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Os "c!onj!untbs
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oonjuntos d:B

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quais

"lLJli~il:al~' ,p~~r~, .r;e,solulia"o des .J;)tobh~~rtI:,a~ ,Q, ;a;p,re's:e,nt~dqs,: em qLJ~dqlUl"e',r'

ar'9'S de ,atuaga,Q pr'o:fiS,~i(Jin',a!1 IU nos problemas do nIClSSO' cotldiano .. O ,"_

Q:uan,do fo:r rts cessart Q, fazer

o';pera9o,els

100m

'humet;os In',atura!i's, em
1~:S(l~~

d"9t'eirm:~"rllado\~ases, ..'9SI~a:,S'lopreu;~ag,one'rS;' SlBO' po:ss'fv'e:~~s,e;~ em 'otJtnols" e

as:

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-~["""LET:~C""='" " J C,~'r,;~r- "10

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Nas ,o,pe:ra'i~6e~s mostradas

numeros naturals -. ',: .' _.["',:= :..,,1' 56

antertormento, todas Ioram

'}Q$'$lV~'S5'

porqus oesul"tadJ~ obtiid6 to isem pre' urn numero qUt~ pertsnce ao CQn~!ILJ.,-Jto.de

Q,bt·ird"O.lnaIQ'· pertence
if"

80

coniunto dos r umares naturals, ,

,
'!81 ".

,', .', "C" . ' ..1,,~2. :onlun,t)o NlUmer,Qs II:n'telros. '( Z )

1;-

Ic\oinjlunrto de n,um'lero's

intelros ,~'nc[liui numeres j.'nt,e~ros IPos;i,thlOS

,81

ne.gijih.(Os e

lerna 10' zero come clemente central d.ess,e·'conJ nto.

-..._ .

.Wf.!~tz,an,do' esse )~f)n;,_ unto de nurneros naturals, 'p,O'de'im,o;s- rea izar

'op 9,ra:g:0 e s:, QU_9!·na,o, serlam 'pIO,SSi\le~S; ·ap.e,n··as corn 0 eO'lnjlU11't0' de nurneros
I 1 l
1

naturals. Ve!~a,o'lex:$m,p~",II,O: J. ['

v ,

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'~

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outros con,j\JJ~t9s para s:~rglir duian[IB 0,'

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1

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i

10 C)o,nJIU~nto'~d,e ,n!'~'rn"e:~f"O::S' r,~,c:it)I'rtajis· r 00 nstitufd 0: por nurneros e

1 '

'j'riliairos~·9'

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e~e·mr:.ii~tr
"" ~I .. ~

'0

rssultado Ide uma 'd:ijv:iis,a<O~ ',PQ,r

da id'l'v'i:s,:a~o, pertence
.......

ao CQLn:j Into, de nuim,ero's racionais. u

!

.;...-"·."t"··· ...'.-.. -IIU·m -"B~r"~:,~' _ a-~:C··'~I;o··"n'8-·118'-'.';. '-.v', . ._,I: ',.b, . e·\. .'",:' .. '......- . ".' 10· . : .",' ,U 'Q .. . ...... .... ' .. . , QQ . C,o·.·,·n·"Ju,n,;A 0"-"''!,:S·-'·, nI':,.'.II[JIIU~I., r'-.-.'",.--".-'~'.' 0," ~OI.,'n'·Ju: -h·t' u 'd~" 'n"·U'.I'mQ'ro··,~', 0,",' bt ..d'·_···· ,,I 10 ". ,II
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ser

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;divj,S3.C exata, ou urna dlZ~J~ra: ,pe'riI6diii'~a:" poretn

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0. den,o.m:ij,n;~dor ~dleve' ser ..: "'7,l""I;'r~ V,-~'·, ~u6 __ '__ '0:' ros e-~r'v6m"""p>':I"iO-'~·a~. ~~g:"; ~ uir d.,'il"'f-"'e"~'~'nt·e:'."';,~II.~~'I_ v.~ n'D'C' _··~n, m '0'·~t-'·~a·-·d<' T3. '<-'~~' _~" ,g S' >.'~
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Matsmatica

Existcm numeros ·'c.uj,a repr,es'aint~!s;a~J '··dec~,tma,~ nao; .:e exata nsm p,er:i,6di,cIs,. s'aDI ehamadosde

nu'me'ros,:li _'ra,c:ion:als,.
-.

J,untand,oiodIO's esses .OQ'nju,nt,o,s

18',

"l.r meres,

tsrnos 0 conlurtto IdQ~

nurneros. reals, IOU ,sela,~0 'ooni~'~unltoeos reals le-o_ ~ -'~!m,todos os outros OOr1"jl~,htIOi~t

Vlala a :Fi~gf.u,rla 1~

:Fig,UI3,"1 ',Co'nljuntos

,A reprasentacao do con,junto, dllo,s:n'~m:etos -rQ'ais: pede ser Ifle:lt;a~'atr,aves _d,B' uma reta n'uml~rilca" .. em que cadaponto d:a reta repreeertta tuml nICiine'-',o '::U,,~,
par ~en'oeae co:nl~Uin'to, rUimer,oIS,rie'laJls-dos
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numeros reais, devemoslevar

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0 sj'-~~QJI :00

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As, ·tr~alns.forma9.o,es num·e, icas S'8:0' _ tilizadas na gr:an:d'B maloria das

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ar's:as da len,:gennlati·~.~pols" em 'funyao dos velorcs utj izar os, as res,': illQ,oeS
I

podern ser si'm~lp:Uf~e~del:s:~ qU~jn:db as unidades Jorem ranstormadas .. V13-;a

ex.:ri~un1p;l!0;,
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e .u-nlza~do" para, ~:n,ld,icar um

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-, eomparado !O,Q:m,a unldade, utilizam-se
O:S: submu t pl'IQ:s·leta unidade, por

e:xe'mpllo~ a) 1Inldi]Ga,c~,o de v,allor,de carga eh~lflic'a-Un'-·'I~lld"·~-a"·d-:J-e·_, Ooulorn b - (':Ie':-)

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como
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,area Id!e urna

nas daas 'd.~m~!ri,s,.o,esPara a sistema 'inl~ler~·'a:cl~ana' nldade de lare:a ,e,: metro a.

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[P'-"
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porqO~'sfu)

considerados as euas medidas"

argura e

a pro,ce,d~lm[e,n!t.o, paraIazer
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a: transtormaeao, eJdenf'co~ ao
8,

p-rOC:9SSP

cIa

para gra.n:d:sz.$Si Iti,n.eares,. porsrn

dsvem .ser 'co' oeados dels

.".' me rais para' cada unldads, como mostra u

absla a s9',g,uit.

lu:nil'ldadells manores, desloea-sc ',a ~vfrglula paraa ':I'~rJejtal a,te a IJn·id·adte· Id'es~j:ad'a'· a p,;artL do valer

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uma unii.dade de

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are~'~Qpara

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~~,; a<:" ~u-.'n·l-i'.d.·.r:~',e:-·C11'~ "_" ._" UlW· .'
Ij

CI'rC,U 0

trj:g,onornetri,co

11~ o

S8:rlO

(j,e um

a·... uLo g

varla de '..~._,,. 0

~~~_~~~_~~~

__

CfEFETS:,C
.1 .:. e•. ~.".--.

.'

,~~==~

- ·o~· ·· . '.r\ S~e·'; arco.. A<··II variar ...... ",~,

.-1 ..

"

varia
,,,".

-0, V,~:I~f
ol(ljl'l,;,1,

eorresoondente ao l.:i'.' ....

,.11_

..

_".-,."

..

-~.,.".~:.:,,_

'8H~lno' do U_.,-"

a~··n.rjiu.~·'6, ".'~ ....,.,.

· d.0 entre '0 I~:UJ A, e K f orrn ac nto _. K,

.

Errt todcs
."1 '

OIS

proceCirne~n.tos para deteJrri~ha9.;~~o seno do ang~~JQ_:~, do S'IS

.. I. _. I

d,ev'IBconsldsrar ,p'~o':sitiv'c: :al'n.g,~,·ul0a 0 ·-r···e·· e ,~'"f·'-:-:·· ")'~\- -;-' ,-.;~ .-. .~.~_, P" n~·· tc d.'.-:-, ~-ren .~naL~1
U _" ,yl _ .~

contenem no
•. -. •

sentido -alnti-hlot,a'f"~D a p-7,artir d'OI

.. I.. -.

b) Ponto K :desloca'·90'~ ... ... ~ ~

-';

..,.

'_

'-

~.,

.. -~ -

.:.

+
..

-,~

+
-.

r'

.,pon~9 sebre.. ql .K ~

1\ l1t1i'Q,;r',e["AAI lab r~~ _- ~~~ .-.4. . -'..

J ~

... -~ -.,. '-~~"-""", A-k~j~O;~e~!'7:!t~

.'.'; 1n,gn sene de 0
'F"

'0,

D .. K d ' '.". ,&[01,' C_-K;Ollto .... ~" ',.:'~'-~........1o,o-p . ,::eSJtf)Ca.

.~ ;) I· .. I.

Ii ....

"

,+
,

.~

'T

K
"

.1 .. ~••••••••••

.!',

~i_ ••••• ' __

=_~_.. ~
..

A. p.rQj.~() do '. po:n:eo Ie so~h~~e '0 ;.."'_.,. , A 'eixo Y -'~";~;ero -~. ..'.:: ,:~
I ~

I'

"-ill

. O;.ien(i1ie

I."

...c··

... ,~

·l~O~fj "

a~Ui,and,o a pento K Qjo·i'n:cidit novamente cern

com ll_~,_v,lL,a ~d':.~~'aU' rna :···I'r.lI·'ld:·' ·· !Ii..i ..
J.
c;;il,

01

po~nt,o A,~: tara ·51d:10<. sobre

~

'v;~·.-o:;·)t'-ac<: .. 0'1'1,1 ,.. li_~1 ' .. IJ.tiI

s·.:~J'·:al ~~,;~O: ,e:~, novarn ·£Y;n~·"e--, o ~ .. 1.o.,'!#.Q. .'V' __,'t~ "' ~El·'~, ~

a'·c·'

·P'·~'ir~J"nfr."!a?'ln :I~'~ VI~Y:~.U '_,'

',0 e·.il!x· :_._ : ':_:::_'. ...----o.-·

1

y .....

·A, p:o\s;i~y.a,d Ide' ponte 'iK' v;Bf'la. g,ob:r 9 ~ Cilrlcu,t~'fe'r~;nei,a,~ .. po,~:,~nto o arco
I
Id'

lescrlto-_ P' . S·~;i!"U'rr'a~i-I :p".onto I~'I,::.'s':O': sobre .tod a sla, IL : -··IO·:-:·' . '__ _v-_. .:_:.
,v.o'Ull
.:_:.Q ..~ ,~ . '-: ._.~\ __

1,_

e··:n:'t·a~":o··:_' Ia remo II
,......

.1,

.....

'I~ !O'

urnII ,'. IB'

r,'e-·[a,·,···~,~I'·n ., .;a~n-·g, d· ~,_ _ iya~ ._·s··.·· '~

I '.,

utos
~ ~.~

~~~_~==

=~

~C"~FETS·C· t,;.,.. . ...•

~~

.rz: 'v' ,;j

2

·~·····_'.!111_: .i_";'··_·"

An-gu'lo:s do pr"mls,Ira (I)

~1'" P-o',·S_,:iit·I·V·c-O:·ls·~· le-:" O-'·,S""a~lng-:
":" 1.... ,_, ~,._." _,-".

e se'g'Ul~ndo (ll)
1
'0.

,ql~a·'_ralnte$ lam valores die seno

ql ""'11.:._'1.1

lUI 0,··s··' . o tc ·. d u·..

'_I, ': I,

csire
~I

.1('

.~I

rn )1 e
•

_",

q..-' ua -._.I.LJ· '.~,':N'~:,''-,')" ~'O:'" (

....

a-: r a·m tes

..
':1 '.__ '._,-,:.

·*,,8;1'11'" lt~'i

v'a110"_ de,~.' [_Lt. '.

1

o~ <;
'g,-'. iadrsnte
!
1

8 < '18;0 , para valoras de anguIos do prime'ro e segundQ

0 valor

do sene

e semprs

posltivo.
(!.r!

13~'-;

'-0

sen a- sefll135 '~ 0,707

..8d·...........

~-----!

.......

~~

•. -

't!.'0 3660
_ i ",

~,.'BO·IIDI Itl, '< 36:0D <

fi~

-l
1

para

V'Q.otBS d'e

,B.!ngulols dtl ';er~,ellrIO

.e QIU'2,O

q:u;adranta ,,0 v:al!o~rdial sene 8' 5'9m[pre n,eg'ali vo,

'~.C._I

-225""" u
.' -'...

.:'

""0

. ~ .j

sen

·.P'~ ,22S·Q ~ sen

oo~

~' .

:: ~

:-'

O~107'

O~.310_0PI s,am '5~'s~n 3'00 '0..:

1

.... O~;·8·66-

'<t).o.~

d,e' u--! 3-- " ,3'" ··-'0, ·s> e' ·n·--··o: ,- ,-rm ~·~'n·-·g·.· .:, Ig..: .,~'.._.
,_I .

ill·.

"~

o:_.

_."_:_

:_

..

•_

"

,,_

,0. cosseno representa

ret a 0 .'
_ I •

a p'role ga'Q do ponte K sobre

J

0'

eixo

das

absclssas (X)~ ousela aabsdssa co ponte K ,9 0 valor repressntado pela sernl-

Como' 10 r~ait_Q.do circulo trigo(nl'o,metri'cQ Ie . :, 0' eosssno de um angu~o vall"a de '~,er'oI~tea unldade,
I•
'1_

~'

Q) Ponto K 'desloca:90~1~

.AI
,It.

o '1Lf' tV A pro'ill-~'eca'" ~-~,..,,, 'd'-,n p- nto K'c, . 'b~-": .'""":.~.~ -' 'e,:' 'J' "J'-: ',so .re 0 flXO ....._: __ :t) go .
II, I"'
I

r;

,",

-l

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U.
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X'

:',

i"

.:'

'.

eli: .._. '.'

'.

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-'

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CO'SerlQ

~d.e0°= 1
,

.). P:-(}mo;', rue8dJC·a "'8'0'C .," K'" .~, if: ... Jl:':~ -, 'C;:.' "

d) Ponto K desloea ,21·Or~.

, '

e)' Ponto K
'" ":'_,.I~.

',-

'..

'

desloca 3'6"":,0"
.... , .. ,.'1. ,.r~~~"Iii. .: ' ,"_

"

."

01

:'sob~~;cia;o1t~11 "'. ' t-,tlOgo oseno de' l'C':O"'O~ __

,,~.-i";;

A nrn:i~-ri3,~, p: onto ~K
C~_" ,_,"",j

0·,-

A partir deste ponte, em. cru.s' : oi cornptetada angl 'O'S

it

urna rota~a;o ~Inf:eir,~·, $1 0

,rao: re!peIUf,~.IPor lsto diz-se que as flLlnc,oes ,. en,o e COSS.eR'O os,cao. fun,~6e,s,"

peirii6d:i,aa's,~

.~----~--~~----~---=~~

C·EFETSC .~----~------------~----~

I la'" .fVf'~: .,l' , -

~~a-m·~·c,Gi'f;p;.a
J

I ,1(;.11; ~ a~'Ik;ilj.~~:

41
1

A:-osi.c;;aO,t.l,Q

ponte !K- varia

sobre

.8

clrc:~,nfere'ncla~ portanto

arco

descrito P9~~~,uJr~ontos score toda ela, 9'ntao Iaremos uma rBh~;:a d',e' 3f)gU: O',S' p .. o
caraeteristlcos IC:Qm seus raspae ~V:osoesencs. c

IC'OS
I'·' ':~:

.:_..... 120.0,

O'5 ···.1:·.:'~

.cos
I." -,

1'"w.. e,····· o·"_ q~6::'"6·· ~,IO· .-' '_ tl ~

l ... : ,',

1 cos; 1 BOo == ."",: :', 1

C.OS 2~:'4','.' ~ _IO~' 5'" .~." O~,u ~.-;-.

cos- 2,70:'0

=0

.ICO·S 31 00°

= .0',,5

.os ~ . ....... " (8'' ''.:_: c,··· .: 12'1': i'O'···:·o· -@;O'"_""~.-"16~:"6":_" _ 'B' '~6~·~ c'· 3~~O··..<J>._ :0'":~I<l.? .. ·os - u'
',I-:-~' = '"

.- - 3c;O" 0 =: I. t)O·S·~~IO~:.· 1

_c'.!rt

3'~ ...' ... e·' . ~:'. , 3'~': :_Ta.."g,.-' ....JB d'lr"Ie. um angu 1"'0
..... ~_.'
r
.

A '.anl.g~~nte, .um ang'u'tQI dei'

e def'inida,

como a re!l:ac;;'a,Qentre

01.seno

e, 0

IC'IO$Ssnc, O19iS pa a representar no cireulo tr.lgon!om·etd,co. a tan:gente do arco A,K,sera representada pele valor-da sernl-reta A"".,

+
i.

'y ..
r
"

'b-)'"Ponto . desloca . 8'"" . , [::.... K Ai n.... . .. --. e·'

r- ~

------~--~~~~~~----

-CCEToC'C Cc~rc:-,' ~~--------====--------===

~.I, ',-

,d)·· P,onro"K_ desloca I'gOO

• '_I _. •

~.

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' .'

..'

.. ,~ _ ..

._:

'",

f1

Se.unit <Os.I}OntD~,0 ~de '" . R_.'PO! ~$. .~ qUI~<S,~j~

," ". iI ,'~ .

1,..

','

1"

mng:entle\

prolongados, na.Q c:rG'z;8:tA ,COIn 0 .eixo da

,,). e·,

, . ~< ;~Io~c.aP10~tOK·'·~'''''~''·
.

IT quad rante.
,..." "",. I. -

13

,·,·0'....1':..-,: 1 "'ULt

fJ ' onto K decSloca ;QJ) do,

'ill q[ladr".ant~ ,_
r '_ ~. :

lib"

'..\'

I'

+
.

U 1!lindn-.f~e~n'S lltuitus .':~

l
!

a tangeate do M&ll]O.:e , ·

eixo da tangente, ,ppn~pl d' ',If''o:l:I lq,., ~ " N ..,--: a -,,_;..ta

l.o",,~.L~

~t¢,O ·e p1;'Om'cn ..gando B:Je'O,

't:',9'·T't':Irill,=~ A},f. '.. ; ,.· ,. .. '~-.
~l;l~' \.JIU

que.neste negati va

alg,a

sera ~

,I

- poslicao do
I . ::"lll.,

aonto

Kvada sobre a c~irc'U:I"ferencia 1M01 .s;entld~o·.postthla.~

iII

·P·' ,d,S' n 41:,1 '0 0"-

0-::-

'a-"-~'0"0'-'" -:'"

'd':"~""'"'S'·'0: F);'t' Q' J~"~'~~" o, 8"" '~I":'

oess u 1r,· 'P' ,0"·.Jio·~,---.obre ted at' n :t.-.. ",. IS:' _".' T
(>=,.,~

c.

,~,.;,

Q" ..

ela,,>., e"-: II-a... .'; r.'e' rno .n ~.'n ',~v" -a'

':",
'f'

~.I

""~"

U' m 'Q
'J ,,~ .

"8:~90P'

lt~'

tan '5l0(l" .~. Indeterruinado

9--.'-,20~· 1'9¢iW. tan l2(lt),::; ,_

V3:'

6, ~,.J!:O'~ :O~U',.,

' P ~ra VElI:ores "d:-'- ,angu,llo,S I'~".e!i -:-.',:-," I'·,

I ,. ,.. ,,'
c-'

r :-,

,,> _.." '

.;-".

mlUIIlIO p1roxlrn,o:,s d..e': ,'

,-

'ii,,~" , I
-

f',',

"

9:·0" [) : -, - , '2',~·,7· "0' -

:"",

..

IOU.

Iff
!~'

r:» _:_,

J.

,-'.. "., .. '. p.s, va .l lore:s, d""e', '.' ,.

.-" :.

t,:B~, J' .' '~: ,.'i :": ,-:8;: t-a-'n·gen-:'.. P'o''dem assumir ~ !'" :,:,
:.'_I~

ale ."' :, ~" F "S:'~"'~' __'X<"': p :' __ '8'.. "5° -'S 'V":- ore.::~ ale'vad'o'" - -'·or~eo. - . 'e· m ",_'I 0' t'g'- ":".' ..~

11'. 4 3"1
1

,I: I i':.',~

d-1_ .'."'_:'

Corne no, ICuts'~. de Ej'et :'ot9cn!ic'~, a ut1lliiz~~a'od~ecaleuladora p;~~ntffi'da~. e" 'e-'· fundamen ;"a:' im po rt-·:la~'n-'- :~l os .. ,,:,,~',~, 'ex'presses em torm ra d"'[;'e:" ·S·: I c><"r' [·ra""ze· e t,:"",q,; u'· valores '---'
1_"
,:,Qi.'_ ":' ..
It:,;, , ,'.~'.

~,':I

,."a,"U'-:'

:'"

"':'

~':

,._',:

.:'_'I"_:~""'"

0:" '_:_'_,
U"

,.

.'

'.;'

ftag!o,. .ssra representado por valores na forma de numlsr'os decimals, por

exemolo:
Para obter os valorss d_9 sene, cosseno e j,anlg.en~e·de urn a:n,g'ulo-;, bas
'Q

teclar

valor

,·0

eng utI 0 e'-posteriorm ·'nt.~·eclara ·fu'n9"aO' desel ac a. t

j[A-Q ·E··-·yo··m· ". p:: '10", _'.' _:

. -, ."', ".-0 sen 3,Ov

="~,"'!"

0;" '50""" O.~IBiBI6

'...a! n S
r' ~

''',0'

.1)1'0,:-0 -:;;;::' '"J ·5·0-' 0" .....'

I

. ":'. .' ,Sian.' 3""3~"0.:6 ~ ·-0"'1 '5:·' :0":, ":l

'~,'o ..~ .:', ~

.L_·

sen ',6,109
0 '

-sen ·-,60~J== ...OIS'BIB

ODS

"' sen ."-0' OU

...... 3'

","

~_.~

!.:~I

'_

".

==

,_

.....

10':' 8"10'
...
~l:,J •..

:"',·"'1
lL:..:

6.-·'

cos' 4.51 ' ~, 0,,'7'07

C' 0'· ·S-..:··
_'_ \

m45° ,;::;. O,~707

~
l· '." ~: ... I . .'. : ;
9

cos 13,501
,, " ' -

.=

~QI~707'
3· ~ ,.

,3:0'1°' _.
'.... ~

10'1':'

,. ...;.;_,1.

'B·'::·6~·6·:
_.' I .. '

ces ~3'~·:"Oo ~. '0'':'~B··6·····6·:·

~'U _-: - _.. ' . -

cos',3,O,IOo == 10-·866

tan '30 ..=. O~.5:77 ta.·,n a::o=-:}J .'...·'

c ,.:1...

:,'- ,- " ";·0

",

_, l'l
",.",;,

! ,_ .":.

7··"'3:·

2···'

t'IBl'n 3,0° .- O·~'77 v 't":a'-'n:' '6'-"00' - -, . 7..: 2 3 ....

r~

" :~J.

[!!!IIJI~

j.

~.

..;.'

.-

."",

"'a···n ' ?' 3'

'L.I .. '._'
ce

,Q .. 110· :-..

'0 _, ,.,·0'-:· "5",'7·.'7·'" ' ,.!. '."

J

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..

~:,'

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• '-

. -'

[:_ .•

"iu",lil!l""~' 0 'n1.';I~' 0.· ". Ob serve que 1.'rt..I'.: s'-t;e-"m'· a""'nQ'u"I"o'~lndloados po r ·v,il:' :' r' ,.'. valores ,ldi1ere.n:'t.eS~t possuem o riles rn0' valor d:e~ sene, cosssno 19,' 'laJilgente, como por exernplc: ... . .. -. - -., " ' -ftlL'l . 2" DOl sen_. 30',Q .=·,-s.'e·n,·'',5~""U- = sen ..-,.' 1,.'. "."':.0 3" AftiS··: 5' '0 . '11 co·s" 5· :- ...•. ,,' _, '4:'."' .' ._, ,.'10" 9~ '150 tan 1" 13'...0:-',01 ~ 'tan 2':1,1 D':"'o - 't'I" "S· n -1~: ,~l~iOg .' .
I
_

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... : 1

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u·

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rill, ,~ _

a~1

rli~~~:;A9::~~nb·.·'-: UJI~;'.,'~IUI~ ~ ~LV~ -. ,t!o,.

~~rl~

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~I~~,~.

s,-:.or!',~;n" ~Y'~ u,.

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C'E' FI E·TS: C·· .:-:-'.-,: ..';:::';'~=.,.~ ~

__

~~

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-.
44'
. , I"

tri'a:n.glulo retang .I'I,O possui um tlfllgli.io rete e, ldio1isra:n:Qull·os ag,udos,. Do

~a"n.g~uloj 9'00; j,a COin tecemos suas caracterlstlcas ouanto de

-.

ao sene, cosseno ,9

.tan·g:entem. AJS' : 'el'a,·co~es, des ~nig1Uh)Sr,at):.udo,s;dependern . das dhinrenso,~s dos : ~~ +-,

B.

c:~ E a hilpote!n.us'a~,
'JI.'

'sen sen

B g

= Ie
:

B.

cos
L""l~

'l},~

A"

sen p '_

"

R,

:B

c.

·Ma'tems'ti:Ctll; ,
:B':
(;~

4:5
-.

B A,

ole ~ D';"AiiOf ;" ~ ar E'~~m':-~' l' ~,-,v~,~' '-m 'i;n',fr#'~'~'Y(:"

_I,

I~"-,:;,-.g,~

,0·····,

-S'::':',e-':n' /,0;

'"-. -·S<-·-"iIL"'D1n, '1:0--' IQ It:·a--:-·'n-II'g'-'O·-:·O-_:' -'~V~ _., ~ I _'_",'

·e·.' ,,_v :'nlff'e~-',-~:O~-I:S-··_-I a" _':,:: U' u __- n-j"'1': -' g

-~If'r'!'C!_

R llv~'.f4

'9__.0; t;l '

--4· A -B3
-~--

--

l.~";;.

l~

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,_ C'~IJ

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C . -.
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tij' ftl.~,: ~. fr-'

--_

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A"
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........ sen B-· c
-

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E'

xem ,pl~ .2~'~ '0- 'a'~' do 'JI~

A,U"
1
I. d!lli ", _'.\ I: J I'

0- 'ttr"I~l~'n-::-':u' 'IIA .a ,iD;B'-g-_::"-"u' I. '-It'·'r~ L JICl '19'· U

_:'. 1 •. ~ .. ' I.;_, _

,"..

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iii:'i'_eit1"ii' 1i;"1~lll

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,

t'

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u,

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-.
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:,_,_,,'_:_. ~~E~II,:

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.. ~

-. - ·,C~I~_..:,,_-------_-~~~ ··F' E:F'~G-" 0"':~" E'

>

Matematica'
-

•-

:pt. . I8'~ "'~ _.. ,.1 fQ ,-. 9":"",0· Jfli

. . .. .. ,'['

..

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". ,"

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.+

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19

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I," "., ,,". .. ."_,.,'

A:rgume'nt,o di'e um n;u:mlsre complexo ~·~Z~' a me,di'da, do, ,a'ngulo ,; . '~:~d':: tn U',: 'O·'··:'Is: .:~ :' 'e-1i:-x:"'O:' U',,~ ir"-~:riilS" ·Z·/ ~to" '~, f:O·':'1F'm;· 0:" elo "'="IOlflI11:"" e·:;·'n'li.:u ,A'9:' ,
,II I'~L'
p" :",''Q:

(·,a~.;i:J:~1 .

':.'

'r'l~iJ'+'i!;l1 11·~~l!.ia,,··

~I

1'0":"

".'J

:,,;

[II OiW':~",

-..

'~~~.

"""U y,
',c<-~: ~

;Iifj. ,;....;: . ~

,II

IZI
it '.
jo

v'

~,.;.,;:,.,

.JUJLi

,V08 ~~ '=1 ..---.,.,

1

_,

-.z
b·
,

'I
,

iii'

,.

. "II, ,~'O":'" para liZ' ,,# ";: ".,

"'.".' .. ',;-;-

' .Z,

.. I

.. ,alll.;,:····· t·" ,il'·

_ • '.I'

'

~. ,~, =.

a:
It.
",-:-'1' '- i'
1 ,

o
'-.
"

. " -.-=;~.. - - -_II . -. . ,.! [) -j " ..". .-' ~.':.-. - ".:.... ...~._ ,~,~: BJ101j 0 iCJUJrO -sene 18.'-' -'11' ~. .'~.

",\ 'I'-

1::':."

....

..

,Ll
'~'

O':··I·UI'. ~.
'"

'a
I '~_

.."'

".

[E:xemp·~II.cll 1:: Calcu .' lar .

0'

:a!rg,', rnento u
_-."

d:lo In.lJin'9

;0' ct('i·t'lp'~.I!le,)co == .Z,· ... .

4 .+. ',3;_~ ~,

coeseno

O',~

:ta.,n:geht8'f

,0;0

e~errnl;JI:rJ ut/llza,reifl}fis

:0"' 'g' . ;n - ,IV",

.

,4
~~~~;~

'II

~U,~

'r/i:-"

."

..-

::::

-I;

..

.-.

' 4~/'~C-'''~' ,a M-~'~~:m>:'

CI_.~~ .
r

'[I '. ~Q;

I,P,-I:a'," sabermo __ ira

es ~

_!I

..,S.',.,
_

'!' ~

valo do Ihi•
V'~.
.;!!

,.a,~,"".:,,~~n'·lg.·".'IU·.~:I-o·'I, T,',!I .

m C""UJ"'O C··:·O·-·'S~se
i, '._~, ~.,~,, __ .:~:-:

'~"'O-, e'i" 1.5

' ..

'10" ':5::"

8'1

u--t:tl;iz"-'a-";m" :!II,_'II::_~';~'I
"

'1""'_"

O~:··S··

'a: I
~'.

fJ
.

\1
::::;

'3"S:'; 8''-7°
' • ,. ..• ,
I '_', :.: :': .

II!

A forma de ob ermos

10

lanl~guto(.,

atra~v'e,a'da celculadcsa .'r(~~e,p:end:e:do

-.

'tipo da mssma, desta Iorrna, aconselhamos ler

seu manual.

Em :algulmlss: calculadoraa para cbtermos 0

ar: guile

fPll a partlr do
-.

cosse

IO~, procsdsmos

da seg uiin 9 maneira;

1 l

a) ID'ig.~tarnlo~'o, valor-do OOSSen'(l~no exemplo O,jB

b) Dlilg~ta,mIO'sa,.f:'u:m,.~,a,o C:·OS~1!.OLU

Q'rl";COS·

e (j,bte'mt,s

)0

ang,'u,I'o ·3,6.'B7~.

Exernp

0' -2-

Para O.In ~1mertl eornplexo Z ::-'6 + Bj determine:

;aJ·A-re,p-l'e"sent;aya:ol 'grafil''c~:a e.Z no plano 'OQ1m,p exo; d

b) 0 modulo-de 2;;
c) ,0 ~~gum!ento de, Z-

'Re$po~sta: a) R:e~p,\res,erJ,tar~iaol ,Gra,fi'c,B, , :'1"1

" !!

In':o.

,8 .c,~.~~-.,. "~~~",'~~' '"",,;"","""..

'."~'r-""".'

-:

6
:C-,:!i~C~' -····~'d-': :-': 9.' b) _i--C;\JI"UIOI_O ,III·" 'd"-'" mla ,u'1'10:.d' 1"-'" Z':"""_
1

'D~
,~!V'

. ' == ".J'~ 2,, + b·"'ii·· ;:",i!;/

zl
.~.'

.: . U· !z"··"··!·j- ~r;.2, +. 8 :.2'

~1 ..

',111,',1

'j

_'.

r ..
I,

Z: =:- ',~,,3'~·+ 6~4

'!'I ;, '. ~. ,

Izi =.J1OO Iz'= 0

~~ ............... ~~ (JEFETS,C_' ~ ~

Ln·L~i''O" ..

,1~Jfqt'~m'~~:~~'~U·~ .'.'~:~i~W-O ~
L

, 69
-r --:

'J' C'I~I.. d arqumen - -. C:,. "_ ,a.C,U:: 0 [~-.O. .• I .• • .'

'.

.'

.. - '-.-'

.~~...

'. ~

0 'd Z');6.',.
.. '.,. .. ..
Ii

!P- ~, 53,~~3° ,

·· . E _emplo -3.-:.

~..

I~I~ Jf' +( I~I=·~

--.
,

9)2

lij ={~+81

-"",,-""1 9·'·

48: -' .. -

-~I'I Qj'

C'·' 10"«. do, a" rg'" urn' i'B'int~-o" • ,_u- ,._I~ '.. ":_~ .. ,_I.
,I.

"i'_C":

:'','"-1 ,,', 'C"";"S' -~,' ,:_:': .1""" 0 '-'I:IC--:'UIO";~' :_.

do 'a"',' _'",rente _.,:J -rg"":'-um' '..:

I

1 ~~-_"

P-" ,0

ad ·. S·Eh :fIa~-i,t'o':' u'!f;~i'I'Z)a' rid'" 0-' ,[e. '_::-liU~\I~

·1

'-:-~,':::',r

II,~.:~

/',,_,:111-111,

"I"

: Ut :.'~:'Ii'· ""d' 10 sene: mzane -':' ',' "-'"

i

~']'" d .Un zarn-"I""'O-'[ eosssn o:

_. ~ .• l! ". '.' · ... '~.~.I.~..
"':'

I.,

'CQSI~ __
, V:'"

. "3"

_',

"9' 48' -,'.;"-,,'-;,:.-'

'C'.

,n. 'y
'"
[ ; ,I

== 7"':'1'1 6"'0 '

~.,l"i':"
7'

r 1-.,
j

'1'

II
•

'I6'::'0: ." .,.·

'_,

,-~~-----~~~~

cersre ~~------~~~~~~~~
'..... i~r[1t:
l~ !i ". "

'0:"·"
".'

il.·J.(;f'Q· .

Iljf~,t,

'ema:,r.'f'fi">~'
\~r •" ~ [ .•••

t-I1lw~,

"5, 7 '-, E"""'sre' ;.rC'-._.-:_'.~., S-"" 'p"'ro"'I' ste s pe ".,A~I.~ :11 :-I~O-' ..
,--, • "1

[JI:.

,J

I,

,11: ,:_';."

':

', ..

:.~

Determii'nar

0 moo,du1i,o (u'tUizanl~do 0 Teorsma

~c

de p"~a,go,rIGl~).·s '0

arqur ,"Iento (utiHfzan:dol as, if91.a9:oes trtg.onloml~.:r:i..cas: do 'l'lriangl,u'~o Iret:angilulo) dos

,~ It·· nurnsres co.mp'l:e,}(.os b, aearxe:

~,) Z1 ,::;; :+. 3,j 5 '( Z b) '/~~r-=-'7 _. 4JI

~"

~'I':"'';'

') Za
I.

~""I,~

4"
_

'.

(.-

+. -J'
4·.'
.

,"I.

Id)".
( ;':

,'~'7_<-

=,
-

6 ~3JIiI
. .
"

~~~,,_~~~~~~--=-----~'

c'~·:E>F·'',C"T'S, -"Co''''
'"

;. L',;[~"--''~.'. . . - -_ .~~~~-~~~-~~~~,

~'I(~:,. ~.~~ "_.

,il' ,A~M'm":,.a::i\tff'!i'O , I,~ ~J.I~a

._'

-,

..

""-,

11

'

' 'r"m'" 5 8·":',',F::-'o' as d'!e'~"Re' '·pl·e····s'··e-··n·I'r~'r0"-'5-i INk"u'~:m'--Dr"'Ae ~'o"'mp'-"I-e'¥'o-'s ~'.I'>.':,' :' y ,"W~I'<'~~: _.-. "'" ':;A;:'-:::',
1I1.':!1 .. : ...

'I~~ :,~",'

' __ ~

J':Q"

.:

'·','1'

C"

..-..

.. U.101

IO.II.F-

.'

z
;;;.; ••• _., ...... _,_ .... _~ •• _. _._ ••• ~ ••• "_" "'., . ,"

_.

..-.

.b
:'U

,-:"

':,,:iiQ'Iii! '.

5' la

l' .'IF·:ftr~'m·· ,: R:·-:e·····t'"a':~'__A(u'la'L" a~ n !,.J .'.'.' ," .. ." ,

ii,

I .,~...

,:tII~.,

'

,,1',,', ·o·_'n .', .':l(,'!f9''" b-'" ·r"·c·· 9 I ui A",' .' ~ilf·_r,'_.', 1,_'ulI

s· + Z-· ':-:~.;,;'_,1
'Ib' ,

'.,

',::';o!.'m:a~[eYI:,arnl:g',u;:a:. F' .-.r",,".-..- j'R;'.'. '-I' fr'

I' , . , ".

' 8: 2'~ W,III _ .5_.'II! '::'~~':I!(,... ;' . :),n"rm·

I .."" 'I'"
,-'.1 I,

F~

I,

'18" T":"trlgo·.,..,-no,''- .''m'l"a!'1'rlr'i'~1 -. , "": " .. ,-" '" ' ,~~,

•... .

~: _'

.'

__ _:'

.c,

•_,c

"

','

,C_'·,

1~,~IUI~i

Si.abstlm·o:s QiiU·9· (J e,·. ,01 la-rg.urn'e,nto; 'd'~O'

1PO::J~~:m'Q~, .u,l:Z8:r ,qjU':BI:

Murmeta 'eo~mpha~X,(l'I~'Z\"lerlt~,o

d'''·

,rJ"'

--

valorss 'd,-,;·,a a SIU,h;!t~;t',il't"'uIn' ',d:"'o:: ,'_ U~'J~_I~,II,~,._J_,~:ii;lI'_"~.IIIV'O,v

IO'::!"~'
I"

I~
~,

:h" U
.

In' ',"

a f"I'~'r'm""':"'a' jR':.e=·'~ta""n··'nul"a- r:" ebtsrsm'10,' IS' [II~:,

VII" 10"" .• ""

_1",:'

~'_"

.',

:0':1'

n'll,m:'9Jo 'Ooim'plli~l~:O'"Z~11'na forma tirligo:nometri:O'a~ 'i

-.

Matemiitics .
,

'2':,','
I"

Para

represontarmoe

·0"

f1.LJm"ero cornplexo

~Izn na

forma polar,
.......

·utii'Uzamo.s,'0 modulo ( IZ.~i) ,e a ,arg'umElnto 1(rJ)) .de ·Z3 assim:

_i

:;;;:I*~'ie'e-:se,Z

=- module Z cam :angu,lol;

,Z = IzlLtP ~ Forma Po ar
EXlem!pIIQ~R·e;-:-.lrs:.s,e '-tar sG!Qui'ntes:
a:-··),'_--"e't"an'-"g"u 'ar ~:.: ')" A >, '. ':j "
c ."

10 . um,erlo

complexo

Z =·3

-l-

4j~ nas formas

c)'T'ri~Q(,o:n eirica, orn ~

z
J '

......

0'·

],

D', '

n..e

,a) Forma R'etangull'ar ::). Z .~ a·~ b]

m. ~ IL.1 'iv., R· epresen (t·'~,r·a.'~ d--ie',~-' na Iorma
l. ,.,'
1'_'
~~l'~_. '_

'.

..

CAl.:y,r

·".U

'"'m'

_'.

~I

'.dl

ir::Bi-"a-' 11"J;jJ.:,_'

n·gu·ar l
" '-,':..
I

r....

Z,~ 3·,:+

'J~

'b) Forma Polar

=> ,Z-=.IztL,.
:fc~Z~I'

Para repressntarmos 01 nurnero complexo que. Ic~JIc:ul!ar.' 0 ~tI!,6Idu!IO'"e.0. ,Qlrg'U1menrt,(], Id~eZ, ~

,~'llc-·_;U-II,O.·. .. OaI··t··III.· dom od'lUI .
_t~_: ..
·l'~' _'_ . __

na form's pol',a~,tsmos

l:_.~ ...

"O:'·~deZ:
_
._1 I, .~

<I'Z'.J "' -""1-:' -:'

~1

-"""""'.'

J·'·a' 2. + b2' "

'.' • ~ '. 1-~

11'll

= '~32 + 42
;iIl!I'

IZ~ J9! +-16 :.

-17'~ ~"-4~: ~·I~.::::' ,r;::;;2

I~~ 5, =-..

................

'.

7'3·'
. .,
.

--"

co..

.. ll:) .... ,:.

. ,'-

iP ;_.... --;" ~.

IZ·'··'I
'," I

,a
.

~"'. I

II

,q

CdS

tP' z: - +:«: .;;;;;;;. :5

J'

do Z,:) nra. f·~,n-m"al-p~ JD·\.···I·~·rl . ,~;~,!r···6l _ ii" 'a a repres ent acao _.~ f~l~,W ,_ ._~. _ .. _,"_"._ En··I'~'r.....~:o··-··_ -",
~.~.~!_ .. ·>"
I __ .• I, ~ __ II __ '_' I __ .'_~_

:Igi,_

~Di,_~~

.!iu

II

IPa\~~ r:e:pres~t,.t.a!rmQ·~~ na torma tri:,g'on~omletri'catsrnos .;ej.u.e.lo·ah;;:~la~r· 0'

··m"o.du.ha.'e~ arg:. un1·:en:lo de Z~ ,0

1

'T'em·O!5, nrtl"mer:o]eomplexo '0:

Z na torma re··ta:ng~u:l,ar(.Z ..~. a .+ ~j)jl para ·qtJe:

translorrna ... pm:El: a forma lo

,d·-'le,·'·Z,~'_'
", _ .,' IlIIJ

~p.Q·I,a.r' ternos

caleular "0, IMod'tdo

e·: d a~g.lUm,entio

-.

IC··~,·a~~:c:tu.rdo rn o~'d·:iu'JI,o· ,d·te~- ,~~ .. ~ . '-... _·:1:·"". ~o· .' lIL··· L

L......

·:·1

. '.

.•

_-

~.'

~--=~~=-~----

",CEF:E:TS~r; .=------------

M--a,·t· '. c.t·1"· errk .,~ca"

:. (.-. '11.. '._~' l~"'-!
_ 1_

'7' . . ~
:."

.. -

".:,

Ic~O.s,,"1~

., -

a ~I"'-I"; z
, :" 1

I - ..."" ~ -~ ~a, ._,og;,Q.;,. f/! ~ an.g~ho ,C'UjCcosseno ·e '-1.

._,..~

'..

If

-~I z ou,
'.
-.,;

s;e·n,dl
. ''f.'

" =- I~"- ;";'IO'g:":~O":'- IdJ,;::, ,an·g·~·11LJ1II' C:·:·'U'J'o.s:e,:ni~O' e"~I- '1_ou, bl~. - .,.'- QI '", b
,

21' . - ",., ,

'C''''

Z·

"

b b ',g,t/! .~:'Q , .,;,.11099- ~ i/J,-= ~ngtdo cu~!a tan:geflite e .~ . a

r

E'xem;'pllor~ trsnslormar 0 In(ims1r'ol

forlma 'P~olar'~

z: == ,8 ,+ 6j~da forma

~eta,'Q!g,ul'ar' ,P§fij

'z:'.".:

,~l

."

.1

'"""";""'"

I~'Z~'"IL"¢
/.:
J

;.~.:.

,.'."

m: '....

II!!!

...·i d-1eZ· .. ',:::ll:CU, ~ ,' U1 C·:-'·a' I110 ':d-om'oll'd-"-I- 0 :':'~') .

..

__ ... I~ .•

'~::.

I'~,~

'z"~- ~ -lao,2 .--- b,J· +

. '. ::=~'.
... -.

..

:-.l

..

"-".11 .,Z. ~

C~! ~)~,-+

~'6':-" d'i.·~!

IZJ='JUjO IZI ~10

cos:·.d. ~ --_.

,-~<" -

.b

,Zl
,'

u 0r

,-

sentA-==

·IZ... . i:
'.

a '.

'8 cos~,; :, l~h = ' 10

C(l~:" (jl8 :--

,tj)

:= 36,;8,,·f;1

---=-------~

............... ,,_---==--~

csrersc .-. '.,---~-~~~-~---.

Ferma rs,t:ao'Q_ollarr,: Z ~ ,8"+ ·6:1'

F,orma j}ola,lr: :.: Z == 110',L~36!B7~ .
."

.,-

-da
'I, ,-"_

~a"':'llc-':u'",~_-'1 II0 \.;;I'. ,,-", ~

o~,lt""If~ Q~.t:~
~

:,~ J L-'7,1

~'~e~,.a.'~' a~ -;P"- :,e.':ttte,~, ~ '__.o'g- ~ifn"c:" ~I' '~~,~:'U: da,-' i It, , >,6i~;0111
Q ~__:_.:'" ~
11'm"

~",,_.,JI

",,!tdJ!!.-.,1 g

~'b;"~1 ~ _ ,l,! ,~

": be _~u '.. ..~: '.~ ,.... S'8"- rnes~ que "'
.1.
£ .~. ,:_-,_,_'-.

I~J

.-...,

E _
"~Iilm'" - ' -1'- 'b-' I.:-_~~.~-;.~ _,) ,~..,. '-~-a'..' ' :1: ,.Jl." .~-"J'·m L_
L!I

sen.~;...O

":tll:
-

I~

h]'g~:: b

- lZI.~ -S;e'n' "

.... '

ass

IPOlj ar
• n '

,,11 __'" , - ,~, _ ,"

--'-- _'" -, psra a f~~ , -~ta-~glu 'I'".a,r., 1,'prfl1~,·ret"

'retalnlg.~I~~t~, tsrnos qU'ie oalculer a parte.real

,,'Q. Ip, L; :',::""':IiI ,_"_"'~.','bt __ "~~l:_,,W_~)_ pO""II',~, na ":0-rrn l_;~, re't'-'~ng'nilar

~'a~( a "p~rte lm:a,g,ln:ari,a~ "f~~b~'~1 e~ 1~~e·Z·,.

I~,
I:_' ..

0 .," .. : ",i~,._!:_":,~~,

--n' 'erQ cernplexo -~ re __.':',I,~-'~i)'~:~'_'~·~;~U~~'per: 'u"'-:-m- ~--Ju:_:~,I_~."~."A_=" _> -p"f":'e- -'se'nt'~'~n >:I·~

=~--~-~------,

,G~EFJE'1~SG - ,-----------~=-

) _a,lcu. .'a p"ar C·,.···I 0 da oar e re:a.,,,

. I'
I.. .' .
!•• ' •• '_ ,"

lliili

a ;~~IZ. ~)OS¢! [,.,

as : ;7"·0 a == 1"0'-;'"GO,S .~.~: '8,;""" a-.~110'·' 10" ·B·~··

I:
'_ ~ •. ~':!IIl ....

I:

a
:.:

••.

'B""

Ca~c,u.0 da parte hftfag,r.narta:

b == II,Z'II son

r;
-.

b ~. 1O,~Sen sa",~'B,7°

b ~ 10'R DiS
./1'

Forma po'I'':-r'~,~...· · alma .-,,,',.' Z· .. 8 _,:=

'1.:'0"1 L::'-' 3';"6'· 1D7°' :::'.: ,",9'--

Forma

re_ll,gu_I;2lr,: z·~~ + .~,j s,

'a) .Z1 =: 8,·+ 4]

b) ,Z~·-'·'7'~ 5j
e) ~.
'd' )....
.
,'.

= r~6·. '8~ +
~
~ _ b.,
".'

Lt. ~ ... .... 3"", :,.: ..

'.'

...

_, S·:~: "j~ ..
'-

.'

I~ } Z'1::' ..
• _~I

..
~,

_,<I· ......... il '9"''. ··' 4'

[:". L .~~

f), ·Z;s· ~' '-4 ,+7j

2 ~ U~,iiliza,nd~o, as equaeoes para ,ca~c.'ulo·.do m:oQ,u·!.ol'~ d.o. arg~!f.!lent,IQI de ,Z,: . f~9a a ;tra:nrsf:~rm·a~Jjo· da forma Polar :pa.:ra,forma :R:,e!t;an,g~.u:taf_ dos e"~· .... n 'u'~-'m"": !:r-"0" .: ~s~··C··O"·· me Ie' • x::':·:0-::, ·S":- 's'" ·e-,":'g'. U,- int s
~ _...c:.: ,. ,_ ". " .. _" _" _., .. , .. ," , ..
I ".1

I ''9' -'

_: 'Ii ..

a)' Z,,; ;~-=_ ,

: •.. '

O·". <

L< U_.I g €!O:···.:.

e:) Zs,: '= :12 L' ~15'O'~:

f)~'Z-··'·
I -,': . t::: _ .. 9'··:·1 '. .' ._ " .,;:.U~ ... .....------.' ' 1_:'.,:,

L'

4:'

5'0

oalculadora e!I·,e~trro.nic>~~: f,~I~·a. t_r;aru;,fo:rm'a9:ao 'dt~!I, Iorma a R.eta~n··gJ.,ullar' forma polar oos Ifl(Un.. para Sr,O$·,co:mlp:l~e"Xla.s~~s,eglJ,~'ntels: a:j Z1 =' '1:O' ,+, .1 OJ [0) 22 _, 112,_, '16]
"S _, U!ti.rz,~nt19,8

Ie) Z~~ ~6- BJ

'd) ,Z4 ~ ... l51· +,-,2'Q,j
la.) ,Zs _; ',40 ,_ 3'iQJ

7. U,,' '~~ ":'-)'",':7 C i£_''!''ii

.. ~:.. ' ~~.-

b)

r:lC ::=,"G.u ""

L' "'tjl:=;,,::",,',,'';;_ ~"'6:'" '8""]'£)'

., _.
__ '.

~'

l'

'._-;

,5,' L:'-'
j•

'1I'/ 2"-"':6-"":;" B":'"'7~CDI ",":",,""'

JI'··'~I·'·}'

Z' "~ "~ L<> 'f;r~ _ d·~).'· .:1':J°O ..~ -', \Ui' -£.] .'~.
.
I'. ..

-lE1i

'A

""""",'
"'='

,4,,:

:i'll

I'

",

. .,' Q,} Z c
_. .~' • . _ ,~.

-,,==,
=r=IJ

'

·S"'_· L"
Ie:
, _. ~ ~

... ,;1,
..

'6-:-:"0,,6' ,--,
_~ • _ ••

~'Q'" ~ ~'-u~·~;'"'i'd" A III['_ ~t~ '!:It:;'n! ~i ~ i!:l!'U'UC;; 'ur, .

i'":!i'
1~"'111U!

U~',IE""

''1\

l'~I~,.

e:,~

lUg,~,'t"

...,g: EiI

~J!;-a' 'S:"i~ir!'a'''''$''il -, "~*"" u

.-.

=~--=~~-----~

~C:::FE' ,"j'V C'co..: ·I_;7S','~~ .. ----======~'_", =

Z1 T '~:2'-;~ (a + b!]) +, fp +·'dlj, J Z:1 +. Z2_'-:~ ,(,a t· c) +, (b + d)J

l

Z"i"+
.I! "

z~:~\C

=\,'

("7~" ~ ,- ! II! 5J"

)-1 .'. '.

.+. (~12'+
.,1' -,

1'.1,

:3-:J"i)-'1

.Z-r+ -L'ri =:: (1' +·2· ) +. (-5 ,Z1+, .Z2~:- :9 + 8J

I

T'

a)j

E;x.eln1,p!IOI D 9rtetrmi-in,a,lr 18 soma dos uimsrcs complexes: 2:::

Z t +. Z,2'.; Z:, ,+ ,L2'

Z 1. - -"I,

,(11, ·4'-

'11 +. (~.5 + 7jJ 9j)

-

= 1(1i~4--- 5),·+ '·(~19 + '7)jj

........ .::--

_+1"

'z1-

:2

-9-' '::-:,---:~ '1I 2'-~i:J

1- -

5,12,;:2. ,S.u1b:trag,a'Q, dis "'lllj1er~ls. Col:mp'lle~Qs I

l
,

:'nilj:m:e!r-;o complexo Z.,.- ~2iJ:,d~ve;Il1'qs ,subt!rair, separademente, as partes reais

imag~'nl,a:r':ias,d~e~ e Z-1

Dados

O:S

n.u,m~r-IO$ OQrnllP~lexos Z,~== ,~:+' lej

'9'-Z:2 ~,

c +'Idj'~,para sa obtero
[9
"

Z2~

Zt ,_4
l -

:=

(a +. b1i) ~, -( C -4- :dj)

Z:1 'Zz == ('

a -' c " + ( b' -- d.)_j

--

-------~~--~

~C;-C'T°G;". C ~rr;;-I.' o. -~~~---~=--~~

--

1Z1 -i!;2 -: (.7+ 5j) ~ (2 +.'3j) Z11 .__ Z2 ~ (7·_...2) '.+ (5 ._,31)j Z:1 _7~~ .5 + 2J=. .
• 11

'.

Ex&:rnplo2: Determinar a -diferenya entre OSI1IJmeirOS complexes;

l' 2'" .' , ..\~ Z;1i, .~ 15 - 'l ,:'J

.IZ~,Zii -

,9··Z' =:: :'2

',/

7'" .+. 6' " i.~.J

'~e':~(15 ~
1

l',2j) _. (~7+ 16,j)

,Zi, _, Z2 ,: (15 +·7) +. ;(-1_2 -- 6)j

~2

= 2,2 ,_ 1:8j'..

Na

,mu~tiiIPU:c;a9.~iO·,

,uit.nlz;ami ... se,

pllretete!i;1cia.l~e'.nrte),

0;8.

mirneros
=

complexes na form·· polar. Assim, dados os nurneres compexoszy.

I~IL~

e
",L .. ,[

b2 = Z",]L'¢i'
t,

para obt~r~se0 produto

,l __ ",I ~I ... ~~

Z1 x Z2 >. nlultiplliGam~se os rnodulose

·s,~·o·-···'ml'I.:....:_~ __,··..s·:·e··:. 1 O'''~S'~a'>,;:~,.:_-rg'um' ,e~,'ln' ~'O-;'~' ·a:~.~"s··"·~·I·I·m·:-I·"1Ii ·'a··lm·· •• __ ,'-. '. _" 'r'
I.~.
~I.'"

1".1

---.

Ex' "'e'-:\m' I~'__ 'D~ -rm-':"'I"Rlar' np lo: ,e·,--·t~·'e~~;

~ -e- - ..... r, ....

!l

..

"~'.

'''',

'1

~·I·:·_ .

0 '_'': ro"-:'_'.. ,: ...:.~ d S:":n; ·d-.l·u0···· -IO , ..:.., p

t'
I

.-1.:

...•

"

1.-:-..: •.

r~'-

urn ere
[~l

'o_

,c

t~~

t"'o'-··mp·[I,s·····'x'··'O':·lS'>
... ,_,,,j!
... ~

.',,1

.'.'_)

Z - .' .'---:' 4·· _, · .1 -,_ 5"'.' L' .... ·5'0'1

"-,,·f.

... ~'._ e ·Z~·· - 4':'~ L····7" 5: Dl '--:2-=":__

.41 ~X.,Z~2._ !5_L ~45~o 4 L.'7·S·o "X

.Z·1. x 22 = 5 X 4,L' (-. 11,e ·+7,5°1 .4

3 Z.. . z'.. 2' "' .: .. 0.:.0 . .'·~·1X···.2 :::;;..-:-:-.1O~'L··.... : &-:-<

I~I

'CEFETSC ----------~----------~ ~--~------~~------~

1:-1 ~.·_11tc- . N~-'' ' - ,-. c . -:. -"" -' .. ~~I. -._.V·IS_SOi_ ,.Ie'._:,umeros C' omn I':t'"'1exos......
Q'
-II! ........ .

- ',.... ~Z.' [L" .""'1 ".....,. ·1''0

f11 "",!"'2 .; I ,..:.. 11'7

7c

'1'

L/" 'i/!2"'.~ .'_.','.~ ,

""

:E:x:sm'alo;
-,fe' ,r.4~'l71:·Ic;;.-a"':":'a·' d_' . ..' ,as u JI [,' r 0 DS""lerm"'''''-';;n':'''a' :'''.' uo c···is'n'l'C..::" d-'a''U'!I\I" i ~,;;::' _ '~;~n-'t"re':~"-:.,;-. 'n:--"'::"m"'" ere
,:_ .:" .'_.. i
1 ,'"

q'

::

,''',

F'_

'-:f.

i,l

,-,I,~~

.. _' ~~-_,~I

:'8'-'1-

eornetexos II~il"-_
.1

R")

~I

Z ',_, 2""0. ' 1:= >-.,':

'L'~ 7-~'5-',O! ...,

I ,..

'9···..

':,...::.--

Z"1: -- '-..... '-~:> -'O--o ,," ~.2"'_' 4,', L"" 3·~-·'

',E'.,
_."II
I.~

'a

'E' "-p ieest"a·s ',' -·XerCICI'Q'S·ro·pas, ,

"t.~.,.o;i, .. _.

...

J.,

,_

..

_..

..

"

_ . __

_,

..

'1.. Determinar a :S·rO.fllB, O'll d"~,fe'!r'e'ln,9'a inld~ic,ad,a~I' ltens aiJ1alx:o': ' nos

(7 + 51.)'·+ (8:--20j j' Ib, ('1, g. --13j) - ( 111 .~ 31) c) (~2:5- 'lSj) - (-,5 -' "7]) + d) (~91~ 1'2j) ,+ (54-* -42j')
a)
_
"

--

'"

e) {4 ,~
f)

'~Jl---',(~1" 6 + -':2.1), (~[P+ .. 'f " ~3 ,_ ,:3'9j) ai,) 4:

.-;.....__

~~___".........---==

·~.I-:;.

C'EF;ETS'C

.~' ,s ,.,

____

.I.,:

', 8-'1"'
"

',_"

,? ~',Dete.r.tnhl~r"a pr,ed~tQIDIU 0 'qu~~~u:;'i[~)p-<t'!3! ~ndl[Cla,d,o,~nos ':iteli,s: ·;cl:b,~ixCf::

;Ig.)~ 20 0' L 3:0:0. : 40 ,L- '-::B~O~
1

h) 4\5,L'-8~OI,:'J(, 8 L'~;2,5g(
,i)
"1-

as L ,_,g,'QI?', x (:3 + 4:jj ,)

f
1

.1) (4 0 _, aQj' ) ,=, (1:2 _·1,6j),

,k,
" II 11,\,

('.5,0 ,+, _15:0j '.)I

""J

1r10 L ,,45Q
7'·'C,~:
I~J," ~ ~ -

t 5' . \,~iii ~ - L IE::J~ '\ v ,i'\],l' _

~;=

~,l.. " ~,~ ~ L>'" .~

I _"_.'., : _ ,-_"~,

-..,

:~, ~ D-'a"'d"':IO""S-,-,, In"'-iu':-'m' ~,~_ " _ '~'S'-' v'

"Z-:-[111.._:

""e'::'Ir"l'\~, V:O:
. .

~'.' ,m'-' "Jv_,' ~'o-:-'~'Ii' ~w ' -p'-II~!X~:'

_I , ,0; ..
,.... ,
":'

'." ,', "II 1

......",. _

5'." ''I ._"_,

L'·::
.....,.:'
r. __ ~ .'

..

6':'
of"

'O~',O'
,-"
__

1[:.',.

'~"

1 ....

6'1,,',-

+ 8-" ,:"1,:1
i" ":')'

- '~4iO~' '/ 4:-"5' L'

._ . I,
_ -.

,. , __
.~ ~

_,'.

I"""_

..

~.ml

"Z5 ~' ,-:5, ~ 1OJ

,L-iB -

7_~ ~ 1:"0'
1_,""

L,··':· ___;-

!!iii·-?O~·,g,
(J.~,

~:_

O~jlt;,u:lalr' ,as;-'9;qlu~al~o!~sl 'apaJx:o Ie,,,).(:p·rlm'ir'0 r~$u:ill~;ach;l',F1a' forma Polar:

ajZ1 ::<,24, : Zs--'

b) {Z2';+ Za .) )(Z,,.
~

C~(_'If" S:' so :

I.'~~; ia-: -sos :

lSk

YO: ItJL(P()<fli~',~()t.'

tz:

-io:

.,_

_______

~=~

__

ICEfiE-TS·r:; ' .... '_"'=_==~~====~~

'I ,',

_i

','

I. E ·t'"" . ,- /,~/l' __ i 'ltl! 8, .ema,dCS

~IT{EMi l''o-.~3-'_'::,~ "7 _ ,.:., I·',' -I , (' _"

3

rT'EM','..". II -,
I

~ oilI

ii~'

'5' '3::,
iI" - I
,

a
:1
,

.... I .. 9·""·

'37.1120 15711' 20
... :. .....:;' .: ,. l' .' 6-..-:3-'-"'1' 2" 0:-:I
"":. ,[ .- .,[. -:_1

'8
'.

.1

b
..... _: ..:.

51,1"103' 0-1, 0'-' '~l

III. .
~"

a.

'

.';

b d
I

15

c
d
II
.

:C:
'"

e
,.

a 5""5
.

':5/4

:l':·. :'~'.

d ,e',.
"

·4.1; '10'3
!iiI ......

e
.,'
-',

f.

so
~I .•

f" 'g

f Ig

," \.'

4- '2'·' 2: "10"-15'
~ '-~ .~ .. r ~ , .

.'

h
:3
-

h
j!
,.

f ...... 0.g:- 2·0'M·1i' 5;k xm Ih [

. "[' I[ ._. ._.
,• .• !

__ .

Ii ..

'k
_:L,

'7, .. ~5-"
.'

O· 2S-c,
' ' :..

,.'

'.'

,.~.'__-":

'I

m n o -P
""

'

"'1,,:_'. 1.;: ..- : [Q12 B·,:~,'1 '_

s O 2'·:: 1"10:,(,"22
I
• ,:~ " . IL ,.

B'..::Ji
t]I

Gaprtu 1,0

11.11

al
c
--_

a,
,...210,'
I., "

ll_, u,,=, 4'1 "5,:Q' '_

_ " : L '.,

'.-'

3'6""'.

C"~ ,e.,~_ 4:-"~o.,: i!!' u- -, ~U

I

e~'4S:~:2Q:;'~~4,~l~BP;' O=~~,9'
'

,-!,'

8~="-'5:'
,"='-'.

:11

:0"'"",,=, (7",','0"·'-7:'
,,~_", ,:~,~"

C~'-:'-, 1" 5\'

,,-

-"!l,.'~_:-'"'='

J6:~,:<Il

IO:~:-,'1 0-, 0,",7',"" '--"If, "

1

-'

_J

15,2, .-

I-'T--'E-'-'M" :'1
I'

IiMiJ

'3'-:"
-,', I ~.,

_.

_I

,_1 '_

.; " Iii " .

'5 2'c:,
....

'il~.

ICapftu'llo' 'I!V\
.-"'"c

..'-

.0)'.',
"_-"'II .

-J!;'

b)

'v':,~
··IJJ.j;

,Po
~.I,

~):I

VA

,-,

'.........

'

......... 'VB'
..

d)

;Vn~
"

,~

V,R

~.'

V'A
L' 'I

IQi,,""
~~I:

............. :
J1Clh

I,

"

V,~

''

-----

.....

_ ..........

~-

--

Matem'stica
-

'8'4 ..

b)
f-' ,"
.~'~~

V,]
i
~

.""_" ......
~ Iiiioo

-,'

v -'3!
.._...,

,
D .A

.:=J 3 '9~';,111 m)' 1 "Q ..

l ..• ', \~I!lJrl .

"

I~

'j

;,

Y-'R'
.

-: ....

=?9'~:',9'_.,'.'...'~'(':n;'NmI)" 7 ' ._ ·~'''i

!~ .. '

Ai

ill

-'3"~:·'18<'1
. ,~

._~

....

4!,·
",J

a b
, c1

f
18

'110"'":

jI'

2::"B:~(
,I,

'1' '_";" , 5"

'~I

18"_':'9··: . ":;,
15',-·

"~·r··':'

3;'

.'V'" ','x

1'"

._Or. N' _.

--

-.

--

------==~~=---~~---------

'ICJEFEf;SO ---~----------==~--~====~

'fa'~'

O~I

" ,,"t, .,. C.,a1pl IU. 10 V~; '

- '_' 1'1 \
I

-II

'

"

'

~'t- '5 .....',,~1 ~<,~,:m,',' 5 _ F'_'

~~l

Y
,
".',----,-----'II ,I]

,
,

.
,
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..,'0-: •.--_.---,

,.•-,.,-,"<,----'

~~

':

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,
.'

.-.

" ,', ".

'f:

~
:E

,1"4·

:III ;.;;;'" ........ ~.

_ld.l,a;;;;;;;~~_~Ol~,;.;;;.._I;

..

-= __

~I"..~

.... ~ __

... :

:.".--~_...:

;,_-:;;;;:;;.~~~~~.;;-;;;-:-~-;;;

.. - .. ---~-

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.;-;,""":._n:.'~:_uO'=::~."_~ ....~:;

~_..:._;;

i,;"

.-":,' •• _,,.....

I'T!E~'IM"
' _

-., '1- '"

"I

.ill; ;;J.

~l

'7,',,-'1' ,1
l' ~

m Ii __

'T'E"
,I

'"',,

1M'.' _.

5-;- '1" 'il l' .

,I _ ,~ ... _

b
Z"II . , ;i"'"
~jl ~_"' ~

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A;4.,

'7

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C7-";l~ == .ta /J ,~, I' ,tlL .0· '. ' '~

C _~[~Jll

~,_~, '1~' U

Z"· ~

,j;

'~'11~/ [ ~

~:~:j!!_JILL

I' ,i ~ia
ru~~1!'IU(

d','_','.'~

'.~t·_

Z'

,J::'_

0- JJ. ,,;)1 :1i ~

dl

)~:

IT,E.:MI 5 ..'1.1 -4·

I'~

II
1I1.~.l" .
.1/

i,

"1' :~~ JI~I J-"~!I;t'

o .1~c~1 "

;~, 5.'~
'.

'-'I~""

....

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...

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,

'0: "}' "Ov-::t':-'O'"'

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C
I,

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1,[;

I
I

, d
!

, i"].~:! '_ {P" .~,~,L ~,

_'.. ~ -. I . '., _

~'!

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'1' .~,

e· .'
-.

Z --=' . '. ..,- ,so -~ '8'"

I --\

J~,~J~,~J...,. l' '" '~'5

I

e·
'f'

r-

'f~ ,

"I' AI'

,I '1:_., /' • 5f.'

. ~0~

,tIi~,.'9It~~L;_,~tJ~

·CEFgSC' ----------------~~====-- . .~--------------~~------~

Mat' e"~ 6+,10'--8'~.''] .~.,". _'~Jlllr~~I~;'"

Ii'

87

'8-l_~

_~

'~F- -'E-'- RI-~E-~"INI-' C-'-~:~A--,--"S':--~: 8-','-"18' til

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10"
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'_,G-,"
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R::",:t;F-"~IC'__'A:-,--S- :'," I;.-_

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. JIA" :":-,~"': UIB"'- 0--.-, :_.~-o).s~":_'->NU , c,----:':-,,', - ~ J'" --A, J"a-'I....:'

S"':-'

b,- lc: LE-'LLIS'__"~-':~IM-' ,--,''C-'e"-I'·r-;~. _:OIVl::!i --' -' ,,-~,a~' ,o-\5(,~, ad ~':, :"',, fl:-- 'p'·c~-lon ~,~ 11 '1 S,-·'-_-,~, iaLJ,,~,o,." L:I,,~, al ~9-' II ~o' 0',----:
,II -' "- ! -_ :I '_ " -;

MI.- a e',ma)C:B, ..' -:t:':"~--t·,-

~l'~

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,- _le'_,J::"a.-, c" ~r,a" 2',a ,--d, ld .': -- -~t'-'

~-l

,~,=

,-

8-':'[0,;-NJrO--~ 'RIN'Q,'-,
,-:'

A~'e!nha--,'-~ ,B,O' "- NJ,-O-- R,": -Q'-:, J':o-:s:-"e-"7: -- 'lI <J ,_"" e' - tat t P V- 'alter Fala n d':0:;',' d-:-' ·:-'Im- ern,a~~lca ,S.=~Ja::'"'o,:-·:- 'a'-~ U- .-1-0'" ... I'B'-,'E'P"
R'"l'oG g' '_'Iin-, a-- : 1' _
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f'1tL.;_-- _, , "

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iii

IIO' 'V-A: N-- -, - - J! ;., _ - uY;""'<':::-:'~'TRU'~ ,-:-:',~ S-~..ens d'iIi- , C'-- '-'A' S:" -- -, c'"C"' ,~ -:~J(IO; G JI~- ."-.,' -,-I,!NI_,,_"OS,B, 1
', •• ~ ::]_ -"_ •• _,.1 _' '_ :." •• _ .... ,_ •• _'

I,.,'

cenqulsta da rnatematlea lEd, Rn!nov~dJa Sao Pa lo: FT~D- 9'92

'l~l _ .• '
'~~'l •• " ~'''' .. '. ", ,'~ • ,~: •••

G':"O' _.- z- '- .'-, .Jr. JI'OS'a,I~--VA,NIN~ -".i!-

RuV, A,
---' • --

!"."

IU:'

!lir

_:_'

.:,

L',,'7'

i.

LIEM-O'-'--:"'S'
. _, _ ,,"'-'1'1,:

A·r-'·'-'~'-·· A'-'-d--'d' '~J: IH'I;G-:-U~H- II F'·d"~-f'~··"';' III' IIS,IO '. ,n ra~ 1-' e II CO ..' ":';'~,f~--'_., :-':'7 - -:"· ' M- ' atern ~Ic,a! ,,:: pauio, 1Z::'d~"t"~'--", 'M" 0.: ,.ern a,~,'-::'9':_':'--'6. ,ao~ --""1:·:-,' c",:,I1 "Ollra',' oo-; .;
::,-':
<
'II

I~

~.

/'

~ ,IV:

'~ii'

"

F --=-'I~D,--'M:'I:A"N_--',-- ,. " ~ 1':._:'_' _M,,'

'S:-;-~_''''''''I-:-' ',:-, ..

-----~-,C,IEF;ETS,C
.,

~~~

...............

~~--------~---