PIPING HANDBOOKOther McGraw-Hill Handbooks of Interest Avalone é Baumeister - MARKS STANDARD HANDBOOK FOR MECHANICAL Bleie: « BAN HANDROOK Brad) et al. » MATERIALS FANDBOOK, Brally » DESIGNFOR MANU?ACTURABLITY HANDBOOK Brink © HANDBOOK OF FLU.D SEALING Czernik + GASKET HANDBOOK Eckhardt + KINEMATIC DESGN OF MACHINES AND MECHANISMS Elliot et al. » SIANDARD HANDBOOK OF POWERPLANT ENGINEERING Franiel » FACULTY PIPING SYSTEMS HANDBOOK Hains & Wilsoa + HVAC SYSTEMS DESIGN HANDBOOK Harns & Crede + SHOCK AND VIBRATION HANDBOOK Hick: + HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS Higgms et al. * WAINTENANCE ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Hodson © MAYNARD’ INDUSTRIAL ENOINEERING HANDBOOK. Jurar, & Gryna- SURAN'S QUALITY CONTROL HANDBOOK Karassik et al. - PUMP HANDBOOK Lewit * FACILITY MANAGER'S OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE HANDBOOK Lingeiah © MACHINE DESIGN DATA HANDBOOK Parmley ~ STANDARD HANDBOOK OF FASTENING AND JOINING Rohs:now * HAXDBOOK OF HEAT TRANSFER Rosaier ~ STANEARD HANDSOOK OF PLANT ENGINEERING Rothvart » MECHANICAL DESIGN HANDBOOK Shighy & Mischke + STANDARD HANDBOOK OF MACHINE DESIGN Skowsen + THE VALVE HANDBOOK Solonon * SENSORS HANDEOOK =~ Stoecker - INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION HANDBOOK Such? + HANDBOOK OF DIEDESIGN Walsa » McGRAV-HILL MACHINING AND METALWORKING HANDBOOK Walsa » ELECTROMECHANICAL DESIGN HANDBOOK ‘Wang « HANDBCOK OF AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION Wooison et al. HUMAN FACTORS DESIGN HANDBOOK, Wrermall d& Lee» HANDBOOK OF COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES MANAGEMENT Ziue -ANDBOOK OF DOUBLE CONTAINMENT PIPING SYSTEMS For nore information about McGraw-Hill materials, call 1800-2-MCGRAW in the United State. In other counties, call your nearest McGraw-Hill effce.PIPING HANDBOOK Mohinder L. Nayyar, PE. ASME Fellow ‘The sith edition of tis Handbook was editedby Mohinder L. Nayyar, P.E, Tho fifth edition of this Handbook was edited by Reno C. King, B.M.E, M.ME., D.Sc., P.E. Professor of Mechanical Enginering and Assistant Dean, ‘School of Engineering and Science, Nov York Univesity ‘Reglzered Professional Engineer ‘The fist four editions ol this Hendbook were edited by Sabin Crocker, M.E. Fellow, ASME: Regutered Professonal Engineer * Seventh Edition MCGRAW-HILL NewYork San Francisco Washington, DC. Auckland Boyoté ‘araeae Lisbon Londo Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Debi San Juae Singapore ‘Sydney Tokyo TorontoLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nayar, Mohinder L. Piping handbook / [edited by] Mohinder L. Nayyar.—7th ed. pom ISBN 0-07-047106-1 1, Pipe—Handbooks, maiuals, ete. 2. Pipe-ftting—Handbcoks, manuals, ete. I. Nayyar, Mohinder 1. McGraw-Hill -£ Division of he MoGraw ll Companies, Copyrght © 2000, 1992, 1967 2y The McGraw-Hill Companies, Ire. All rights reserved. Prnted in the United States of America. Except « permited under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no partof this publicition may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior ‘writter permission of the publisher. Copyrght © 1930,1931, 1939, 1945 by McGraw-Hill, nc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publicition may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or ‘wansmritted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photoopying, recerding, or otterwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright renewed 1973, 67, aud 59 by Sabin Crockes. All rights reserved. 4567890 DocmOC 9876543 ISBN 0-07-04710b-1 The sponsoring edior for this Sook was Loda Ludewig, the editing superdisor was Peggy Lamb, axd the prodxction supervisor was Sherri Souffrince. This book was ser'n Times Raman by the PRD Grou. Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & ions Company. Infomation contained in this work has been obtained by The ‘MoGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) from sources believed to be reliable. Hovever, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarmtees the acuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither McGraw-Hill nor {ts authors shall be responsi for any srrors, omissions, or damages arising 2ut of use cf this information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its Authors are supplying information but ave not attempting to render engineeriag or other professional services. Is such ser- vicesare required the assistarce of an appropriate professional shoud be sought This book is printed on acid-frre paperCONTENTS Honors List» Prefice xvi How to Use This Handbook xix Part A: Piping Fundamentals . Chapter A1, Introduction to Piping Mohinder. Nayar Aa Ghapter Az. Piping Components Evin L Geiger As3 Chapter A3. Piping Materials James M. Tanzosh A128 Chapter A4, Piping Codes and Standards Mohinder L. Nayyar A793 Chapter A5, Manufacturing of Metallic Piping Danie! R. Avery and Alfred Lohmeier 3 Chapter A6. Fatrication and Installetion of Pising Edward F. Gerwin 4.261 Chapter A7. Bolted Joints Gordon Britton aaa Chapter A8. Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pize and Richard E. Deremiah A397 Chapter A9. Greoved and Prossfit Piping Sysiome Louis & Hayden, sr. Aavi CONTENTS Chapter A10. Selection and Application of Valves Mohinder L. Nayar, Dr. Hans D, Baumann Aas9 PartB: Generic Design Considerations Chapter B1. Hierarchy of Design Documents Sabin Crocker, BA Chapter B2. Design Bases Joseph H. Casigli B19 Chapter B3. Pising Layout Lawrence D. Lynch, Charlss A, Bullinger, Alton 8. Cleveland, Chapter B4. Stross Analysis of Piping Dr. Chakrapani Rasavaraju, Dr. William Saifung Sun Chapter BS. Pising Supports Lorenzo Di Giacomo, Jr, Jon K Stinson B25 Chapter B6. Heat Tracing of Piping Chet Sandberg, Joseth T. Lonsdile, J. Erickson B2a Chapter B7. Thermal Insalation of Piping Kenneth R. Collier, Kathleen Posterero B27 Chapter B8. Flow of Fluids Dr. Tadeusz J. Swierzawski BH Chapter B9. Cement-Mortar and Concrete Linings for Piping Richard €. Dereriah Bato Chapter B10. Fusion Borded Epowy Internal Linings and External Coatings for Pipolino Corrosion Protection Alan Kohr Batt Chapter B11. Rubber Lined Piping Systems Richard K Lewis, David Jentesch BCTCONTENTS vi Chapter B12. Pastic Lined Piping for Corrosion Resistance Michadl B. Ferg. John M. Kalnins Bs31 Chapter B13. Double Containment Piping Systems Christopher G. Zit B56 Chapter B14. Pressure and Leak Testing of Fiping Sysiems Rober: B. Adams, Thomas J. Bowling Bes! Part: Piping Systems Chapter C1, Water Systems Piping Michael 3. Gagliard, Louis J, Liberator cl Chapter C2. Fire Protection Piping Systems Russell P. Fleming, - Daniel L. Amold cst Chapter C3. Steam Systems Piping Daniel 4, Van Duyre ce Chapter C4, Building Services Piping Mohammed W. Vehra, Paul 4, Bourquin C135 Chapter C5. Oil Systems Piping Charles L. Amnold, LucyA.Gebhan_C.181 Chapter C6, Ges Systems Piping Peter H. 0. Fischer cas Chapter C7. Process Systems Piping Rod T. Mueller 6.305 Chaprer C8. Cryogenic Systems Pising Dr. W. P. Theopiilos, ‘Norman H. White, Theodore F. Fisher, Robert Zanierucha, M. J. Lockett, J. & Howell, A. R. Belair, R. C, Cipola, Raymond Dale Woodward e391 Chaprer C9. Refrigeration Systems Piping Wiliam V. Fichards castvit CONTENTS Chapter C10, Hazarcous Piping Systems Ronald Wi Haupt 533 Chapter C11. Slurry and Sludge Systems Piping Ramesh L.Gandhi _C.567 Ghapter C12, Wastewater and Stormwater Systems Piping Dr. Achok L. Lagvankar. John P. Velon c.s19 Chapter C13, Plumbing Piping Systems Michael Fankel c.667 Chapter C14. Ash Handling Piping Systems Vincent C. lonita rel H, Aschanbrand o.r27 Chapter C15. Compressed Air Piping Systems Michael Franiel 0.755 Crapter C18. Compressed Gases and Vacuum Piping Systens Michael Frarket 2.801 Chapter C17. Fuel Ges Distribution Piping Systems MichaelFrankel 0.839 Part D; Nonmetallic Piping Chapter D1. Thermoplastics Pising Dr. Timothy J. MeGrath, Stnley A. Mruk Da Chapter D2. Fiberglass Piping Systems Carl E, Martin D79 Part E:. Appendices Appendix E1. Conversion Tables _E:vin L. Gelger Et ‘Appendix Ez. Pipe Properties (US Customary Units) Dr. Chakrapani Basavarsju E13(CONTENTS c Appendix E2M. Pipe Properties (Metric) Dr Chakrapasi Basavardiu 2 8 Appendix E3. Tube Properties (UE Customary Units) Ervin L. Geiger E51 Appendix E3M. Tube Properties (Metric) Tioy J. Skillen E 8 Appendix E4. Friction Loss for Water in Fee: per 100 Feet of Pipe Appendix E4M. Friction Loss for Water in Meters per 100 Meters of Pipe Troy J. Stillen 9 Appendix E5. Acceptable Pipe, Tu2e and Fitting Materials per the ASME Boller and Pressure Vessel Code and the ASME Pressure Piping Code ill M. Hershey 7 Bet Appendix E6. International Piping Material Specifications R. Peter Deubler ix) Appendix E7. Miscellaneous Fluids and Thak Propertiss Aichi! Prakash E. Appendix E8, Miscellaneous Materials and Their Properties Akhil Prakash E10 Appendix E9. Piping Related Computer Procrams and Their Capabilities Anthony W. Pauline E10 \ppendix E10. International Standards and Specifications for Pipe, Tube, Fittings, Flanges, Bolts, Nuts, Gastets and Valves Sozm/D. Suri E.113 Index. uHONORS LIST CONTRIBUTORS Robert B. Adams, President & CEO, Expansion Seal Technologies, 334 Gadshall Drive, Harleywille, PA 18438-2008 (cra. B14) Charles L. Arnold, Principal Pipeline Censultens, 715 Hillside Avenue, Albany, CA 94705 (cHAR.C5) Joel E Aschenbrend, James S. Merritt Company, Litell Building, Suite 202, F. 0. Box 70%, Montgomery, 2A 18936-0707 (cua. cis) Daniel R. Avery, Technical Markeiing Manager, Wynan-Gordon Forgings, Inc, Cameror Forgeé Product Division, P. O. Box 40456 Houston, TX 77240-0456 (CHAP. a3) Dr, Ctakrapani Basavaraju, “Engiveering Specialist, Bechtel Corporation, 5175 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (CHAP. Rk AND APPS, £2 ANT E2M) Dr.HansD. Baumann, Fisher Controls International, inc, Portsmeuth, NH 03801 (CHAP. Ato PRAXAIR, Inc, 175 East Park Drive, °.0. Box 44 Tonewands, NY 14150. 2053 (CHAP) Paul A. Bourquin, Formerly Senior Vice President, Wolff de Menier, Inc, 30 Broudway, Hawthorne, NY 10532 (cHae.c Thomas J. Bowling, P.E., Manager, Pipe Repair Product Line, Team Envircnmenial Ser vices, inc, Alvin, TX 77512 (CHAP. 338) Gorden Britton, President, Integra Technologies Limted, 1255 Covfederation Street, Sarnia Ontaris, N7T7I4, Canada (CHAP. a7) Charles A. Bullinger, Formerly Engineering Specials, Bechtel Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (cian. 3) Josep H. Casiglia. PLE. Consulting Engineer, Piping, Detroit Flison, 2000 Second Ave Detroi, MI 48226 cHav. 32) RC. Cipolla, Crrogenic Equipment Engneer, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O Box 4, Tonawanda, NY 14150-2053 (cHar. c=) Alton 3. Clevelané, Jr., President, Jacobus Technology, Inc, 7901 Beech CrafiAve., Gaith ‘ersburg, MD 20875 (CHAP. 22) Kenneth R. Collier, Systems Engineer, Pittsburgh Coming, 800 Presque Isle Drive, Pitts. burgh, PA 15239 (char. #1) ‘Sabin Crocker, Jr, PLE. 307 Claggett Dr've, Rockvile, MD 2085! (cttar. 1) Richard E. Dererriah, P.E., Project Marager, Price Srothers Company, 367 West Second Avenue, Dayton, CH 45402 (CHAPS. a8 ANEBS) R. Peter Doubler, P.E., Technical Directer, Fronek Company, Ine, 15 Engle Street, Engle wood, NJ 07631 (a. B6) Lorenzo DiGiacomo, Jr., Senior Engineer, Bechtel Pover Corporaion, 5275 Westview Drive Frederek, MD 21713 (cur. 93) ©. J. Erickson, Ingincering Consultant, Retired from E. I. DuPont De Nemours & Co. P.O. Box 6090, Nevark, DE 19714-6090 (caaP. 8)xii HONORS List Mictael B. Ferc, Morketing Engineer, Crane Kesisioflex Compiny, One Quality Way, Mar- ion, NC 28752 (CHAP. B12) Peter H. 0. Fischer, Mancger, Pipeline Operations, Bechtel Carporation, PO. Box 19365, 00 Eeale Street, San Francisto, CA 94L1Y (CHAP. C8) Theodore F. Fisher, Process Engineer, PRAXAIR, Inc, 173 Exst Park Drive, P.O. Box#4, Tonawanda, NY 14150-2053 (CHAR. C3) Russell P. Fleming, P.E., Vice Preside Engineering, Nationd Fire Sprintler Associaton, Inc, Robin Hill Corporate Fark, Route 32, P.O. Box 1000, Paterson, NY 1?563 (CHAP. 2) Philip D. Flonner,P.E, Staff Engincer Welding, Consumer Ene-gy, Paltsades Nuctear Plant, 27780 Blue Star Highnay, Covert, MI 49043-9530 (cae. co) Michael Frankel, CIPE, 56 Emerson Road, Somerset, NJ 08873(CHARS.C13.015,C16 AND £17) Michael G. Gagliardi, Marager, Raytheon Engineers & Constuctors, 160 Chubb Averue, Lyndhurst, NJ G7071 (cAnes.c1 AND APr.Es) Dr. William E, Gale, P.E., Bundy, Gae & Shields, 44 School Terrace, Novato, CA 9945 (ci. C10 Rarresh L. Gandhi, Chief Surry Engineer, Bechtel Corporation, P.O. Box 193965, 50 Buale Stred, San Francisco, CA 94119 (ean c3) Lucy A. Gebhar, Pipeline Engineer, Bechtel Corporation, P.O. Rax 193065,50 Beale Somer, San Francisco, CA 94119 (ceaP. C9 Ervia L. Gelger,P.E., Engineering Supervisor, Bechtel Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (cstat. 42. AP#S. 4 =D =) Edward F.Gerwin, Life Flow ASME, 1515 Grampian Boulevard, William:port, PA 17701 (awe.a9) Ronald W. Haupt, P.E, | Seior Consulant, Pressure Piping Engineering Asoc., 291 Pujin Cou, Foster Civ, CA 944081318 (CHAP C10) Louis E. Hayden, Jr., Dividonal Operaions Manager, Victaulic Company of America, #401 Kessersville Roai, Easton, FA 18040 (CHAP. As) JNM, Hershey, Mechanica! Engineer, Bechiel Power Corporuion, $275 Westoiew Drwe, Frederick, MD 2°703 (ave. 25 J. K Howell, Cold Box Engineer, PRANAIR, Inc, 175 East Park Drive P.O. Box #4, Tonawanda, NY [4150-2053 CHAP. C3) Vinesnt ©. tonite, Senior Eigincering Specialist, Materials Handing Systems Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Weswiew Drive, Fredeick, MD 21703 «iar. cis) David Jontzsch, General Nanager, Blar Rubber Company, 125) Mine Averue, Akron, OH 4432; (cua. John M. Kalnins, Crane Ruistofles Company, 4675 B. Wilder Road, Bay Diy, Mt 48706 (Gia m1) J. Abn Kehr, Technical Marketing Manager, 3M Company, 3M Austin Center, Buildng AI47-4N-02, 680) River Place Boulevard, Austis, TX 78726-9000 (CHAt. B10) Dr. Ashok L. Lagvankar, Vice Presider, Earth Tech, 3121 Bucterfield Road, Oak Brovk, IL 6(523 (CHAP. C2) Richard K. Lewis, Executive Vice President, Blair Rubber Company, 1252 Mina Avense, Akroy OH #432! (cunt. on) LoulsJ.tiberatere, Staff Engineer, Rayheon Engineers & Constructors, 160 Chubb Avente, Lyndiurst, NI O7I71 (cane. cl AND APP. B1)HOWORS LIST xii Alfred Lohmeier, Materials Engineer; Fermerly Vice President, tanitémo Corporation of America, 543 Park Ave, New York, NY 10134 (CHAP. 43) Michael J. Lockett, PRAXAIR, Inc, 17 East Park Drive, P.O, Box 44, Tonawanda, N? 141502053 (cHar.75) Joseph T. Lonsdde, Director of Engineering, Dryder Engineering Cofnpany, Fremont, CA SH063 rcniat. 30) Lawrence'D. Lynsh, Enginccring Supertisor, Deched Power Coporation, 5275 Westuiew Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (CHAP. 33) Carl E.Martin, Director Martering, Fibercast Compary, P.O. Box 968, Sand Springs, Okla oma 14063-0968 (tar. D2) Timothy J. McGrath, Principal, Simpsor, Gumperts & Heger, Ins, 207 Broaiway, Arling. ton, M4. 02174-5310 (CHAP. D1) Dheeraj Modawe, Piping Engineer, Bechel India Lmited, 249A Udyog Vihar, Phase IV, Gurgaon-122015, Haryana, India (osoexy Stanley A. Mruk, 115 Grant Avenue, Nev Providence, NJ 07974 (cxtat. D1) Rod T. Mueller, Engiizering Standards Coordinator, Exxon Resuarch & Engineering Co, 180 Park Avenue, Florham Park, NJ 07932 (CHAP. cr) Mohinder L.Nayysr,P.E, ASME Fellow, Bechiel Foner Corporaton, 9273 Westview Drive Frederck, MD 21703 (CEAPS. Ai, At, AND AD) . Alan 0, Nance, 4. D. Nance Associates, Inc, #545 Glenda Lane, Evans, GA 30809-3215 (char. 20) Kathleon Posterae, Systems Engincer, Pitaburgh Crrning, 800 Presque Isle Drive, Plus: burgh, PA 15239 (cHar.37) Anthony Paulin, President, Anthony Research Group, 25211 Gregan’s Mill Rovd, Suite 315 Spring, TX 77380-2924 (arr.£9, Akhil Frakeach, P.E, Supervisor Engincor,12741 King drect, Overland Park, KS 66212 (ares FT ANDES) Willian V. Richards, PLE, 4 Court of Fex River Valey, Lincolnshire, IL. 60669 (cHav. co Chet Sandberg, Chief Engincer, Raychem Corporatior, 300 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park CA 9HD5-1164 (cHar. 18 Robert E. Serb, PE, Pressure Piping Eagineering Assoc, 291 fuffin Court, Foster City CA.94404-1318 (CHAP. cD Sandesp Singh, Piping Engineer, Becht! india Linited, 249A Udyog Vihwr, Phase IV. Gurgacn-122015, Faryana, India (NDEX) Troy J, Skillen, Mechanical Engincer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Weaview Drive, Frederick, MD 21713 (apes. 234 AND 24M) SoamiD. Suri, PLE, Senior Mechanical Engineer, Bechel Power Crporaiton, 3175 Westuten Dirive, frederick, MD 21708 (are. E10) Jon R.Stinson, Supervisor, Engineering, Lisega, Inc. 375 West Main Street, Newport, TN 57821 Guar. 89) Dr. William Saifung Sun, Engineering Specialist, Bechel Power Carporation, $275 Westview Drive, Srederick, WD 21708 (CHAP. B9 Dr, Tadeusz J. Swierzawski, 50 Chandler Road, Burlington, Ma 01805 (cHtaP. 68) JamesM. Tanzosi, Supervisor, Material: Engineering, Babcock & Wilcox Co, 20 S. Van Buren Ave, Barbeston, OH 44203 (cHar. a3)xiv HONORS LIST N.?. Theophilbs, Standards Manage; PRAXAIR, Inc, 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box 44, Tonawanda, N¥ 14150-2053 (cHAP.c8) Daniel A. VanDuyne, 206 Naullus Drive, Apt No. 107, New London, CT 06320 (cHaP.c3) John P. Velon, Vice President, Hara Engineering Compary, Scars Towers, 233 South Warker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606-6392 (CHAP. Cl) Mchammed N. Vohra, Consulting Engineer, 9314 Nonthgae Road, Laurel, MD 29723 (ome. Norman H. White, Applications Engnaer, PRAXAIR, Inc, 1!5 East Park Drive, P.O. Box 44, Tonavanda NY 14150-2053 (cH.aP.ca) Raymond Dale Woodward, PRAXAIR, Inc, 175 East Park Drive, P.C. Box #4, Tona- vwarda, NY 14150-2053 (car. cs) Robert Zawienscba, Maerials Engineer, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box 44, Tonawanda, NY 14150-2053 (CHAP. >) Chistopher G Ziu, 7 Douglas Street Merrimack, NH 93054 cxav 213) REVIEWERS Hamy A. Ainsworth, S.P.E, Consultint, 4 Maple Averue, Sidbury, MA 1776-344 Karen L. Bake, Senior Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Wesbiew Drive, Frederict, MD 2170 Dr.C. Basavardju, Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Powe Corporatiox, $275 Wesbiew Drive, Frederick, MD 2170 Robert Burdiet, sassett Mechanical, P. O. Box 753, Appletor, WI 54912-1795 Richard E. Chambers, Principal, Simpson, Gumpertz & Hager Inc,,297 Bioadway, Aring- ton, MA 02174 Satin Crocker, Jr., P.E., 307 Claggett Drive, Rockville, MD 21878. Formely Project Engi- nee, Bechtel Pewer Corpoution, 5275 Weswiew Drive, Frederik, MD 2173 Donald R. Frikten, P.E., angincering Fellow, Soluta, Ine. 10300 Olive Bouvard, St. Louis, MO 63141-7893 Engineering Supervtor, Bechtel Power Corperatior, 5275 Westview Drive, 703 Janes Gilmore, Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporatior, 5275 Westiiew Drise, Fredericl, MD 2170: Evans C, Goodling, Jr., RE, Consulting Engineer, Parsons Energy & Chemical Group, 2675 Morgantown Road, Reading, PA 19607-9676 John Gruber, Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westiew Drive, Frederick, MD 217¢ Charles Henley, Engineering Supervior, Black & Veach, 840) Ward Partway, P. O. Box 8405, Kansas Cty, MO 641!4 JIM. Hershey, Mechameal Enginee, Bechtel Power Corposation, 5275 Westview Drive, Frelerick, MD 21703 Michele L. Jocelyn, P.E., Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Weswiew Drive, Frederick, MD 2170: "HONORS LisT x H, Steven Kanofsky, PE, Principal Ciuil Engineer, Washington Suburban Sanitary Com mission, 14501 Sweitzer Lane, Laurel, MD 20707 (cae. cry Jame: Kunze, ice President, P.E., Eauh Tech, 120 North Broadway, Milwaukee, WL 53202, Donald J. Leininger, 7810 College View Cour, Roatoke, VA 2019-4442 Jimmy E. Meyer. Middough Association Inc, 19105 13th Street, Suite 300, Cleveland, OF 41143524 RonaliG. McCutcheon, Senior Design Engineer, Mechanical Systms & Equigment Depart ‘ment, Ontario Hyéro Nuclear, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, OW, Canada, MSGIX6 Mohinder L. Nayar, ASME Fellow, Bechtel Powe Corporation, $275 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703. Ann F Paine, P-E. Senior Engineering Spectalis, Bechtel Power Corporation, 3275 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703” Soam D.Surl,P.£, Senior Mechanical Esgineer, Becstel Power Corporation, 275 Westwiew Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 avr, E10) Henry R. Sonderegger, P.E, Engineerg Manager, Research end Development Center, 1467 Elmwood Avenue, Cranston, RI 0291) George W. Spohr, Il, Executive Vice Prsident, Colenan Spohn Zorporation, 1775 E. 45th Street, Cleveland, OH 44103-2318 Kristi Vilminot, Engineering Supersisor, Black & Veach, 2200 Commonweal Boulevard ‘Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Mahmood Naghash, Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 275 West siew Drive, Frederck, MD 21703 Ralph W. Rapp, sr., Senior Staff Engineer, Shell Oi Product Company, P. 0. Bor 2099 Housten, TX 77252-2099. Gursharan Singh, Engineering Supervitor, Bechtel Power Comoration, 5:75 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 Walter M, Stephan, Engineering Manager, Flexitallc, Inc, 1300 Route 73, Suite 311, Mt Laurel NI 08034 Dr. Jagdish K, Virani, Senior Engineering Speciaist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 527! Weswizw Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 Charles Webb, Application Engineer, Aneron, P. O. Box 878, Burkburnett, TX 76354 Horace E. Wetzell Jr., Vice President, The Smith & Oby Company, 6107 Carragie Avenue Clevelond, OH 44102 TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT Michele A.Clay, Project Administrator, Sechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Weruiew Drive Frederek, MD 21793 Rohit Gool, Piping Engineer, Bechtel India Limited, 209A Udyog Vihar, Phase V, Gurgaon: 122015 Haryana, hia Ail M. Hershey, Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Werview Drive, Fredenek, MD 21733 Darya Nabai fk, MD 21703 Mechanical Engineer, Fechtel Corporation, 52 Westiew Drive, Freder.wi HONORS LIST Troy J.'Skillen, Mechanical Engineer, Eechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Driv Frederick, MD 21703 MC. Stapp, Project Adminizrator, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive, Frod erick, MD 21703 SoamiD.Suri,P.E, Senior Mechanical Exgineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, :275 Westview Drive, Frederick, HD 21703 care. #10 James Kenyon White, Adinistrative Sipervisor, Bechtel Powe Corporaticn, 5275 Wes’ view Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 Dolly Pollen, 656 Quince Orchard Road, Gaithersburg, MD 208'8PREFACE Itis with great sense of gratitude and hamility I teke this blessed moment to offer this Seventh Edition of Piping Handbook. The challenge presented by the success of the Sixth Edition, coupled with our cbjective toenhance its reference value and widen its scope, motivated us to reach cut and draw upon the recognized expertise ‘on pipiag related topics not covered in the Sixth Edition. In addition, we directed ‘our synergetic efforts to upgrade the existing conteats to include the latest advances and developments in the field of piping and related technologies. Fifteen (15) new chapters and nine (0) new appendixes have been added. These additioas accord 4 unique status to thi: resource 200k as it zovers piping related topics not covered in any one book. Indusion of metric and/or SI units along with US customary uni is intended to accommodate the growing reeds of the shrinking world and the reallties of the international market. We have maintained tie familiar and easy to use format of the Sixth Edtion, T consider mys:If fortunate to have the opportunity to associate and work with renowned and recognized specialists andleaders whose contributions are not limited to this Piping Hasdbook, but go far beyond. For ne it has teen a rewarding and enlightening expeiience. I find myself humbled by depth of their knowlecge, practi- cal experience, and professional achievements. ‘These distinguished ccntributors have offered the sum total of their know how in the form of guidance, cautions, prohibitions, reconmendations, practical illustrations, and examples, which should be used prudenty with due consideration tor applicatior requirements. The strength, authentiity, and utility of this reference book lie in the wide spread diversity of their expertise and unity of their professionalism. Based upon th: feedback received over the past seven years from tle users of the Sixth Edition of thishandbook, I fee’ honored to express my and users gratitude to all the contributors for their commitment to their profession and their higher ‘goal of helping otzers. They have made the difference. Their spirit of gving back has not only continued, but has brought in new contributors to expand the scope and enkance the utility of this handboox. I feel confident that all the contributors shall enjoy the professional setisfaction end the gratitude of users of this kandbook. ‘The selfless efforts of all the reviewers listed in the Honors List are of great significance in meking improvements ix presentation of the subject matter. The ‘extent of their experience, knowledge, ard an insight of topics Las been instrumental in extracting the best out of contributors and upgrading ‘he conterts of this hondbook. ‘The contributors and reviewers have earned a dstinguished status. I silute their commitment; admire their efforts; respect their professionalisn; and applaud their hievements. I want to recognize their perseverance, dedicstion, hard work and sincerity of their commitment in spite cf increasing demands on their time. Tam indebted 0 the members of the editorial am who Spent countless hours and made persond sacrifices to make ths team preject a reali. Jill Hershey, Troy Skillen, and SoamiSuri did not spare any effort to not only fulfll their commitment, ut wert beyond to accomplish the objedives. They offered constructive comments,