I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

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BI CHA NHP MN CNG NGH PHN MM

ti: Cha nhm FSE 19
Gio vin hng dn: Sinh vin thc hin: V Th Hng Giang Nhm FSE 20 Trn Hong Anh(NT) Mai c t Mc Vn Lch Trn nh Sn 20090152 20090672 20091625 20093596

H ni,11/2011

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V BO CO Nhm FSE 19 la chn ti BTL05 : Tm hiu v k thut kim th. y xt c th hn, nhm ny tm hiu v phn mm QuickTest Professional (QTP) trong kim th phn mm. Bo co ca nhm gm 2 chng, chng mt ni v Tng quan v kim th phn mm , cn chng 2 Tm hiu v phn mm QTP 1. Chng 1: Cc vn m nhm ny cp n trong chng ny bao gm:

M u chng l khi nim v kim th phn mm v mt s thut ng chuyn ngnh. Tip theo l cp n cc bc trong mt tin trnh kim th , nhng kh khn ca kim th phn mm,

Nhm nu ra c hai phng php kim th chnh l kim th tnh v kim th ng Tip tc l cc chin lc kim th bao gm:

Kim th hp en: nu nh ngha + lit k cc phng php kim th + u nhc im Kim th hp trng : nh ngha + lit k cc phng php Kim th hp xm: nu nh ngha Kim th n v - Unit test Kim th tch hp Intergration test Kim th h thng System test Kim th chp nhn sn phm Acceptance test Mt s cp kim th khc: Kim th hi quy

Cc cp kim th phn mm:

Regression testing v Kim th tnh ng Correctness testing Cc phng php kim th con ngi

Tng duyt Walkthrough

Thanh tra m ngun- Code Inspection

Phn cui cng ca chng nhm cp n 10 nguyn tc kim th phn mm

2.

Chng 2:

Sang chng 2, nhm i su vo tm hiu phn mm Quick Test Professional Gii thiu phn mm QTP

Chc nng ca QTP Loi phn mm h tr Cc c im chnh Hng dn s dng

CHNG 2: NHN XT, NH GI: Nhn chung, nhm FSE 19 c bi bo co kh l hon thin, nhng vn y l, nhm hu nh chp nguyn bn chng 1 trong file document a ch http://www.scribd.com/doc/67576394/12/Ki%E1%BB%83mth%E1%BB%AD-h%E1%BB%99p-tr%E1%BA%AFng-%E2%80%93White-box-testing , y l bn bo co ca mt sinh vin trng khc . Sau y l nh gi c th ca nhm FSE 20:
1.

Trong phn 1.1.1, nh ngha cui cng ca nhm l : Kim th

phn mm l mt tin trnh hay tp hp tin trnh c thit k vi mc ch tm li m ha m bo m ha thc hin theo ci m chng ta thit k lm, v khng thc hin ci g khng mong mun. y c coi l mt pha quan trng trong vic pht trin h thng, gip ngi xy dng h thng v khch hng thy c h thng mi p ng c yu cu t ra hay cha?

Kim th khng ch c thit k vi mc ch tm li m ha, kim th l tin trnh (v l ngh thut) nhm pht hin li bng vic xem xt cc c t, thit k v m ngun. Sai st ny

l hu qu ca vic copy nguyn xi m khng tham chiu n hiu bit ca c nhn mnh.
2.

Qui trnh kim th nhm FSE 19 cp n kh l s si, v thiu mt vi bc quan trng, nh l bc lp k hoch cho kim th, y l bc rt quan trng c tin hnh trc khi tin hnh kim th

3.

Phn nhng kh khn ca kim th phn mm nhm bn cp n thiu mt s kh khn sau y: Nng cao cht lng phn mm nhng khng vt qu cht lng khi thit k: ch pht hin cc li tim tng v sa chng Pht hin li b hn ch do th cng l chnh D b nh hng tm l khi kim th Kh m bo tnh y ca kim th Trong phn kim th hp en, nhm cha cp n nhng hng c bn tm li, l cc hng nh: (1) Cc chc nng sai st hoc thiu st, (2) sai st trong giao din, (3)sai st trong

4.

cu trc d liu hoc truy cp c s d liu bn ngoi, (4) cc sai st v hnh vi hay hiu nng, (5) cc li khi to v kt thc. Cng trong phn ny, nhm bn thiu st khi cha cp n phng php on li ( Error Guessing) v phng php kim th so snh (Comparison Testing), y l hai phng php rt l ph bin hin nay. Mt iu quan trng na v kim th hp en + trng, cc bn nhm FSE 19 khng cp n l cc chin lc kim th dnh cho i tng no, cc loi li c th tm ra mi loi kim th khc nhau, thi im tng ng: Nhm FSE 20 xin b sung thm: Kim th hp trng thng do nhng lp trnh vin thc hin v h c hiu bit r rng v m ngun. Phng php ny thng c tin hnh sm trong qu trnh kim th.

5.

Cc loi li c th tm ra khi p dng kim th hp trng l: cc li hot ng sai ca tng module, li logic vv

Kim th hp en thng do cc khch hang thc hin v h l nhng ngi hiu r yu cu t ra ca chng trnh v nhng vn m kim th hp en c th tm ra.

6.

Mt cu hi t ra khi mt ngi c xong bn bo co ny, l kim th c nhiu cp nh vy, th th nhng cp kim th y c s dng khi no trong cc giai on pht trin phn mm? iu ny khng c nhc ti trong bo co, s cn b sung thm nh sau:

7.

Trong phn 1.5, Bo co nn cp n vn cc phng php kim th con ngi ni chung v walkthrough, inspection ni ring thuc v cc phng php kim th tnh.

8.

Sang chng 2, ni v QTP, Bo co cha ni v ngn ng s dng vit script, l VBScript. Bo co qu ch tm vo hng dn s dng phn mm QTP, nhng li khng QTP ch l mt cng c h tr Tester, bn cht ca k thut p dng QTP li ch c ni s qua, l Test Tool v k thut Kim th t ng (KTT). Sau y l phn b sung ca nhm FSE 20:

9.

Test Tool

Test Tool (TT) trong lnh vc pht trin phn mm l cng c gip thc hin kim tra phn mm mt cch t ng. Tuy nhin khng phi mi vic kim tra u c th t ng ha, cu hi t ra l trong iu kin hoc tnh hung no th dng TT l thch hp? Vic dng TT thng c xem xt trong mt s tnh hung sau:

Khng ti nguyn: Khi s lng tnh hung kim tra (test case) qu nhiu m cc k thut vin khng th hon tt bng tay trong thi gian c th no . Kim tra hi qui Trong qu trnh pht trin phn mm, nhm lp trnh thng a ra nhiu phin bn phn mm lin tip kim tra. Thc t vic a ra cc phin bn phn mm c th l hang ngy, mi phin bn bao gm nhng tnh nng mi, hoc tnh nng c c sa li hay nng cp. Vic b sung hoc sa li code cho nhng tnh nng phin bn mi c th lm cho nhng tnh nng khc kim tra tt chy sai mc dug phn code ca n khng h chnh sa. khc phc iu ny, i vi tng phin bn, k thut vin khng ch kim tra chc nng mi hoc c sa, m phi kim tra li tt c nhng tnh nng kim tra tt trc . iu ny kh kh thi v mt thi gian nu kim tra th cng. Kim tra vn hnh phn mm trong mi trng c bit y l kim tra nhm nh gi xem vn hnh ca phn mm c tha mn yu cu t ra hay khng. Thng qua k thut vin c th xc nh c cc yu t v phn cng,phn mm nh hng n kh nng vn hnh ca phn mm.C th lit k mt s tnh hung kim tra tiu biu thuc loi ny nh sau:

o tc trung bnh x l mt yu cu ca web server. Thit lp 1000 yu cu, ng thi gi n web server, kim tra tnh hung 1000 ngi dng truy xut web cng lc. Xc nh s yu cu ti a c x l bi web server hoc xc nh cu hnh my thp nht m tc x l ca phn mm vn c th hot ng mc cho php.

Vic kim tra th cng cho nhng tnh hung trn l cc

kh, thm ch v phng.

Kim th t ng

Ngy nay t ng ha c ng dng rt nhiu lnh vc, mc ch thng rt a dng v ty theo nhu cu c th ca tng lnh vc, tuy nhin im chung nht vn l gim nhn lc, thi gian v sai st. Ngnh CNTT m c th l pht trin phn mm cng khng ngoi l. Nh chng ta bit, to ra sn phm CNTT hay phn mm c cht lng th hot ng kim tra phn mm (KTPM) ng vai tr rt quan trng, trong khi hot ng ny li tiu tn v chim t trng kh ln cng sc v thi gian trong mt d n. Do vy, nhu cu t ng ha qui trnh KTPM cng c t ra. Qua thc t cho thy vic p dng kim tra t ng (KTT) hp l s mang la thnh cng cho hot ng KTPM. KTT gip gim bt cng sc thc hin, tng tin cy, gim s nhm chn v rn luyn k nng lp tnh cho kim tra vin (KTV). Vic pht trin KTT cng tun tgheo cc bc pht trin phn mm, chng ta phi xem vic pht trin KTT ging nh pht trin mt d n. Hnh sau y cho chng ta thy mi tng quan gia KTT v ton b chu trnh KTPM

Ging nh PTPM, thnh cng trong KTT chng ta nn thc hin cc bc c bn sau: Thu thp cc c t yu cu hoc test case; la chn nhng phn cn thc hin KTT.

Phn tch v thit k m hnh pht trin KTT. Pht trin lnh c t (script) cho KTT.

Kim tra v theo di li trong script ca KTT.

Bng sau m t r hn cc bc thc hin KTT: STT Bc thc hin M t 1 To test script Giai on ny chng ta s dng test tool ghi li cc thao tc ln phn mm cn kim tra v t ng sinh ra test script. 2 Chnh sa test Chnh sa test script thc hin kim tra theo ng script yu cu t ra, c th l lm theo test case cn thc hin. 3 Chy test script Gim st hot ng kim tra phn mm ca test script. KTT 4 nh gi kt Kim tra kt qu thng bo sau khi thc hin KTT. qu Sau b sung, chnh sa nhng sai st.

Kim th t ng c mt s thut li v kh khn c bn khi p dng: Thun li KTPM khng cn can thip ca KTV. Gim chi ph khi thc hin kim tra s lng ln test case hoc test case lp li nhiu ln.

Kh khn

Mt chi ph to cc script thc hin KTT Tn chi ph dnh cho bo tr cc script. i hi KTV phi c k nng to script KTT. Khng p dng c trong vic tm li mi ca PM.

Gi lp tnh hung kh c th thc hin bng tay.