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    A Three-dimensional Junction-pore-matrix Model for Capillary Permeability - S

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    A Three-Dimensional Junction-Pore-Matrix Model For Capillary Permeability - S

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    api-3840599

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    sos wan 511 (980) ‘A Three-Dimensional Junction-Pore-Matrix Model for Capillary Permeability 8. Wessun" R. Tsay} ano FE. Conse Depo "Mena aging od heed Exner The CaCl of he Cy Tia of ew Yr New Vert Yo 10 aed Ybprnc of Honae ‘Wn, So Mine Uncey of aos Do ‘mr Coors Ae mmo ma rnd re acini an ine me ashy cary cota ts wh cin ra ete en er ‘itera rn pr Te ml tempera posse pb np ange ‘Senne eae moran af open fannie eee eh ‘edi emperor sa co th pny wa {he pecs ven fm ie mol ae aed fine sew eerie ‘yt comer he meres of he ns tan le ton (Cre res ee pet he de Cag ened ee ‘Eo tol nega av of ee dire ero ‘ie vib wre tac) «moe gps es peo 3am ‘Srey sed sing nn ren ee cnt of ar ‘sing pin na om fap Rosa (a) rer mre gun eae fr es tlng pti wi ppb of tm Cu de Hho ep ‘tec For te st nd am pg forse piney ie eve be ‘tht sin sae ee gh ps me ‘HS Theat gh hei tes ne wi rb cieed ‘tae anew ect cine ny Cay and Weeks Phas Mech, 121 [ean ceed perme aray cy 2 ew pram ny rand ‘rope t eyo ece pi n Flsmazmma ton The pcp prescient (er wes we mh regued a eat al alt feet) er tet a bmn y»ucong mai ry eat ats apron he ep oe ier nem he re {Geter ue, eed cn cay ec Fermi an sca dr) enema modest pr eon ‘egeoscoeSomscem rf nom an tn a rR Te wom oneness yi rg hl be ened etn neo Bat Eapmerng, Ran Yate Ming Me Cle, (2) (b) oy Fo, 1 Ten oe dines mot tra ey) Cmte cane mae. Ts ‘lute i () et mats md Te fer mats une becomes a he wae po ‘decussate nen et ormety pera ‘Ste toch! ago te pt ncn wheel open INTRODUCTION The reasons for developing the theoretical model described inthis paper were, fr, to more rigorously evaluate (wo allerative hypotheses Jseiing the ne selective stroctures tht determine capillary permeability an, second, to we the theory to conceptualize new experiments to test these two hypotheses. One by: postess proposes thatthe molecular ltrs within the small dscontoutes ia the strand of molecules forming the junctional complex between adjacent en ‘othe cells These discontinuities ao determin the length of the junction ‘electively open forthe fasion of small hyrophie solutes. The secoad hy. pothesis also proposes thatthe breaks i the jnetonl and determine smal Solute permeability, but assumes thatthe primary molecular fier is a Abrows network ssocated withthe cell surface ang the wide pat ofthe junctions cle. ‘To quantitatively tst the feasity of these two hypotheses we have developed spectic molecular models fr the structure of the jnctonal pore aod the fet Matrix, Te prediction ofthe model are evaluated ising data on the hydralic ‘ondvctviy, permesbty, and slectvy of microvesols with contquous en ‘athciam ad the witrastractre of mironesels of known permeability properties “The surtng point for our analysis isthe model in Fg Ta, which based on publshed studies ofthe utarractre ofthe left Between adjacent endothelial {lk most of which were completed prot to T98D wing electron mirosopy on ‘comentonal thi secions of 40°30 am thicknes, and protein tracer molecules, ‘which could be asd ss size-specie molecular probes ofthe pathways through the let (Per, 1971, Casley Smith eral, 1975; Wisi, 1979, Pery, 1980; Crone ‘and Levit, 1564). The molecular filer was assured tbe associated wih sie ‘pening inthe jnctonl complex, where tbe adjacent membranes appeat tobe ‘ry dose, but nt fsed. This sizeselectve pore could also be formed by a tortuous patsy acrost 8 multtranded array i which these aiiLe openings ‘ould appear indifferent planes of section. These views lead several authors 0 A MODEL FOR CAMLLARY PERMEARLITY Co propose a simple one-dimensional contrite channel model, a8 shown ia Fg {a in which the permeability was proportional to the factional length of the junction stand, which was effectively open forthe difusion of smal solutes, and the szeeletve strata was a resttive sito 6to fm up heigl connecting the mir regions ofthe elt whose with was estimated to be 17-22 am by ‘arious investigators. In muscle capris the measored hydraulic conductivity and permeability coefficient for small solutes could be accounted for if 10% of the junctional strand was open, while in frog mesenteric capilries coset 90% ofthe junctional stand needed to be open to account for these permeability properties. The estrited deft height was the equivalent sit dimession that Would Esty the messured reflection coefients fr solutes of 1.S-to 3am rads (Curry, 1986; Crone abd Levit, 198). ‘Over the past decade there have been two significant challenges to important details of ths model. First, three dimensional resonracions of sera setons of ‘aplanes in rat heart muscle indieated thatthe discontinuous breaks in the Juncsonal stand were only of the order of a single convetional thin section thickness (0 am) and ths Was much shorter than the Beaks proposed by eater investigators, who had based ther estimates on random thin sections. Further ‘more, the 4Osam breaks observed by Bundgaard (1980) were very infequent (Goproximately one per miromter of junction length). These dicontnites that represented 3 fractional length of open junction that was considerably shorter than the length of the dscontnues predicted by the one-dimensional model ‘The 3D reconstructions also showed thatthe patter ofthe junctional complexes representing the points of contact between adjacent cls was ery similar fo the pattem of ridges and rover seen infreezeractue electron micrographs ofthe Junction complex. This was the result expected i he junctional complex Seen fn conventional EM corresponds tothe seays a intramembranows parties seen in freee fractre as isa suggested by Wasi (1979). Bundgnard pointed! oxt that discontiutes in the jonctonal strand storer than 40 am could not be ‘ented im conventional thin sections. Afr ressamining a small sample of train setions (12-15 nm) from a previous stady, he suggested that discon Tinuities as sal as 12 noi the sad might eepreseat a population of smaller pres. We alo evaluate this hypothesis ia more deta in this paper “The second ellenge to the model in Fi. 1a the observation thatthe perme: bility and selectivity of vary of continaogs expres cane accounted for ifs mat of Hhrous molecules covered the endothelial cll race and fled all ‘or prt ofthe cleft as shown in Fig. 1b. The ber matix hypothesis placed the Primary molecular iter in the mati and not atthe junctional somple. Revions valuang this Bypotess hae been pblshed eee (Michel, 1984, 1986 ‘Cany, 1986; Crone and Levitt, 1984, Tsay eta, 1985). Further experimental "support fr this concept i the recent demonstration that enzymatic removal of the endothe yeoclyx in frog mesetericcapllares decreas the hydric resistance by roughly 80% (Adamson, 19%). Sige the matrix doesnot constitute 2 signiicant barr to small solutes, tbe predicted permeahiy to small sles, ‘suming the cleft is open, much too lage. To account for this shortcoming, itis necesary to postulate that smal saute peemeabit is reputed by pores ot breaks inthe junctional strand. One fundamental dllerece between the propored jnetiona trandpore-ber matrt mods considered herein and the srg june ‘onal strandpore model considered previously in Fig Tals that the stacture of 8 unt 134, AND CURRY 2. The shoe rie of tion prt eanpemens, Tee pi argent comeped Io) sal peed Begs (8) aan cw Ce png ra fre nore a (oon om the junctional strand discontinuities doesnot have to be retried to dimensions required ofa molecular steve Ifa mate present ‘The development of the preset models was aso dtiven by the nee 0 obtain ‘mote precise molecila models ofthe junctional complex. Either the dscontn Us are so small hat they ue nt observed in 0-am Sections or they ae large, but intfequet, o that most ofthe junctional stands aught baer impenetabe to water and solutes. Figure 2 summarize several srangoments ofthe junction Proteins considered in thi manuscript. The ntevocking siuctare in Fig 23 was Sigested by Tay (199) (TWP) a5 way in which ze cestive pores could be formed by individual msing proteins. ‘This interlocking arrangement was Sgested bythe observation in Firth el (1983) that the average spacing Between junctional proteins in each membrane of the guinea pig pacetal epilaris was 2am, jst ace the diameter of the individual protein (1 nm). Aa important ‘omseguonce of the model in TWP was thatthe predicted spacing between the Pores, required to acount fr measured valve of Lyi fog mesenteric eaplates, (C00 am) was to small to neglect the thre-dimensional interaction of the felocty fein between pores and thee dimensional model fr the junctions ‘rand as developed. "The alternate possiblity thatthe dscontauts i the janetioal stand are larger than single ming protein, and widely spaced, is wualy represented shown in Fig. 2. The rectangular it length is shown 2s 4-88 am, representing four to tight mising protcne, andthe sit eights shown as 6-4 nmin order that the steam fnction asthe primary molecular fer. However itis difiel to-explin how tis slit high ie minaine. One expect that, if jnction proteins ‘were sbeet in thee longer dscntnutes, the membrane foros that determine the equilbrium spacing #0 the wide part of the left would als be operative in ‘A woos. FoR cAMLLARY PERMEAMTTY » cl sand ith pra pep! yl nt he et pr he esol samt te he entropion te al ‘Simul tts iis he vide ron eh, conn eee ern ee ny beac os pa ya Th star eee oe he the rgion where these breaks apes. Th over these longer breaks Was small, be nearly the Same as the background 1- 1 22mm height ofthe wide part of the chanel, ss shown ia Fig. 2. The larger beaks observed in Bundaard (198), ‘whose lengths ae typical singe conventional FM sections, suppor thi conjec Tare concerning the sp height ofthe larger break, It sich pores ae present they camor be the primary size selective stature anda ber matte inthe wide part ofthe cleft fala required to provide the molecular seve, The theoretical model described in ths pape isan extension of the -D model in TWP. The simplest form ofthe mode shown i Fig. 3, where the ietrtocking jueson strands were treated ss an impermeable barer with priodialy i Inbated disrete cicuar pores representing the indivi! misting proteins at shown in Fig. 23. In order 0 represent the fiber matrix components the wide pat ofthe ce, a two-dimensional square array of slender cose ring fibers ‘tradi # and eight 20" wae intoduced witha period spacing 2 and gp ‘spatng & a sketched inthe lft hand dagram in Fig. 3. The fers ae sown ian ordered ary to acount forthe fact that part of he teraction of bain ith the marie appears to involve ordering ofthe bers as dseribed by Michel se, Ta the present paper we shal explore the important extensions ofthe model in TWP. First, the pore in TWP was assumed tobe formed by individual mising proteins i the junction protein stand whose cose setonal shape was a ceculat hole of radius rp = 5.3 om. This vale of pore radus was selected to Ot the ‘rmotic reflection cotfient dat for intermediate sotes smaller tha a: 0 WaIBAun FAY, AND CURRY bumin (ctectve hydraulic diam 7 om). In this study the various rectangular justin pore geometries shown ia Fig. 2 wil also be examined andthe perme: Diy properties of small csr of up to cightmising proteins willbe analyzed. ‘Second, a much more rigorous hydrodynamic theory has been developed forthe fer matrix, whichis valid for an ordered aay of ro bridging fibers of abitray spect ratio and sping (Tsay and Weinbsum, 191), This new theory wll Be ‘sed 10 () describe the addtional hydrodynamic resistance duc 10 an ordered matric inthe wide part ofthe eet and) to develop a simple model for randomly

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