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Vmware Server User'S Guide
Vmware Server User'S Guide
You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at: http://www.vmware.com/support/ The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: docfeedback@vmware.com
2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Protected by one or more U.S. Patent Nos. 6,397,242, 6,496,847, 6,704,925, 6,711,672, 6,725,289, 6,735,601, 6,785,886, 6,789,156, 6,795,966, 6,880,022, 6,944,699, 6,961,806, 6,961,941, 7,069,413, 7,082,598, 7,089,377, 7,111,086, 7,111,145, 7,117,481, 7,149,843, 7,155,558, 7,222,221, 7,260,815, 7,260,820, 7,269,683, 7,275,136, 7,277,998, 7,277,999, 7,278,030, 7,281,102, 7,290,253, 7,356,679, 7,409,487, 7,412,492, 7,412,702, and 7,424,710; patents pending. VMware, the VMware boxes logo and design, Virtual SMP, and VMotion are registered trademarks or trademarks of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Contents
AboutThisBook
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1 IntroductionandSystemRequirements 19
VMwareServerProductBenefits 19 NewFeaturesofVMwareServer2.0 20 WebBasedInterface 20 VMwareRemoteConsole 21 IncreasedMemorySupport 21 IncreaseinNumberofNetworkAdaptersSupported 21 QuiescedBackupsofVirtualMachinesonWindows 21 SupportforHighSpeedUSB2.0Devices 21 AdditionalHostOperatingSystemSupport 22 AdditionalGuestOperatingSystemSupport 22 Improved64BitGuestSupport 22 64BitSoundDriver 22 Native64BitHostSupportonLinux 22 UpdatedVIXAPI 23 VMCISocketsInterface 23 AbouttheHostandGuestComputers 23 HostSystemRequirements 23 PCHardware 23 Memory 24 DiskDrives 24 LocalAreaNetworking 25
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WindowsHostOperatingSystems 25 LinuxHostOperatingSystemRequirements 26 VIWebAccessandVMwareRemoteConsoleClientSystemRequirements 27 VirtualMachineSpecifications 28 Processor 28 ChipSet 28 BIOS 28 Memory 29 Graphics 29 IDEDrives 29 SCSIDevices 29 PCISlots 29 FloppyDrives 30 Serial(COM)Ports 30 Parallel(LPT)Ports 30 USBPorts 30 Keyboard 30 MouseandDrawingTablets 30 EthernetCard 30 VirtualNetworking 31 Sound 31 SupportedGuestOperatingSystems 31 ProcessorSupportfor64BitGuestOperatingSystems 33
2 InstallingVMwareServer 35
InstallationPrerequisites 35 PreparingtoInstallVMwareServer 36 SharingaVMwareServerHostwithOtherVMwareProducts 36 InstallingVMwareServeronaWindowsHost 37 InstallingVMwareServerSilently 39 UninstallingVMwareServeronaWindowsHost 41 InstallingVMwareServeronaLinuxHost 41 ConfiguringVMwareServeronaLinuxHostUsingvmwareconfig.pl 42 UninstallingVMwareServeronaLinuxHost 43 UninstallingatarInstallationofVMwareServer 43 UninstallinganRPMInstallationofVMwareServer 44 UpgradingfromVMwareServer1 44 WheretoGoNext 45
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Contents
3 LearningVMwareServerBasics:UsingVIWebAccess 47
OverviewofVIWebAccess 48 UsingtheVMwareServerHostWorkspace 49 UsingtheVirtualMachineWorkspace 50 ViewingVirtualMachineSummaryInformation 51 InstallingtheVMwareRemoteConsoleAddOn 52 StartingVMwareRemoteConsolefromtheConsoleTab 53 UsingVIWebAccessMenuOptions 54 ApplicationMenu 54 VirtualMachineMenu 55 AdministrationMenu 56 ViewingVMwareServerandVirtualMachineTasks 56 ViewingVMwareServerandVirtualMachineEvents 57 LoggingOut 57
4 CreatingandUpgradingVirtualMachines 59
BeforeYouCreateaVirtualMachine 59 VirtualMachineLocation 59 GuestOperatingSystem 60 ProductCompatibility(VirtualMachineHardwareVersion) AmountofMemory 61 NumberofProcessors 62 HardDiskTypeandProperties 62 NetworkConnectionType 64 UsingtheNewVirtualMachineWizard 65 InstallingtheGuestOperatingSystem 68 UpdatingtheGuestOperatingSystem 71 UpgradingtheVirtualMachineVersion 72
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5 InstallingandUsingVMwareTools 73
ComponentsofVMwareTools 73 VMwareToolsService 74 VMwareDeviceDrivers 74 VMwareUserProcess 75 VMwareToolsControlPanel 75 ManuallyInstallingVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuestSystem 76 ConfiguringtheVideoDriveronOlderVersionsofWindows 77 InstallingVMwareToolsinaLinuxGuestSystem 80 InstallingVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuestSystem 84 InstallingVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuestSystem 86
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InstallingVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuestSystem 88 StartingtheVMwareUserProcessManuallyIfYouDoNotUseaSession ManageronUNIX 89 UpdatingVMwareTools 90 UninstallingVMwareTools 91 RepairingorChangingVMwareTools 91 UsingtheVMwareToolsControlPanel 91 UsingtheWindowsControlPaneltoDisplaytheTaskbarIcon 92 OptionsTab 93 DevicesTab 94 ScriptsTab 94 SharedFoldersTab 95 ShrinkTab 95 AboutTab 95 ConfiguringVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuest 96 CustomizingVMwareTools 97 HowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPowerStates 97 ExecutingCommandsAfterYouPowerOfforResetaVirtualMachine 101 PassingaStringfromtheHosttotheGuestatStartup 101 PassingInformationBetweentheGuestandAnotherProgram 104 UsingtheVMwareToolsCommandLineInterface 104
6 ManagingVMwareServer 107
AddingaVirtualMachinetotheInventory 108 RemovingaVirtualMachinefromtheInventory 108 PerformingPowerOperationsonVirtualMachines 109 ManagingDatastores 110 AddingDatastores 110 RenamingDatastores 111 RemovingDatastores 112 RefreshingDatastores 112 EditingHostWideMemoryandSnapshotSettings 113 ConfiguringHostMemory 113 EnablingandDisablingBackgroundSnapshots 115 ConfiguringVirtualMachineStartupandShutdownSettings 115 EnablingSystemWideStartupandShutdownSettings 116 SpecifyingtheStartupandShutdownOrderforVirtualMachines 117 CustomizingtheStartupandShutdownSettingsforIndividualVirtual Machines 117 EnablingQuiescedBackupsofVirtualMachinesonWindows 118
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Contents
7 RunningVirtualMachines 121
RunningVMwareTools 122 ChangingthePowerStateofaVirtualMachine 122 ChangingVirtualMachineSnapshotSettings 126 LockingtheSnapshot 126 SettingSnapshotPowerOffOptions 127 ChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettings 127 DeletingaVirtualMachine 130 UsingVMwareRemoteConsole 130 InteractingwiththeGuestOperatingSystem 131 EnteringandLeavingFullScreenMode 131 ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevices 132 ResettingandPoweringOff 132 ViewingtheMessageLog 133 QuittingVMwareRemoteConsole 133 GeneratingandSharingVirtualMachineShortcuts 133 GeneratingaWebShortcut 133 GeneratingaVMwareRemoteConsoleDesktopShortcut 134 EditingNotesintheVirtualMachineSummaryTab 135 EditingtheHardwareConfigurationofaVirtualMachine 135 AddingHardwaretoaVirtualMachine 137 InstallingNewSoftwareinaVirtualMachine 138
8 ConfiguringVirtualMachineHardware 141
ConfiguringHardDisks 141 HardDiskTypesandProperties 142 AddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachine 144 EditingaVirtualHardDisk 145 RemovingaHardDiskfromaVirtualMachine 146 VirtualDiskMaintenanceTasks 147 ConfiguringCD/DVDDrives 150 CD/DVDDriveTypeandProperties 150 AddingaCD/DVDDrivetoaVirtualMachine 151 EditingaVirtualCD/DVDDrive 152 RemovingaCD/DVDDrivefromaVirtualMachine 153 ConfiguringFloppyDrives 154 AddingaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachine 154 EditingaVirtualFloppyDrive 155 RemovingaFloppyDrivefromaVirtualMachine 156
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ConfiguringPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevices 156 AddingaPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachine 157 EditingaVirtualPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevice 158 RemovingaPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevicefromaVirtualMachine 158 ConfiguringSCSIControllers 159 ConfiguringUSBControllersandDevices 159 AddingaUSBControllertoaVirtualMachine 159 RemovingaUSBControllerfromaVirtualMachine 160 ConnectingUSBDevices 160 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachine 161 DisconnectingUSBDevicesfromaVirtualMachine 164 ConfiguringSound 164 AddingaSoundAdaptertoaVirtualMachine 165 EditingaVirtualSoundAdapter 165 RemovingaSoundAdapterfromaVirtualMachine 166 ConfiguringSerialPorts 166 AddingaSerialPorttoaVirtualMachine 166 EditingaVirtualSerialPort 169 RemovingaSerialPortfromaVirtualMachine 170 SerialPortGeneralUsageExamples 170 SerialPortDebuggingUsageExamples 174 ConfiguringParallelPorts 177 AddingaParallelPorttoaVirtualMachine 177 EditingaVirtualParallelPort 178 RemovingaParallelPortfromaVirtualMachine 179 UsingParallelPorts 179 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaWindowsHost 179 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaLinuxHost 180 NotesforUsingtheIomegaZipDrive 184 KeyboardMappingonLinuxHosts 184
9 PreservingtheStateofaVirtualMachine 193
SuspendingandResumingVirtualMachines 193 ConfiguringHardSuspendorSoftSuspend 194 SuspendingorResumingaVirtualMachine 195 UsingSnapshots 195 WhattoUseSnapshotsFor 195 WhatIsCapturedbyaSnapshot 196 ActivitiesThatConflictwithSnapshots 196 EnablingandDisablingBackgroundSnapshotsforAllVirtualMachines 197 SnapshotsandaVirtualMachinesHardDisks 197
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ExcludingVirtualDisksfromSnapshots 198 TakingaSnapshot 198 RevertingtoaSnapshot 199 RemovingaSnapshot 199 LockingaSnapshot 199
10 ManagingRolesandPermissions 201
AccessElements 201 ManagingUsers 203 ManagingGroups 203 ManagingRoles 203 CreatingRoles 204 EditingandRenamingRoles 205 RemovingRoles 205 ManagingPermissions 206 CreatingPermissions 206 EditingPermissions 207 RemovingPermissions 208 RulesforPermissionPropagation 208
11 ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork 211
NetworkBasics 212 ComponentsoftheVirtualNetwork 213 VirtualNetworkSwitch 213 InternalDHCPServer 214 VirtualNetworkAdapter 214 HostVirtualAdapter 214 CommonNetworkingConfigurations 215 BridgedNetworking 215 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT) 216 HostOnlyNetworking 218 ExampleCustomNetworkingConfiguration 219 ChangingtheNetworkingConfiguration 222 RefreshingtheNetwork 223 AddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachine 223 EditingaVirtualNetworkAdapter 224 RemovingaNetworkAdapterfromaVirtualMachine 225 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingOptionsonaWindowsHost 225 Enabling,Disabling,Adding,andRemovingHostVirtualAdapters 227
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AdvancedNetworkingTopics 230 SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfiguration 230 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetwork 232 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachine 234 ControllingRoutingforaHostOnlyNetworkonaLinuxHost 235 PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonaLinuxHost 236 SettingUpaSecondBridgedNetworkInterfaceonaLinuxHost 237 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingWhenUsingTeamedNetworkInterface Cards 238 SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworks 240 RoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworks 243 UsingVirtualNetworkAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHost 247 UnderstandingNAT 248 UsingNAT 248 TheHostComputerandtheNATNetwork 249 DHCPontheNATNetwork 249 DNSontheNATNetwork 249 ExternalAccessfromtheNATNetwork 250 AdvancedNATConfiguration 251 CustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHost 254 ConsiderationsforUsingNAT 255 UsingNATwithNetLogon 255 SampleLinuxvmnetnat.confFile 257 UsingSambaforFileSharingonaLinuxHost 258 UsingtheVirtualNetworkEditor 267 SummaryTab 267 AutomaticBridgingTab 268 HostVirtualNetworkMappingTab 268 HostVirtualAdaptersTab 269 DHCPTab 269 NATTab 270
12 PerformanceTuningforVMwareServer 273
ConfiguringandMaintainingtheHostSystem 273 DefragmentingHardDisks 274 MaintainingAdequateFreeDiskSpace 274 EnablingDiskWriteCachingonWindowsHosts 274 ConfiguringSwapSpaceonLinuxHosts 274 IncreasingNICInterruptCoalescing 275
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Contents
CalculatingMemoryRequirementstoAllowforVirtualMachine Overhead 275 ConfiguringHostWideVirtualMachineMemoryUsage 275 AllocatingMemorytoaVirtualMachine 277 EditingVirtualMachineMemory 277 UsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing 278 EditingVirtualProcessors 279 ConfiguringandMaintainingGuestOperatingSystems 279 InstallingLinuxGuestOperatingSystemsinTextMode 279 SelectingtheCorrectGuestOperatingSystem 279 InstallingVMwareTools 280 TemporarilyDisablingAccelerationintheGuestOperatingSystem 280 AvoidingRemoteDiskAccess 280 ManagingSnapshotsandVirtualDisks 280 DisablingDebuggingMode 281 DisablingCD/DVDDrivePolling 281 DisablingFadeEffectsinWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer 2003 282 DisablingVisualEffectsinWindows98 282 ConfiguringSwapFileUsageinWindows95andWindows98 282 EnablingHardwareAccelerationinWindowsServer2003 282 ConfiguringDirectMemoryAccess(DMA)DiskSettings 283 UsingDMAinWindowsNTGuestsonMultiprocessorHostSystems 284 MonitoringVirtualMachinePerformanceonWindowsHosts 284
13 ConfiguringClusteringonWindowsHosts 287
OverviewofClusteringwithVMwareServer 287 ClusteringSoftwareRequirements 288 ApplicationsThatCanUseClustering 288 UsingSCSIReservationtoShareVirtualSCSIDisks 288 SCSIReservationPrerequisitesandRestrictions 289 EnablingSCSIReservation 289 CreatingaClusterinaBox 291 ConfiguringVirtualMachinesforClusterinaBox 292 CreatingaTwoNodeClusterwithMicrosoftClusteringServices 293
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A DefinedPrivileges 299
Alarms 300 Datacenter 301 Datastore 301 Extensions 302 Folders 303 Global 303 HostCIM 305 HostConfiguration 306 HostInventory 308 HostLocalOperations 309 Network 310 Performance 310 Permissions 311 Resource 311 ScheduledTask 313 Sessions 313 Tasks 314 VirtualMachineConfiguration 314 VirtualMachineInteraction 317 VirtualMachineInventory 319 VirtualMachineProvisioning 319 VirtualMachineState 321
B FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachine 323
FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachine 323
Glossary
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Index 335
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TheVMwareServerUsersGuideprovidesinformationaboutinstallingandusing VMwareServer2.
Revision History
Thismanualisrevisedwitheachreleaseoftheproductorwhennecessary.Arevised versioncancontainminorormajorchanges.Table 1summarizesthesignificant changesineachversionofthismanual. Table 1. Revision History
Revision 20080828 Description FirstversionoftheVMwareServer2.0documentation.
Toviewthemostcurrentversionofthemanual,seetheVMwareWebsite: http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/server_pubs.html
Intended Audience
Thisbookisintendedforanyonewhoneedstoinstall,upgrade,configure,oruse VMwareServer.VMwareServeruserstypicallyworkinsmallandmediumsized businesses,doingsoftwaredevelopmentandtestingorworkingwithmultiple operatingsystemsorcomputingenvironments.Usersincludesoftwaredevelopers,QA engineers,trainers,salespeoplewhorundemos,andanyonewhowantstocreate virtualmachines.
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Document Feedback
VMwarewelcomesyoursuggestionsforimprovingourdocumentation.Ifyouhave comments,sendyourfeedbackto: docfeedback@vmware.com
Support Offerings
FindouthowVMwaresupportofferingscanhelpmeetyourbusinessneeds.Goto: http://www.vmware.com/support/services
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Reporting Problems
IfyouhaveproblemswhilerunningVMwareServer,reportthemtotheVMware supportteam.Youmustfirstregisteryourserialnumber.Thenyoucanreportyour problemsbysubmittingasupportrequestto: http://www.vmware.com/requestsupport Logfilesareneededtodiagnoseandreportproblems.Therequiredlogfilesdependon theproblemyouencounter. Youcansimplifytheprocessofcollectingtheinformationbyrunningthesupportscript tocollectthelogfilesandsysteminformation.Followtheprocedurethatappliesto yourhostcomputer. NOTEThesupportscriptrunsonlyontheVMwareServerhost.Ifyouencounter problemsonaremoteclient,youmustcollectthelogfilesmanually. To run the support script on a Linux host 1 2 Openaterminalwindow. Runthesupportscriptastherootuser:
vm-support
Ifyoudonotrunthescriptasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessagesindicatingthatit cannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMwaresupportteam needsthatinformation,asupportrepresentativemightaskyoutorunthescript again,asroot. Thescriptcreatesacompressed.tgzfileinthecurrentdirectory. 3 Includetheoutputfilewithyoursupportrequest. Ifyourvirtualmachinesareinstalledinanonstandardlocation,thescriptmight notpickupalltherequireddata.Makesurethatthe*.log and*.vmxfilesfrom yourvirtualmachinefoldersareincludedwiththefilesyousend.
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Runthesupportscript:
cscript vm-support.vbs
Afterthescriptruns,itdisplaysthenameandlocationofthezippedoutput.
Log Files
ThefollowinglogfilesaregeneratedbyVMwareServerandcollectedbythesupport script.
Forexample:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Server
OnLinuxhostsystems,thefilesarelocatedinthedirectory/var/log/vmware.
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To enable logging for the VMware Authorization Service 1 Inatexteditor,editthefollowingfile: Windowsconfig.ini,locatedinthedirectory <%ALLUSERSPROFILE%>\VMware\VMware Server Forexample:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Server
Linux/etc/vmware/config 2 Addthefollowinglinestotheconfigurationfile:
vmauthd.logEnabled = TRUE log.vmauthdFileName = "vmauthd.log" pref.hardLimitDebug = 2
OnLinuxhosts,logfilesarelocatedinthedirectory/var/log/vmware/WebAccess.
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ThischapterdescribesthekeyproductfeaturesandbenefitsofusingVMwareServer. ItalsodescribesthesystemrequirementsforoperatingVMwareServer.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics: VMwareServerProductBenefitsonpage 19 NewFeaturesofVMwareServer2.0onpage 20 HostSystemRequirementsonpage 23 VIWebAccessandVMwareRemoteConsoleClientSystemRequirementson page 27 VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 28 SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 31
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TwowayVirtual SMP IntelVirtualizationTechnology(IntelVT) AMDVirtualization(AMTV) WithVMwareServer,youcandothefollowing: Provisionanewserverwithoutpurchasingmorehardwarebylocatingmultiple virtualmachinesonthesamehost. RunWindows,Linux,andotheroperatingsystemsandapplicationswithout softwareconflictsbecausevirtualmachinesarecompletelyisolatedfromone anotherandfromthephysicalhost. Movevirtualmachinesfromonephysicalhosttoanotherwithouthavingto reconfigurethem.
Web-Based Interface
UseVMwareInfrastructureWebAccess(VIWebAccess)toperformhostandvirtual machineconfigurationforVMwareServer2.0.Thisintuitivewebbasedinterface providesasimpleandflexibletoolforvirtualmachinemanagement.Using VI Web Access,youcandothefollowing: Create,configure,anddeletevirtualmachines Addandremovevirtualmachinesfromtheinventory Performpoweroperations(start,stop,reset,suspend,andresume)onvirtual machines Monitortheoperationofvirtualmachines GenerateaWebshortcuttocustomizetheVI WebAccessuserinterfaceforusers, withtheoptiontolimittheirviewtotheconsoleorasinglevirtualmachine GenerateaVMwareRemoteConsoledesktopshortcutthatallowsvirtualmachine userstointeractdirectlywiththeguestoperatingsystemoutsideofaWebbrowser ConfigurehostwideVMwareServersettings VI WebAccessandVMwareRemoteConsolereplacetheVMwareManagement InterfaceandVMwareServerConsole.SeeChapter 3,LearningVMwareServer Basics:UsingVIWebAccess,onpage 47.
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PC Hardware
Thenumberofvirtualmachinesyoucanrunconcurrentlydependsontheresources theyrequire.VMwareServersupportsupto16waymultiprocessorservers,witha maximumoffourvirtualmachinesrunningconcurrentlyperprocessor. VMwareServerhostsmustmeetthefollowingrequirements: Standardx86compatibleorx8664compatibleserverwithupto16processors. Hostswith32bitIA32processorsandIA32processorswith64bitextensionsare supported. 733MHzorfasterCPUminimum.
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Compatibleprocessorsinclude: IntelXeon: DualCore,including5000series(Dempsey),5100series(Woodcrest), 3000series(Conroe),7000series(PaxvilleMP),and7100series(Tulsa) QuadCore,including5300series(Clovertown) IntelCore2,includingE6300,E6400,E6600,andE6700(Conroe),Q6600 andQ6700/E(Kentsfield),andE4300(Allendale)Series AMDOpteron1000/2000/8000series(SantaAna,SantaRosa) AMDOpteron100/200/800series(Venus,Troy,Athens,Denmark,Italy,Egypt) AMDAthlon64(Clawhammer,Newcastle,Winchester,Venice,SanDiego, Orleans,Lima) AMDAthlon64X2/X2(Manchester,Toledo,Windsor,Brisbane)
Memory
Youmusthaveaminimumof512MBofmemory(2GBisrecommended).Thetotal amountofmemoryyoucanassigntoallvirtualmachinesrunningonasinglehostis limitedonlybytheamountofmemoryonthehostcomputer. Youmusthaveenoughmemorytorunthehostoperatingsystem,plusthememory requiredforeachguestoperatingsystemandforapplicationsonthehostandguest systems.SeeVirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 28andyourguestoperating systemandapplicationdocumentationforadditionalmemoryrequirements.The maximumamountofmemorypervirtualmachineis8GB.
Disk Drives
Guestoperatingsystemstypicallyresideinvirtualdiskfiles,althoughyoucanalso bootfromCDROMorfromaPrebootExecutionEnvironment(PXE)server.
Hard Disk
IDEandSCSIharddrivesaresupported. Atleast1.7GBfreediskspaceisrequiredforbasicinstallation.Youcandeletethe installerafterwardstoreclaimapproximately600MBdiskspace. Ifyouuseadefaultsetup,thediskspaceneedsareapproximatelythesameas thoseforinstallingandrunningtheguestoperatingsystemandapplicationsona physicalcomputer.
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Floppy Drives
Virtualmachinescanconnecttothehostsfloppydrives.Floppydiskimagefilesare alsosupported.
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32bithostcomputerscanrunthefollowingoperatingsystems: MandrakeLinux10.1 MandrivaCorporateServer4 RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.1 RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS4.5 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES4.5 RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.5 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10.1 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9SP4 TurboLinuxEnterpriseServer10 UbuntuLinux8.04 UbuntuLinux7.10 UbuntuLinux7.04 UbuntuLinux6.10 UbuntuLinux6.06
Processor
Sameprocessorasthehostcomputer Onevirtualprocessoronahostsystemwithoneormorelogicalprocessors Twovirtualprocessors(twowayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessingor Virtual SMP)onahostsystemwithatleasttwologicalprocessors Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors: AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled SeeUsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 278.
Chip Set
Intel440BXbasedmotherboard NS338SIO 82093AAIOAPIC
BIOS
PhoenixBIOS4.0Release6withVESABIOS
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Memory
Upto8GB,dependingonhostmemory,virtualmachinehardwareversion,and guestoperatingsystemsupport. Totalmemoryavailableforallvirtualmachinesislimitedonlybytheamountof memoryonthehostcomputer.
Graphics
VGA SVGA
IDE Drives
Uptofourdevices.AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualharddiskorCD/DVD drive. IDEvirtualdisksupto950GB. CD/DVDdrivecanbeaphysicaldeviceonthehostorclientsystem,oranISO imagefile.
SCSI Devices
Upto60devices.AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualharddiskorCD/DVDdrive. SCSIvirtualdisksupto950GB. LSILogicLSI53C10xxUltra320SCSII/Ocontroller.ForWindowsXPguest systems,thisrequiresanaddondriverfromtheLSILogicWebsite.Formore information,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideat http://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/. Mylex(BusLogic)BT958compatiblehostbusadapter.ForWindowsXPand WindowsServer2003guestsystems,thisrequiresanaddondriverfromthe VMwareWebsite.Formoreinformation,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystem InstallationGuideathttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
PCI Slots
SixvirtualPCIslotscanbedividedamongthevirtualSCSIcontrollers,virtualEthernet cards,virtualdisplayadapter,andvirtualsoundadapter.
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Floppy Drives
Uptotwo1.44MBfloppydevices Physicaldrivesorfloppyimagefiles
USB Ports
USB2.0supportisavailableonlyforVMwareproductsthatsupportvirtual machinehardwareversions6and7,suchasVMwareServer2andWorkstation6. ForUSB2.0support,yourhostmachinemustsupportUSB2.0. Supportsmostdevices,includingUSBprinters,scanners,PDAs,harddiskdrives, memorycardreadersanddigitalcameras,aswellasstreamingdevicessuchas webcams,speakers,andmicrophones.
Keyboard
104keyWindows95/98enhanced
Ethernet Card
Upto10virtualEthernetcardsinhardwareversion6and7virtualmachines. AMDPCnetPCIIIcompatible. For64bitguests:IntelPro/1000MTServerAdaptercompatible.
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Virtual Networking
Supportfor10virtualnetworkswitchesonWindowshostoperatingsystems. Supportfor255virtualnetworkswitchesonLinuxhosts.Threeswitchesare configuredbydefaultforbridged,hostonly,andNATnetworking. SupportformostEthernetbasedprotocols,includingTCP/IP,Microsoft Networking,Samba,NovellNetware,andNetworkFileSystem(NFS). BuiltinNATsupportsclientsoftwareusingTCP/IP,FTP,DNS,HTTP,andTelnet, includingVPNsupportforPPTPoverNAT.
Sound
Soundoutputandinputonhostsystemonly. EmulatesCreativeLabsSoundBlasterAudioPCI.MIDIinput,gamecontrollers, andjoysticksarenotsupported,exceptforUSBdevices.
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ThischapterdescribeshowtoinstallVMwareServeronWindowsandLinuxhost systemsandincludesthefollowingtopics: InstallationPrerequisitesonpage 35 InstallingVMwareServeronaWindowsHostonpage 37 UninstallingVMwareServeronaWindowsHostonpage 41 InstallingVMwareServeronaLinuxHostonpage 41 ConfiguringVMwareServeronaLinuxHostUsingvmwareconfig.plon page 42 UninstallingVMwareServeronaLinuxHostonpage 43 UpgradingfromVMwareServer1onpage 44 WheretoGoNextonpage 45
Installation Prerequisites
InstallingVMwareServerisusuallyasimpleprocessofrunningastandardinstallation wizard.Thissectionoutlinesthetasksyouneedtoperformbeforestartingan installationandwhichVMwareproductscanbeinstalledonthesamecomputeras VMwareServer.
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Whenthewizardfinishescomputingspacerequirements,clickNexttoclosethe Welcomepage. OntheLicenseAgreementpage,readandacceptthelicenseagreementtocontinue theinstallation. OntheDestinationFolderpage,ifyoudonotwantVMwareServerinstalledinthe directorythatisshown,clickChangeandspecifyanalternateinstallation directory. WindowsandtheMicrosoftInstallerlimitthelengthofapathtoadirectoryona localdriveto255characters.Forapathtoadirectoryonamappedorshareddrive, thelimitis240characters.Ifthepathexceedsthislimit,anerrormessageappears, andyoumustselectorenterashorterpath. Ifyouspecifyadirectorythatdoesnotexist,theinstallercreatesitforyou. YoucannotinstallVMwareServeronanetworkdrive.
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AlsoontheServerConfigurationInformationpage,acceptorchangethedefault valuesforFQDN,ServerHTTPPort,andServerHTTPSPort. Thefullyqualifieddomainname(FQDN)includesthehostnameandthedomain name.Forexample,intheFQDNmyserverhost.companydomain.com, myserverhostisthehostname,andcompanydomain.comisthedomain.The FQDNisusedtocreatethedesktopshortcutthatopensVI WebAccess. IfyoudonotsetServerHTTPPortto80,youmustincludetheportnumberwhen youconnecttoVMwareServerusingVI WebAccess.SeeLoggingIntoVMware ServerUsingVIWebAccessonpage 48.
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Runtheinstallationusingmsiexecandtheinstallationimagethatyouextracted inthepreviousstep.Enterthecommandononeline.
msiexec /i "<InstallTempPath>\VMware Server.msi" [INSTALLDIR="<PathToProgramDirectory>"] ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<featurename,featurename>] /qn
ToinstallVMwareServerinalocationotherthanthedefault,changethe INSTALLDIRpath.
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UsetheoptionalREMOVEsettingtoskipinstallationofcertainfeatures.TheREMOVE settingcantakeoneormoreofthevalueslistedinTable 21. Table 2-1. Values for the REMOVE Setting
Value Network Description Networkingcomponentsincludingthevirtualbridgeandthehostadapters forhostonlyandNATnetworking.Donotremovethiscomponentifyou wanttouseNATorDHCP. VirtualDHCPserver. VirtualNATdevice.
DHCP NAT
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OnUbuntuhosts,usethecommand:
sudo -s -H
Changetothetemporarydirectorywhereyoucopiedorsavedtheinstallationfile:
cd /tmp
Unpackthearchive:
tar zxpf VMware-server-<xxxx>.tar.gz
Changetotheinstallationdirectory:
cd vmware-server-distrib
Runtheinstallationscript:
./vmware-install.pl
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To install on a Linux host using the RPM installation file 1 2 LoginwiththeusernameyouplantousewhenrunningVMwareServer. Inaterminalwindow,usethecommandtobecomeroot,forexample:
su -
RunRPMandspecifytheinstallationfile:
rpm -Uhv VMware-server-<xxxx>.rpm
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Thescriptislocatedin/usr/bin.Ifthisdirectoryisnotinyourdefaultpath,enter thefollowingcommandtorunthescript:
/usr/bin/vmware-config.pl
Respondtotheprompts.Inmostcases,thedefaultresponseisappropriate. Thefollowingportsareusedbydefault:port902forthe VMware Authorization Service,port8222forhttpconnections,andport8333for securehttp(https)connections.Ifyoudonotwanttousethedefaultvalue, changetheportnumberwhenprompted. Ifyoudonotspecifyport80forhttpconnections,youmustincludetheport numberwhenyouconnecttoVMwareServerusingVI WebAccess.SeeLogging IntoVMwareServerUsingVIWebAccessonpage 48. Iftheconfigurationprogramdoesnotdisplayamessagesayingthatthe configurationcompletedsuccessfully,runtheconfigurationprogramagain.
Whendone,exitfromtherootaccount:
exit
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VMwareServer2usesadifferentpermissionsmodelfromVMwareServer1.After youinstallVMwareServer2,loginasanadministratorusertocreateandmanage permissionsfornonadministratorusers.SeeChapter 10,ManagingRolesand Permissions,onpage 201. VMwareServer2automaticallynamesbothdefaultandcustomvirtualnetworks. TheNetworkssectionoftheVIWebAccesshostSummarytabshowsthename, virtualnetwork(VMnet),andnetworktypeofeachvirtualnetwork.Ifyou customizevirtualnetworkingafterinstallation,youmustrefreshthenetwork,as describedinChangingtheNetworkingConfigurationonpage 222. ForupgradesfromVMwareServer1,ifyoubridged(mapped)virtualnetworksto specificphysicalorvirtualadapters,writedownthesettingsyouused. AlthoughVMwareServer2generallypreservesnetworksettingsduringthe upgrade,itcannotpreservebridgedsettingscreatedwithVMwareServer1.
Where to Go Next
AfteryouhaveinstalledtheVMwareServersoftwareontheserver,typicalnextsteps include: 1 2 Createavirtualmachine.SeeChapter 4,CreatingandUpgradingVirtual Machines,onpage 59. Installaguestoperatingsystem.Youneedtheinstallationmediaforyourguest operatingsystem.SeeInstallingtheGuestOperatingSystemonpage 68andthe VMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuide. InstalltheVMwareToolspackageinyourguestoperatingsystemforenhanced performanceandfeatures.SeeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 76. Createadditionaldatastoresandaddexistingvirtualmachinestoyourinventory. SeeChapter 6,ManagingVMwareServer,onpage 107. Startusingthevirtualmachines.SeeRunningVirtualMachinesonpage 121.
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ThischapterdescribeshowtoconnecttoVMwareServerandintroducesthe VI Web Accessmanagementinterface.VI WebAccessprovidesasimpleandflexible toolforvirtualmachinemanagement. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: LoggingIntoVMwareServerUsingVIWebAccessonpage 48 OverviewofVIWebAccessonpage 48 UsingtheVMwareServerHostWorkspaceonpage 49 UsingtheVirtualMachineWorkspaceonpage 50 UsingVIWebAccessMenuOptionsonpage 54 LoggingOutonpage 57 Typically,yournextstepafterfamiliarizingyourselfwithVI WebAccessistocreatea virtualmachine.Theinformationandstepsyouneedtocreateavirtualmachineare describedinChapter 4,CreatingandUpgradingVirtualMachines,onpage 59.
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Ifyouarenotusingport80toconnecttoVMwareServer,youmustincludetheport numberyouspecifiedduringinstallationintheconnectionURL,forexample:
http://<host_name>:8222
Whenyouconnectremotely,youareautomaticallyredirectedtothesecurehttp (https)port. TheVI WebAccessloginpageappears. NOTEIftheconnectionfails,enterthecorrecthostname,IPaddress,or localhost,asappropriate,intheconnectionURL.Youcanalsomanuallyenter theshortnameandtheFQDN,orlocalhost,inthe/etc/hostsfile. 3 Entertheusernameandpasswordyouusetologintothehost,andclickLog In. Afteryourusernameandpasswordareauthorized,themainapplicationpage appears. Youruserroledetermineswhatyoucanseeandwhichactionsyoucanperformin VI WebAccess.SeeChapter 10,ManagingRolesandPermissions,onpage 201.
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WorkspaceAppearingontheright,thisisthemainpartofthewindow. WhenthehostisselectedintheInventorypanel,theworkspaceincludesthe Summary,VirtualMachines,Tasks,Events,andPermissionstabs.Thesetabs containdetailedinformationabouttheVMwareServerhostandallowyouto configurehostwidesettings.SeeUsingtheVMwareServerHost Workspaceonpage 49. WhenavirtualmachineisselectedintheInventorypanel,theworkspace includestheSummary,Console,Tasks,Events,andPermissionstabs.These tabscontaindetailedinformationaboutvariousaspectsofthevirtualmachine andallowyoutoconfigurethem.SeeUsingtheVirtualMachineWorkspace onpage 50. MenubarThemenusabovetheInventorypanelprovideaccesstocommon applicationandvirtualmachineoperations,includingpoweroperationsand snapshotandconsolecommands.SeeUsingVIWebAccessMenuOptionson page 54. ToolbarAppearingalongthetopofthepage,thesebuttonsallowyoutoacton theselectedvirtualmachine,offeringoneclickaccesstopoweroperations.See ChangingthePowerStateofaVirtualMachineonpage 122. TaskareaAppearingalongthebottomofthepage,thisareadisplaystasks recentlyexecutedbyVMwareServer,includinghostlevelconfigurationchanges. Youcansorttasksbyclickingthecolumnheaders.Bydefault,tasksappearin reversechronologicalorder(mostrecenttasksfirst).Youcandoubleclickataskto getmoredetailedinformation.
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TasksDisplaystasksthatareperformedbyusersintheVMwareServerhost. SeeViewingVMwareServerandVirtualMachineTasksonpage 56. EventsDisplayseventsthatoccurredintheVMwareServerhost.SeeViewing VMwareServerandVirtualMachineEventsonpage 57. VirtualMachinesDisplayshighlevelinformationabouttheallthevirtual machinesintheinventory,includingprocessorandmemoryutilizationwhenthe virtualmachineispoweredon.Fromthistab,youcancreateavirtualmachine, addavirtualmachinetotheinventory,anddeleteorperformpoweroperationson aselectedvirtualmachine.SeeAddingaVirtualMachinetotheInventoryon page 108andPerformingPowerOperationsonVirtualMachinesonpage 109. PermissionsDisplaysandallowsyoutoconfigurepermissionsforthehost.See Chapter 10,ManagingRolesandPermissions,onpage 201.
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iii iv
IfyouareusingFirefox,amessageappearsatthetopofthebrowserindicating thatFirefoxpreventedthesitefromaskingyoutoinstallthesoftwareonyour computer. i ClickEditOptionsnexttotheFirefoxmessage. TheAllowedSitesAddonsInstallationpageappears. ii ClickAllowtoallowtheaddontobeinstalledfromtheVMwareServer hostsystem,andclickClose. YouarereturnedtotheConsoletabasshowninFigure 31. iii ClickInstallplugin. TheSoftwareInstallationpageappears. iv ClickInstallNow. Theaddonisinstalled. Firefoxrequiresyoutorestartyourbrowser.
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Application Menu
TheApplicationmenuincludesgeneralVIWebAccessoptionsforgettingversion information,browsingtheVirtualApplianceMarketplace,viewingonlinehelp,and loggingout. AboutDisplaystheVIWebAccessversionnumber,VMwareServerversion number,andVMwarecopyrightinformation. EnterSerialNumberAllowsyoutoenteranewVMwareServerserialnumber ifyourcurrentserialnumberisexpiring. VirtualApplianceMarketplaceOpenstheVirtualApplianceMarketplaceWeb page.Virtualappliancesareprebuilt,preconfigured,readytorunenterprise applicationspackagedwithanoperatingsysteminsideavirtualmachine. CheckforUpdatesOpenstheVMwareServerdownloadpage. HelpDisplaysonlinehelp. LogOutLogsyououtofVI WebAccess.
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Administration Menu
TheAdministrationmenuincludestheManageRolesoptionformanagingVMware Serverroles.SeeChapter 10,ManagingRolesandPermissions,onpage 201.
SelectataskandclickViewDetailstoseeadditionalinformation.Theadditionalfields aredescribedinthefollowingtable.
Field TaskID Target Triggeredat Completedat Description Theidentifierforthetypeoftask. Thehostorvirtualmachinename. Thetimethatthetaskwasrequested. Thetimethatthetaskwascompleted.
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SelectaneventandclickViewDetailstoseeadditionalinformation.Theadditional fieldsaredescribedinthefollowingtable.
Field Object TriggeredBy Type Message Description Theobjectonwhichthetaskwasperformed. Entitythattriggeredtheevent. Typeofeventthatoccurred. Textexplanationofaction.
Logging Out
LogoutofVIWebAccessbyclickingLogOutintheupperrightcornerofanypage.
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Amount of Memory
OntheMemoryandProcessorspage,thememorysizeissettotheRecommendedSize bydefault.Therecommendedvalueisbasedontheselectedguestoperatingsystem andtheamountofmemoryinthehostcomputer. Forbestperformance,selectRecommendedMaximum.Optimalmemorysizeis determinedbyanumberoffactors,describedinAllocatingMemorytoaVirtual Machineonpage 277. Tominimizethehostmemoryresourcesallocatedtothisvirtualmachine,select RecommendedMinimum. NOTEDonotenteravaluelowerthantherecommendedminimumbecauseitcould preventtheguestoperatingsystemfromrunning. Themaximumamountofmemorypervirtualmachineis8GBforahardwareversion6 or7virtualmachine.Theamountofmemorythatcanbeusedbyallvirtualmachines combinedislimitedonlybytheamountofmemoryonthehostcomputer.
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Number of Processors
Multipleprocessorsaresupportedonlyforhostmachineswithatleasttwological processors. Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavemultiplelogicalprocessors: MultiprocessorhostwithtwoormoreCPUs,regardlessofwhethertheyare multicoreorhavehyperthreadingenabled SingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU Singleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled ForinformationaboutVMwareServersupportforVirtualSMP,seeUsingTwoWay VirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 278.
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Ifyouarenotusingport80toconnecttoVMwareServer,youmustincludetheport numberyouspecifiedduringinstallationintheconnectionURL,forexample:
http://<host name>:8222
Whenyouconnectremotely,youareautomaticallyredirectedtothesecurehttp (https)port. TheVI WebAccessloginpageappears. 2 3 4 Enteryourusernameandpassword,andclickLogIn. IntheCommandssectionofthehostworkspace,clickCreateVirtualMachine. OntheNameandLocationpage,enterthenameofthevirtualmachine. Thenameyouenterhereisusedinthevirtualmachineinventorylist.Asubfolder withthisnameisalsocreatedinthedatastoretostoreallthefilesassociatedwith thisvirtualmachine. 5 AlsoontheNameandLocationpage,selectadatastorefromthelistofexisting datastoresandclickOK. Formoreinformation,seeVirtualMachineLocationonpage 59. 6 7 ClickNext. OntheGuestOperatingSystempage,selectthetypeofoperatingsystemthatyou intendtoinstallinthenewvirtualmachine,andselecttheoperatingsystem versionfromthedropdownmenu. Formoreinformation,seeGuestOperatingSystemonpage 60.
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ClickNext. OntheHardDiskpage,selectoneofthefollowing: CreateaNewVirtualDiskSelecttoaddanewblankharddisktoyour virtualmachine. ThewizarddisplaysthePropertiespageforyoutoenterthediskcapacity, datastore,fileallocationoptions,diskmode,virtualdeviceadaptertypeand node,andcachingpolicysettings.Makeanyrequiredchangestothedefault valuesonthePropertiespage,andclickNext.Fordetailedinformationabout settingsyoucanconfigureonthePropertiespage,seeHardDiskTypeand Propertiesonpage 62. UseanExistingVirtualDiskSelecttoreuseorshareavirtualharddisk thathasalreadybeencreated. ThewizarddisplaysthePropertiespageforyoutoenterthepathorbrowseto theexistingvirtualdisk(.vmdk)file.Selectthevirtualdisktoviewthe capacityandfileallocationoptions,whichcannotbechanged.Youcanmodify thediskmode,virtualdevicenode,andcachingpolicysettings.Makeany requiredchangestothedefaultvaluesonthePropertiespage,andclickNext. FordetailedinformationaboutsettingsyoucanconfigureontheProperties page,seeHardDiskTypeandPropertiesonpage 62. DontAddaVirtualDiskSelectonlyifyoucanuseabootableCDorPXE imagefileanddonotneedaharddisktoinstalltheoperatingsystem.
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OntheNetworkAdapterpage,selectwhethertoaddanetworkadapter. AddaNetworkAdapterSelecttoaddanetworktoyourvirtualmachine. ThewizarddisplaysthePropertiespage.Selectthevirtualnetworkforthe virtualmachinefromthedropdownmenuofexistingnetworks. Optionally,deselectConnectatPowerOnifyoudonotwantthisnetworkto beconnectedwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon. ClickNext. DontAddaNetworkAdapterYoucancreateavirtualmachinewithout networking,oraddavirtualnetworklater. Formoreinformation,seeNetworkConnectionTypeonpage 64.
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OntheReadytoCompletepage: ClickBackornavigateusingthePagespaneltomakechanges. ExpandtheMoreHardwareheadingtoaddmorehardwaretothevirtual machinebeforeyoufinishcreatingit: Toaddaharddisk,seeAddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachineon page 144. Toaddanetworkadapter,seeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtual Machineonpage 223. ToaddaCD/DVDdrive,seeAddingaCD/DVDDrivetoaVirtual Machineonpage 151. Toaddafloppydrive,seeAddingaFloppyDrivetoaVirtualMachine onpage 154. Toaddapassthrough(generic)SCSIdevice,seeAddingaPassthrough (Generic)SCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachineonpage 157. ToaddaUSBcontroller(onepervirtualmachine),seeAddingaUSB ControllertoaVirtualMachineonpage 159. Toaddasoundadapter(onepervirtualmachine),seeAddingaSound AdaptertoaVirtualMachineonpage 165. Toaddaserialport,seeAddingaSerialPorttoaVirtualMachineon page 166. Toaddaparallelport,seeAddingaParallelPorttoaVirtualMachine onpage 177.
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Eachtimeyoufinishaddinganewdevice,youreturntotheReadyto Completepage. Ifyouwanttopoweronthevirtualmachineimmediatelyaftercreatingit, selectPoweronyourvirtualmachinenow. ClickFinishtocreatethevirtualmachinewiththelistedhardware. Thewizardcreatesthefilesandhardwareforyourvirtualmachine. Afterthevirtualmachineiscreated,continuewithInstallingtheGuestOperating Systemonpage 68. Youcanmakechangestotheconfigurationofanexistingvirtualmachinefromthe HardwareandCommandssectionsoftheVIWebAccessvirtualmachineworkspace.
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To install a guest operating system from an installation CD 1 2 3 4 5 LogintoVIWebAccess. Selectthevirtualmachineintowhichyouareinstallingtheguestoperatingsystem fromtheInventorypanel. InserttheinstallationCDforyourguestoperatingsystem. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheCD/DVDdrivesiconand selectEdit. SelectHostMediatoconfigureaphysicaldriveonthehostsystem. IfyouwanttouseaCD/DVDdriveonaclientsystem,selectClientMediaanduse VMwareRemoteConsoletoselectandconnectordisconnecttheclientdevice.See ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevicesonpage 132.InVI WebAccess, youcanonlychangethedevicenodeforclientdevices,asdescribedinEditinga VirtualHardDiskonpage 145. 6 7 8 SelectConnectatpoweron. SelectPhysicalDrive. EnterthelocationofthedriveinthePhysicalDrivetextbox. Forexample,d:(Windows)or/dev/cdrom(Linux). 9 10 11 12 SelecttheSCSIorIDEdevicenodeintheVirtualDeviceNodesection. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. ClickPowerOntopoweronyourvirtualmachine. ClicktheConsoletabtocompletetheguestoperatingsysteminstallationusing VMwareRemoteConsole. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendor. NOTEYoumightneedtochangethebootorderinthevirtualmachineBIOSso thatthevirtualmachinewillattempttobootfromtheCD/DVDdevicebefore tryingotherbootdevices.Tochangethebootorder,configurethevirtualmachine toentertheBIOSsetuputilitywhenitboots,asdescribedinChangingVirtual MachinePowerSettingsonpage 125,orpressF2whenpromptedduringvirtual machinestartup. 13 InstallVMwareTools,asdescribedinInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 76.
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To install a guest operating system from an ISO image 1 2 3 4 LogintoVIWebAccess. Selectthevirtualmachineintowhichyouareinstallingtheguestoperatingsystem fromtheInventorypanel. IntheHardwaresectionoftheSummarytab,clicktheCD/DVDdrivesiconand selectEdit. SelectHostMediatoconfigureanISOimagefileonthehostsystem. IfyouwanttouseanISOimagefileonaclientsystem,selectClientMediaanduse VMwareRemoteConsoletoselectandconnectordisconnecttheclientdevice.See ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevicesonpage 132.InVI WebAccess, youcanonlychangethedevicenodeforclientdevices,asdescribedinEditinga VirtualHardDiskonpage 145. 5 6 SelectConnectatpoweron. SelectISOImage. ClickBrowsetonavigatetoafilewiththe.isoextensioninanexistingdatastore. Ifyouenterthepathmanually,youmustusetheformat:
[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename.iso
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SelecttheSCSIorIDEdevicenodeintheVirtualDeviceNodesection. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges. ClickPowerOntopoweronyourvirtualmachine. ClicktheConsoletabtocompletetheguestoperatingsysteminstallationusing VMwareRemoteConsole. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendor. NOTEYoumightneedtochangethebootorderinthevirtualmachineBIOSso thatthevirtualmachinewillattempttobootfromtheCD/DVDdevicebefore tryingotherbootdevices.Tochangethebootorder,configurethevirtualmachine toentertheBIOSsetuputilitywhenitboots,asdescribedinChangingVirtual MachinePowerSettingsonpage 125,orpressF2whenpromptedduringvirtual machinestartup.
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IftheISOimagespansmultiplefiles,whenyouarepromptedtoinsertthenextCD: a b c d e f g ClicktheSummarytab. IntheHardwaresection,edittheCDsettingsbyclickingtheCD/DVDdrives iconandchoosingEdit. BrowsetothelocationofthenextISOimagefile,andkeepallotherselections astheyare. ClickOK. ClicktheConsoletabtoreturntoVMwareRemoteConsole. Intheguestoperatingsystem,clickOKorotherwiserespondtotheprompt sothatinstallationcancontinue. Repeatthisprocessforadditionalfiles.
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InstallVMwareTools,asdescribedinInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 76.
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Poweronthevirtualmachine.
Afterthevirtualmachineversionisupdated,youcanconfigureittousethefeatures supportedwiththenewversion.
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Thischapterdiscusseshowtoinstall,upgrade,andrunVMwareTools.Thischapter includesthefollowingtopics: ComponentsofVMwareToolsonpage 73 InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 76 UpdatingVMwareToolsonpage 90 UninstallingVMwareToolsonpage 91 RepairingorChangingVMwareToolsonpage 91 UsingtheVMwareToolsControlPanelonpage 91 CustomizingVMwareToolsonpage 97 UsingtheVMwareToolsCommandLineInterfaceonpage 104
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To install or upgrade VMware Tools in a Windows guest operating system 1 InVIWebAccess,clickInstallVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,clickUpgradeVMwareTools. 2 ClicktheConsoletab. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. Dependingonwhetherautorunisenabledintheguestoperatingsystem,oneof thefollowingoccurs: Ifautorunisenabledintheguestoperatingsystem,adialogboxappearsafter afewsecondsaskingwhetheryouwanttoinstallVMwareTools. Ifautorunisnotenabled,thedialogboxdoesnotappearautomatically.Click Start>RunandenterD:\setup\setup.exe,whereD:isyourfirstvirtual CD/DVDdrive. 3 4 ClickYestolaunchtheInstallShieldwizard. Followtheonscreeninstructions. OnsomeWindowsoperatingsystems,aftertheSVGAdriverisinstalled,youare promptedtoreboottousethisnewdriver. 5 Rebootthevirtualmachineifnecessary.
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To configure the video driver on older versions of Windows 1 2 Whenyouarepromptedtoreboot,clickNo. FollowtheinstructionsintheNotebookfile. Theinstructionsarespecifictoeachoperatingsystem.Theyprovidestepsfor selectingtheVMwareSVGAdriver,usuallyintheDisplayProperties/Settings dialogbox,andinstallingitfromtheVMwareToolsISOimage. TheEnglishversionoftheinstructionsfromtheNotebookfilearereprintedin KnowledgeBasearticle1001819attheVMwareWebsite.
(Optional)Intheguestoperatingsystem,suppresspromptsaboutinstalling unsigneddrivers. IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsfromabetaorRC(releasecandidate)versionof VMwareServer,youareaskedtoconfirmtheinstallationofunsigneddrivers. Followthesestepstosuppresstheseconfirmationprompts. ForallWindowssystemsexceptWindowsVista: a b c d OnthevirtualmachinesdesktoporStartmenu,rightclickMyComputerand selectProperties. ClicktheHardwaretabandclickDriverSigning. IntheDriverSigningOptionsdialogbox,clickIgnoreandclickOK. ClickOKintheSystemPropertiesdialogbox.
Openacommandpromptandusethefollowingcommandtoinstallsomeorallof theVMwareToolscomponents:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL [REMOVE=<component>] /qn
Inthiscommand,youcanoptionallyuse REMOVE=<component>ifyoudonot wanttoinstallaparticularcomponent: ToolboxVMwareToolscontrolpanelanditsutilities.Excludingthis featurepreventsyoufromusingVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem. VMwaredoesnotrecommendexcludingthisfeature. DriversIncludestheSVGA,mouse,BusLogic,andvmxnetdrivers. SVGAVMwareSVGAdriver.Excludingthisfeaturelimitsthedisplay capabilitiesofyourvirtualmachine. MouseVMwaremousedriver.Excludingthisfeaturedecreasesmouse performanceinyourvirtualmachine.
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BuslogicVMwareBusLogicdriver.Ifyourvirtualmachineis configuredtousetheLSILogicdriver,youmightwanttoremovethis feature. VMXNetVMwarevmxnetnetworkingdriver. MemCtlVMwarememorycontroldriver.Recommendedifyouplantouse thisvirtualmachinewithESX.Excludingthisfeaturehindersthememory managementcapabilitiesofthevirtualmachinerunningonanESXsystem. HgfsVMwaresharedfoldersdriver.Thesharedfoldersfeatureisnot supportedinVMwareServer.Recommendedifyouplantousethisvirtual machinewithWorkstationoranotherproductthatsupportssharedfolders. Forexample,toinstalleverythingbutthesharedfoldersdriver,typethefollowing command:
msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Hgfs /qn
Toincludeafeature,useitwiththeADDLOCALoption.Toexcludeafeature,use itwiththeREMOVEoption.
Installing VMware Tools in a Linux Guest Within X Using the RPM Installer
YoucanuseagraphicaluserinterfacetoinstallVMwareToolsinaLinuxguest.For informationabouthowtoinstallVMwareToolfromthecommandline,seeInstalling VMwareToolsfromtheCommandLinewiththeTarorRPMInstalleronpage 82. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheguest operatingsystemisrunning.
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To install VMware Tools in a Linux Guest Within X Using the RPM Installer 1 InVIWebAccess,clickInstallVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,clickUpgradeVMwareTools. 2 ClicktheConsoletab. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. TheguestoperatingsystemmountstheVMwareToolsinstallationvirtualCD.A windowmanagerdisplayingtwofilesmightappear.OnefileisfortheRPM installerandoneisforthetarinstaller.Alternatively,aVMwareToolsCDicon mightappearonthedesktop. 3 Dooneofthefollowing: IfyouseeaVMwareToolsCDicononthedesktop,doubleclickit,andafter itopens,doubleclicktheRPMinstallerintherootoftheCDROM. Ifyouseeafilemanagerwindow,doubleclicktheRPMinstallerfile. InsomeLinuxdistributions,theVMwareToolsCDiconmightfailtoappear.In thiscase,installVMwareToolsfromthecommandline,asdescribedinInstalling VMwareToolsfromtheCommandLinewiththeTarorRPMInstalleronpage 82. 4 Whenprompted,entertherootpasswordandclickOK. Theinstallerpreparesthepackages. 5 ClickContinuewhentheinstallerpresentsadialogboxthatshowsCompleted SystemPreparation. Whentheinstallerisdone,noconfirmationwindoworfinishbuttonappears,but VMwareToolsisinstalled. 6 InanXterminal,asroot(su),runthescripttoconfigureVMwareTools:
vmware-config-tools.pl
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InanXterminal,starttheVMwareUserprocess:
vmware-user
(Optional)TostarttheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-toolbox &
Installing VMware Tools from the Command Line with the Tar or RPM Installer
YoucaninstallVMwareToolsfromthecommandlineinaLinuxguest.Forinformation abouthowtoinstallVMwareToolfromagraphicaluserinterface,seeInstalling VMwareToolsinaLinuxGuestWithinXUsingtheRPMInstalleronpage 80. Beforeyoubegin,makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredonandthattheguest operatingsystemisrunning. To install VMware Tools from the command line with the tar or RPM installer 1 InVIWebAccess,clickInstallVMwareToolsintheStatussectionofthevirtual machineSummarytab. IfanearlierversionofVMwareToolsisinstalled,clickUpgradeVMwareTools. 2 ClicktheConsoletab. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. 3 4 Intheguest,loginasroot(su). Ifnecessary,mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
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Changetoaworkingdirectorybyenteringacommandsuchasthefollowing:
cd /tmp
Where<xxxx>isthebuildnumberoftheproductrelease. FortheRPMinstaller,atthecommandprompt,enter:
rpm -Uhv /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-<xxxx>.i386.rpm umount /dev/cdrom
Where<xxxx>isthebuildnumberoftheproductrelease. IfyourLinuxdistributionautomaticallymountedtheCDROMs,youdonotneed tousetheunmountportionofthecommand. IfyouattempttoinstallanRPMinstallationoveratarinstallationorthereverse, theinstallerdetectsthepreviousinstallationandmustconverttheinstaller databaseformatbeforecontinuing. 8 ConfigureVMwareTools. DependingonwhetheryouareusingthetarinstallerortheRPMinstaller,doone ofthefollowing: Forthetarinstaller,enterthefollowingcommandstoruntheinstaller:
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
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FortheRPMinstaller,enterthefollowingcommandtoruntheconfiguration file:
vmware-config-tools.pl
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(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
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(Optional)TostarttheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-toolbox &
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AftertheCDROMismounted,changetoaworkingdirectory(forexample,/tmp) andextractVMwareToolsbyenteringthefollowingcommands:
cd /tmp gunzip -c /cdrom/vmwaretools/vmware-solaris-tools.tar.gz | tar xf -
RuntheVMwareToolstarinstaller:
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
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(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
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(Optional)TostarttheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-toolbox &
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UntartheVMwareToolstarfile:
tar zxpf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.gz
Ifnecessary,unmounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimagebyenteringa commandsimilartothefollowing:
umount /cdrom
Ifyourdistributionusesautomounting,skipthisstep. 9 RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller:
cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl
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Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
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(Optional)Startyourgraphicalenvironment. InanXterminal,tostarttheVMwareUserprocess,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-user
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(Optional)TostarttheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,enterthefollowingcommand:
vmware-toolbox &
Ifthefollowingerrormessageappears,therequiredlibrarywasnotinstalled:
Shared object 'libc.so.3' not found.
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InsertandmounttheFreeBSD4.5installationCDoraccesstheISOimagefile. Changedirectoriesandruntheinstallationscript:
cd /cdrom/compat3x ./install.sh
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ForaNetWare6.0orNetWare5.1virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole, enter:
LOAD CD9660.NSS
ForaNetWare4.2virtualmachine,inthesystemconsole,enter:
load cdrom
MounttheVMwareToolsCDROMimagebyentering:
cd mount vmwtools
Inthesystemconsole,enteroneofthefollowing: ForNetWare5.1,6.0,or6.5:
vmwtools:\setup.ncf
ForNetWare4.2:
vmwtools:\setup
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IfyouhaveaNetWare4.2guest,restarttheguestoperatingsystem,asfollows: a Toshutdownthesystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
down
Torestarttheguestoperatingsystem,inthesystemconsole,enter:
restart server
Starting the VMware User Process Manually If You Do Not Use a Session Manager on UNIX
OneoftheexecutablesusedbyVMwareToolsinUNIXguestsisvmware-user.This programimplementsfitguesttowindowandotherfeatures. Normally,vmware-userisstartedautomaticallyafteryouconfigureVMwareTools andthenlogoutofthedesktopenvironmentandlogbackin. However,ifyourunanXsessionwithoutasessionmanager(forexample,byusing startxandgettingadesktopandnotusingxdm,kdm,orgdm),youmuststartthe VMwareUserprocessmanually. Youmustalsostartvmware-usermanuallyafteryouupdatetoanewversionof VMwareTools. To start the VMware User process manually if you do not use a session manager Dooneofthefollowing: Tohavevmware-userstartwhenyoustartanXsession,addvmware-usertothe appropriateXstartupscript,suchasthe.xsessionor.xinitrcfile. Thevmware-userprogramislocatedinthedirectorywhereyouselectedtoinstall binaryprograms,whichdefaultsto/usr/bin.Thestartupscriptthatneedstobe modifieddependsonyourparticularsystem. Tostartvmware-userafteraVMwareToolssoftwareupdateorifyounotice certainfeaturesarenotworking,openaterminalwindowandenterthefollowing command:
vmware-user
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OnaLinuxguestthathasVMwareToolsinstalledusinganRPMinstaller,enterthe followingcommand:
rpm -e VMwareTools
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To open the VMware Tools control panel Dooneofthefollowing: InWindowsguests,doubleclickVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthe guestsWindowstaskbar. IfyoucannotfindtheVMwareToolsiconinthenotificationarea,usetheguests WindowsControlPaneltodisplayit.SeeUsingtheWindowsControlPanelto DisplaytheTaskbarIcononpage 92. InLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,openaterminalwindowandenterthe command:
/usr/bin/vmware-toolbox &
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Options Tab
TheOptionstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesthefollowingoptions: Timesynchronizationbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehostoperating systemPeriodically(everyminute)checkswhethertheguestoperatingsystems timeislaggingbehindthehosts.Ifso,theguestsclockismovedforwardtomatch thehostsclock.Ifyouusethisoption,disableallothertimesynchronization mechanisms.Forexample,someguestsmighthaveNTPorCMOSclock synchronizationturnedonbydefault. Regardlessofwhetheryouenablethissetting,timesynchronizationoccurswhen theVMwareToolsdaemonisstarted(suchasduringareboot),whenresuming fromasuspendoperation,andaftershrinkingadisk.Whentheoperatingsystem startsorreboots,synchronizationcanbeeitherforwardorbackwardintime.For otherevents,synchronizationisforwardintime. Todisabletimesynchronizationcompletely,seeDisablingTimeSynchronization byEditingtheVirtualMachineConfigurationFileonpage 93. ShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbar(Windowsguestsonly)Displaysthe VMwareToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbar.Theiconindicates whetherVMwareToolsisrunningandwhetheranupdateisavailable. Notifyifupdateisavailable(Windowsguestsonly)Displaysthe VMware Toolsiconwithayellowcautioniconwhenanupdateisavailable. Updatebutton(Windowsguestsonly)Becomesenabledwhenanupdateis available.ClickingthisbuttonhasthesameeffectasclickingtheUpgrade VMware ToolscommandintheStatussectionoftheVIWebAccessSummarytab.
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To disable time synchronization by editing the virtual machine configuration file 1 2 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Editthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(seeChangingVirtualMachine AdvancedSettingsonpage 127)andsettheoptionslistedinTable 51toFALSE. Table 5-1. Time Synchronization Options
Option Name time.synchronize.tools.startup Relates to Time Synchronization When Poweringonavirtualmachine.Controls whetheraoneshottimesynchronizationoccurs thenexttimetheguestoperatingsystemis booted. Thevirtualmachineisrunning.Controls whethertheguestoperatingsystemsclockis checkedonceaminuteandsynchronizedifitis foundtobelaggingbehindthehostsclock. Revertingtoasnapshot. Resumingasuspendedvirtualmachine. Takingasnapshot. Shrinkingavirtualdisk.
tools.syncTime
Devices Tab
TheDevicestaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforenablingand connectingtocertaindevices. Thecontrolsforconnectinganddisconnectingcertaindevicesmightnotbeavailable. ToconnectanddisconnectremovabledevicesusingVMwareRemoteConsole,see ConnectingandDisconnectingClientDevicesonpage 132.
Scripts Tab
FromtheScriptstaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,youcanedit,disable,orrun scriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperationswhenyouchangethe virtualmachinespowerstate. Fromthistab,youcanalsospecifythelocationofcustomscriptsfortheSuspend, Resume,PowerOn,PowerOff,andResetbuttons. Onmostguestoperatingsystems,ifVMwareToolsisinstalledandifyouconfigurea virtualmachinespowercontrolstousetheguestoptions,oneormoredefaultscripts runontheguestwheneveryouchangethepowerstateofthevirtualmachine.
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Forexample,ifyouusethevirtualmachineconfigurationsettings(clickConfigureVM intheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachineworkspace,andclickthePowertab) andsetthePowerOffcontroltouseShutDownGuest,thenthe poweroff-vm-defaultscriptrunswhenyouclickthePowerOffbuttoninthetoolbar. Thisscriptcausestheguestoperatingsystemtoshutdowngracefully.Adescriptionof eachscriptisprovidedlaterinthissection,inHowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPower Statesonpage 97. Forinformationaboutcreatingacustomscript,seeCreatingScriptstoOverride DefaultVMwareToolsScriptsonpage 99.
Shrink Tab
TheShrinktaboftheVMwareToolscontrolpanelprovidesoptionsforreclaiming unusedspaceinavirtualdisk.Ifyourvirtualmachinecannotbeshrunk,thistab displaysinformationexplainingwhyyoucannotshrinkyourvirtualdisks. Shrinkingadiskisatwostepprocess:apreparationstepandtheshrinkstep.Inthefirst step,VMwareToolsreclaimsallunusedportionsofdiskpartitions(suchasdeleted files)andpreparesthemforshrinking.Thissteptakesplaceintheguestoperating system. Theshrinkprocessisthesecondstep,andittakesplaceoutsidethevirtualmachine. TheVMwareapplicationreducesthesizeofthediskbasedonthediskspacereclaimed duringthepreparationstep.Ifthediskhasemptyspace,thisprocessreducesthe amountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehostdrive.SeeShrinkingVirtual Disksonpage 147. OnUNIXguests,runVMwareToolsastherootuser(su)toshrinkvirtualdisks.Ifyou shrinkthevirtualdiskasanonrootuser,youcannotpreparetoshrinkthepartsofthe virtualdiskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions.
About Tab
TheAbouttabdisplaysversion(buildnumber)andcopyrightinformation.In Windowsguests,thistabalsoshowsthestatusoftheVMwareToolsservice.
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<command>isoneofthecommandslistedinTable 52. Table 5-2. VMware Tools Commands for Netware Guests
vmwtool Command help partitonlist shrink [<partition>] Definition DisplaysasummaryofVMwareToolscommands andoptionsinaNetWareguest. Displaysalistofalldiskpartitionsinthevirtualdisk andwhetherornotapartitioncanbeshrunk. Shrinksthelistedpartitions.Ifnopartitionsare specified,allpartitionsinthevirtualdiskareshrunk. Thestatusoftheshrinkprocessappearsatthe bottomofthesystemconsole. devicelist Listseachremovabledeviceinthevirtualmachine, itsdeviceID,andwhetherthedeviceisenabledor disabled.Removabledevicesincludethevirtual networkadapter,CD/DVDdrives,andfloppy drives. Disablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovable devicesinthevirtualmachinearedisabled. Enablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovable devicesinthevirtualmachineareenabled.
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OnmostUNIXguests,thedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtual machinestopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.Thedefaultscriptexecuted whenyouresumeavirtualmachinestartsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. ScriptscannotberunonNetWareandFreeBSDguests. OnUNIX,thedefaultscriptsarelocatedinthe/etc/vmware-toolsdirectory. Youcancreateyourownscriptsandusetheminsteadofthedefaultscriptsshownin Table 53. Table 5-3. Default VMware Tools Scripts
Script Name poweroff-vm-default Description Ifyouconfiguredthepoweroffoperationtoshutdowntheguest, thisscriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredoff. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingreset. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. poweron-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingpoweredonrather thanresumed. Ifyouconfiguredtheresetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscript runsaftervirtualmachinerestarts. Thisscripthasnoeffectonnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. resume-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthepoweronoperationtostarttheguest,orthe resetoperationtorestarttheguest,thisscriptrunswhenthevirtual machineisresumedafteritwassuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptrenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstartsnetworking forthevirtualmachine. suspend-vm-default Ifyouconfiguredthesuspendoperationtosuspendtheguest,this scriptrunswhenthevirtualmachineisbeingsuspended. OnWindowsguests,ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouse DHCP,thisscriptreleasestheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine. OnLinux,FreeBSD,andSolarisguests,thisscriptstopsnetworking forthevirtualmachine.
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config_file_2.vmxcontains:
ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_second_vm"
Topreventastringfrombeingpassedfromthehosttotheguestthroughtheservice, setthefollowinglineinyourvirtualmachinesconfigurationfile:
isolation.tools.getMachineID.disable = "TRUE"
Usethismethodtodeployvirtualmachinesonanetworkusingacommon configurationfilewhileprovidingeachmachinewithitsownuniqueidentity.
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Dooneofthefollowingtoretrievethestringinthevirtualmachine: InaWindowsguest,enterthefollowingcommandtoretrievethestring:
VMwareService --cmd machine.id.get
InaLinuxguest,intheoperatingsystemsstartupscript,addthefollowing commandbeforethenetworkstartupsection:
/usr/sbin/vmware-guestd --cmd 'machine.id.get'
Thelocationofvmware-guestddependsonthedirectoryyouspecifyatthe timeofinstallation.
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Toconfigureperiodictimesynchronization,usethevmx.set_optioncommand: <daemon> --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime <old_val> <new_val>" <daemon>isvmware-guestdonUNIXsystemsorVMwareService.exeon Windowssystems. <old_val>and<new_val>aretheoldandnewvalues,respectively.Use0tomean FALSEand1tomeanTRUE. FollowingisanexampleofsettingtimesynchronizationtoTRUEonaLinuxguest:
./vmware-guestd --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime 0 1"
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Thischapterdescribeshowtoperformhostwideconfigurationtasks,including managingyourvirtualmachineinventoryanddatastores,andconfiguringglobal memory,snapshot,andvirtualmachinestartupandshutdownsettings.Italso describesWindowshostfeaturesforbackingupvirtualmachinesusingtheVolume ShadowCopyService(VSS)andloggingVMwareServereventsintheEventViewer.To performhostmanagementoperations,youmusthavetherequiredpermissions. Forinformationaboutmanagingindividualvirtualmachines,seeChapter 7,Running VirtualMachines,onpage 121. ForinformationaboutconfiguringVMwareServernetworking,seeChapter 11, ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork,onpage 211. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: ManagingtheVirtualMachineInventoryonpage 108 ManagingDatastoresonpage 110 EditingHostWideMemoryandSnapshotSettingsonpage 113 ConfiguringVirtualMachineStartupandShutdownSettingsonpage 115 EnablingQuiescedBackupsofVirtualMachinesonWindowsonpage 118
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To delete a virtual machine or remove it from the inventory 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. ClicktheVirtualMachinestab. Selectthevirtualmachinetodelete. Whenthevirtualmachineispoweredoff,theRemoveVirtualMachinecommand appearsintheCommandssectionoftheworkspace. 4 ClickRemoveVirtualMachine. Aconfirmationdialogboxappears. 5 (Optional)Todeleteallthevirtualmachinefilesfromdisk,selectDeletethis virtualmachinesfilesfromthedisk. IfyoudonotselectDeletethisvirtualmachinesfilesfromthedisk,thevirtual machineisremovedfromtheinventory,butallthevirtualmachinefilesremain intactonthedatastore. 6 ClickOK. Thevirtualmachineisdeletedorremovedfromtheinventory. YoucanalsodeleteavirtualmachineorremoveitfromtheinventoryfromtheVirtual Machinemenu.SeeDeletingaVirtualMachineonpage 130.
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Managing Datastores
Thissectiondescribeshowtoadd,rename,andremovedatastores.
Adding Datastores
AdatastoreisastoragelocationforVMwareServervirtualmachinefiles.Thestorage locationcanbethelocalfilesystem,aCIFSstore(Windowsonly),oranNFSmounted filesystem(Linuxonly).
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or
<server_name>\<username>
v vi
.
Renaming Datastores
Youcanrenameanexistingdatastore. To rename a datastore 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheDatastoressectionoftheSummarytab,clickthedatastoretorename. IntheCommandssectionoftheSummarytab,clickRenameDatastore.
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4 5
Removing Datastores
Ifyounolongerwanttoaccessadatastore,youcanremoveitfromVMwareServer. Beforeyoucanremoveadatastore,youmustremoveallvirtualmachinesinthe datastore. To remove a datastore 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheDatastoressectionoftheSummarytab,clickthedatastoretoremove. IntheCommandssectionoftheSummarytab,clickRemoveDatastore. Aconfirmationdialogboxappears. 4 ClickOKtoremovethedatastore. Thedatastorenolongerappearsinthelistofdatastores.
Refreshing Datastores
Whenyourefreshadatastore,VMwareServerupdatesthecapacityandfreespace available.Therefreshcommandallowsyoutoseechangesindiskcapacityandfree spacecausedbyoperationsperformeddirectlyonthehostsystem.Thesevaluesare automaticallyupdatedwhenyouperformVMwareServeroperationssuchascreating ordeletingavirtualmachine. To refresh a datastore 1 2 3 SelectthehostintheInventorypanel. IntheDatastoressectionoftheSummarytab,clickthedatastoretorefresh. IntheCommandssectionoftheSummarytab,clickRefreshDatastore. Thevaluesforcapacityandfreespaceareupdatedforthatdatastore.
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Customizing the Startup and Shutdown Settings for Individual Virtual Machines
Youcanoverridethesystemwidesettingsforthedelaybetweeneachvirtualmachines startupandshutdownforindividualvirtualmachines. Youcanchangethestartupsettingsforvirtualmachinesthatarestartedautomatically, butnotforvirtualmachinesthatarestartedmanually.Youcanchangetheshutdown settingsforanyvirtualmachine. To override system-wide settings for individual virtual machines 1 2 MakesurethatsystemwidesettingsareenabledasdescribedinEnabling SystemWideStartupandShutdownSettingsonpage 116. Selectthevirtualmachineforwhichyouwanttooverridethesystemsettingsand clickEdit.
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ClickOK.
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ForWindowsServer2003guestsystems,theVSSWriterusesapplicationVSSwriters sothattheVSSsnapshotisapplicationconsistent.Thesnapshotrepresentstheentire stateoftheVSSawareapplicationsregardlessoftheirbackuphistoryanddoesnot modifythebackuphistory. ForWindowsServer2008guestsystems,theVSSWriterdoesnotuseapplication writersand,asaresult,thesnapshotisfilesystemconsistent. NOTEVMwareServerallowsonesnapshotforeachvirtualmachine.Ifasnapshot exists,theVSSwriterdoesnotquiescethevirtualmachines,unlessyouoverridethis defaultbehavior. To enable and disable quiesced backups for virtual machines 1 (Optional)ToallowtheVSSWritertooverwriteanexistingsnapshot: a b Createthefilevmvsswriter.cfgintheVMwareServerinstallationdirectory, typicallyC:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server. Addthefollowingparametertothevmvsswriter.cfgfiletospecifythatan existingsnapshotcanbeoverwrittensovirtualmachinescanbequiesced beforebackup:
vmwriter.overwriteSnapshots = "TRUE"
IfsettoTRUE,anyexistingsnapshotsareoverwrittenwithoutwarning,and thevirtualmachinesarebackedupusingquiescedsnapshots. Ifnotset,orsettoFALSE,thevirtualmachinesarenotquiescedifasnapshot existswhenthebackupistaken. 2 StarttheVMwareVSSWriterServiceusingtheWindowsServicescontrolpanel. TheuserrunningtheVSSWriterServicemusthavepermissiontoperform administrativetasksonvirtualmachines,suchascreatingsnapshots.Theuser mustalsobeabletowritetothevirtualmachinediskfiledirectory.Youcanverify orchangetheusernameandpasswordintheLogOntabofthePropertiesdialog boxfortheVSSWriterService. YoumustrestarttheVSSWriterServiceanytimeyoumakechangestothe vmvsswriter.cfgfile.
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To restore a virtual machine from a quiesced backup 1 2 Makesurethatthevirtualmachinesyouwanttorestorearepoweredoff. Dooneofthefollowing: Usethebackupsoftwaretorestorethevirtualmachines. Restoreanindividualvirtualmachinebyrevertingtothesnapshot.For informationaboutrevertingtoasnapshot,seeRevertingtoaSnapshoton page 199.
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AfteryouhaveinstalledVMwareServer,createdavirtualmachine,andinstalleda guestoperatingsystemandVMwareTools,youarereadytorunyourvirtualmachine. Toperformvirtualmachineoperations,youmusthavetherequiredpermissions.Many configurationmodificationsaredisabledwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon. NOTETheonlytasksVIWebAccesscanperformonhardwareversion3virtual machinesarepoweroperationsandupgrade. Thischapterdescribesthemostcommontaskstomanageandusevirtualmachinesand includesthefollowingtopics: RunningVMwareToolsonpage 122 ChangingthePowerStateofaVirtualMachineonpage 122 ChangingVirtualMachinePowerSettingsonpage 125 ChangingVirtualMachineNameandGuestSystemSettingsonpage 124 ChangingVirtualMachineSnapshotSettingsonpage 126 ChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingsonpage 127 DeletingaVirtualMachineonpage 130 UsingVMwareRemoteConsoleonpage 130 GeneratingandSharingVirtualMachineShortcutsonpage 133 EditingNotesintheVirtualMachineSummaryTabonpage 135 EditingtheHardwareConfigurationofaVirtualMachineonpage 135
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OnWindowsguests,iftheVMwareToolsiconincludesayellowcautionicon,an updateisavailable.Toperformtheupdate,doubleclicktheicon,andclicktheUpdate buttonontheOptionstabthatappears. IftheVMwareToolsiconappearswitharedcircleandslashoverit,theVMwareTools serviceisnotrunning.Tostarttheservice,selectRunfromtheWindowsStartmenu, andenterservices.msc.Inthewindowthatappears,starttheservicecalled VMware ToolsService. IftheVMwareToolsicondoesnotappearinthenotificationareaoftheWindows gueststaskbar,usetheVMwareToolscontrolpanelintheguesttodisplayit.See UsingtheWindowsControlPaneltoDisplaytheTaskbarIcononpage 92. TochangeotherVMwareToolsproperties,seeUsingtheVMwareToolsControl Panelonpage 91.Formoreinformationabouttheproperties,clickHelp.
NOTEShuttingdownorrestartingaguestoperatingsystemworksonlywhen VMwareToolsisinstalled.Otherwise,thepoweristurnedofforthevirtualmachineis resetexactlyasifyouhadpushedthepowerorresetbuttononaphysicalmachine.For informationaboutinstallingVMwareTools,seeChapter 5,InstallingandUsing VMwareTools,onpage 73.ForinformationabouthowtouseVMwareToolsscripts toaffectpowerstatebehavior,seeChangingVirtualMachinePowerSettingsonpage 125 andHowVMwareToolsScriptsAffectPowerStatesonpage 97.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandreturntotheSummarytab.
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To change virtual machine runtime settings 1 2 3 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClickAdvanced. IntheSettingssection,selectanoption: RecordruntimeinformationWhenselected,youcanselectoneofthe following: DebugginginformationCollectsdebugginginformation.Youcan providethisinformationtoVMwaresupporttotroubleshootany problemsyouareexperiencing. StatisticsinformationCollectsperformancestatistics.Youcanprovide thisinformationtoVMwaresupporttotroubleshootperformance problems. OnWindowshosts,thefilesarestoredinthedirectory <%ALLUSERSPROFILE%>\VMware\VMware Server\hostd\stats. OnLinuxhostsystems,thefilesarestoredinthedirectory /var/log/vmware. EnableloggingEnablesloggingforthevirtualmachine.Youcanprovide thistoVMwaresupporttotroubleshootanyproblemsyouareexperiencing. VMwarerecommendsthatyoukeeploggingenabled.Thereisminimal overheadforthislogging. DisableaccelerationDisablesaccelerationinthevirtualmachine.Itis sometimesnecessarytotemporarilydisableaccelerationinavirtualmachine toresolveproblemswithaguestoperatingsystemapplicationthatcrashesor seemstohangorreportsthatitisrunningunderadebugger.Usuallyitis possibletoreenableaccelerationafterinstallingorstartingtheapplication. SupportVMIParavirtualizationIfyouhaveaVMwareVMI3.0enabled kernelinaLinuxguestoperatingsystem,youcanenableVMI paravirtualizationsupporttoimproveperformanceinthevirtualmachine. AvailableVMIenabledkernelsincludeUbuntu7.04(Feisty)orlater. Usethestandardimagefor32bitIntelx86systems.VMIcurrentlysupports only32bitguests. Formoreinformationaboutparavirtualization,see: http://www.vmware.com/interfaces/paravirtualization.html
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To add a parameter to the virtual machine configuration file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClickAdvanced. IntheConfigurationParameterssection,clickAddNewEntry. EnterthenameoftheparameterintheNametextbox. EnterthevaluefortheparameterintheValuetextbox. ClickOK. ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandreturntotheSummarytab.
To edit a parameter in the virtual machine configuration file 1 2 3 4 5 6 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,clickConfigure VM. ClickAdvanced. IntheConfigurationParameterssection,selecttheparameterandclickEdit. EnterthenewvaluefortheparameterintheValuetextbox. ClickOK. ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandreturntotheSummarytab.
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To reduce the VMware Remote Console display so it is running in a window Clicktherestorebuttononthetoolbar. To return to a window if the mouse pointer is not available PressCtrl+Alt.
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NOTETotestaWebshortcut,useadifferentbrowserorcomputer.Ifyouuseyour activeVI WebAccessbrowsersessiontotesttheWebshortcut,allinstancesofthat browsermustbeclosedbeforeyoucanlogbackintoVI WebAccesswithfulluser interfacecapabilities. To create a virtual machine Web shortcut 1 2 3 4 SelectthevirtualmachinefromwhichtogenerateaWebshortcutintheInventory panel. IntheStatussectionoftheSummarytab,clickGenerateVirtualMachine Shortcut. IntheWebShortcutsection,asampleURLisdisplayed. (Optional)ExpandCustomizeWebShortcuttoselecttheuserinterfacefeatures: SelectLimitworkspaceviewtotheconsoletoprovideaccesstotheConsole tabwhilehidingotherdetailslikeeventlogs. SelectLimitviewtoasinglevirtualmachinetodisableinventorynavigation. SelectObfuscatethisURLtogenerateaURLthatobscurestheconnection information. 5 6 CopytheWebshortcutforfutureuse. ClickOKtoreturntotheSummarytab.
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To create a VMware Remote Console desktop shortcut 1 2 3 4 Selectthevirtualmachinefromwhichtogenerateadesktopshortcutinthe Inventorypanel. IntheStatussectionoftheSummarytab,clickGenerateVirtualMachine Shortcut. IntheDesktopShortcutsection,clickInstallDesktopShortcutto <Virtual Machine>. Confirmthatyouwanttocreatetheshortcutwhenprompted. Theshortcutiscreatedonthedesktop. 5 ClickOKtoreturntotheSummarytab.
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MemoryForinformationaboutoptimalvirtualmachinememoryallocation,see AllocatingMemorytoaVirtualMachineonpage 277.Forinformationabout howtoeditmemoryallocationforavirtualmachine,seeEditingVirtualMachine Memoryonpage 277. HardDisksForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforanexistinghard disk,seeEditingaVirtualHardDiskonpage 145.Forinformationabout removingaharddisk,seeRemovingaHardDiskfromaVirtualMachineon page 146. NetworkAdaptersForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforanexisting virtualnetworkadapter,seeEditingaVirtualNetworkAdapteronpage 224. CD/DVDDrivesForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforanexisting CD/DVDdrive,seeEditingaVirtualCD/DVDDriveonpage 152.For informationaboutremovingaCD/DVDdrive,seeRemovingaCD/DVDDrive fromaVirtualMachineonpage 153. FloppyDrivesForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforanexisting CD/DVDdrive,seeEditingaVirtualFloppyDriveonpage 155.Forinformation aboutremovingafloppydrive,seeRemovingaFloppyDrivefromaVirtual Machineonpage 156. Passthrough(Generic)SCSIDevicesForinformationaboutchangingthe settingsforanexistingpassthroughSCSIdevice,seeEditingaVirtual Passthrough(Generic)SCSIDeviceonpage 158.Forinformationaboutremoving apassthroughSCSIdevice,seeRemovingaPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevice fromaVirtualMachineonpage 158. USBControllerForinformationaboutconfiguringUSBdevices,see ConfiguringUSBControllersandDevicesonpage 159.Forinformationabout removingaUSBcontroller,seeRemovingaUSBControllerfromaVirtual Machineonpage 160. SoundAdapterForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforasound adapter,seeEditingaVirtualSoundAdapteronpage 165.Forinformation aboutremovingasoundadapter,seeRemovingaSoundAdapterfromaVirtual Machineonpage 166. SerialPortsForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforserialports,see EditingaVirtualSerialPortonpage 169.Forinformationaboutremovinga serialport,seeRemovingaSerialPortfromaVirtualMachineonpage 170. ParallelPortsForinformationaboutchangingthesettingsforparallelports,see EditingaVirtualParallelPortonpage 178.Forinformationaboutremovinga parallelport,seeRemovingaParallelPortfromaVirtualMachineonpage 179.
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OntheReadytoCompletepage,dooneofthefollowing: ClickBackornavigateusingthePagespaneltomakechanges. Ifyouwanttopoweronthevirtualmachineimmediatelyafteraddingthenew hardware,selectPoweronyourvirtualmachinenow. ExpandMoreHardwaretoaddmorevirtualhardwaretothevirtualmachine beforeyoufinish. Eachtimeyoufinishaddinganewdevice,youreturntotheReadyto Completepage. ClickFinishtocreatethevirtualmachinewiththelistedhardware. Thewizardaddsthehardwaretoyourvirtualmachine.
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OnLinux,vmrunisinthedirectoryforVIXAPIbinaryfiles,typically/usr/bin. BeforeusingthevmruncommandonaWindowshost,youmustdooneofthe following: ChangeyourworkingdirectorytotheVMwareServerdirectory.Thedefault locationis: c:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server AddtheVMwareVIXdirectorytothesystempath.OnWindows2000Server, youcanchangethissettingfromtheWindowscontrolpanel: ControlPanel>System>Advanced>EnvironmentVariables> System variables>Path VMCISocketsinterface ThisfeatureisasocketsinterfacefortheVirtual MachineCommunicationInterface,whichprovidesafastermeansof communicationamongapplicationsrunningonthehostandinvirtualmachines. Thisfeatureiswellsuitedfordeveloperswhowanttowriteclientserver applications.Formoreinformation,seetheVMCISocketsProgrammingGuide. Toallowavirtualmachinetocommunicatewithothervirtualmachinesand applicationsonthehost,youmustaddthevmci0.unrestricted configuration fileparameterandsetittoTRUE,asdescribedinChangingVirtualMachine AdvancedSettingsonpage 127.Ifvmci0.unrestrictedisnotsetorsetto FALSE,thevirtualmachinecannotcommunicatewithothervirtualmachinesor applicationsonthehost.
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Thischapterdescribeshowtousevariousdeviceswithavirtualmachineandincludes thefollowingtopics: ConfiguringHardDisksonpage 141 ConfiguringCD/DVDDrivesonpage 150 ConfiguringFloppyDrivesonpage 154 ConfiguringPassthrough(Generic)SCSIDevicesonpage 156 ConfiguringSCSIControllersonpage 159 ConfiguringUSBControllersandDevicesonpage 159 ConfiguringSoundonpage 164 ConfiguringSerialPortsonpage 166 ConfiguringParallelPortsonpage 177 KeyboardMappingonLinuxHostsonpage 184
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Ifyouhaveasnapshot,youmustremoveitbeforeyoucanchangethediskmodewhen youeditavirtualdisk.SeeRemovingaSnapshotonpage 199. IfyouselectIndependentMode,alsoselectoneofthefollowing: PersistentDisksinpersistentmodebehavelikeconventionaldisksonyour physicalcomputer.Alldatawrittentoadiskinpersistentmodearewritten permanentlytothedisk. NonpersistentChangestodisksinnonpersistentmodearediscardedwhenyou powerofforresetthevirtualmachine.Nonpersistentmodeenablesyoutorestart thevirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskinthesamestateeverytime.Changestothe diskareactuallywrittentoandreadfromaredologfilethatisdeletedwhenyou powerofforreset.
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Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard. Thewizardcreatesthenewvirtualdisk.
Thevirtualdiskappearstoyourguestoperatingsystemasanewblankharddisk.Use theguestoperatingsystemsutilitiestopartitionandformatthenewdisk.
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Ifyouhaveasnapshot,youmustremoveitbeforeyoucanchangethedisk capacity.YoucanonlychangethediskcapacityforSCSIvirtualdisks.Thevirtual machinemustbepoweredoff. SeeDiskCapacitySettingonpage 142. 5 (Optional)IntheVirtualDeviceNodesection,selectanadapteranddevicenode fromthedropdownmenus. SeeDeviceTypeandNodeSettingsonpage 143. 6 (Optional)IntheDiskModesection,selectwhetherornottorunthediskin IndependentMode.Anindependentdiskcanbepersistentornonpersistent. DisksinIndependentModearenotaffectedbysnapshots. Ifyouhaveasnapshot,youmustremoveittochangethediskmode.See RemovingaSnapshotonpage 199. AlsoseeDiskModeSettingsonpage 142. 7 (Optional)InthePoliciessection,selectthewritecachingpolicyforthedisk. SeeDiskWriteCachingPolicySettingonpage 143. 8 ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
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Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime.
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Thediskspaceisnotpreallocatedforthevirtualdisk.Ifthediskspaceis preallocated,youcannotshrinkthedisk.(ClicktheharddiskandselectEditto determinehowdiskspaceisallocated.) Thevirtualmachinedoesnothaveasnapshot.Toremoveanexistingsnapshot,see RemovingaSnapshotonpage 199. Ifthevirtualdiskisanindependentdisk,itmustbepersistent.SeeDiskMode Settingsonpage 142. NOTETheshrinkprocessappliestoallvirtualdisks,evenifyoudonotprepareallthe virtualdisksinavirtualmachineforshrinking. To shrink a virtual disk 1 LaunchtheVMwareToolscontrolpanel: ForaWindowsguest,doubleclicktheVMwareToolsiconinthenotification areaofthetaskbar. Iftheiconisnotavailable,selectStart>Settings>ControlPanel,and doubleclickVMwareTools. ForaLinux,Solaris,orFreeBSDguest,openaterminalwindow,becomeroot, andrunvmware-toolbox. Ifyoushrinkdisksasanonrootuser,youcannotwipethepartsofthevirtual diskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions. 2 IntheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,clicktheShrinktab. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnotallowshrinking,theShrinktabshowsthereason. 3 SelectthevirtualdiskstoshrinkandclickPreparetoShrink. Ifyoudeselectsomepartitions,thewholediskisstillshrunk.However,those partitionsarenotwipedforshrinking,andtheshrinkprocessdoesnotreducethe sizeofthevirtualdiskasmuchasitwouldwithallpartitionsselected. VMwareToolsreclaimsallunusedportionsofdiskpartitions(suchasdeletedfiles) andpreparesthemforshrinking.Duringthisphase,youcanstillinteractwiththe virtualmachine. WhenVMwareToolsfinisheswipingtheselecteddiskpartitions,apromptto shrinkthedisksappears.
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ClickYes. Shrinkingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime.
ClickOK.
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(Optional)Tohavethedriveconnecttothevirtualmachinewhenyoupoweron, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault).
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ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings.
Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
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IntheConnectionsection,selectPhysicalDriveorISOImage. IfyouselectPhysicalDrive,selectthedrivetouseandselectoneofthe following: ATAPIEmulationSelectiftheguestoperatingsystemdoesnotwork correctlywhencommunicatingdirectlywiththeCD/DVDdrive.For moreinformation,seeUsingATAPIEmulationforCD/DVDDriveson page 150. AccessthedrivedirectlySelecttohavetheguestoperatingsystem communicatedirectlywiththeCD/DVDdrive.Formoreinformation,see AccessingtheCD/DVDDriveDirectlyonpage 151. IfyouselectISOImage,clickBrowsetonavigatetoafilewiththe.iso extensioninanexistingdatastore.ToentertheISOpathmanually,youmust usetheformat:
[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename.iso
ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
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(Optional)Tohavethedriveconnecttothevirtualmachinewhenyoupoweron, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault).
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ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings.
Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
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WhentheUSBdeviceisconnectedtothevirtualmachine,itappearsasselectedinthe toolbarmenu.
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TheUSBdevicereturnstothedeselectedstateinthetoolbarmenu.
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DonotattempttoaddaUSBdrivesdevicenode(forexample,/dev/sda)directoryto thevirtualmachineasaharddisk.
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Device Control on a Linux Host OnLinuxhosts,guestoperatingsystemscanusedevicesthatarenotalreadyinuseby thehost(devicesthatarenotclaimedbyahostoperatingsystemdriver). Ifyourdeviceisinusebythehost,youcanunloadthedevicedrivermanuallyasroot (su -)byusingthermmodcommand.Or,ifthedriverwasautomaticallyloadedby hotplug,youcandisableitinthehotplugconfigurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplug directory.SeeyourLinuxdistributionsdocumentationfordetailsoneditingthese configurationfiles. Sometimesdevicesthatrelyonautomaticconnection(asPDAsoftendo)experience connectionproblems.Ifyouhavesuccessfullyusedautoconnectiontoconnectthe devicetoyourvirtualmachinebutlaterexperienceproblemswiththeconnectiontothe device,trythefollowingprocedure. To correct autoconnection problems 1 2 Disconnectandreconnectthedevicebyunpluggingitphysicallyandpluggingit backin. Ifyouseeadialogboxwarningthatthedeviceisinuse,disableitinthehotplug configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory.
Configuring Sound
VMwareServerprovidesasounddevicecompatiblewiththeCreativeLabsSound BlasterAudioPCIadapterandsupportssoundinavarietyofWindowsandLinuxguest operatingsystems. SoundsupportincludesPCM(pulsecodemodulation)outputandinput.Forexample, youcanplay.wavfiles,MP3audio,andRealMediaaudio.MIDIoutputfromWindows guestsissupportedthroughtheWindowssoftwaresynthesizer.MIDIinputisnot supported,andnoMIDIsupportisavailableforLinuxguests.
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Windows2000,WindowsXP,andmostrecentLinuxdistributionsautomaticallydetect thesounddeviceandinstallappropriatedriversforit. WhenyouinstallVMwareToolsina64bitWindowsVistaguestoperatingsystem,a sounddriverisinstalled.For32bitWindowsVistaguestsandWindows2003Server guests,useWindowsUpdatetoinstalla32bitdriver.Windows95,Windows98, Windows98SE,andWindowsNT4.0donothavedriversfortheSoundBlaster AudioPCIadapter.Tousesoundintheseguestoperatingsystems,downloadthedriver fromtheCreativeLabsWebsite(www.creative.com)andinstallitintheguest operatingsystem.CreativeLabshasanumberofWebsitesservingvariousregionsof theworld.Theadapternamevaries,dependingontheregion,butusuallyincludes PCI 128.
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To add a physical serial port to the virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 4 5 ClickUsePhysicalSerialPorttoconnecttoaphysicalportonthehostmachine. OnthePropertiespage,selectaphysicalportfromthedropdownmenu. (Optional)Toconnecttothehostsserialportwhenthevirtualmachineispowered on,selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176. 6 ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings. 7 Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
To add an output file serial port to the virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 ClickUseOutputFiletosendtheoutputofanapplicationrunningintheguest systemtoafileonthehostsystem. OnthePropertiespage,enterthepathandfilenamefortheoutputfileorclick Browsetonavigatetoafileinanexistingdatastore.Toenterthepathmanually, youmustusetheformat:[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename (Optional)Toconnecttothehostsoutputfilewhenthevirtualmachineispowered on,selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176.
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ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings.
Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
To add a named pipe serial port to the virtual machine 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 ClickUseNamedPipetoconnectthisvirtualmachinetoanapplicationoranother virtualmachinerunningonthehostmachine. OnthePropertiespage,enterthepathandfilenameforthepipe.Dependingonthe hostsystem,enteroneofthefollowing: OnWindowshosts:Thepipenamemustbeintheformat \\.\pipe\<namedpipe>.Thenamemustbeginwith\\.\pipe\. OnLinuxhosts:Thepipenamemustbe/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX socketnameofyourchoice. 4 ForNearEnd,selectwhethertheapplicationrunningintheguestoperating systemwillfunctionasaserveroraclient. SelectIsaservertostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst. SelectIsaclienttostartthefarendoftheconnectionfirst. 5 ForFarEnd,specifywheretheapplicationthatthevirtualmachinewillconnectto islocated. SelectIsavirtualmachineiftheapplicationthatthevirtualmachinewill connecttoislocatedonanothervirtualmachineonthehostsystem. SelectIsanapplicationiftheapplicationthatthevirtualmachinewillconnect toisrunningdirectlyonthehostsystem. 6 7 (Optional)Toconnecttothenamedpipewhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176.
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ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings.
Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
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To connect a virtual serial port and an application on the host 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 ClickUseNamedPipe. OnthePropertiespage,enterthepathandfilenameforthepipe.Dependingonthe hostsystem,enteroneofthefollowing: OnWindowshosts:Thepipenamemustbeintheformat \\.\pipe\<namedpipe>.Thenamemustbeginwith\\.\pipe\. OnLinuxhosts:Thepipenamemustbe/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX socketnameofyourchoice. 4 FortheNearEnd,selectIsaserverorIsaclient. SelectIsaserverifyouplantostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst. 5 6 7 FortheFarEnd,selectIsanapplication. (Optional)Toconnecttothenamedpipewhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176. 8 ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings. 9 10 Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard. Onyourhostsystem,configuretheapplicationthatcommunicateswiththevirtual machinetousethesamepipename(foraWindowshost)ortheUNIXsocketname (foraLinuxhost). Poweronthevirtualmachine.
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To set up the client side of the connection 1 FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickSerialPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 2 3 ClickUseNamedPipe. OnthePropertiespage,enterthepathandfilenameforthepipe.Dependingonthe hostsystem,enteroneofthefollowing: OnWindowshosts:Thepipenamemustbeintheformat \\.\pipe\<namedpipe>.Thenamemustbeginwith\\.\pipe\. OnLinuxhosts:Thepipenamemustbe/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX socketnameofyourchoice. 4 5 6 7 SelectThisendistheclient. SelectTheotherendisavirtualmachine. (Optional)Toconnecttothenamedpipewhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon, selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). (Optional)ExpandI/OModetoselectYieldCPUonpoll,whichisdeselectedby default. Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode.Formoreinformation,seeYieldingCPUonPolltoImprove PerformanceWhenDebuggingonpage 176. 8 ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings. 9 10 Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard. Poweronthevirtualmachine.
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Atthecommandpromptonthehostsystem,dooneofthefollowing: IfyouareusingWinDbg,enterthefollowing:
windbg -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe
IfyouareusingKD,enterthefollowing:
kd -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe
PressEntertostartdebugging.
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When you are ready to continue, complete the following steps: 1 2 3 Poweronbothvirtualmachines. Makesurethattheserialportisconnected. Inthedebuggervirtualmachine,startdebuggingwithWinDbgorKD.
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Thevalueisapositiveintegerthatspecifiesthetimetakentotransmita character,expressedasapercentageofthedefaultspeedsetfortheserialport intheguestoperatingsystem.Forexample,asettingof200forcestheportto taketwiceaslongpercharacter,orsenddataathalfthedefaultspeed.A settingof50forcestheporttotakehalfaslongpercharacter,orsenddataat twicethedefaultspeed. Tosettheserialportspeedappropriatelyintheguestoperatingsystem, experimentwiththissetting.Startwithavalueof100andgraduallydecrease ituntilyoufindthehighestspeedatwhichyourconnectionworksreliably. 4 Poweronthevirtualmachine.
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To add an output file parallel port to the virtual machine 1 2 SelectthevirtualmachineintheInventorypanel. FromtheAddHardwareorNewVirtualMachinewizard,clickParallelPort. ForinformationabouthowtostarttheAddHardwarewizard,seeAdding HardwaretoaVirtualMachineonpage 137. 3 4 ClickOutputfile. OnthePropertiespage,typethepathandfilenamefortheoutputfileorclick Browsetonavigatetoafileinanexistingdatastore.Toenterthepathmanually, youmustusetheformat:[ datastore_name ] path_and_filename (Optional)Toconnecttothehostsserialportwhenthevirtualmachineispowered on,selectConnectatpoweron(thedefault). ClickNext. TheReadytoCompletepagedisplaysthehardwaresettings. 7 Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
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Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,enterthiscommand:
insmod parport_pc
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Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthefollowingcommandastherootusertoremove it:
rmmod lp
Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thefollowinglinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethiscommand:
insmod parport_pc
Ifyoucontinuetohaveproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisloaded.Ifit is,thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.
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Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthiscommandastherootusertoremoveit:
rmmod lp
Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thislinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
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Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add thislinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
Device Permissions
SomeLinuxdistributionsdonotgrantthevirtualmachineaccesstothelpand parportdevicesbydefault.Inmostofthesecases,theownerofthedeviceisrootand theassociatedgroupislp.ToallowtheVMwareusertoaccessthedevice,addtheuser totheassociatedgroup.Toviewtheownerandgroupofthedevice,runthiscommand:
ls la /dev/parport0
Thenexttimetheuserlogsontothehost,thechangestakeeffect.
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IfyouareusinganXFree86serverrunninglocally,andthekeyboarddoesnotwork correctly,reporttheproblemtoVMwaretechnicalsupport.
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Table 8-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol R T Y U I O P [ ] Enter Ctrl A S D F G H J K L ; ` Shift \ Z X C V | left left { } Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x013 0x014 0x015 0x016 0x017 0x018 0x019 0x01a 0x01b 0x01c 0x01d 0x01e 0x01f 0x020 0x021 0x022 0x023 0x024 0x025 0x026 0x027 0x028 0x029 0x02a 0x02b 0x02c 0x02d 0x02e 0x02f
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Table 8-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol B N M , . / Shift * Alt Spacebar CapsLock F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 NumLock ScrollLock Home Uparrow PgUp Leftarrow 5 4 7 8 9 numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad < > ? right numericpad left Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code 0x030 0x031 0x032 0x033 0x034 0x035 0x036 0x037 0x038 0x039 0x03a 0x03b 0x03c 0x03d 0x03e 0x03f 0x040 0x041 0x042 0x043 0x044 0x045 0x046 0x047 0x048 0x049 0x04a 0x04b 0x04c
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Table 8-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol Rightarrow + End Downarrow PgDn Ins Del F11 F12 Break Enter Ctrl / SysRq Alt Home Uparrow PageUp Leftarrow Rightarrow End Downarrow PageDown Insert Delete Windows Windows Menu PrintScrn right functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad left right Pause numericpad right numericpad 1 2 3 0 Shifted Symbol 6 Location numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad V-Scan Code 0x04d 0x04e 0x04f 0x050 0x051 0x052 0x053 0x057 0x058 0x100 0x11c 0x11d 0x135 0x137 0x138 0x147 0x148 0x149 0x14b 0x14d 0x14f 0x150 0x151 0x152 0x153 0x15b 0x15c 0x15d
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Using Snapshots
Snapshotsallowyoutopreservethestateofthevirtualmachinesoyoucanreturnto thesamestaterepeatedly.Forexample,youmightusesnapshotstotestsoftware.You cantakeasnapshotbeforeinstallingdifferentversionsofanapplicationtoensurethat eachtestinstallationbeginsfromtheidenticalbaseline. Tosavethecurrentstateofyourvirtualmachinetemporarily,seeSuspendingand ResumingVirtualMachinesonpage 193.
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Taking a Snapshot
Youcantakeasnapshotwhileavirtualmachineispoweredon,poweredoff,or suspended.Ifyouaresuspendingavirtualmachine,waituntilthesuspendoperation hasfinishedbeforetakingasnapshot.AsdescribedinActivitiesThatConflictwith Snapshotsonpage 196,donottakeasnapshotwhenthevirtualmachineis communicatingwithanothercomputer. NOTEIfyouruseofvirtualmachinesisstronglyperformanceoriented,consider defragmentingtheguestoperatingsystemsdrivesbeforetakingasnapshot.Usethe guestoperatingsystemsdefragmentationutility.SeeVirtualDiskMaintenanceTasks onpage 147. To take a snapshot 1 2 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,expandthe Snapshotcommand(ifnotalreadyexpanded)andclickTakeSnapshot. Ifasnapshotalreadyexists,adialogboxasksyouifyouwanttooverwritethe existingsnapshot.Ifyouwanttooverwriteit,clickYes. Anewsnapshotiscreated.
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Reverting to a Snapshot
Youcanrestorethevirtualmachinetothepointintimethatasnapshotwastaken.The currentdisk,settings,andmemorystatesarediscarded,andthevirtualmachinereverts tothedisk,settings,andmemorystatesofthesnapshot.SeeWhatIsCapturedbya Snapshotonpage 196. To revert to a snapshot 1 2 IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,expandthe Snapshotcommand(ifnotalreadyexpanded)andclickReverttoSnapshot. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoreverttothesnapshot.Ifyou wanttoreverttothesnapshot,clickYes.
Removing a Snapshot
Removingthesnapshotwritesthecontentsofthesnapshottothevirtualdisk.This actiondoesnotdestroyanydatainthevirtualmachine.Movingforward,anychanges youmakeasyourunthevirtualmachinearewrittentothevirtualdisk.Youcannot reverttoapreviousstatebecausethesnapshotnolongerexists. Removingasnapshotwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredoffcantakealongtime, dependingonthesizeofthesnapshotfile. To remove the snapshot 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. IntheCommandssectionofthevirtualmachinesSummarytab,expandthe Snapshotcommand(ifnotalreadyexpanded)andclickRemoveSnapshot. Adialogboxasksyoutoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethesnapshot.Ifyou wanttoremoveit,clickYes. Thesnapshotisremoved.
Locking a Snapshot
Lockingthecurrentsnapshotpreventsitfrombeingoverwritten.Youcanlocka snapshotafterithasbeentaken.SeeLockingtheSnapshotonpage 126.
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ThischapterdescribeshowtomanageaccesstoVMwareServerusingrolesand permissions.VMwareServerauthenticatesusersbasedontheloginusernameand passwordcombination.RolesassignedtousersonVMwareServerobjectsdetermine whatactionsuserscanperformonthoseobjects. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: AccessElementsonpage 201 ManagingUsersonpage 203 ManagingGroupsonpage 203 ManagingRolesonpage 203 ManagingPermissionsonpage 206 RulesforPermissionPropagationonpage 208
Access Elements
AccesstoVMwareServerobjectsandactionsisdeterminedbasedonthefollowing: LogininformationUsernameandpassword. Usersarecreatedandmanagedusingthemechanismsprovidedbythehost operatingsystem.
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GroupMembershipAgroupiscollectionofusers.Ausercanbeamemberof oneormoregroups. Groupsprovideaconvenientwaytomanageacollectionofusers.Groupsare createdandmanagedusingthemechanismsprovidedbythehostoperating system. PrivilegesAprivilegeisarighttoperformanindividualactiononanobjector categoryofobjects. Forexample,theabilitytopoweronavirtualmachineisaprivilege,inthecategory ofinteractionswiththevirtualmachineobject.Thisprivilegeistypicallygrouped inarolewithotherpoweroperationsonvirtualmachines.Foracompletelistof availableprivileges,organizedforconveniencebycategory,seeAppendix A, DefinedPrivileges,onpage 299.Privilegescannotbemodified. RolesAroleisanamedcollectionofprivileges.Rolescanbeassignedtousers andgroupsonanobjectorcategoryofobjects. Rolescontroluserandgroupaccesstoobjects.VMware Serverprovidessystem roles,listedinTable 101,SystemRoles,onpage 204.Youcanalsocreateand manageuserdefinedroles. PermissionsApermissionisarulethatdeterminesaccesscontrol.Itspecifies whichrole(collectionofprivileges)isassignedtoauserorgrouponanobjector categoryofobjects. Theroleandauserorgroupnamemakeapair.Thispairisassignedtoan inventoryobject.Youcanchoosewhetherornotthepermissionispropagatedto thechildobjectsintheinventoryhierarchy. Figure 10-1. Permission
user group
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Managing Users
AuserisanindividualauthorizedtologintoVMwareServer.Userscanaccess VMwareServerusingVIWebAccess,thevmruncommand,theVIXAPI,ora thirdpartyclient. Tocreate,remove,ormodifyusersonaVMwareServersystem,usethemechanisms providedbythehostoperatingsystem.UsersremovedfromaVMwareServerhostlose accesstoallVMwareServerobjectsandarenotabletologonagain.Usersthatare loggedinwhentheyareremovedfromthehostretaintheirVMwareServer permissionsonlyuntilthenextvalidationperiod(thedefaultisevery24hours). VIWebAccessdisplaysalistofexistingusersthatyoucanselectfromwhenyou configurepermissions.
Managing Groups
Agroupisacollectionofusersthatyouwanttomanagethroughacommonsetofrules. Youcanefficientlymanageusersthatrequirethesameprivilegesbycreatinggroups. Usinggroupscansignificantlyreducethetimeittakestoconfigureyourpermissions model. Tocreate,remove,ormodifygroupsonaVMwareServersystem,usethemechanisms providedbythehostoperatingsystem.Groupmembershipischeckedeachtimeauser logsin.ThegroupsareretrievedeitherfromtheWindowsdomain(forVMwareServer runningonWindows)orfromtheLinuxoperatingsystemgrouplist(forVMware ServerrunningonLinux).Removingagroupdoesnotaffectthepermissionsgranted individuallytotheusersinthatgroup,orthosegrantedaspartofinclusioninanother group. Whenyouassignaroletoagroup,itappliestoalltheusersinthegroup.VI WebAccess displaysalistofexistinggroupsthatyoucanselectfromwhenyouconfigure permissions.
Managing Roles
Aroleisanamedcollectionofprivileges.VMwareServergrantsaccesstoobjectsonly tousersthathaveprivilegesfortheobject.Bypairingauserorgroupwitharole,you granttheuserorgroupaccessrightstotheobject. VMwareServerprovidesbuiltinsystemroles.Theprivilegesassociatedwithsystem rolescannotbechanged.
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Creating Roles
Youcancreateuserdefinedrolesifyouhavesituationsthatrequireacombinationof accessprivilegesotherthanthosedefinedinthesystemroles. Youcanalsomodifyexistinguserdefinedrolestosuityourneeds.SeeEditingand RenamingRolesonpage 205. To create a role 1 2 FromtheVIWebAccessmenubar,selectAdministration>ManageRoles. Enteranamefortherole. Thereisnowaytoenteradescriptionfortherole.Adescriptionfortheroleis automaticallycreated,butitisidenticaltotherolename.Enteradescriptivename foreachroletohelpidentifyit. 3 4 InthePrivilegestree,selecttheprivilegestoincludeintherole.Expandthetreeas necessarytoviewtheprivilegesineachcategory. ClickOK. Theroleiscreated.
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Removing Roles
Whenyouremoveauserdefinedrole,thedefinitionisremovedfromthelistofroles. Whenyouremovearolethatisassignedtousersorgroups,youcanremoveallrole assignmentsorreplacethemwithanassignmenttoanotherrole. CAUTIONMakesurethatyouunderstandhowuserswillbeaffectedbeforeremoving roleassignmentsorreplacingthem. Systemrolescannotberemoved. To remove an existing role 1 2 3 FromtheVIWebAccessmenubar,selectAdministration>ManageRoles. IntheRoleslist,selecttheroleyouwanttoremove. ClickRemove.
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Managing Permissions
InVMwareServer,apermissionconsistsofauserorgroupsassignedrolefora VMwareServerobject,suchasavirtualmachine. Anewpermissioniscreatedbypairingauserorgroupandaroleandassigningthis pairtoaninventoryobject.Permissionsgrantuserstherighttoperformactionsonan objectorcategoryofobjects.Forexample,toconfigurememoryforVMware Server, youmusthavehostconfigurationpermissions. Allchangestakeeffectimmediately.Youdonotneedtologoutandloginforchanges topermissionstotakeeffect. NOTEBydefault,allusersthataremembersoftheAdministratorsgroupona Windowshostaregrantedthesameaccessrightsasanyuserassignedtothe Administratorrole.MembersoftheAdministratorsgroupcanloginasindividual usersandhavefullaccess.
Creating Permissions
YoucanassignsystemoruserdefinedrolestousersorgroupsonVMwareServer inventoryobjects. To create a permission 1 2 3 LogintoVIWebAccessasauserwithAdministratorprivileges. SelectahostorvirtualmachinefromtheInventorypanel,andclickthe Permissionstab. IntheCommandssection,clickNewPermission.
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Editing Permissions
Whenyoueditapermission,youcanchangetheroletopairwiththeuserorgroupand whetherthepermissionispropagatedtochildobjects. To edit the permission role for a user or group 1 2 3 4 5 ClickthehostsorvirtualmachinesPermissionstab. InthePermissionslist,selectthepermissionyouwanttomodify. IntheCommandssection,clickEditPermission. Selecttheuserorgrouptowhichyouwanttoassignaroleonthisobject. Selectaroletoassignfromthedropdownlist. Whenyouselectarole,theprivilegesgrantedwiththeroleareselectedinthe Privilegetreeforyourreference. 6 7 (Optional)Ifyouwanttoapplythepermissiontoallchildobjectsoftheselected inventoryobject,selectGrantthissetofpermissionstochildobjects. ClickOK. Thechangestothepermissionaresaved.
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Removing Permissions
Removingapermissionforauserorgroupdoesnotremovetheuserorgroup.Itdoes notremovetheroleeither.Itremovesthepairingoftheroleandtheuserorgroupfrom theselectedinventoryobject. To remove a permission for a user or group 1 2 3 4 ClickthehostsorvirtualmachinesPermissionstab. InthePermissionslist,selectthepermissionyouwanttoremove. IntheCommandssection,clickRemovePermission. ClickOKtoconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethepermission. Thepermissionisremoved.
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GroupAisassignedRole1onvirtualmachineVM. GroupBisassignedRole2onvirtualmachineVM. User1belongstogroupsAandB. User1isnotassignedindividualpermissions. Inthisexample,whenUser1logson,theusercanbothpoweronandtakesnapshots ofthevirtualmachine. Thefollowingexampleshowshowauserspermissionscanbelimitedbyoverriding grouppermissions: Rolesandgroupsaredefinedasinthepreviousexample. User1sreadonlypermissionisremovedonthevirtualmachine.(Readonly permissionisrequiredtopoweronavirtualmachine.) Inthisexample,User1canstilltakesnapshotsbutcannolongerpoweronthevirtual machine. Whensettingpermissions,verifythatusershavetheappropriateprivilegesforeach actiononeachobjectandcategoryofobjects.
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Thefirsttopicsinthischapterintroducethevirtualnetworkingcomponentsthat VMwareServerprovidesanddescribehowyoucanusethemwithyourvirtual machine.Therestofthechapterprovidesmoredetailonnetworkingcapabilitiesand specializedconfigurations. Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: NetworkBasicsonpage 212 ComponentsoftheVirtualNetworkonpage 213 CommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 215 ExampleCustomNetworkingConfigurationonpage 219 ChangingtheNetworkingConfigurationonpage 222 AdvancedNetworkingTopicsonpage 230 UnderstandingNATonpage 248 UsingSambaforFileSharingonaLinuxHostonpage 258 UsingtheVirtualNetworkEditoronpage 267
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Network Basics
VMwareServerprovidesmultiplewaysyoucanconfigureavirtualmachineforvirtual networking: BridgednetworkingConfiguresyourvirtualmachineasauniqueidentityon thenetwork,separatefromandunrelatedtoitshost.Othercomputersonthe networkcancommunicatedirectlywiththevirtualmachine.Bridgednetworking workswithEthernet,DSL,cable,wireless,andlegacyphonemodems.See BridgedNetworkingonpage 215. Networkaddresstranslation(NAT)Configuresyourvirtualmachinetoshare theIPandMACaddressesofthehost.Thevirtualmachinesharesthehostspublic networkidentity,andhasaprivateidentitythatisnotvisiblebeyondthehost.NAT canbeusefulwhenyouareallowedasingleIPaddressorMACaddressbyyour networkadministrator.YoumightalsouseNATtoconfigureseparatevirtual machinesforhandlingHTTPandFTPrequests,withbothvirtualmachines runningoffthesameIPaddressordomain. NATworkswithEthernet,DSL,andlegacyphonemodems.SeeNetwork AddressTranslation(NAT)onpage 216. HostonlynetworkingConfiguresyourvirtualmachinetoallownetwork accessonlytoaprivatenetworkonthehost.Withhostonlynetworking,the virtualmachinecancommunicateonlywiththehostandothervirtualmachinesin thehostonlynetwork.Thiscanbeusefulwhenyouwantasecurevirtualmachine thatisconnectedtothehostnetwork,butavailableonlythroughthehostmachine. Inthisconfiguration,thevirtualmachinecannotconnecttotheInternet.See HostOnlyNetworkingonpage 218. YoucansetupspecializedconfigurationsusingthevirtualnetworkeditoronWindows hostsandvmware-config.plonLinuxhosts.SeeExampleCustomNetworking Configurationonpage 219. OnaWindowshost,thesoftwareneededforbridged,NAT,andhostonlynetworking configurationsisinstalledwhenyouinstallVMwareServer.TheNewVirtualMachine wizardconnectsthevirtualmachinetothevirtualnetworkyouselect:thebridged VMnet0virtualnetwork(namedBridged)isthedefaultselection.Youcanlatersetup morespecializedconfigurationsbyconfiguringtheappropriatesettingsinthevirtual networkeditorandonyourhostcomputer.
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Bridged Networking
Bridgednetworkingconnectsavirtualmachinetoanetworkbyusingthehost computersnetworkadapter.IfyourhostcomputerisonanEthernetnetwork,thisis oftentheeasiestwaytogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothatnetwork.Thevirtual networkadapterinthevirtualmachineconnectstothephysicalnetworkadapterin yourhostcomputer,allowingittoconnecttotheLANusedbythehostcomputer. Bridgednetworkingmakesthevirtualmachinevisibletoothercomputersonthe network,andtheycancommunicatedirectlywiththevirtualmachine. Figure 11-1. Bridged Networking Setup
virtual network adapter
virtual machine
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virtual machine
DHCP server
NAT device
network
IfyouselectNAT,thevirtualmachinecanusemanystandardTCP/IPprotocolsto connecttoothermachinesontheexternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanuseHTTPto browseWebsites,FTPtotransferfiles,andTelnettologontoothercomputers.NAT alsoallowsyoutoconnecttoaTCP/IPnetworkusingaTokenRingadapteronthehost computer. InthedefaultNATconfiguration,computersontheexternalnetworkcannotinitiate connectionstothevirtualmachine.Thatmeans,forexample,thatthedefault configurationdoesnotletyouusethevirtualmachineasaWebservertosendWeb pagestocomputersontheexternalnetwork.Thisconfigurationhastheadvantageof protectingtheguestoperatingsystemfrombeingcompromisedbeforeyouhavea chancetoinstallsecuritysoftware.Forexample,itisoftenrecommendedthatfor Windowsguestoperatingsystems,youuseNATuntilyouinstallantivirussoftware.
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Host-Only Networking
Hostonlynetworkingcreatesanetworkthatiscompletelycontainedwithinthehost computer.Hostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthevirtual machineandthehostcomputer,usingahostnetworkadapterthatisvisibletothehost operatingsystem.Thisapproachcanbeusefulifyouneedtosetupanisolatedvirtual network. Figure 11-3. Host-Only Networking Setup
virtual network adapter
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DHCP server
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Inadditiontousingthedefaultbridgednetwork,VMnet0,thisconfigurationrequires youtoconfigureVMnet2andVMnet3hostonlyvirtualnetworks.Youwillalsocreate fourvirtualmachinesandinstalltheappropriateguestoperatingsystemsand applicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachineandmaketheappropriatenetworking settingschangesineachvirtualmachine. To set up a virtual network that connects to an external network 1 ConfigureVMnet2andVMnet3hostonlynetworks. OnWindows,usethevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu, selectPrograms>VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks)toaddhost virtualadaptersforVMnet2andVMnet3. Afteryoumakechangesusingthevirtualnetworkeditor,youmustrestart yournetworkusingtheRefreshNetworkSystemcommandintheHost SummarytabofVI WebAccess.Thenyoucanaddthesenetworkstovirtual machines. OnLinux,runvmware-config.pltoconfigureVMnet2andVMnet3 networks.Thescriptautomaticallyrefreshesthenetworkwhenitcompletes theconfigurationchanges.
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SetupfourvirtualmachinesusingtheNewVirtualMachinewizardasdescribed inChapter 4,CreatingandUpgradingVirtualMachines,onpage 59: a Createthefirstvirtualmachineusingthedefaultbridgednetwork(VMnet0), soitcanconnecttoanexternalnetworkwiththehostcomputersnetwork adapter.ThisvirtualmachineactsastheoutsidefirewallfortheDMZ,andis namedFW1inthisprocedure. Createtheotherthreevirtualmachineswithoutnetworking.Thevirtual machinewiththeWebServerisnamedWSinthisprocedure.Thevirtual machinethatactsasaninternalfirewallisnamedFW2inthisprocedure. Youwillsetuptheirvirtualnetworkadaptersinlatersteps. YouwillnotinstalltheoperatingsystemsuntilStep 8.
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DeterminethenetworkaddressesusedforVMnet2andVMnet3: OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrun:
ipconfig /all
Notethenetworkaddressesusedbyeachvirtualadapter. OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrun:
ifconfig
Notethenetworkaddressesusedbyeachvirtualswitch. 8 Poweroneachvirtualmachineinturnandinstalltheappropriateguestoperating system. NOTEOnaWindowshost,forStep 9,youarenotrequiredtoconfigurenetwork addressesmanually.YoucaninsteaduseVMwareServersDHCPserver.Inthe virtualnetworkeditorsDHCPtab,addVMnet2andVMnet3tothelistofvirtual networksservedbytheVMwareinternalDHCPserver. 9 Configurethenetworkingineachguestoperatingsystem: Machine1Forthebridgednetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,usethe networkingsettingsneededforaconnectiontotheexternalnetwork.Ifthe virtualmachinegetsitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserverontheexternal network,thedefaultsettingswillwork. Forthesecondnetworkadapterinvirtualmachine1,manuallyassignanIP addressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2. Machine2AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2. Machine3NetworkadaptersareconnectedtoVMnet2andVMnet3.Assign eachadapteranIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwiththevirtualnetwork towhichitisconnected. Machine4AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet3. 10 Installthenecessaryapplicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachine.
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Reviewtheconfigurationsummary,andclickFinishtocompletethewizard.
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YoucanrestricttherangeofchoicesusingtheoptionsontheAutomaticBridging tab. (VMnet1isthedefaultvirtualnetworkforhostonlynetworkingandVMnet8isthe defaultvirtualnetworkforNAT,iftheyareenabledinVMware Server.) 3 ToexcludeoneormorephysicalnetworkadaptersfromthelisttowhichVMnet0 canbebridged,clicktheAutomaticBridgingtab. Toexcludeanetworkadapter,clickAddtoaddittothelistofexcludeddevices. IntheChooseNetworkAdaptersdialogbox,selectthelistingfortheadapteryou wanttoexclude,andclickOK. Toremoveanadapterfromthelistofexcludedadapters,selectitsnameinthelist, andclickRemove. Ifyouareusingteamednetworkadaptersonyourhost,youcanexcludethe physicalnetworkadaptersfrombridgednetworking.Forinformationabout teamednetworkadapters,seeConfiguringBridgedNetworkingWhenUsing TeamedNetworkInterfaceCardsonpage 238. 4 Todesignateaphysicalnetworkadaptertobeusedforbridgednetworkingon virtualswitchesnamedVMnet2VMnet7,clicktheHostVirtualNetwork Mappingtab. Selectanadapterfromthedropdownlistbesidethenameofthevirtualswitch youwanttouse. Ifyouareusingteamednetworkadaptersonyourhost,youcanselecttheteamed networkadapterforVMnet0. CAUTIONBecarefulwhenyouchangethebridgedadaptermappings.Ifyou reassignaphysicalnetworkadaptertoadifferentvirtualnetwork,anyvirtual machineusingtheoriginalnetworklosesitsnetworkconnectivitythroughthat network.Youmustthenchangethesettingforeachaffectedvirtualmachines networkadapterindividually.Thiscanbeespeciallytroublesomeifyourhosthas onlyonephysicalnetworkadapterandyoureassignittoaVMnetotherthan VMnet0.EventhoughtheVMnetstillappearstobebridgedtoanautomatically chosenadapter,theonlyadapteritcanusehasbeenassignedtoanotherVMnet.
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TomakechangestothesubnetortheDHCPsettingsforavirtualnetwork,clickthe buttonontherightthatcorrespondstothevirtualnetworkyouwanttoconfigure, andselectSubnetorDHCP. IntheSubnetdialogbox,youcanchangethesubnetsIPaddressandthesubnet mask.Theaddressmustbeavalidnetworkaddressthatissuitableforusewiththe subnetmask. Thedefaultsubnetmaskis255.255.255.0(aclassCnetwork).Typically,thismeans youshouldmodifyonlythethirdnumberintheIPaddressforexample,xin 192.168.x.0or172.16.x.0.Ingeneral,youshouldnotchangethesubnetmask. Certainvirtualnetworkservicesmightnotworkaswellwithacustomizedsubnet mask. Whenyoumodifythenetworkaddressorsubnetmask,VMwareServer automaticallyupdatestheIPaddresssettingsforothercomponentssuchas DHCP,NAT,andhostvirtualadapteronthatvirtualnetworktoreflectthenew settings.ThespecificsettingsthatareautomaticallyupdatedincludeDHCPlease range,DHCPserveraddress,NATgatewayaddress,andhostvirtualadapterIP address.However,ifyouchangeanyofthesesettingsfromitsdefaultvalue evenifyoulaterchangethesettingbacktothedefaultVMware Serverdoesnot updatethatcustomsetting. IntheDHCPsettingsdialogbox,youcanchangetherangeofIPaddresses providedbytheDHCPserveronaparticularvirtualnetwork.Youcanalsosetthe durationofleasesprovidedtoclientsonthevirtualnetwork.
Whenyouhavemadeallthechangesyouwanttomakeinthevirtualnetwork editor,clickOK.
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To disable a host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 Startthevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms> VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks). SelecttheHostVirtualAdapterstab. Selecttheadapteryouwanttodisable. ClickDisableadapter. ClickOK.
To enable a disabled host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 Startthevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms> VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks). ClickHostVirtualAdapters. Selectthedisabledadapteryouwanttoenable. ClickEnableadapter. ClickOK.
To add a host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 6 Startthevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms> VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks). ClickHostVirtualAdapters. ClickAddnewadapter. Selectthevirtualnetworkonwhichyouwanttousetheadapter,andclickOK. ClickApply. ClickOKtoclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
To remove a host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 FromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>Manage VirtualNetworks. ClickHostVirtualAdapters. Selecttheadapteryouwanttoremove,thenclickRemoveadapter. ClickApply. ClickOKtoclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
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Alistofvirtualnetworksthathavebeenconfiguredisdisplayed.Selectthe networkcorrespondingtotheadapteryouwanttodisable.Forexample:
The following virtual networks have been defined: . vmnet0 is bridged to eth0 . vmnet1 is a host-only network on subnet 172.16.155.0. . vmnet8 is NAT network on a private subnet 172.16.107.0. Which virtual network do you wish to configure? (0-99) 1
Youmightbepromptedtokeepthisvirtualnetwork.Ifyouaresureyouwantto removeit,typeyeswhenprompted:
The network vmnet1 has been reserved for a host-only network. You may change it, but it is highly recommended that you use it as a host-only network. Are you sure you want to modify it? (yes/no) [no] yes
Whenpromptedaboutthetypeofvirtualnetwork,selectnonetoremovethe virtualnetwork.
What type of virtual network do you wish to set vmnet1? (bridged,hostonly,nat,none) [hostonly] none
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Ingeneral,ifyouhavevirtualmachinesyouintendtousefrequentlyorforextended periodsoftime,itisprobablymostconvenienttoassignthemstaticIPaddressesorto configuretheVMwareDHCPservertoalwaysassignthesameIPaddresstoeachof thesevirtualmachines. To configure the DHCP server on a Linux host 1 2 OnaLinuxhost,configurethehostonlyDHCPserverbyeditingtheDHCP configurationfileforVMnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcp/dhcp.conf). ToconfiguretheDHCPserverfortheNATnetwork,edittheconfigurationfilefor VMnet8(/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf). EditingtheDHCPserverconfigurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbest obtaineddirectlyfromtheDHCPserverdocumentation. 3 Consultthemanualpagesdhcpd(8)anddhcpd.conf(8).
To configure the DHCP server on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 OnaWindowshost,youconfiguretheDHCPserverusingthevirtualnetwork editor. FromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>Manage VirtualNetworks. ClickDHCP. Selectthevirtualnetworkforwhichyouwanttochangesettingsandclick Properties. Makethedesiredchanges,thenclickOK.
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Windows Hosts
SystemsusingserverversionsofWindows2000arecapableofforwardingIPpackets thatarenotaddressedtothem.Bydefault,however,thesesystemscomewithIPpacket forwardingdisabled. IfyoufindpacketsleakingoutofahostonlynetworkonaWindows2000host computer,checktoseewhetherforwardinghasbeenenabledonthehostmachine.Ifit isenabled,disableit.
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Linux Hosts
IfyoufindpacketsleakingoutofahostonlynetworkonaLinuxhostcomputer,check toseewhetherforwardinghasmistakenlybeenenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitis enabled,disableit. FormanyLinuxsystems,disableforwardingbywritinga0(zero)tothespecialfile /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward.Asroot,enterthiscommand:
echo 0>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Using Filtering
Ifthehostcomputerhasmultiplenetworkadapters,itmightbeintentionally configuredtodoIPforwarding.Inthiscase,youdonotwanttodisableforwarding.To avoidpacketleakage,youmustenableapacketfilteringfacilityandspecifythat packetsfromthehostonlynetworkshouldnotbesentoutsidethehostcomputer. Consultyouroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonhowtoconfigurepacket filtering.
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DHCPD on the Linux Host Does Not Work After VMware Server Installation
IfyouwererunningtheDHCPserverprogramdhcpdonyourmachinebefore installingVMwareServer,itprobablywasconfiguredtorespondtoDHCPrequests fromclientsonanynetworkinterfacepresentonthemachine.Whenhostonly networkingisconfigured,anadditionalnetworkinterface,VMnet1,ismarkedup andavailableforuse,anddhcpdmightnoticethis. Insuchcases,somedhcpdimplementationsabortiftheirconfigurationfilesdonot includeasubnetspecificationfortheinterfaceevenifdhcpdisnotsupposedto respondtomessagesthatarrivethroughtheinterface. Thebestsolutiontothisproblemistoaddalineinthefollowingformattothedhcpd configurationfile:
subnet <net>.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {}
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VMwareServersupportsteamedBroadcombasednetworkadapterswhenusedwith Broadcomteamingsoftwareinthefollowingmodes: GenericTrunking(FEC/GEC/802.3adDraftStatic) LinkAggregation(802.3ad) SmartLoadBalanceandFailOver VMwareServersupportsteamedIntelbasednetworkadapterswhenusedwithIntel PROSetversion6.4orhigher(32bithosts)orPROSetversion10.0orhigher(64bit hosts)inthefollowingmodes: AdapterFaultTolerance AdaptiveLoadBalancing StaticLinkAggregation(64bithosts) FEC/802.3adStaticLinkAggregation(32bithosts) GEC/802.3adStaticLinkAggregation(32bithosts) IEEE802.3adDynamicLinkAggregation NOTEExpressTeamingmodeisnotsupportedwhenyouareteamingIntelbased networkadapters.
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CleartheVMwareBridgeProtocolcheckbox. ClickOKtoclosethepropertysheet.
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To set up the second host-only interface on a Windows host 1 2 3 4 5 6 FromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>Manage VirtualNetworks. ClickHostVirtualAdapters. ClickAddnewadapter. SelectthevirtualnetworkonwhichtousetheadapterandclickOK. ClickApply. ClickOKtoclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
Selectyes. Repeatthisstepforeachhostonlynetworkyouwanttoconfigure.Thentypeno.
Completetheremainingstepsinthewizard. Whenthewizardisfinished,itrestartsallservicesusedbyVMwareServer.
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Configuration 3 Connect to Two Host-Only Interfaces 1 2 3 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchVI WebAccessandselectthevirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualnetworkeditor. Selectthefirstnetworkadapterinthelistofdevices,selectCustom,andselect VMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or/dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)from thedropdownlistontheright.Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelistof devices,selectCustom,thenselectVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or /dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifyouneedtoaddoneormorenetworkadapters,clickAdd,andusetheAdd Hardwarewizardtoaddanadapter. Atthispointyoucanpoweronthevirtualmachineandinstallyourguestoperating system.Inconfigurations1and2youseeoneAMDPCNetAdapter.Inconfiguration3 youseetwoAMDPCNetAdapterswithintheguest.Configurethenetworkadapters asyouwouldphysicaladaptersonaphysicalcomputer,givingeachadapteranIP addressontheappropriateVMnetsubnet. OnWindowshosts,youcanopenacommandpromptandrunipconfig /alltosee whatIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. OnLinuxhosts,youcanopenaterminalandrunifconfigtoseewhatIPaddresses eachhostonlynetworkisusing.
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Typeyes. Repeatthisstepforeachhostonlynetworkyouwanttoconfigure.Thentypeno.
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Virtual Machine 3 Connected to Both Host-Only Interfaces Ifyouplantoruntheroutersoftwareonavirtualmachine,setupathirdvirtual machineforthatpurpose. 1 2 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualnetworkeditor. Selectthefirstnetworkadapterinthelistofdevices,selectCustom,andselect VMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or/dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)from thedropdownlistontheright.Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelistof devices,thenselectCustom,selectVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or /dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifyouneedtoaddoneormorenetworkadapters,clickAdd,andusetheAdd Hardwarewizardtoaddanadapter. Nowyouneedtoconfigurethenetworkingcomponentsonthehostandinthevirtual machines.TherecommendedapproachusesstaticIPaddressesforallthevirtual machines. To configure the host and virtual machine networking components 1 StoptheVMnetDHCPserverservice. Windowshost:Fromthevirtualnetworkeditor,selectDHCPandclickStop service. Linuxhost:Stopthevmnet-dhcpdservice.
killall -TERM vmnet-dhcpd
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Installguestoperatingsystemsineachofthevirtualmachines. Installtheroutersoftwareonthehostcomputerorinthethirdvirtualmachine, dependingontheapproachyouareusing. Configurenetworkinginthefirsttwovirtualmachinestouseaddressesonthe appropriatehostonlynetwork. OnWindowshosts,youcanopenacommandpromptandrunipconfig /allto seewhatIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. OnLinuxhosts,youcanopenaterminalandrunifconfigtoseewhatIP addresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing.
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Ifyouarerunningtherouteronthehostcomputer,assigndefaultrouteraddresses basedontheaddressesofthehostonlyadaptersonthehostcomputer.Inthefirst virtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbe theIPaddressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtual machinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIP addressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedtoVMnet2. Ifyouarerunningtheroutersoftwareonthethirdvirtualmachine,setthedefault routeraddressesinthefirsttwovirtualmachinesbasedonthoseusedbythethird virtualmachine.Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,the defaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethirdvirtualmachines networkadapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworking configuration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethird virtualmachinesnetworkadapterconnectedtoVMnet2.
<newgroup>isthegroupthatshouldhavetheabilitytosetvmnet0topromiscuous mode.
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Understanding NAT
Networkaddresstranslation,orNAT,providesasimplewayforvirtualmachinesto usemostclientapplicationsoveralmostanytypeofnetworkconnectionavailableto thehost.TheonlyrequirementforNATisthatthenetworkconnectionmustsupport TCP/IP. NATisusefulwhenyouhavealimitedsupplyofIPaddressesorareconnectedtothe networkthroughanonEthernetnetworkadapter.NATworksbytranslatingaddresses ofvirtualmachinesinaprivateVMnetnetworktothatofthehostmachine.Whena virtualmachinesendsarequesttoaccessanetworkresource,itappearstothenetwork resourceasiftherequestcamefromthehostmachine. NATusesthehostsownnetworkresourcestoconnecttotheexternalnetwork.Thus, anyTCP/IPnetworkresourcetowhichthehosthasaccessshouldbeavailablethrough theNATconnection. ThechiefadvantageofNATisthatitprovidesatransparent,easytoconfigurewayfor virtualmachinestogainaccesstonetworkresources. ThefollowingsectionsprovidemoreinformationaboutNAT.
Using NAT
TheNATdeviceisconnectedtotheVMnet8virtualswitch.Virtualmachinesconnected totheNATnetworkalsousetheVMnet8virtualswitch. TheNATdevicewaitsforpacketscomingfromvirtualmachinesontheVMnet8virtual network.Whenapacketarrives,theNATdevicetranslatestheaddressofthevirtual machinetothatofthehostbeforeforwardingthepackettotheexternalnetwork.When dataarrivesfromtheexternalnetworkforthevirtualmachineontheprivatenetwork, theNATdevicereceivesthedata,replacesthenetworkaddresswiththatofthevirtual machineandforwardsthedatatothevirtualmachineonthevirtualnetwork.This translationoccursautomaticallyandrequiresminimalconfigurationontheguestand thehost.
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Windows Hosts
ConfiguretheNATdeviceusingthevirtualnetworkeditor(fromtheWindowsStart menu,selectPrograms>VMwareServer>ManageVirtualNetworks,andclickthe NATtab). Youcanstop,restart,andstartthevirtualNATdevicebyclickingtheappropriate button.TheVMnethostsettingletsyouselectwhichvirtualnetworkusestheNAT device.YoucanselectDisableifyoudonotwanttouseNATonanyvirtualnetwork. ToeditNATsettingsforavirtualnetwork,selectitfromthedropdownmenu,then clickEdit.TheNATSettingsdialogboxappears. YoucanchangeanyofthefollowingNATsettings: PortforwardingletsyousendincomingTCPorUDPrequeststoaspecificvirtual machineonthevirtualnetworkservedbytheNATdevice.Tosetupandconfigure forwardedports,clickPortforwarding.Adialogboxappears. ToaddanewportforeitherTCPorUDP,clickAdd.Ifaportisalreadylisted,you canchangeitssettings.Selectitsnameinthelist,andclickProperties.Orclick Removetoremovetheselectedport. WhenyouclickAdd,anotherdialogboxappears.IntheHostportfield,typethe numberoftheincomingTCPorUDPport.Forexample,incomingHTTPrequests areusuallyonport80.InthefirstForwardingIPaddressfield,typetheIPaddress ofthevirtualmachinetowhichyouwanttoforwardtheincomingrequests.Inthe secondfieldonthatline,typetheportnumberyouwanttouseforthoserequests onthatvirtualmachine.Youcanenterthestandardport,suchas80forHTTP,ora nonstandardportifsoftwarerunninginthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtoaccept requestsonanonstandardport.TheDescriptionfieldisoptional.Youmightuse ittoidentifytheservicebeingforwarded(forexample,HTTP).Whenyouhave madethesesettings,clickOK.
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YoucanspecifyDNSserverstobeusedbythevirtualNATdevice.Todoso,click DNS.Adialogboxappears.YoucanchangethePolicyforusingmultipleDNS serversifyouprefertouseRotateorBurstinsteadofthedefaultsettingofOrder. ToaddaDNSservertothelist,clickAdd.Anotherdialogboxappears.Enterthe DNSserversIPaddressintheIPaddressfield.TheDescriptionfieldisoptional. Whenyouhavemadethedesiredsettings,clickOK.Tochangethesettingsfora serveralreadyinthelist,selectitsentryintheDNSdialogbox,andclick Properties.Todeleteanentry,selecttheentry,andclickRemove.Whenyouhave madethedesiredchanges,clickOK. YoucanchangetheIPaddressfortheNATdeviceintheGatewayIPaddressfield. TochangetheNetmask,clickthebuttonontheHostVirtualNetworkMapping tabofthevirtualnetworkeditorandselectSubnet. ToallowonlypassivemodeFTPovertheNATdevice,deselecttheActiveFTP checkbox. YoucanchangethenumberofminutestokeeptheUDPmappingfortheNATin theUDPtimeoutfield. IfyouchangetheOUI(OrganizationallyUniqueIdentifier)portionoftheMAC addressforthevirtualmachineandsubsequentlycannotuseNATwiththevirtual machine,youshouldchecktheAllowAnyOUIcheckbox. IntheConfigportfield,youcanspecifyaportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatus informationabouttheNAT.Thisoptionisusedfortroubleshootingpurposeswith VMwaretechnicalsupportonly. YoucanchangeNetBIOStimeoutandretrysettings. Whenyouhavemadeallthenetworkingchangesyouwant,clickOK.
Linux Hosts
UsetheNATconfigurationfileonthehosttoconfiguretheNATdevice.Thisfileis /etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf. Theconfigurationfileisdividedintosections.EachsectionconfiguresapartoftheNAT device.Textsurroundedbysquarebracketssuchas[host]marksthebeginning ofasection.Ineachsectionisaconfigurationparameterthatcanbeset.The configurationparameterstaketheformip = 192.168.27.1/24. ForanexampleofaNATconfigurationfile,seeSampleLinuxvmnetnat.confFileon page 257.Theconfigurationfilevariablesaredescribedbelow.
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Thisbehavioriscontrolledbyentriesinsectionsheaded[privilegedUDP]and [privilegedTCP].Youmighthavetoaddsettingstoormodifysettingsineitheror bothofthesesections,dependingonthekindofconnectionyouneedtomake. Youcansettwoparameters,eachofwhichappearsonaseparateline. autodetect = <n> TheautodetectsettingdetermineswhethertheVMwareNATdeviceautomatically attemptstomapvirtualmachinesourceportsbelow1024toNATsourceportsbelow 1024.Asettingof1meanstrue.Asettingof0meansfalse.OnaWindowshost,the defaultis1(true).OnaLinuxhost,thedefaultis0(false). port = <n> Theportsettingspecifiesadestinationport(<n>istheportontheserverthataccepts theconnectionfromtheclient).Wheneveravirtualmachineconnectstothespecified portonanyserver,theNATdeviceattemptstomaketheconnectionfromasourceport below1024.Youcanincludeoneormoreportsettingsinthe[privilegedUDP]or [privilegedTCP]sectionorinbothsections,asrequiredfortheconnectionsyouneed tomake.Eachportsettingmustbeenteredonaseparateline.
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TouseNetLogon,youneedtoknowhowWINSserversandWindowsdomain controllerswork.Thissectionexplainshowtosetupthevirtualmachinetouse NetLogon.Thesetupprocessissimilartothewayyousetupaphysicalcomputeron oneLANthatisusingadomaincontrolleronanotherLAN. TologontoaWindowsdomainoutsidethevirtualNATnetwork,thevirtualmachine needsaccesstoaWINSserverforthatdomain.Therearetwowaysyoucanconnectthe virtualmachinetoaWINSserver.YoucanconnecttotheWINSserverprovidedbythe DHCPserverusedontheNATnetwork,providedthattheWINSserverisalreadyset uponthehost.IfyouwanttoconnectfromthevirtualmachinetoaWINSservernot setuponthehost,youcanmanuallyentertheIPaddressoftheWINSserver.
Using NAT to Connect to an Existing WINS Server Already Set Up on the Host
Tousethismethod,aWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainmustbesetup onthehost.ThesestepsuseWindows2000,WindowsXP,orWindowsServer2003asa guide.TheprocessissimilarforWindowsNT,WindowsMe,andWindows9xguests. To use NAT to connect to an existing WINS Server 1 2 3 4 5 6 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickonMyNetworkPlacesandselectProperties. IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand selectProperties. InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IP),andclick Properties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. ClicktheWINStab,thenunderNetBIOSsetting,selectUseNetBIOSsetting fromDHCPServer. ClickOKtwice,andclickClose.
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ClickOKtwice,andclickClose.
#allowAnyOUI = 1 [udp] # Timeout in seconds, 0 = no timeout, default = 60; real value might # be up to 100% longer timeout = 30 [incomingtcp] # Use these with care - anyone can enter into your virtual machine through # these... # FTP (both active and passive FTP is always enabled) # ftp localhost 8887 #8887 = 192.168.27.128:21 # WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to # your host, not to guest... And if you are forwarding port other # than 80 make sure that your server copes with mismatched port # number in Host: header) # lynx http://localhost:8888 #8888 = 192.168.27.128:80 # SSH # ssh -p 8889 root@localhost #8889 = 192.168.27.128:22 [incomingudp] # UDP port forwarding example #6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
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IfyoualreadyhaveSambaconfiguredonyourLinuxhost,therecommendedapproach istomodifythatconfigurationsoitincludestheIPsubnetusedbytheVMwareServer virtualnetworkadapter,VMnet1. YoucanconfigureyourexistingSambaservertoworkwithahostonlynetwork.Allthe sharesyousetupinSambaandintheguestoperatingsystemnormallyappearonthe bridgednetworkaswell. Ifyouneedtobesurethesharessetupintheguestoperatingsystemareseenonlyon thehostonlynetwork,youmightfinditeasiesttoinstallandusetheSambaserver providedwithVMwareServer. Ifyoudonotneedanysharestoappearonyourbridgednetwork,youcanuseyour existingSambaserverandsetuptheconfigurationfilesoitworksonlyonthehostonly network. Sambaconfigurationscanbequitecomplex.Thissectionprovidesseveralsample configurationfiles.Ifyouneedtogobeyondtheissuescoveredhere,seethemanpage forthesmb.conffile.Toviewthismanpage,typeoneofthefollowingcommandsina terminalwindow:
man smb.conf
or
man 5 smb.conf
This is the VMware(TM) Samba configuration file. Read the smb.conf(5) manual page to understand the options listed here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which are not shown in this example Any line that starts with a ; (semicolon) or a # (hash) is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a # for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you
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# # # # # # # # # # #
Configuration file for Samba 2.0.6 vmware-[sn]mbd operating on vmnet1. This file was generated by the VMware configuration program and modified for this document. If you modify it, it will be backed up the next time you run the configuration program.
# Global settings [global] # This should be polled at install time from the private subnet created by # vmware-config.pl socket address = 192.168.183.1 interfaces = vmnet1 bind interfaces only = yes workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = HOSTNAME server string = VMware host-only security = user encrypt passwords = yes # Note: Printers not loaded in this example. Resource definitions commented # below. ; load printers = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 # VMware extension to use a different shared memory access key on each # Samba server running on this host sysv shm key = /dev/vmnet1 ; ; ; ; log log max max file = /etc/vmware/vmnet1/smb/var/log.smb level = 1 log size in KB log size = 50
lock directory = /etc/vmware/vmnet1/smb/var/locks smb passwd file = /etc/vmware/vmnet1/smb/private/smbpasswd codepage dir = /usr/lib/vmware/smb/codepages dns proxy = no
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# Shared resources # Home directories [homes] comment = Home directories browseable = no writable = yes # Printers ;[printers] ; comment = All printers ; path = /var/lpd ; browseable = no ; guest ok = no ; writable = no ; printable = yes ;[HostFS] ; comment = VMware host filesystem ; path = / ; public = no ; writeable = yes ; printable = no
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interfaces = eth0 workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = HOSTNAME server string = Samba Host Box # # ; ; ; Note: Printers not loaded in this example. Resource definitions commented below. printcap name = lpstat load printers = yes printing = cups
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 security = user encrypt passwords = yes smb passwd file = /etc/smbpasswd dns proxy = no preserve case = yes short preserve case = yes default case = lower ; case sensitive = no # Shared Resources [homes] comment = Home Directories browseable = yes writable = yes ;[printers] ; comment = All Printers ; path = /var/spool/samba ; browseable = yes ; guest ok = yes ; writable = no ; printable = yes ; create mode = 0700 ; print command = lpr-cups -P %p -o raw %s -r # using client side ; printer drivers. ; print command = lpr-cups -P %p %s # using cups own drivers (use ; generic PostScript on clients). ; lpq command = lpstat -o %p ; lprm command = cancel %p-%j
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;[system] ; comment = System share ; path = / ; valid users = username ; public = no ; browsable = yes ; writable = yes ; printable = no
Adding User Names and Passwords to the VMware Server Samba Password File
YoumustbesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtual machinewhowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.Theusernamesandpasswordsinthe Sambapasswordfilemustbethesameasthoseusedforloggingontotheguest operatingsystem. YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheVMwareServerSambapasswordfileat anytimefromaterminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer. To add user names and passwords to the VMware Server Samba password file 1 Astherootuser,runtheVMwareServerSambapasswordcommand.
vmware-smbpasswd vmnet1 -a <username>
Ifthefollowingmessageisdisplayed:
Unknown virtual interface "vmnet1"
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Whentheconfigurationprogramprompts:
Do you want this script to automatically configure your system to allow your virtual machines to access the host file system?
Typeyes.
Typeno. BesuretomodifyyourSambaconfigurationsoitincludestheIPsubnetusedbythe VMwareServervirtualnetworkadapter,VMnet1. To determine what subnet is being used by VMnet1, enter
/sbin/ifconfig vmnet1
YoumustbesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtual machinewhowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.Theusernamesandpasswordsinthe Sambapasswordfilemustbethesameasthoseusedforloggingontotheguest operatingsystem. YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheSambapasswordfileatanytimefroma terminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer. To add user names and passwords to the Samba password file from a Linux host 1 Logontotherootaccount.
su -
RuntheSambapasswordcommand.
smbpasswd -a <username>
<username>istheusernameyouwanttoadd.Followtheonscreeninstructions. 3 Logoutoftherootaccount.
exit
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Sample smb.conf for Running Two Samba Servers at the Same Time
; This file is the recommended smb.conf file for your ; normal Samba server if you want to run it concurrently ; (which we don't advise) with the VMware Samba server. ; ; Your normal samba server should be at least v 2.0.6 ; ; You will need to insert specific information ; for your system at several points indicated in the file ; by <text in angle brackets>. ; ; -------------; ; Larmor samba server configuration ; ; Global settings [global] ; ; Identity ;
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; Allow several Samba servers on the same machine interfaces = <your real subnet>/<your real netmask> bind interfaces only = yes ; Workgroup the host belongs to workgroup = VMware ; SMB name of the host (the hostname by default) netbios name = <your Windows name> ; Description of the host server string = Linux running Samba 2.0.6 ; ; Access ; ; Allow connections from ; hosts allow = <your real subnet>/<your real netmask> ; Authentication scheme security = user encrypt passwords = yes ; ; Options ; ; Automatically load the printer list (from /etc/printcap ; by default) load printers = yes ; Gives better performance socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 ; ; Files and directories ; ; Max log size in KB max log size = 1024 ; Locks lock directory = /var/samba ; SMB passwords smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd ; ; Name browsing ; ; Allow the host to participate in master browser ; elections local master = yes ; Force a local browser election upon startup ; We need that otherwise it takes a long time before the ; windows network is browsable preferred master = yes ; Do not try to resolve SMB names using DNS dns proxy = no ; Shared resources ;
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; Home directories [homes] comment = Home directories browseable = no writable = yes ; Printers ;[printers] ; comment = All printers ; path = /var/lpd ; browseable = no ; guest ok = no ; writable = no ; printable = yes [Slash] comment = Whole filesystem path = / public = no writeable = yes printable = no
Summary Tab
TheSummarytabdisplaysalistofthevirtualnetworkscurrentlyactiveonthehost. Bydefault,theVMnet0virtualnetworkissetupinbridgedmodeandbridgestoan activenetworkadapteronthehostcomputer.Iftherearemultipleactivenetwork adaptersonthehost,thechoiceofwhichadapteritusesisarbitrary.Torestrictthe rangeofchoices,clicktheAutomaticBridgingtabandspecifyanyadaptersyouwant toexclude.Formoreinformation,seeAutomaticBridgingTabonpage 268. ClicktheHostVirtualNetworkMappingtabtospecifythenetworkadapterusedfor VMnet0andforanyothervirtualnetworksyouwanttouseforbridgednetworking. Controlsonthispanelalsoallowyoutospecifythesubnettobeusedbyanyvirtual network.Formoreinformation,seeHostVirtualNetworkMappingTabonpage 268. ClicktheHostVirtualAdapterstabtospecifywhichvirtualnetworkshavehostvirtual adaptersvirtualnetworkadaptersthatallowthehostcomputertoconnecttothe network.Formoreinformation,seeHostVirtualAdaptersTabonpage 269.
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DHCP Tab
YouneedtoconfigurethevirtualDHCPserverifyouwanttoassignIPaddressesto eachvirtualmachineandthehostontheprivatenetwork(thatis,ifyouwanttouse hostonlyorNATnetworking).UsingDHCPtoassignIPaddressesissimplerandmore automaticthanstaticallyassigningthem.
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Toaddanewvirtualnetworktothelist,clickAdd.Inthedialogboxthatappears,select thenetworkyouwanttoaddfromthedropdownlist,andclickOK.(Atthispoint,you cannotchangeanyoftheothersettingsintheDHCPSettingsdialogbox.)OntheDHCP tab,clickApplytoactivatethenewnetwork.Youcannowselectthenewlyadded networkandchangethesettings,asfollows. TochangeDHCPsettingsforavirtualnetwork,selectitinthelist,andclickProperties. IntheDHCPSettingsdialogboxthatappears,youcanchangetherangeofIPaddresses providedbytheVMwareServerDHCPserveronaparticularvirtualnetwork.Youcan alsochangethedurationofDHCPleasesprovidedtoclientsonthevirtualnetwork.(If youwanttochangethesubnetsettings,youneedtousetheHostVirtualnetwork Mappingtab.) YoucancompletelystoptheDHCPserviceforallvirtualnetworksbyclickingStop, andthenclickingApply.Iftheserviceisstopped,youcanstartitbyclickingStartand thenApply. (YoucanalsomodifyDHCPsettingsbychoosingEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings> HostVirtualNetworkMapping,selectingaspecificbridgedadapter,thenclickingthe >buttonforthatvirtualnetwork.)
NAT Tab
OptionsontheNATtabletyoudeterminewhichvirtualnetworkisusingthevirtual NATdevice,stopandstarttheNATservice,andconfigureavarietyofsettingsforthe NATdevice. Youcanstop,restart,andstartthevirtualNATdevicebyclickingtheappropriate button.TheVMnethostsettingletsyouselectwhichvirtualnetworkusestheNAT device.YoucanselectDisableifyoudonotwanttouseNATonanyvirtualnetwork. YoucanchangeanyofthefollowingNATsettingswhenyouclickEdit: GatewayIPaddressUsethisfieldtochangetheIPaddressfortheNATdevice. Ifyouneedtochangethenetmask,clickthe<buttonontheHostVirtualNetwork MappingtaboftheVirtualNetworkEditorandselectSubnet. UDPtimeoutUsethisfieldtochangethenumberofminutestokeeptheUDP mappingfortheNA. ConfigportfieldUsethisfieldfortroubleshootingpurposeswithVMware technicalsupportonly.Youwillbedirectedtospecifyaportthatcanbeusedto accessstatusinformationabouttheNAT.
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PortforwardingPortforwardingletsyousendincomingTCPorUDPrequests toaspecificvirtualmachineonthevirtualnetworkservedbytheNATdevice.To setupandconfigureforwardedports,clickPortForwarding,andcompletethe dialogboxthatappears,asfollows: ToaddanewportforeitherTCPorUDP,clickAddintheappropriatesection, andcompletethedialogboxthatappears,asfollows: HostportSpecifythenumberoftheincomingTCPorUDPport.For example,incomingHTTPrequestsareusuallyonport80. VirtualMachineIPaddressfieldSpecifytheIPaddressofthevirtual machinetowhichyouwanttoforwardtheincomingrequests. PortfieldonthatlineSpecifytheportnumberyouwanttousefor thoserequestsonthatvirtualmachine.Thismaybethestandardport, suchas80forHTTP,oranonstandardportifsoftwarerunninginthe virtualmachineisconfiguredtoacceptrequestsonanonstandardport. Description(optional)SpecifyYoumightusethisfieldtoidentifythe servicebeingforwarded,forexample,HTTP. Tochangesettingsforaportalreadylisted,selectitsnameinthelist,andclick Properties. DNSThisbuttonletsyouspecifyserverstobeusedbythevirtualNATdevice. Youcanchangethefollowingsettings: PolicyIfyouusemultipleDNSservers,specifythestrategytousefor choosingwhichservertosendarequestto: OrderSendoneDNSrequestatatimeinorderofthenameservers. RotateSendoneDNSrequestatatimeandrotatethroughtheDNS servers. BurstSendtothreeserversandwaitforthefirstonetorespond. AutodetectSelectthischeckboxtohaveVMwareServerautomatically detectavailableDNSservers. TimeoutSpecifythenumberofminutestokeeptrying,iftheNATisunable toconnecttotheDNSserver. RetriesSpecifythenumberoftimestheNATshouldtrytoconnecttothe DNSserver.
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ToaddaDNSservertothelist,clickAddandentertheDNSserversIP addressintheIPaddressfield.TheDescriptionfieldisoptional. Tochangesettingsforaserveralreadylisted,selectitsnameinthelist,and clickProperties. ActiveFTPClearthischeckboxifyouwanttoallowonlypassivemodeFTP overtheNATdevice. AllowanyOUIIfyouchangetheOUI(organizationallyuniqueidentifier) portionoftheMACaddressforthevirtualmachineandsubsequentlycannotuse NATwiththevirtualmachine,youshouldselectthischeckbox. NetBIOSsectionUsethissectiontospecifyNBNS(NetBIOSNameService)and (NetBIOSDatagramService)timeoutsandretrysettings.
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ThischapterdescribeshowtooptimizeVMwareServerperformancebyconfiguring andmaintainingVMwareServerhostsystems,hostwideVMwareServersettings,and virtualmachines.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics: ConfiguringandMaintainingtheHostSystemonpage 273 AllocatingMemorytoaVirtualMachineonpage 277 EditingVirtualMachineMemoryonpage 277 EditingVirtualProcessorsonpage 279 UsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessingonpage 278 ConfiguringandMaintainingGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 279
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ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
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Whenasnapshotexistsandyouhavemadechangestoapreallocatedvirtualdisk, accessperformanceforthechangeddiskfilesissomewhatslowerandiscomparableto thatofagrowablevirtualdisk(whichdoesnothavespaceallocatedinadvance).Ifyou removethesnapshot,performanceagainreflectsthatoftheunderlyingdisk. Whenasnapshotexists,virtualdisksoftenhaveverygoodperformanceforrandomor nonsequentialaccess.Buttheycanpotentiallybecomesofragmentedthatperformance isaffected.Youcanimproveperformanceforthesedisksbydefragmentingthem,as describedinDefragmentingVirtualDisksonpage 147.Beforeyoudefragmentthedisk, youmustfirstremovethesnapshot. NOTEAfterasnapshotistaken,youcannolongerdefragmenttheoriginaldisk.Ifyou runadefragmentationutilityintheguestsystemwhenasnapshotexists, VMware Servermakesallitschangestotheredologratherthantheoriginaldisk.Every sectorthatchangesiscopiedtothevirtualmachineredolog.Theredologbecomes extremelylargewhenthediskisheavilyfragmentedandyouattempttodefragment thediskaftertakingasnapshot.
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Disabling Fade Effects in Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003
ThefadeeffectsusedbyWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer2003to displaymenuscanmakethevirtualmachineseemlessresponsive. To disable fade effects 1 RightclicktheguestoperatingsystemdesktopandselectProperties> Appearance>Effects(onWindowsXPorWindowsServer2003)or Properties > Effects(onWindows2000). DeselecttheUsetransitioneffectsformenusandtooltipscheckbox.
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To enable hardware acceleration after installing VMware Tools 1 2 3 FromtheWindowscontrolpanel,selectDisplay. ClicktheSettingstab,andclickAdvanced. ClicktheTroubleshoottab,anddragtheHardwareaccelerationslideralltheway toFull.
ThemethodforchangingthesettingvariesforotherWindowsoperatingsystems.
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To add counters to track virtual machine performance using the Windows Performance console 1 2 SelectStart>Programs>AdministrativeTools>Performanceorenter perfmon.mscattheWindowscommandprompt. InthePerformanceconsole,selectSystemMonitor,andclicktheplus(+)signon thetoolbar. TheAddCountersdialogboxisdisplayed. 3 4 InthePerformanceobjectlist,selectVMware. Selectwhichcounterstomonitor: AllCountersMonitorallcounters SelectcountersfromlistMonitorthecountersyouselectfromthelist Todisplaythedescriptionofacounter,selectthecounterandclickExplain. 5 Selectwhichvirtualmachinestomonitor: AllinstancesMonitorallrunningvirtualmachines SelectinstancesfromlistMonitorthevirtualmachinesyouselectfromthe list 6 ClickAddtoaddthecounterstothePerformanceconsole.
FormoreinformationaboutusingthePerformanceconsole,usetheconsoleinproduct helporvisittheMicrosoftWebsite.
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To enable SCSI reservation in a virtual machine 1 2 Makesurethatthevirtualmachineispoweredoff. Setthescsi<x>.sharedBus parameter(where<x>isthenumberoftheSCSIbus beingshared)tovirtualinthevirtualmachineconfigurationfile,asdescribedin ChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingsonpage 127. Forexample,toenableSCSIreservationfordevicesonthescsi1bus,set scsi1.sharedBustovirtual.Thisallowsthewholebustobeshared. Ifyoudonotwanttosharethewholebus,youcanselectivelyallowSCSI reservationforaspecificSCSIdiskonthesharedbus.Forexample,ifyouwantto shareaSCSIdisklocatedatscsi1:1,setscsi1:1.sharedtotrue.Youmust specifythesameSCSItarget(inthisexample,scsi1:1)intheconfigurationfilefor eachvirtualmachinethatsharesthedisk.IfSCSIreservationisenabledforthe wholebus(thatis,scsi1.sharedBusissettovirtual),thissettingisignored. NOTEDonotshareresourcesusingtwoseparatebuses(forexample,dataon SCSI1:0andquorumonSCSI2:0).Thiscausestheconfigurationfiletobecome invalid.Iftheconfigurationfileisnotvalid,youcannotbootthevirtualmachine. 3 Setthedisk.lockingparametertofalseinthevirtualmachineconfiguration file. NOTEThissettingappliestoalldisksinthevirtualmachine. Becausedisklockingisdisabled,multiplevirtualmachinescanaccesstheshared diskconcurrently. CAUTIONIfanyvirtualmachinethatisnotconfiguredforSCSIreservationattemptsto accessthediskconcurrently,theshareddiskisvulnerabletodatalossorcorruption.
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Youcanprovideyourownlockfilenamebysettingscsi1:0.reslcknameinthe configurationfile.Forexample,ifyousetscsi1:0.reslcknameto /tmp/scsi1-0.reslockintheconfigurationfile,thisnameoverridesthedefaultlock filename. CAUTIONYoumustusethesamelockfilename(forexample, /tmp/scsi1-0.reslock)foreachvirtualmachineinthecluster.Youmustalsousethe sameSCSItargetforeachvirtualmachinewhenyoudefinescsi1:0.reslckname. However,theSCSIbus(scsi1inthiscase)doesnotneedtobethesame. AfterSCSIreservationisenabledforadisk,youmustconfigureeachvirtualmachine tousethisdisk.SeeConfiguringHardDisksonpage 141.
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Thefollowingsectionsdescribehowtoconfigureaclusterinabox.
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Inaddition,thefollowingarerequiredtosharedisks: AsecondaryvirtualSCSIhostadapter. Oneormorepreallocatedvirtualdisksthataresharedandareattachedtothe secondarySCSIhostadapter. NotethefollowingaboutvirtualPCIslotsinthevirtualmachines: EachvirtualmachinebydefaulthassixPCIslotsavailable. Thisclusterconfiguration(twonetworkadaptersandtwoSCSIhostbusadapters) usesfouroftheseslots. OnemorePCIslotisavailableforathirdnetworkadapterifneeded.(Thesixthslot isusedbythevirtualdisplayadapter.) IfthevirtualmachinesbootpartitionisonanIDEvirtualdisk,thepartition occupiesoneofthePCIslots.
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To create the base virtual machine that serves as the first node in the cluster 1 2 LogintoyourVMwareServerhostasanAdministratoruser. Createanewvirtualmachine.Choosethesettingsyouwant,suchasthesizeofthe virtualdiskandthevirtualmemorylimit,butmakesurethatyouspecify: Windows2000AdvancedServerorWindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition astheguestoperatingsystem. SQL1asthevirtualmachinename. Thecorrectdatastore. Bridgednetworkingforthevirtualmachine. 3 Addanewnetworkadapterthatuseseitheranotherexternaladapterorthe VMnet1hostonlyadapter.(Forcompleteisolationfromthehost,youcanalsouse anyunusedvirtualEthernetswitch,typicallyVMnet2throughVMnet7.)For information,seeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachineonpage 223. ThisadapterisusedasthevirtualprivateEthernetconnectionforheartbeat monitoring. 4 Addthetwosharedvirtualdisks: Ashareddatadisk,forexample,data.vmdk Asharedquorumdisktostoretransactionsbeforetheyarecommittedtothe datadisk,forexample,quorum.vmdk Forinformation,seeAddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachineonpage 144. 5 Addthefollowingparameterstothevirtualmachineconfigurationfile (SQL1.vmx)asdescribedinChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingson page 127: Setscsi1.sharedBustovirtual Setdisk.lockingtofalse ThisenablesSCSIreservation,whichisdescribedinmoredetailinthesection UsingSCSIReservationtoShareVirtualSCSIDisksonpage 288. Youarefinishedcreatingthevirtualmachineforthefirstnodeinyourcluster. Thenextstepistoinstallaguestoperatingsysteminthevirtualmachine.
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To clone the first virtual machine node 1 Runsysprep.exe,whichisavailableontheWindowsCDinthefile \support\tools\deploy.caborfromtheMicrosoftWebsite. Thesysprep.exeutilityremovesthesecurityIDassignedtotheguestoperating system,resetsthemachineinformation,andresetstheTCP/IPnetwork configuration. 2 3 4 5 Shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpoweroffthevirtualmachine. CreateavirtualmachinedirectorynamedSQL2inthesamedatastoreasSQL1. CopytheSQL1*.vmdkfilestothisdirectory. UsetheVMwareVirtualDiskManagertochangethenameofthevirtualdiskto SQL2*.vmdk.Atacommandprompt,type:
vmware-vdiskmanager -n SQL1.vmdk SQL2.vmdk
SeetheVMwaretechnicalnoteaboutusingVirtualDiskManager. Youarefinishedcloningthefirstnode. Next,createthesecondnodeintheclusterusingtheclone. To create the second node in the cluster from the clone of the first node 1 2 LogintoyourVMwareServerhostasanAdministratoruser. Createanewvirtualmachine.Choosethesettingsyouwant,suchasthesizeofthe virtualdiskandthevirtualmemorylimit,butmakesurethatyouspecify: Windows2000AdvancedServerorWindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition astheguestoperatingsystem. SQL2asthevirtualmachinename.
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Thecorrectdatastore. Tousetheexistingvirtualdisk,clickBrowseandselectSQL2.vmdk. Bridgednetworkingforthevirtualmachine. 3 Addanewnetworkadapterthatuseseitheranotherexternaladapterorthe VMnet1hostonlyadapter.SeeAddingaNetworkAdaptertoaVirtualMachine onpage 223. Addthetwovirtualdisks(quorum.vmdkanddata.vmdk)youpreviouslycreated. SeeAddingaHardDisktoaVirtualMachineonpage 144. YoumustselectUseanExistingVirtualDiskandbrowsetoquorum.vmdkand data.vmdk. 5 Addthefollowingparameterstothevirtualmachineconfigurationfile (SQL2.vmx)asdescribedinChangingVirtualMachineAdvancedSettingson page 127: Setscsi1.sharedBustovirtual Setdisk.lockingtofalse ThisenablesSCSIreservation,whichisdescribedinmoredetailinUsingSCSI ReservationtoShareVirtualSCSIDisksonpage 288. Youarefinishedcreatingthesecondnode. Nowthatyouhavevirtualmachinesforbothnodesinyourtwonodecluster,youcan installtheclusteringservicessoftware. To install Microsoft Clustering Services on the first node 1 2 Poweronthenode1virtualmachine. AttheWindowssetupprompts,enterthefollowing: Windowsserialnumber Hostname(SQL1) IPaddressesofthepublicandprivatenetworkadapters NOTEForthepublicnetworkadapter,enteranIPaddressthatbelongstothe physicalnetwork.FortheprivateIPaddress,youcanuseanaddresslike 192.168.x.xwithaclassCsubnetmask(255.255.255.0). Attheendoftheprocess,Windowsreboots. 3
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StarttheDiskManagementutilityandchangebothshareddiskstoBasicdisks.
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InserttheWindowsCDintheCDROMdrive. ChooseControlPanel>Add/RemovePrograms. SelectAdd/RemoveWindowsComponents. SelecttheClusterServicecomponent. ClickNextandfollowthepromptstoinstalltheservice. Toconfiguretheclusterservice,chooseFormaNewClusterandspecifythe following: SQLCLUSTERastheclustername. TheclusterserviceaccountcreatedinStep 11. Bothshareddisksaremanagedbytheclusterservice.
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YouarefinishedinstallingMicrosoftClusteringServicesonthefirstnode. To install Microsoft Clustering Services on the second node 1 2 3 4 Startthenode2virtualmachine. RepeatStep 2andStep 3intheprocedureforthefirstnode. StarttheDiskManagementtoolandassignthefirstshareddisktoQ:(quorum) andtheseconddisktoR:(data). Startdcpromo.exeandaddthisvirtualmachineasadomaincontrollerinthe samedomaincreatedinStep 7forthefirstnode,oraddittoanexistingdomain. NOTEThesetupinnode2mustmatchthesetupinnode1,whichyouspecifiedin Step 7fornode1. 5 6 Tostarttheclusterserviceinthenode1virtualmachine,rightclickthenodename fromClusterManager,andselectStartClusterService. Inthenode2virtualmachine,repeatStep 13throughStep 17inToinstall MicrosoftClusteringServicesonthefirstnodeonpage 296,withoneexception: inStep 17,selectJoinaCluster.
Youarenowfinishedconfiguringthecluster.
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Defined Privileges
Thefollowingtableslistthedefaultprivilegesthat,whenselectedforarole,canbe pairedwithauserandassignedtoanobject.Inthetables,VCindicatesaVirtualCenter ServerandHCindicatesahostclient,standaloneESX/ESXi,orVMwareServerhost. Whensettingpermissions,verifythatalltheobjecttypesaresetwithappropriate privilegesforeachparticularaction.Someoperationsrequireaccesspermissionatthe rootfolderorparentfolderinadditiontoaccesstotheobjectbeingmanipulated.Some operationsrequireaccessorperformancepermissionataparentfolderandarelated object.SeeChapter 10,ManagingRolesandPermissions,onpage 201forinformation aboutapplyingrolestoinventoryobjects. SeeTable 101,SystemRoles,onpage 204foralistofpredefinedgroupedprivileges. Thisappendixincludesthefollowingtopics: Alarmsonpage 300 Datacenteronpage 301 Datastoreonpage 301 Extensionsonpage 302 Foldersonpage 303 Globalonpage 303 HostCIMonpage 305 HostConfigurationonpage 306 HostInventoryonpage 308 HostLocalOperationsonpage 309
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Networkonpage 310 Performanceonpage 310 Permissionsonpage 311 Resourceonpage 311 ScheduledTaskonpage 313 Sessionsonpage 313 Tasksonpage 314 VirtualMachineConfigurationonpage 314 VirtualMachineInteractiononpage 317 VirtualMachineInventoryonpage 319 VirtualMachineProvisioningonpage 319 VirtualMachineStateonpage 321
Alarms
Table A-1. Alarms Privileges
Privilege Name CreateAlarm1 Description Createsanewalarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarmstab contextmenu,File>New>Alarm DeleteAlarm Deletesanexistingalarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarmstab contextmenu ModifyAlarm Changesthepropertiesofanexisting alarm. UserinterfaceelementAlarmstab contextmenu VConly VConly Used VConly Pair with Object Alarm object parent Alarm object parent Alarm object parent Effective on Object All inventory objects All inventory objects All inventory objects
1. Whencreatingalarmswithacustomaction,privilegetoperformtheactionisverifiedwhentheusercreates thealarm.
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Datacenter
Table A-2. Datacenter Privileges
Privilege Name Create Datacenter Description Createsanewdatacenter. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,toolbarbutton,andFile> NewDatacenter Removesadatacenter. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,Inventory>Datacenter> Remove,Edit>Remove Movesadatacenter. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory draganddrop Rename Datacenter Changesthenameofadatacenter. UserinterfaceelementInventory object,Inventorycontextmenu,Edit> Rename,Inventory>Datacenter> Rename VConly Datacenter Datacenters VConly VConly Datacenter plusparent object Datacenter, sourceand destination Affects VConly Pair with Object Datacenter Effective on Object Datacenter folders
Delete Datacenter
Datacenters
Move Datacenter
Datastore
Table A-3. Datastore Privileges
Privilege Name Browse Datastore Description Browsesfilesonadatastore. UserinterfaceelementAddexisting disk,browseforCDROMorFloppy media,serialorparallelportfiles Removesadatastore. UserinterfaceelementInventory datastorecontextmenu,Inventory> Datastore>Remove Deletesafileinthedatastore. UserinterfaceelementDatastore BrowsertoolbarbuttonandDatastore contextmenu HCandVC Datastores HCandVC Datastores Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Datastores Effective on Object Datastores, Datastore folders Datastores, Datastore folders Datastores
Delete Datastore
Delete DatastoreFile
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Extensions
Table A-4. Extensions Privileges
Privilege Name Register Extension Unregister Extension Update Extension Description Registersanextension(plugin). Unregistersanextension(plugin). Updatesanextension(plugin). Affects VConly VConly VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Rootfolder Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder Rootfolder Rootfolder
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Folders
Table A-5. Folder Privileges
Privilege Name CreateFolder Description Createsanewfolder. UserinterfaceelementTaskbar button,Filemenu,contextmenu DeleteFolder Deletesafolder. UserinterfaceelementFilemenu, contextmenu MoveFolder Movesafolder. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory draganddrop RenameFolder Changesthenameofafolder. UserinterfaceelementInventory paneobjecttextfield,contextmenu, Filemenu VConly Folders Folders VConly VConly Foldersplus parentobject Folders, sourceand destination Folders Affects VConly Pair with Object Folders Effective on Object Folders
Folders
Global
Table A-6. Global Privileges
Privilege Name CancelTask Description Cancelsarunningorqueuedtask. UserinterfaceelementRecenttasks panecontextmenu,Tasks&Events contextmenu.Cancurrentlycancel cloneandclonetotemplate. Capacity Planning Enablestheuseofcapacityplanningfor planningconsolidationofphysical machinestovirtualmachines. UserinterfaceelementConsolidation buttonintoolbar. Diagnostics Getslistofdiagnosticfiles,logheader, binaryfiles,ordiagnosticbundle. UserinterfaceelementFile>Export> ExportDiagnosticData,Admin SystemLogstab VConly Anyobject Rootfolder VConly Anyobject Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Anyobject Effective on Object Inventory object relatedtothe task Rootfolder
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Rootfolder
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Rootfolder
Host CIM
Table A-7. Host CIM Privileges
Privilege Name CIM Interaction Description Allowsaclienttoobtainatickettouse forCIMservices. Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Hosts Effective on Object Hosts
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Host Configuration
Table A-8. Host Configuration Privileges
Privilege Name Advanced Configuration Description Setsadvancedoptionsinhost configuration. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>Advanced Settings,Inventoryhierarchycontext menu ChangeDate TimeSettings Setstimeanddatesettingsonthehost. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>Time Configuration Allowsenablinganddisablingof backgroundsnapshotsandsettingof lockdownmode. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>SecurityProfile> LockdownMode>Edit ChangeSNMP Settings Connection Edits,restarts,andstopsSNMPagent. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. Changestheconnectionstatusofahost (connectedordisconnected). UserinterfaceelementRightclick Host Firmware Allowsupdatestothehostfirmwareon ESXihosts. NouserVIClientinterfaceelementsare associatedwiththisprivilege. Hyper Threading Enablesanddisableshyperthreadingin thehostCPUscheduler. UserinterfaceelementHost Configurationtab>Processors Maintenance Putsthehostinandoutofmaintenance mode,shutsdownandrestartsthehost. UserinterfaceelementHostcontext menu,Inventory>Host>Enter MaintenanceMode HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts(ESXi only) VConly Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts HCandVC Hosts Hosts Affects HCandVC Pair with Object Hosts Effective on Object Hosts
Change Settings
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Host Inventory
Table A-9. Host Inventory Privileges
Privilege Name AddHostTo Cluster Add Standalone Host Description Addsahosttoanexistingcluster. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,File>New>AddHost Addsastandalonehost. UserinterfaceelementToolbar button,Inventorycontextmenu, Inventory>Datacenter>AddHost, File>New>AddHost,Hoststab contextmenu Createsanewcluster. UserinterfaceelementsToolbar button,inventorycontextmenu, Inventory>Datacenter>NewCluster, File>New>Cluster Modify Cluster Changesthepropertiesofacluster. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,Inventory>Cluster> EditSettings,Summarytab Movesaclusterorstandalonehost betweenfolders. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory hierarchy MoveHost Movesasetofexistinghostsintoa cluster. Privilegemustbepresentatboththe sourceanddestination. UserinterfaceelementInventory hierarchydraganddrop Remove Cluster Deletesaclusterorstandalonehost. UserinterfaceelementInventory contextmenu,Edit>Remove, Inventory>Cluster>Remove VConly Clustersplus parentobject Clusters, Hosts VConly Hosts,source and destination Clusters, Hostfolders VConly Clusters, sourceand destination Clusters, Hostfolders VConly Clusters VConly Clusters VConly Hosts Datacenters, Hostfolders Affects VConly Pair with Object Hosts Effective on Object Clusters
CreateCluster
Datacenters, Hostfolders
Clusters
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Network
Table A-11. Network Privileges
Privilege Name Assign Network MoveNetwork Description Assignsanetworktoavirtualmachine. Affects VConly Pair with Object Virtual machine Network, sourceand destination Effective on Object Networks, Virtual machines Networks
HCandVC
Delete Network
HCandVC
Datacenter
Datacenters
Performance
Table A-12. Performance Privileges
Privilege Name Modify Intervals Description Creates,removes,andupdates performancedatacollectionintervals. Userinterfaceelement Administration>VirtualCenter ManagementServerConfiguration> Statistics Affects VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder
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Permissions
Table A-13. Permissions Privileges
Privilege Name Modify Permission Description Definesoneormorepermissionruleson anentity,orupdatesrulesifalready presentforthegivenuserorgroupon theentity. UserinterfaceelementPermissions tabcontextmenu,Inventory> Permissionsmenu ModifyRole Updatesarolesnameandthe privileges. UserinterfaceelementRolestab contextmenu,toolbarbutton,Filemenu ReassignRole Permissions Reassignsallpermissionsofaroleto anotherrole. UserinterfaceelementDeleteRole dialogboxradiobuttonandassociated menu HCandVC Anyobject Rootfolder HCandVC Anyobject Rootfolder Used HCandVC Pair with Object Anyobject plusparent object Effective on Object All inventory items
Resource
Table A-14. Resource Privileges
Privilege Name Apply Recommendation Description Askstheservertogoaheadwitha suggestedVMotion. UserinterfaceelementClusterDRS tab AssignVirtual MachineToPool Assignsvirtualmachinestoaresource pool. UserinterfaceelementNewVirtual Machinewizard CreatePool Createsanewresourcepool. UserinterfaceelementFilemenu, contextmenu,Summarytab,Resources tab HCandVC Resource pools, clusters Resource pools, clusters HCandVC Resource pools Resource pools Affects VConly Pair with Object Clusters Effective on Object Clusters
VMware, Inc.
311
Resource pools
Rootfolder
Root folder
Resource pools
312
VMware, Inc.
Scheduled Task
Table A-15. Scheduled Task Privileges
Privilege Name CreateTasks1 Description Schedulesatask.Requiresthe privilegestoperformthescheduled actionatthetimeofscheduling. UserinterfaceelementScheduled Taskstoolbarbuttonandcontextmenu ModifyTask Reconfiguresthescheduledtask properties. UserinterfaceelementInventory> ScheduledTasks>Edit,Scheduled Taskstabcontextmenu RemoveTask Removesascheduledtaskfromthe queue. UserinterfaceelementScheduled Taskscontextmenu,Inventory> ScheduledTask>Remove,Edit> Remove RunTask Runsthescheduledtaskimmediately. UserinterfaceelementScheduled Taskscontextmenu,Inventory> ScheduledTask>Run VConly Allinventory objects Allinventory objects VConly Allinventory objects Allinventory objects VConly Allinventory objects Allinventory objects Affects VConly Pair with Object Allinventory objects Effective on Object Allinventory objects
1. Creatingandrunningatask(ondemand)requirespermissiontoinvoketheassociatedaction.
Sessions
Table A-16. Session Privileges
Privilege Name Global Message Description Setsthegloballoginmessage. UserinterfaceelementSessionstab, Administration>EditMessageofthe Day Impersonatesanotheruser.This capabilityisusedbyextensions. VConly Rootfolder Rootfolder Affects VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder
Impersonate User
VMware, Inc.
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Tasks
Table A-17. Tasks Privileges
Privilege Name Create Update Description Allowsanextensiontocreatea userdefinedtask. Allowsanextensiontoupdatea userdefinedtask. Affects VConly VConly Pair with Object Rootfolder Rootfolder Effective on Object Rootfolder Rootfolder
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VMware, Inc.
HCandVC HCandVC
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315
Affects HCandVC
HCandVC
Virtual machines
Virtual machines
HCandVC
HCandVC
HCandVC HCandVC
316
VMware, Inc.
Console Interaction
Virtual machines
Virtual machines
VMware, Inc.
317
318
VMware, Inc.
Virtual machines
VMware, Inc.
319
Virtual machines
Virtual machines
Customize
320
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
321
322
VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc.
323
324
VMware, Inc.
<vm_name>-Snapshot<#>.vmem
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325
326
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
VMware, Inc.
327
DE
datastore Virtualrepresentationsofcombinationsofunderlyingphysicalstorageresources. Adatastoreisthestoragelocationforvirtualmachinefiles.Thestoragelocation canbethelocalfilesystem,aCIFSstore(Windowsonly),oranNFSmountedfile system(Linuxonly). diskmode Apropertyofavirtualdiskthatdefinesitsexternalbehavior(howthe virtualizationlayertreatsitsdata)butiscompletelyinvisibletotheguestoperating system.Availablemodesvarybyproductandincludepersistentmode(changesto thediskarealwayspreservedacrosssessions)andnonpersistentmode(changes areneverpreserved).
328
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
host ThephysicalcomputeronwhichtheVMwareServersoftwareisinstalled. hostagent Softwarethat,wheninstalledonavirtualmachinehost,performsactionsonbehalf ofaremoteclient. hostedproducts VMwareproducts(includingWorkstation,VMwarePlayer,VMwareServer, VMwareACE,andLabManager)thatrunasapplicationsonphysicalmachines withoperatingsystemssuchasMicrosoftWindowsorLinux.Bycomparison,ESX isabaremetalproduct,whichprovidesathinsoftwarelayer(thehypervisor) thatenablesittorundirectlyonthephysicalmachine. hostonlynetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehost.With hostonlynetworking,avirtualmachineisconnectedtothehostonaprivate network,whichnormallyisnotvisibleoutsidethehost.Multiplevirtualmachines configuredwithhostonlynetworkingonthesamehostareonthesamenetwork. Seealsobridgednetworking,customnetworking,NAT(networkaddress translation). hostoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsonthehostmachine.Seealsoguestoperating system.
I-L
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329
N-O
NAT(networkaddresstranslation)
In hosted networking, a type of network connection that enables you to connect your virtual machines to an external network when you have only one IP network address and the host computer uses that address. The VMware NAT device passes network data between one or more virtual machines and the external network. It identifies incoming data packets intended for each virtual machine and sends them to the correct destination.
NetBIOS(networkbasicinput/outputsystem) AnAPIthatenablesapplicationsondifferentcomputerstocommunicateacrossa LAN.NetBIOSprovidesthenameserviceandofferstwocommunicationmodes: sessionserviceforconnectionorientedcommunicationanddatagramdistribution serviceforconnectionlesscommunication. NIC(networkinterfacecard) Anexpansionboardthatprovidesadedicatedconnectionbetweenacomputer andanetwork.Alsocalledanetworkadapter. nonpersistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineappeartobewrittentotheindependentdiskbutareinfactdiscarded afterthevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldisk inindependentnonpersistentmodeisnotmodifiedbyactivityinthevirtual machine.Seealsodiskmode,persistentmode.
330
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
P-Q
permission Adataobjectconsistingofanauthorizationrole,auserorgroupname,anda managedentityreference.Apermissionallowsaspecifiedusertoaccesstheentity (suchasavirtualmachine)withanyoftheprivilegespertainingtotherole. persistentmode Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentoavirtualdiskthathasbeen configuredasanindependentdisk.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldiskin independentpersistentmodebehaveslikeaconventionaldiskdriveonaphysical computer.Seealsodiskmode,nonpersistentmode. preallocateddisk Atypeofvirtualdiskwherealldiskspaceforthevirtualmachineisallocatedat thetimethediskiscreated.Seealsogrowabledisk. privilege Authorizationtoperformaspecificactionorsetofactionsonamanagedobjector groupofmanagedobjects.
readonlyuser Aroleinwhichtheuserisallowedtoviewtheinventorybutnotallowedto performanytasks. resume Toreturnavirtualmachinetooperationfromitssuspendedstate.Whenyou resumeasuspendedvirtualmachine,allapplicationsareinthesamestatethey werewhenthevirtualmachinewassuspended.Seealsosuspend. role Adefinedsetofprivilegesthatcanbeassignedtousersandgroupstocontrol accesstoVMwareServerobjects.
S-T
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user Auserisaprincipalknowntothesystem.
VZ
virtualdisk Afileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysicaldiskdrivetoaguestoperating system.Thesefilescanbeonthehostmachineoronaremotefilesystem.Seealso growabledisk,preallocateddisk. virtualhardware Thedevicesthatmakeupavirtualmachine.Thevirtualhardwareincludesthe virtualdisk,removabledevicessuchastheCD/DVDandfloppydrives,andthe virtualEthernetadapter. virtualmachine Avirtualizedx86PCenvironmentinwhichaguestoperatingsystemand associatedapplicationsoftwarecanrun.Multiplevirtualmachinescanoperateon thesamehostmachineconcurrently. virtualmachineadministrator Aroleinwhichtheuserisallowedtoperformallthevirtualmachinemanagement functions. virtualmachineconfiguration Thespecificationofwhichvirtualdevices,suchasdisksandmemory,arepresent inavirtualmachineandhowtheyaremappedtohostfilesanddevices. virtualmachineconfigurationfile Afilecontainingavirtualmachineconfiguration.This.vmxfileiscreatedwhen youcreatethevirtualmachine.Itisusedtoidentifyandrunaspecificvirtual machine.
332
VMware, Inc.
Glossary
virtualmachineuser Aroleinwhichtheuserisallowedtoperformpoweroperationsonvirtual machines. virtualnetwork Anetworkconnectingvirtualmachinesthatdoesnotdependonphysical hardwareconnections.Forexample,youcancreateavirtualnetworkbetweena virtualmachineandahostthathasnoexternalnetworkconnections. virtualnetworkeditor Aneditorthatrunsonthehostandisusedtoviewandmodifythenetworking settingsforthevirtualnetworkscreatedbyVMwareServer. VMwareauthorizationservice TheservicethatVMwareServeremploystoauthenticateusers.Theprocessis calledvmwareauthdonLinuxhosts.
VMware, Inc.
333
334
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Index
A
About menu option VI Web Access 54 About tab VMware Tools 95 acceleration enabling and disabling in guest 128, 280 hardware in Windows Server 2003 282 access inventory objects 201 permissions 206 privileges 299 rules for inheritance 208 rules for propagation 208 Add Hardware wizard adding CD/DVD drives 151 adding floppy drives 154 adding generic SCSI devices 157 adding hard disks 144 adding network adapters 223 adding parallel ports 177 adding passthrough SCSI devices 157 adding serial ports 166 adding sound adapters 165 adding USB controllers 159 using the wizard 137 virtual machine power state 137
adding CD/DVD drives 151 datastores 110 floppy drives 154 generic SCSI devices 157 hard disks 144 host virtual adapters 227 network adapters 223 parallel ports 177 passthrough SCSI devices 157 permissions 206 roles 204 serial ports 166 sound adapters 165 USB controllers 159 virtual machine to inventory 108 add-on VMware Remote Console 52 addresses assigning IP 231 assigning MAC 234 assigning MAC manually 235 IP on virtual network 230 network address translation 248 using DHCP to assign on virtual network 230 Advanced tab VI Web Access 127 alarms privileges 300
VMware, Inc.
335
assigning IP addresses 230 MAC addresses 234 ATAPI emulation 150 audio in virtual machines 31, 165 AudioPCI sound adapter 165 automatic bridging 226, 268
B
background snapshots enabling and disabling 115 backups restoring from snapshot 120 restoring quiesced 120 taking quiesced 118 taking using VSS 118 BIOS NVRAM file in virtual machine 323 provided in virtual machine 28 setup when virtual machine boots 125 bridged networking configuring 225 explained 212 Bridging tab in virtual network editor 268 BusLogic SCSI driver 29, 63, 159
C
CD/DVD drives accessing directly 151 adding 151 autorun polling in virtual machines 281 connecting and disconnecting 132 editing 152 IDE system requirements 29 removing 153
SCSI system requirements 29 using ATAPI emulation 150 CIFS datastores 110 client devices connecting and disconnecting 132 clock real-time on Linux host 41 synchronize guest and host 93, 126 clustering applications 288 cluster in a box 291 configuring virtual machines 292 overview 287 software requirements 288 two-node cluster 293 command-line interface for VIX API 139 for VMware Tools 104 configuring advanced virtual machine options 127 automatic bridging 226, 268 bridged networking 225 CD/DVD drives 150 custom virtual networks 219 DHCP on Linux host 231 DHCP on Windows host 231 DHCP settings 227, 269 floppy drives 154 groups 203 hard disks 141 host virtual network mapping 226 memory size in virtual machines 277 NAT 251 NAT on Linux host 257 NAT settings 270 network adapters 222 parallel ports 177
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336
Index
processors in virtual machines 279 SCSI controllers 159 SCSI devices 156 second bridged network on a Linux host 237 serial ports 166 sound adapters 164 USB controllers 159 users 203 virtual machine file settings 129 virtual network subnet settings 227 virtual networking settings 267 virtual networks 211, 215, 222 VMware Tools scripts 125 connecting CD/DVD drives 132 floppy drives 132 floppy image files 132 ISO image files 132 USB devices 160 Console tab VI Web Access 52 console, virtual machine 52, 53 core files 16 CPU host requirement 24 provided in virtual machines 28 See also processors 279 creating CD/DVD drives 151 datastores 110 floppy drives 154 generic SCSI devices 157 hard disks 144 network adapters 223 parallel ports 177 passthrough SCSI devices 157 permissions 206
roles 204 serial ports 166 sound adapters 165 USB controllers 159 virtual machines 59 VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 Web shortcuts for virtual machines 133 Creative Labs 31, 165
D
datacenters privileges 301 datastores adding 110 managing 110 removing 112 renaming 111 DDNS 236 debugging effect on performance 281 enabling and disabling virtual machine 127 default scripts for VMware Tools 97 defragmenting physical host disks 274 virtual disks 147, 280 deleting CD/DVD drives 153 datastores 112 floppy drives 156 hard disks 146 network adapters 225 parallel ports 179 permissions 208 roles 205 serial ports 170 sound adapters 166
VMware, Inc.
337
USB controllers 160 virtual machines 108, 130 desktop shortcut for VMware Server 38 device drivers BusLogic SCSI 63 LSI Logic SCSI 63 VMware Tools 74 devices configuring SCSI in virtual machines 156 connecting and disconnecting in VMware Remote Console 132 connecting and disconnecting in VMware Tools 94 disconnecting USB 164 using USB in virtual machines 161 Devices menu VMware Remote Console 132 Devices tab VMware Tools 94 DHCP assigning IP addresses on a virtual network 230 changing settings 227 configuring in virtual network editor 269 configuring on a Linux host 231 configuring on a Windows host 231 on a virtual network with NAT 249 server on virtual network 217, 218 servers 214 troubleshooting on a Linux host 236 DHCP tab in virtual network editor 269 dhcpd 236 dial-up connections 233 direct memory access See DMA
disconnecting CD/DVD drives 132 floppy drives 132 floppy image files 132 ISO image files 132 USB devices 164 disk space required on host computer 24 disks defragmenting 147 DMA and performance 283 growable 62, 142 IDE drives in virtual machines 29 IDE drives supported in host 24 preallocated 62, 142 SCSI drives in virtual machines 29 SCSI drives supported in host 24 shrinking 147 types supported in host 24 DMA and disk performance 283, 284 DNS 249 drivers BusLogic SCSI 63 LSI Logic SCSI 63 video, in older versions of Windows 77 DVD drives optical drives supported in host 25 supported in virtual machines 150 See also CD/DVD drives dynamic domain name service 236
E
editing CD/DVD drives 152 floppy drives 155 generic SCSI devices 158 hard disks 145 network adapters 224
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338
Index
parallel ports 178 passthrough SCSI devices 158 permissions 207 roles 205 SCSI controllers 159 serial ports 169 sound adapters 165 Ethernet adapters See network adapters events virtual machine 57 VMware Server 57 Events tab VI Web Access 57 exiting VMware Remote Console 133 extensions privileges 302
F
fault tolerance in networks 225 files BIOS in virtual machines 323 redo log 324 sharing on a Linux host using Samba 258 snapshot 325 suspended state 325 used by a virtual machine 323 virtual disk 324 virtual machine configuration 325 virtual machine locking 325 virtual machine log 323 Firefox requirements for VI Web Access 27 requirements for VMware Remote Console 27 using VMware Remote Console 52 firewall 255
floppy drives adding 154 connecting and disconnecting editing 155 removing 156 supported in virtual machines floppy images adding 154 connecting and disconnecting editing 155 removing 156 supported in virtual machines folders privileges 303 FreeBSD VMware Tools for 86 FTP 250 full screen mode entering 131 leaving 131
132
30
132
30
G
gated server processes 235 General tab VI Web Access 124 generating VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 Web shortcuts for virtual machines 133 generic SCSI devices 156 adding 157 editing 158 removing 158 global privileges 303 graphics support in virtual machine 29 groups 201 managing 203
VMware, Inc.
339
growable virtual disks 62, 142 guest operating system defined 23 installing 68 interacting with 131 pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del 131 supported 31 upgrading 71
hosts CIM privileges 305 configuration privileges 306 inventory privileges 308 local operations privileges 309 host-wide settings 113, 115
I
ICMP 250 IDE drives in virtual machines 29 drives supported in host 24 importing virtual machines 108 independent virtual disks 63 installing disk space requirements 24 guest operating system 68 Linux guests in text mode 279 on Linux host 41 on Windows host 37 software in a virtual machine 138 VMware Remote Console addon 52 VMware Server 35 VMware Server silently on Windows hosts 39 VMware Tools 76 VMware Tools silently on Windows guests 78 Internet Explorer requirements for VI Web Access 27 requirements for VMware Remote Console 27 using VMware Remote Console 52 inventory access to objects 201 inventory panel VI Web Access 48 Iomega zip drives and parallel ports 184
H
hard disks adding 144 editing 145 removing 146 hardware version of virtual machines 61, 72 heartbeat and clustering virtual machines 292 host computer disk space required 24 system requirements 23 host operating system defined 23 supported Linux 26 supported Windows 25 host virtual adapters adding 227 disabling 227 enabling 227 removing 227 Host Virtual Adapters tab in virtual network editor 269 Host Virtual Mapping tab in virtual network editor 268 host virtual network mapping 226, 268 host-only networking basic configuration 218 selecting IP addresses 230
340
VMware, Inc.
Index
IP address assigning 231 IP forwarding 233 ISO images connecting and disconnecting 132
K
kernel upgrades and VMware Server 42 key code mappings 187 keyboards mapping on a Linux host 184 keysym defined 185 mapping 187
VI Web Access 17 virtual machine 16 VMware Authorization Service 16 VMware host agent 16 VMware Remote Console 17 logging enabling and disabling 127 logging in access permissions 201 to VI Web Access 48 logging out VI Web Access 57 LSI Logic SCSI devices 29 LSI Logic SCSI driver 63, 159
L
leaking IP packets in host-only network 232 IP packets in virtual machine 233 licensing, serial number and 39 Linux guests performance 279 VMware Tools for 80, 82 Linux hosts installing VMware Server 41 performance 274 supported operating systems 26 uninstalling VMware Server on 43 location virtual machine configuration file 124, 323 working directory 124, 323 .lck file 325 locking snapshots 126 .log file 323 log files authorization service 16 host agent 16
M
MAC addresses 234, 235 managing datastores 110 groups 203 users 203 mappings key code 187 keyboard 184 keysym 187 memory amount required on host 24 available in virtual machine 29 choosing for best performance 277 configuring 277 editing 277 host-wide settings 113, 275 reserving for virtual machines 113 setting when creating virtual machine 61 swapping in host 114 virtual machine memory size 277
VMware, Inc.
341
menu options VI Web Access 54 virtual machine 54 message log viewing VMware Remote Console 133 MIDI 164 MMU 128 modifying CD/DVD drives 152 floppy drives 155 hard disks 145 network adapters 224 parallel ports 178 permissions 207 SCSI controllers 159 serial ports 169 sound adapters 165 mouse driver installed by VMware Tools 74 MP3 164 Mylex SCSI adapter 29
N
named pipe 168, 171, 172, 173, 175 NAT advanced configuration 251 and DHCP 249 and DNS 249 and the host computer 249 configuring 270 external access from a NAT network 250 on virtual networks 216, 248 sample configuration file for Linux host 257 selecting IP addresses 230 NAT tab in virtual network editor 270
nat.conf 252, 257 NetWare, Novell 96 network adapters adding virtual 223 editing virtual 224 removing virtual 225 teaming 226, 238 networks automatic bridging 226 changing DHCP settings 227 changing subnet settings 227 changing the configuration 222 common configurations 215 components 213 configuring 211 configuring automatic bridging 268 configuring bridged 225 configuring DHCP 269 configuring NAT 270 configuring options 267 custom configurations 219 DHCP 230 DHCP server 214 dial-up connections 233 dynamic domain name service 236 fault tolerance 225 hardware addresses 234 host virtual network mapping 226 host-only 218 host-only subnet 230 IP forwarding 233 IP packet leaks 232, 233 MAC addresses 234 managing host virtual adapters 269 mapping bridged adapters 268 NAT 216, 248 NAT as firewall 255 NAT subnet 230
342
VMware, Inc.
Index
overview of virtual network options 212 packet filtering 233 privileges 310 promiscuous mode on a Linux host 247 refreshing virtual 223 routing between two host-only networks 243 routing on a Linux host 235 Samba 258 second bridged network on a Linux host 237 switches 213 teamed NICs 226, 238 token ring 217 troubleshooting DHCP on a Linux host 236 two host-only networks 240 virtual adapters 214 virtual DHCP server 217, 218 Virtual Network Editor 231 virtual switches 213 NFS datastores 110 NFS root squash option 110 NICS See network adapters nonpersistent virtual disks 63 NTBackup 118 NVRAM file for BIOS settings 323
P
packets filtering 233 leaks in host-only network 232 leaks in virtual machine 233 parallel ports adding 177 and Iomega zip drives 184 and the Linux kernel 180 configuring on a Linux host 180 editing 178 in a virtual machine 179 removing 179 paravirtualization 128 passthrough SCSI devices 156 adding 157 editing 158 removing 158 passwords in Samba password file 263 PCI slots in virtual machine 29 limits 29 performance CD/DVD drive autorun polling 281 debugging mode 281 disk options 283 DMA and disks 283 eliminating snapshots 280 installing applications in a guest 280 Linux guests 279 memory settings 277 memory usage 275, 277 privileges 310 remote disk access 280
O
operating system installing guest 68 supported guest 31 supported Linux host 26 supported Windows host 25 Options tab VMware Tools 93
VMware, Inc.
343
Windows 2000 guest 282 Windows 95 and Windows 98 guests 283 permissions 201, 206 access 206 creating 206 editing 207 hierarchy of 208 privileges 311 removing 208 settings, multiple 208 persistent virtual disks 63 physical disks storing virtual disks on 64, 143 ping 250 pipe, named 168, 171, 172, 173, 175 plug-in VMware Remote Console 52 power off snapshot options 127, 199 power state changing virtual machine 122 current virtual machine 51 Power tab VI Web Access 125 preallocated virtual disks 62, 142 privileges 201, 299 alarms 300 configuration 306 datacenter 301 extension 302 folders 303 global 303 host CIM 305 host inventory 308 host local operations 309 network 310 performance 310 permission 311
344
resource 311 scheduled tasks 313 sessions 313 tasks 314 virtual machine 319 virtual machine configuration 314 virtual machine interaction 317 virtual machine provisioning 319 virtual machine state 321 processor count configuring 279 maximum in virtual machine 279 setting when creating virtual machine 62 processors host requirement 24 provided in virtual machines 28 product compatibility 61 product registration 15 promiscuous mode 247 PXE image file 36, 62
Q
quiesced backups 118 quiet mode, install VMware Tools 78 quitting VMware Remote Console 133
R
RAM amount required on host 24 available in virtual machine 29 Real Media 164 real-time clock requirement on Linux host 41 redo-log files 324 refreshing virtual network 223 registration 15
VMware, Inc.
Index
Remote Console See VMware Remote Console removing CD/DVD drives 153 datastores 112 floppy drives 156 generic SCSI devices 158 hard disks 146 host virtual adapters 227 network adapters 225 parallel ports 179 passthrough SCSI devices 158 permissions 208 roles 205 serial ports 170 sound adapters 166 USB controllers 160 USB devices 164 virtual machines from inventory 108, 130 renaming datastores 111 roles 205 repairing VMware Tools installations 91 reporting problems 15 resources privileges 311 resuming virtual machines 193 roles 201 configuring 203 creating 204 default 204 editing 205 managing 203 privileges, lists of 299 removing 205 renaming 205
VMware, Inc.
routed server processes 235 routing between two host-only networks 243 for a host-only network on a Linux host 235 RPM installer for VMware Server 42 for VMware Tools 80, 82 running suspended virtual machines 193
S
Samba already running on a Linux host 264 and file sharing on a Linux host 258 and printer sharing 259 CIFS datastores 110 on both bridged and host-only networks 265 password file 263 running two Samba servers 265 sample configuration file 259, 261, 265 saving virtual machine state 193, 195 scan code 185 scheduled tasks privileges 313 scripts creating custom VMware Tools 99 enabling, disabling, and running 94 running and disabling 100 running during power state changes 97 VMware Tools 125 Scripts tab VMware Tools 94 SCSI controller 159
345
SCSI devices adding 157 editing 158 generic 156 host requirement 24 in virtual machine 29 passthrough 156 removing 158 SCSI reservation and clustering 288 enabling 289 issues to consider 291 preallocated virtual disks 288 sharing SCSI disks 288 support 289 serial connections between host application and virtual machine 170 between two virtual machines 172 changing input speed 176 to a serial port on the host 170 yielding CPU on poll 176 serial number 15, 36, 39, 54 serial ports adding 166 configuring 170 editing 169 example usage 170 removing 170 using 170 servers DHCP 214, 227, 231, 236, 249, 256 DNS 236, 249, 252, 271 Samba 258 WINS 250, 255 service VSS Writer 118 sessions privileges 313
346
Shared Folders tab VMware Tools 95 sharing files on a Linux host with Samba 258 shortcut, desktop, for VMware Server 38 Shrink tab VMware Tools 95 shrinking virtual disks 95, 147 virtual disks in Netware 96 shutting down host-wide virtual machine settings 115 order of virtual machines 117 smb.conf file 259, 261, 265 Snapshot tab VI Web Access 126 snapshots as background activity 115, 197 eliminating for performance 280 excluding virtual disks from 198 files for storing 325 host-wide settings 115 locking 126 power-off options 127, 199 removing 199 reverting to 199 taking 198 using with VSS backups 119 virtual machine 195 Solaris VMware Tools for 84 sound configuring in virtual machines 164 Sound Blaster 165 support in guest 31
VMware, Inc.
Index
sound adapters adding 165 device compatibility 164 drivers for Windows guests 165 editing 165 removing 166 sound drivers 165 specifications for virtual machines 28 starting suspended virtual machines 193 virtual machines automatically 116 startup host-wide virtual machine settings 115 order of virtual machines 117 startup commands used by VMware Tools 102 startup scripts using VMware Tools 101 statistics enabling and disabling 128 stopping order of virtual machines 117 subnet changing settings 227 in NAT configuration 230 on host-only networks 230 Summary tab 51 in virtual network editor 267 VI Web Access 51 supported guest operating systems 31 supported host operating systems Linux 26 Windows 25 suspending virtual machine files storing state 325 virtual machines 193
SVGA drivers installing in Windows guests 77 SVGA graphics support 29 swap space on a Linux host 274 switches virtual networks 213 system requirements 23 memory 24 processors 24 remote client 27 VI Web Access 27 VMware Remote Console 27
T
tabs in VI Web Access 49 in VMware Tools control panel 91 tar installer for VMware Server 41 for VMware Tools 82 tasks privileges 314 virtual machine 56 VMware Server 56 Tasks tab VI Web Access 56 teamed network interface cards 226, 238 telnet 250 time synchronization, between guest and host 93, 126 time.synchronize options for VMware Tools 93 token ring networks 217 toolbar power operations 122 USB controller 160 tools See VMware Tools
VMware, Inc.
347
U
uninstalling host virtual adapters 227 VMware Server on Linux host 43 VMware Server on Windows host 41 VMware Tools 91 unplugging USB devices 164 updating guest operating system 71 virtual machine hardware version 72 upgrading guest operating system 71 Linux kernel, reconfiguring VMware Server after 42 virtual machine hardware version 72 USB connecting devices 160 control of devices by host and guest 163 devices in a virtual machine 161 disconnecting devices 164 enabling and disabling the controller 159 on a Linux host 163 on a Windows host 162 port specifications 30 supported device types 161 USB 1.1 161 USB 2.0 161 USB controllers adding 159 removing 160 users configuring 203 managing 203
V
VGA graphics support 29 VI Web Access changing guest operating system 124 changing virtual machine name 124 changing virtual machine power settings 109, 125 configuring VMware Tools scripts 125 Events tab 57 General tab 124 inventory panel 48 log files 17 logging in 48 logging out 57 managing virtual machine inventory 108 menu options 54 overview 48 Power tab 125 setting guest operating system 124 setting snapshot options 126 setting virtual machine name 124 setting virtual machine power options 125 Snapshot tab 126 Summary tab 51 Tasks tab 56 Virtual Machines tab 109 workspace 48 Virtual Appliance Marketplace 36, 54 Virtual Disk Manager 149 virtual disks adding 144 allocating space 142 caching 64 constituent files 324 defragmenting 147, 280
348
VMware, Inc.
Index
editing 145 growable 62, 142 independent mode 63 nonpersistent 63 persistent 63 preallocated 62, 142 removing 146 SCSI drivers 63 setting maximum size 142 shrinking 95, 147 shrinking in Netware 96 size 29 storing on physical disks 64, 143 Virtual Disk Manager 149 Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) 74 virtual machines adding CD/DVD drives 151 adding floppy drives 154 adding hard disks 144 adding parallel ports 177 adding serial ports 166 adding sound adapters 165 adding to inventory 108 adding USB controllers 159 and SMP 278 changing guest operating system 124 changing power settings 109, 125 changing snapshot settings 126 changing the name of 124 choosing datastore location 59 configuration file 325 configuration file location 124, 323 configuration file parameters 129 configuration privileges 314 configuring memory 277 configuring processor count 279 configuring SCSI controllers 159
VMware, Inc.
configuring sound 165 configuring sound adapters 164 console to interact with guest 52, 53 constituent files 323 creating 59 creating virtual disks 62 creating VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 creating Web shortcuts 133 default location 59 deleting 108, 130 deleting floppy drives 156 editing CD/DVD drives 152 editing floppy drives 155 editing hard disks 145 editing parallel ports 178 editing serial ports 169 editing sound adapters 165 entering BIOS setup at boot 125 events 57 generating VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 generating Web shortcuts 133 hardware specifications 28 hardware version 61, 72 host-wide settings 115 IDE drives in 29 importing 108 installing software in 138 interaction privileges 317 inventory of 108 inventory privileges 319 location 59 log files 323 managing inventory 108 memory settings 61 menu options 54 performing disk maintenance 147 platform specifications 28
349
power operations 122 processor settings 62 product compatibility 61 provisioning privileges 319 removing CD/DVD drives 153 removing floppy drives 156 removing from inventory 108, 130 removing hard disks 146 removing parallel ports 179 removing serial ports 170 removing sound adapters 166 removing USB controllers 160 resuming 193 setting guest operating system 124 setting power options 125 setting shutdown order 117 setting snapshot options 126 setting startup order 117 setting the name of 124 starting automatically 116 state privileges 321 status information 51 summary information 51 summary view 51 suspending 193 tasks 56 working directory location 124, 323 Virtual Machines tab VI Web Access 109 virtual network adapters 214 Virtual Network Editor 267 virtual networks adding adapters 223 changing the configuration 222 components 213 configuring 211 configuring in virtual network editor 267 DHCP server 218
350
editing adapters 224 refreshing 223 removing adapters 225 teamed NICs 226 Virtual SMP 278 virtual switches 213 VIX API 23, 139 VMCI Sockets interface 139 .vmdk file 324 .vmem file 325 VMI (Virtual Machine Interface) 128 vmnet1.conf 237 VMnet8 248 vmrun 139 .vmsd file 325 .vmsn file 325 .vmss file 325 vmvsswriter.cfg file 119 VMware Authorization Service default port 43 log 16 vmware-config.pl 42 VMware host agent log 16 VMware Remote Console 17 desktop shortcuts 134 full screen mode 131 installing Web browser add-on 52 interacting with guest 131 powering off 132 quitting 133 resetting 132 shortcuts 134 starting 53 viewing message log 133 VMware Remote Console shortcuts 134 VMware Server host-wide settings 113 logging in 48
VMware, Inc.
Index
logging out 57 serial number for 39 VMware Tools 126 About tab 95 automated install 78 command-line interface 104 configuring 91 configuring in a Netware virtual machine 96 control panel 91 device drivers 74 Devices tab 94 for FreeBSD guests 86 for Linux guests 80, 82 for Solaris guests 84 installing 76 installing from the command line with the RPM installer 82 installing from the command line with the tar installer 82 installing in Windows guests 76 interacting with VSS 118 modifying installation 91 Options tab 93 repairing installation 91 running 122 running scripts during power state changes 97 Scripts tab 94 Shared Folders tab 95 Shrink tab 95 silent install 78 taskbar icon, displaying 92 uninstalling 91 using from command line 96 VMware user process 75 vmwtool commands 96 VMware Tools scripts 125
VMware Tools service executing commands on halt or reboot 101 overview of 74 passing strings from the host 101 VMware user process, in VMware Tools 75 vmware-user, starting manually 89 vmware-config.pl file 42 vmwtool program 96 .vmx file 325 .vmxf file 325 Volume Shadow Copy Service 118 v-scan code defined 185 table of codes 188 VSS 118
W
.wav file 164 Web shortcuts creating 133 generating 133 Windows Backup 118 Windows credential manager 111 Windows hosts installing VMware Server 37 uninstalling VMware Server 41 working directory 124, 323 workspace in VI Web Access 48
X
X server and keyboard mapping 184 xFree86 and keyboard mapping 184
Z
zip drives on a parallel port 184
VMware, Inc.
351
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VMware, Inc.