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Chuyen de Dong Nang The Nang
Chuyen de Dong Nang The Nang
com
Hay:
1
1
mv 22 mv 12= F n.s
l
2
2
Dng 2: Tnh th nng trng trng, cng ca trng lc v bin thin th nng trng
trng.
Phng php:
+ Tnh th nng
- Phi chn mc th nng (Wt= 0); xc nh cao so vi mc th nng chn z(m) v m(kg).
- S dng: Wt = mgz
Hay Wt1 Wt2 = AP Vi Wt1, Wt2 Th nng cao z1 v z2
+ Tnh cng ca trng lc AP v bin thin th nng ( Wt):
- p dng : Wt = Wt2 Wt1 = -AP mgz1 mgz2 = AP
Ch : Nu vt i ln th AP = - mgh < 0(cng cn); vt i xung AP = mgh > 0(cng pht ng)
vatliphothong.com
B. BI TP VN DNG
Bi 1: Mt vin n c khi lng 14g bay theo phng ngang vi vn tc 400 m/s xuyn qua tm
g dy 5 cm, sau khi xuyn qua g, n c vn tc 120 m/s. Tnh lc cn trung bnh ca tm g tc
dng ln vin n?
HD: Chn chiu (+) l chiu bay ca vin n
bin thin ng nng ca vin n khi xuyn qua tm g.
1
1
1
Wd = mv22 mv12 = 0,014 1202 4002 = 1220,8J
2
2
2
1220,8
= 24416N .
0,05
Suy ra: FC =
261800
= 4363,3N
60
1
5 3
. Hi xe c ln n nh dc C khng?
1
m ( v 2B v 2A )
2
1
2
2
2
2
m( v 2 v1 ) => 2 1mgsAB = 2FsAB - m ( v B v A )
2
2Fs AB m( v 2B v 2A )
=> 1 =
mgs AB
vatliphothong.com
b. Xt trn on ng dc BC.
Gi s xe ln dc v dng li ti D
1
1
m ( v 2D v 2B ) = m v 2B
2
2
1
2
=> - mghBD mgsBDcos = m v B <=> gsBDsin + gsBDcos =
2
v 2B
1 2
v B => sBD =
gsBD(sin + cos ) =
2
2g (sin + ' cos )
100
thay cc gi tr vo ta tm c sBD =
m < sBC
3
1 2
v
2 B
Vy xe khng th ln n nh dc C.
c. Tm lc tc dng ln xe xe ln n nh dc C.
Gi s xe ch ln n nh dc: vc = 0, SBC = 40m
Khi ta c: AF + Ams + Ap = -
1
m v 2B
2
1
2
m v B => FsBC = mgsBCsin + mgsBCcos
2
1
2
m v 2B
mv 2B
1
2000 .400
3
=> F = mg(sin + cos ) = 2000.10(0,5 +
.
)5 3 2
2.40
2s BC
2000N
ng c phi tc dng mt lc ti thiu l 2000N th t mi chuyn ng ln ti nh C ca dc.
Bi 4: Mt xe c khi lng m =2 tn chuyn ng trn on AB nm ngang vi vn tc khng
i v = 6km/h. H s ma st gia xe v mt ng l = 0,2 , ly g = 10m/s2.
a. Tnh lc ko ca ng c.
b. n im B th xe tt my v xung dc BC nghing gc 30o so vi phng ngang, b qua ma
st. Bit vn tc ti chn C l 72km/h. Tm chiu di dc BC.
c. Ti C xe tip tc chuyn ng trn on ng nm ngang CD v i thm c 200m th dng
li. Tm h s ma st trn on CD.
HD:
a. V xe chuyn ng vi vn tc khng i l 6km/h nn ta c:
Fk = fms = .mg
. = 0,2.2.103.10 = 4000N
1
1
. . .sin
mvc2 mv
. B2 = mgBC
2
2
vatliphothong.com
v vB
20 1,6
=
; 39,7m
Suy ra:
1
2.g.sin
2.10.
2
c. Gia tc trn on CD.
BC =
2
c
Ta c: vD2 vC 2 = 2.aCD
. a=
vC 2
2.CD
202
= 1m/ s2
2.200
. .mg
. = ma
. =
Mt khc: fms = ma
a 1
=
= 0,1
g 10
F ; Fms ; N ; P
- Theo nhlutII Niu tn:
F + Fms + N + P = ma
v2
2.s
v2
2.s
v2
).s
2.s
A = 4250J
- Cng sut trung bnh ca xe l:
+ Ta c: v =a.t t =
A 4250
v
= 2,5s P = t = 2,5 =1700 W
a
vatliphothong.com
Wt1 = mgh1 = 160J
+ Ti mt t h2 = 5m
Wt2 = mgh2 = 100 J
+ Ti y ging h3 = 0
Wt3 = mgh3 = 0
c. Cng ca trng lc khi vt chuyn t y ging ln cao 3m so vi mt t.
A31 = Wt3 Wt1
+ Khi ly mc th nng ti mt t
A31 = Wt3 Wt1 = -100 60 = -160J
+Khi ly mc th nng y ging
A31 = Wt3 Wt1 = 0 160 = -160J
Bi 7: Mt vt c khi lng 3 kg c t v tr trong trng trng v c th nng ti W t1 =
500J. Th vt ri t do n mt t c th nng Wt1 = -900J.
a. Hi vt ri t cao no so vi mt t.
b. Xc nh v tr ng vi mc khng ca th nng chn.
c. Tm vn tc ca vt khi vt qua v tr ny.
HD:
- Chn chiu dng c trc Oz hng ln
Ta c:
z A
Wt1 Wt2
= 500 (- 900) = 1400J
Z1
= mgz1 + mgz2 = 1400J
o
1400
= 47,6m
Vy z1 + z2 =
Z2
3.9,8
B
Vy vt ri t cao 47,6m
b. Ti v tr ng vi mc khng ca th nng z = 0
- Th nng ti v tr z1
500
= 17m
Wt1 = mgz1 z1 =
3.9,8
Vy v tr ban u cao hn mc th nng chn l 17m
c. Vn tc ti v tr z = 0
Ta c: v2 v02 = 2gz1
v = 2gz1 = 18,25m/ s