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vIiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywkuf d D d zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufwwm;NrKd e,f? &efueNf rKd /YU H U k zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEav;) zke;f 02-39801

Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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(u) t*F k w & ed u m,f ? pwk u e d y gwf t*FkwdK&f yk*dKvfav;rsdK;udk Ak'bk&m;a[mMum; xm;\/ yk*dKvf (4) rsdK;um;(1) O*g#dwnLyk*dKvf= wpfvHk;wpfyg'tusOf; csKyfrQ a[mjyHkjzihf w&m;xl;&ol (2) 0dywnLyk*Kd v=tus,w0ihcsUJ xGif a[m d f f f Mum;ay;rS w&m;odjrifol (3) ae,syk*dKvf= ,ckvuf&Sdb0wGif tdk;aus aus ta&cef;cef;ravQmhwrf; ZGJvHkYvOm[ jzihf tm;xkwfvQif w&m;xl;&Edkifol (4) y'y&ryk*Kd v= ,ckb0wGium; w&m;xl; f f &zdrjrif? wrvGeumv 'kw,b0usrS "rtod Yk f d xl;&NyD; uRwfwrf;0ifEdkifol wdkYjzpfavonf/ rdrdwdkY b,fyk*dKvftrsdK;tpm; yg0if onfudk pmIolrsm;udk,fwdkifom qHk;jzwfMuyg &ef/ (c) Ak'j rwfpmbk&m; ouf&xif&m;&Sawmf G dS S d rlpOfu w&m;tusOf;a[may;HkrQjzihf tus,f w0ihfodjrifMuaom yk*dKvfrsm; rsm;pGm&SdcJhay onf/ ,if;wdteuf oH,weum,f? cE0*oH Yk k d ,kwf? t&[E0*fvma'oemwdkYudk pHerlem tjzpf a&;om;wifjycsiygonf/ xdt&[E0*f f k wGif okwfaygif; 10 okwf&Sd&m xl;jcm;aom 8 okwfwdkYudk a&G;xkwfwifjyrnfjzpfonf/ ,if; 8 okwfwdkYrSm1/ Oyg'd,rmeokwf? 2/ rnrmeokwf? 3/ tbdeErmeokwf? 4/ tedpokwf? 5/ 'kuokwf 6/ tewokwf 7/ tewed,okwf ESihf 8/ &Zed,oPdwokwf wdkYjzpfay onf/ xl;jcm;yHkrSmokww\yifwiy"meyk*Kd vwonf f Ykd kd f f Ykd omoemh0efxrf;&[ef;awmfwdkYcsnf;jzpfjcif;? Ak'bk&m;tm; w&m;tusOf;rQom a[mawmfrl ygbk&m;..[k awmif;yefavQmufyHk wlnDjcif;? Ak'b&m;&Siu tusO;f rQa[mMum;Ny;D vQiNf y;D jcif; k f ]]odygNyDbk&m;- odygNyDbk&m;}} [k avQmuf x m;csuf w l n D j cif ; rsm; jzpfavonf/ ,aeYacwf Ak'bmom0if wdkYonf vnf; &[ef;oHCmawmf rsm;u oma&;ema&;udp taMumif; t&m tm;avsmf p G m "r a 'oem a[mMum;csD;jrihfrnhftcgrsm;pGmwGif w&m;csD ; jr i h f r nh f t&S i f j rwf ("r uxdu) tm; ]]wdkwdka[myg bk&m;wynhfawmfwdkY {nhfcHp&m? oGm;p&m? vmp&mud p r sm;&S d w&m;r&S n f ygapeJYbk&m;}}[k BudKwifavQmufxm;avh&Sd Muayonf/ ]]t&Sn}f } rBuKd uf ]]twd}k } BuKd uaom f acwfjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif olwdkYBudKufESpfouf aom pG J v ef ; aom Zmwf v rf ; wG J r sm;ud k r l b,favmuf&Snf&Snf apmihfMunhfMuonf/ ZGJebJjzihf tm;cJ MunhfMuonf/ xrif;pm; csdefjzpfaevQif xrif;yef;uef,lvmNyD; pm;&if; MunhfonfudkawGU&onf/ tmHkusa&mufrI? ESpfoufrIjcif;um; uGmjcm;vSygbd/ ,ckazmfjyrnhf&[ef;rSm w&m;twdk BudKujf cif;um; tusO;f rQa[mHjk zihf tus,w0ihf f odjrifEipr;f aom eHywf (1)yk*Kd vjf zpfonhf ]]O*g kd f G #dwnL}} trsKd ;tpm;rsm;jzpfMuaomaMumifwnf;/ h uGmjcm;csufudk pOf;pm;qifjcifawmfrlMuygukef/ (*) tpOftvmtm;jzihqaomf Ak'b&m; f kd k xHawmfrS w&m;"rem,lvdkaomf]]a[mMum;awmfrygbk&m;- rdeawmfrl l Yf ygbk&m;}} [lom omrefavQmufxm;avh &Sd Muayonf/ &[ef;wdkYurl bk&m;&Siftm; tuefYtowfjzihfom awmif;yefavQmufxm; Muavonf/ ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;..awmif;yefyg\/ wynhfawmftm; w&m;tusOf;rQudkom a[m Mum;ay;awmf r l y gbk & m;/ wynh f a wmf o nf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrS tusOf;csKyfw&m;udk Mum;em Ny;D wpfa,mufwnf; qdwNf ir&modom; vHv d f Yk G Yk BudK;ukwf w&m;tm;xkwfygrnfbk&m;}} xdktcg Ak'jrwfpGmonf &[ef;wdkY\

awmif;yefavQmufxm;csuft& wpfyg;vQif w&m;wpfrsdK;pD wpfrsdK;pD tusOf;csKyfa[mMum; awmfrlav&m w&m;Ny;D qH;k onfEiwpfNyKd ieuf S hf f vuftycsvsuf oGuvufpm toD;oD;avQmuf k f D f G xm;Muonfum;]]bke;f awmfBu;D aom jrwfpmbk&m;.. G wynhawmfoygNyb&m;..odygNyb&m;}} [l f d D k D k jzpf\/ (C) &[ef;wdkY\ todPfvsifjref xufjrufMuyHkrSm-t&Sifom&dykwrjzpfrD w&m; xl;w&m;jrwfudk vkduf&Smaeaom Oywd y&dAdkZfESifhwlay\/ Oywdb0jzihf w&m;xl;udk vkuvH d f &SmazGaepOf..wpfaeYaomtcg &mZN*dK[fNrdKU wGif;odkY qGrf;cH<uvmaom t&SiftZdESifh awGUavonf/ (t&SitZdonf Ak'b&m;xH f k rS "rpMumw&m; (opmav;yg;w&m;) udk emMum;&aom y0*Dig;OD;teuf wpfyg;tyg t0ifjzpfonf/) xdktcg Oywdu olYudk w&m;a[myg&ef awmif;yef\/ t&SitZdu ]]igonf &[ef;jyKwm f rMumao;/ w&m;udk rsm;rsm;rodyg}} [k qdkav aomf ]]enf;enf;rsm;rsm; t&SioorQukd tusO;f f d rQom a[mawmfrlyg}} [l awmif;yefav&m t&SiftZdu]]a, "rm a[wkyb0g}} tp&Sdaom *gxmwpfyk'fudk a[mawmfrlvkduf\/ xdktcg Oywdu csufcsif;yif ]]wynhfawmfodygNyD

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/ bk&m;}} [k avQmufav\/ ]]jzpfjzpforQaom w&m;wdkYonf taMumif;udkrSD jzpfukef\/ taMumif;ESiuif;aomw&m; taMumif;rSvwf fh G aomw&m;r&SdaMumif;}} udk csufcsif;oabm aygufoGm;avownf;/ ,ck &[ef;awmfwdkYonfvnf; xdk twdkif;jzpfukef\/ t&dyfjrifvQif taumifxifukef\/ wpfxGmjyvQif wpfawmifjrifukef\/ &[ef;wdkY tm; tusOf;tm;jzihf Ak'bk&m;a[mMum;awmf rlaomw&m;rsm;udk a'oemawmftpOftwdkif; wpfokwfpD wpfokwfpD a&;om;wifjyygrnf/ zwf I M unf n d K Muyg&ef d k a oav;euf p G m pOf;pm;qifjcifIrSwfawmfrlMuygukef olawmf aumif;wd/ Yk (i) 1/Oyg'd , rmeok w f Ak'bk&m;// &[ef;..? pGvef;vQif rm&fonf aESmifzUJG J \/ yxr&[ef;/ / jrwfpGmbk&m;? 1/ kyfudkpGJvef;vQif rm&fonf aESmifzGJU\/ rpGJ vef;aomf rm&frSvGwf\/ 2/ a0'emudkpGJvef;vQif rm&fonf aESmifzGJU\/ rpGJvef;aomf rm&frSvGwfajrmuf\/ 3/ onmudkpGJvef;vQif rm&fonf aESmifzGJU\/ rpGJvef;aomf rm&frSvGwfajrmuf\/ 4/ ocFgudkpGJvef;vQif rm&fonf aESmifzGJU\/ rpGJvef;aomf rm&frSvGwfajrmuf\/ 5/ 0dnmOfudkpGJvef;vQif rm&fonf aESmifzGJU\/ rpGJvef;aomf rm&frSvGwfajrmuf\/ jrwfpmbk&m;../ t&Sib&m; tusO;f G f k tm;jzihf a[mawmfrlaom w&m;\teuf t"dym,ftus,fudk wynhfawmfodygNyDbk&m;/ Ak'bk&m;// om"k-om"k-om"k? aumif;avpG? aumif;avpG? aumif;avpG/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) earmor m or K '

Ak'*Dwdum
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)
pl V om&d b d u K 0w K Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg aq;ukjcif;paom ESpq,fwpfyg;aom taeoejzifh ypn;f wkudk &SmrS;D toufarG;avh &Saom f h Yd d pl V om&d r nf a om &[ef ; uk d t aMumif ; jyK ]]ok Z D 0 H t[d & d a ue}} paom ES p f * gxmuk d a[mawmfrl\/ okZD0H t[d&daue? umuola&e "Hodem? yuEdem y*aAe? oHudvda|e ZD0dwH/ [d&Drwm p 'kZD0H? edpH okpd*a0odem/ tvDaeem y*aAe? ok'gZDa0e ywm/ jref r muAsm t&Sufuif;a0; oufarG;vG,ful? usD;&JykHcsifh *kPfjrifhcsdK;rl? [efaqmifMurf;MuKwf jyKvkyfaerI? vGefnpfax; oufarG;ae&ol/
Easy is the life of a shameless one who, with the boldness of a crow, is backbiting, forward, arrogant, and corrupt.

pum;ajy/ / usD;&JESifhwlkpGmusifhaom t&Sufr&Sdaom (tvZD) &[ef;onf olwyg;*kPfukd pum;ajy zsufqD;ojzifhvnf;aumif;? a&SUa&mufa&;twGuf roifhavsmfbJ tcGifhta&;,lojzihf vnf; aumif;? (oljyKonfudk uk,jf yKovkd [efaqmifjcif;jzifvnf;aumif;) Murf;wrf; cufxefrmefrjl cif; d h jzifvnf;aumif;? npfEr;f aom tusihf (t*wdvupm;jcif;)jzifvnf;aumif;? vG,uaomtouf h G dk f h f l arG;jcif;&Sd\/ jref r muAsm toufarG;cuf t&Suf&Sdjyef? tNrJoefY&Sif; r,Gif;&SmBuH? rwGefYrqkwf rMurf;MuKwfjyef? pifMu,fa&; oufarG;IolrSef/
Hard is the life of a modest one who ever seeks purity, is detached, humble, clean in life, and reflective.

b' E Z ed E o m& (o' r a Zmwd u "Z)

rH k & G m aeZm

pum;ajy/ / &SufaMumufjcif;&Sdaom &[ef;onf oefY&Sif;pifMu,frIukd tNrJ&SmBuHojzifh pum;ajy vnf;aumif;? pifMu,fpGm toufarG;ojzifhvnf;aumif;? oifhroifhukd axmufcsifhajrmfjrif ojzifhvnf;aumif;? cJ,Of;aom toufarG;jcif;&Sd\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

opfyifausmif;\ *kPfq,fyg;
&S i f P(zsmyH k ) a&S ; a&S ; umvu bk & m;tavmif ; olawmfaumif;wdonf w&m;&SmMu&m opfyif Yk udk ausmif;tjzpf toH;k avh&MdS uayonf/ xduhJ k odkY opfyifudk ausmif;ocFrf;;tjzpf toHk;jyKMu onf/ opfyifwnf;[laomausmif;rSm aumif; jrwfcsrf;omapaom *kPft*Fgq,fyg;jynhfpHk aomaMumifh bk&m;tavmif;awmfwYkd opfyifukd ausmif;ocFPf;tjzpf toHk;jyKawmfrlMujcif; jzpfayonf/ ,if;opfyifausmif;\ *kPft*Fg q,fyg;rSm(1) enf;aomtaqmuftOD;&Sdjcif; onf *kPfwpfyg;/ - enf;aomtaqmuftOD;&Sjd cif;onf *kPwpfyg;jzpfonf[qjkd cif;rSm? opfyifausmif; f k onf opf&Gufrdk;wJausmif;rsm; ponfwdkYuJhodkY vHvpduxwNf y;D aqmufvy&efrvdy?J rlve*d&f Yk k f k k f k k uyif tqifoifh&SdNyD;jzpf 0ifa&mufaexdkif vkdufHkomjzpfaomaMumihf xl;jcm;aom*kPf wpf&yf&Sdjcif;udk qdkvdkayonf/ (2) okwoifapmifa&Smuf&rI r&Sjd cif; f h *kPfwpfyg;/ - opfyifausmif;onf wHjrufvSnf; onfjzpfap? rvSn;fbJaeonfjzpfap? aexdkif oDwif;oHk;&m tcuftcJwpfpHkwpf&mr&Sd? vG,fulcsrf;omaom*kPf&Sdjcif;udk qdkvdkay onf/ (3) ax&fBuD;? 0gBuD;rsm;vmaomf vnf; a&SmifvGJxay;&rIr&Sdjcif;*kPfwpfyg;ESifh vnf; jynfhpHkayonf/ (4) opfyifausmif; raumif;rIjyKvyf k vQif trsm;jrifrnfjzpf raumif;rIjyK&ef &Suf aMumufojzihf uJh&JUzG,fraumif;rIudk zHk;uG,f ay;wwfaom? trdk;tum&Sdaom? ysOfaxmif oGyr;kd ausmif; wduausmif;Bu;D rsm;xuf omvGef f k f jrihfjrwfaomvuPm&Sdjcif;*kPfwpfyg;vnf; &Sdayonf/ (5) udk,fvufawmifhwif;rIr&Sdjcif; *kPfwpfyg;/ - trdk;tumr&Sdaom? [if;vif;jyif vGifwD;acgifaeaomolwdkYrSm udk,fvuft*Fg? awmifhwif;rIjzpfEdkifonf/ opfyifausmif; onf opf&Guf? opfcuf? opfudkif;paom trdk; tum obm0&Sdaejcif;aMumihf [if;vif;jyif aeaomoluJhodkY udk,fvuft*Fgawmifhwif;rIrS uif;aom csrf;omaom*kPfwpfyg;ESifh jynhfpHk ayonf/ (6) odr;f yduv,rr&Sjd cif;*kPwpfyg;/ k f k l I f - opfyifausmif;rSm? oGyr;kd ysOaxmif f f ausmif;BuD;? wdkufausmif;BuD;rsm;uJhodkY vk,lrI rcH&aom*kPfwpfyg;ESifhvnf; jynhfpHkayonf/ (7) ighae&m[laomwG,fwmjcif;udk y,fazsmufEdkifonhf*kPfwpfyg;/ opfyif&if; ausmif;onf wpfpHkwpf&mrQyif rufarmwG,f wmzG , f & mr&S d a omaMumih f vG , f u l p G m yif wG,fwmwyfrufrIudkjzwfawmuf&aom*kPf wpfyg;ESifhvnf; jynfhpHkayonf/ (8) trsm;ESihfqufqHNyD; a&m>yrf;ae &aom oGyr;kd ausmif;wduf ausmif;Bu;D rsm;uJoYkd f k h ausmif;udk oefY&Sif;ap&ef? oifwdkYtjyifudkxGuf Mu z,f&Sm;ay;Muyg[l olwpfyg;wdkYtm; ESifxkwf&rIr&Sdaom*kPfwpfyg;ESifhvnf; jynfhpHk ayonf/ (9) opfyif&if;ausmif; aexdiaom k f ol\ pdwfESpfoufrI&&Sdaejcif;onf vnf; aumif; jrwfaom*kPfwpfyg;yif jzpfayonf/ (10) opfyif&if;ausmif;[lonfrSm a&mufav&mt&yfa'owdkYwGif &SmazG&vG,f ulaomaMumifh opfyifausmif;onf ighae&m jzpfonf[k iJhuGufrIrjzpf csrf;omaom *kPf wpfyg;ESifhvnf; jynhfpHkayonf/ txufygopfyif&if;ausmif;\ *kPf t*Fgq,fyg;wdrm bk&m;tavmif;awmf okar"g Yk S &Sif&aohudk,fawmfwdkif qifjcifodjrifcJhaom opfyif&if;ausmif;\ wkdufausmif;? ysOfaxmif tdrausmif;Bu;D rsm;xuf? txl;omvGeBf u;D jrwf f onhf *kPt*Fgq,fyg;wdyif jzpfayonf/ wduf f Yk k ausmif;BuD;udk ydkifqdkifaom OpmpGJoum,vGef aeaom yk*dKvfrsm;xuf opfyif&if;ausmif;udk trSDjyKaeolonf tyg,fab;qdk;rSvGwfajrmuf csrf;omudk &&SdEdkifaomoabmudkvnf; aqmif ,lonf[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumihf qkawmif;cef;ysdKUwGif &Sifr[moDv0Hou..? (1) olawmfwum t&d,mwdYk aeYiSm oefY&Sif;? opfyif&if;um; wpif;ESD;EG,f? 0g;ouf u,fjzihf? csnfwG,faESmifwnf;? jyK&enf;\ [l tpcsDum../

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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AN INTRODUCTION TO PATTHANA CONDITONAL RELATIONS.

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[H o m0wD OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if wH ' d 0 oH p b*0awm? o&D & m ed u E m ? ,m0Z 'd 0 omyd ? wm&o d a ,m? teE a vmu"mwk a ,m? *p E d a ,0/ wH'd0oHp- &wemC& bGJUrnf&aom pwkwowm[0,f? teEe, orE*kPfvQrf;y|mef;a'oemawmfudk teEoAnKwa&TPfjzihf? a0zef qH;k jzwfawmfr&m xdaeYtcgum;? b*0awm-bke;f awmf{&mBu;D rm;pGmaom jrwfpmbk&m;\ o&D&m-ajcmufjzmaom ud,awmftpdwtpdwf l k G k f f rS? eduEm-wpfzdwfzdwfwpfvufvuf xGuf<uuGefYjrL;tzl;tajrmfcHawmf rlukefaom? wm&oda,m-eDv? yDw? avm[dw? Mo'gw? rd|? yb& [k qdktyfaom xdka&mifjcnfawmfajcmufoG,fwdkYonf? teEavmu"mwk a,m- tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;r&Sdaom avmu"mwfwdkYodkY? ,m0Z'd0omyd,aeYxufwdkifatmifvnf;? *pEda,0-ta&mifrpJ <uawmfrlMuqJom vQifwnf;/ y|mef ; a'oemawmf r sm;\ us,f 0 ef ; euf e J y H k rQwefcdk;&SdefaZmf tmEkabmfawmfBuD;rm;aom y|mef; a'oemawmfBu;D onf? aygif;pk jytyfaom omrntm;jzihf y|mef;usr;f BuD; (wpfckwnf;) [k qdk&jim;aomfvnf;? 0daootm;jzihf cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm um jy&ygrl? y|mef;usrf;BuD; yp,ka'o? yp,eda'orsm;udk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;onfhaemuf? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ykpm0g&udk a[mawmf rlonf/ ykpm0g&(1) "rtEkvHk/ (2) "r ypeduf/ (3) "r tEkavmr ypeduf/ (4) "r yped,mEkavmr [l "rav;yg; tjym;&Sd\/ xdkav;yg;wGif "rtEkvHk(1) wduy|mef;/ (2) 'kuy|mef;/ (3) 'kuwduy|mef;/ (4) wdu'kuy|mef;/ (5) wduwduy|mef;/ (6) 'ku'kuy|mef; [l tusOf;tm;jzihf ajcmufusrf;tjym; &Sd\/ y|mef ; tusOf ; (24) usrf ; twl "rypedufvnf; ajcmufusrf;/ "rtEkavmr ypedufvnf; ajcmufusrf;/ "ryped,mEkavmrvnf; ajcmufusrf;tm;jzihf? tm;vHk;aygif; y|mef;tusOf; (24) usrf;&Sdavonf/ wd u y|mef ; (22) usrf ; xdk (24) usrf;wdkYwGif "rtEkvHkwduy|mef;tusOf;usrf;? ukovwduy|mef;? a0'emwduy|mef;/ v / oed'ey#dCwduy|mef; usrf;tm;jzihf? wduy|mef;tus,fusrf;aygif; (22) usrf; &SdonfwGif? a&SUaemufy'wdkY (e) rjrpfbJ ]]od,m ukovH "rH y#dp ukoavm"arm OyaZ,s a[wkyp,m}} ponfjzihf? wduy|mef;usrf;aygif; (22) usrf;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrl\/ 'k u y|mef ; usrf ; aygif ; (100) xkdrSwpfyg; "rtEkvHk 'kuy|mef;usrf;vnf;? a[wk'kuy|mef; usrf;? oa[wk 'kuy|mef;usrf;/ v / o&P'kuy|mef;usrf;tm;jzihf? 'kuy|mef;tus,fusrf;aygif; (100) &Sd&mwGif? a&SUaemufy'wdkY (e) rNrJyJ? ]]od,ma[wHk"rH y#dp a[wk"arm OyaZ,s a[wkyp,m}} ponfjzihf? 'kuy|mef;tus,fusrf;aygif; (100) wdkYudk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlonf/ 'k u wd u y|mef ; tus,f u srf ; aygif ; (6600) xdrwpfyg; "rtEkvkH 'kuwduy|mef;usr;f vnf;? a[wk'up aom 'kuaygif; (100) wdukd rlwnf? ]]ukovm"rm}} tp? ]]ted'e k S k f f Yk ty#C"r}} tqH;k &Saom (66) yg;aom wduwukd rlvowaomaMumih?f if;'kuf (100) wdukd (66) yg;ESihf ajrmuf? 'kuwduy|mef;tus,usr;f d d f Ykd D G f Yk f aygif; (6600) &Sd&mwGif? a&SUaemufy'wdkY (e) rjrpfyJ ]]od,ma[wHk ukovH "rH y#dp ukoavm"arm OyaZ,sa[wkyp,m}} ponfjzihf?

AN INTRODUCTION TO PATTHANA CONDITONAL RELATIONS.

10

"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

'kuwduy|mef;tus,fusrf;aygif; (6600) wdkYudk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmf rlonf/ wd u 'k u y|mef ; tus,f u srf ; aygif ; (4400) xkdrSwpfyg; "rtEkvHkwdu'kuy|mef;usrf;vnf;? ukovwduf paom (22) wdufwdkYudk rlwnf? ]]a[wk"rm ea[wk"rm/ v / o&P "rm t&Pm"rm}} tqHk;&Sdaom 'kufaygif; (200) wdkYudk rlvDoGwfaom aMumihf? if;wduf (22) udk (200) ESifhajrmuf wdu'kuy|mef;usrf;aygif; (4400) &Sd&mwGif? a&SUaemufy'wdkY (e) rjrpfyJ ]]od,mukovH a[wHk"rH y#dpukoavm "arm OyaZ,sa[wkyp,m}} ponfwdkYjzihf? wdu'ku y|mef;tus,fusrf;aygif; (4400) wdkYudk jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ wd u wd u y|mef ; tus,f u srf ; aygif ; (1386) xdkrSwpfyg; "rtEkvHkwduy|mef;vnf;? ukovwduf paom wduf (22) wdkYudk rlwnfNyD;? ]]a0'em or,kwm"rm? ted'e ty#dCm "rm}} tqHk;&Sdaom (63) yg;aom wdufyk'fwdkYudk rlvDoGwfaomaMumihf? if;wduf (22) udk (63) ESifhajrmuf? wduwduy|mef;tus,fusrf;aygif; (1386) usrf;&Sd&mwGif? a&SUaemufy'wdkY (e) rjrpfyJ ]]od,mukovH okcg,a0'em,or,w"ry#dpuoavm okcg,a0'em, or,awm k H H k k "arm OyaZ,sa[wkyp,m}} ponfwdkYjzihf wduwduy|mef;tus,fusrf; aygif; (1386) wdkYudk jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ 'k u 'k u y|mef ; tus,f u srf ; aygif ; (19800) xkdrSwpfyg; "rtEkvHk 'ku'kuy|mef;vnf;? a[wk'kufpaom 'kufaygif; (100) wdkYudkwnfNyD;vQif ]]oa[wkum"rm}} tp? ]]t&Pm "rm}} tqHk;&Sdaom (198) yg;aom 'kufyk'fwdkYudk rlvDoGwfaomaMumihf? if;'kuf (100) wdkYudk (198) ESihf ajrmuf? 'ku'kutus,fusrf;aygif; (19800) wdkY &Sd&mwGif? a&SUaemufy'wdkY (e) rjrpfyJ ]]oD,m a[wHk oa[wkuH "rH y#dp a[wkoa[wkaum "arm OyaZ,s a[wkyp ,m}} ponfwdkYjzihf 'ku'kuy|mef;tus,fusrf;aygif; (19800) wdkYudk jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlonf/ "r t Ek v H k ? "r y p e d u f w d k Y y|mef ; usrf ; aygif ; (32308) pD "rtEkvHk y|mef;tusOf;ajcmufusrf;wdkY\ tus,fudk aygif;aomf (32308) usrf;jzpf\/ twl"rypedufvnf; y|mef; tus,fusrf;aygif; (32308) wdkYudk jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ "r t Ek a vmryp e d u f tus,f u srf ; aygif ; (32308) twl "rtEkavmrypeduf a&SUy'udk (e) rjrpf? aemufy' udkom (e) NrJ? ]]od,m ukovH"rH y#dp e ukoavm"arm OyaZ,s a[wkyp,m}} [k tus,fusrf;aygif; (32308) usrf;wdkYudk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrl\/ "r y p e d , mEk a vmr tus,f u srf ; aygif ; (32308) "ryped,mEkavmr? a&SUy'udk (e) jrpf? aemufy'udk (e) rjrpfyJ ]]od,me ukovH "rH y#dp ukoavm"arm OyaZ,s a[wk yp,sm}} ponfjzihf tus,fusrf;aygif; (32308) usrf;wdkYudk jrwfpGm bk&m; a[mawmfrlonf/ y|mef ; tus,f u srf ; aygif ; (129232) usrf ; odkYvQif a&S;ujycJhNyD;aom "re,av;yg;wdkY? &xdkufaom usrf;wdkYudk aygif;kef;onf&Sdaomf? y|mef;tus,fusrf;aygif; (129232) usrf;jzpfavonf/ (7) 0g&wd k Y yp n f ; av;yg;pD j ym;\/ ,if;y|mef;usrf;wdkYwGifvnf; wpfusrf;wpfusrf;? y#dp0g&/ o[Zmw0g&/ yp,0g&/ edo,0g&/ oHo|0g&/ or,kw0g&/ yOm0g& tm;jzihf? (7) 0g&pD&Sdjyef\/ (7) 0g&wdkYwGif y#dp0g& ypnf;tEkvHk? ypnf;ypeduf? ypnf;tEkavmrypeduf? ypnf;yped,mEkavmrtm;jzihf av;yg;pDjym;jyef\/ ok ' ? 'k u m'd (2) yg;jzif h a[mawmf r l y H k xdkav;yg;wdkYwGif ypnf;tEkvHk ok'? 'kum'dtm;jzihf (2) yg;pD tjym;&Sdjyef\/ xdk (2) yg;wdkYwGif ok' a[wkypnf;\ ok'? tm&rP ypnf;\ok' tp&Sdonftm;jzihf (24) yg;tjym;&Sd\/ xdkwGif a[wkypnf;\ ok'ponfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmf rlyHkrSm? ]]od,mukovH "rH? y#dp ukoavm "arm? OyaZ,sa[wkyp,m? t&rPyp,m}} ponfjzihf a[mawmfrl\/ odkYa[mawmfrltyfaom ok'0g& y'g0omeaygif; (1176) enf;wdkYjzihf a[mawmfrlonf/ ok'udk a[mawmfrlonf\tjcm;rJh 'kum'dudk a[mawmfrl\/ xdk'kum'dvnf; a[wk'kum'd? tm&rP'kum'd tp&Sdonftm;jzihf (24) yg; tjym;&Sd\/ xdk (24) yg;wdkYwGif a[wk'kum'dvnf; 'ku? wdu/v/ pwk0Dowdutm;jzihf (24) yg; tjym;&Sd\/ xdk (24) yg;wdkYwGif ]]od,m ukovH "rH? y#dpukoavm"arm? OyaZ,sa[wkyp,m? t&rPyp,m}} ponfjzihf 'ku (1127) csuf a[mawmfrl\/ twlwdu(1078)? pwku(1029)? yOu(980)? qu(931)? owu(812)ponfjzifh? pwk0Dowduusatmif? a[wkypnf;\ 'kum'd? y'g0oeaygif; (13524)wkdYukd bk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ y#d p 0 g&yp n f ; tEk v H k 324576 a[mMum;awmf r l \ / a[wktwl tm&rP'kum'd? t"dywd'kum'd tp&Sdaom (24) 'kum'drSmvnf; (13524) pD&aomaMumihf? if;t&udk (24) ypnf; ESifh ajrmufaomf (324576) aom y'g0omewdkYjzihf y#dp0g& ypnf;tEkvHk jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ yp n f ; yp e d u f 'k u m'd a ygif ; (324576) a[m\/ y#dp0g&ypnf;tEkvHktwl? ypnf;ypedufvnf; ]]od,m ukovH"rH? y#dpukoavm "arm? OyaZ,s ea[wkypa,m}} ponfjzihf?

AN INTRODUCTION TO PATTHANA CONDITONAL RELATIONS.

"r0D&onf avmuNidrf;csrf;rItwGufjzpfonf/

11

ok'0g&aygif; (1176)? 'kum'daygif; (324576) paom y'g0omewdkYjzihf y#dp0g&ypnf;ypedufvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlavonf/ ok ' ? 'k u m'd E S p f & yf a ygif ; (1300656) a[mawmf r l y H k ypnf;tEkavmuypedufrlum;? ok'0g&rjzpfEdkifyJ? ]]od,muk ovH "rH? y#dpukoavm"arm? OyaZ,s a[wkyp,m? etm&rPyp ,m}} ppjzmaom 'kum'daygif; (324576) a[m y'g0omewdkYudk y#dp 0g&ypnf; tEkavmrypeduf bk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ twl ypnf; yped,mEkavmrvnf; ]]od,mukovm"rH? y#dpukoavm"arm? OyaZ,s ea[wkyp,m? tm&rPyp,m}} ponf jzihf tpjzmaom 'kum'daygif; (324576) aom yg'0omewdkYudk y#dp 0g&ypnf;yped,mEkavmr jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlonf/ if;y'g0ometm;vH;k wdukd aygif;ke;f onf&aomf? ok'aygif; (2352)? 'kum'dav;rsKd ;aygif; (1298304)? ok'? 'kum'dEp&yfaygif; (1300656) Yk dS S f ckaom y'g0omewdkYjzihf? y#dp0g&BuD;wpfckrSm bk&m;a[m awmfrlavonf/ y|mef ; (22) usrf ; ? y'g0omeaygif ; (200301024) a[m\/ y#dp0g&twl a&S;ujycJhaom o[Zmw0g&? yp,0g&? ed,0g&? oHo|0g&? or,w0g&? yOm0g&wdrmvnf; y'g0omeaygif; k Yk S (1300656) pD a[mawmfrlaomaMumihf? if;udk (7) 0g&ESifhajrmufaomf y'g0omeaygif; (9104592) wdkYjzihf? tus,fusrf;0,fwduy|mef;? ukovwdufy|mef;usrf;wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrl\/ ukovwd*fy|mef;usrf;twl a0'emwdufy|mef;usrf; paom y|mef; (21) usrf;wdkYrSmvnf; (9104592) pD a[mawmfrlaomaMumifh? if;udk (22) usrf;ESifhajrmufaygif;aomf y'g0omeaygif; (200301024) uka#ESpfq,foHk;odef;wpfaxmifESpfq,hfav;wdkYjzihf "rtEkvHktus,f wduy|mef; (22) usrf;wdkYwGif bk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ ocsF m *Pef ; wd k Y j zih f aygif ; ajr m uf jy&jcif ; rS m / *Pef;ocsFmusrf;wdkYrSmuJhodkY aygif;jcif;? ajrmufjcif;? pm;jcif;? EIwfjcif;wdkonf ta&twGuftydkif;tjcm;tm;jzihfom tqHk;owf NyD;pD; Muav\/ avmu olaX;? ol<u,f? ukefonf? rif;rsdK;rif;pdk;&mZmwdkY toHk;jyKMuaom pm&if;pmtkyfrsm;yg&Sdaom aygif;? ajrmuf? EIwf? pm; MuonfhocsFm*Pef;udef;rsm;um; rSwfom;tyf a&wGuftyfaom teuf oabmaqmifouJhodkY a&S;y|mef;usrf;aygif; (129232) usrf;[k od&SdMu &atmif aygif;&ajrmuf&aom y'g0omeaygif; (200301024) (uka# ESpfq,hfoHk;odef;wpfaxmihfESpfq,hfav;) yg;[k od&atmif aygif;&ajrmuf &aom *Pef;ocsFmrsm;vnf; urmavmuBuD;twGif; &SdMu\/ ,if ; ocsF m ud e f ; *Pef ; rsm;ud k jrwf p G m bk & m;Pf a wmf oG i f ; onf &S d a omf ,if;*Pef;ocsFmudef;rsm;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif\ Pfawmf oGif; xiftvif;? Munhfawmfrltyf? odawmfrltyf? yGm;rsm;awmfrltyf? a[mMum;awmfrltyf? a&wGufawmfrltyfaom tbd"rm"mwf? y&rwf oacsF? y|mef;a'oemw&m;awmfjrwfBuD;awGwnf;[laom teufoabm wdkYjzihf xif&Sm;pGm&SdaeMuukef\[k od&SdEdkifMu&mayonf/ r[myu&PteE e , orE * k P f v Qrf ; y|mef ; usrf ; jytyfNyD;aom y'g0omewdkYum; y|mef;tus,fusrf;aygif; (129232) usrf;wdkYwGif "rtEkvHk wduy|mef; (22) usrf;&tyfaom? ykpm0g&rQomjzpf <uif;usefaomy|mef;usrf;aygif; (129210) wdkYrSm odkY&oifhwkdif;aom y'g0omewdkYonfum; tvGefYtvGefBuD;rsm;jym; vdrfhrnfudk od&efwpfcsuf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif &wemC&a&Ttdrf pdwf awmfoufoufjzihf qifjcifawmfrltyfaom y|mef;w&m;awmfjrwfwdkYonf um;? rnfa&TUrnfrQ*Pef;cs ajymjyjcif;iSmvnf; rwwfaumif;? omref &uf? v? ESpfumvwdkYjzihf a[mMum;jcif;iSmvnf; rwwfaumif;atmif t&yfxuf0ef;usifwdkYrSm tbd"rm"mwf y&rwftppfjzpfMuonhf y|mef; w&m;awmfBuD;rsm; enf;tpm;pm;wdkY tqHk;tykdif;tjcm;r&SdonfwdkYudk odEdkifMu&ef wpfcsuf/ if;tcsufcsufwdkYESifhjynhfpHkaom y|mef;w&m;awmf BuD;rsm;udk qifjcifpOf;pm;ESvHk;xm; a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom y|mef; usrf;BuD;udkvnf; tvGefYtvGefBuD; yd#uwfoHk;yHkwGif wkzufrjrifatmif BuD;us,fvSygaomaMumihf r[myuPvnf; rnfxdkufvS? xuf0ef;usif wGif tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;r&Sdaom enf;e,wdkYESifhvnf; jynhfpHkvSaomaMumihf teEe,orE*kPfvQrf; y|mef;usrf;BuD;[l omoemawmfBuD;wGif ac:wGifqHk;jzwforkwfMu&ayonf/ y|mef ; ES i h f o rk ' & mrnf o nf u us,f 0 ef ; ygoenf ; / a&S;updppfjycJhonfum; r[myu&P teEe, orE*kPf vQrf; y|mef;usrf;BuD;[kqdkonfhtwdkif; us,f0ef;onhftjzpfudk odapvdk t|omvdeDed'gef;vm? oD[dkVfuRef;rS *rD,wdrax&fonf tdEd, EdkifiH&Sd r[maAm"dudk zl;ajrmf&efr[mork'&mudk ul;onf&Sdaomf a&SU aemufurf;ESpfzufudk rjrifEkdifyJ a&jyifBuD;twdomxifjrifaeaomtcg r[mork'&mESifh y|mef;usrf;a'oemawmfwdkYtb,fu eufdIif;us,f 0ef;ygoenf;[k qifjcifrdav\/ ork ' & mtv,f y |mef ; tus,f y G m ; &[E m jzpf a wmf r l y H k r[mork'&m? atmuftqHk;ajr? txuftqHk;aumif;uif rSmbufuurf;tqHk;? [dkrSmbufu pMu0VmawmiftqHk;[l r[m ork'&m\ tydkif;tjcm;udkxifjrifNyD;onhfaemuf? y|mef;w&m;awmfBuD;\ tydkif;tjcm;udk qifjcifaomtcg tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;udk rxifjrifEdkifygyJ ESpoufjcif;yDwaomreBu;D rsm; jzpfym;vmonfuy,f&m; xdtbd"rmy|mef;w&m;tpm;wdukd 0dyemyGm;rsm;av&m xdwpfxif wnf;yif f d G kd S k Yk k kd xdkork'&myifv,fjyifwGif t&[wzdkvfodkY qdkufawmfrlaom *rD,wdrax&f0wKudkaxmuf y|mef;usrf;BuD;us,f0ef;yHkudk odtyf Muay&mownf;/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

DHAMMA TALKS

12

"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

wm0wd H o mewf j ynf tbd " r m a'oema[mMum;awmf r l & m umv

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DHAMMA TALKS
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13

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DHAMMA DEW

14

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COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

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COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

16

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ w&m;jzpf tbd"rm[kac:qdkonf/ xdktbd"rma'oemawmfwGif (1) "ro*FPD? (2) 0dbif;? (3) "mwkuxm? (4) yk*vynwf? (5) uxm0wK? (6) ,rdu?f (7) y|mef;[l k ta&twGuftm;jzifh usrf;aygif;(7)usrf;yg&Sdavonf/ "r o *F P D u srf ; ukodkvf? tukodkvfpaomw&m;wdkYudk tusOf;csKyftm;jzihf a[mMum;awmfrlaom usrf;BuD;udk ]"ro*FPDusrf;} [kac:qdkonf/ 0d b if ; usrf ; cEmtp&Sdaom w&m;wdkYudk okwefenf; tbd"rmenf;rsm;jzihf tar;tajzjyK tus,ftm;jzihf a0zefa[mMum;awmfrlaom usrf;udk ]0dbif;usrf;} [k ac:qdkonf/ "mwk u xmusrf ; "mwfwdkY\ oabmobm0trsKd;rsKd;wkdYudk ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzm a[mMum;awmfrlaom usrf;udk ]"mwkuxmusrf;} [kac:qdkonf/ yk * v ynwf u srf ; yk*dKvftrsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk cGJjcm;owfrSwf trnfwyf a[mMum; awmfrlaom usrf;udk ]yk*vynwfusrf;} [kac:qdkonf/ uxm0w K usrf ; t,l0g'ESihfqdkifaom pum;wdkY\ wnf&mjzpf tbd"rm tESpfom&wdkYESihf jynhfpHkaomusrf;udk ]uxm0wKusrf;} [kac:qdkonf/ ,rd k u f u srf ; tEkvEifh y#dv?kH ykpmESifh 0doZem? oE|mefEihf oHo,tpHtpHk kH S d S k jyK a[mMum;awmfrlaomusrf;udk ],rdkufusrf;} [kac:qdkonf/ y|mef ; usrf ; taMumif;trsK;d rsK;d wdukd a[mawmfraom usr;f ? ukovpaom Yk l kd f w&m;wdukd 24 yg;aom ypn;f wdjYk zihf a0zeftyfaomusr;f ? jrwfpmbk&m; Yk G &Sif\ oAnKwPfawmfuGefYjrL;usufpm;awmfrl&mjzpfaom usrf;udk ]y|mef;usrf;} [lac:qdkonf/ xl ; jcm;csuf B uD ; av;yg;ES i h f jynh f p H k a omtbd " r m tbd"rma'oemawmfonf trdaus;Zl;qyfw&m;jzpfjcif;? ewfjynf a[mMum;awmfrljcif;? 0gwGif;oHk;vwmMumrQ a[mMum;awmf rl&jcif;/ yuwdjrwfpGmbk&m;ESihf edrdwbk&m;wdkY wpfvSnhfpDa[mMum; awmfrljcif;[laom xl;jcm;csufBuD;av;yg;wdkYESihf jynhfpHkayonf/ *r D & av;yg;wd k Y E S i h f v nf ; jynh f p H k j cif ; tbd"rma'oemawmfonf ygVd\eufeJjcif;? oabm t"dyg,f\eufeJjcif;? a[mMum;yHk tpDtpOf\ eufeJjcif;? Pfawmf\ eufeJjcif;wnf;[laom *rD&av;yg;wdkYESihfvnf; jynhfpHkayonf/ tbd " r m a'oemawmf u d k o if M um;em,l & jcif ; tusKd ; tbd"rma'oemawmfudk &Gwfzwf ylaZmfjcif;? oifMum;em ,l&jcif;aMumihf? vif;EdkYom; 500 jzpfcJhbl;aom &[ef;awmf rsm;uJhodkY emrlyy&dap'Pf&ihfoef&jcif;? r*fzdkvfedAmefa&muf&ef vrf;aMumif; rS e f t wG u f taxmuf t yH h a umif ; &&S d j cif ; ? ab;Oyg'f t E & m,f &ef t oG , f o G , f u if ; a0;&jcif ; / usuf o a&r*F v m taygif ; wd k Y E S i h f jynhfpHk&jcif;wnf;[laom tusKd;xl;w&m;rsm;udk &&SdEkdif rnfjzpfonf/ tbd " r m a'oemtrT e f ; *gxm r[ka0g? tEkyawm tbd"r? 'daemt,H/ tbd"rH? bPdomr?

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NET WORK MEDIA NEWS

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/ okPEKabm? o*g&0g/ b'Em =tdk olawmfaumif;taygif;wdkY t,H'daem=oDwif;uRwfvjynhf ,aeYonfum; tbd"rm'daem=tbd"rma'oemudk aocsmNy;D qH;k ? ed*;kH urw?f tNy;D owf atmif? apmjrwfpdaE? a[mrdefYacRonfh? BuHKayxl;jcm;? tbd"rmaeYBuD; ygwum;/ r[k0g = a'oemPf? ewf|mefuGefYjrL;? w&m;xl;udk a[musL;cJhjim; aeYwum;[k? rSwfom;pDpOf? crf;em;,if? jyifqifjc,frIef;? a&mifvQHzHk; vsuf? c0ef;&Hvwf? y&dowfwdkY? pdwf"mwfMunfEl;? 0oD x l ; atmif ? &nf p l ; aqmif o m;? aemuf a emif , ck ? tusKd ; pk w d k Y ? wd k ; rI , S O f & m? r*F v mwnh f ? xif p G m vuf a 0? usufoa&&SdNyD;? yGJawmfjrwf obifBuD;onf/ t#yawm= yGJBuD;,if&m? pOftvmjzihf? csdefcg,aeY qdkufa&muf vmcJh ygNyDwum;/ tbd"rH= twd*rD? eufeJonf[k? *kPf&nfvQrf;jzm? usrf;awmfjrwf tbd"rmud?k bPdmr=yDjyifjywfom;? &yfrem;bJ &GwfyGm;ylaZmfMuygukefpdkY/ abm= oif olawmfaumif;taygif; oljrwfavmif;wdkYonf/ tbd"rH= "rcEmaygif;? av;aomif;ESpfaxmif? jrm;ajrmifpGmvS? *rD&? euf0Srf;? tbd"rm ckepfusr;fudk/ o*g&0g=dkaoav;pm;? MunfndKaomtm;jzihf? okPEK= w&m;awmf*kPf? udk,fvHk;xHkvsuf? tmHkwpfyg; pdwfroGm;bJ? em;Mum;Muygukefavmh/ (omoema&;OD;pD;Xme\ yHhydk;rIjzihf? rm*"D=ompnf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; OD;aqmifO;D &Gujf yKvsuf tajccHA'bmom,Ofaus;rIoifwef;rS tbd"rm k tcgawmfaeYwGif &GwfyGm;ylaZmfMuaom *gxmawmfwdkYudk jyefvnftoHk; jyKazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/) Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; aemuf a usmzk H ; rS t quf if;AD,uferfA'0g'"rwuovbUJG ESi;f obiftcrf;tem;odYk k kd f AD,uferfA'bmomom omoemydiq&mawmf "rmqefr[max&f q&m k k f Y awmfBuD;ESifhwuG b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH oHCr[mem,uq&mawmfBuD;? AD,ufemrf oHCr[mem,uq&mawmf z&m;oufaAmif? uarm'D;,m; EdiiH oHCr[mem,uq&mawmfBu;D ? xdi;f Ediir[marmifuwwuovf k f k k f H G f kd t"dtywdq&mawmfBu;D -z&m;oDy&d,w0arm? tdE,Ediia'vDwuov?f d d d k f H kd Ak'"ravhvma&;Xme? r[mXmerSL; ygarmuq&mawmf a'gufwmbduK qw,ygvax&f tp&Sdonhf oHCr[mem,uq&mawmfBuD;lrsm; <u a&muf csD;jrihfawmfrlMuonf/ AD,ufemrfEiiH Ak'0g'"roCaumifpD A[dtycsKyrLS ;aumifpD kd f H k k f f 'kwd,Ou|q&mawmf- opfwkEGefu ,if;bGJUESif;obiftcrf;tem;odkY wufa&mufcs;D jriMhf uol q&mawmfoCmawmfb&m;Bu;D rsm;ESiwuG bGUJ ,l H k hf Murnhf wuodkvfpmoifom;oHCmawmfrsm;? Ak'"roHCwuodkvf tkycsKyrLS ;Bu;D Muyfa&;aumifp0ifrsm;? bGUJ ,lpmoifom;oHCmawmfrsm;\ f f D rdbaqGrsdK;rsm;? tjcm;zdwfMum;xm;aom {nhfonfawmfrsm;tm; BudKqdk EIwfcGef;qufr*FvmMo0g'guxm rdefYMum;awmfrlonf/ xdMk o0g'uxmrdece;f wGif q&mawmf opfwEeu ,ckqif,if Yf G k G f usi;f yrnhf Ak'0g'"rwuovBf u;D \ bGUJ ESi;f obifwif cs;D jrirnhf *kPx;l kd G fh f aqmifygarmubUJG ESiwuG? Ak'"romoemjyKbUJG toD;oD; cs;D jric,awmf hf fh H l

17

rlMurnhf oHCmawmfrsm;onf urmavmuBu;D wpfcv;kH Nir;f csr;f om,m k d 0ajyma&;? w&m;rQw&SdMuapa&;? vlom;cyfodrf;wdkY\ tusihfpm&dwESihf pdw"mwfrsm;BuUH ckijf rihrm;apa&;wdtwGu?f urmae&ma'otoD;oD;wdYk f d f Yk h Ak'0g'"rw&m;ppfw&m;rSersm; ysUH ESUH xGe;f um;atmif BuKd ;yrf;xrf;aqmif f awmfrlMu omoemjyKawmfrlMu&ef wdkufwGef;rdefYMum;oGm;onf/ ,if;AD,uferfAk'0g'"rwuodkvf&Sd r[m|meBuD; (6) ckwdkYrS oif,qnf;yl;cJMh uaom ,ckoufqi&m bmom&yftvkubUJG rsm; toD; l kd f d f oD;qGwfcl;&&SdawmfrlMurnhf toif;om;oHCmawmfrsm;onf? (1) ta&SU awmiftm&Sa'oEdkifiHrsm;&Sd ygVdbmompmayrsm;xJrS Ak'0g'"rrsm; (Buddhism in Pal.i Language and Sontheast Asia)? (2) wdAufbmom pmayxJrS Ak'0g'"rrsm; (Buddhism in Tibetan language)? (3) wkw?f *syef? udk;&D;,m;EdkifiHrsm;&Sd ouwbmompmayrsm;ESifh oufqdkif &mbmompmayrsm;xJrS Ak'0g'"rrsm; (Buddhism in Sanskrit and Chinese-Japanese-Korean Buddhism)? (4) AD,uferfEii\ Ak'0g' kd f H "r (Vietnamese Buddhism)? (5) urmay:&Sd Ak'0g'"rrsm; (World Buddhism)? (6) Ak'0g'"rrS tbfd"rma'oemawmf (Buddhist- Philosophy) [lonhf bmom&yfBuD;rsm;udk avhvmoif,lqnf;yl;awmfrlcJh Mu&avonf/ if;Ak'0g'"rwuodkvfrS ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf a'gufwm opfxdiaumifu bGUJ ESi;f obifrece;f rdeMYf um;&mwGi?f ,ckbUJG ,lMurnhf k f d Yf G pmoifoHCmawmfrsm;onf if;wuov&dS r[m|meBu;D rsm;wGif trSjD yK kd f avhvmqnf;yl;cJMh uonhtavsmuf bmom&yftrsKd ;tpm;rsm;rSmvnf; f trsdK;rsdK;tpm;pm; uGJjym;jcm;em;pGmjzihf atmifjrifawmfrlvmMuaom yk*dKvfrsm;jzpfMuonf[k xnhfoGif;rdefYMum;oGm;avonf/ tqdyg AD,uferfA'0g'"rwuovukd 1983-ckEpu pwif k k kd f S f wnfaxmifzivpcNhJ y;D r[mbGUJ rsm;ESihf yg&*lbUJG rsm; twef;toD;oD;wGif G fh S f EdkifiHjcm;rS pmoifom;rsm; trsm;qHk;wufa&mufvsuf&SdMuNyD;? AD,uferf wpfEiiv;kH rS pmoifom;oHCmawmfrsm;u 0dZmwef;rsm;ESifh r[m0dZmwef; kd f H wdkYwGif trsm;qHk;wufa&mufoif,lqnf;yl;vsuf&SdMuonfqdkonf/ if;wuodkvf\ynmoifESpfumvrSm 4 ESpfjzpfNyD;? xdkumv twGif; Ak'"rw&m;rsm;rSm okwefa'oemawmfrsm;ESifh ygVdawmfjy|mef; csufrsm;? ordkif;a&;&mjy|mef;csufrsm;? pmayqdkif&mjy|mef;csufrsm;? tbd"rma'oemawmfrsm;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;bmompmayESihf a&S;a[mif;"r pmayrsm;udk oif,lqnf;yl;Mu&aMumif;jzihf ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf aumif;u &Sif;jyawmfrlonf/ ]]rdrwwuovrS tyfEi;f aombGUJ rsm;rSm tjynfjynfqi&mwdYk d Ykd kd f S kd f rS todtrSwfjyKvufcHaombGJUrsm;jzpfonf/ wuodkvfrSbGJU&&SdNyD;ol onf tqihjf rihynm&yfrsm;udk qufvufoif,qnf;yl;Edi&ef tdE,? f l k f d wkwf? *syefESihf xdkif;EdkifiHrsm;&Sd wuodkvfBuD;rsm;ESihf taemufwkdif; Oa&mya'orS wuodkvfBuD;rsm;txd qufvufwufa&mufoif,l qnf;yl;cGihf&SdMuonf[k if;uqufvuf&Sif;jyonf/ xdkYjyif tdEd,ESifh xdi;f EdiiwrS wuovBf u;D rsm;ESifh rdrwwuovBf u;D rsm;onf yl;aygif; k k f H Ykd kd d Ykd kd qufoG,frI&SdaMumif;jzihfvnf; ygarucsKyfq&mawmfaumif;u bGJUESif; obif rdefYcGef; xnhfoGif;rdefYMum;awmfrlonf/ xdkaeYu usif;yaombGJUESif;obifwGif? AD,uferfAk'0g'"r wuovygarmucsKyq&mawmf a'gufwm-opfxdiaumif;u? pmoif kd f f k f atmif oHCm (550) yg;wdtm; oufqi&m twef;pOftvdu?f 'Dyvdrm Yk kd f k k bGUJ rsm;ESifh 0dZmbGUJ ? r[m0dZmbGUJ vufrwrsm; toD;oD;cs;D jriay;tyfonf S f fh [k tqdkyg AD,uferfowif;|me tGefvkdif;owif;wGif azmfjyonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

18

"r0D&onf rsKd;quftwGuf jzpfonf/

aoma&,solaX;om;ESihf "ry' pdw0*f 0wKrsm;

omoemawmf NiD;aiGaom &[ef;awmfwpfyg; Y
OD ; a&T a tmif
0wKonf jrwfpGmbk&m; oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdpOfumvu om0w d j ynf aZw0ef ausmif ; awmf wu,f y if j zpf c J h a om omoemh o rd k i f ; 0if 0 w K jzpf y g\/ od k Y & mwG i f omoemh ord k i f ; rl 0wKonf tnw&taejzihom rSwwrf;wifjcif;cH&\/ 0wKonf f f tnw&taejzihfom rSwfwrf;wifjcif;cH&aomfvnf; oifcef;pm &p&mtaejzihfrl tnw&r[kwf/ tu,f tnw&[l qdkygvQif vnf; xdktnw& omoemawmf trsm;qHk;awGUBuHK& wwfaom tnw&jzpfyg\/ om0wdjynf olaX;om;wpfa,muf&Sd\/ olaX;om;qdk uwnf;u ol\pm;0wfae a&;onf tbufbufrS jynhp\/ xdaMumihf f kH Yk ol Y u d k csrf ; omol [ l avmuu owf r S w f x m; \/ avmu\ owfrwcsut&qdvQif olaX;om;onf csr;f omoljzpfonf/ od&mwGif S f f k Yk ol a X;om;url ol Y u d k , f o l csrf ; omol [ l rowf r S w f / tNrJqif;&Jol[lom owfrSwf\/ odkY owfrSwfcsufjcif; jcm;em;\/ avmuu A[d ' u d k Munh f owf r S w f j cif ; jzpf \ / ol a X;om;u tZwudkMunhf owfrSwfjcif;jzpf\/ MunfhyHkjcif; rwlaomtcg jrifyHkjcif;vnf; jcm;em;oGm;avonf/ csrf;omjcif;[lonfrSm Nidrf;csrf;jcif; jzpf\ / xd k Y aMumih f jrwfpmbk&m;uvnf; tjrihq;kH csr;f omudk oEoc[l orkwxm;jcif; G f d k f jzpf \ / oE d o k c \teuf r S m Nid r f ; csrf ; rI csrf ; om [l jzpf \ / tbd"rma0g[m&t&qdkvQif csrf;omjcif;[lonfrSm okca0'em\ trnfjzpf\/ okca0'em[lonfrSm csrf;omudkcHpm;jcif; [ljzpf\/ od&mwGif y#dporkym'fa'oem awmft&qdvQif ]]a0'emyp,m wPSm}} Yk k [l qdjk cif;aMumihf okca0'em[lonf ppfreaom csr;f omjcif;r[kw/ S f f wPSmjzihf cHpm;&aom csrf;omrsdK;omjzpf\/ ]]a0'emyp,m wPSm}} r[kwfawmhbJ ]]a0'emyp,mynm (orm'd|d)}} jzpfygrS ppfrSefaom csrf;om oEdokcudk &rnfjzpf\/ odkY olaX;om;u em;vnf\/ olaX;om;onf ]]a0'emyp,mynm}} (orm'd|d) jzpfygrS ppfreaom csr;f omoEoc udk &Edire;f awmhoyg\/ od&mwGif ]]a0'em S f d k k f S d Yk yp,m ynm (orm'd|d)}} jzpfatmif rnfodkY vkyf&rSef;awmhrod/ trSef tm;jzihf olaX;om;onf a0'emEkyemowdy|mefw&m;udk remMum; zl;aomaMumifhom xdkuJhodkY csrf;omppf csrf;omrSef oEdokc&enf;udk rodjcif;jzpf\/ xdacwfu om0wjd ynfwif omoemawmf xGef;um;csdefjzpf k G ojzihf aZw0efausmif;awmf &[ef;awmfrsm; rsm;pGmoDwif;oHk;vsuf &SdMu\/ xdk&[ef;awmfrsm;xJrS &[ef;awmfwpfyg;onf olaX;om;ESihf tuRrf;0if\/ olaX;om;tdrfodkY <uvmavh&Sd\ xdkYaMumihf olaX;om; onf rdrdtdrfodkY<uvmavh&Sdaom q&m&[ef;tm; ppfrSefaomcsrf;om oEdokc &&m&aMumif; enf;vrf;aumif;udk ar;jref;avQmufxm;\/ trSeftm;jzihf olaX;om;onf b0'ku rS vGwfajrmufvdkvSNyDjzpf\/ olaX;om;onf q&m&[ef;tm; b0'kurS vGwfajrmufrnhf usihfpOfudk ar;jref;avQmufxm;&m ]]pma&;wefqGrf;vSLvQif b0'kurS vGwfajrmufonf}} [k q&m&[ef;u olaX;om;tm; rdefYMum;\/ olaX;om;onf q&m&[ef; rdefYMum;onhftwdkif; pma&;wefqGrf;udk vSLyg\/ odkY&mwGif xdkodkYvSLjcif;tm;jzihf a0'emyp,mynm (orm 'd|d) rjzpfcJh/ xdkodkY rjzpfcJhaomaMumihf a0'em\jzpfysufudkrjrif/ jzpf y suf u d k r jrif v Qif 0d y emPf r jzpf / 0d y emPf u d k r Q r&vQif r*f z d k v f u d k r &/ r*f z d k v f u d k r &vQif ppf r S e f a omcsrf ; om oEdokcudk &zdkYr&Sd/ xdkYaMumifh olaX;om;onf rsufarSmuf csrf;omudk rawGUcJh/ xdkYaemuf q&m&[ef;u 0gqdkouFef;udk vSLygqdkojzihf 0gqdkouFef;udk vSLjyef\/ odkY&mwGif olvdkcsifaom csrf;omudk r&cJh/ xdkYaemuf q&m&[ef;u rdrdykdifypnf;\ oHk;yHk-wpfyHkudk omoemawmf vSLyg[kqdkojzihf olaX;om;u vSLjyef\/ odkY&mwGif olvdkcsifaom csrf;omudk r&cJh/ q&m&[ef;u o&P*Hk aqmufwnfckdif;vQifvnf; aqmufwnf\/ ig;yg;oDv? &Spfyg;oDv? q,fyg;oDvwdkYudk apmifhoHk; cdkif;vQifvnf; olaX;om;onf apmifhoHk;\/ odkY&mwGif olvdkcsifaom csrf;omudkum; r&cJh/ aemufqHk;wGif q&m&[ef;u omoemhabmif &[ef;jyK&ef olaX;om;tm; wdkufwGef;\/ q&m&[ef;wdkufwGef;onhf twdi;f olaX;om;onf omoemawmf &[ef;jyKav\/ omoemawmf k aumif;rIwdkYudk tpOftwdkif; jyKaomaMumifh olaX;om;udk ]]tEkykA}} olaX;om;[l ac:\/ trSeftm;jzihf olaX;om;onf ol\ cEmudk ]]ig}} tjzpfjrifol r[kwf/ olwpdrf;tjzpfom jrifoljzpf\/ cEmudk,fonf olpdrf;jyifjyif jzpfygvsuf cEmudk,f\ a0,s0pukd rnnf;nLbJ cPrpJ tNrJvkyfudkif aqmif&Gufay;ae&\/ bmaMumifhygenf;/ tajzudk olaX;om;odcsif \/ eHeufr;kd vif;vQif rsuEmopfay;&\/ xrif;qmvQif xrif;auR;&\/ f S a&iwfvQif a&wkduf&\/ anmif;vQif tanmif;ajyatmif a&TUay;&\/ rsm;jyvS o nh f cE m ud k , f \ a0,sm0p r sm;ygwum;/ cE m ud k , f \ a0,s0prsm;udk aqmif&uay;ae&onfEiyif b0onf tcsef ukec\/ G f S hf d f hJ ]]bm&m[a0 yuEm}} [lonhftwdkif; cEmig;yg;onf BuD;av;vSaom 0efxkyf0efydk; jzpfonfudk olaX;om;onf oabmayguf\/ tu,f cEmig;yg;udk ]]ig}} [l rSwfxifxm;olrsm;twGuf qdvQiawmh tworHayrH ew-[lonhtwdi;f cEmig;yg;ESifh ywfouf k f d f k aqmif&Guf&orQtm;vHk;onf om,mzG,fcsnf;jzpfyg\/ odkY&mwGif cEmig;yg;udk ]]ol}} [l rSwfxifxm;aom olaX;om;twGufrSmrl cEmig;yg;ESiywfouf aqmif&u&orQ tm;vH;k onf qif;&J'u ppfppf hf G f k jzpfav\/ xdkYaMumifh xdkcEm'kurS olaX;om;onf vGwfajrmufvdkjcif; pmrsufESm 24 okdY

TALKS ON THE DHAMMA

"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS
dhamma discussion.

19

awGaMumifvyJ w&m;cspcifoawmfpif"rrwaqGrsm; tcsi;f csi;f ? w&m; h J f l d f "reJYywfoufvdkY yGifhvif;vGwfvyfpGm ar;jref;aqG;aEG;cGifh&&SdEdkifMuwm ,if;odkY pnf;pepfwus jyKrlaexdkifvmwwfMujcif;tm;jzihf jzpfygw,f}} omreftpm;tpmrsm;jzihfom pm;aomufMu&aom eHeufpm pm;0dkif;wGif Twice a week there is an evening group meeting for yg0ifpm;aomufEkdifvmMuonhftjyif vlpkvla0;jzihf pkaygif;usif;yavh&Sd meditation, chanting and a dhamma talk. There is sometimes a Muavh&Sdaom ausmif;ocFrf;rsm;udk pnf;urf;wus tkyfcsKyfxdef;odrf; sutta study class one morning a week as well. The monastery also has an extensive library of books Ek d i f a pa&; tpnf ; ta0;rsm;ES i h f wpf c gwpf & H u sif ; yavh & S d a om and recordings of dhamma talks. The nuns and lay guests thus "romupmw&m;aqG;aEG;yGrsm;odYk yg0ifwufa&mufvmEkiMf uavonf/ J d
After a morning work period, lay visitors come to offer the main meal and the nuns give a short dhamma teaching. After the meal, a senior nun makes herself available for lay people to speak to. are given good support in their dhamma education.

eHeufyi;f tvkyvycseNf y;D qH;k onftcgwGif tvSL&Si{nhonf kd f k f d h f f rsm;a&muf&SdvmMuNyD;onhfaemuf if;wdkY,laqmifvmMuaom t"du tpm;tpmrsm;jzihf auR;arG; vSL'gef;Muav&m tvSLcHov&Siq&mav; D f rsm;uvnf; yxemqkreaumif;rsm;ay;jcif;jzihf wkejYf yefaus;Zl;qyfvsuf G f twdkcsKyfw&m;"rrsm;udk a[majymay;Muavonf/ vma&muf v S L 'gef ; xm;aom tpm;taomuf r sm;ud k pm;aomuf N yD ; Muonf h t cgwG i f ,if ; awm&ausmif ; ocF r f ; rS odum0gtBuD;&ihfqHk;oDv&Sif q&mBuD;rsm;u "rESihf pyfaom w&m;rsm; jzihf tvSL&Sifrsm;tm; a[mMum;csD;jrihfMuavonf/
Once lay visitors leave and clean-up is finished, one is free to pursue personal dhamma study or practice.

naeydkif;tpktzGJUtaejzihf? &ufowwpfywfvQif ESpf&ufESpf Burus? 0dembm0emur|mef;w&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwMf u&onhtjyif? d f f y&dwfw&m;awmfrsm;udk pkaygif;&GwfqdkyGm;rsm;MuNyD;aemuf? "romupm aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udkyg usif;yMuavonf/ xdkYjyif ckepf&ufwpfywfvQif owfrwxm;aom aeYwpfaeY\eHeufcif;tcsersm;? okwea'oemawmf S f d f f rsm;udk pkaygif;avhvmqnf;yl;Mu&onf/ xdaemuf if;ausmif;ocFr;f wGif wnfaxmifxm;aom tvGef Yk jynhpkHonfh &nfe;f pmMunhwu&dS "rpmayusr;f pmtkyrsm;ESifh toHoi;f f T f kd f f G w&m;acGrsm;udk zwfIem;qifum avhvmqnf;yl;Mu&avonf/ ,if; awm&ausmif;ocFr;f &Sd oDv&Sirsm;onf y&d,w?d y#dywynm&yfrsm;udk f d ylyefaMumifhusrIr&Sd pdwfcsrf;omudk,fusef;rmpGm rjywfrvyf qnf;yl; avhvmoif,aeEdiMf uap&eftwGu?f vl0wfaMumif'g,um'g,dumrwdYk l k u tNrJwef;vSL'gef;axmufyHhxm;vsuf &SdMuavonf/
The teachings given are in some ways tailored especially for women. For instance, one sutta selected for close study was about arahant bhikkhuni disciples of the Buddha and how each proclaimed her enlightenment.

wpfcgwpf&Hvma&mufMuaom {nhfonfrsm;onf awm& ausmif;ocFrf;rsm; wnf;cdkaexdkifMuNyD;aemuf ausmif;oefY&Sif;a&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif NyD;qHk;onfhwdkifatmif yg0ifvkyftm;ay;aqmif&GufMu avonf/ wcsdKUaom {nhfonfrsm;onf wpfOD;csif;pDtvdkuf w&m; "rrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf; avhvmqnf;yl;MuNyD; wpfcsdKUuvnf; 0dyem ur|mef;w&m;rsm;udkvnf; vufawGUudk,fawGUyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMuav onf/
A group tea-time in the evening is optional, but most avail of the opportunity to come together as a community and talk informally.

vma&mufMuaom {nhfonfrsm;teufrS tkyfpkwpfpk[mqdk vQif naeydkif;vufzuf&nfaomufcsdefwGif wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aqG;aEG;ar;jref;Ekdifaom tcGihfta&;udk pdwfBudKuf toHk;csvsuf cifrif&if;ESD;rI&Sd&Sdjzihf if;wdkY odvkdonfrsm;udk yGihfyGihfvif; vi;f pl;prf;ar;jref;oGm;avonf/
Another laywoman who has stayed at both monk and nun monasteries remarked," I like it how here you can sit and talk with the nuns. It's important to have spiritual friends you can discuss the dhamma with."

ocFr;f ausmif;rsm;wGif trsKd ;orD;rsm;twGuf wwfuRr;f em; vnfxm;Mu&rnhf oufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&yfrsm;udvnf; oifMum;ay; k avonf/ txl;ojzihf trsKd ;orD;wki;f wwfuRr;f xm;Mu&rnhf txnfcsKyf d tcsKyftvkyfynmrsm;udk oifMum;ay;onfqdkonf/ ,ckuoYkd y&d,wd y#dyw"rrsm;udk oif,qnf;yl;avhvmae& hJ d l rIrsm; ukefqHk;csKyfNidrf;oGm;onfh tcdkuftwefYaomumvuav;twGif; wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ wynhfom; bduKeDorD;awmfwpfyg;tjzpfodkY kwcsn;f ul;ajrmufom;rnf[k okwea'oemawmfaumufEwcsuwpf&yf f G f I f f wGif azmfjyxm;avonf/ ,if;odkY oHo&m0#f'kuwdkYrS jywfpJukefqHk;onhftjzpfudk od&Sd aom todPftvif;jzih?f vGwajrmufNir;f at;aomtjzpfoYkd ud,wif f d k f kd qdkufa&mufNyDjzpfaMumif;udk O'gef;pum;wpf&yfjzihf oludk,fwdkifu xkwfazmfa<u;aMumfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
It highlighted and offered greater insight into women's speritual achievement, which is rarely discussed in this much detail in monk dhamma talks.

tjcm;aom 'g,dumtrsKd ;orD;rsm;uqdvQif &[ef;oHCmawmf k xdkodkYaomjzpf&yfudprsdK;rSm &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;? &Hzef&HcgrQom BuHK rsm;ESifh oDv&Sifrsm;\ ausmif;ocFrf;rsm; rnfodkYrnfyHkuGJjym;jcm;em;rI awmihfBuHKcJ? jzpfacgihfjzpfcJudprsdK;jzpf&yfrsdK;jzpf? &[ef;oHCmawmf &SMd uonfukd ausmif;rsm; wnf;cdaexdiNf y;D apmifMh unhavhvmtuJcwf rsm; tv,f pdwf0ifwpm;tao;pdwf pdppfaqG;aEG;Murnfudpwpf&yf k k f Muonfqdkonf/ yif jzpfavonf/ ]]oDv&Sifq&mav;awGeJY ajymqdkqufqHMu&wJhtcgrsm;rSm? (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) tJ'ov&Siq&muav;awG&UJ ,Ofaus;pGmajymqdjk yKraexdiMf uyHrsm;[m D D f l k k "r 0 D & oE m tvGefw&mESpfNcdKufMunfEl;p&maumif;avmufatmif ysLiSmMuygw,f/ tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g' tJ'Dvdk wpfOD;tay:wpfOD;tav;teufxm;NyD; ajymqdkjyKrlqufqHEdkifrI Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f ? &ef u k e f /

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
21/ xderd'y&d,|? xde rd' x<uaomif;use;f aeaom/ k d yk&oyk*v? a,musm;yk*Kd vtm;/ 0d*wxderd'wm? xderd' uif;&Si;f d f f rIonf/ y&dedAmem,? xde rd'[laom tukodkvf"r\Nidrf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ 22/ O'p? ysHUvGifhaompdwf&Sdaom/ yk&doyk*v? a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;/ tEk'pH? O'puif;&Sif;rIonf/ y&dedAmem,? O'p [laom tukodkvf"r\Nidrf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ 23/ 0dpupm? ,Hrm;jcif;&Saeaom/ yk&oyk*va,musm; d d k S d d f yk*dKvftm;/ wdP0dpdudpmwm? 0dpdudpmudk vGefajrmufrIonf/ y&dedAm em,? 0dpdudpm[laom tukodkvf"r\Nidrf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ 24/ aum"e? trsufxGufjcif;tavh&Sdaom/ yk&oyk*v d a,musm;yk*Kd vtm;/ tauma"m? trsufa'go uif;&Sif;rIonf/ f f y&deAmem,? aum"[laom tukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ d kd f d 25/ Oyem[d? &efNidK;zGJUjcif; tavh&Sdaom/yk&oyk*v d a,musm; yk*Kd vtm;/ tEkyem[dwm? &efNiKd ;zGUJ jcif;tavh uif;&Si;f rIonf/ f f y&dedAmem,? Oyem[[laom tukodkvf"r\Nidrf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ 26/ ru? aus;Zl;udk acszsujf cif;tavh&aom/ yk&oyk*v d dS d a,musm; yk*dKvftm;/ traum? aus;Zl;acszsufjcif; tavhuif;&Sif; f rIonf/ y&deAmem,? ru[aom tukov"r\Nidrf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? d l kd f jzpf\/ 27/ yvmod? olwpfyg;\aumif;aom*kPfudk raumif; jzpfvmatmif tzsif;rljcif;tavh&Sdaom/ yk&oyk*v a,musm; d f yk * d K vf t m;/ tyvmaom? tzsif ; rl j cif ; tavh u if ; &S i f ; rI o nf / y&dedAmem,? yvmo[laom tukodkvf"r\Nidrf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ 28/ kud? olwpfyg;\ *kPfusufoa&udk jiLpljcif; tavh&Sdaom/ yk&oyk*v a,musm; yk*dKvftm;/ tedkudwm? d f jiLpl jcif ; tavh u if ; &S i f ; rI o nf / y&dedAmem,? k u [l a om tukov"r \Nirf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ kd f d
(Continue from last week) 21. thinamiddhapariyutt hissa .. purisapuggalassa vigatathinamiddhata - parinibbanaya hoti = For the man who is overwhelmed with thina middha, sloth and torpor, =the state of being free from sloth and torpor =is for the appeasement of akusala, thina-middha, sloth and torpor. For the man whose mind is restless =the state of being free from restlessness =is for the appeasement of the akusala, restlessness. =For the man who has sceptical doubts =the overcoming of sceptical doubts =is for the appeasement of sceptical doubts. =For the man who used to be angry. =the state of being free from anger =is for the appeasement of akusala the anger =For the man who has enmity againast others =the state of being free from enmity =is for the appeasement of the akusala enmity =For the man who used to be ungrateful =the state of being free from ungrateful to others

(Nibbana Di pan

22. Uddhatassa purisapuggalassa anuddhaccam - parinibbanaya hoti 23. vicikicchassa purisapuggalassa tinnamvicikicchata - parinibbanaya hoti 24. Kodhanassa purisapuggalassa akodho - parinibbanaya hoti 25. upanahissa purisapuggalassa - anupanahita - parinibbanaya hoti 26. makkhissa purisapuggalassa amakkho

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
29/ rp&? 0efwjkd cif;tavh&aom/ yk&oyk*v a,musm; dS d f yk*dKvftm;/ trp&d,H? 0efwdkjcif;tavh uif;&Sif;rIonf/ y&deAmem,? d rp&d, [laom tukov"r \Nirf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ kd f d 30/ o|? pOf;vJaom? yk&oyk*v a,musm; yk*Kd vtm;/ d f f tomaX,s?H pOf;vJjcif;uif;&Si;f rIonf/ y&deAmem,? omaX,s [laom d tukov"r \Nirf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ kd f d 31/ rm,m0d? vSnhfywfjcif;tavh&Sdaom/ yk&oyk*v d a,musm; yk*dKvftm;/ trm,m0dwm? vSnhfywfjcif;rS uif;&Sif;rIonf/ f y&deAmem,? rm,m[laom tukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ d kd f d 32/ x'? trsufapmifrmef cufxefaom/ yk&oyk*v d a,musfm; yk*dKvftm;/ tx'd,H? trsufapmifrmef cufxefjcif;rS uif;&Sif;rIonf/ y&deAmem,? x' [laom tukov"r \Nirf;jcif;iSm/ d kd f d a[mwd? jzpf\/ 33/ twd r med ? rvG e f r meBuD ; aom/ yk&doyk*v a,musm; yk*Kd vtm;/ tewdrmaem? tvGeaomrmerS uif;&Si;f rIonf/ f f f y&deAm em,? twdrme[laom tukov"r \Nirf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? d kd f d jzpf\/ 34/ 'kAp? ajymqdq;kH rjcif;iSm raumif;aom pum;&Saom/ k d yk&doyk*v a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;/ aom0pwm? ajymqdkqHk;r vG,aom pum;&Sonf\ tjzpfonf/ y&deAmem,? a'g0pwm[l f d d aom tukov"r\Nirf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ kd f d 35/ ygyrdw? raumif;aomtaqGcifye;f &Saom/ yk&oyk* G d d v a,musm; yk*dKvftm;/ uvsmPrdwwm? taqGcifyGef;aumif;&Sd f onf\tjzpfonf/ y&deAmem,? ygyrdwwm[laom tukodkvf"r d \Nirf;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ d 36/ yrw? ukovaumif;rI arhavsmwwfaom/ yk&oyk* kd f h d v a,musf m ;yk * d K vf t m;/ ty r ma'g? uk o d k v f a umif ; rI \ rarhravsmjh cif;onf/ y&deAmem,? yrm'[laom tukov"r \Nir;f jcif; d kd f d iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ 37/ to'? o'gw&m;r&Saom/ yk&oyk*v a,musm; d d f yk*dKvftm;/ o'g? o'gw&m;onf/ y&dedAmem,? to'd,[laom tukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ kd f d
- parinibbanaya hoti 27. palasissa purisapuggalassa apalaso 28. issukissa purisapuggalassa anissukita - parinibbanaya hoti 29. macharassa purisapuggalassa amacchariyam - parinibbanaya hoti akusala of selfishness 30. sathassa treacherous purisapuggalassa asatheyam - parinibbanaya hoti - 31. mayavissa purisapuggalassa - amayavita - parinibbanaya hoti 32. Thaddhassa purisapuggalassa athaddhiyam parinibbanaya hoti =is for the appeasement of ungrateful to others =For the man who used to talk ills of others, =the state of being free from talking ills of others =For the man who used to envy others =the state of being free from envy =is for the appeasement of akusala of envy. =For the man who is selfish. =the state of being free from selfishness =is for the appesement of =For the man who is

by

LEDI SAYADAW

=the state of being free from treachery =is for the appeasement of akusala of treachery. =For the man who used to trick others =the state of being free from trickery =is for the appeasement of akusala of trickery. =For the man who is stubborn =the state of being free from stubbornness =is for the appeasement of

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ionf/

33. Atimanissa purisapuggalassa anatimano - parinibbanaya hoti 34. dubbacassa purisapuggalassa sovacassata - parinibbanaya hoti 35. papamittassa purisapuggalassa kalayanamittata -naya hoti parinibba 36. pamattassa purisapuggalassa appamado - parinibbanaya hoti 37. asaddhassa saddha - parinibbanaya hoti akusala of stubbornness. =For the man who is exter emely conceited =the state of being free from extreme conceit =is for the appeasement of akusala of extreme conceit. =For the man who is difficult to be admonished =the state of being easily admonished =is for the appeasement of a kusala of being difficult to be admonished. =For the man who has bad companions =the state of having good friends =is for the appeasement of having bed companions =For the man who is heedless in wholesome kusala = the state of being heedful in wholesome kusala =is for the appeasement of akusala of heedlessness. =For the man who had no faith- and purisopuggalassa confidence =the state of having faithand-confidence. =is for the appeasement of the akusala of non faith-and -confidence. =For the man who is shameless =the state of being ashamed of the unwholesome akusala =is for the appeasement of the akusala of shameless ness, =For the man who has no fear of the dangers of apaya and samsara, the four lower worlds and the round of rebirths. =the state of being in fear =is for the appeasement of the akusala of no fear =For the man who has little knowledge =the state of having much knowledge of the pal.i text =is for the appeasement of the akusala of little knowledge =For the man who is lazy

38/ t[d&du? t&Sufr&Sdaom/ yk&oyk*v a,musm; d f yk*Kd vtm;/ [d&?D tukovrS &Sujf cif;onf/ y&deAmem,? t[d&u[laom f kd f d d tukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ kd f d 39/ taemwy? tyg,fab;? oHo&mab;wd taMumuf d Yk tvefYr&Sdaom/ yk&oyk*v a,musm;yk*dKvftm;/ Mowyonf/ d f y&deAmem,? taemwy[aom tukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ d l kd f d 40/ tykw? w&m;usrf;*eftMum;tjrif enf;yg;vS aom/ yk&oyk*v a,musm;yk*dKvftm;/ Am[kpH? w&m;usef;*ef d f tMum;tjrifrsm;onf\tjzpfonf/ y&deAmem,? tykw[laom d tukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ kd f d 41/ ukow? ysi;f &daom/yk&oyk*v a,musm;yk*Kd vtm;/ d d f f 0D&d,m&arm? 0D&d,udk tm;xkwfrIonf/ y&deAmem,? aumoZ[aom d l tukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ kd f d 42/ rk|owd ? owdvGwfuif;aom/ yk & d o yk * v ? a,musf m ;yk * d K vf t m;/ Oy|d w owd w m? xif a omowd & S d o nf \ tjzpfonf/ y&deAmem,? rk|owd[aom tukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ d l kd f d a[mwd? jzpf\/ 43/ 'kyn? ynmr&Saom/ yk&oyk*v a,musm;yk*Kdvtm;/ d d f f ynmor'g? ynm\ jynfhpHkjcif;onf/ y&deAmem,? 'kyn[laom d tukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ kd f d 44/ oE|y&mrmoD tm'ge*g[D 'ky#e*? rdrjd rifrjd rif&m d d d d d rdpmt,ludkom rSm;aomtm;jzihf oHk;oyfavh&Sdaom? rdrdjrifrdjrif&m rdpmt,ludkom NrJNrHpGm,lavh&Sdaom? rdrdjrifrdjrif&m rdpmt,ludk pGevwjf cif;iSm tvGec,Of;aom tavh&aom/ yk&oyk*v a,musm; Yf T f J dS d f yk*Kdvtm;/ toE|d y&rmoDtem 'ge*g[D oky#e*wm? rdrjd rifrjd rif&m f d d d d rdpmt,lukd rSm;aomtm;jzihf oH;k oyfjcif;r&S?d rdrjd rifrjd rif&m rdpmt,lukd NrJNrJpGm ,lavhr&Sdrl? rdrdjrifrdjrif&m rdpmt,ludk pGefYvTwfvG,frIonf y&deAmem,? xdkxdktukov"r\Nir;f jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ d kd f d (um;-oav c ok w f y gVd a wmf r S m vmaom w'*F y &d edAmef (44) yg;wnf;/ (44) yg;onfvnf; OyvuPrQom wnf ; /) avmu tukov"rw\ jzpfym;rIwrnfonf toacs?F kd f Ykd G Ykd toacsF ra&wGufEdkif rsm;jym;ukef\/ xdktukodkvf"rwdkYudk toD;oD; y,f&Sm;&ef ukodkvf"rwdkY\ jzpfyGm;rIwdkYonfvnf; toacsF toacsF ra&wGufEkdif rsm;jym;ukef\/ y,f&Sm;Ekdifojzifh xkdtukokdvf"rwkdY\ jzpfyGm;rI\ w'*Ftm; jzifh tjzpfNidrf;rI[laom w'*Fy&dwfedAmefonfvnf; toacsF? toacsF ra&rwGufEkdifrsm;jym;ukef\/ wpfckwpfckaom ukokdvf"raqmufwnfojzifh wpfckwpfck aom tukokdvf"r\ Nidrf;rI[laom wpfckwpfckaom w'*FedAmefonf taoacsF,s? tyar,s tzkd;xkdufwef\/ xkw'*FeAmefonfvnf; b,fuovw&m;ukd aqmufwnf d d k dk f ig\pdwfoEmef0,f b,ftukokdvf tyltavmifw&m;Nidrf;ayonf[k ukd,fawGU'd|awGUBuHK&aom y&rw"r wpfrsKd;yifwnf;/ jyqkdcJhNyD;aom orKwdedAmefxuf w'*FedAmefonf tq uka#ruomvGefjrifhjrwf\/ bk&m;tp&Sdaom avmuD avmukw&m ynm&Sdtaygif; olawmfaumif;wkdYonf tvGefcsD;rGrf;tyf\/ w'*F edAmefonf r[medAmefBuD;\ tyif;toif;uJhokdYjzpf\/ ( um;- w'*FedAmefwnf;/) (qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

38. ahirikassa purisapuggalassa hiri - parinibbanaya hoti

39. anuttappissa purisapuggalassa

ottappam - parinibbanaya hoti 40. appasutassa puggalassa bahussaccam - parinibbanaya hoti

41. kusitassa

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'\ax&0g' "rw&m;tppfxGef;um;&ef jzpfonf/ pmrsuf E S m 8 rS 'D e musif r I c H p m; ae&wm[m ol Y o bm0 tavsmuf j zpf a ewm? ighqEaMumifh jzpfaewmr[kwf? igcHpm;aewm r[kwf? a0'em[m jzpfNyD;ysuf? wpfzeftopfxyfjzpfvkdYaewm? 'Da0'emeJY ig[m wjcm;pDyg? wu,fawmh kyemrfwm&Swm igqkwm&Srr&Sb?J a0'emukd cHpm;olr&Syg/ f d d d S d d tJ'vkd emusira0'emukyJ tmkav;pkuNf y;D owdav;uyfaer,fq&if D f I d H d dk pdwfuav;at;csrf;vmNyD; emusifrIa0'em[m wjznf;jznf;oufom vmEkiygw,f/ a0'em&JU tJ'vjdk zpfjcif; ysujf cif;ukd odaeatmifavhusihf d f D ay;&ygr,f/ tJ'g[m a0'emEkyem jzpfaewmyg/ a&S;ynm&Sd q&mawmfBuD;rsm;[m a&m*g a0'emjzpfaewm ukdyJ tcGifhaumif;,lNyD; w&m;tm;xkwfMuygw,f/ a&m*grjzpfwJh tcsdefrSm wm0efvkyfief;rsm;eJY rtm;vyf o nf h t wG u f w&m; tm;xk w f c sd e f e nf ; aevk d Y y g/ a&m*g jzpfay:aeawmh vkyfief;awGvnf; rvkyfEkdif/ tcsdefjynfh a&m*gukd taMumif;jyKNyD; w&m;IrSwfjzpfygw,f/ 3/ pdwmEkyem owdy|mef - pdwf&JU trlt&mawGukd I r S w f r I / rd r d & J U twG i f ; pd w f u av;uk d tajccH N yD ; owd a v;uyf c g I r S w f a ejcif ; uk d qk d v k d y gw,f / 'D a e&mrS m yk d N yD ; *k j yK&ygr,f / bmaMumifhvnf;qkdawmh pdwfqkdwm tifrwefjrefwJht&m0wKyg/ rdrdpdwfuav;vIyf&Sm;wkdif; odaeatmifavhusifhyg/ pdwfuav;u tmk H w pf c k o k d Y a &muf N yD ; aemuf w pf a e&mok d Y a jymif ; wk d i f ; od a eyg/ tmk H w pf c k o d k Y a&muf j cif ; onf jzpf j cif ; yg/ aemuf t mk H w pf c k o d k Y ajymif;wJhtcg rlvtmkH[m ysufoGm; ygNyD/ rdrdpdwf&JU tJ'Dvkdjzpfjcif; ysujf cif;ukoaeyg/ rdrpwom;wki;f trSwjf yK ae&if pdwmEkyemygyJ/ d d d d f G d 4/ "rmEkyem owdy|mef - oabmtmkHawGudk IrSwfrI/ tqif;? toH? teH?Y t&om? tawGUtxd? odrI vkqwtmkajcmufyg;rSm Yd dk hJ H
purisapuggalassa viriyarambho - parinibbanaya hoti 42. mutthasatissa purisapuggalassa upatthitasatita - parinibbanaya hoti
~~ 43. duppan n assa purisapuggalassa -~~pan nasampada - parinibbanaya hoti

23

IrSwfjcif;yg/ jrifwwfwJhtmkHay:rSm tjyifbuf tacsm? tvS? tqkd;rQ ukdomrMunfhbJ twGif;usus MunfhwwfjrifwwfzkdY tvGefta&;BuD; ygw,f/ xktwlyJ Mum;wJtoH? eHwteH?Y cHpm;&wJh t&om? tawGUtxd Yd h hJ ponfwkdYukdvnf; owd av;eJY,SOfNyD; IrSwfjcif;ukdqkdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ur|memp&d, q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;u jrifwdkif; jrifwkdif;rSmowd&Sd? rif k y f e mrf j zpf y suf j rif a tmif M unf h ? Mum;wd k i f ; Mum;wk d i f ; owd & S d ? unf kyfemrfjzpfysuf jrifatmifMunh ponfjzifh qkH;rygw,f/ 'guawmh ukokdvftpktykHjzpfwJh owdy|mef(4) yg;yJjzpfygw,f/ jrwfAk' y&dedAmefpHNyD;wJhaemufykdif;rSm owdy|mef(4)yg;ukd yGm;rsm;rIr&S&if omoem MumMumrwnfEiygbl; vkqygw,f/ 'gaMumifh d dk f Yd dk owdy|mef(4)yg;[m omoemrSmtvGeta&; Bu;D vSygw,f/ odtwGuf f Yk aMumifh pmIolwkdYvnf; rdrdukd,fukd aumif;rI? raumif;rI tpktykH(2)ykH cGJNyD; b,f[mutav;omaew,fqkdwm okH;oyfNyD;um jyKjyifzkdYyJvkdyg awmhw,f/ eD0&Pig;yg;ukd twwfEiq;Hk y,f? owdy|mef(4)yg;ukd twwf dk f EkdifqkH; vufudkifxm;r,fqkd&if taumif;qkH;b0eJY taumif;qkH; tvkyf vkyaejcif;ygyJ/ pmIo"rrwaqG taygif;wkvnf; rdrb0ukd taumif; f l d f Yd d qk H ; jzpf a tmif Bud K ;pm;Ek d i f M uygapvk d Y w&m;ppf w &m;rS e f w k d Y u k d o m xGef;jyavh&SdwJh "r0D&*sme,frS wpfqifh wkdufwGef;qEjyKvkdufyg\/ (oA o w m eH ok c d w m a[mE K ) Zd a em&o- t&S i f E o D [ (vS n f ; ul ; ) usrf ; uk d ; (oH? yg|fd? w 127-151) t|omvdeD t|uxm
being easy for him to dispell his wrong views parinibbanaya hoti =is for the appeasement of his akusala of wrong views. [These are 44 tadanga parinibbanas as mentioned in sallekha sutta; they too are only upalakkhana] In this world the appearing of the akusala dhamma is asankhyeyya numerous. And the appearing of the kusala dhamma to dispell the akusala dhamma respectively is also asankhyeyya numerous. As the akusala dhamma can be dispelled, the momentary appeasement of it, the tadanga parinibbana is also asankhyeyya numerous. As the kusala dhamma established, the appeasement of each akusala dhamma, the tadanga nibbana is asankhyeyya appameyya precious. That tadanga nibbana is also a kind of ultimate which is experienced with the body as such a kusala dhamma is established and such a burnt of akusala dhamma is appeased. This tadanga nibbana is many times nobler than the said sammuti nibbana; this tadanga nibbana is much praised by the wise and the virtuous of mundane and supramundane, the Buddha etc. This tadanga nibbana is just like that association of mahanibbana. . [This is tadanga nibbana] (To Be Continue) suppatinissaggita

=the state of being diligent =is for the appeasement of the akusala of laziness. =For the man who is heedless =the state of having heedful ness =is for the appeasement of the akusala ofheedlessness. =For the fool = the state of being wise =is for the appeasement of foolishness =For the man who used to catch hold of his wrong views tightly and it is very difficult for him to dispell his wrong views =the state of not catching hold of his wrong views tightly and the state of

- 44. sandit.t.hiparamasi - adanagahi duppatinissaggissa purisapuggalassa - asanditthiparamasi - anadanagahi

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"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/ aumif;rIrsm;udk jyKvyawmhrnf/ rdronf &[ef;b0jzihf omoemawmf k f d ae&ef roifhawmfoljzpfacs\/ odkY olaX;om;&[ef;u jrif\/ xdtaMumif;udk tjcm;oDwif;oH;k azmfrsm;u jrwfpmbk&m;tm; k G avQmufxm;Mu\/ trSeftm;jzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;ofn Ak'puKtpHkjzihf avmuudtNrwrf;Munhaeawmfr\/ Ak'puKrm ESpv;kH &S\/ rsupawmf k J f l S f d f d wpfv;kH udk ]]tmo,m Eko,Pf}} [lac:\/ tjcm;aom rsupawmf f d wpfvHk;udk ]`Ed,ya&my&d ,wHPf}} [lac:\/ tmo,mElo, Pf awmfjzihf xdkxdkow0gwdkY\ b0tjrifESihf tEk o,udavomudk Munhawmfr\/ jrwfpmbk&m;\ w&m;a'oemawmfudk Mum;em&wdkif; f l G ow0grsm; uRwfwrf;0ifMuonfr[kwf/ uRwfwrf;0ifxkdufaom yg&rD&SdygrSom uRwfwrf;0ifEdkifMu\/ yg&rD&SdrSvnf; w&m;"rwdkYudk xdk;xGif; odjrif Edkifaom pGrf;&nfudk&\/ onfudkyif ]]tmo ,}} [l qdk&\/ tmo,\teuft&if;rSm tjrif'd|djzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a0ae,swpfOD;wpfa,muf\ yg&rDtavsmuf jrifEdkifaompGrf;&nfudkMunhfNyD;rS xdkufwef&m w&m;a'oemawmfudk a[mMum;awmfrljcif;jzpf\/ t&rf;rJha[mMum;awmfrlrnfr[kwf/ xdkY aemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a0ae,s\ udavom txltyg;udkvnf; Munfhawmfrl\/ xdkodkY MunfhawmfrlNyD;rS xdkufwef&mw&m;a'oem awmfudk a[mMum;awmfrljcif;jzpf\/ odkY a0ae,swdkY\ tmo,ESihf tEko,ESpfrsdK;udk jrifEdkifpGrf;aom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ Pfawmfukd ]]tmo,mEko,Pfawmf}} [lqdk&\/ aemuf a0ae,swkdY\ a`EtEkt&ifhudkvnf; Munfhawmfrl\/ a`E&ifhcsdef ra&mufao; yguvnf; w&m;a'oemawmfukd a[mMum;awmfrrlao;bJ a`E&ifrnfh h tcsdefwdkifatmif apmifhawmfrl\/ odkY a0ae,swkdY\ aE&ifh csdef ra&mufao;yguvnf; w&m;a'oemawmfudk a[mMum;awmf rrl ao;bJ `E&ihfrnhftcsdefwdkifatmif apmifhawmfrl\/ odkY a0ae,s wdkY\ a`EtEkt&ifhudk odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ Pfawmfukd ]]a`E d , ya&m y&d , w d Pfawmf}} [l qdk&\/ Pfawmf ESpfyg;onfyif Ak'puKrnfyg\/ olaX;om; &[ef;ESifhywfoufvQif yg&rD&Sdaomfvnf; a`E &ifhcsdef vdkao;aMumif; jrwfpGmbk&m;u odawmfrlNyD;jzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf olaX;om;&[ef;tm; olEixuwef&m w&m;a'oemawmfukd a[mMum; S hf kd f awmf r rl a o;bJ tjcm;oD w if ; oH k ; azmf r sm;u vma&muf a vQmuf xm;onh f t csd e f t xd jrwf p G m bk & m;u apmif h a wmf r l a ejcif ; jzpf \ / rodqdkif;iHhaejcif;um; r[kwf/ xdtcg jrwfpmbk&m;onf olaX;om; &[ef;tm; ac:awmfrNl y;D k G ]]tjcm;oDwif; oH;k azmfrsm; avQmufxm;onhtwdi;f rSeavovm;}} [l f k f ar;awmfrlaomtcg olaX;om; &[ef;uvnf; rSefygaMumif; jyefvnf avQmuf w if \ / xd k t cg jrwf p G m bk & m;u ol a X;om; &[ef ; tm; ]]cspfom;&[ef; oifonf apmihfxdef;p&mtrsm;BuD;udk rapmifhxdef;&bJ wpfckwnf;udkom apmifhxdef;&rnfqdkvQif apmifhxdef;Edkifrnfavm}} [l ar;jref;awmfr&m wpfcwnf;udom apmifxe;f &rnfqvQif apmifxe;f Edif l k k h d kd h d k ygaMumif; olaX;om;&[ef;u jyefvnfavQmufxm;ojzihf jrwfpGm bk & m;u xk d w pf c k w nf ; aom apmif h x d e f ; p&mrS m pd w f j zpf a Mumif ; ? pdwfudkomEdkifatmif apmifhxdef;EdkifygvQif b0'kurS vGwfajrmufrnf jzpfaMumif; rdefYawmfrlNyD; atmufyg*gxmudk a[mMum;awmfrl\/ - pdwfonf jrifEdkifcJ\? odrfarGU\? rdrdESpfouf&mtmHkudk tmH k j yKavh & S d \ / - ynm&Sdonf rdrd\pdwfudk apmifhxdef;&\/ tu,fom

pmrsufESm 18 rS jzpf\/ trSeftm;jzihf olaX;om;onf 'kuopmudk tEkrmePftae jzih f a wmh &d y f p m;rd o l j zpf \ / op d u &PPf taejzih f o m od z d k vawmh\/ okjYd zpfom olaX;om;onf b0ESiywfouf tjcm;olrsm; Y kd fh ESihf tjrifrwljcif;jzpf\/ olaX;om;onf omoemawmf &[ef;jyKavNy/ olvcsiaom D kd f csrf;omppf\ oEdokcudk &awmhrnf? b0'kurS vGwfajrmufawmhrnf}} [l oluxifvkduf\/ odkY&mwGif ol\txifonf vGJrSm;aMumif; aemuf a wmh ol o d v k d u f & \/ ol & [ef ; jyK&mwG i f OyZm,f q &mu 0denf;"dk&f jzpf\/ urm0gpm q&mu tbd"rmaqmifjzpf\/ trSef tm;jzihf OyZm,fq&monfvnf;aumif;? ur0gpm q&monfvnf; aumif;? olaX;om;&[ef;\ pdkufudk odolrsm; r[kwfMu/ xdkYaMumihf ur0gpmq&muvnf; tbd"rmaqmifjzpfonftavsmuf tukodkvf w&m;rsm;taMumif ; ud k c snf ; a[mav\/ OyZm,f q &muvnf ; 0denf;"dk&fjzpfonhftavsmuf 0denf;odumyk'frsm; taMumif;udkcsnf; a[mav\/ olaX;om;&[ef;onf 0dyem"k&jzihf w&m;tm;xkwf&ef omoemawmf &[ef;jyKvmoljzpf\/ 0dyemw&m;tm;xkwfaom tcg a&S;OD;pGm oDvpifMu,fzv\/ &[ef;jzpfojzihf 0denf;odumyk'awmf Ykd kd f rsm;t& tmywf roifhzdkY vdk\/ tmywfroihfygrS oDvpifMu,f rnfjzpf \/ oDvpifMu,fygrS pdwfpifMu,frnf jzpf\/ oDvpifMu,fjcif;udk oDv0dok'd[kqdk\/ pdwfpifMu,fjcif;udk pdw0dok'd[k qdk\/ pdwf pif M u,f y grS orm"d & rnf j zpf \ / orm"d & ygrS 0d y emPf u d k &rnfjzpf\/ trSeftm;jzihf orm"dr&bJESihf 0dyem Ir&/ pdwfrpif Mu,fbJeJYvnf; orm"dr&/ orm"d[lonfrSm vnf; oDvpifMu,frS jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh &[ef; taejzihf oDvpifMu,fzdkYvdk\/ oDvpifMu,fzdkY qdkonfrSmvnf; 0denf;odumyk'fawmfrsm;t& tmywfroihfrSjzpfrnf/ ,ck olapmifhxdef;&rnhf 0denf;odumyk'fawmfrsm;um; rsm;vSygbdjcif;/ xdkodumyk'fawmfrsm;udk vHkNcHKatmif rnfuJhodkY apmifhxdef;&ygrnfenf;/ odumyk'fawmfrsm;udk vHkNcHKatmifapmihxe;f jcif;[lonfrm rdr\oEmef f d S d tukodkvfrsm; rjzpf&avatmif rnfuJhodkY apmihfxdef;&ygrnfenf;/ olaX;om;&[ef;onf rsm;pGm ylyifaomujzpf&\/ oDv0dok'djzpfa&; twG u f y if rsm;pG m aMumih f M upd k u f & \/ xd k t cg pd w f j zLpif r I pd w 0dok'djzpfa&;twGuf tm;xkwfzdkY cJ,Of;vm\/ pdw0dok'drjzpf vQif orm"d r &? orm"d r &vQif 0d y emyG m ;rjzpf ? 0d y em yG m ; rjzpf v Qif r*f z d k v f u d k rsuf a rS m uf r jyKEd k i f / r*f z d k v f u d k rsufarSmufrjyKEdkifvQif ppfrSefcsrf;om oEdokcudk &EdkifzdkYr&Sdawmh/ olaX;om; &[ef;onf b0'kurS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf w&m; tm;xkwfrIESifh ywfouf pOf;pm;vkdufwdkif; pdwfrcsrf;romjzpf&\/ wpfaeYwjcm; ydefydefvm\/ taMumNydKif; NydKif;x\/ 0JemayG;wdkYjzihf >yrf;\/ omoemawmf &[ef;b0[lonf ql;Mum;xJu bl;oD;ES,f ygwum;/ xdkYaMumihf olaX;om;&[ef;onf vlxGuf&ef pdwfqHk;jzwf vkduf\/ olaX;om;&[ef;onf ygVduvnf; roifawmh/ ur|mef;w&m; kd udkvnf; tm;rxkwfawmh/ olaX;om;&[ef;tm;xkwaom ur|mef; rSm f (32) aum|mour|mef;jzpf\/ xdkur|mef;udk tm;xkwfvQif ygVdudk vnf;oif&\/ ygVdudk vTwfrjzpf/ pdwfjzihfvnf; aum|morsm;udk yuwdrsupjd zihjf rifovdk jrifvmatmifym;rsm;&\/ od&mwGioaX;om; f G Yk f l &[ef;onf xdkur|mef;udktm;rxkwfawmhbJ vufavsmhNyD; vlxGuf &efom pdwfapmvsuf&Sd\/ vlYb0jzihfom rdrdpGrf;Edkifoavmuf ukodkvf

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"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/ rd r d \ pd w f u d k apmif h xd e f ; Ed k i f c J h a omf xd k p d w f o nf csrf ; omud k aqmif \ / ol a X;om;&[ef ; onf rl v u aum|mo ur | mef ; ud k pD;jzef;oljzpf\/ xdkacwfu aum|mour|mef;ESihf &[EmjzpfMuol rsm;jym;\/ xdkYaMumifh aum|mour|mef;udk olaX;om;&[ef;u pD;jzef;jcif;jzpf\/ od&mwGif aum|mour|mef;onf olaX;om;&[ef;ESihf Yk ravsmf/ olaX;om;&[ef;ESihf toifhawmfqHk; ur|mef;um; pdwm Ekyemowdy|mefjzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;u olaX;om;&[ef; tm; pdwmEkyem ur|mef;udk ay;jcif;jzpfyg\/ trSeftm;jzihf xdur|mef;onf olaX;om; &[ef;tm; aomwmywr*f wpfxiwnf; k d kd f aom tcsdeftwGif;yif wnfapawmfrlcJhyg\/ pdwukd ig[l pGvrf;aeolrsm;twGuf rsuponf tjcm;t&m f J f d 0wKrsm;udkom jrifEdkifNyD; rdrdudk,frljyef jrifEdkifjcif;r&SdouJhodkY? xdkYtwl pdwonfvnf; tjcm;tmHrsm;udom jrifEiNf y;D ? rdru,rl jyefrjrifEif f k k kd d kd f kd ygacs/ xdkY aMumifhpdwfonf jrifEdkifcJjcif;jzpf\/ tu,f pdwfudkjrifvdk ygu pdwfonftjrifcHw&m;tjzpfodkY a&mufatmifjyKvkyfzdkYvdk\/ xdkodkYrvkyfygbJ pdwfonf jrifwwfaomw&m;tjzpfom &Sdaeygu vufndK;onf tjcm;t&m0wKrsm;udkom TefjyEdkifNyD; rdrdukd,fudkrl jyefrTefjyEdkifouJh odkY? xdkYtwl pdwfonfvnf; tjcm;t&mrsm;udk om jrifNyD; rdrdudk,fudkrl jyefjrif&ef rwwf aumif;acs/ xdkYaMumifh pd w f u d k jrif w wf a om "r o abmrS tjrifcH"roabmodkY a&muf abmrS atmif a&S;OD;pGm tm;xkwftyf\/ xdktcgrSom pdwfonf ]]rdrd}} r[k w f a wmh b J ? ]]ol w pf y g;}} jzpf o G m ;rnf j zpf \ / ol w pf y g; jzpf o G m ;vQif tmH k w d k Y \ "r w mtwd k i f ; jrif &NyD j zpf \ / oabmudk &nf&G,f cEmudk olwpfyg; ]]y&awm}} taejzihf I & rnf [ l 0d o k ' d r *f rd e f Y j cif ; jzpf \ / rd r d \ rsuf p d u d k rd r d \ rsuf p d j zih f jrif a tmif Munh f E d k i f ouJhodkY rdrd\pdwfudkvnf; rdrd\pdwfjzihfjrifatmif Munhf&\/ rd r d E S i h f ol w pf y g;uG J o G m ;aomtcg rd r d u Munh f o l ? ol w pf y g;u tMunh f c H j zpf \ / xd k e nf ; twl y if pd w f w pf c k u Munh f o l ? pd w f wpfcku tMunhfcHjzpf&\/ Munhfoltjzpf aqmif&Gufaom pdwf u r*ifpdwf? tMunhfcHoltjzpf aqmif&Gufaom pdwfu ur|mef; pd tmH k p d w f j zpf & \/ rsuf p d u rsuf p d u d k j rif & mvnf ; xd k Y t wl tMunh f c H r suf p d u ur | mef ; tmH k ? Munh f o l r suf p d u r* i f w d k Y jzpfMu\/ odkYESpfrsdK;pD ESpfrsdK;pD uGJjym;oGm;&\/ ae&m Pf (r*if) udkyif rsufpd [k qdkjcif;jzpf\/ yuwd rsufpdonf rdrd\tmHk udk jrif ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifodovdk? Pfonfvnf; rdr\tmHu ydiyiEiEio\/ xdoYkd ydiEipmodrwojzihf Pfukd d k kd I k f kd f kd f kd f d k k f kd f G I l yif rsufpd[k wifpm; qdkjcif;jzpf\/ lygHkonf jrif&ovdk "rmHk onfvnf; jrif&onf[kqdkvdkjcif;r[kwf/ ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifod &Edkifjcif; wlrIudkom qdkvdkjcif; jzpfyg\/ w&m;IrSwf&m ]]puHKO'yg'd}} t& PpuKay:vmatmif tm;xkwf&\/ orm"d tm;aumif;aomtcg Pfrsuponf ay:vm\/ xdaMumihf Pfrsupay:vmatmif orm"d f d Yk f d udk xlaxmif&\/ orm"dtm;aumif; Pfrsufpday:vmaomtcg kyuvnf;Munh&\/ pdwfudkvnf; Munhf&\/ yuwdrsufpdjzihfjrif f kd f ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifodovdk PfrsufpdjzihfI ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifodav\/ tqifhudk wy&dnmtqihf[l qdk&\/ tqihfwGif pdwf (r*ifu pdwftmHk udkjrifNyD? xdktcg pdwfonf jrifEdkifcJonfr[kwf awmh/ pdwfonf jrif&avNyD/ pdwfudkjrif &ojzihf xdkpdwfudk orm"d

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tm;aumif;aom PfjzifhMunhfygu pdwf\odrfarGUaom oabmudk vnf; awGU&\/ rdrdESpfouf&m xdkxdktmHkwdkY tmHkjyKwwfaom oabmudkvnf; awGU&\/ a'gopd w f u vnf ; a'gojzpf v k d u f & rS auseyf \ / avmbpd w f u vnf ; acG ; aoaumif y k y f yif jzpf a p avmbjzpf v k d u f & rS auseyf \ / arm[pd w f u vnf ; xd k Y t wl y if jzpf \ / onf u d k y if 0d y ema0g[m&jzih f q d k y gu &m*pd w f j zpf vQif vnf ; &m*pd w f j zpf r S e f ; od \ / a'gopd w f j zpf v Qif vnf ; a'gopd w f j zpf r S e f ; od \ / tjcm;bmpd w f j zpf j zpf xd k x d k p d w f j zpf r S e f ; od\[l qdk&\/ xdOmwy&dnmtqihukd vGeaomtcg wd&Py&dnmtqifoYkd k f f h a&muf\/ xdktqihfum; kyfjzpfap? emrfjzpfap? tm;vHk;ocFg& oabmt& jzpfysufcsnf;omjzpf\/ jzpfysufudkcsnf; jrif&\/ xdktcg kyfemrfwdkYonf vIdif;ozG,f wufvkdufusvkdufjzpfovdk? jzpfvdkuf ysuvucsn;f jzpfMuav\/ xdaemuf vdi;f uif;aoma&tvsOozG,f f dk f Yk I f NidrfNyD;pD;qif;aeouJhokdY tjzpfrygawmhbJ tysufcsnf;om awmuf avQmuf ]]ysuf}} aeonhf tysuftpOf udkvnf; jrif&\/ Munhfpdwf (r*i) tm;aumif;vQif tm;aumif;ovdk tMunfctmHpwrsm; tm;vH;k f h H k d f wpfysufwnf; ysufaeonfvdkjrif&\/ onfudkyif b*FPf[l qdk&\/ xdkYaemuf y[mey&dnmtqihfonfvm\/ y[mey&dnm [lonf cEmwdkY pGJae aom udavomrsm;udk y,fjcif;jzpf\/ ykxkZOf [lorQwdkYonf t&m&mwdkif; ig ighOpm[l pGJMu\/ ig ihgvlrsdK; ihgEdkifiH[l pGJjcif;rsdK;vnf; yg\/ rdrdESifhqefYusifbufrsm;udkyif ]]ig}} jzihf pGJvef;\/ igh&efol ihg&efolvlrsdK; ihg&efolEdkifiH [l pGvrf;jcif;rsKd ;vnf; J yg\/ xdaMumifh ykxZOf wdkYonf rdrdwdkYtaejzihf ESpfoufaomt&m Yk k jzpf a p? rES p f o uf a omt&mjzpf a p? t&m&m wd k i f ; ]]ig}} jzih f od r f ; yd k u f M uonf c snf ; jzpf M u\/ y[mey&d n m oabmt& t&m&mwdkif; ]]ig}} udk y,fvkdufaomtcg ]]ol}} vnf; tvdkvdk y,f NyD;om;jzpfav\/ trSeftm;jzihf ]]ig}} &Sdom ]]ol}} &Sdae&jcif;jzpf\/ ]]ig}} r&SdvQif ]]ol}} vnf; r&Sdawmh/ avmu ol ig yk*dKvf ow0g[l r&Sd/ tm;vHk; "rcsnf;om&Sdav\/ 0dyem a0g[m&tm;jzihfqdk&vQif ]]ig}} [lonfum; ]]tw}} jzpf\/ ]]ol}} [lonfum; ]]twed,}} jzpf\/ Pf p Of r sm;&if h u suf r I t & tw E S i f h tw e d , ud k jrpfjywfy,fEdkifaomtcg b0'kurS vGwfajrmufawmh\/ rsufpdESihf l y gH k a wG U qH k onf j zpf a p? em;ES i h f o ' g H k a wG U onf j zpf a p? tjcm;'Gm&wpfckESifh tjcm;tmHkwpfckawGUonf jzpfap? rnfodkYawGUawGU? xdkodkYawGU&m &m* vnf;rjzpf? a'govnf;rjzpf xdkxdkudavom rsm; rjzpfMuawmh/ xdtcg rsupd em; paom tmHwcg;rsm;udk apmifxe;f Ny;D k f k H h d oabmod k Y a&muf a wmh \ / wH c g;apmih f a umif ; aumif ; ud k &NyD / xdxwcg;rS udavom&eforsm; r0ifEif awmhNy/ ]]pdwonf vHNk cKH avNy/ k kd H l kd D f D xdktcg b0'ku rS vGwfNyD/ vHkNcHKaompdwfonf csrf;omavNyD/ csr;f om[lonf edAmefjzpf\/ xda'oem\ tqH;k olaX;om;&[ef;onf k aomwmyef wnf\/ w&m;emy&dowfonfvnf; vlcsr;f om ewfcsr;f om edAmefcsrf;omudk xkdufoihfovdk &av\/ OD;a&Tatmif

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

26

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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27

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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odMum;rif;u odcsifvdkY qdwfa,mifaqmifNyD; opfusKwfteD;odkYoGm;a&muf &yfvdkufowJh/ tJ ' D t cgrS m opf u sKwf u tif ; 'D a eY a wmh igYtwGuf qdwfua&mufvmavawmh Oykof apmihfp&mrvdkao;bl;? aemufaeYusrS Oykof apmihr,fqNkd y;D yxrrdrt"d|mefxm;wJh Oykoukd f d f zsufNyD; qdwfudkzrf;,lpm;aomuf&ef qHk;jzwf NyD; qdwfudk zrf;,lzdkY BudK;pm;owJh? qdwfuvJ opfusKwzrf;rIukd enf;trsK;d rsK;d jzihf vGwatmif f f a&SmifowJh/ pmrsufESm 35 rS a&mufvkyfukdifjcif;r&SdbJ om;r,m;rsm;ukdom apckdif;avh&Sdonf/ tcsdKUa,musfm;om;rsm; uvnf; rdrwu Opmypn;f &SmazGay;Ekiom d Ydk d f td r f o l w k d Y v S L Ek d i f w ef ; Ek d i f M ujcif ; jzpf a Mumif ; qifajcay;Muao;onf/ rnfokdYyif jzpfap uk,wiu,usjyKvy&aom ukovf aumif;rI d f dk f dk f k f k dk onf o mvQif taumif ; qk H ; ? tjrwf q k H ; jzpfaMumif;ukdawmh owdjyKMuapcsifygonf/ uJore;f rom;rsm;onf a,musm; h Ydk d f om;rsm;xuf ydkukokdvfjyKcGifh&Mujcif;aMumifh vnf ; vl Y a vmuwG i f trsd K ;orD ; OD ; a&rS m trsdK;om;OD;a&xufykdrsm;aeonfudkawGUEkdif onf/ jrefrmEkdifiH&SdvlOD;a&(60)&mckdifEIef;onf trsKd ;orD;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ aq;k?H aq;cef;wk Yd aeY p Of a rG ; zG m ;aeaom uav;i,f r sm;wG i f a,musfm;av;ta&twGufxuf rdef;uav; ta&twGufuykdrsm;aMumif; usef;rma&; 0efxrf;rsm;ajymqkdcsuft& od&Sd&ayonf/ uHaumif;axmufrpGm a,musfm;b0ukd&Muyg

aemufq;kH zrf;r& qdwuaysmufom; f G awmh vufavQmhNyD; tif;igYoDvrysufao;bl; OykofjyefapmihfvdkufOD;r,fvdkYqdkNyD; Oykofjyef apmihfowJh/ ,ckvJ armifodef;[efu olYudk xrif;csuauR;r,fh r,m;ESifh om;orD;awG r&Sd f vdkY opfusKwfOykofapmihfovdkvmapmihfwm ud k ; uG J U } [k rd e f Y M um;&m Oyk o f o nf r sm;rS m armifodef;[efudkMunhfMuNyD; waomaom&,f armMuavonf/ cifolZmjrihf vsuf tcsKd UrSma,musm;uk,Eire;f rpdwjf zpfae f d f S hf d onfukdawGU&ygao;onf/ odyHynmxGef;um; vmaom rsufarSmufacwfwGif a,musfm;tcsKdU onf aq;ynmenf;jzifh a,musfm;tjzpfrS rd e f ; r tjzpf o k d Y vd i f t *F g cG J p d w f j yKjyif ajymif;vJypfvkduf MuaMumif; *sme,f? r*Zif; rsm;wGif zwfI&aom tcg ]jzpfrSjzpf&av} [k pdwfysufpGmNiD;jiLrdjyefygonf/ pifppftm;jzifh a,musm;b0ukvcsif f d dk vGef; qkawmif;orIjyKaeMu&ygvsuf uH aumif;axmufrpGm&vmcJhaom a,musfm;b0 ukdpGefYvTwfypfjcif;onf twdwfujyKcJhrdaom tuk o k d v f u H t usd K ;ay;[k q k d & ayrnf / Ak ' bmom t,ltqt&MunfhvQif vGefcJhaom twd w f b 0u ol w yg;\om;ysd K orD ; ysKd E S i f h umrykdif vifa,musfm;&SdolwkdYtm; um,uH ajrmuf usL;vGef jypfrm;rdygu vlb0jyef&cJvQif S Y h rde;f rtjzpfaomfvnf;aumif;? a,musm;r[kwf f rdef;rr[kwf eykH;y@Kyftjzpfukdvnf;aumif; &&SdEkdifaMumif; usrf;*efrsm; tqkd&Sdonf/

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/ uJhokdYaom taMumif;aMumif;rsm;aMumifh vlYavmuwGif a,musfm;om;wkdY &Sm;yg;vm &jcif; jzpfayvdrrnf/ vlavmuwGiomr[kw?f hf Y f ewf a vmuwG i f v nf ; ewf o m;wpf y g;wG i f ewforD;ig;&m? wpfaxmif tNcHt&H&SdaMumif; bk&m;a[ma'oemwkdY vmonfukdMunfhjcif; tm;jzifh ewfjynfvnf; ewfom;ta&twGuf xuf ewforD;ta& twGufuykdrsm;aMumif; awGUEkdifrnfjzpfonf/ qktyfcNJh y;D aomtaMumif; t&mwkukd d Yd axmuf I a,musf m ;om;wk d Y \ vm;&m *wd o nf vl Y a vmuok d Y v nf ; tvmenf ; ? ewf a vmu vnf ; ta&muf u sJ ? tb,f avmuok d Y a&muf a eovJ [k p Of ; pm;p&m jzpfvmonf/ tajzum; tukokdvft&m arG U avsmf r I r sm;aom a,musf m ;om;wk d Y r S m txufokdYrwwfEkdifvQifawmh atmufokdYom ta&mufrsm;aeNyDjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;ayonf/ atmuf q k d o nf r S m i&J ? wd & p m ef ? Nyd w m ? tol&u,f[aom tyg,fav;bkyifjzpfonf/ l H ok d Y q k d o jzif h r[k w f w rf ; w&m;ajym&yg rnfvm; [k uda&Ta,musm;wkYd ESv;Hk romr,m k f rjzpf M u apcsif y g/ pma&;ol u k d , f w k d i f y if a,musfm;om;ayrkdY rrSm;oifhwmrrSm;&av atmif owdxm;Ekdif zkdY apwemaumif;jzifh ]qef&if;rdkYvdkY ememzGwf onf} [kom rSwfxif apvkdygonf/ trSeftm; jzifha,musfm;om;wkdY onf rdrdwkdYenf;yg;vm;jcif;udk owdoHa0* ,l M u&rnf h t pm; a,musf m ;&S m ;onf u k d y if *kPf,lp&mtjzpf xifrSwfrSm;aeMu jyefonf/ aw;avmuyif ]]wkdYa,musfm;awG a&Tvkd&Sm; w,f}}[la&;zJUG aw;qkd t<um;ykaeMuao;onf/ d a&S;vlBu;D wkpum;tqkt& ]]qefwpf Yd d pdwEihf qdwwpfaumif? vlysKd armif awmifxyf f S f d rSm ykef;tdyfvkdYa&Smif}} [laom aemiftcg vlysdK&Sm; tysdKrsm;onfh ]]OoQpfwpfwif; ESrf;wpfwif;}} acwfokdYa&mufvmNyD[k ,lq& awmhrnfjzpfonf/ ,ckuJhokdYaom tajctae rsdK;wGif a,musfm;om; wkdYodxm;oifhonfrSm ]MumvQifwkdYa,musfm;awG rsdK;wkef;ukefygu cuf&csnf&JU}}[laom tawG;rsKd;jzifh ab;qkd; udjk zpfapwwfaom raumif;rI? tukovw&m; dk f wkua&Smif&m; aemifrsm;wpfzef a,musm;jyef Yd dk S f jzpfEkdifaom ukokdvf"rwkdYukd ]]vkHYv O[}} Bu;D pGmjzifh BuKd ;pm;&,loifygaMumif; r[myk&o h d taygif;wkdYtm; wkdufwGef; a&;om;vkduf&ay ownf;/ t&S i f o k p d w o m&(rk w f u Ref ; &wem) usrf ; uk d ; / r[mAk ' 0 if

37

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wpf&Ha&mtcg? avmif;Ak'g ]]ao&d0}} jynfwkdif;awmfrSm/ 0rf;pm&Smwpfcef;vSpf? &GJukefonftjzpf/ ]]eDv0g[}} jrpful;um? ]]t&d|yk&}} jynfoGm;yg/ vSnfhvnfum olranmif;? wpfvrf;0ifxGuf&GJawGa&mif;/ taMumif;wdkufqdkifwlnDpGm? tjcm;wpfa,mufvnf; olYvdkom/ vkdufygvm ]]ao&d0}} &GJawGudka&mif;cs/ avmbBuD;wJh xdkol[m? wpffae&modkY ta&mufrSm/ BuHK&yg ajr;tzGm;? olYudk arwm&yfyefMum;/ tzGm;tdku qdkonfrSm? ajr;ruav;twGuf wpfcaomwefqm/ k 0,fvdkyg qE&Sd? ay;&efaiGuawmhewd/ 'gayodwqrm? Ykd D S cGufwpfvHk;awmhjzihf&Sdaeyg/ tJ'gudk oif,loGm;? ihgajr;vdk&m wpfckay;Edkifrvm;/ avmbom; &GJonfvQif? cGufudk,lNyD;MunhfvkdufpOf/ pdwfxJwGif oHo,? a&TcGuf[k,lq/

odkYrSydkNyD;aocsm&ef? acs;awGyGwfNyD;Munhfvkdufjyef/ trSefyif olxifxm;? wu,hfa&TcGufBuD;ygvm;/ avmbom;xdkolrSm? aumufuspf&ufpuf vGef,kwfrm/ wef&mwefaMu; olray;? tvum;awmif vdkcsifao;/ odkYjzihfawG;NyD; ajymonfrSm? onfcGuf[kwfudk bmvkyfrSm/ eifwdkY[m yJ0ufrQ rwefqdkNyD; olypfcs/ xdk ]]udkavmb}} xGufoGm;&m? wpfatmihfavmufrQ Mumaomtcg/ xyfa&mufvm onfNcHayguf/ &GJukefonfwpfa,muf/ xdkaemufvludk tzGm;tdk? a&SUutwkdif; olajymqdk/ xdkcGufudk ay;NyD;u? olvdkcsifonfudk wifjy/ 'kwd,ajrmuf yk*dKvfonf? olYrsufpdudk olr,HkNyD/ onfrSm a&TcGufwum; wefzdk;tvGefBuD;rm;/ dk;om;ajzmihfrwf xdkyk*dKvf tzGm;tdktm; trSeftwdkif;qdk/ ]]zGm;tdkwdkY&JU onfcGufu dk;dk;r[kwf a&TcGufAs

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ tojymwpfodef;zdk;xdkufpG}}/ r,lEdkifygaMumif;udk tzGm;tdktm; ajymjyonf/ xdktcg tzGm;tdku ]]rygvnf; aeygapuG,f/ rihfESrtwGuf olvdkcsifwJh wefqmwpfckudkom ay;cJhygav/ onfcGufudk rif;,lomoGm;yg/ rif;eJYxdkufvdkY rif;&wmyJ}} [k qdkum 'kwd, &GJukefonfudk twif;yif,loGm; ckdif;avonf/ olu yxr&GJukefonfuJhodkY aumufuspfol r[kwfrl? olygvmaom tojym 500d^ud k tzG m ;td k t m; xk w f a y;onh f tjyif ? ygvmaoma&mif;ukef 500d^- wefzdk;&Sd onhf ypnf;udkvnf; ajr;tzGm;tm; xyfay;\/ olypn;f xnhvmaomtdwEihf cseciom csef Y f f S d f G f xm;onf/ olYjyef&efvrf;p&dwfyifwpfjym;rS rusefawmh? tzGm;tdkxHrS jrpful; ul;wdkYc ay;&ef &Spftojymudkomjyef awmif;,lcJh\/ udptm;vH;k Ny;D aom &Gueonfonf? avSqyoYkd J k f d f tjrefqif;onf/ avSqyawGU&aomavSorm; d f ud?k aiG 8 tojymudk OD;pGmay;Ny;D ? olukd wpfzuf Y urf;odkY tjrefvdkufydkY&efajymojzihf avSvnf; wdkifcsnfxm;aomBudK;udkjzKwf tjrefavSmf cwf xGufcGmoGm;avonf/ yxr&G J u k e f o nf ud k a vmbonf ajr;tzGm;ESpfa,mufxHodkY wpfaMumhjyef 0if\/ ]]apmapmu cGuuigh ay;? eifwBYkd uKd uwm f kd f ighqDuwpfck,l}} [kqdk\/ ajr;tzGm;vnf; a'gojzpfjzpfjzihf xdk&GJukefonfudk qJa&;wkdif; xGmvsu?f ]]tJ'cuu?kd aemufxyfa&mufvmwJh D G f &Gueonfukd tojym 1000d^-ESihf a&mif;vkuf J k f d NyD/ eifeJYrwefvdkYu eifr&wmyJ/ uJ bmrS eif qufajymp&mr&Sd? oGm;awmh[k qdkum ESifvTwf vdkufavonf/ &GJukefonf\ vufxJodkYa&muf&SdcJh aom ig;wpf a umuf u m; ol Y v uf x J u xGufoGm;NyD/ vGwfoGm;NyD/ xdkvGwfaomig;u tvum;ig;r[kwf? tvGefBuD;rm;aom a&Tig; Bu;D ygwum;/ &Gueonfuavmbonf if;\ J k f kd qHk;IH;rItwGuf BuD;pGmaomaemifw&NyD; pdwf emusive;f ojzihf xdae&myif ESv;kH uG aoyGJ f G k J 0ifjcif;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;cJhavonf/ Zmwfaygif;aomf ,cktcg a'0'wf onf xdktcgu rdkufaom&GJukefonf? ,ck ig bk & m;onf u m; xd k p Of u ynm&S d & G J u k e f o nf jzpfcJhbl;avNyD[k Zmwfaygif;awmfrlygonf/ usrf ; ud k ; ao&d 0 0gPd Z Zmwf ig;&mig;q,f e d y gwf a wmf B uD ; anmif u ef q &mawmf b k & m;/ aZmf a emif

rl j cif ; jzpf a yonf / xd k & [ef ; ud k jrwf p G m bk&m;u ]]&[ef;-oifonf odkYaoabm odkYMum;& zGm;tdkvQif? &Sdaom r*fzdkvfudkay;wwfaom omoem avmbrwuf dk;dk;yif/ &[ef;jyK? 0D&d,udkavsmh tzdk;wodef;xdkuf ]]oifESifhxdkuf &jcif;yhg?}} aom a&TcGuf rS ,kwfaom ao&d0wdkif;om; yGihfyGifhvif;vif; olajymjy/ &GJukefonfuJhodkY MumjrihfpGmpdk;&drf&vwHU}} [k qdkavonf/ xdk taMumi;fudk &[ef;wdkYu ]]armifErav;twGuom? h S f taMumif ; pH k o d v d k ? jrwf p G m bk & m;tm; wpfpHkwpfckay;cJhyg/ xdtaMumif;udk a[mjyay;&ef awmif;yefojzih?f k ,lomoGm;yg onfa&TcGuf? jrwfpmbk&m;u ,ckZmwf (ao&d00gPdZZmwf) G avmbrwuf wdkYrruf}}/ udk a[majymawmfrljcif; jzpfygonf/ olYvufxJrSm ygorQaiG? w&H a &mtcgu jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f aiGom;ig;&m olay;acs/ onf ]]ao&d0}} wdkif; &GJukefonfwpfa,muf ygwJhukefawG tajrmuftjrm;? jzpf\/ wpfcgaomf avmbBu;D aom&Gueonf J k f ig;&mwefaom ypnf;rsm;? ]]ao&d0}} ESitwl t&yfwpfyg;odYk &Ga&mif;xGuf fh J ay;cJh ajr;tzGm;/ \/ if;wdonf eDv0g[rnfaomjrpfukd jzwfu;l Yk t&d|yk&trnf&wi;f jynfoYkd oGm;Mujcif; jzpf dS kd tzGm;tdktm; olawmif;yef onf/ xdkodkYa&mufMuaomf c&D;vrf;udkcGJ tav;csdefESihf tdwfudkcsef/ &GueonfEpO;D wpfvrf;0ifxuf &Guvnvnf J k f S f G J kd S fh &Spftojym jyefay;ygh? a&mif;Muavonf/ ay;&ef ul;wdkYc/ OD;pGmtm;jzihf avmbBu;D aom &Guef J k zGm;tdkxHrS &Spftojym? onfonf ae&mwpfckodkYa&muf&mwGif? ajr; olawmif;yef &aomtcg/ tzGm;ESpfOD;ESifh BuHKawGU&\/ tzGm;tdku xdk&GJ a&TcGuf,lum jrefraES;? ukefonfudk odkYqdk\/ avSqdyf&Sd&m ajy;/ ]]tarmif? tarmifxrS wefqmwpfck h H ckudk tzGm;ajr;rav;udk ay;ygav/ xdkwefqm avScay;NyD; avSorm;udk? twGuf tzd;k tcudk aiGjzihawmhray;Edi/ rdrwYkd f k f d &GJukefonfu ta&;qdk/ &Sdaom cGufudkom,loGm;ygav}} [k qdk\/ rif; avSudktjrefavSmfcyf &GJukefonf ]]ao&d0}} onf tzGm;tdk iga&mufvdkonhft&yf/ xHrS cGufudk,lMunhfvQif olYpdwfxJwGif oHo, aemufxyfwpfcg a&mufoGm;yg? jzpfom;\/ xdcuonf omrefcuwpfcr[kw?f G k G f G f k avmbBuD;wJh ukefonfrSm/ a&TcGufjzpfvdrhfrnf[k xif\/ xdkYaMumihf ydkrdk oifwdkYvdk&m BudKufwma&G;? aocsm&eftwGuf cGufwGif txyfxyfwufae a&TcGuf ihgudkay;/ aom acs;wdkYudkyGwfMunhfaomf? xdkcGufrSm olxifouJhodkYyif a&TcGufBuD;jzpfaeavonf/ zGm;tdkeJYajr; xGufvm? udkavmbonf xdka&TcGufudk tacsmifvdkcsifo ]]xdkavmb}} udk &efawGUoAsm? jzihf? a&TcGuf wdkYqDr&Sdawmhyg/ ]]oifwcupwrm yJ0ufrQrwef}} [k Ykd G f k f S aemufa&mufvmwJh olawmfaumif; [efvkyfqdkum? a&TcGufudkajrBuD;ay:ypfcsNyD; tojymwpfaxmifeJY igwdkYa&mif;/ xGufcGmoGm;avonf/ xdktaMumif;udk odavvQif? xduavmbxGuom;Ny;D rMumrwif k kd f G vGwfoGm;aom ig; BuD;jzpftif/ yif aemufxyf&ueonfwpfO;D a&mufvm\/ JG k f emusifpl;&S ]]OD;a&Tavm}} tzG m ;td k o nf xd k & G J u k e f o nf u k d a c:NyD ; ? ESvHk;uGJNyD; aoyga&m/ / yxr&G J u k e f onf u d k ajymonh f t wd k i f ; yif ,ck&GJukefonfudk ajym jy\/ &GJonfonf twd w f \ yH k & d y f tzG m ;td k v uf x J r S cG u f u d k ,l Munh f v Qif ,ck ]]ao&d0 0gPdZZmwfudkjrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f a Zw0ef a usmif ; cGufrSm a&TcGufjzpfonfudk odvkdufonf/ awmf oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf? 0d&d,avsmhaom onf c G u f r S m tojymwpf o d e f ; xk d u f a om &[ef;wpfyg;udk taMumif;jyK a[mawmf a&TcGufjzpfaMumif;? olY rQaiG ygrvm

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

39

2 ]]avmuNir;f csr;f rIEihf om,mpnfyifzNYGH zKd ;wk;d wufr&&Sap&ef}} Ak' "rw&m;xGe;f um;a&;? avmuygvw&m;ukd avmuom;tm;vk;H d S I d
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Meditating in a peaceful all-woman environment
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Uninhibited Monastic Life for Nuns

vlolreD;awm&ckdrSD;aeMuaom oDv&SifBuD;wkd\ b0 h
"r 0 D & -oE m jyef q d k w if j yonf

By NISSARA HORAYANGURA, The Bangkok Post, July 28, 2009 TRANSLATED Into Myanmar Language By Dhamma Vira Thandar, ITBM University, Yangon.

(Continue from last week) The monastic life is not just about meditation, it also involves manual lobour to upkeep the monastery.

awm&ausmif;rsm; aexdkif&aom b0rSm 0dyembm0em yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaeHkjzifhrNyD;ao;bJ? ausmif;ocFrf; vdktyforQ tvkyfudpwdkif;wGif yg0ifvkyftm;ay;Mu&if;jzifh? awm&ausmif;ocFrf; wpf&yfvHk; a&&SnfwnfEkdifatmif pGrf;aqmifEkdifMu&ef vdkayonf/
As at all monasterics, the Dhammasara day starts before daybreak. Twice a week there are group meditation sittings that start at 4:30 am, while on other days one does individual practice, which requires even more personal discipline.

ausmif;ocFr;f tm;vH;k wGi&MdS uonfh tpOftvmtwdi;f "r f k om&oDv&Sifawm&ausmif;ocFrf;wGifvnf; wpfaeYwm &yfem;ukefqHk; Ny;D onfEifh aemufwpfaeYwm tvkywm0efrsm;udk pwifxrf;aqmifMu& S f avonf/ &ufowywfvQif ESpf&ufESpfBudrfus tkyfpktvdkuf 0dyem This is followed by a simple breakfast and a group bm0emur|mef;w&m;udk pkaygif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMu&avonf/ meeting for a dimnistrative matters, and sometimes also a lively uJhodkY ur|mef;w&m;yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMu&jcif;rSm xdkaeY eHeuf 4 em&D pmrsuf E S m 19 ok d Y cGJonfESihf pwifxdkifMu&onf/ ,if;odkY tkyfpktvddkufpkaygif; w&m;xdkif

Mu&onfrSm wpfywfvQif owfrSwf&uf ESpf&ufxJomjzpfaomfvnf; tjcm;aom Mum;&ufrsm;wGif wpfOD;csif; wpfa,mufcsif;tvdkuf woD; wjcm;pDw&m;xdkifMu&onf/ uJhodkY 0dyemur|mef;w&m;udk rSefrSef yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMu&jcif;jzihf yk*dKvfwpfOD;csif;tvdkuf taetxdkiftjyK trltajymtqdkrsm;utp ae&mwdkif;vdkvdkwGif pnf;urf;pepfwus ajymqdkjyKrlaexdkifqufqHvmEkdifMuayonf/

Students earn Buddhist degrees

Theravada scholars graduate in Viet Nam Buddhist University

AD,uferfAk'0g'"rwuodkvf bGJYESif;obif ax&0g'wuodkvfpmoifoHCmrsm;tm; Ak'"rbGJUrsm;csD;jrihfjcif;

Ho Chi Minh City, VNS, Sept 9,2009

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pmrsuf E S m 17 ok d Y