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Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; tusOf;tm;jzihf a[mMum;csD;jrihf awmfrlaom w&m;awmf\ teuft"dyg,f tus,fudk wynhfawmfodyg\} [k avQmuf\/ Ak'bk&m;// ]&[ef ; om"k ? om"k ? om"k aumif;avpG? aumif;avpG? aumif;avpG? oifonf igbk&m;tusOf;rQ a[mMum;aom w&m;udk tus,tm;jzihaumif;pGmoday\} [k f f csD;usL;awmfrl\/ vnf; ]ESpfoufaomf} [laom tusOf;pum;\ tus,fjzpfaom cEmig;yg;udk rcG J E k d i f rcG m &uf ? ES p f o uf M uonf h t wG u f oHo&mTtiBf u;D xJ0,f uRrsm;vl;ovdk vl;ae H kd J Mu&NyD; vlr[kwfbJ ]vl;} aeMu&NyD; edAmefc&D; ESihf a0;aeMu&onfudk jrifavojzihf? ]odygNyD bk&m; odygNyDbk&m;} [kavQmufxm;vdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/ (ps) 4/ tedpokwf Ak'bk&m;// ]&[ef;? tMuifoabmw&m;onf rNr/ J xdkrNrJaom oabmw&m; oifonf vdkcsifrI udk y,f&rnf/ pwkw&[ef;/ / ]jrwfpGmbk&m; (u) ]kyf} onfrNrJyg/ wynhawmfonf xdrNraom ky ]vdcsir}I udk f k J f k f y,fygrnfbk&m;/ (c) ]a0'em} onfrNrJyg/ wynhawmfonf rNraoma0'em ]vdcsir}I udk f J k f y,fygrnfbk&m;/ (*) ]onm} onf rNrJyg/ wynhfawmfonf rNrJaom onm ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,fygrnfbk&m;/ (C) ]ocFg&} onf rNrJyg/ wynhfawmfonf rNrJaom ocFg& ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,fygrnfbk&m;/ (i) ]0dnmPf}onf rNrJyg/ wynhfawmfonf rNrJaom 0dnmPf ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,fygrnfbk&m;/ (quf&efvufazmfjyygrnf/) rHk&GmaeZm

Ak'*Dwdum
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) y Oygoum 0w K

Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg w&m;empOf wpfa,mufu ikdufjrnf;vsuf wpf a ,muf u vuf j zif h ajruk d j cpf v suf wpf a ,muf u opf c uf u d k v I y f v suf wpf a ,muf u aumif ; uif u d k M unf Y v suf wpfa,mufum; tkdtaojyKvsuf w&m;em uk e f a om Oyoumig;a,muf w d k Y t m; tjcm;r&SdbJ b0ig; mwdkYywfvHk; a`rGb0? wDb0? arsmufb0? euwf MunfYykPm;b0? aA'if o H k ; yH k w wf a om yk P m ; b0wd k Y jzpfz;l aMumif;udk jyawmfrNl y;D w&m;a[m jcif;iSm ]]ew d &m*oarm t* d } } paom *gxmuk d a[mawmfrlonf/ kdaopGmemaom Oygoum onf aomwmyefwnfav\/ ewd ewd ewd ewd &m*oarm t*d? a'go oarm *a[m? arm[orH ZmvH? wPSmorm e'D/

"r0&onf Ak"\ ax&0g'"rw&m;ppf w&m;rSef D xGef;um;&efjzpfonfhqkdonfh cH,lcsufESifhtnD vdIifMunfjzL"r0D&pmaywkdufESifh 'D*spfw,fpmMunfhwkdufrS 2009 ckESpf? rwfvtwGif; jzefYcsdxkwfa0vkdufNyD
1/ "r0D&\ "roHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuodkvfoQifoD&d) (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf)

2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif;

jref r muAsm &m*wlbd rD;r&Sdyg? a'goESifhwl zrf;,ljcif;iSm? arm[wlcsuf uGef,ufwpfjzm? wPSmwl jrpfrlr&Sdyg/
There is no fire like lust, no grip like hate; there is no net like delusion, no river like craving.

3/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("ry') (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) 4/ Ak',Ofaus;rI&wem 5/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY)

pum;ajy/ / &m*ESifhwlaomrD;r&Sd/ a'go ESihf wlaom zrf;wwfaomt&m oabm onfr&Sd/ arm[ESihfwlaom uGef,ufr&Sd/ wPSmESifh wlaomjrpfr&Sd/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

aorSmraMumufolrsm;
vlat; (wrmajr)

]]b,fvG,fyghrvJ ukdav;}} ]]wpfaeYcGJ&rSmawmh vufcHw,fr[kwfvm;}} ]]tif; tJ'gawmhvufcHygw,f}} ]]nDrav;}} ]]tJ'Dtod aeYwkdif;&SdNyD;awmhae&if wu,f ]]&Sif ukdav; bmajymp&m&SdvkdYvJ}} ]]rajymygbl; ar;rvd?Yk nDrav; ao&rSmaMumuf aoab;eJYBuHKvmwkdif;rSmcHEkdif&nf&SdNyD; aMumuf awmhr,frxifbl;vkdY udkav;awmhxifw,f}} vm;vd}Yk } ]]aemufvlwpfrsKd;ubmvJ[if ukdav;}} ]]aMumufwmaygh ukdav;uvnf;}} 2/ ]]ukd,fhukd,fukdrpGJvrf;&ifvnf; ao&rSm ]]bmvkdYaMumufwmvJ}} ]]tar tazwdkY ukdav;wkdYeJYcGJ&rSmaMumufvkdY}} raMumuf bl;wJh}} ]]ykdawmifrvGJbl;aemf ukdav;}} ]]aocsmNyD}} ]]tJ'gaMumifh nDrav;ukd w&m;pcef;awGeJYBuHK ]]bmaocsmwmvJ}} ]]ud k a v;ajymjyr,f ? aocsmem;axmif a emf ? wJhtcg 0ifNyD;w&m;xkdifygvkdY ukdav;ajymwm uk d a v;wk d Y b k & m;&S i f u k d ZmPk a omed y k P m ; aygh? wpfckar;&OD;r,f? ukd,fhcEmukdpGJvrf;wm avQmufwJhpum;u udkav;wkdY nDrav;wkdYvkd bmu pGJvrf;wmvJ}} ]]rodb;l }} vlawGukd MunfhNyD;avQmufwmaerSm}} ]]wPSmuaygh nDrav; ]'d|dpdwfrSm wPSmly ]]bmpum;rkdYvkdYvJ ukdav;}} ]] t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmftxifawmh avmu yp , rmef ok H ; wef y,f & ef B ud K ;pm;av} rSm aorSmraMumufwv&,fvYdk &Sr,frxifb;l wJ h ? t,l 0 g'uk d p G J v rf ; wmu pd w f ? k y f hJ l d bk&m; wJh? bk&m;&Sifu olpum;ukd jiif;awmfrl tay:uk d pG J v rf ; wmu wPS m ? yp n f ; uk d pG J v rf ; wmu rmef r me 'D o k H ; yg;ud k y ,f E k d i f w,f}} atmif BudK;pm;&r,fvkdY qkdvkdw,f? ]]b,fvkdjiif;wmvJ ukdav;}} ]]rif; w,loefrajymeJY ZmPkaomed? ao&rSm 3/ aemuf ao&rSmraMumufwJh vlwpfrsdK;u raMumufwJholvnf;&Sdygao;w,f vkdY bk&m;u raumif;wJhtvkyf raumif;wJhtjyKtrlawG f hJ l jiif;w,f/ b,fvvrsKd ;awGvb&m; vdYk ykPm; vky&rSmaMumufwoy?J nDrav; Mum;zl;rSmyg dk l J k ujyefavQmufawmh bk&m;u vlav;rsKd ;av;pm; pdwfu raumif;wJhae&mrSm ykdNyD;aysmfw,f qkwmav}} d cGNJ y;D rdew,f}} Yf ]]tif; Mum;zl;ygw,f}} ]]b,fvkdvJukdav; xyfNyD;&Sif;ygOD;}} ]]ypn;f OpmawGeYJ om;orD; nDuarmifEr ]]raumif;rIawGcsnf;yJwpfoufvkH; vkyfvmcJh kd S 1/ awG tay:rSm rpGvrf;&if ao&rSmraMumuf awmh aocgeD;usaMumufrSmaygh}} J ]]vlav;rsdK;qkdawmh aemufqkH;vlu..}} bl;wJh}}

4/ ]]aemuf q k H ; ao&rS m raMumuf w J h v l u ud,om; &r,fb0ukd uk,wiowy*K vy}J } k f G h d f dk f d hJ k d f ]]ukd,fwkdifodw,fqdkwm b,fvkdvJukdav;}} ]]ukovursm;wJou aumif;wJo*wda&muf dk f H h l h k rSmaemf? tukodkvftrIawGeJYyJ b0ukdukefap cJhwJholawGusawmh aocgeD;&if igb,fbkHb0 a&mufrSmvJrodbl;qkdwJh oHo,0ifwwfw,f? oHo,0ifaeawmh ao&rSmaMumufwmaygh? uH uH\tusdK;ukd ,kHMunfwJholawGuawmh raumif;wJhtBuHawmif rBuH&Jbl;? olwkdYu olwkdYb0olwkdYodw,f? b,fb0a&mufr,f qkdwmukdav? tJ'gukdyJ ukd,fwkdifodw,fvkdY ac:w,f? &Sif;NyDvm; nDrav;..}} ]]&Sif;ygw,f udkav;}} ]]nDrav; wpfoufvkH;tNrJaqmifxm;&r,fh pum;av;cGef;&Sdw,f}} ]]bmrsm;vJ ukdav;}} ]]wpfu ol r sm;cspf uk d , f e pf z k d Y ? wpf ES p f u ol r sm;rk e f ; uk d , f I H ; zk d Y w J h ? ok H ; uawmh yp n f ; pk vl v k z k d Y ? aemuf q k H ; av;u cE m arG ; ajrauR;zk d Y w J h rdom;pk tay:cspfwJhtcspfjzpfjzpf? aqGrsdK; rawmf oludkcspfwJhtcspfjzpfjzpf? aemufqkH; awmh uk,b0epfre;f wmyJ tzufwifw,fw?hJ d hf G aemufwpfcku jrifjriforQvlawGukd b,folY ukdrS taumif;rxif &efoltjrifeJYyJ trkef;yGm; ae&if ukd,fhb0qkH;IH;zkdYyJjzpfw,faygh? atmufwef;uswhJ b0a&mufrmpk;d vkYd S pD ; yG m ;a&;awG y J z d v k y f yp n f ; awG & orQpk ? touf B uD ; NyD ; tk d v mawmh om;orD ; awG u 'D y p n f ; awG u k d enf ; rsd K ;pk H e J Y v k w myJ ? tJ ' D t&G,usawmhrS uk,ubmrSrvkyEiawmhb;l ? f d f f dk f bk & m;ausmif ; uef o G m ;r,f q k d a wmh v nf ; oGm;avhom;xur&S?d t&G,&we;f u pD;yGm;a&; G f dS k udpawGeJYyJ tcsdefukefcJhawmh omref bmom a&; todawmifr&SdcJhawmh 'kuawGUwm aygh? pmrsuf E S m 8 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;udk jyqkdonf/

Ak'a*gwr\ pMu0Vm(urm)tjrif
wu o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r m p&d , ? B.A) odyHtac: ouwtac: ygVdtac: [dEDtac: jrefrmtac: rmusL&D Ak" Ak' Ak" Ak'[l;N*dK[f AD;eyfpf 0kMw aomMu 0kMu aomMumN*dK[f urmajr yxGd yx0D yxGd rm;pf rH*v^t*Fg&H abmr rH*v t*FgN*dK[f *sLyDwm Ak[owd *kk ukk Mumoyaw;N*dK[f qufwef 0ed aom&D 0ed paeN*dK[f ,la&eyfpf 0ed aom&D 0gkP paeN*dK[f eufyuRef; 0ed aom&D [&dj*[ paeN*dK[f yvlwkd 0ed aom&D ydwj*[ paeN*dK[f yvlwkd 0ed aom&D &m[k paeN*dK[f yvlwkd &m[k &m[k auwk udwf Xmye(ae) tok& ok&Z ok&Z we*FaEG(ae) Moon (v) csjE pEg psmefj' wevFm(v) 12&moD c G i f E S i h f eu w f r sm; &moDOwkMunfvifaomntcgwGif tmumoaumif;uif aiG M u,f u av;rsm; tpk v d k u f ? tNyH K vd k u f ? tk y f p k r sm;zG J U vsuf wvufvufxGef;awmufaeMuonfudk awGUjrifMuNyD; ,if;Mu,fpkrsm;\ wnfae&mrsm;onf wpfnESihf wpfn wpfygwfESihf wpfywf? wpfv ESihfwpfv rwlnDMubJ tNrJwrf; ajymif;a&TUaeMuonf/ odkYawGUjrifae&aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;rSm (12)&moD\ tpdwftydkif; wpfckudk awGUjrif&jcif;jzpfygonf[kqdkygonf/ &moDpuf0dkif;wGif we*FaEGN*dK[f aeoGm;vrf;udk trSDjyK urmhaevrf; (ecliptic) puf0dkif;[k owfrSwfxm;Muonf/ ,if;urm aev\ puf0i;f onf bJOyHoPmef &SNd y;D vQif 0ef;0di;f ae\A[dcsu kd k k k f tHom 'D*&D (360)&Sdaom &moDpuf0dkif;aeoGm;vrf;aMumif;udk azmfjy onf[k qdkygonf/ aeoGm;vrf;aMumif;ay:wGif tmom0wD? b&PD? Muwdum? a&m[Pd t p &S d a om atmuf a zmf j yyg eu w f ( 27)vH k ; wd k Y wnf &S d a eMuygonf / aeoG m ;vrf ; ay:&S d eu w f ( 27) vH k ; ud k N*d K [f B uD ; (9)vHk;ucGJa0ydkifqdkifxm;onf [k euwaA'ynm&Sifrsm;uqdkygonf/ N*dK[f(9)vHk;ESihf euwf(27)ydkifqdkifrI 1/ 1we*FaEGN*dK[f= Muwdum2/ wevFmN*dK[f= a&m[PD3/ 3t*FgN*dK[f= rd*oD 4/ 4 Ak'[l;N*dK[f= toVd 5/ 5Mumoyaw;N*dK[f ykPzkoQ 6/ 6 aomMumN*dK[f b&PD 7/ 7 paeN*dK[f zkoQ 8/ 8 &m[kN*dK[f tj' 9/ udwfN*dK[f tmom0PD Ow&o&*kH -Ow&omVf rmomu o&0Pf pdMw "eod'd aZ| a&0wD 0domcg jyKAbj'Adk'f jyKAb&*kPD jyKAomVf tEk&m" Ow&mbj'Adk'f oGmwd owbdoQ rmC rlv

jrefrmeuwaA' ynm&Sifrsm; t,ltqt& aepMu0VmN*dK[frsm;ESihf taemufwdkif; euwaA't& N*dK[f[lonf aeudkA[dk jyK,if;wdkYqdkif&m 0ef;ywfvrf;aMumif;twGif;rS vSnhfywfaeaom udk,fydkif tvif;rJhaomaumif;uifwefqmrsm;[k qdkMuygonf/ N*d K [f w d k Y w G i f Mu,f u J h o d k Y ud k , f y d k i f tvif ; a&mif r &S d y g/ rsujf riftm;jzihf N*Kd [wrS xGuaeaom tvif;a&mifonf aerS&&Saom f Ykd f d tvif;a&mifjzpfygonf/ N*dK[fwdkYonf t&SdefEIef;trsKd;rsKd;wdkYjzihf aeudk A[dkjyKvsuf vSnywfaeMuonf/ ,if;wd\ 0ef;ywfvrf;aMumif;rsm;onf wpfvrf; fh Yk csif;pDwnfaeMuonf/ N*dK[fywfvrf;aMumif;rsm;\ yHkoPmefrSm bJO yHkoPmefESihfwlonf[kqdkyg onf/ jrefrmeuwaA't& N*dK[fqdkonfrSm ouwpmayrS vmaom *[e? *a[? *a[& yk't& aetdr?f Adrmef[vnf;aumif;? f l udkifjcif;? qGJjcif;? zrf;jcif;paom t"dyg,f&Sdonf [kqdkygonf/ N*dK[fwpfckESihfwpfck vGihfpOfuGma0; roGm;atmif udkifqGJ xm;jcif;[k qdkvdkygonf/ jrefrmaA'ifusr;f rsm;tvdt&rl N*Kd [f [lonf urmajray:&Sd k vlcyfodrf;wdkY\ uHMurm tqdk;taumif;wdkYudk azmfjyTef;qdkEkdifaom aumif;uifwm&m[kqdkygonf/ pMu0Vmaumif;uifwGif t*Fg? Ak'[l;? Mumoyaw;? aomMum? paeN*dK[f(5) vHk;&Sdonf[k yxra&wGufonf/ wpfzef &m[k ESihf udwfN*dK[f(2)ckaygif; N*dK[fBuD;(7)vHk;[k a&wGufMujyefonf/ xdkYaemuf ae(we*FaEG)ESihf v(wevFm)wdkYudk xyfxnhf N*dK[fBuD;(9)vHk; [l owfrSwfcJhMuonf/ wpfzef udwfN*dK[fudk y,f N*dK[fBuD;(8)vHk;[k owfrSwfMuonf/ jrefrmwdkY\ euwaA't& t*Fg? Ak'[l;? Mumoyaw;? aomMum? paeN*dK[f(5)vHk; ESihf ae-v(we*FaEG? wevFm? N*dK[f(2)ckudk aygif; (7) aeYtjzpf owfrSwfcJhMuonfrSm ,aeYtxdyifjzpfygonf/ ,if;aumif;uif&Sd N*dK[frsm;udk odyHt& a&S;acwf ouw? ygVd? [dED? jrefrm a0g[m&t& tac:ta0:wdkYom uGJjym;onf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf pdwfESvHk;ESifhb0udk Nidrf;csrf;aponf/ 10 tHomudk Muwdum Ow&b&*kHeD? Ow&omVf euwfwdkYu Oyg'f ESihf oufqdkif 1 (we*FaEGN*dK[f)ydkifonf/ 10 tHomrS 2 ck? tHom 20 vdwm txd e,fy,fudk a&m[PD? [w? o&0Pf euwfrsm;ESihf oufqdkifaomaMumihf 2 (wevFm N*dK[f)uydkifonf/ 3 tHom 20 vdwmrS 30 tHom txd aemufqHk; 6 tHom 40 vdwmudk rd*od? &SdMu"eod'd euwf (2)yg'fESihf oufqkdif 3 (t*FgN*dK[f)uydkifonf/ xdaMumihf yx0D&moDrsm;twGi;f &Sd euwrsm;udk we*FaEGN*Kd [?f Yk f wevFmN*dK[f? t*Fg N*dK[fwdkYu ydkifqdkifonf[kqdkygonf/ 3/ arxkef&moD? wl&moD? uHk&moD[laom a0ga,m &moDrsm;\ yxr 6 tHom 40 vdwm udk rd*od? pdMw? "eod'd euwf (2)yg'fESihf ouf qdkif 3(t*FgN*dK[f)uydkifonf/ 6 tHom 40 vdwmrS 20 tHom txd e,fy,fudk tj'oGmwd? owbdoQeuwf rsm;ESihf oufqdkif 8 (&m[kN*dK[f)uydkifonf/ 20tHomrS 30 tHomtxd aemufqHk; (10)tHomudk ykP zk o Q? 0d o mcg? jyKA b j'yd k ' f ? eu w f 3 yg'f E S i h f ouf q d k i f 5 (Mumoyaw;N*dK[f)uydkifonf/ 4/ u&u#f&moD? jAdpm&moD? rdef&moD[laom tmayg&moDrsm;\ yxr 3 tHom? 20 vdwm udk ykPzkoQ 0domcg jyKAbj'Adk'f euwf aemufqHk;ydk'fESihf oufqdkif 5 (Mumoyaw; N*dK[f)ESihfqdkifonf/ 3tHom 20 vdwmrS 16 tHom 40 vdwmtxd e,fy,fudk zkoQ? tEk&m"? Ow& bj'ydk'feuwfrsm;ESihf oufqdkif paeN*dK[fu ydionf/ k f 16 tHomvdwmrS 30 tHomtxd e,fy,fudk tovdom aZ|? a&0wD? euwf rsm;ESihf oufqkdif 4 Ak'[l;N*dK[fuydkifonf/ xd k Y a Mumih f tmayg&moD r sm;twG i f ; &S d eu w f r sm;ud k 5(Mumoyaw;N*dK[f) 7 (paeN*dK[f)ESihf 4 Ak'[l;N*dK[fwdkYuydkifonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) ]][kwuhJ ukav; nDrav;vJ ykw;D pdw&OD;r,f}} f d f ]]t&G,fESifhtod xkdufoifhoavmufpD&SdMuwJh om;orD ; awG u k d td r f t ay:xyf r S M unf h & if ; z&PmyDwdjzpfaeaom rdbESpfyg;&JU&ifxJrSm awmh twdZmwom;orD;rsm;tjzpfukd&atmif yYay;& OD;rnf[k rajymaomfvnf;ajym ouJoYdk dk h ... rdbESpfyg;onfom om;orD;wkdY\ vufOD;q&mr[kwfygavm/ vl a t; (wrmajr)

tHom'D*&D(360)&Sdaom &moD puf0ef;aeoGm;vrf;aMumif;udk euwf(27)vHk; wdkYjzihf a0yHkuscGJaomf euwf(1)vHk;\ tus,ft0ef; e,fedrdwfydkifqdkifrIrSm (3)tHom (20) vdwm&Sdavonf/ euwf(1)vHk;wGif (4)yg'fpD&SdaomaMumifh euwf(1)yg'f\ tus,ft0ef; e,fedrdwfydkifqdkifrIrSm (3) tHom (20)vdwm&Sdonf/ odkYjzihf (12)&moDpuf0ef;&Sd &moD (12)yg;? &moDtoD;oD;&Sd euwfrsm;ESihf yg'frsm; xdkeuwfrsm;udk ydkifqdkifMuaom euwfocif N*dK[fBuD;rsm;ponfwdkYudk jrefrm? euwfynm&Sifrsm;u owfrSwfxm; Muygonf/ &moD ( 12)yg;ES i h f pd k ; rd k ; "mwf B uD ; rsm; 12 &moDpuf0ef;&Sd 12 yg;wdkYudk r[mblw "mwfBuD;rsm; pdk;rdk;ydkifqdkifrIjzihf ydkif;jcm; vsufjyoxm;ygonf/ 1/ awaZm&moD rd? odCF? "Ek 2/ yx0D&moD Nyd ukH rum& 3/ 0ga,m&moD arxHk? wl-uHk 4/ tmayg &moD u&u#f? NAdp? rdef 1/ rd &moD ? od r f & moD ? "Ek & moD [ l a om awaZm&moD w d k Y \ yxr(0)tHomrS (13) tHom (20) vdwmtxd e,fy,fwGif&Sdaom tmom0wD rmC rlveuwfrsm;udk (9)udwf N*dK[fu ydkifqdkifonf/ 'k w d , (13)tH o m? (20) vd w m rS 26 tH o m 40 vdwmtwGi;f &Sd b&PD jyKAzv *keD jyKAomVf euwrsm;udk 6 (aomMum) f N*dK[f u ydkifqdkifonf/ wwd, 26 tHom 40 vdwmrS 30 tHomtxd aemufqHk; 3 tHom 20 vdwm pdwftydkif;udk Muwdum Ow& zv*keD Ow& omVfeuwf y|ryg'fudk (we*FaEGN*dK[fu ydkifqdkif onf)/ uJoYdk awaZm&moDrsm;twGi;f &Sd euwrsm;udk 9 (udwNf *Kd [) h f f 6 (aomMumN*dK[f) ESihf 1 (we*FaEGN*dK[f)wdkYu toD;oD;ydkifMuonf [kqygonf/ kd 2/ Nyd&moD uef&moD rmum&&moD[laom yx0D&moDrsm;\ yxr pmrsuf E S m 6 rS auR;arG;xm;wJh cEmukd,fuvnf; ajrukd auR;&awmhr,f? tJ'DvkdvlrsdK;awGu ao&rSm tifrwefaMumufwy*Kd vxJ ygwmaygh hJ k f nDrav;&,f..}} ]][kwfw,faemf ukdav;}} ]]bmuk[wwmvJ}} d k f ]] aMomf nDrav;u udav;ajymjywmeJY (6)vrf; k xJu OD;ausmfciftjzpfeJYwlvdkY [kwfw,fvkdY ajymwmyg}} ]]'gawmhow,faemf}} d ]]odwmaygh ukav;uvnf;? [kwpfaeYuawmif d d tJ'DbBuD;eJYawGUvdkY oluajymvkdufao;w,f}} ]]b,fvajymvdwe;f }} kd Yk k ]]ol t &G , f & S d w k e f ; pD ; yG m ;wuf a ewk e f ; u 'D wpfouf b,fvaeae b,fvpm;pm; rqif;&J dk dk awmhbl;vkdY xifcJhwmwJh? wu,f pD;yGm;a&; usawmh v nf ; cPav;twG i f ; rS m yJ od o d

omom ajymif;vJoGm;wmyJvkdY oluajymjy w,f}} ]]at;aygh nDrav;&,f OD;ausmcifvnf; t&G,f f rvGefao;bl;vkdYajymvkdY&ygw,f? aemufqkH; "rtodawmh tenf;eJYtrsm;&rSmyg}} ]] [kwfw,fukdav; OykofaeYqkd&if bkef;BuD; ausmif;u Oyko,Nl y;D jyefvmwm awGUawGUae& f w,f}} ]]uJ.. nDrav; udav;wkYd aemufrpum;quf k S OD;pk?Yd ukav; tbd"rmoifwef;tcsevnf;eD;Ny?D d d f ukav;oGm;vkuO;D r,f}} d d f

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r0D&*sme,fzwfMupkdU

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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w&m;xifvif; w&m;tjrif&i;f zktwGuf vmbf S Yd vmb ,kwfavsmhMuukefaom tnwdwd, rnfonfh omoemjyifyyk*K vrsm;ESipyfvsO;f d f hf ]plVoD[em'} okwefw&m;a'oemawmfukd zGifhazmfa[mMum;&avonf/ ]]w&m;emy&dowfwkdY.... yk*KdvfwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd MunfndK MuwJ h a e&mrS m ewf v l j A[ m ow 0 gawG u k d aygif;pk vkdufr,fqkd&if tpkav;pkuGJygw,f/ tJ'gawG uawmh(1) kyftqif;vSyrItay:rSm MunfndKMuol (2) toHaumif;rItay:rSm MunfnKdMuol (3) kytqif;vSv-rvSv?S toHaumif;aumif; f S raumif;aumif;? acgif;yg;pGmaexkirtay:rSm d f I MunfnKdMuoleJY (4) kytqif;vSv-rvSv?S toHaumif;aumif; f S raumif;aumif;? acgif;yg;pGmaeae-raeae? oDv? orm"d? ynmqkwhJ *kPaus;Zl;&Swtay: d f d hJ rSm MunfndKMuol..wkdYjzpfMuygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ow0gav;rsKd;av;pk &SdMuwJh teuf igbk&m;&Sifukd MunfndKMuwJhae&mrSm awmif .. igbk&m;&Sif&JU okH;q,fhESpf&yfaom r[myk&do r[mvuPmBuD;awGeJY jynfhpkHrI tay:rSm tmkHjyKMunfndKMuwJholawG.. igbk & m;&S i f & J U ]0gpmtpd a E , s} *kPfukd tmkHjyKNyD; MunfnKdMuwJholawG.. igbk&m;&Sif&JU ajcmufESpfMum'ku&

p&d,musifhBuHcJhrItay:rSm tmkHjyKNyD; MunfndK MuolawG.. igbk & m;&S i f & J U ]Ptpd a E , s} aus;Zl ; *k P f u k d tmk H j yKNyD ; Munf n d K Mu olawGqkdNyD;trsKd;rsKd;&SdMuygay&JU../ tm;vkH; aygif ; pyf v k d u f r,f q d k & if Munf n d K rI [ m MunfndKrIygyJ w&m;em y&dowfwkdY../ w&m;emy&dowftaygif;rSm omo em jyifySdtnwdwd,wdkYESifY EIdif;,SOfvsuf bkm;&Siftay: twdkif;rodMunfndKrIawG jzpfwnfvsuf&SdMu\/ ]]tSifbkm;... tnwdw,awGukd &[ef;tjzpf owfrwEiyg d S f dk f ovm;...t&Sifbk&m;.../}} ]]cspfom;cspforD;wdkY... ol w d k Y [ m omoemjyif y rS m S d a eMuwm rd k Y olwuowYkd owfrwxm;wJY omoem rSm... Ykd kd l S f aomwmyef&[ef;? ou'g*grf&[ef;? tem*grf &[ef;? &[Em&[ef;&,fvdkY wu,Yf&[ef; tppftrSefav;rsKd;[m rSdEdkifygbl;.../}} bk & m;&S i f \ &J & J a wmuf rd e f Y M um; csufu toHaumif;[pfaeaom tnwdwd, wdkYtwGuf twkefvIyfMuD; wkefvIyfapawmY ownf;/ eEmrkd;Mu,f usrf;ukd; plVoD[em'okwf

AN INTRODUCTION TO PATTHANA CONDITONAL RELATIONS.

10

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AN INTRODUCTION TO PATTHANA CONDITONAL RELATIONS.

"r0D&onf avmuNidrf;csrf;rItwGufjzpfonf/

11

rvdkcsifonhftaMumif;? rjypfrSm;onhftaMumif; (2) yg;wdkYjzpfaom? a&aomufjrpfBuD;rsm;aMumifhom? udk,ftrlt&m? EIwftrlt&m? pdwftrl t&mtrsdK;rsdK; a[wkypnf;\ tusdK;yp,kyefw&m;wdkY (0g) okp&dw? ok&mZD0ukovtpm;pm; wd[dwfy|mef;w&m;? 'dG[dwfy|mef;w&m;wdkY jzpfyGm;Muukef\/ bk & m;? yap u Ak ' g ? &[E m wd k Y \ pd w f a wmf jzpf y H k bk&m;? yapuAk'g? &[Emt&SifjrwfwdkYrSmrlum;? xdkxdktmHkwdkY udk ajcmuf'Gm&wdEiawGU&SMd uwki;f aomtcgrsm;wGif a,medaomreodum& Yk S hf d ESihf apmifhpnf;jcif; oH0&w&m; ponfwdkYESihf wdkufqdkifxdawGUMuonfjzpf Bud,mtAsmuwaZmcsnf;omjzpfMuavonf/ a[wk y p n f ; twd k c sKyf 0d y emtvk y f a y;&ef a[wkypnf;udk ukodkvf? tukodkvf? tAsmuwoHk;rsdK;oHk;pm; wdkYESifh ,SOfpyfjycJhonfwdkYudk tusOf;kef;jyqdk&ygrl? (6) 'Gm&wdkYjzihf (6) tmHkwdkYudk od&SdorQaom aZmpdwfwdkYum;? ukodkvfjzpfavmufatmif toifhtwifh ESvHk;oGif;jcif; a,medaomreodum&ESihf apmifhpnf;jcif;? oH0&paomw&m;wdkYESihf olawmfaumif;tavhr&SdMuolwdkYawGUqHkMuonhf tcg? aumif;wmawGudkjrifvQif rnfonhf[dwfjzpfMuygrnfenf;qdkaomf tajzrSm avmb[dwf? arm[[dwfwdkYomjzpfygrnf[k ajz&ef&Sd\/ avmu&S d & S d o rQ jrif j rif o rQ avmb[d w f arm[[d w f avmu &Sd&SdorQ? jrifjriforQ? xdawGUorQaom acsmarm vSyvGef;onfhrdef;r? acsmarmoefrmvGef;onfha,musfm;? tvStyypnf; yp,rsm;? tvStyumr*kPw&m;rsm;udk awGUjrifMuonhtcg? rnfonh[wjf zpfygrnfenf;[l urmavmu &S&orQtaumif;rsm; udcsn;f f f f d d dS k cGJpdwf ar;orQwGif? avmb[dwf? arm[[dwfwdkYom jzpfyg rnf[k ajzqkdMu&ayrnf/ raumif ; wmawG j rif v Qif a'go[d w f a rm[[d w f wzefraumif;onfhtmHkedrdwf0wKrsm;udkjrifvQif rnfonhf [dwfjzpfrnfenf;qdkygaomf a'go[dwfarm[[dwfwdkYomvQif jzpfrnf[k ajzqdkrnfjzpfonf/ wenf; rdrd\&efol? rpif? acG;aoaumifykyf ponf wdkYudk jrifvQif rnfonhf[dwfjzpfrnfenf;[kqdkygaomf? a'go[dwf? arm[ [dwwomjzpfrnf[k ajzqd&ygrnf/ wenf; omrnjzpfMuonhf a&? ajr? awm? awmif ponfwujkd rifvQif rnfonh[wjf zpfygrnfenf;[k f Ykd k Ykd f d ar;aomf ar;orQwdkYudk arm[[dwfjzpfrnf[k ajzqdk&rnfjzpfonf/ onfwdkYum; tukodkvfaZmjzpfyHk tar;tajzrsm;jzpfavonf/ a[wk y p , ? jzpf y suf M u? ted p p k ? xif a tmif I xkdrSwzef 0dyemI&ef? awGUorQjriforQwdkif;wdkYrSm qifjcif IyGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ jrifawGUMum;odorQ t&m&mwkdif;wGif aumif;wm awG jrifodorQysuf? qdk;wmawGvnf; jrifodorQysuf? omrnawG jrifod orQwdkYvnf; ysuf? if;tysufudk ygVdbmomt& tedp[kqdkonf/ if; tysuftedpudk tzefzefIrIudk 0dyemqdkonf/ jrifodysuf tedp0dyemudk xdkxdkaZm0DxdjzpforQwdkYrSm a[wkypnf;ESihfcsnf;jzpfaeMuaom jrifodaZmwdkY topfopfajymif;orQ ta[mif;a[mif;wdkYu tNrJysufysufvdkufaeonfwdkYudk PfESihfrdrdxif atmifMunhf? ]]tedp}}? tedp}} [k tcgcgtzefzefIMuap&ef pdwf&nf oef ]]a[wkyp,? jzpfysufMu? tedppk? xifatmifI}} [k axmufjy ajymqdktyfayonf/ aumif ; qd k ; ES p f a xG a &m,S u f a eaomtayguf r sm; rsufpdaygufESihftwl? em;ayguf? ESmacgif;ayguf? yg;pyfayguf? ponf'Gm&aygufwdkYrSmvnf; aumif;wmawGudk jrifMu? Mum;Mu? erf;Mu? pm;Mu? awGUMu? BuHMuonfwdkY avmb[dwf? arm[[dwfawGjzpfvkduf Mu? qdk;wmawGudkawmh a'go[dwf? arm[[dwfawGjzpfvkdufMu/ omrn awGudkawmhum arm[[dwfwdkYcsnf;jzpfMuav\/ [d w f a jcmuf y g;wd k Y \ jzpf r I y suf r I t aMumif ; pk [dwfajcmufyg;wdkYjzpfrIysufrItaMumif;pkwdkYudk 0dyemwif IvQifaomfum; aumif;wmodorQwdkYvnf;ysuf? qdk;wmodorQwdkYvnf; ysuf? omrnodorQwdkYvnf;ysuf? uJhodkY ysufysufvkdufaeorQwdkYudk PfESifh rdrdpl;pdkufMunhf? ]]tedp? tedp}} [k tBudrfBudrftcgcgIMu& rnfjzpfayonf/ vludkrqdkxm;ESifh wd&pmefbHkom;? tyg,fom;wdkYyifvQif ajcmufXme? ajcmuf'Gm&? ajcmufaygufwdkYwGif avmb? a'go? arm[ paom a[wkypnf;y|mef;w&m;BuD;wdkY toD;oD;jzpfaeMuyHkudk tm;vHk; odomjrifomxifomatmif a&;om;azmfjyaevihfupm;? odkYodvG,f atmifa&;om;azmfjyxm;onfudk rododatmif txyfxyf? MunhfcJpG? BuHcJpG? ESvHk;oGif;cJpG/ onfwdkYum; o[ZmwwdrsdK;xJ yg&Sdaom a[wkypnf;t& tusOf;csHK;azmfjycsufomjzpfavonf/ o[Zmww d r sd K ; &xd k u f a omyp n f ; rsm;/ (1) a[wk/ (2) o[Zmwm"dywd/ (3) o[Zmw/ (4) tn rn/ (5) o[Zmwed,/ (6) o[Zmwur/ (7) 0dygu/ (8) emrftm [m&/ (9) o[Zmwd`Ed,/ (10) psme/ (11) r*/ (12) or,kw/ (13) o[Zmw0dy,kw/ (14) o[Zmwwd/ (15) o[mZmwt0d*w/ wpfq,hfig;yg;ypnf;w&m;wdkYonf wuGjzpfMuaom emruEmESihf pdw Zkyf? y#doaEurZkyfwdkYtm; xdkufoihfonftm;avsmfpGm? rdrdwdkY\ a[wk paom owdjzihf aus;Zl;jyKMuavukef\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/) [H o m0wD OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if

DHAMMA TALKS

12

"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

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r[mok w 'D y eD a qmif y k ' f v uF m rH&mNrKd U? ta&SUv,fwwu?f y"meem,uq&mawmfb&m;Bu;D k G D kd k t*r[my@dwb'Euk@v pD&ifawmfrlaom r[mokw'DyeDusrf;? ynm&SmrD;S olwaqmifMu&efaqmify'tjzpf atmufygtwdi;f azmfjyxm; Ykd k f k &Sdonfudk rSwfom;&ygonf/ (1) uRwxuool? yk*Kd vrum;? ,kwoaygif;zuf? raumif; f dk f f l f l wGufaMumifh? r*fzdkvfr&? jzpfwwfMu\/ (2) "ra'oem? a[mjyefygvnf;? vd&mrjynh?f ,kwavsmbr?l k f h d todr&Sif;? r*fzdkvfuif;\/ (3) emjcif;rSwfjcif;? tm;xkwfjcif;[k ,if;Bud,m csdKUwJhygrl? "rmbdor,? uif;vGwf&onf? "rtIH;BuD;oHk;yg;wnf;/ usrf;ukd;/ r[mokw'DyeDusrf; cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

y[mef o H k ; yg; t,l r S e f w &m;

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{'if - aomif ; ZH

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

13

Aka'g&o t&SifEmp&d,
(aAm"d & d y f N id r f a wm&? arS m f b D )

t&dyfaumif;

OPS m 0gVKum uE m a&? oH o ma& OPS d u mZem/ oDw omoe qm,m,? okcH omwH vmbd Hokwd/ a,Zem- udavomtylruif; twGif;ylylaeMuukefaom tMuif ykxZOftaygif;wdonf/ k Yk OPSm0gVKum uEa&- aEGcgwD;wD; aeylBuD;xJ rD;NrdKuftwl ylyl avmifavmif oJaomifwaMum tylawmuE&[kqdktyfaom? oHoma&- arsmcsD pkefcsD qHkvnfonhfEGm; toGm;r&yf csm;&[wfyHkraoG wayayvnf ae&mjzpfaom oHo&mBuD;xJ? d OPSum- rD;[ke;f [ke;f wu,fawmufavmifwhJ tyg,fabmifNywmausm d wdrmjzihf warmarm w[du[uf wSL;SL;wduueYJ tylwuqvuf Yk S k f kd I f Id f kd f l Id vS,fjzihf tylonfawGjzpfaeMuavukefownf;/ awZem- xdktylruif; ylavmifjcif;cHae&aomolwdkYonf oDw omoe qm,m,- pdwfwNidrfhNidrfhaysmfarGUat;MunfvSpGmaom bk&m;omoemr[m*Edkif pHkNrdKifpdrfhprf; a&at;csrf;? okcH- udk,fpdwfESpfjzm Nidrf;csrf;omjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? omwH- tylESifhuGJ qif;&JESifhuGm toufomtrsdK;udkvnf;aumif;? vbd Hok- tvdk&Sdwdkif; cHpm;&&SdEdkifMuygapukefownf;/

t&d y f a umif ;
t&dyaumif;qdwm ylavmifaeolawG? qif;&JEr;f yg;olawG[m f k G t&dyfaumif;udk cdem;csiMf uygw,f/ t&dyatmufa&mufvYkd a&wpfayguf k f avmufrsm; aomufvdkuf&vQif tylawG wcPcsif;uif; at;csrf;jcif; yif jzpfoGm;&ygw,f/ t&dyqwm olatmufom ud,uoGm;Ny;D awmhcem;yg? tat; f kd Y k f kd "mwfay;NyD;om;yg/ t&dyfatmufudkom udk,fuoGm;cdkzdkYomvdkygw,f/ t&dy[m cdem;vmolreorQ t&dyay;Ny;D awmh at;jrapygw,f/ ukvm;? f k S f f Arm? wkwf? ponfrcGJjcm;ygbl;/ t&dyfatmufa&mufvdkYuawmh t&ifylaewJh a&? ajr? avawG yg tm;vHk;at;jroGm;Mu&w,f/ ok c g k u qm,m/ ku qm,m- opfyift&dyfBuD;onf? okcg- 0ifa&muf cdkem;vmolrSeforQ udk,fpdwfESpfjzmcsrf;omat;jrjcif;&SdvSyg\/ opfyift&dyBf u;D atmuf[m at;jrw,f? csr;f omw,f/ txl; ojzihf aeyl? avyl? oJylawGxJrS armyef;EGrf;e,fpGm avQmufvSrf;vmol wpfa,muf[m opfyifatmuf0ifa&mufum ]]anmifnKd yif&y}f } rSm wa&; d

DHAMMA TALKS

14

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ jrifvuyg..oJaomifjyifBu;D uGi;f wD;wD;aeylBu;D xJrm t&dyf dk f S aumif;wJhopfyifBuD;udk awGUjrifygvdrfhrnf/ 'DopfyifBuD;[m bmxl;jcm; ovJ jrifatmifMunhfygav/ 'Davmuft&dyfaumif;wJh opfyifBuD;[m uGif;wD;wD;jzpfvdkY av'Pfc&rnf/ oJaomifjyifui;f qdawmh aeyl'Pf? avyl'PfawGvnf; H G k cH&rnf/ odaomfvnf; bmaMumifcirmpdajypGm &yfwnfaeEdivJ pOf;pm; Yk h kd f k k f Munhfaygh/ bmaMumifh tyGifhtoD;awG oD;yGihfaewmvJ awG;Munhfav/ a&aomufjrpfaumif;jcif;? a&&Sdjcif;u opfyifBuD;udk pdkajyapygw,f/ cdkifrmapygw,f/ a&aomufjrpfraumif;&ifvnf; oGm;rSmyJ/ a&r&SvQif aooGm; d rSmyJ/ t&dyfaumif;ay;EdkifrSmr[kwfbl;/ 'Dawmh a&aomufjrpfu t"du usw,f/ tJ'Daeyl oJylusJusJxJrSm&SdaewJh opfyif&dyfaumif;BuD;udk jrifawGU&if yifyef;EGrf;vswJhoif[m o,fvdkpdwfjzpfay:vmrvJ/ opfyif&yaumif;Bu;D atmufoYkd 0ifa&muf&mwGif a&td;k pif d f av;jrifu oifhb0ifjzpfpOfav; apmifhMunhfygvm;/ t&dyaumif;\aus;Zl;ESifh a&td;k pifwnfxm;ay;ol\ aus;Zl; f rarh&bl;av/ opfyifpu t&dyaumif;ay;olEifh a&td;k pifwnfay;olukd kd f f S arwmjzihfwHkYjyefzdkY rarhygeJYav/ a&uvnf; enf;vkdufwm? opfyifuvnf; t&GufjrnfoH Mum;vkdufwmqdkNyD; tudkif;csdK; a&tdk;pifzsufqD;u a'gojzihfwHkYjyef aus;Zl;uef;&if oifomvlrdkuf rdwfaqGrxdkufacs/ oifom t&dyfaumif;atmufrSm a&aomufAdkufarSmuf tdyfaeaomfum; tusdK;w&m;tb,fodkYrsm;csdrfhenf;/ oihwuf f G opfyif&dyfBuD;uvnf; t&dyfaumif;yJ? vkyfief;ydkif&Sifuvnf; t&dyfaumif;yJ? rdwfaqGaumif;[mvnf; t&dyfaumif;yJ? rdbaqGrsdK;uvnf; t&dyfaumif;yJ? pdwfxm;jrihfjrwf q&mjrwfuvnf; t&dyfaumif;yJ? "r&mZmrif;jrwf[mvnf; t&dyfaumif;yJ? Ak'omoem[mvnf; t&dyfaumif;yJ/ tJ'gqdk oifbmvkyrvJ? t&dyaumif;vdYk pdwajymif;wm rjzpf f f f ap&mbl;/ t&dyaumif;rSm rScatmif; ud,wit&dyaumif;ay;Ediol f D kd k f kd f f k f wpfa,mufjzpfzdkY BudK;pm;zdkYvdkygw,f/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

warS; tdyfvkduf&vQif yef;orQEGrf;orQawGyaysmuf? vef;qef;rIawG? csrf;omrIawG a&mufvm&ygw,f/ ylavmifjcif;qif;&Judk cHpm;aeolrSeforQawmh t&dyfatmuf cdem;csiMf uolcsn;f yg/ t&dyatmufcem;rS csr;f omrSmav/ odaomfvnf; k f kd Yk ]]t&dyfaeae tcufcsdK;csdK;}} qdkovdk t&dyfvnf;0ifcdkaeao;w,f? tudkif;tcufvnf; csdK;rnfqdkygu udk,fh&JUat;csrf;rI? Nidrf;csrf;rIcsrf;om udk zsufqD;ypfvkdufwmyJ/ tJ'gqdk&if vlrdkufvlqdk;vdkY ac:&rnf/

t&d y f a eae tud k i f ; csd K ;csd K ;

,k u qm,m,? ed o D a ',s oa,,s0g/ e w omcH ba , s? rd w ' k a A m [d ygyaum/ (Zmwf y gVd - 22) tMuif pdrf;vef;pdkajyaeaom opfyif&dyfatmuf cPav;rQ aecJz;l tH?h tdycz;l tH/ xdacwcP tdyc?hJ aecJz;l aomolonf xdopfyif h f hJ h k f h k \ tudkif;tcufudk rcsdK;rzsuf&bl;/ tu,f t&dyfaecJhvsuf tudkif; tcuf csdK;zsufolonf vl,kwfrmwnf;? rdwfaqGysufwnf;[k bk&m;&Sif u Zmwfawmfa[mcJhygw,f/

t&d y f u d k &ef o l r S w f ab;awG U wwf o nf

wpfcgu bk&m;tavmif;onf awmtkywpfc kup;kd jzpfcz;l f k hJ \/ teD;wGif tjcm;kup;kd wpfO;D vnf;&S\/ xdawmtkyxwif jcaoFEihf d k f J G h S usm;wdvnf;&SMd uav&m vltrsm;onf xdawmtkyxorvm&JMuukebJ Yk k f J Ykd f &SdaeMu\/ awmtkyfwpfckvHk;vnf; jcaoFhESifhusm;wdkY\ pm;<uif;tykyf todk; teHYqdk;rsm;ESifhykyfa[mifaeonf/ xdkteHYudkrcHEdkifaom kupdk; ewfrdkufonf bk&m;tavmif;kupdk;xHodkYvmcJhtaqG- igwdkYawmtkyfonf usm;ESihfjcaoFhwdkYaMumihf rpif rMu,f teHYqdk;&Sdae&onf/ olwdkYudk awmtkyfrSajy;aptHh[k qdkonf/ bk&m;tavmif;kupdk;u- taqG usm;ESihfjcaoFhESpfaumif &SdaeaomaMumifhom igwdkYAdrmefawm&dyfudk vlom;wdkYvma&mufrckwf0Hh ojzihf igwdkYAdrmefawm&dyf wnfNrJae&jcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYudkxGufajy; atmif rjyKvkyfoifh[k wm;jrpfqHk;rpum;ajymMum;onf/ wpfaeYrm kup;kd rkuonf usm;ESijfh caoFwukd aMumufrufz,f S d f h Ykd G aumif;aom tqif;yHkjy ajy;apavonf/ xdkawmt&yf usm;ESifh jcaoFr&SawmhaMumif;udk odMuaom vlom;rsm;onf awmtkyx0ifum h d f J opfyif? 0g;yifrsm;ckwjf zwfMuojzihf awmtkyBf u;D onf oH;k &uftwGi;f rSm yif [if;vif;jyifBuD;jzpfoGm;cJh\/ kupdk;ewfrsm;\ awmtkyfBuD;vnf; aysmufuG,foGm;avawmhonf/ rdru opfyif&yukd cdem;w,fq&if tudi;f tcsKd ;&bl;/ opfyif d d f k kd k &dyBf u;D udk axmufyay;aewmawGukd rz,f&m;&bl;/ aus;Zl;wif&ygw,f/ hH S opfyifBuD;u pnfyifjyefYyGm; pnfum;avav rdrdwdkYt&dyfaumif;BuD; ydk aumif;vmavjzpfw,f/ 'Dkupdk;rdkuf[m opfawm&dyfaumif;a&;? wenf;wzHk aus;Zl; jyKaewJh usm;ESifhjcaoFhwdkYudk &efolxif ESifcsavawmh udk,frSDcdkae&wJh awmtkyt&dyaumif;csn;f yg ysup;D oGm;&ygw,f/ 'gawGvnf; twk,l f f f wwf&ygw,f/ apmapmuajymcJhNyD; t&dyfqdkwm 0ifa&mufcdkem;,ltm;vHk;wdkY at;csrf;om,m&Sdatmifay;wmyg/ csrf;omokc &apwmyg/

A CRITIQUE OF THE UNCHANGING TENDENCY

"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

15

a0zefydkif;jcm;oHk;oyfqifjciftyfaom ed,mrw&m;ig;yg;
Nidrf;csrf;OD; Owkqdk ed,mr ADZwJha0jzm/ / ur "rmESihf pdwfpOfvm ed,mr[k ig;0ocsFm/ / onft&m rSefpGmy rrSm;/ / vmusr;f *ef ed,mrH w&m;udk cGJjyxif&Sm;/ / Owk e d , mr? AD Z ed , mrqd k o nf r S m tar;ykpmtvuFmonf ed,mrw&m;ig;yg;wdkYudk pl;prf; ar;jref;vmjcif;jzpf\/ xdkykpmESihfpyf ajzqdk&efum;? opfyifwdkY\ wNyKd ieuftoD;tyGiwuaqmifjcif;/ Owko;kH yg;wdNYk rjJ cif;ponfwonf f fh Ykd kd Ykd mr}}rnf ]]Owk e d , mr}} \ / xd k x d k r sd K ;aph w d k Y \ rsd K ;aph E S i h f w l a om toD ; oD ; jcif ; onf ]]ADZed,mr}} rnf\/ tavmb[d w f j y|mef ; aomuk o d k v f ukodkvfonf wd[dwfukodkvf? 'dG[dwfukodkvf[l ESpfrsdK;&Sd\/ xdkESpfrsdK;wdkYwGif v,form;wdkYonf v,fajrt&yf pyg;rsdK;aphwdkYudk pdkufysdK;BuJcsaomtcg? tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;rnfudk tvGef,HkMunf? avmbwPSmruyfrNiyJ vGwvwpeBYf uouJo?Ykd ukovwrnfonfrm d f G f G J h kd f Ykd S vlom;&mt&dyf tNrxufMuyfygouJo?Ykd jzpfav&moHo&mb0wd tNrJ G J h Yk xufMuyfyg? b0orwd? abm*orwdwdkYESihf b0wdkif;jynhfpHkMu touf&njf cif;? tqif;vSjcif;paom aumif;usKd ;w&m;wdYk txl;jzpfay: S vmatmif {uefrvGJ tNrJjyKjyif edAmefodkYa&mufaMumif; vrf;aumif; tppftrSejf zpfayonf[k ukovu\tusKd ;wdukd ,HMk unfjcif;o'g ykA*F kd f H Yk rapwemudkjzpfapvsuf? avmbwPSmwdkY ruyfrNidapyJ? v,form; onf rsdK;aphudk ypfcsouJhodkY 'gersdK;aphwdkYudk pGefYBuJvSL'gef;jcif;onf tavmb[d w f j y|mef ; aom uk o d k v f r nf \ / ta'go[d w f N cH & H a omuk o d k v f oHo&musivnf&yH?k 'kuj zpfyrsm;udk a&SUI? t[Hta0a&m f kH a[mrd[k a[mawmfronfEitnD? rdru,ukd vGepmoem;jcif;/ vGepm l S hf d kd f f G f G csrf;omapjcif;/ olwpfyg;wdkYtm;vnf; vGefpGmcsrf;omapvdkjcif; arwm w&m;ud k a &S U xm; pG e f Y B uJ v S L 'gef ; yl a Zmf j cif ; onf ]]ta'go[d w f NcH & H a om uk o d k v f } }}rnf \ / tarm[[d w f N cH & H a omuk o d k v f ormoarm"d? yapuaAm"d? om0uaAm"d[qtyfaom aAm"d k kd Pfo;kH yg;wdwif tvd&tyfaom aAm"dPfukd &nfoefp;l pdu bk&m; Yk G k dS k f tavmif;awmfBu;D rsm;uJoYkd ud,tvkyuNkd y;D pD;atmifjrifatmif&nfoef h k fh f jyKaomukodkvfonf ynm[kqdktyfaom ]]tarm[[dwfNcH&Haom ukodkvf}}}rnf\/ wd [ d w f O u | ? wd [ d w f M oruuk o d k v f [dwfoHk;yg;wdkYudk ykA? rk? ty&tcgwdkY ,SOfpyfvSLaom tvSLonf ]]wd[dwfOu|ukodkvf}}rnf\/ ykA? ty&wdkYum;ryg? vSLqJ } rktcgom [dwo;kH yg;,SOaomukovonf ]]wd[dwfMoruukodkvf}} f f kd f rnf\/ 'G d [ d w f O u | ? 'd G [ d w f M oruuk o d k v f tavmb? ta'go[dwfESpfyg;udk ykA? rk? ty&umvwdkY ,SOfap vSLaomtvSLonf ]]'dG[dwfOu|ukodkvf}}rnf\/ vSLqJ } tcgom [dwfESifh,SOfaomukodkvfonf 'dG[dwfMoruukodkvfrnf\/ ur e d , mrqd k o nf r S m ukovav;rsKd ;wdwif wd[wOu|ukovuonf wd[wf kd f Yk G d f kd f H d 0dygufudk wd[dwfMoruESihf'Gd[dwfOu|ukodkvfuHonf 'Gd[dwf0dygufudk 'd[wMf oruukovum; t[dw0ygufuom ay;\/ odtusKd ;ay;NrJ G d kd f f d kd Yk jcif;onf ]]ured,mr}} \/ mr}}rnf "r e d , mr[l o nf u m; ypdrb0dubk&m;avmif;y#doaEaeaomtcg zGm;jrifawmfrl aomtcgwd urmajrwkevyjf cif;paom tjcif;t&mtxl;rsm;jzpfay: Yk f I jcif;onf "red,mrrnfavonf/ pd w e d , mrqd k o nf u m; tmHkESihfyom'wdkY wdkufqdkifxdcdkufjcif;aMumifh y'Gm&m0Zef; paom 0DxpwwjYkd zpfjcif;onfvnf;aumif;? raem'Gm& raem'Gm&0Ze;f d d f paom 0DxdpdwfwdkYjzpfjcif;onfvnf;aumif;? ]]pdwded,mr}} rnfav\/ tbd " r m 0xm&#D u mtqd k t rd e f Y ed,mrig;yg;taMumif;udk tbd"rm0xm&#Dum odkY rdeqawmfronf/ Yf kd l Owk A D Z ed , marm? ur " r e d , mrwm/ pd w p ed , marmwd ? aO,smy e d , mrwm/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

16
rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

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aomtcg ESru tdrfaxmifjyK tpfudkurl tdrfaxmifrjyKbJae\/ tpfudkESifhESronf avmutjrifjcif;rwl/ ESru avmuudk om,mzG,f ]]tm'}} tjzpfjrif\/ tpfudku avmuudk NiD;aiGUzG,f ]]tm'De0}} tjzpfjrif\/ om,mzG,tjzpfjrifou tdraxmifjyK Ni;D aiGUzG,tjzpf f l f f jrifolu jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmf &[ef;jyK\/ tpfudkonf ESrudk olwm0eft& apmifa&Smufav&m ESrtdraxmifjyKom;aomtcg Y h f G tpfu\wm0efonf Ny;D qH;k \/ xdkYaMumifh &[ef;jyKjcif;jzpf\/ kd &[ef ; jyKol t pf u d k \ bG J U awmf r S m oH C &u d w jzpf \ / tpfudkonf avmuudk NiD;aiGUzG,ftjzpf jrifonfqdkuwnf;u yg&rD\ wG e f ; tm;ay;rI t & avmurS vG w f a jrmuf & m ]]ed &P}} ud k &Smrnfjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh tpfudk oHC&udwonf wpf&ufESpf&uf avmuf &[ef;w&m;udk tm;xkwfumrQESihf &[Em jzpfoGm;av\/ oHC&uwrax&fonf wu,fyif avmurS xGuajrmuf&m ]]ed&P}} d f &oGm;\/ ESronf rdrdudk,fwdkif avmurS rxGufajrmufEdkifapumrl rdrd\om;udkrl avmurS xGufajrmufoGm;apvdk\/ om;tay:xm; &Sdaom olr\ ]]qE}} onf olrom;\ ]]b0}} ESihf wu,fwrf;nDGwfrI &Sonf r&Sonfurl olrrod/ trSetm;jzihf ]]qE}} onf twe,fy,f d d kd f &Sd ]]b0}} onf tewe,fy,f&Sd\/ e,fy,f csif;jcm;ojzihf rdrdqE twdkif; b0onf taumiftxnfay:csifrSay:\/ xdkYaMumifh ESronf olr\om;udk tpfudk\trnftwdkif; oHC&udfw [krSnhf tpfudk\xH omraPjyKay;\/ &[ef;jyKay; \/ xdktcgolrom;\trnfonfvnf; ]]wlawmfoHC&udw}} [lyif omoemawmf wG i f a v\/ wl a wmf o H C &u d w onf pmay oifMum;Ny;D aemuf &Gmwpf&m ausmif;xki\/ ausmif;xdibe;f Bu;D vky\/ G d f k f k f wlawmfoHC&udwonf OD;&D;awmf oHC&udwudk cspf\/ wG,fwm\/ OD;&D;awmf oHCm&udwonf tar\ tpfudk&if;vnf; jzpf\/ ol\OyZm,fq&mvnf;jzpf\/ xdaMumifh wlawmfoC&uwu Yk H d rdrdOD;&D;awmf oHC&udwudk cspfjcif;jzpf\/ wG,fwmjcif;jzpf\/ odkYaomcspfjcif;ESifh wG,fwmjcif;udk ]]a*[dwayr}} [lac:\/ a*[d w ayr [l o nf wPS m tay: wnf a qmuf x m;aom cspfjcif;ESihf wG,fwmjcif;jzpf\/ tcspfESihfwG,fwmrIonf aumif; oa,mif E S i f h qd k ; \/ umrp E e d 0 & Ponf orm"d E S i h f Pf u d k vdktyfaomtwdkif; twmtxd jzpfay:rvmEdiatmif umqD;umqD; k f vkyf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk tcspfjzihfcspfaom aMumifhyif jrif;NrD;qGJ vkyfcJhol qErax&fonf jrwfpGmbk&m;oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdaepOfumv twGif; w&m;xl;udk r&Edkifjcif;jzpf\/ 0gwGif;umv wpfaeYwGif wlawmf oHC&udwonf ouFef;p ESpfpudk&\/ wpfp rSm (7) awmif&Sd\/ wpfprSm (8) awmif&Sd\/ (7) awmifpudk olYtwGuf&nf&G,f (8) awmif pudk OD;&D;vnf;jzpf? OyZm,fvnf;jzpfaom oHC&udwrax&ftwGuf &nf&G,f\/ 0guRwf aomtcg (8) awmifpouFe;f ud, OD;&D;awmf rax&ftm; vSL&efvm\/ k l ausmif;oda&mufaom tcg OD;&D;awmfrax&fukd rawGU/ OD;&D;awmf rax&f Yk qG r f ; cH < ucd k u f j zpf rawG U jcif ; jzpf \ / OD ; &D ; awmf r ax&f qG r f ; cH r S jyefvmvQif tqifoifh jzpfap&ef wHjrufvSnf;xm;\/ ajcaq;a&udk vnf; wnfxm;\/ OD;&D;awmfrax&fqGrf;cH&mrS jyef<uvmaomtcg wlawmf

COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/ &apEdkifonfyifjzpf\/ odYk wlawmfoC&uw &[ef;i,fu pdwu;l ,Ofvujf yef\/ H d f kd aemufom;wpfa,mufudk&rnf/ om;udkvnf; OD;&D;\trnftwdkif; oHC&udw [lyifrSnhfac:\/ xdkYaemuf vSnf;,mOfuav;ESifh rdrd\ZeD;ESihfom;i,fudk ac: OD;&D;awmfudk oGm;a&mufuefawmhrnf/ rdrdu vSnf;,mOfudkarmif;rnf/ rdrd\ZeD;u orD;i,fudk ayGUcsDxm;rnf/ aemuf rdrdu wpfzef om;i,fudkayGUcsD&if; vSnf;,mOfudk armif;&ef rd r d \ ZeD ; xH r S om;i,f u d k , l r nf / xd k t cg rd r d \ ZeD ; u rd r d t m; om;i,fudkray;bJ vSnf;udkom armif;&efajymrnf/ rdrdu vSnf; ,mOfudkqufarmif;rnf/ xdktcsdefwGif rdrd\ ZeD;vufrSvGwf om;i,f o nf vS n f ; vrf ; ray: od k Y usoG m ;rnf / uH r aumif ; taMumif;rvScsifawmh om;i,fukd vSnf;uBudwfoGm;ojzihf om;i,f aoqHk;oGm;rnf/ onfrSm wlawmf oHC&udw\ pdwful;jzpf\/ pdwful;onf xdkae&m &yfoGm;vQif aumif;\/ odkY&mwGif pdwful;onf xdkae&mr&yf? qufoGm;\/ ol\pdwful;onf olcsnf;oGm;onf r[kwf/ wlawmfoHC&udwudkyg wpfyg;wnf;ac:aqmif oGm;\/ pdwful;ESifhoHC&udwonf wpfom; wnf;jzpfoGm;\/ pdwful;onfyif oHC&udw? oHC&udwonfyif pdwful;/ onfrSm rdpmouFy\ pGrf;tifjzpf\/ rdpmouFy[lonfrSm rSm;,Gif;aompdwful;jzpf\/ rSm;,Gif;aom pdwful;qdkuwnf;u rSm;,Gif;aom um,uHESihf rSm;,Gif; aom 0pDuHudkjzpfay:aprnfrSm trSef jzpf\/ wlawmfoHC&udwonf ,cktxd pdwful;urm&SdaeqJ yifjzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf olo nf ol\ZeD;tay: rsm;pGm pdwfqd k ; \/ om;i,f u d k y if Ed k i f a tmif a yG U csD E d k i f o l r [k w f o jzih f om;i,fonf raooihfygbJvsuf taoqdk;jzihf ao&&S m \/ xd k Y a Mumif h o l o nf ol\a'goudk rxdef;EdkifbJ ZeD;tm; BudrfvHk;jzihfdkufvdkuf\/ odkY&mwGif BudrfvHk;onf ol\ZeD;udk rxdbJ ol\OD;&D;awmf oHC&uwrax&fBu;D \ OD;acgif;awmfukd xdom;\/ xdtcg Burv;kH onf d G k d f vnf; BudrfvHk;r[kwfawmh xef;&Guf,yf0ef;om jzpfae\/ rdpmouFy\ pGrf;tifonfxufvS\/ pdwful;urmu BudrfvHk;onf vufawGU urm xef;&Guf,yf0ef;jzpfae\/ pdwful;urmu rdrd\ZeD;onf vufawGU urm rdrd\OD;&D; awmfjzpfae\/ pdwful;[lonfvnf; pGrf;tifrJh onfr[kwf/ rdrd\oD;jcm;urmwpfckudk zefqif; EdkifpGrf;&Sdacs\/ tu,f pd w f u l ; onf rd r d \ oD ; jcm;ur m rS vuf a wG U ur m od k Y a&mufatmif ul;oGm;EdkifygvQif tvuFm&a0g[mt& b0 qefojzihf ]]r"k&wm*kPf}} ajrmufonfrnf\/ odkY&mwGif wlawmfoHC&udw\ pdwful;um; xdkodkYr[kwf? vufawGUurmodkYra&mufbJ acsmufurf;yg;odkY usom;av\/ xdojYkd zpfjcif; udk tvuFm& a0g[m&t& b0rqefojzihf G k Mopdws[Dea'gooifhonfrnf\/ Mopdws[De a'go[lonf b0 rqefaomtjzpfrsdK;jzpf\/ wlawmfoHC&udwu ol\OD;acgif;udk xef;&Guf,yf0ef;jzihf dkufvkdufaomtcg ]]&[ef;i,f oifonf oif\ZeD;udk xdatmif rd k u f E d k i f b J ig\OD ; acgif ; ud k o m xd a tmif d k u f acs\}} [l OD;&D;awmfrax&fBuD;u rdefYvdkuf\/ xdktcgrS wlawmfoHCH&udwonf ol\pdwful; urmNydKusoGm;NyD; rsm;pGmxdefYvefY\/ &Sufvnf; &Suf\/ olwpfyg;\pdwfudk odpGrf;Edkifaom OD;&D;awmfrax&f\ &[Emb0udk MunfndK 0rf;ajrmuf\/ rdrd\ykxkZOfb0twGufvnf; rsm;pGm0rf;enf; rd \ / tH h z G , f & S d a ypG m h / igonf ysuf p D ; jcif ; od k Y a &muf a y\/ ig\

17

OyZm,fq&m um; igBuHorQtm;vHk;udk odacsNyD/ ightm; &[ef;b0jzihf tusdK;r&SdawmhNyD? wlawmf oHC &udw&[ef;i,fonf odkYawG;&if; xef ; &G u f ,yf 0 ef ; ud k c sum xG u f a jy;&ef B ud K ;pm;av\/ xd k t cg tjcm;&[ef;rsm;u wlawmfoHC&udw &[ef;i,fudk 0dkif;0ef;NcH&H jrwfpGmbk&m; a&SUawmfarSmufodkY ac:aqmifoGm;Mu\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;a&SUawmfarSmufodkY a&mufaomtcg jrwfpGm bk&m;u &[ef;i,f tm; ol\jzpf&yfudk ar;jref;av&m &[ef;i,f uvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; ol\jzpfpOfudk tprS tqHk;wdkif avQmufxm; \/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u *gxmjzihf atmufygtwdkif;a[mMum;\/ - pd w f [ l o nf a0;aomt&yf o d k Y v nf ; oG m ;wwf \ / wpfcNk y;D rSwpfcjk zpfwwf\/ ud,f oPmefr&S?d [',0wKwnf;[laom k OrifrSD\/ - pdwfudkvHkNcHKpGm apmifhxdef;EdkifolwdkYonf rm&fewfrif;\ taES m if t zG J U rS vG w f a jrmuf M uayvd r h f r nf / pd w f [ l o nf ol Y o bm0twk d i f ; a0;aomumvod k Y v nf ; cPcsif;a&mufoGm;Edkif\/ a0;aoma'oodkYvnf; cPcsif;a&mufoGm; Edkif\/ onfrm pdw\obm0? pdw\pGr;f tif jzpf\/ S f f pdwf\pGrf;tifudk olYobm0twdkif; ]]oGm;csif&moGm;}} [l txdef;tuGyfr&SdbJ vTwfay;xm;yguvnf; umrokcvdumEka,m* usihfpOftwkdif; usifh&ma&muf roifh/ ]]roGm;&bl;}} [l twif; t"rESdyfuGyfxm;jyefuvnf; twudvrxmEka,m*usihfpOf twdkif; usihf&m a&muf\/ roifh/ trSeftm;jzihf pdwf[lonf olYobm0twdkif; olYvkyfief;udk olaqmif&Guf&m wGif yk*dKvftaejzihf rdrdu wpfpHkwpfck 0ifa&mufpGufzufygu xdkodkYpGufzufjcif;onf tpGef;a&mufusihfpOf tEy#dy'gtwki;f usionfrnf\/ d fh rZdry#dy'gtwdkif; yk*dKvftaejzihf r[kwfbJ "rtaejzihfom rdrd\pdwfudk rdrdu avhvm&\/ pdwf\vkyfief;udk oHk;oyf&\/ tmHkudk,lwkdif; owd (ormowd) jzihf rSwf&\/ trSwf ysufroGm;&avatmif 0D&d, (orm0g,mr)jzihf rysif;r&d BudK;yrf; &\/ vGwfxGufroGm;&avatmif orm"d (ormorm"d) jzihf pd k u f x m;&\/ tmH k u d k buf p H k o d & atmif 0d w uf (or m ouF y ) jzih f avh v m&\/ tmH k u m; yk * d K vf r [k w f ? ow 0 g r[k w f ? t&m0w K r[k w f ? ocF g &omjzpf \ [l ynm (or m 'd | d ) jzih f tqH k ; tjzwf a y;&\/ vk y f i ef ; rsm;ud k v k y f & mwG i f owd 0D & d , orm"d w d k Y u orm"d r * i f t aejzih f yg0if & \/ ouF y (0d w uf ) ES i f h ynmwd k Y u ynmr* i f t aejzih f yg0if & \/ r* i f i g;yg;ud k 0dyemr*if [l qkd&\/ pdwfonf tmHkudk,lwdkif; vkyfief; rsd K ;ud k tNrJ v k y f & \/ od k Y v k y f & mwG i f yk * d K vf t aejzih f vk y f & onf r [k w f / "rtaejzihfom vkyf&\/ trSeftm;jzihf avmu yk*dKvf[lvnf; r&S d ? ow 0 g[l vnf ; r&S d ? t&m0w K [l vnf ; r&S d ? tm;vH k ; "r csnf;om&Sd\/ ocFg&csnf;om&Sd\/ "r (0g) ocFg&udkyif yk*dKvf[l jzpfap? ow0g[ljzpfap? t&m0wK[l jzpfap rSwf,lvkdufonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf ]]ig}} onf 0if v m\/ xd k ]]ig}} ud k y if ]]tw } } [l qd k & \/ xd k t cg rdrd,laomtmHkESihfywfouf ]]ESpfoufjcif;}} aomfvnf;jzpfEdkif\/ ]]rESpfouf jcif;}} aomfvnf; jzpfEdkif\/ ESpfoufjcif; jzpf vQifvnf; ud a vomyif j zpf o nf r nf \ / rES p f o uf j cif ; jzpf v Qif v nf ;

COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

18

"r0D&onf rsKd;quftwGuf jzpfonf/ &[ef;i,fonf ol\ yg&rDt& a'oemawmftwGif;yif ol\pdwfudk udavomwdYk r0ifa&mufEiatmif rm&frif;\ taESmiftzGUJ rS vGwatmif kd f f tm;xkwEiav awmh\/ od&mwGif ol\pdwum; udavom tm;vH;k wdrS f kd f Yk f Yk rvG w f a o;/ rm&f r if ; \ taES m if tzG J U tm;vH k ; rS rvG w f a o;? vGwfoifhoavmufvGwfNyD? 'd|dESihf 0dpdudpmrSvGwfNyD/ tyg,fav;yg; rS vGwfNyD/ xdkYaMumifh wlawmfoHC&udwonf aomwywzvwnf d kd f aomwmyefjzpfav\ [l omoemhrSwfwrf; azmfjyjcif;jzpfyg\/ tjcm;aomw&m;emy&d o wf o nf v nf ; rd r d w d k Y \ yg&rD t avsmuf a'oemawmfudk emMum;&ojzihf tusdK;&Sdonfomjzpfyg\/ rd r d w d k Y o nf tprxif oH o &mrS p usif v nf c J h & ol rsm;jzpfMuav&m pmzwfol rdrd onfyif wlawmfoC&uw&[ef;i,fvkd H d yg&rD &SdoljzpfEdkif\/ xdkYaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;a[m Mum;awmfrlonfh twdkif; kyf emrf "r ocFg& rsm;tm;vHk;udk yk*dKvftjzpf ow0gtjzpf j'yf tpdkiftcJtjzpf rjrifawmhyJ tm;vHk;jzpfysuf csnf;jrifatmif? xdaemifrS jzpfysuw\ ukeq;kH &m edAmefujkd rifatmif tm;xkwtyfyg\/ k f Ykd f f usrf;ukd; "ry' pdw0*f0wKrsm; aemuf a usmzk H ; rS rsm;taejzihfum; "rom&oDv&Sifawm&ausmif;ocFrf;rsm;udkom a&G;cs,fMuvsuf odkYr[kwf ,if;"rom&ausmif;ocFrf;rsm;odkYom vma&mufMuvsuf y&d,wdy#dywd"rpmayrsm;usihf0wfrsm;udk oif,l qnf;yl;aeMuonfu rsm;avonf/
Cherry Jackson, along-standing supporter of both monasteries says, "We can speak to them woman to woman. We can discuss more personal things, and they can give us advice, especially on women's issues.

udavomyifjzpfonf rnf\/ xdktcg udavomu pdwfudkaESmifzGJU onf rnf\/ xd k Y a Mumih f pd w f u rnf o nh f t mH k u d k ,l o nf j zpf a p? xdktmHkonf yk*dKvfr[kwf? t&m0wKr[kwf? tmHkudk,lwwfaom pd w f o nf v nf ; yk * d K vf r [k w f ? ow 0 gr[k w f ? t&m0w K r[k w f tm;vHk;"rcsnf;jzpfonf/ tm;vHk;ocFg& csnf;jzpfonf/ tm;vHk; ted p 'k u tew c snf ; jzpf o nf [ l jrif v m&avatmif orm'd|d ormouFy[laom ynmr*if (2) yg;ESihf orm owd? orm0g,mr? ormorm"d[laom orm"d r*if (3) yg;? pkpkaygif; 0d y emr* i f (5) yg;wd k Y j zih f yG m ;rsm;&\/ xd k o d k Y tm;xk w f a omtcg pd w f [ l o nf wpf c k w nf ; u qufumqufum jzpfae onfr[kw/ wpfcNk y;D rS wpfcjk zpfaejcif;jzpf\/ f pdwfwpfckcsKyfoGm;vQif aemufpdwfwpfcku ay:vm\/ xdkYaMumihf pdwfonf jzpfvkduf ysufvkdufjzihf jzpfaejcif;jzpf\/ xdkodkYjzpfvdkufysufvdkufjzpfae&mwGif pdwfwpfckwnf;uyif xyfumxyfum jzpfae onfvnf;r[kwf/ yxrjzpfaompdwfonf 'kwd,jzpfaompdwfr[kwf/ odkY pdwfrsm;onf wpfBudrfvQifwpfckpD wpfckpDjzpf\/ yxrtBudrfj zpfaompdwfESihf 'kwd,tBudrfjzpfaom pdwonf wpfckwnf;[l,lygu ow'd|djzihf ,lonfrnf\/ f bmrQtquf t pyf r &S d [ l ,l y guvnf ; Oap ' 'd | d j zih f ,lonfrnf\/ pdwf[lonf wpfpdwwnf;r[kwaomfvnf; taMumif; f f tusKd ; taejzihf tquftpyf&Sd\/ odkYjrifatmif 0dyemr*if (5) yg;jzihfMunhf&\/ pdwf[lonf udk,foPmefr&Sd? j'yfr&Sd? tpdkiftcJvnf;r&Sd/ tu,fpdwf[lonf udk,foPmef&onf[vnf;aumif;? j'yf&onf dS l dS [lvnf;aumif;? tpdkiftcJ&Sdonf[lvnf; aumif; ,lygu ]]tw}} onf 0ifvm\/ ]]tw}} 0ifvmygu BudKufESifhrBudKuf ESpfrsdK;wGif wpfrsdK; rsdK;onf rvGJraoGjzpfrnfxif\/ xdktcg pdwf udk udavomu aESmifzGJU onfrnf\/ tb,haMumifqaomf BuKd ujf cif;ESirBuKd ujf cif;ESprsKd ; vH;k u f h kd hf f udavomrsm;jzpfaeMuaomaMumifh jzpfyg\/ pd w f [ l o nf a'otm;jzih f j zpf a p? umvtm;jzih f j zpf a p ta0;Bu;D odYk oGm;Edionf qdaomfvnf; pdwu wu,fwrf;ta0;Bu;D odYk k f k f oGm;onfr[kwf/ pdwfu ['[,0wKkyfom rDSaeNyD; ta0;BuD;u tmH k r sm;u pd w f o d k Y vma&muf x if j cif ; omjzpf \ / oabmud k 0dyemr*if (5) yg;wdtm; tm;aumif;onf ESitrQ jyufjyufxifxif Yk fh jrifvmrnfjzpf\/ 0dyemr*if (5)yg; tm;aumif;zdkYom ta&;BuD;\/ pdwfonf tmHkESihfwuG jzpfysufaeonfudk trSeftwdkif;jrifvmzdkYu aocsm\/ xdojYkd rifvmatmif oDv&Szvnf; vd\/ oDv&SrS orm"d&\/ k d Ykd k d dS orm"d&SdrS ynm &Sd\/ oDv orm"d ynmwdkY jynhfpHkvmonfESihf trQ tmHkESifhwuGaom pdwf\jzpfysufyHkudk jrifvmrnfjzpf\/ pdwf\ jzpfysufudkjrifvQif kyf\jzpfysufudkvnf;jrif\/ tm;vHk;\ jzpfysufudk jrif\/ aemufqHk; kyf emrf "r ocFg& w&m;tm;vHk;wdkY\ ukefqHk;&m edAmefudk jrifavawmh\/ odkYtqihfqihfjrifatmif tm;xkwfjcif; onfyifvQif pdwuapmifa&Smuf jcif; rnfay\/ udavomrsm;rS pdwukd f kd h f vGwf ajrmufatmifxm;jcif;vnf; rnf\/ rm&frif;\ taESmiftzGJUrS vGwfajrmufonfvnf;rnf\/ a'oemawmfudk emMum;&aomtcg wlawmf oHC&udw

&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;oDwif;oHk;awmfrl&m bkef;awmfBuD; ausmif;y&d,wdpmoifwdkufrsm;ESihf omoemhEG,f0ifoDv&Sifrsm; oDwif; oHk;Mu&m ausmif;ocFrf;rsm;odkY a&&SnfvSL'gef;axmufyHhvsuf&Sdaom ypnf;av;yg; 'g,dumr &S,f&D*sufqifu ,if;ausmif;wdkufrsm;ESihf pyf vsOf;&Sif;vif;ajymqdk&mwGif ]bmyJajymajym trsdK;orD;tcsif;csif;qdk awmh ajymvdkYqdkvdkYaumif;MuwmaygY/ udk,fa&;udk,fwm udp&yfuav; awGrSmvJ usKyfwdkYtcsif;csif; yGihfyGihfvif;vif; aqG;aEG;wdkifyifvdk&Muwm aygY/ txl;ojzihf trsKd;orD;awG BuHKawGUMuavh&SdwJh rdef;rom;udprsKd; awGutp oDv&Sifq&mBuD;awGxHrS tBuHaumif; Pfaumif;awG u tp oDv&Sifq&mBuD;awGxHrS tBuHaumif;Pfaumif;awG &Ekdif Muygw,f} [k &S,f&D*sufqifuajymqdkonf/
Yennie Tan, another supporter of both pleaces, says she likes to come to Dhammasara because here she can offer more service to the nuns. "With monks, it's very limited as to what we can do for them. But with nuns, I can do things like drive them places. And them in the car, we can talk more informally. I can relate to them more easily and feel comfortable, because women are more sensitive."

&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;\ bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;rsm;ESifh oDv&Sif q&mBuD;rsm;\ ausmif;ocFrf;ESpf&yfpvHk;odkY tNrJwrf; axmufyHhvSL'gef; aeaom tjcm;tvSLU'g,dumrwpfOD;jzpfonfh ,if;Ekdifwef qdkol trsKd;

TALKS ON THE DHAMMA

"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ orD;uajymqdk&Sif;jy&mwGif olraejzihf "rom&oDv&Sifrsm;\ awm& ausmif;ocFrf;rsm;odkYvm&ef ydkrdkESpfNcdKufonf[kqdkavonf/ tb,f aMumihfqdkaomf oDv&Sifrsm;twGuf trSefwu,f vdktyfonfrsm;udk txda&mufqHk;ay;tyfvSL'gef;EkdifaomaMumihfjzpfonf[kqdkav onf/ ]]&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;tzdt&mrSm vdtyfaewmawGu tuefY Yk k towf e J Y eJ e J y g;yg;yJ & S d M uwmjzpf v d k Y u Ref r wd k Y t aeeJ Y tvG , f w ul jznfqnf;ay;vSLEkiMf uygw,f/ odaomf oDv&Sirsm;twGuqygu olwYkd h d Yk f f kd tvdkqE&SdMuonhf ae&mXmersm;odkY a&muf&SdMu&atmif armfawmfum; wpfpD;udkarmif;ESifNyD; ydkYaqmifay;vdkufMu&ovdk um;xJrSm twlwl&Sdae MucdkufrSmvnf; wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf &if;ESD;yGifhvif;pGm ajymqdkquf qHoGm;vdkY&&SdMurSmjzpfygw,f/ uRefrtaeeJY tJ'Dvdk wpfOD;eJYwpfOD; qufpyf ywfoufvmwmeJYtrQ em;vnfcGihfvTwfvmatmifvnf; vkyfaqmifEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f/ wpfOD;tay: wpfOD;u tJ'Dvdk em;vnfcGihf vTwfvmEkdif&muae wqihfwufvdkY pdwfvufcsrf;ompGm &SdMuap&ef twGufvnf; ESpfodrfhcHpm;rIawGudk tvG,fwul jyKpkay;Ekdifr,fvdkY ,HkMunfygw,mf/ bmaMumihfvJqdkawmhum uRefrwdkY[m rdef;rom;awG jzpfaeMuwJhtwGuf olwpfyg;&JU cHpm;csufudk rxkwfazmfrajymMum;yJeJY tvdkvdk od&Sdem;vnfEkdifpGrf;&SdMuvdkYyJjzpfygw,f/}
In fact, in some ways men also find it easier to talk to nuns, even despite the requirement to have a female chaperone when speaking to a nun, just as womem must have a male chaperone when speaking to a monk.

19

xm0& &ifwGif;utar
0if ; Ed k i f O D ; ([oF m w) 1/ udk;vvG,f? q,fvzGm;? oaEom;pwnf? taetpm; owdxm;&onfayhg/ tarhom;b0jynhfpHkuse vlYb0jzpfzdkY/ 2/ qif;&Jrtzefzef? ylpyfiefa&Smif&m;? &ifrmaqmifv,xm;? I S S G f om;uav;udk? tom;ay;zdkY? tm;aq;awGvnf;? pm;cJh&wJhtar/ 3/ udk,f0ef&ihfjyefawmh? tvdkvdkyiftihfaewJh0rf;Adkufudk? xrf;yduae&wJ?h om;aZm'kutjcm;aom'kuawGeYJ rwlwrlcpm;ae&wJh k f H tar/ 4/ jrwfpaExrm? rjywfa`Erepmjzih?f rvyftcsecg? Burf d H S S f G d f d Budrfzefzef awmif;qkyefay;yHku? t*FgpHkom;av;jzpfygapwJhav? arQmawG; wJhtar/ f 5/ arG;cgeD;jyefawmhvJ? tawG;urmBuD;xJ a00JNyD;aeyHku? arG;vmwJhom;oufvsmav;? toufuav;rS ygvmyhgrvm;qdkNyD;? &wuf rat; arwmtoufaoG; yufzsef;ay;aewJhtar/ 6/ t&Sufw&m;udkpaw;rvGJ? toufrsm;udktay;&JNyD;? rqJ arwmarG;vsuf? om;twGuftm;wufcJh&wJhtar/ 7/ t&G , f E k v S ? ,k , axG ; yd k u f ? arw m vd I u f a oG ; ? EkdYwdkufauR;? aEG;axG;jyKpk? om;vlYb0 jzpfcJh&w,f tar/ 8/ om;twG u f ? tvS r ruf ? yumoeysuf c J h v suf ? b0wouf ay;qufcJh&wJh tar/ 9/ qif;&Jrtaocs?F aomuyifv,fa0 BuKH c&ayr,h?f qH&wJh I hJ k wpfb0rSm? om;b0om tomay;? tm;ay;wJarG;ararwm? vdrmatmif h oifMum;? tjrifrSm;p&m? raumif;rIw&m;udk aygif;pky,f&Sm;? aumif;rI wdk;yGm;? csrf;omrsm;atmif w&m;ay;cJhwJh tar/ ]]aMomf . ..tck a wmh tar&,f } } 10/ toufEke,fayr,hf? jyKjc,fapcJhwJh a&S;oDvuH? taMumif; zefum tcsdefwefvmawmh? wpfBudrfjyefcJh&&SmNyDayhg tar/ 11/ b0wpf y g; wpf c PMum;rS m ? ul ; oG m ;avawmh ? l;oGm;av wJh? trdrJhom;b0[m ]]a&enf;ig;yrm}} rcsd&ufpGm? aomuw&m; cHpm; ae&pfcJh&w,f tar/ 12/ arwma&SUxm;? om;udkrSmxm;wJh? tarhpum;awGudk? &ifrSm rSwfom;? usihfaqmifoGm;yhgr,fvdkY? wrvGefajymif;oGm;? tarhem;xH uwd cHvkdufygw,f tar/ 13/ trsm;wumawG ? om;a&S U rS m tarac:awmh ? tarac:r& wJh om;b0? oufaojyp&mr&Sdayr,hf? rsuf&nfptwd 0rf;enf;aerdwm? oufqHk;xdjzpf&rSmyg tar/ 14/ tarr&Swom;b0[m? tajzr&SwhJ ykpmtwdyg/ tajz d hJ d nSumMunhawmh ]]aexdwyef;yrm}} EGr;f vsacG,i?f vGr;f r&ajzrqnfEif d f hJ kd kd jzpfae&NyD tar/ 15/ txD;usef tusnf;wefb0orm;ayrdkY? tvSw&m;awG wefqmqifayrJh? tusnf;weftcsnf;tESD;b0ESihf? tylrD;jyif;cwJh &ifwGif; aomuawG[m? ajymjyr&atmif avmifuRrf;qJyg tar/ 16/ tar&JUqHk;rpum;awG? toHk;csapzdkY? NyHK;jyoifay;wJh tarhrsuEm? tarhpum;awGukd om;&ifrm? vduemusio;kH &if;? tEdi;f rJh f S S k f fh I *kPf&Sif arG;rdcifudk OD;wifvkdufygonf tar/ 0if ; Ed k i f O D ; ([oF m w)

wu,fwef;tm;jzihf ajym&rnfqdkygvQif oDv&Sifq&mBuD; q&mav;rsm;ESihf pum;pjrnfajymqdkcGihf&&Sd&efrSm a,musfm;om;rsm; taejzihf tvGefyifcufcJvSayonf/ ,if;oDv&Sifrsm;ESihf tu,f ta&;wBuD ; ajymqd k p &m taMumif ; ud p r sm;&S d v monf h w d k i f a tmif ,if;oDv&Sirsm;tyg;rS tNrwrf; vduygapmiha&Smufvsu&aom rde;f r f J k f f f dS azmf(txde;f awmf)rsm;rS Mum;cH ajymqdMk u&onf/ xdtwl oDv&Sirsm; f Yk f uvnf; &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;tm; ajymqdkavQmufxm;p&mtaMumif; udprsm;&Sdonfqdkyguvnf; &[ef;oHCmawmfwdkYtyg;rS tNrJwrf; apmiha&Smufvuygvmonf a,musm;azmf(uyd,)rsm;udk Mum;cHxm; f kd f f ajymqdkavQmufxm;Mu&avonf/
Ajahn Vayama obseved, 'Many men feel they can speak about more personal and emotional issues with us. Pharaps they don't want to be seen as 'soft' with monks, but they don't mind exposing that side of themselves with a female teacher."

]]a,musfm;om; 'umtrsm;pkwdkY[m olwdkY&JU yk*dKvfa&;qdkif&m jyemuav;awGeJY pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIjyif;xefpGm jzpfapwJh &ifwGif;cHpm; csufawGeJY ywfoufvdkY usKyfwdkYvdk oDv&Sifq&mBuD; q&mav;awGeJY awGUqHajymqdaqG;aEG;vdMk uw,f/ tJ'vkd El;nHorarGUcsKNd rewhJ taMumif; k k D h d f d f udp&yfawGeJY ywfoufvdkY olwdkYvdk a,musfm;om;csif;jzpfMuwJh &[ef; oHCmawmfawGeJYusawmh olwdkYu awGUqHkwifjyvdkpdwf r&SdMubl;vdkYxif w,f/ tJ'Dvdk &ifwGif;cHpm;csufawGudk yGihfyGihfvif;vif; wenf;tm;jzihf vltrsm;Mum;odoGm;vdkY tkwfatmfaomif;eif;jzpfoGm;rSmudkvJ rvdkvm; MuwJh twGuf udk,fcsif;pmem em;vnfrI&Sd&Sd EIwfvHkwwfMuwJh usKyfwdkY rdef;rom; oDv&SifawGxHrSmom tefxkwfcsifMuwmvJjzpfEkdifr,fxif w,f/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) "r0D&-oEm tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&m0g'Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f ? &ef u k e f /

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
0dureedAmef/ / 0dureedAmefqonfum; r[*Kwpsmefw&m;wkonf dk f Yd tMuifw&m;wkdYukd a0;pGmuGmonfukdjyK y,f&Sm;tyfukef\/ xkdw&m; wkdY\ t&SnftMumtm;jzifh tjzpfNidrf;rIukd ]]0dureedAmef}} qkdownf;/ 0dureAmef\ tjym;ukd e0edygwf t*FwK &ygVdawmfudk tpOfavsmuf d d f ywfojzifh odtyf\/ oE|uH edAmeH oE|uH edAmeEd tm0kaom 0kpw?d udwm0wm d d d d Ekacg tm0kaom oEd|duH edAmeH 0kwH b*0wm wd/ "m0kaom bduK 0d0dap0 umar[d 0d0dp tukoav[d "ar[d o0dwuH o0dpm&H 0da0uZH yDwd okcH yXrH psmeH OyorZ 0d[&wd? {wm0wm yd acg tm0kaom oEd|duH edAmeH 0kwH b*0wm y&d,ma,emwd/ tm0kaom? ihgt&Si/ oE|uH edAmeH oE|uH edAmeE?d oE|u f d d d d d d edAmef oE|uedAmef[/ y@daw[d? ynm&Swonf/ 0kpw?d trsm;ajym d d l d Ykd qdktyf\/ tm0kaom- igh&i/ udwm0wm? tb,frQavmufaom Nir;f jcif; S f d jzihf/ b*0wm? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf/ oEd|duH edAmeH? oEd|du edAmefudk/ 0kwH Ekacg? a[mawmfrltyfoenf;/ wd? odkY/ ykpd? t&Sif tmeEmrax&ftm; t&Sifr[maum|durax&fu ar;av\/ tm0kaom? ihg&Si/ "? omoemawmf/ bduK ? &[ef;onf/ f umar[d? 0wKumr? udavoumrwdr?S 0d0ap0? qdwuif;omvQi/ Yk d f f tukoav[d "ar[?d tukov"rwr/ 0d0ap0? qdwuif;omvQi/ kd f Ykd S d f f o0dwu?H 0dwufEiwuGaom/ o0dpm&H? 0dpm&ESiwuGaom/ 0da0uZH S hf hf yDwoc?H 0da0uaMumifjh zpfaom yDw?d okc&Saom/ yXrHpsmeH? yxrpsmef d k d udk/ OyorZ? jynfhpHkap/ 0d[&wd? aeay\/ tm0kaom? igh&Sif/ acg? pifppf/ {wm0wmyd? rQavmufaom 0wKumr? udavoumr tukov"rw\ csKyNf ir;f jcif;jzihvnf;/ b*0awm? jrwfpmbk&m;onf/ kd f Ykd d f G y&d,ma,e? y&d,m,ftm;jzihf/ oEd|duH edAmeH? oEd|du edAmefudk/ 0kwH a[mawmfrlay\/ wd? odkYajzav\/ 1/ y&dedAmefrpHrD rdrdudk,fcEmwGif udk,fawGU'd| awGUBuHK&aomedAmefudk
Vikkhambhana nibbana Mahaggata jha nas drive away and dispell some dhammas. The appeasement of those dhammas from apperaing for a long time is called vikkhambhana nibbana. The number of -na should be understood through reading this vikkhambhana nibba - anguttara navaka nipata pali text. . . - . sandit.t.hikam nibbanam sandit.t.hikam nibbananti . - avuso vuccati, kittavata nukho avuso sandit.t.hikam nibbanam . -tati. vuttam bhagava idhavuso bhikkhu vivicceva kamehi vivicca akusalehi . . . . dhammehi savitakkam savicaram vivekajam pi ti sukham pathamam -vatapi kho avuso sanditthikam jhanam upasampajja viharati, etta . - nibbanam vuttam bhagavata pariyayenati. -vuso a = Brothern, pantitehi vuccati = the wise say much sandit. t. hika - . nibba na sandittika nibba nna, sandit.t.ikam nibbanam . -nam sandit.t.ikam nibba avuso = brothern, - kittavata = by how much appeasement bhagavata vuttam = did the Buddha say sanditthika nibbana? nukho . sandit. t. hikam = said the Ven. Maha kotthika to the . -nam iti pucchi nibba Ven. Anan-da. avuso = Brothern, idha bhikkhu = the bhikkhu in the teachings of the Buddha, vivicca eva kamehi = being just devoid of objective and subjective sensualities vivicca eva akusalehi dhammehi = just devoid of evil thoughts . . pathamam jhanam = enters upon and abides in the first jhana, upasampajja viharati . - . savitakkam savicaram = which is accompanied by initial application and sustained application of the mind. . . vivekajam p1tisukham = and filled with rapture and happiness, born of detachment. avuso kho = brothern, indeed - etavatapi = by the appeasement of the bhagavata objective and subjective sensualities, too, . pariyayena vuttam = the Buddha said in a way . sandit.t.hikam nibbanam = sandittikanibbana

(Nibbana Di pan

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
]]oE|uedAmef}} qdonf/ aemuf aemufpsmefw t"dym,frQuom xkwjf y d d k Ykd kd tH/ h 2/ 'kwd,psmefudk0ifpm;aom yk*dKvftm; 0dwuf? 0dpm&wdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI onf ]]oEd|duedAmef}} rnf\/ 3/ wwd,psmefukd 0ifpm;aomyk*Kd vtm; yDw\csKyNf ir;f rIonf ]]oE|u f d d d d edAmef}} rnf\/ 4/ pwkwpsmefudk0ifpm;aomyk*dKvftm; okca0'em\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf ]]oEd|du edAmef}} rnf\/ 5/ tmumomem,wpsmefu0ifpm;aom yk*Kd vtm; y#dConmwd\ kd f Yk csKyfNidrf;rI? emewonmwdkY\ uif;uGmrIonf ]]oEd|duedAmef}} rnf\/ 6/ 0dnmPm,wepsmefukd 0ifpm;aomyk*Kd vtm; tmumomem,we f onm\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf ]]oEd|duedAmef}} rnf\/ 7/ tmudnm,wepsmefudk 0ifpm;aomyk*dKvftm; 0dnmem,we onm\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf ]]oEd|duedAmef}} rnf\/ 8/ ae0onm emonm,wepsmefukd 0ifpm;aomyk*Kd vtm; tmudnm f ,weonm\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf ]]oEd|duedAmef}} rnf\/ r[*Kwformywf 8 yg;jzihfNyD;aom edAmef 8 yg;rSm tNyD; csKyfNidrf;aom r[medAmefBuD;r[kwf? umv&SnfMumuif;uGmHkrQom csKyfNidrf;rIjzpfay y&d,m,fedAmefqdkownf;/ yke p y&H tm0kaom bduK ae0onmemonm,weH or wdur onma0',dw eda&m"H OyorZ 0d[&wd? ynm,m 'doGm tmo0g y&duDPm a[mEd? {wm0wm acg tm0kaom oEd|duH edAmeH 0kwH b*0wm edy&d,ma,emwd/ / (tqHk;0gus/) tm0kaom? igh&Sif/ ykep&H? xdkrSwpfyg;wHk/ bduK &[ef;onf/ ae0onmemonm,weH? ae0onmemonm,wepsmefu/ orwdu kd r? aumif;pGmvGef/ onma0',dweda&m"H? onm? a0'emwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;udk/ OyorZ? jynhfpHkap/ 0d[&wd? aeay\/ t? xdkyk*dKvftm;/ ynm,p? ynmjzihfvnf;/ 'doGm? tvif;udkodjrif/ tmo0g? tmoa0gw&m;wdonf/ y&duPm? t<uif;tuser&Sd ukecef; Yk D f f csKyfNidrf;ukefonf/ a[mEd? jzpfukef\/ tm0kaom? igh&Sif/ acg? pifppf/ {wm0wm? rQavmufaomcsKyfNidrf;jcif;tm;jzihf/ oEd|duHedAmeH?
iti = said the Ven. Ananda. -ba experienced with his body before the 1. The nibba attainmemt to parinibbana is called sadit.t.hika nibbana. In the -nas the meaning only will be shown. next jha 2. For the person who enters upon and abides in the second jhana. cessation of intial application and sustained application of the mind (vitakka vicara) is the sanditthika nibbana. 3. For the person who enters upon and abides in the third jhana, the cessation of pi ti-rapture is sanditthika nibbana. 4. For the person who enters upon and abides in the fourth jhana, the cessation of pleasant feeling is called sanditthika nibba na. - - 5. For the person who enters upon and abides in the akasa ~anca yatana jhana, the cessation of hatred perception and the n devoid of various perecptions is called sanditthika nibbana. 6. For the person who enters upon and abides in the vi~ ~a nn ~ - - - ~ nan ca yatana jhana, the cessation of akasanan cayatana sa~ ~a nn perception is the sanditthika nibbana. 7. For the person who enters upon and abides in the ~ ~ ~~ ~akin can n a ytana jhana, the cessation of vin n anan-cayatana ~n a perception is the sanditthika nibbana. ~san 8. For the person who enters upon and abidees in the ~ ~- - ~ ~~ ~nevasan n ana san n ayatana jhana, the cessation of akiacan n a ~n a is sanditthika nibbana. ~yatana san These eight nibbanas attained through these eight -patti attainments are not complete cessation, the mahaggata sama mahanibbana; they cease for along time only and they are called -ya nibbanas in another way. pariya ~ ~- - ~ ~punacaparam avuso bhikkhu nevasan n ana-san n a ~n avedayita nirodham uppasampajja ~yatanam sama-tikkamma san ~ ~- - - viharati, pan n ayaca ssa disva asava parikkhina honti, ettavata -vuso sanditthikam nibbanam vuttam bhagavata nippariya kho a yenati. [The last sentence] punacaparam avuso =Moreover, brethren, bhikkhu =the bhikkhu, ~ ~- - ~ ~nevasan n anasan n ayaatanam=having overcome the ~ ~- - samatikkamma nevasan n anasanna yatana jhana, -vedayitanirodham =enters upon and abides in the sanna upasampajja viharati complete cessation of perception and sensation

by

LEDI SAYADAW

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ionf/

assa ~ ~pan n ayaca ayacava asava parikkhina honti avuso kho ettavata =For that person =seeing clearly with the knowledge too. =the asava fluxions cease forever without remaining anything =brethrem,indeed =by the cessation appeasement of these asava fluxions =the Buddha said certainly

oEd|du edAmefudk/ 0kwH? a[mawmfrltyfay\/ wd? odkYajzay\/ (teuf/) tqH;k 0gus eda&m"ormywfonfvnf; rkcs oE|uedAmef d d wpfyg;? t&[wr*fodkY a&mufaomtcg udavomtmoa0gwdkY\ t<uif;tuser&Suecef;csKyNf ir;f jcif;onfvnf; rkcs oE|u edAmefwpfyg;? f d k f d d d odkY edAmef (2) yg;jzpfygjim;aomfvnf; oOyg'daoo rkcsedAmef tae tm;jzihf wpfcwnf;jzpfonfEihf oE|uedAmefwpfyg;xm; edAmeftjym; k S d d (9) yg;vmayonf/ 'k w d , ok w f / / 'kwd,okwf oEd|duo'grygbJ ]]edAmefeH edAmeEd tm0kaom 0kpwd? udwm0wm Ek acg tm0kaom edAmeH 0kwH b*0wm wd? "m0kawm bduK 0d0dap0 umar[d 0d0dptukoav[d "ar[d}} tp&Sdonfjzihf yxrokwftwdkif; edAmef (9) yg;&Sdvm\/ wwd , ok w f / / xdkYtwl wwd,okwfvnf; ]]w'*FedAmeH w'*FeAmeEd tm0kaom 0kpw}d } tp&Sonfjzihf w'*FeAmef[aom trnf d d d l jzihf edAmef (9) yg; vm\/ pwk w o k w f / / pwkwokwf ]]'d|"redAmeH 'd|"redAmeEd tm0kaom0kpwd}} tp&Sdonfjzihf 'd|"redAmef[laomtrnfESihf edAmef (9) yg;vm\/ y r ok w f / / y r ok w f ]]acry a wm acry a w m wd tm0kaom 0kpwd}} tp&Sdonfjzihf acr[laomtrnfjzihf edAmef (9) yg; vm\/ q|ok w f / / q|okwf ]]acryawmwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}} tp&SonfjziheAmefoa&mufaomyk*Kd vukd y"mejyK edAmef (9) yg;vm d f d Ykd f \/ ow r ok w f / / owrokwf ]]trwEd tm0kaom 0kpwd}} tp&Sdonfjzihf trw[laomtrnfjzihf edAmef (9) yg;vm\/ t|rok w f / / t|rokwf ]]trwH yawm trwH yawm[d tm0kaom0kpwd}} tp&Sdonfjzihf edAmefa&mufaomyk*dKvfudk y"mejyK edAmef (9) yg;vm\/ e0rok w f / / e0rokwf ]]tb,H tb,Ed tm0kaom 0kpwd}} tp&Sdonfjzihf tb,[laomtrnfjzihf edAmef (9) yg;vm\/ 'orok w f / / 'orokw ]]tb,H yawm tb,H yawmwd f tm0kaom 0kpwd}} tp&Sdonfjzihf edAmefodkYa&mufukefaom yk*dKvfudk y"mejyK edAmef (9) yg;vm\/ f d {um'orok w f / / {um'orokw ]]y'wd tm0kaom 0kpwd}} tp&Sdonfjzihf eda&m"[laomtrnfjzihf edAmef (9) yg;vm\/ 'G g 'orok w f / / 'Gg'orokwf ]]eda&m" eda&ma"mwd tm0k aom0kpwd}} tp&Sdonfjzihf eda&m"[laomtrnfjzihf edAmef (9) yg;vm \/ aw&orok w f / / aw&orokwf ]]tEkykAeda&ma"m tEkykAeda&ma"mwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}} tp&Sdonfjzihf tEkykAeda&m" [laomtrnfESihf edAmef (9) yg;vm\/ okwaygif; (13)? edAmefaygif; (117)? xdk (117) yg;aom edAmef f wdkY 0dure edAmef (104)? orkap'edAmef (13)/ 0dureedAmef (104) onf jA[mhjynfrSm xm0&&Sd\/ vlYjynf? ewfjynfrSm psmevmbDyk*dKvfwdkYom&Sd\/ (um; 0d u r e ed A m ef w nf ; /) (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

bhagava nippariyayena vuttam sanditthikam nibbanam =sanditthikanibbana sanditthikam nibbanam =sanditthikanibbana iti =said the Ven.Ananda In the last sentence nirodha samapatti is also mukhya sandittika nibbana, one: and on attaining arahatta magga the complete cessation of defilements asavas without remaining -savas is also mukhya sanditthika nibbana is one; anything of a -na in the sense thus even though there come to be two, the nibba of saupadisesa mukhya nibbana being one only, altogether come to be nine. . Second sutta_____In the second sutta 'nibbanam nibbananti a . . vuso vucca ti kittavata nukho a vuso nibba nam , vuttam -vuso bhikku vivicceva kamehi vivicca akusalehi bhagavatati, idha dhammehi" etc., without the term 'sanditthika', there come nine nibbanas just as stated in the first sutia. Third sutta_____Similary in the third sutta, too. 'tadanga anibbanam tadanganibbananti avuso vuccat' etc. there come nine nibbanas in terms of tadanga nibbana. Fourth sutta____In the fouth sutta, "ditthadhamma nibbanam ditthadhamma nibbananti avuso vuccati" etc. there come nine nibbanas in terms of dittha dhamma nibbana. Fifth sutta____In the fifth sutta, "khemam khemanti avuso -nas in terms of khanan. vuccati" etc., there come nine nibba Sixth sutta___In the sixth sutta "khemappatto khemappattoti a vuso vuccati etc., there come nine nibanas especially meant for them who have already attained to nibbana. Seventh sutta___In the seventh sutta "amatain umatanti avuso . vuccati" etc., there come nine nibbanas in terms of amatam . . . Eighth sutta____In the eighth sutta "amatam patto amatam pattoti avuso vuccati" etc., there come nine nibbanas especially meant for them who have already attained to nibbana. . Nineth sutta____In the nineth sutta, "abhayaim abhayanti avuso -nas in terms of abhaya. vuccati" etc., there come nine nibba . . Tenth sutta___In the tenth sutta, "abhayam patto abhayam pattoti avuso vuccati" etc., there come nine nibbanas especially meant for them who have already attained to nibbana. Eleventh sutta___In the eleventh sutta, "passaddhi passaddhiti avuso vuccati" etc., there come nine nibbanas in terms of passaddhi. Tweleveth sutta___In the tweleth sutta, "nirodho norodhiti avuso vuccati" etc., there come nine nibbanas in terms of nirodha. Thirteenth sutta___In the thirteenth sutta, "anupubbanirodho anupubbanirodhoti avuso vuccati" etc., there come nine nibba nas in the terms of anupubbanirodha. Number of suttas 13; nibba nas 117, of which vikkhambhana nibbana 104 and samuccheda nibbana 13. -nas always exist in brahama 104 vikkhambhabna nibba abodes; where as in human and deva abodes they exist only in them who have already practised jhanas. [This is vikkhambhana nibbana] (To be contine)

SPECIAL FEATURE OF THE WEEKS

"r0D&onf Ak'\ax&0g' "rw&m;tppfxGef;um;&ef jzpfonf/

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oHCmESihfyk*dKvf cGJjcm;MunfndKwwfaom yk*dKvfxl;rsm;

armifxdef0if; (opfawm)

oH C mES i h f y k * d K vf oHCmonf oDv? orm"d? ynm&Sdaom ykxkZOfyk*dKvf/ oDv? orm"d? ynm? 0drkwd? 0drkwdP'e&Sdaom t&d,myk*dKvf? todef; toef;csD&SdMuaom &[ef;? omraPtpktaygif;BuD;jzpfavonf/ yk*Kd vum; ykxZOfy*Kd v?f t&d,myk*Kd v&pa,mufwwif tusKH ; f k k f S f Ykd G 0ifaom &[ef;omraPwpfyg;yg;jzpfonf/ oHCm[kqdkygvQif tusihf aumif;aom yk*dKvftpkta0;BuD;jzpfonf/ yk*dKvfqdkvQif tusihfaumif; t&d,m? tusihfaumif;raumif; ykxkZOfwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ oHCmqdk vQif taumif;toefYtxl;tjrwf/ yk*dKvfqdkvQif aumif;raumif;? oefYroefY? xl;rxl;? ta&mtaESm/ oHCmqdkvQif a&T'*Fg;vSnf;wpfpD; wdkuf/ OyrmqdkygpdkY- yk*dKvfqdkvQif a&Tjym; odkYr[kwf aMu;jym;wpfjym; wnf;[k Oyrmqdk&onf/ oHCmqdkvQif aumif;rIukodkvfrsdK;aph\ v,f,majraumif;tppfjzpfzdkY aocsm\/ yk*dKvfqdkvQif aumif;rIukodkvfrsdK;aph\ v,f,majraumif;? raumif;ESpfrsdK;jzpf? ajraumif;tppfjzpfzdkY&m raocsm/ yk*dKvfonf rdrdwdkYxifonhftwdkif; jzpfcsifrSjzpfrnf/ yk*dKvf\ oDvpaom *kPftif tm;onf enf;\/ om0w d u vl a wG v d k rjzpf M uapES i h f oHCm\*kPtiftm;onfum; Bu;D rm;vS\/ xdaMumihf yk*vd f Yk u 'gexuf oHCdu'geu tusdK;&maxmifru omvGefavonf/ ,ck acwf ,cktcgwGifum;? oHCmxuf yk*dKvfudk ydkMunfndKaeMuonf/ b,f&GmrSmbmay:jyefovJqdk&if cdkNydKovdk wpftHk;tHk;wpfa0ga0gESifh pktHkwwfMuonf/ pm;p&m vSLp&mawG wpfNyHKwpfacgif;pkyHkvSL'gef;Mu avonf/ &Sc;kd yH?k qnf;uyfMuyHrsm;uvnf; jrwfpmbk&m;xHoYkd vma&muf d k G Muukefaom om0wdu vlawGvdkyJ jzpfaeMuonf/ oH C mud k a qG v d k r sd K ;vd k tMunf n d K ayh g qwwf M uonf oHCmqdkvQif olvdk? igvdk? rdwfvdk? aqGvdkoabmxm;MuNyD; tMunftndKayhgqaeMuonf/ aumVm[vudkvkdufcsifMuaom olwdkYum;? *kPftppf? rppf? *kPBf u;D rBu;D cGjJ cm;wwfzYkd tvGevtyfaeMuonf/ oHCmESiy*Kd vwukd f kd fh k f Ykd cGJjcm;MunfndKwwfaomyk*dKvfum; tvGef&Sm;yg;vSonf/ ynmPf tajrmftjrifp;l &SxufjrufztvGevygonf/ oHCmESiy*Kdvx;l wpfa,muf Ykd f dk fh k f taMumif;udk t|uxmq&mu 'udP0db*Fokwf odkYzGifhqdkawmfrl cJhonf/ oH C mES i f h y k * d K vf x l ; wpf a ,muf w d k Y t aMumif ; w&Ha&mtcgu rZdra'o ausmif;'g,umol<u,fwpfOD; onf oHCmrS rJusvmaomoHCmud,pm; &[ef;wpfyg;ay;awmfrMl uyg k f

&ef/ oHCuqGr;f avmif;vSLvdygaMumif;jzihf rdrwukd ud;k uG,&mausmif; d k d Ykd f wkdufrS q&mawmfBuD;xH avQmufxm;owJh/ oH C mppf o H C mrS e f t m; OD ; wd k u f d k u sd K ;vsuf xdktcg oHCmukef rJjym;ygaomrJcGufBuD;xJrS EIduf,lapvQif 'kDv&[ef;rJudk &&SdoGm;av\/ ausmif;'umonf &[ef;um; oHCm\udk,fpm;wnf;/ oHCmwnf;[k? oHCmusa&mufaom o'g apwem BuHhcdkifpGmxm;&SdNyD;vQif ae&mudkaumif;pGmcif;usif; txufrS AdwmefrsufESmusuf rdk;apum? eHYomtcdk;txHkrsm;jzihf ylaZmfxm;av\/ &[ef;<uvmaomtcg tdktaotav;tjrwf&Sdcdk;jcif;? ajcaq;jcif;? ajce,fqDvdrf;jcif; ponfjyK toifhcif;usif;jyifqifxm;aomae&m oDwif;oH;k apNy;D rGejf rwfaomqGr;f cJz,abmZOfwjYkd zihf qufuyfauR;arG; G f av\/ reuf u ES i h f r wl xl ; jcm;vd k Y a eygayh g vm; naecsrf;odkYa&mufaomtcg xdkreufu <uvmcJhaom 'kD v &[ef;onf ausmif;oefY&Sif;a&;jyK&ef 'umxHrS aygufwl;iSm;&rf; vmav\/ tqkdyg ol<u,fu xdkif&mrSrxyJ xdk&[ef;tm; ajcjzihf aumfr aygufw;l uday;av\/ xd&[ef;onf aygufw;l ud, ausmif; k k k l odkY jyefoGm;aomtcg vltrsm;u tHhtm;oihfpGmjzihf odkYajymqdkMuav \/ ]]OD;&D;awmf toifonf eHeufu &[ef;udk txl;dkaopGm qGrf;uyfvSL'gef;cJhygvsuf ,cktcgrSawmh aygufwl;udk rdkraoajcjzihf aumfay;vkdufygwum;? xl;qef;aypG..}} [k ajymqdkMuav\/ reuf u oH C mud k , f p m;rd k Y tav;tjrwf j yK&jcif ; ]]tarmifwdkY? reufu oHCmhudk,fpm;rdkY? oHCmudkMunfndK av;pm;? xdk&[ef;udk tdktaotav;tjrwfjyK&ygw,f/ ,cktcg wGifum; xdk&[ef;onf oHCmudk,fpm;r[kwfygojzihf? yk*dKvfESihfavsmf aom tjyKtrludk jyKvkduf&ygw,f}} [k jyefMum;ajymqdkav\/ jzpfpOf oHCmudk,fpm; 'kDv&[ef;udk oHCmtm;tmHk jyK MunfndKav;jrwfpGm jyKvkduf&\/ oHCmhudk,fpm;r[kwfaomtcg 'kDv&[ef;tm; MunfndKdkaop&m rnfonhftusihfoDvrQr&Sdaom aMumihf? MunfndKp&m dkaop&mrvdktyfawmhay/ xdkYaMumihf rdkrao jyKrIjcif;jzpfav\/ ausmif;'umuJhodkY oHCmESifhyk*dKvfudk cGJjcm;Munf ndKwwfzYkd vdtyfvygaMumif;jzih?f rlvyPmoygVdawmfEihf t|uxmwdYk k S S wGif vm&Sdonfudk udk;wifjytyfygonf/ armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

tpGJtvrf;

b' E e m,uom& (ck d i f y G i f h j zL)

vltrsm; wGifwGifus,fus,f aeYpOf vufqkyfvufukdifjyKokH;pGJaeaom taMumif; t&mwpfckum; tpGJtvrf;yifwnf;/ if;ukd Oyg'gef[vnf; trnfay;Mu k ao;\/ b,forqktmk0wKtrsK;d rsK;d tay:rSm l d H tpJtvrf;&Sae xm;aeMuvQif rnfonftcgrS G d h aumif ; Ek d i f r nf r [k w f [ k a,bl , stm;jzif h ,lqvsuf&SdMu\/ xkdt,ltq tawG;tjrif onf rSefoifhoavmufomrSef\[k okH;oyf& ayrnf/ tb,faMumifh[lrl raumif;aom tpGtvrf;&SaeouJoYdk aumif;aomtpGtvrf; J d h J vnf; &Sdaejcif;aMumifhjzpf\/ avmb (wPSm) jzpfap? 'd|djzpfap a&maESmaygif;pyfum tpJG tvrf;jzpfcJhvQifrl raumif;aomtpGJtvrf; wpfckyif[k rSwf,loifh\/ tukokdvfw&m;qkd; ryg? rsufESmvkdufrIr&Sd? t*wdvkH;0uif;pifNyD; ukokdvfpdwftajccHxm;um aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdaom tpGJtvrf;rsm;rSm aumif;wmawGyif jzpfonf[k 0rf;ompGmvufcHxm;&ayrnf/ onfuyif jrwfA'u ukovqE[k a[mjy dk k awmfrlxm;cJh\/ ykxkZOfvlom;rsm;rSmrl rdrd\ om;? orD ; ? r,m;? cif y G e f ; ES i f h pnf ; prf O p m rsm; tay:wG i f tpG J t vrf ; vk H ; 0uif ; pif z d k Y q k d onfrSm vG,fuljcif;r&Sdygay/ vuf ajcrsm;ukd vufxyf ajcxdyf ponfwjYdk zifh NrNJ rpmwkyaESmif d H G f cHxm;&aomtusOf;om;rSm vGwfajrmuf&ef rvG,fulouJhokdYyifjzpfyg\/

wpf c gaomf tpG J t vrf ; BuD ; ol wpfa,mufudk uk,wiBf uKawGUcJz;l \/ olonf d f dk H h emrusef ; jzpf tvl ; tvJ z sm;emaecsd e f r,m;ES i f h om;orD ; rsm;uk d tem;ac:NyD ; om;orD;rsm;tm; v,f? ,m? uRJ? EGm;rsm;ukd toD ; oD ; a0yk H u scG J a 0ay;\/ r,m;jzpf oltm;rl rif;ukigtvGecspw,f? igaooGm;wJh d f f tcg rif;xyfNyD;tdrfaxmifrjyKygeJY? igh0dnmOfu rif;ukdrcGJrcGm rif;aemufukdtNrJvkdufaerSm[k rsuf&nfvnf&TJ toHroJruGJjzifh tpGJtvrf; BuD;pGm ajymqkdrSmMum;aejcif;aywnf;/ pOf;pm;MunfvQif oHa,mZOfBu;D vSbd h [k xifjrif,lqzG,fjzpfaomfvnf; r,m; tay:rS m pG J v rf ; ES p f o uf j cif ; jzpf a eaom avmb wPSmuvnf;aemufuaeNyD; rcGJrcGm tNrJ w rf ; vk d u f a e\? tjrif r S m ; aMumif h vlonfum; tpGJtvrf;BuD;ol wpfa,muf jzpfom;awmh\/ (Oyg'gef tpGtvrf;qkonfrm G J d S avmbwPSmESifh 'd|dyif) te,fe,ft&yf&yfwivnf; t&uf G f pGJol? zJpGJol? tayGtIyfpGJol ponfjzifh tpGJ tvrf;rsKd;pkH ckHrifolrsm;pGm&SdMu\/ xkdolrsm; onf pD;yGm;ysufjcif;? tdrfaxmifa&; rom,m jcif ; ? trsm;wpf u m\ csOf z wf j zpf a ejcif ; ? ,kHMunf pdwfcsrIrcH&jcif;? tzufrvkyfvdkjcif; ponhf jypf'PfukdcHae&jcif;aMumifh emrnf aumif ; r&/ vl j zpf a omf v nf ; twG i f ; cH pd w f " mwf t k y f q k d ; yk y f o k d ; aejcif ; aMumif h

&SivsuEiaoaeMu olrsm;jzpfaeMuayonf/ f f S hf tpGJtvrf;ruif;bJ aooGm;cJhvQif t"armed&,Haewd [laom a'oemtwkdif; 'k*wboYdk usa&muf&ayrnf/ jrwfA'a'oem d Hk k rsm;wGif(1) b0rsm;pGm i&JuscH&NyD; wpfzef tkd;pk Nyd w m wpf a umif j zpf & jcif ; rS m twd w f b 0 wkef;u tpGJtvrf;BuD;rm;pGm EGm;awGukdowf cJholjzpf\/ (2) cEmukd,fwpfckvkH;rSm tyfoGm;yrm pl;&S xufjrufaomtarT;trQifawGaygufae\/ rMumcPcE m uk d , f r S u Rwf x G u f N yD ; wjcm; t&yfpDvGifhroGm;bJ ukd,fhcEmukd,fay:rSmyJ jyefvnf usa&mufvsuf pl;0ifepfjrKyfjcif; aMumif h tvG e f e musif p G m cH p m;ae&aom olpavmr NywmaumifBu;D onfvnf; twdwf d d b0wkef;u tpGJtvrf;BuD;rm;pGm 0ufowf cJhjcif;aMumifh jzpf\/ (3) cEmukd,frSxGufaom teHYtoufu pl;pl; &S&S ykyfykyfokd;okd; kyf&nflyum,tqif;rSm vnf; tusnf;wefkHru aMumufp&maumif; onfh NydwmrBuD;onf twdwfb0u tpGJ tvrf ; BuD ; cJ h ewf u awmf tk y f q k d ; rBuD ; vkyfpm;cJhvkdYyifwnf;/ (yg&mZduPfygVdawmfrS xkwfEIwfcsuf) (4) uav;utp odMuaom tZmwowfrif; vnf; rif;{u&mZfjzpfvkdaomtpGJtvrf;ESifh crnf;awmf Adrdom&rif;BuD;ukdowf/ avm[ ukrd i&JrS ,cktxdjyefrvGwfao;yg/ (5) &[ef;qkd; &Sifa'0'wfvnf; bk&m;jzpf vkdjcif; tpGJtvrf;trSm;BuD;jzifh jrwfAk'&Sif awmf b k & m;tm; b0oH o &mtquf q uf aemufqkH;b0txd trsKd;rsKd;apmfum;armfum; ki;f ki;f ysys rxDrjhJ rif bufNyKd ir&Satmif jypfrm; d d f d S usL;vGefcJhayonf/ jrwfpGmAk'tm; tao owf&ef ,kwf,kwfrmrmvkyfBuHaqmif&Guf cJz;l \/ ,if;jypfrm;rIrsm;aMumifh &Sia'0'wfBu;D h S f ajrNrKc&Ny;D r[mt0Dpi&Jwif usc&jcif;jzpf\/ d H d G H tbd"rmrSm tmoEuEihf tmpdPuH H S ES p f r sKd ; &S d & m aocgeD ; qJ q J teD ; uyf tcsd e f w k d t wG i f ; jyKvk y f a omud p [ l o rQ tmoEuHrnf\/ touf&SifqJ usef;rma&; aumif ; aecsd e f t&G , f a umif ; aecsd e f r S m rjywfrvyf rMumcPjyKvkyfaeaom vkyfief; aqmifwmrsm;udk tmpdPuH[kac:\/ tmpdPuHukda&SUuxm;NyD; ,if;aemufrS tmoEuHukd xkwfjya[mqkd&ef pmrsuf E S m 36 o k d Y

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"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/

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odrf;xm;aom ZmwdydKvfoD;
pd w ' D y (a&T a wmif O D ; )

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vlom;wkdYemMum;cJh&onfrSm trSefygwum;/ vl o m;wd k Y o nf rd r d w d k Y a umif ; pm; a&;twGuf wd&pmefwdkY\ toufudk rnm wmbJ nO;f qJowfjzwfaeMu\/ uREywteD; fk f Ykd tem;wGiyif om;owfvipifukd vkyuiaeol f kd f f kd f wpfO;D onf oltoufowfjcif;aMumifh ,ckb0 Y wGifyif avjzef;um roGm;Edkif rvmEdkifjzpfae onfukd jrif awG&ygonf/ xduojYkd zpfaejcif;rSm Y k hJ oDvudkcsdK; azmufom jzpfawmh\/ OykofaeYa&mufwdkif; oDwif;oDv aqmufwnfaeMuaom vltvBl u;D taygif;wdYk kd onf rdrdwdkYbmoDvawGaqmufwnfcJhw,fqdk wm rodMuawmh oeyfcg;tazG;om;?a&Tw0if; 0if;?pm;p&mtpHkESifh olrsm;raumif;aMumif; udk,faumif;aMumif;ajymqdk tdrfjyefMuolu rsm;ae\/0dyem bm0emqdwmudk yGm;rsm;Mu k olr&Sdoavmufyif jzpfawmhonfr[kwfavm/ OykofoDvaqmufwnfw,fqdkwm npmrpm;wmud k y if ac:qd k o vd k j zpf a e\/ uREywYkd Ak'bmomtaygif;wdonf wjcm;aom fk f Yk bmomwduor[kw?f bk&m; pum;udk em;axmif Yk hJ Ykd rI t m;enf ; vmMu\/r&S d a om rxd e f ; aom oDvudk taMumif;jyK awmif;pm;aeMuolwdkY rsm;ukefawmh\/&ifav;zG,fyifjzpfawmhonf wum;/ jrefrmAk'bmom[laom olwdkYonf eHeufESifh rdk;csKyfae0ifcsdefudkawmif taumif; tqd k ; cG J j cm;Muonf / eH e uf c if ; ta<u; vmawmif;cH&ygu r*Fvmr&S[owfrwMf u\/ d k S r*Fvmr&SdrSmaMumuf&if ta<u;,lrxm;eJYaygh/ &p&mav;rsm;vmay;&ifawmh r*Fvm&Sdvdkuf wm [k o wf r S w f M u\/trS e f u awmh taMumif;&SdvdkY tusdK;&SdwmygyJ/ae0ifcsdefudk awmh tykyfcsdef[k ac:qdkMuao;\/ rdrwaetdrteD;tem;wGif a&Tjynfp;kd d Ykd f [laomiSufatmfjrnfoHMum;&&if wpfckckawmh &awmhrSmyJ/vkyfief;t00 atmifjrifawmhrSm {uef trS e f y J [ k arQmf v if h a wmih f w Mu\/ tdrfay: vif;wem;wmjrifvdkuf& wJhtcgrSm awmh wpfckckawmh qHk;IH;rIjzpfawmh rSmyJ[k aMumufGHMu\/wd&pmefwdkYobm0 aexdkifrIudk awmif tvGwfray;Muygvm;/ reufvif;NyqwmESihf ESmacgif;jziferf; D kd h SLvdu&aom&eHuyiftaumif;tqd;k cGjJ cm;Mu k f Y kd onf / arT ; ysH U aom &eH Y u d k &&S d v d k u f & if j zif h r*Fvm[k xifrSwfMu\/tykyfeYH&vdkufygu vmbf r aumif ; bl ; qd k u m tarT ; &eH Y u d k awmifhwarQmfvifhMuyg onf/trSefuawmh &eHYqdkwmrsdK;u avoifh&mudk oGm;&wmyg/

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"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/ axmuf y h H v S L 'gef ; jcif ; ud k omoemjyKwmvd k Y ac:w,f / y#d a 0"qd k w J h omoemuawmh rdrwu,wif &SmazGNy;D rS rodouvrf;nTejf cif; d Ykd kd f kd l kd jzpf w ,f / 'gawG u d k r S omoemjyKenf ; trSetuefawGyg/ f txufygenf;twdkif; vSL'gef;wm r[kwfbJ omoemy? omoemr&SdolawGudk vSLaer,fq&if jrwfpmbk&m;&JUtqH;k trawGukd kd G vduemolr[kwwoawGukd vSL'gef;aewmawG k f f hJ l [m 'Ge;f p@m;awG vSLwmeJww,f? [db;kd awmf Y l k udkvSLvdkuf&if ESpfvHk;*Pef;&w,f? 'Dewfudk ewfuEm;ay;vdkuf&if oHk;vHk;xDaygufr,f? [dkr,fawmfujzifh a&Twdk;aiGwdk;atmif rpEdkif w,fqNkd y;D vdcsiawmifwrIawGeYJ vSL'gef;aewJh k f h Ak'bmom0ifawGuawmh b,fvA'bmom0if kd kd k awGvdkY owfrSwfEdkifMurvJ/ Ak'bmom0iftaygif;wdYk pOf;pm;oifh ygNyD? jyKjyifoifhygNyD? jyKrl? aexdkif? tusifhawG aMumifh awmif;pm;olawGjzpfoGm;Edkifw,faemf/ xdkol[mb,fawmhrSrBuD;yGm;ygbl;/ udk,fhcGef ud,tm;eJY BuKd ;pm;MurSom awmif;pm;olb0rS k hf vGwEirmyg/ bd;k awmf? r,fawmf? rdpmt,l&ol f kd f S dS ponfwxH awmif;ae&ifawmh &rSmawmhr[kwf Ykd bl;? &SdwmukefrSmygyJ/ if;wdkYudkvSL'ge;f&ifvJ vdkcsifvdkYvSLwmqdkawmh &wmxufqHk;wmu ydrmygyJ/ k S urmOD;tpuwnf;uyif vlwdkYonf ud,tm;ud,u;kd jcif;tjyif jyifyud;k uG,&mudk k hf k f f &SmcJhMuonf/ ,aeYxufwdkif tm;udk;&m&Sm rNyD;Muao;/ Ak'bmom0ifawGqdkwm bk&m;&JU tqH k ; trawG u d k emcH o l a wG j zpf M uonf / odkYaomf xdkolwdkYonf bk&m;\tqHk;trawmf wdkYudk 'kwd,ae&mxm;\/ wpfjcm; omoem&JU tjyifrS yk*dKvfwdkYudk OD;xdyfxm;olrsm;aeonf/ bk&m;vufxufawmfuyif rpifudk pm;aom 'd|ukd ud;k uG,Mf uao;\/ bmaMumifjh d udk;uG,fovJqdkawmh txl;tqef; aexdkifvdkY ygyJ/ xdou y&dwowfvmwmudjk rifwtcgrSm k l f hJ acgif ; ud k a rmh (yg;pyf u rpif e Y H & rS m pd k ; vd k Y ) ajcwpfzufajrmufNyD;(urmBuD;av;rSmpdk;vdkYyg) avud k p m;aeol y g? vS L xm;wJ h y p n f ; awG u d k xdawmifrxdbl;/ olYtwGuftoHk;r0ifbl;av? qGrf;rSrpm;bJ rpifudkompm;oludk;/ aemufNyD; Am[d,'gkp&d,vdk yk*dKvf awGukd ud;k uG,ao;w,f/ 0wfp&mt0wfr&SvYkd f d opf & G u f ? opf c uf p nf ; ? pm;p&mcG u f r &S d v d k Y ewfpifuajrcGueYJ pm;aewmudk tvdenf;vduf f k k jcif;? rmefrmeenf;w,f? &[EmyJqNkd y;D ud;k uG,f cJhMuwmygyJ/ xdkolwdkYudk udk;uG,f&if tusdK; aus;Zl;awG&awmhrmyJqNkd y;D omoemjyify rdpm S 'd|dwdkYudk udk;uG,fMu\/ tJ'DtvkyfawGudk vkyfaqmifaejcif;[mvnf; p@mvawGygyJ[k bk&m;&Sifa[mawmfrlcJhavonf/ wpfcgu uav;rdcifwpfa,muf[m rdrduav;aeraumif;vkdY aq;q&myifh uko \/ aq;q&mu uav;&JUa&m*g[m ZmwdyK vf d oD;eJYukrS aysmufuif;Ekdifw,f/ ZmwdyKdvfoD; ygrvmvkdY wpfjcm;aq;eJY &oavmufukMunfh r,fqkdNyD; ukaomfvnf; naeaqmif;txd raysmuf b J aocgeD ; qJ v l e mjzpf a vawmh onf / aq;q&mu Zmwd y d K vf o D ; rS r &&if uav;ukd ru,fEkdifawmhbl;? r&Sdblvm;qkdrS uav;rd c if u vk d & r,f & od r f ; xm;wm &Sdw,fqkdNyD; xkwfay; ukorS uav;a&m*g aysmufuif;w,f[k zwfrSwfzl;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY Ak'bmom0ifawGvnf; r*f?zkdvf&Ekdifr,fhtusifhr&SdwJh yk*KdvfawGudk ud k ; uG , f a eMuonf / Zmwd y d K vf o D ; ES i f h u k r S aysmufuif;EkdifrSmukd r&?&&maq;eJYukovkd uk;d uG,&mrSm;aeMuonf/ wu,fa&m*gaysmuf f atmif (tkd em aoab;vGwfatmif) ukEkdifwJh bk&m;&JUtqkH;trawmf? tusifhrSefwkdYukdawmh vk d & r,f & od r f ; xm;wJ h Zmwd y K d v f o D ; vk d j zpf aeonf/ rdrdwkdYarhaewJh bk&m;&JUtqkH;trawG ukd owd&csdefwefygNyD/ trSefwu,fr&EkdifwJh yk * K d v f a wG q D r S m awmif ; raeMuygeJ Y a wmh / rdru,wif BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwcsea&mufaeygNy/ d dk f dk f d f D tES p f c sKyf ajymqk d & vQif j zif h 'Gef;p@m; (p@mv)awGeJY twlwlyJqkdNyD; bk & m;&S i f a [mMum;cJ h j cif ; ygyJ / bmawG u d k jyKvkyf ae&ifvJqkdawmh &wemjrwfokH;yg; ES i f h uH uH \ tusKd ; uk d r ,k H M unf j cif ; ? aumwl[vr*FvmwdkYukd ,kHMunf xkdokdY jyKrlaexkdifjcif;? bk&m;&JU tqkH;trawGukd ypf y ,f N yD ; rd p m 'd | d t ,l & S d o l w k d Y u k d vS L 'gef ; jcif ; ? rd p m 'd | d t ,l & S d o l w k d Y t m; uk d ; uG , f & m tjzpf x m;&S d j cif ; wk d Y y if j zpf o nf / txufygtvkyfig;rsdK;ukd vkyfaqmif aer,fqkd&ifjzifh 'Gef;p@m;awGygyJ/ rdrdwdkY[m b,fvkdvlawGvJ? jrifhjrwfwJhocifawGvm;? edruswhJ olrsm;cki;f wmvky?f ay;auR;wmpm;ae hf d wJh uRef? awmif;pm;olawGvm; ponfjzifh rdru,ujdk yefMunfoifygNy/ ok;H oyfcsewefygNy/ d dk f h h D d f D ukdif;.. pmzwfolwkdYa& a0zefMunfhygOD;/ pma&;oluawmh ukd,fhukdukdjyefMunfhaeygNyD/ od r f ; xm;aomZmwd y K d v f o D ; av;uk d x k w f uk E k d i f M uygap/ pd w ' D y (a&T a wmif O D ; )

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/

27

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28

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eJYwynfhom; oHCmawmfawGukd qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq; ypnf;av;yg;wkdYeJYjyKpkvkyfauR; &if a wmh tjrwf w umh t jrwf q k H ; yJ a ygh / jrwf w ,f q k d w m uk d , f h t wG u f v nf ; jrwf ? ol Y t wG u f v nf ; jrwf / tck v nf ; jrwf ? aemifoo&mrSmvnf;jrwfvYdk oabmayguftyf H ygw,f/ 6/ atmif h a rh j rwf q k d w m b,f v k d [ m ac:ygavoenf ; / jrwf p G m bk & m; wynf h o m;rS m *k P f r sm;od u m atmif h a rh v m ac:ygatmif h a rh tjrwf w nf ; / atmufarhw,f owd&w,fqkdwm vnf; trsKd;rsKd;yJ&Sdygw,f/ ukd,fu Zmwd&yf&Gm eJY a0;aevkYd Zmwd&yf&mukatmifarhowd&wm/ G d h zl;pmrpkc&wJh i,fcspO;D udatmifarhowd&wm/ H hJ f k h oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;cJhzl;wJh ae&ma[mif;av;ukd atmif h a rh o wd & wm pojzif h . .pojzif h atmifarhowd&jcif;awGrsK;d pk/ tJ'gawGxufyNdk y;D h H jrwfwJhatmifharhowd&jcif;uawmh Ak'*kPf? "r*P?f oHCmh*PawGudk atmifarhowd&jcif; k k f h ygyJ/ 'ki;f rGe;f a&;Am; (DIR) oHyef;oHwcg; d H vkyfief;&Sifrsm;jzpfMuwJh OD;vD? a':tifMuif;? orD;tifMuLvDwkdYukd tjrwfqkH;w&m;(6)yg; ajymjyNyD ; tjyef r S m awmh ]]rif ; a&m tjrwfqkH;ukdBudKuf ovm;}} vkdY ukd,fhukd,fukd tzefzefar;cGef;xkwf vmcJhygw,f/ tajzu--]]..........}} ]]..........}} qif ; &J u if ; uG m csrf ; omMuygap t&S i f 0d p d w m vuF m & usrf ; uk d ; "r'lwq&mawmf\ Mo0g'uxmrsm;

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

32

"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ a[haumif pdef[H igurif;taz rif;udkigarG; ay;xm;wm rif;xufjrwfwJh rif;xufomwJh zatuG rif;u igYxufomp&m jrwfp&m r&Sd vdkY igYpum;em;axmif igajymwmudkvkyf} vdkY pdwfqdk;rmefqdk;ESihf ajymqdkowJh/ tJ'DtcgrSm armifpdef[Hu tazu tazqdkwm rSefygw,f/ tazarG;ay;wmuvJ rS e f y gw,f / 'gayr,f h tazu jrwf w ,f omw,fqdkwmudkawmh uRefawmfvufrcHbl; vdkYajymowJh/ tJ'Dtcgusawmh zcifzdk;ukvm;u ydkrdkrauseyf a'gyGNyD; rif;xufigu bmrjrwf wmvJ bmromwmvJvkdY xyfar;owJh/ tJ'D tcg armifpdef[Hu tazom;qdkwm oHk;rsKd;&Sd w,f/ rdbxufomwJhjrwfwJh twdZmwom; rd b ES i h f w ef ; wl j zpf w J h tEk Z mwom;? rd b atmufa&mufwhJ t0Zmwom; tJ'om; (3)rsK;d D xJrSm uRefawmfu bk&m;avmif; od'wwdkYvdk t*om0u om&dykw&m? arm*vmefwdkYvdk tazxuf o mwJ h om;rsKd ; As tazxuf uRef a wmf u avmuD ynmt&m om w,f v k d Y a jymwmvd k Y qif a jcay;awmh zcifuuvm;u atmifrm rif;urEdi;f aumif; kd k I wmeJY oGm;EdIif;NyD; igYudk tEkdif,lcsifao;w,f? [dkyk*dKvfawGu yg&rD&SifawGuG rif;u bmyg& rD&SifvJ? aumif;rIyg&rDr&SdvdkYbJ olaX;rif;xH r0ifpm;bJ v,form;igYxH0ifpm;&wm r[kwf vm;? ,ck igu ausmif;xm;ay;vdkY rif;ynm wwfav;jzpfaewm rif;ursm; igYxufomw,f qdk&ao;vdkY xyfrHajymawmh om;uvJtEkdifrcH taz tazh x uf vl Y b 0rS m omwmawG u d k uRef a wmf a jymjyr,f / taz vl j zpf & wm tazwdYk 'geenf;ao;vdYk tazwdYk ykq;kd wpfxnf oHk;rwfwef 0wf&w,f? uRefawmfwdkYvljzpfp usawmh 'gersm;awmh wefzdk;BuD;wJh ykqdk;wpf xnf ud;k usywefu0wf&w,f/ taz0wf&wm f kd u oH;k rwfwef uReawmf0wf&wm (9)usywef f f tazxuf tqihrjrifb;l vm;? rombl;vm;vdYk f h ajymawmh zatzdk;ukvm;vJ jyefracsyEkdifbJ a'goyGm;NyD; xdkufawmh om;armifpdef[H xGufajy;&owJhuGJU} ,ckvJ armifyndEu ol"rmp&d, wef;av;udk (9)usyfwef ykqdk;xif rdrdxuf odum 0gBuD;wJh OD;yif;awGudk oHk;rwfwefxif NyD;aewmudk;uGJU} [k rdefYMum;&m udk&ifyndEESifh "r m p&d , wef ; pmvd k u f o H C m(3)yg;rS m &,farmMuavawmhonf/ cif o l Z mjrih f

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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33

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

34

"r0D&onf avmuzGHY NzdK;pnfyifa&;twGuf jzpfonf/ ]om;Bu;D rif;uav;awG bmoma&; tay: ouf0if,kHMunfatmifvkyfay;xm;tkH;? a&S m if & r,f h raumif ; rI t uk o k d v f & ,f ? apmifhxdef;&r,fh aumif;rIukokdvf&,f? jzLpif ae&r,fh pdwxm;wwfz&,f vufawGU Oyrm f Ydk ay;NyD; em;0ifatmif&Sif;jyaemf? uav;[m rdbt&dyftuJod&r,f? pkd;&drfaMumufvefYrI enf;yg;&r,f? trSm;trSefcGJjcm;EkdifwJh qifjcif Pf&Sdatmifoifjyxm;&r,f} arwmqkdwm ukd,fhzufwpfjcrf;udk om jzLpifatmifxm;? ay;qyfrItm; aumif; oavmuf wpf z uf u wk e f Y j yef v mrS m aygh ? pepfuswJharwmpdwfudk azmfTef;oifjycJhwJh tar[m ESpfaygif; 70 ausmfMum vlYoufwrf; ukdjzwfoef;cJhNyD;ygNyD/ t&m&mukdarwmpdwfeJY ,SOfNyD; raMumifh rMuaeEkdifwm[m t&ifb0 a[mif ; u yg&rD j znf h c J h v k d Y y J w J h ? aemif b 0 ykdaumif;zkdY twGuf 'Db0vkyfEkdifoavmuf yg&rDykdjznfhxm;&rSmaygh? tarhudkcspfw,f? b0ul ; aumif ; apcsif w ,f q k d & if raocif u 0kdif;ulay;Muyg? tarhpum; em;axmif wm[m rif ; wk d Y b 0ul ; aumif ; zk d Y twG u f vnf ; yg&rD j znf h N yD ; om;jzpf w maygh ? b0wpfckrSm ykxkZOfjzpfcJhr,fqkd&ifawmif tenf ; qk H ; umrwd [ d w f y k * d K vf j zpf a vmuf atmif rS e f ; NyD ; yg&rD j znf h M u&rS m om;wk d Y ? tar[m odjrifxm;wJhw&m;oabmawGukd ukd,fwkdifvnf; qifjcif? om;ajr;rsm;ukdvnf; oifMum;ay;wwfolyg? 'Dw&m;oabmt&yJ tar[m EkysKdpOfrSonf tkdjcif;? emjcif;wkdYudk oufwrf;t&BuKHcJh&ygNyD? rSwfrSwf&& arG;aeYyGJ vk y f c J h w J h t ar[m ol Y & J U aemuf q k H ; tcsd e f u k d BudKodaea&mhovm;? vykdif;avmuftMumrSm wpfaeYu w&m;xkdifae&if; rl;vJvkdYaq;kHwif vkduf&ygw,f/ q&m0ef BuD;awG&JUpum;t& aemufqkH;tcsdefukd &oavmufyJ vk,lEkdifr,f qk d w mod & ygw,f / tck t csd e f x d a wmh wwfEkdifoavmuf aq;0g;av;awGoGif;NyD; touf q uf x m;&wJ h o abmygyJ ? tarh u k d wpfu,fcGJcGm&awmhr,fhtcsdefrSm armifESr awGMum;ajymjzpfwmu igwdkYtar aemufqkH; tcsd e f r S m wk d Y b ,f v k d a us;Zl ; qyf M urvJ qkdwmygyJ? wpfa,mufu ouFef;vSLcsifovkd wpfa,mufu tarhemrnfeJY bmvSLay;csif w,faygh? uRefawmfuawmh tarh&JUaemufqkH; xG u f o uf r S m rvk d t yf w J h w pf p k H w pf & mud k tmkHrpGJ apcsifygbl;? olYvrf;ukdol vGwfvGwf vyfvyfa&G;cs,fapcsifwmyg? r&PmoEaZm apmwJh tcsdefrSm uH? uredrdwf? *wdedrdwfukd vGwvyfpm tmk,EizqNdk y;D ik,yaqG;aewJh f G H l dk f Ydk d dk l rdom;pkawGukd tem;uz,fckdif;xm;cJhwmyg/ ][,f ukdBuD; 'DrSmbmvkyfaewmvJ? tarhem;raebl;vm;} nDrjzpfol0ifvmrS vGifharsmaewJh tawG;awGukd jyefpkpnf;rdygawmhw,f/ ][,fawmf tar tarhukdac:vkdYr& awmhbl; vkyfygtkH;ukdBuD;a&? vkyfygtkH;} olr&JUatmfoHaMumifh tvefYwMum; jzpfoGm;NyD; wm0efusq&mrrsm;ajy;vmum prf;oyfMunfhMu\/ tzGm;u touf&Sdao; w,f? owdvpfaewmygwJh? aemufxyf0if vmwJ h nD a wmf a rmif rd o m;pk a wG a um uRefawmfwkdYawGyg tarhckwifem; 0kdif;tkHvdkuf Muygw,f / tarh t ajctaeod & atmif q&m0ef u k d t aMumif ; Mum; ck d i f ; vk d u f N yD ; tarhukdapmifhMunfhaevkdufygw,f/ tarwdr;f yg;oGm;awmhrmvm;[if? aMomf tar S &,f tarhaus;Zl;ukd qyfr,f[JhvkdYvkyfjyvkduf wkdif; yifv,frSmaysmf0ifwJh rifpufyrmjzpfcJh& ygw,f? b0wpfckudkEIwfqufawmhr,fh tarh twGuf uRefawmfwkdYbmrSrvkyfay;Ekdifawmh bl;vm;? ikwvuik?d ajymwJouajym? om;orD; d hJ l h l ajr;awGMum;rSm taruawmh wnfNidrfpGm owd v pf a rh a rsmaeygw,f / q&mrav;eJ Y uRefawmfu 0ifwm;vkdYr&? ajymr&awmhwmrkdY 'Dtwkdif;xm;cJhNyD; tcef;jyifokdY xGufvmvkduf ygawmhw,f/ vlemaqmif0ef;usifwpf0kduf rSmawmh a&m*grsKd;pkHeJYvlemawGuukwifrsm; tjynfhjrifae&onf/ avmu"H? uHta<u;ESifh &S i f a orif ; ac:&mud k tm;wif ; &if q k d i f aeMuaom 'kuvlom;awGyguvm;/ tJ'D txJ u rS wpf c sKd U [m atmf [ pf a o&r,f ? emusiao&r,f? NyKH ;ao&r,f? rJao&vdrr,f? f h hf aoG;xGuo,eYJ ao&r,f? wGevraumufauG; f H kd Yf d f taMumqGJao&r,f/ aoenf;aygif;pkHxJu wpf r sKd ; rsKd ; eJ Y ao&rS m ygvm;? tu,f igaocJhvQifaum? uJ tck taraocJh&ifaum? tar rsufESmukdkwfw&uf jrifa,mifvkduf csdefrSm acgif;xJ vif;ceJ wpfcsufjzpfoGm;yg w,f / tarh & J U rsuf E S m ? ik d a ewJ h o m;orD ; awGMum;rSm owdvpfaewJhtar? NyHK;kHav;yJ NyHK;aewmyJ? Oayum- {u*wm? uRefawmf odvuygNy/ tkrif;wJwiatmif tyrm'w&m; dk f D d h dk f ukd qkyfukdifxm;wJhtar? owdvpfwm [kwfrS [kwyghrvm;? owd&vkuwm arG;aeY"mwfyHk 3ykH f d f xJuaemufqkH;"mwfykHyg? csufcsif;yJ tarh ckwifem;avQmufoGm;vkdufrdygw,f/ ]a[m a[m rsufvkH;zGifhvmNyD? tar

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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35

aemf? [k;d a&SUrSm jrwfpmbk&m;av? tarvSLcJwhJ G h jrwfpGmbk&m;qif;wkawmfyJ? bk&m;zl;vkdufOD; aemf ? NyD ; &if tarquf o G m ;&OD ; rS m ? tar pd w f a t;vk d u f y gawmh ? at;csrf ; rI a emf ? om;aecJ h a wmh r ,f ? quf o G m ;vk d u f y gtar? om;r&S d a wmh b l ; ? vG w f v yf p G m oG m ; ygawmhtar&,f....} pum;oH&yfvkdufNyD; tarh&JUrsufESm ukdyJ pkdufMunfhaerdwm tarNyKH;vmrvm;vkdY apmifhMunfhaerdwmyg? ywf0ef;usifukdvnf; rod a wmh ? tareJ Y u Ref a wmf ES p f a ,muf x J b,fa&mufaerSef;vJrod? b,favmufMumcJh rSe;f vnf;rodawmhyg? jzwfceJqdk tarhu,v;Hk dk f qwfueJwkefoGm;NyD; EIwfcrf;av;wGefYkHvIyf oGm;w,f/ athceJ BudKUxkd;oHMum;vkdufNyD; vIdufzkdaewJh&iftpkH&yfoGm;wmawGUvkduf&vkdY tvefYwMum; tarhvufukd qkyfukdifrdvkdufyg w,f / oG m ;NyD ? prf ; rd w J h v uf a umuf 0 wf aoG;aMumMum;rSmtarh&JU toufaEG;aEG;ukd twif;vkdufzrf;qGJMunfhw,f/ r&awmhbl;? taraooGm;NyD;vm;[if? &ifxJrSmESajrmNyD; qkdYwwfvmovkdygyJ? tkd tarh&JUrsufESmMunfh ygtkH;/ tarh&JUrsufESmNyKH;aeygvm;? wnfNidrfNyD; NyKH;w,fqkdkHav;wifyg? tar&,f om;wkdYudk cGom;Ny;D ayghtar&,f? oufrhJ tarh&UJ &ifcixJ J G G f wk d ; 0if N yD ; tarh & J U vuf a wG e J Y u Ref a wmh u k d axG;ayGUapvkdufygw,f/ uRefawmf pdwfvTwfcs vk d u f w J h t csd e f r S m 0rf ; yrf ; wenf ; ik d I d u f aerdNyDaygh/ ]tarh&JUvrf;ukd taroGm;ygawmh tar? a&muf&mbkHb0rSm tNyKH;rsufESmav;eJY y#doaE,lEkdifzkdY tarh&JUom;BuD; aus;Zl;qyf vk d u f y gw,f ? tar aumif ; &mok * wd v m; ygapAsm..} aus;Zl;rSwfwrf;/ /arwmokwf? tbd"rm? tar? q&mOD;0if;ausmfESifh oD[Av(OD;odef;aqG) avmu"r & Ek d i f M uygap atmif E k d i f ("r y k H & d y f a zmf )

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

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Meditating in a peaceful all-woman environment
By NISSARA HORAYANGURA, The Bangkok Post, July 28,2009

Uninhibited Monastic Life for Nuns

vlolreD;awm&ckdrSD;aeMuaom oDv&SifBuD;wkd\ b0 h

by Dhamma Vira Thandar, ITBM University, Yangon.

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Lay people also benefit from the woman-oriented teachings the nuns provide. Although the monks monastery has been established for longer, many lay people choose to come to Dhammasara also, or only.

(Continue from last week) In addition, an advantage of learning from a female teacher is that 'she better understands what women's mind are like. She has worked through what I'm working through before," pointed out Sister Seri, one of the nuns.

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