTP bPsoRV gRixqsVLRiVT F~[ soyRs VxqsVNRPVLij. NSds, bPsoTs G %sRLigS RVNRPV LRizmsLiy[
RVNRP FsLi][ RxmsT, sLjiNTP %sxtsvsVWLjis FyLjiLi, Rs LRi %sxtsQRVLi zmsLij.
""J sVsVy, xmspLRi*Li ryxqsVLRiVs LjisVLi y LRis NSFyT yNRPV Byso. BxmsVRV NRPWy GRy
DFyRVLi A[LiRV'' @s NRPds NSLjiLij. %sxtsvsVWLji FyLRi*d [%ss JyLji xmsLi}msaSRV.
@xmsVRV $xLji x sVVR\s [sRsV zms gRixqsVLRiVs RLi}msLiRVNRPV gRiLigjilLiRVsV ATLi[yTgS
ss[V xqs\lLisj @s sLRiLiVVLiyRV.
bPsoT yxsLi sLijs INRP gRiLigjilLiRVgS [zqs, x sVVR\s [sR[R R N]NRP yLiVVRLi ByRV. ysV
LRiV gRiLiV, xqsyLiVV dxqsVNRPVs gRixqsVLRiVRV soLi[ gRixqsVLRixmsoLRiLi RgRiLRiNRPV sRV. @NRPR gRixqsVLRiVT FsRVLRiVgS
RNRPgS sLijs ATLiyRV. A gRiLigjilLiRV A RW gRixqsVLRiVRV AsLiRLi F~Lij, ""%dsVNRPV GLi NSy[ N][LRiVN][LiT.
s[s V Brys V'' @s FyRV.
@xmsVRV $xLji ""Bj bPsoT yxsLi sLij. bPsoTs sjZNP[LiRVZNP[ sLij NS bPsoTs Bso*'' @s N][LSRV.
A sWNRPV sLSLiRxmsTs gRixqsVLRiVRV gRiLigjilLiRVsV ATLi[LiRVNRPV ss yRV $xLji @s VxqsVNRPVs, RsNRPV
yso RxmsRs @LRiLi [xqsVNRPVyRV. @xmsoRV Rs F~[xms sos bPsoTs ""y bPLRixqsV= @LiRLjiNUP xmspdsRVLigS
soLiy. y RLRiLi sVso* RLjiLiy'' @s N][LRiVNRPVyRV. RLS*R RssV RLi}msLiRVNRPV $xLjiNTP @sVsV ByRV.
sLij Rs N]sVV][ gRixqsVLRiVTs F~ dgS, [xmssVLi bPsoRV \NRPV syRV.
xLji bPsoT][ ""RyLjiNTP BLi sLSV Bs*NRPWRRV. B}qs FysVVNRPV FyV Fzqss[ @soRVLij'' @s FyRV.
RLS*R x, BRLRi [sRNRPV %ds][V xmsNTP ysV NRPWy \sNRPVLihSsNTP sFRWRV. bPsoRV \ZNPrysNTP
sFRWRV.
%syRVNRPVT xmsoVNRP
\ZNPxqsLi[ sos FyLRi*d[%s bPsoRV sxqsVyRs yLRi %ss R rysLi [RWs sLRiLiVVLiRVNRPVs sVgRiV zmsLiT][
INRP zmsyTs RRWLRiV [zqsLij. @RsNTP FyLi Fzqs gRiVsVLi sVVLiRV soLiLij. rysLi [zqss RLS*R sgRi][
@LiNRPLjiLiRVNRPVs bPsoT N][xqsLi FsRVLRiV RWRLi sVVRV|msLij.
Bj B soLiRgS, bPsoTNTP [xmsNTP sxqsVLiRgS gRiVsVLi[ sos zmsyRV @RV FyRV. N][xmsLi RVNRPVs bPsoRV
aRPWLi][ A VT NRPLihRiLi sLjiNSRV.
[xmsNTP ss bPsoTNTP FyLRi*d[%s FsRVLRiVs xmspLi, NRPWL][ sWRVRVLiRgS gRiVsVLi[ sos zmsyT
xmsxqsNTP sLij. @xmsVRV bPsoRV ysV [zqss xmssNTP RxmsT, ysV dxqsVNRPV ss gRixqsVLRiVT bPLRixqsV=sV A VTNTP
@NTPLi FyLi FaSRV. @RsNTP "gRissVRV' @s[ }msLRiV |ms, |msLiRVN][sLi FyLRiLiLiyLRiV.
gRissVRV NRPWy NTP][ R RLiRVNRPV }qssV [RVrygSRV. @sLiRVRV @s[ FsVNRPsV yxsLigS [xqsVNRPVs
LRigRiLi sVVRV|msRV. N]LiRNSsNTP FyLRi*d xmsLRis[VaRP*LRiVNRPV NRPVsWLRiry*%sV xmsoRV. @RRV sV %dsLRiVRV.

ssV @Rs yxssVV.

%s}mnsVaSjxmsRsVV
INRPL][ [sRV, sVVsVV, sWssoV xmsLRis[VaRP*LRiVs }qs%sLi, ""%sxmnsVsVVNRPV INRP @jxmss Bs*LiT'' @s N][LSLRiV.
ysV |msRyRV NS A yRVNRPR* xmsR%s RsZNP[ soLiys gRissVRV N][LSRV. gRissVRV F~gS soLiRV,
Rgjis @L>RiRV [so NS @jxmsRLi RsZNP[ By*s NRPVsWLRiry*%sV RLiTs N][LSRV.
bPsoRV yLji][ ""%dsV[ FssLRiV sVWRV [NS[s xmso sRV[ rysLi [zqs sVVLiRVgS y RgRiLjiNTP sryL][ yLjiNTP A
AjxmsRLi BrysV'' @s FyRV.
NRPVsWLRiry*%sV Rs ssV yxsLi %dsVR FsNTP s[gRiLigS sVV[NSW LRigRisNTP sFRWRV. gRissVRV
RxmsRVRW RLiT RgRiLjiNTP s ssVxqsLjiLi ""@RW, y gRiVLjiLi zqs NRPWy C %sRLigS xmsLi %dsVNRPV
xqs\lLisy? %dsV FyR }qssNRPVTs. yRVLiRV RRV RWzms Rgjis DFyRVLi xmsLiT'' @s N][LRiVNRPVyRV.
bPsoRV ""yLSRV sVLiRLi zmsxqsW sVWRV ryLRiV sW RVW xmsROTPQLi [RW. Bj @s dLS[ Ljigjis rys
xmnsys BxqsVLij'' @s FyRV. %syRVNRPVRV @[ %sRLigS [aSRV. A sVLiR xmssLi s gRiLigSsj[
ryssW[LiRVNRPV ss NRPVsWLRiry*%sVNTP RsNRPLi[ sVVLiRVgSs[ gRissVRV A sj[ ryssWT RsNRPV FsRVLRiVgS
sxqsVsV @szmsLiLij. @RsNTP sVWRV N][ G\ ORPQ sRV[ NRPWy RsNRPLi[ sVVLiRVgSs[ gRissVRV rysLi
[xqsVsV NRPszmsLiyRV.
Bj RWzqs AaRPLRiFLiVV, \ZNPrysNTP s RLiT RgRiLRi sos @ssV RWzqs, ssVxqsLjiLi, Rs s VNRPVs
""RLiU, @sgSLji sVzsV RVNRP A %sRLigS @ysV. ORPQ%sVLi A AjxmsRLi @sgSLjiZNP[ Bs*LiT'' @s
FyLjiLiyRV.
RxmsR aRPVR RRVLji L][s xmsLRis[VaRP*LRiVRV gRissVTNTP %sxmnsWjxmsRLi ByRV. A L][ @s [aRPsVVy
%s}mnsVaRP*LRiVTNTP RsV ryLiVVs NRPVRVsVVV, %sVgjis zmsLiT sLiV, N]LjiNSRVV, FyV, [s, @LRi xms,
FysNRPsVV, sRxmsxmsV sVVR\s%s xqssVLjiLi xmspLiyLRiV. %s}mnsVaRP*LRiVRV xqsLi][xtsQxmsT NRPVRVsVVV N]s s, N]s
Rs yxsLi @sLiRVTNTP B, N]s [[ xmsVNRPVs, sysLigS xqsWLSxqssVRVLi @soRVLiRgS \ZNPrysNTP
sRV.
R RLiRVNRPV ssVryLRiLi [RV[gS F~ W%sVNTP RgjiLij NSds, [RVV sWRLi W%sV%dsVR As[RV. @
NRPxtsQLi %dsVR [RVV Asy ssVryLRiLi sWRLi [RV[NRPFRWRV. C %sRLigS gRixms NRPuyV xmsRVRVLiRgS bPsoT
R %dsVR sos RLiRVRV xmsgRiT, FsgRiygS sy*RV. "LSRXztsQ rNTP[, LS NRPWy sVgRisoyLiVV' @s
rysVR @sVxqsLjiLi %syRVNRPVT F~ xmsgji [xms sos NRPVRVsVVV sVVR\s%s RVVxmsNRP ]LSLiVV. sLis[
%syRVNRPVRV sVLRiLiyRV.
FyLRi* GRVxqsW RLiRVs RWzqs ""FyFyRVy! ds RXztsQ Rgji y NRPVsWLRiVRV sVLRiLiyRV. NS ssV RWzqss
y FyFyRVQ\ dsxmssLiRV F~LiRVyLRiV'' @s aRPzmsLiLij.
VVztsQxmsRVNRPV dsxmssLiRV
@[ xqssVRVLi[ xqsxms sVxL<RiVV RVLi [xqsW RsV LRi][ @gji xmsROTPQLi [xqsVyLRiV. @gji[soRV
VVztsQ xmsRVsV RWzqs sWzLi, sVxL<RiVV RssV aRPzmsrylLi[sW @s[ RVLi][ L][ L][NRPW {sLigS
sWLjiFsyLRiLiLiyRV. @j @gji LRi ry*[%s gRizLi @LRiVLiRd LRiWxmsLi Rxms, %sVgjis VVztsQ xmsRV
LRiWxmsLi RLjiLi LRiNRPV xqsLi][xtsQLi NRPgjiLiLij. VVxtsvV RsV LRi LRiWxmsLi[ sos ry* [%ss RWzqs RsV
LRi[ @sVNRPVs sVxmsT yLji\|ms N][xmsLi RVNRPVyLRiV.
FyLRi* Bs aSxmsLi xmnsRLigSs[ VVztsQ xmsRVNRPV C dsxmssLiR NRPgjiLij. [sRVV, sVVsVV, VVztsQ xmsRVV
C dsxmssLiRsV gRiWLji xmsLRis[VztsQNTP FyLRiV. @RRV xqsLRi*RV NSsLi][ @gji [soT lLi[ VVztsQ xmsRV
LRiWxmsLi yLiRs VxqsVNRPVs xqsxms VVxtsvsV xqssWysxmsLji yLji][ NRPWy ysV Z\ NPrysNTP s
DsWsV}aRP*LRiVsV }qs%sLi RsFLiVVs %s}mnsVaRP*LRiVs NTPLiyRV. yLi][ FyLRi*d xmsLRis[VaRP*LRiVV FsLi][

xqsLi][ztsQLiyLRiV.
@xmsVRV [sRV, %sVgjisy ""FyLRi*d, sVso* Bs aSxmsLi s @s [NS[ sos yLjiNTP NUPRV
LRiVgRiV][Lij. NS yss DxmsxqsLixLjiLiRV'' @s FyLjiLiyLRiV.
yLji FyLRisNRPV xqsLi][ztsQLis FyLRi* xqsLi][xtsQLi][ NRPVsWLRiVs RgRiLRiNRPV dxqsVNRPVs sVVyT ""G L][s %syRVNRPVs
RWzqs RLiRVRV sy*][, A INRP L][ sWRsVV RLiRVs RWRNRPWRRV'' @s zmsLij.
@xmsVRV x, sVVR\s [sRV xqsLi][ztsQxqsW RsV syryNRPV sFRWLRiV. RxmsR aRPVR RRVLji[ sWRLi
RLiRVs RWRNRPVLiy gRiR dxqsVNRPVs xqsVLigS soyLRiV.
C %sRLigS N]LiRNSLi gRiTLij
aRPsVLiRN][FyssVV
y*xmsLRiRVVgRiLi[ y*LRiNSyzqs @LiVVs $NRPXxtsvs yLRiRVRV RLji+Li, FyLjiLi sWRVRWLiRgS ""ry*%dsV, ryRVLi
NSLi @LiVVLij. C L][ %syRVNRP RRVLji NS FyLRi*d[%s aSxmsLi s RLiRVTs RWRNRPWRRV. s[sV y BLiNTP
ssV, @sVsVLiRLiT'' @s gRiRLi[ LjigjisRLiy zms xqs*LSsNTP sFRWRV.
@xmsVRV $ NRPXxtsvRV A L][ LS RLiRVTs RWRNRPWRRs xmsLi[ yLixmso s[LiVVLiyRV. $ NRPXxtsvRV OUPQLRi
zmsRVVRV NSsLi][ A L][ LS ANSaRPLi s[xmso RWRNRPVLiy xmsaRPVsoaSNRPV s FyV zmsRVNRPVRW Fy[
RLiRVTs xmsLiLi RWzqs ""A! yNRPV FsLi AxmsR LSsVLi]['' @s @sVsWsLiRLi FyLRiLiLiyRV.
N]yNRPV xqsyRV xqsWLRisLRiLi][ aRPsVLiRNRPsVs xqsLiFyjLi $ NRPXxtsvs RWRsNTP y*LRiNRPNRPV syRV. $
NRPXxtsvRV @RsNTP sVLSR [zqs A sVs RsNRPV Bs*sVs @TgSRV. @xmsVRV xqsyRV ""Bj L][NRPV Fss%sVj
LRiVso LigSLRiLi BxqsVLij. kss G Axmsos\ZNPy G %sRNRPVsyRV Bs*RV'' @yRV. $ NRPXxtsvRV
ELRiVNRPVyRV.
INRPL][ xqsyRVs RsVVRV xms}qssVRV aRPsVLiRNRPsVs NRPLihSsNTP RLjiLi s[[LiRVNRPV @R%sNTP sgS @NRPR INRP
zqsLixLi A sVs sWLixqsLi @sVNRPVs xms}qssVTs RLizmsLij. A zqsLixLi A sVs dxqsVNRPVFsoRVLiRgS, INRP WNRPLi
A zqsLis RLizms, A sVs dxqsVNRPVs ysV soLi[ N]LiR sNTP s, Rs NRPVsWlLi LisNTP AsxqsVsogS
BLij.
sVLRiVyRV xqsyRV RsVVT sVX yLRi %ss ""s[sV A sVs Bs*[Rs $ NRPXxtsvRV y RsVVTs RLizms LRiRLi
@xmsxLjiLiyRV'' Rs xmsLi[ yLixmso s[LiVVLiyRV.
$ NRPXxtsvRV @j %ss A L][ Fy[ RLiRVTs RWzqssLiRVs[ C sLiR sLij @s %sLi, yss
]gjiLiRVN]s[LiRVNRPV LiRV %sVRV][ NRPzqs @LRiLi[ sRNRPgS INRP ][ xms}qssVT NRP[LRiLi, zqsLixxmso NS
RV, WNRPLi NSR NRPszmsLiyLiVV. ys @sVxqsLjiLi FRW INRP xmsLRi*R gRiVxy*LRiLi[ xmsLjiyLSs sj
yNRP[ [xmsNTP s, @NRPR DRWNTP NRPT sos sVs dxqsVNRPVs Ljigji sRVRVLiRgS, @j RWzqs
%sLiRsVsztsQ syRV @LiW Lis ZNP[NRPV s[zqsLij.
@LiR[ LisLiRVRV L][xtsQLigS @NRPTNTP s, @LRiVxqsW, g][][ gRiVRVRW $NRPXxtsvT\|ms RVVRLi FyLRiLiyRV.
$ NRPXxtsvRV @Rss NTPLiR xmsR][zqs dNRPLRi RVVRLi FyLRiLiLiyRV. A %sRLigS sVVRLi 28 L][V FyLRiV.
sLRiNRPV LisLiRVRV aRPNTP{sV\ Rs][ FNRPV jgjisyRV LSsxqsLiLji @LiVVs $LSsV RLiRV[ @s @LRiLi
[xqsVNRPVs, ssVxqsLjiLi ""[yj[y! ALRi s LRiORPQNS! ssV [yRVVgRiLi[ LSsj RVxtsQ LSORPQxqsVsV RLi}msLiRVNRPV
ss $LSsV RLiRVRs @LRiLi [xqsVNRPVysV. @xmsVRV ssV %dsVLRiV INRP sLRiLi N][LRiVN][sVyLRiV. s[sV
%sRNRPVsgS %dsV][ R*LiR* RVVRLi [RWs N][LRiVNRPVysV. R*LRi[ @j LRiVgRiVRVLiRs %dsVLRiV FyLRiV. @j
sVVRV %dsV ysVxqsLRi [xqsW @s[NRP RVVgSV gRiRVxmsoRW sysV. %dsVLRiV BxmsVRV y syrysNTP s y N][LjiNRP
sLRis[LSLRiV. y aRPLkiLRiLi @Liy bPjLi @LiVVLij. FyV R*LRi[ FsVyLiVV. %s[R sbPLiLij. y
@xmsyLRisVVV ORPQ%sVLi ssV NSFyRV. dsNRPLi[ yNRPV s[lLi[ jNRPV [RV'' @LiW FyLjiLiyRV.

@xmsVRV $ NRPXxtsvRV RRV][ LisLiRVT Rs [][ s%sVLji ""LisLiy! aRPsVLiRNRP sVs ]LigjiLiyss
y\|ms ss @xmssLiR ]gjiLiRVN][s Li N][xqss[V sysV NS sVs yNRPV Bso*. s[s V sFysV'' @s
FyRV.
@xmsVRV LisLiRVRV $ NRPXxtsvsNTP sV][ FyV, Rs NRPVsWlLisV NRPWy ByRV. Rs AxqsLi s ALi][s
LiRVRVs LiRVso][, \|qssLi][, sV][, Lis][ NRPzqs Rs sgRiLSsNTP sRV. xqsyRVsV zmszmsLi,
@LiRLjis zms LjigjisRLiy %ssLjiLi, sVs ByRV. @xmsVRV xqsyRV ""@W, [sFs sLiR sWzms
][uysNTP FyysV'' @s %syLjiLiyRV. sV][ FyVgS Rs NRPVsWlLi xqsRsVsV NRPWy B, Rs RxmsV
ORPQ%sVLiRsVs s[RVNRPVyRV.
$ NRPXxtsvRV INRP aRPV sVVxLRiLi[ Lisd, xqsR sVsV %syxsWyRV. @xmsVRV [sRV, sVVsVV $
NRPXxtsvTs xqsVLi ""%dsVLRiV xqssVLRiVV NS dsxmssLiR Fg]VNRPVyLRiV. sW yLRiV G%sV [RVgRiLRiV?'' @s
FyLjiLiyLRiV.
@xmsVRV $ NRPXxtsvRV ""RxmsR aRPVR RRVLji[ xmssWRsaSRW RLiRVs RLRi+s\sV[, AL][ gRixmss xmspLi
aRPsVLiRNRPsV NRPRsV %ss xmspORPQRV R\|ms s[xqsVNRPVsQLiVV[ dsxmssLiRV F~LiRNRPVLiy soLiLRiV'' @s
FyRV. yLi][ [sRV, sVVsVV xqsLi][ztsQLi RsV BNRPV sFRWLRiV.
xms xqsLisR=LRiLi RxmsR aRPVR RRVLji[ [sRV, sVxL<RiVV, sWssoV sVVRgRiVyLRiV gRixmss xmspLi, RsV
N][LjiNRPV sLRis[LRiVNRPVs AsLiRLigS soyLRis c aSxmssWORPQ %sysLi afsNSj sVVsVNRPV %ssLjiLis RLS*R, xqsWR
sVsVVs Rs AaRPsWsNTP sFRWRV.
xqslLi[* y xqsV=[sLiRV