Server VM Manual

Virtual Machine Guide
VMware Server 1.0
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Revision: 20060706 Item: SVR-ENG-Q206-227
You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation at: http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: docfeedback@vmware.com
2006 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Protected by one or more of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,397,242, 6,496,847, 6,704,925, 6,711,672, 6,725,289, 6,735,601, 6,785,886, 6,789,156, 6,795,966, 6,880,022, 6,961,941, 6,961,806 and 6,944,699; patents pending. VMware, the VMware boxes logo and design, Virtual SMP and VMotion are registered trademarks or trademarks of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
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Contents
Chapter1IntroductionandSystemRequirements ...............1
VMwareServerOverview ...............................................1 FeaturesofVMwareServer ..............................................2 Supportfor32bitand64bitGuestOperatingSystems ...................2 TwoWayVirtualSMP(ExperimentalSupport) ..........................2 ConnecttoVMwareGSXVirtualMachinesandHosts....................2 UpgradeandUseGSXVirtualMachines ................................3 MoveExistingVirtualMachines.......................................3 CompatiblewithVMwareWorkstation5.xVirtualMachines..............3 ConfigureVirtualHardwareDevicestobeAutomaticallyDetected ........3 TakeandReverttoSnapshotsintheBackground ........................3 SupportforVMwareVirtualMachineImporter ..........................3 SupportforVirtualCenter.............................................4 APIsIncludedwithVMwareServer ......................................4 HostSystemRequirements ..............................................4 ServerHostHardware................................................4 WindowsHostOperatingSystemRequirements .........................6 LinuxHostOperatingSystemRequirements ............................7 RemoteClientRequirements.........................................10 VirtualMachineSpecifications ..........................................12 SupportedGuestOperatingSystems.....................................15 HardwareRequirementsfor64bitGuestOperatingSystems.............15 HardwareRequirementsfor32bitGuestOperatingSystems.............16 TechnicalSupportResources ...........................................19 SelfServiceSupport.................................................20 OnlineandTelephoneSupport.......................................20 SupportOfferings...................................................20 ReportingProblems .................................................20 LogFiles...........................................................21
Chapter2CreatingaNewVirtualMachine......................25
SettingUpaNewVirtualMachine ......................................25
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WhatsinaVirtualMachine? .........................................25 CreatingaNewVirtualMachinewiththeVirtualMachineWizard ........27 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystem .....................................37 Example:InstallingWindowsServer2003asaGuestOS.................37
Chapter3UsingVMwareTools....................................39
AboutVMwareTools ..................................................39 InstallingVMwareTools...............................................41 InstallingVMwareToolsinaWindowsVirtualMachine .................41 InstallingVMwareToolsinaLinuxVirtualMachine ....................50 InstallingVMwareToolsinaNetWareVirtualMachine .................53 ExecutingScriptsWhentheVirtualMachinesPowerStateChanges.........55 ConfiguringVMwareTools ............................................56 ConfiguringVMwareToolsinaWindowsVirtualMachine ..............57 ConfiguringVMwareToolsinaLinux,FreeBSD,orSolarisVirtualMachine 60 ConfiguringVMwareToolsinaNetWareVirtualMachine ...............64 AbouttheVMwareToolsService........................................68 SynchronizingtheTimeintheGuestOSwiththeHostOS ...............69 ExecutingCommandsAfterYouPowerOfforResetaVirtualMachine....70 PassingaStringfromtheHostOStotheGuestOS......................70 PassingInformationBetweentheGuestOSandaVMwareAPIScript .....73
Chapter4RunningVirtualMachines .............................75
OverviewoftheVMwareServerConsoleWindow ........................75 UsingtheHomeTab ................................................77 UsingTabs.........................................................78 ConfiguringaVirtualMachine .......................................79 UsingtheVirtualMachineInventory ..................................79 DisplayingHints ...................................................80 CheckingtheStatusofVMwareTools.................................80 CreatingaScreenShotofaVirtualMachine ............................81 ConnectingtoVirtualMachinesandVMwareServerHosts .................82 ConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromaWindowsHostorClient .........82 ConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromaLinuxHostorClient.............84 ConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromtheVMwareManagementInterface .85 ConnectingtoaDifferentVMwareServerHost .........................85 ConnectingtoVMwareGSXServerandOlderVirtualMachines..........86 ChangingthePowerStateofaVirtualMachine ...........................88
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UsingPowerOptionsforVirtualMachines.............................88 SuspendingandResumingVirtualMachines ...........................91 ShuttingDownaVirtualMachine.....................................92 PoweringVirtualMachinesOnandOff ................................92 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplay.................................95 UsingFullScreenMode .............................................95 UsingQuickSwitchMode ...........................................95 TakingAdvantageofMultipleMonitors...............................96 FittingtheVMwareServerConsoleWindowtotheVirtualMachine .......97 FittingaWindowsGuestOSDisplaytotheConsoleWindow.............97 SimplifyingtheScreenDisplay .......................................98 RunningVirtualMachinesfromDVDsorCDROMDiscs ..................98 UsingPXEwithVirtualMachines......................................100 InstallingSoftwareinaVirtualMachine.................................101 Cutting,Copying,andPastingText.....................................102 UsingDevicesinaVirtualMachine.....................................102 Adding,Configuring,andRemovingDevicesinaVirtualMachine .......103 ConnectingandDisconnectingRemovableDevices ....................104 CommandReference .................................................104 StartupOptionsonaLinuxHost.....................................105 StartupOptionsonaWindowsHost .................................106 UsingKeyboardShortcuts ..........................................106
Chapter5PreservingtheStateofaVirtualMachine ...........109
SuspendingandResumingVirtualMachines ............................109 SettingtheSuspendedStateFileDirectory ............................110 TakingSnapshots ....................................................112 WhatIsCapturedbyaSnapshot? ....................................113 WaysofUsingSnapshots...........................................114 SnapshotsandaVirtualMachinesHardDisks ........................114 SnapshotsandOtherActivityintheVirtualMachine ...................115 SettingsforSnapshots ..............................................115 SnapshotActionsasBackgroundActivity .............................116 RemovingtheSnapshot ............................................116 SnapshotsandLegacyDiskModes ...................................117 SnapshotsandLegacyVirtualMachines..............................117
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Chapter6UsingDisksinaVirtualMachine.....................119
ConfiguringHardDiskStorageinaVirtualMachine......................119 DiskTypes:VirtualandPhysical.....................................120 AdditionalInformationaboutDisk,RedoLog,Snapshot,andLockFiles ..122 DefragmentingandShrinkingVirtualDisks ...........................125 ConfiguringOpticalandFloppyDrives.................................128 ConfiguringVirtualDVD/CDROMDrives ...........................128 ConfiguringVirtualFloppyDrives ...................................130 AddingDrivestoaVirtualMachine....................................131 AddingVirtualDiskstoaVirtualMachine ............................132 AddingPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachine ...........................134 AddingDVD/CDROMDrivestoaVirtualMachine....................137 AddingFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachine ...........................138 UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManager...................................139 RunningtheVMwareVirtualDiskManagerUtility ....................140 ShrinkingVirtualDiskswithVMwareVirtualDiskManager............143 ExamplesUsingtheVMwareVirtualDiskManager ....................144 InstallinganOperatingSystemontoaPhysicalPartition ..................146 ConfiguringaWindowsHost .......................................147 ConfiguringaLinuxHost ...........................................149 DiskPerformanceinWindowsNTGuestsonMultiprocessorHosts.........150 ImprovingPerformance ............................................151
Chapter7Networking .............................................153
ComponentsoftheVirtualNetwork ....................................153 CommonNetworkingConfigurations...................................155 BridgedNetworking...............................................156 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT) .................................157 HostOnlyNetworking .............................................158 CustomNetworkingConfigurations ....................................159 ChangingtheNetworkingConfiguration................................162 AddingandModifyingVirtualNetworkAdapters .....................162 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingOptionsonaWindowsHost..........164 Enabling,Disabling,Adding,andRemovingHostVirtualAdapters ......168 AdvancedNetworkingTopics.........................................171 SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfiguration...172 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetwork...................174 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachine ......176
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ControllingRoutingforaHostOnlyNetworkonaLinuxHost..........177 IssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonaLinuxHost ....................178 SettingUpaSecondBridgedNetworkInterfaceonaLinuxHost .........179 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingWhenUsingTeamedNetworkInterface Cards.........................................................180 SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworks ........................182 RoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworks ...........................185 UsingVirtualEthernetAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHost..189 UnderstandingNAT..................................................190 UsingNAT .......................................................191 TheHostComputerandtheNATNetwork ...........................191 DHCPontheNATNetwork ........................................191 DNSontheNATNetwork ..........................................191 ExternalAccessfromtheNATNetwork ..............................192 AdvancedNATConfiguration ......................................193 CustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHost ............196 ConsiderationsforUsingNAT ......................................198 UsingNATwithNetLogon .........................................198 SampleLinuxvmnetnat.confFile ....................................200 UsingSambaforFileSharingonaLinuxHost ...........................201
Chapter8ConfiguringDevices ...................................211
UsingParallelPorts ..................................................211 AboutParallelPorts................................................211 AddingaParallelPortinaVirtualMachine...........................212 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaLinuxHost...........................213 SpecialNotesfortheIomegaZipDrive...............................216 UsingSerialPorts....................................................216 UsingaSerialPortontheHostComputer .............................217 UsingaFileontheHostComputer...................................218 ConnectinganApplicationontheHosttoaVirtualMachine ............220 ConnectingTwoVirtualMachines...................................221 SpecialConfigurationOptionsforAdvancedUsers ....................223 Examples:DebuggingoveraVirtualSerialPort........................224 KeyboardMappingonaLinuxHost ....................................226 KeyboardMappingforaRemoteServer..............................226 KeyboardMappingSupportforthePC...............................227 VScanCodeTable .................................................229 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachine ................................232
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NotesonUSBSupport..............................................233 AddingaUSBController ...........................................233 ConnectingUSBDevices............................................234 UsingUSBwithaWindowsHost....................................235 ReplacingUSB2.0DriversonaWindows2000Host....................235 UsingUSBwithaLinuxHost .......................................235 USBDeviceControl ................................................236 USBDevices ......................................................237 DisconnectingUSBDevicesfromaVirtualMachine ....................237 ConnectingtoaGenericSCSIDevice ...................................237 DeviceSupportinGuestOperatingSystems...........................238 AddingaGenericSCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachine ....................239 GenericSCSIonaWindowsHostOperatingSystem ...................240 GenericSCSIonaLinuxHostOperatingSystem .......................243 UsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing(Experimental) ........244
Chapter9VideoandSound.......................................247
SettingScreenColorDepthinaVirtualMachine .........................247 ChangingScreenColorDepthontheHost ............................248 ChangingScreenColorDepthintheVirtualMachine...................248 UsingFullScreenModeonaLinuxHost................................248 ConfiguringSound ...................................................249 InstallingSoundDriversinaWindowsServer2003GuestOS............249 InstallingSoundDriversinWindows9xandNTGuestOS ..............249
Chapter10PerformanceTuningforVirtualMachines .........251
AllocatingMemorytoaVirtualMachine ................................251 ConfiguringVirtualMachineMemoryfromaConsole..................252 ImprovingPerformanceforGuestOperatingSystems.....................253 Windows2000,WindowsXPandWindowsServer2003GuestOSPerformance Tips ..........................................................253 Windows95andWindows98GuestOperatingSystemPerformanceTips .254 LinuxGuestOperatingSystemPerformanceTips......................256
Glossary..............................................................257 Index .................................................................265
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Introduction and System Requirements

C HAPTER 1
ThischapterintroducesyoutoVMwareServerandcoversthefollowingtopics:
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VMwareServerOverviewonpage 1 FeaturesofVMwareServeronpage 2 HostSystemRequirementsonpage 5 VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 12 SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 15 TechnicalSupportResourcesonpage 20
VMware Server Overview

VMwareServerisafreevirtualizationproductforMicrosoftWindowsandLinux servers.Itenablesuserstoquicklyprovisionnewservercapacitybypartitioninga physicalserverintomultiplevirtualmachines.YoucanuseVMwareServerto provisionawidevarietyofplugandplayvirtualappliancesforcommonlyused infrastructure. VMwareServersupports:
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Anystandardx86hardware. AwidevarietyofLinux,NetWare,Solaris,andWindowsoperatingsystems, including64bitoperatingsystems.Forinformationaboutspecifichardware requirements,seeVMwareKnowledgeBasearticle1901orHardware Requirementsfor64bitGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 15. TwowayVirtualSMP(experimentalsupport). IntelVirtualizationTechnology(experimentalsupport).
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WithVMwareServer,youcan:
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Provisionanewserverwithoutinvestinginmorehardwarebylocatingmultiple virtualmachinesonthesamehost.
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RunWindowsandLinuxoperatingsystemsandapplicationswithoutsoftware conflictsbecausevirtualmachinesarecompletelyisolatedfromoneanotherand fromthephysicalhost. Movevirtualmachinesfromonephysicalhosttoanotherwithouthavingto reconfigure. Shortenthetimeforprovisioninganewserverbycreatinganddeployingcustom virtualmachineswiththeVMwareServerVirtualMachineWizard. Movevirtualmachinestodifferentphysicalhostsasconditionschange.
Formoreinformation,seeFeaturesofVMwareServeronpage 2.
Features of VMware Server

ThissectionprovidesinformationaboutkeyfeaturesofVMwareServer.
Support for 32-bit and 64-bit Guest Operating Systems

VMwareServerprovidesfullandexperimentalsupportforvirtualmachinesrunning 32bitand64bitguestoperatingsystems.Formoreinformation,seeSupportedGuest OperatingSystemsonpage 15.Thehostmachinetheserveronwhichyouinstall VMwareServermusthaveoneoftheprocessorsthatVMwareServersupports.You canusearemoteconsolerunningona32bitmachinetoconnecttoa64bithost machinerunning64bitguestoperatingsystems.Formoreinformation,seeHardware Requirementsfor64bitGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 15.
Two-Way Virtual SMP (Experimental Support)

ExperimentalsupportfortwowayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing(VirtualSMP) letsyouassigntwovirtualprocessorstoavirtualmachineonanyhostmachinethathas atleasttwologicalprocessors.VMwareServerdoesnotsupportguestswithmorethan twovirtualprocessors.Youcan,however,poweronandrunmultipledualprocessor virtualmachines.Formoreinformation,seeUsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetric Multiprocessing(Experimental)onpage 244.
Connect to VMware GSX Virtual Machines and Hosts

YoucanconnecttohostsrunningVMwareGSXServer3fromtheVMwareServer ConsoleandrunvirtualmachinesinVMwareServercreatedunderVMwareGSX Server3aslegacymachines.Forinformation,seeConnectingtoVMwareGSXServer andOlderVirtualMachinesonpage 86.
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Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Upgrade and Use GSX Virtual Machines

YoucanupgradethevirtualhardwareofvirtualmachinescreatedunderbothVMware GSXServer2and3.Youmustupgradehardwareofvirtualmachinescreatedunder GSX2torunthemunderVMwareServer.Formoreinformation,seeUpgradingthe VirtualHardwareonaLegacyVirtualMachineintheVMwareServerAdministration Guide.
Move Existing Virtual Machines

YoucanmovevirtualmachinesfromoneVMwareServerhosttoanotherandfroma VMwareGSXServerorVMwareWorkstationhosttoahostrunningVMwareServer. Formoreinformation,seeMovingandSharingVirtualMachinesintheVMware ServerAdministrationGuide.
Compatible with VMware Workstation 5.x Virtual Machines

YoucanrunvirtualmachinescreatedusingVMwareWorkstation5.x.However,you cannotconnectfromahostrunningVMwareServertoahostrunningVMware Workstation.
Configure Virtual Hardware Devices to be Automatically Detected

Youcanconfigureanumberofvirtualdevices,includingserialandparallelports, DVD/CDROMdrives,floppydrives,andsounddrivers(Linuxonly)tobe automaticallydetected.Thebenefitofautodetectdevicesisthatyoucanmovethem betweenvirtualmachinesrunningdifferentguestoperatingsystems,suchasWindows andLinux,withouthavingtoreconfigurethedevices.Formoreinformation,seeUsing DevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 102.
Take and Revert to Snapshots in the Background

Youcanconfigureanyvirtualmachinetotakeandreverttosnapshotsinthe background.Whenyoutakeasnapshot,youpreservethestateofthevirtualmachine, includingthestateofthedataonallthevirtualmachinedisksandwhetherthevirtual machinewaspoweredon,poweredoff,orsuspended.Formoreinformation,see SnapshotActionsasBackgroundActivityonpage 116.
Support for VMware Virtual Machine Importer

VMwareServerincludessupportfortheVMwareVirtualMachineImporterversion 1.5,whichletsyouimportvirtualmachinesfromMicrosoftVirtualServerandVirtual PCaswellasSymantecLiveStateRecoverysystemimages.
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ToaccesstheVMwareVirtualMachineImporterfromtheVMwareServerConsole, chooseFile>ImportorFile>Open.TheWizardtoimportavirtualmachineorsystem imageopens.YoucanaccesstheVMwareVirtualMachineImporteronlyfroma Windowshostmachine. FormoredetailedinformationabouthowtousetheVMwareVirtualMachine Importer,seetheVMwareVirtualMachineImporterUsersManual.
Support for VirtualCenter

VMwareServerincludessupportforusingVirtualCenterversion1.4tomanagevirtual machinesrunningonVMwareServer.
APIs Included with VMware Server

VMwareServersupportstheVMwarescriptingAPIs,whichincludetheVmPerlAPI andtheVmCOMAPI,andtheProgrammingAPI.AlloftheAPIsareinstalledona WindowshostwhenyouperformacompleteinstallationusingtheVMwareServer WindowsInstaller.TheProgrammingAPIandVmPerlAPIareinstalledwhenyou installtheVMwareServersoftware.YoucanalsoinstallanyoftheAPIsonaclient machine.
Host System Requirements

YoucaninstalltheVMwareServersoftwareonaMicrosoftWindowsorLinuxserver. Youcanstorevirtualmachinesontheserverhostorlocatethemonanetworkshare.
Server Host Hardware

VMwareServersupportsupto16waymultiprocessorservers.Thenumberofvirtual machinesyoucanrunconcurrentlydependsontheresourcestheyrequire,but VMwarerecommendsyourunnomorethanfourvirtualmachinesconcurrentlyper processor.Youcanrunamaximumof64virtualmachinesconcurrentlyononehost. Theserverhosthardwareincludes:
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(Standardx86basedserverwithupto16processorshostswith32bitIA32 processors,andIA32processorswith64bitextensionssupported 733MHzorfastercompatiblex86processorthatsupportsthePentiuminstruction set
Compatibleprocessorsinclude:
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Intel:PentiumII,PentiumIII,Pentium4,PentiumMXeon,andEM64T.
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AMD:Athlon,AthlonMP,AthlonXP,AMDOpteron,AMDAthlon64, Turion64. ExperimentalsupportforAMDSempron. Multiprocessorsystemsaresupported. Dualcoreprocessorsaresupportedandcountedasoneprocessorfor licensing.
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Processor Requirements for 64-bit Guests Yourservermustberunningoneofthefollowing64bitprocessorstobeableto configureavirtualmachinerunninga64bitguest.

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AMDAthlon64,revisionDorlater AMDOpteron,revisionEorlater AMDTurion64,revisionEorlater AMDSempron,64bitcapablerevisionDorlater IntelEM64TVTcapableprocessors
Memory
YouneedenoughmemorytoruntheMicrosoftWindowsorLinuxhostoperating system,plusmemoryrequiredforeachguestoperatingsystemandapplicationsonthe hostandeachguest.Seeyourguestoperatingsystemandapplicationdocumentation fortheirmemoryrequirements. Memoryrequirementsinclude:
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Minimum:512MB Maximum:
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64GBforWindowshostsandLinuxhoststhatsupportlargememoryorare PAEenabled 4GBfornonPAEenabledWindowshostsor2GBforLinuxhostswithkernels inthe2.2.xseries
Display
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16bitdisplayadapterorhigher
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Host Hard Disk

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250MBfreediskspaceonWindowshostsrequiredforVMwareServer,VMware ManagementInterface,theVmPerlAPI,theVmCOMAPI,theProgrammingAPI, andVMwareServerConsoleinstallation. 200MBfreediskspaceonLinuxhostsrequiredforVMwareServer,VMware ManagementInterface,VmPerlAPI,ProgrammingAPI,andVMwareServer Consoleinstallation.

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Diskspacein/tmponLinuxhostsshouldbeequivalentto1.5timesthe amountofmemoryonthehost.Forinformationonthe/tmpdirectory,read VMwareknowledgebasearticle844at http://www.vmware.com/support/kb/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=844.
Sufficientfreediskspaceforeachguestoperatingsystemandtheapplication softwareusedwithit.Usingadefaultsetup,theactualdiskspaceneedsare approximatelythesameasthoseforinstallingandrunningtheguestoperating systemandapplicationsonaphysicalcomputer. IDEorSCSIharddrivesandDVD/CDROMdrivessupported. Guestoperatingsystemscanresideinvirtualdiskfilesoronphysical(raw)disk partitions.
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Local Area Networking

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AnyEthernetcontrollerthatthehostoperatingsystemsupports. NonEthernetnetworksaresupportedusingbuiltinnetworkaddresstranslation (NAT)orusingacombinationofhostonlynetworkingplusroutingsoftwareon thehostoperatingsystem. StaticIPaddressforyourhostmachine(recommended).
Windows Host Operating System Requirements

YoumustuseaMicrosoftWindowsserveroperatingsystem.TousetheVMware ManagementInterface,InternetInformationServer(IIS)5.0or6.0mustbeinstalled. NOTE Operatingsystemsandservicepacksthatarenotlistedarenotsupportedfor useasahostoperatingsystemforVMwareServer.
64bithostcomputerscanrunthefollowingoperatingsystemsfor64bitextended systems:
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MicrosoftWindowsServer2003Enterprise,Standard,andWebEditions,R2
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MicrosoftWindowsServer2003Enterprise,Standard,andWebEditions,Service Pack1
32bithostcomputerscanrunthefollowingoperatingsystems:
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MicrosoftWindowsServer2003Enterprise,Standard,Web,andSmallBusiness Editions,includingServicePack1 MicrosoftWindows2000AdvancedServer,ServicePack3andServicePack4 MicrosoftWindows2000Server,ServicePack3andServicePack4
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VmPerlAPIrequiresPerl5.005xorhigher. VMwareManagementInterfacerequiresoneofthesebrowsers:
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InternetExplorer5.5or6.0(6.0highlyrecommended) Firefox1.x Mozilla1.x NetscapeNavigator7.0 VMwareteststheVMwareManagementInterfaceforstabilityandreliability withnewbrowserversions.VMwaremakeseveryefforttoaddsupportfor newbrowserversionsinatimelymanner,butuntilabrowserisaddedtothe abovelist,itsusewiththeproductisnotsupported.
NOTE
Linux Host Operating System Requirements

Supporteddistributionsandkernelsarelistedinthissection.VMwareServermightnot runonsystemsthatdonotmeettheserequirements.Platformsthatarenotlistedare notsupported. 64bithostcomputerscanrunthefollowingoperatingsystemsfor64bitextended systems:
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RedHatEnterpriseLinux3.0AS,ES,andWS,stock2.4.21,update2.4.2115,and updates6and7 RedHatEnterpriseLinux3.0AS,ES,andWS,update8(experimentalsupport) RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0AS,ES,andWS,includingupdate3 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0update4(experimentalsupport) SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10(experimentalsupport) SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9,includingSP1,SP2,andSP3 SUSELinux10

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SUSELinux10.1 SUSELinux9.3 SUSELinux9.2,includingSP1 SUSELinux9.1stock2.6.452 MandrivaLinux2006 UbuntuLinux5.04and5.10 UbuntuLinux6.06(experimentalsupport)
32bithostcomputerscanrunthefollowingoperatingsystems:
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MandrivaLinux2006 MandrakeLinux10.1 MandrakeLinux9.0stock2.4.19 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0AS,ES,andWS,includingupdates1,2,and3 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0update4(experimentalsupport) RedHatEnterpriseLinux3.0,updates1,2,3,4,5,6,and7 RedHatEnterpriseLinux3.0update8(experimentalsupport) RedHatEnterpriseLinux2.1stock2.4.9e3 RedHatLinux9.0,stock2.4.208andupgrade2.4.2020.9 RedHatLinux8.0stock2.4.18 RedHatLinux7.3stock2.4.18 RedHatLinux7.2,stock2.4.710andupgrades2.4.97,2.4.913,2.4.921,and 2.4.931 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10(experimentalsupport) SUSELINUXEnterpriseServer9,includingSP1,SP2,andSP3 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer8stock2.4.19 SUSELINUX9.3 SUSELINUX9.2 SUSELinux10 SUSELinux10.1
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SUSELINUX9.1stock2.6.452 SUSELINUX9.0stock2.4.2199 SUSELinux8.2stock2.4.20 SUSELinux7.3 UbuntuLinux5.04and5.10 Ubuntu6.06 AsnewLinuxkernelsanddistributionsarereleased,VMwaremodifiesand testsitsproductsforstabilityandreliabilityonthosehostplatforms.VMware makeseveryefforttoaddsupportfornewkernelsanddistributionsina timelymanner,butuntilakernelordistributionisaddedtothelist,itsuseis notsupported.LookfornewerprebuiltmodulesintheDownloadsectionof VMwareWebsite.Gotohttp://www.vmware.com/download.
NOTE
OtherLinuxhostoperatingsystemrequirementsinclude:
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Linuxkernel2.2.145.0isnotsupported. StandardLinuxserverinstallationisrequiredwithglibcversion2.1orhigherand libXpm.so. TheinetdprocessmustbeconfiguredandactiveforVMwareServerConsoleand VMwareManagementInterfaceconnections. Version2.1.36oftheSCSIGeneric(sg.o)driverisrequiredtousegenericSCSI devicesinvirtualmachines. Perl5.005xorhigherisrequiredtouseVmPerlAPI. XserverisrequiredtoruntheVMwareServerConsole.
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TheVMwareManagementInterfacerequiresoneofthesebrowsers:
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Firefox1.x Mozilla1.x NetscapeNavigator7.0 Asnewbrowserversionsarereleased,VMwareteststheVMware ManagementInterfaceforstabilityandreliabilitywiththeseversions. VMwaremakeseveryefforttoaddsupportfornewbrowserversionsina timelymanner,butuntilabrowserisaddedtotheabovelist,itsusewiththe productisnotsupported.
NOTE
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Running VMware Server on Some SUSE Linux Hosts

KeepinmindthefollowingwhenyourunVMwareServerontheseSUSELinuxhosts.
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SLES8InstallgcconyourSLES8hostbeforeinstallingVMwareServer. SLES7Toupgradethekernel,deselectanySambacomponentswhenyouapply theupdatepatchbecausethepatchincorrectlyupdatesSambaonyourhost. RunningtheupdatewiththeSambapackagesselectedcanresultinseriousissues onyourhostsuchassystemhangsorsegmentationfaults.
VmPerl and VmCOM APIs

TheVmPerlAPIincludesthevmware-cmdutility.TheVmCOMAPIworksonlyon WindowsServer2003,WindowsXP,Windows2000,andWindowsNTclients.For moreinformation,gototheVMwareWebsiteat http://www.vmware.com/support/developer.
Programming API
VMwareServerincludessupportfortheProgrammingAPI(previouslycalledCAPI). Formoreinformation,gototheVMwareWebSiteat http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/server_pubs
Remote Client Requirements

TheremoteclientisaMicrosoftWindowsorLinuxsystemfromwhichyoulaunchthe VMwareServerConsoleoruseVMwareScriptingAPIstoremotelymanagevirtual machinesontheVMwareServerhost.YouaccesstheVMwareManagementInterface tomanagevirtualmachinesonthehostusingaWebbrowser.
Hardware Requirements
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Standardx86basedcomputer. 266MHzorfasterprocessor. 64MBRAMminimum. 30MB(forWindowshosts)or60MB(forLinuxhosts)offreediskspaceisrequired forinstallationoftheVMwareServerConsole. 17MBfreediskspaceisrequiredforVMwareScriptingAPIs(VmCOMandVmPerl APIs)installationonWindowsremoteclients.14MBisrequiredforVmPerlAPIon Linuxremoteclients.
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Software Requirements Windows Remote Client

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WindowsServer2003x64Edition,WindowsServer2003StandardEdition, WindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition,andWindowsServer2003WebEdition WindowsXPProfessionalandWindowsXPHomeEdition ServicePack1andServicePack2 Windows2000Professional,ServerandAdvancedServer,ServicePack1,Service Pack2,ServicePack3andServicePack4 WindowsNT4.0WorkstationandServer,ServicePack6a,withInternetExplorer 6.0installed TheVMwareManagementInterfacerequiresoneofthesebrowsers:

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InternetExplorer5.5or6.0(6.0highlyrecommended) Firefox1.x Mozilla1.x NetscapeNavigator7.0 Asnewbrowserversionsarereleased,VMwareteststheVMware ManagementInterfaceforstabilityandreliabilitywiththeseversions. VMwaremakeseveryefforttoaddsupportfornewbrowserversionsin atimelymanner,butuntilabrowserisaddedtotheabovelist,itsuse withtheproductisnotsupported.
NOTE
Software Requirements Linux Remote Client

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StandardLinuxinstallationisrequiredwithglibcversion2.1orhigherandoneof thefollowingkernels:
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Forsingleprocessorsystems:kernel2.0.32orhigherinthe2.0.xseries,or kernelinthe2.2.x,2.4.xor2.6.xseries. ForSMPsystems:kernelinthe2.2.x,2.4.xor2.6.xseries Linuxkernel2.2.145.0isnotsupported.
NOTE
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Perl5.005xorhigherisrequiredtouseVmPerlAPI. XserverisrequiredtoruntheVMwareServerConsoleontheclient. TheVMwareManagementInterfacerequiresoneofthesebrowsers:

! !
Firefox1.x Mozilla1.x
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NetscapeNavigator7.0 Asnewbrowserversionsarereleased,VMwareteststheVMware ManagementInterfaceforstabilityandreliabilitywiththeseversions. VMwaremakeseveryefforttoaddsupportfornewbrowserversionsin atimelymanner,butuntilabrowserisaddedtotheabovelist,itsuse withtheproductisnotsupported.
NOTE
VmPerl and VmCOM APIs

TheVmPerlAPIincludesthevmware-cmdutility.TheVmCOMAPIworksonWindows Server2003,WindowsXP,Windows2000,andWindowsNTclientsonly.Formore information,gototheVMwareWebsiteat http://www.vmware.com/support/developer.
Programming API
VMwareServerincludessupportfortheProgrammingAPI.Formoreinformation,go totheVMwareWebsiteathttp://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/server_pubs.
Virtual Machine Specifications

EachvirtualmachinecreatedwithVMwareServerprovidesaplatformthatincludes thefollowingdevicesthatyourguestoperatingsystemcansee.
Virtual Processor
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IntelPentiumIIorlater,orAMDAthlonorlater,dependingonhostprocessor; IntelEMT64VT(experimentalsupport). Singleandmultiprocessorpervirtualmachineonsymmetricmultiprocessor (SMP)systems.
Virtual Chipset
!
Intel440BXbasedmotherboardwithNS338SIOchipand82093AAIOAPIC
Virtual BIOS
! !
PhoenixBIOS4.0Release6withVESABIOS DMI/SMBIOScompliantforsystemmanagementagentsupport
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Virtual Memory
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Upto3600MBofmemorypervirtualmachine,dependinguponthehostsystems configuration,thetypesofapplicationsrunningonthehost,andtheamountof memoryonthehost.
Virtual Graphics
!
VGAandSVGAsupport
Virtual IDE Drives

!
Uptofourdevices:disks,CDROMorDVD(DVDdrivescanbeusedtoreaddata DVDdiscs).DVDvideoisnotsupported. Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. IDEvirtualdisksupto950GB. CDROMcanbeaphysicaldeviceoranISOimagefile.
! ! !
Virtual SCSI Devices

! ! ! !
Upto60devicesonuptofourvirtualSCSIcontrollers. SCSIvirtualdisksupto950GB. Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. GenericSCSIsupportallowsscanners,CDROM,DVDROM,tapedrives,and otherSCSIdevicestobeusedwithoutrequiringdriversinthehostoperating system. Mylex(BusLogic)BT958compatiblehostbusadapter. LSILogicUltra160LSI53C10xxSCSIcontroller.
! !
Virtual PCI Slots

!
SixvirtualPCIslots,tobedividedamongthevirtualSCSIcontrollers,virtual Ethernetcards,virtualdisplayadapter,andvirtualsoundadapter.
Virtual Floppy Drives

! !
Uptotwo1.44MBfloppydevices. Physicaldrivesorfloppyimagefiles.
Virtual Serial (COM) Ports

!
Uptofourserial(COM)ports.
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Outputtoserialports,Windowsfiles,Linuxfiles,ornamedpipes.
Virtual Parallel (LPT) Ports

! !
Uptothreebidirectionalparallel(LPT)ports. Outputtoparallelportsorhostoperatingsystemfiles.
Virtual USB ports

! !
TwoportUSB1.1UHCIcontroller. SupporteddevicesincludeUSBprinters,scanners,PDAs,harddiskdrives, memorycardreaders,andstilldigitalcameras.
Virtual Keyboard
!
104keyWindows95/98enhanced
Virtual Mouse and Drawing Tablets

! !
PS/2mouse Serialtabletsupport
Virtual Ethernet Card

! ! ! !
UptofourvirtualEthernetcards AMDPCnetPCIIIcompatible WirelessnetworkingsupportwithbridgedandNATnetworking PXEROMversion2.0
Virtual Networking
!
NinevirtualEthernetswitches(threeconfiguredbydefaultforbridged,hostonly andNATnetworking). VirtualnetworkingsupportsmostEthernetbasedprotocols,includingTCP/IP, NetBEUI,MicrosoftNetworking,Samba,NovellNetWare,andNetworkFile System. BuiltinNATsupportsclientsoftwareusingTCP/IP,FTP,DNS,HTTP,andTelnet.
Virtual Sound Adapter

!
Soundoutputandinput.
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CreativeLabsSoundBlasterAudioPCIemulation.MIDIinput,gamecontrollers, andjoysticksarenotsupported.
Supported Guest Operating Systems

TheoperatingsystemslistedherehavebeentestedinVMwareServervirtualmachines andareofficiallysupported.Fornotesoninstallingguestoperatingsystems,seethe VMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuidewhichisavailablefromtheVMware Website. VMwareServersupportsallguestoperatingsystemssupportedbyVMware Workstation5.5.Operatingsystemsthatarenotlistedarenotsupportedforuseina VMwareServervirtualmachine.
Hardware Requirements for 64-bit Guest Operating Systems

VMwareServersupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyon hostmachinesthathaveoneofthefollowing64bitprocessors.
! ! ! ! !
AMDAthlon64,revisionDorlater AMDOpteron,revisionEorlater AMDTurion64,revisionEorlater AMDSempron,64bitcapablerevisionDorlater(experimentalsupport) IntelEM64TVTcapableprocessors(experimentalsupport)
VMwareServerperformsaninternalcheck.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported64bit processor,VMwareServerdisplaysanerrormessagethatindicatesthehardwareon yourhostmachineisincompatiblewith64bitguestoperatingsystems.Youcan, however,continuetopoweronthevirtualmachine. VMwareServerprovidesastandaloneutilitythatperformsthesamecheckand determineswhetheryourCPUissupportedforVMwareServervirtualmachineswith 64bitguestoperatingsystems.Youcandownloadthe64bitprocessorcheckutility fromtheVMwareWebsiteathttp://www.vmware.com/download.
Microsoft Windows 64-bit Guest Operating Systems

! ! !
MicrosoftWindowsVista(experimentalsupport) MicrosoftWindowsServer2003Enterprise,Standard,andWebEditions,R2 MicrosoftWindowsServerEnterprise2003Enterprise,Standard,andWeb Editions,SP1 MicrosoftWindowsXPProfessional
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Linux 64-bit Guest Operating Systems

! !
MandrivaLinux2006 RedHatEnterpriseLinux3.0,includingstock2.4.21,update2.4.2115,and updates6,and7 RedHatEnterpriseLinux3.0,update8(experimentalsupport) RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0,includingupdate3 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0,update4(experimenetalsupport) SUSELinux9.1stock2.6.452 SUSELinux9.2,includingSP1 SUSELinux9.3 SUSELinux10 SUSELinux10.1 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9,includingSP1,SP2,andSP3 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10(experimentalsupport)
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
FreeBSD
! !
FreeBSD5.3and5.4 FreeBSD6.0
Sun Solaris
!
Solaris10,includingupdate1andupdate2(experimentalsupport)
Ubuntu
! !
UbuntuLinux5.04and5.10 UbuntuLinux6.06(experimentalsupport)
Hardware Requirements for 32-bit Guest Operating Systems

VMwareServersupportsvirtualmachineswiththefollowing32bitguestoperating systems.
Microsoft Windows 32-bit Guest Operating Systems

!
MicrosoftWindowsServer2003,includingSmallBusiness,Standard,andWeb Editions
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! ! ! ! ! ! !
MicrosoftWindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition,includingR2 MicrosoftWindowsXPProfessionalandHomeEditions,includingSP1andSP2 MicrosoftWindowsVista(experimentalsupport) MicrosoftWindows2000Professional,includingSP1,SP2,SP3,andSP4 MicrosoftWindows2000Server,includingSP1,SP2,SP3,andSP4 MicrosoftWindows2000AdvancedServer,SP3andSP4only MicrosoftWindowsNT4.0ServerServicePack6a,WindowsNTWorkstation4.0, includingServicePack6a,andWindowsNT4.0TerminalServerEditionService Pack6a MicrosoftWindowsMe MicrosoftWindows98,includingallservicepacks MicrosoftWindows98SE MicrosoftWindows95,includingSP1andallOSRreleases MicrosoftWindowsforWorkgroups3.11 MicrosoftWindows3.1
! ! ! ! ! !
Microsoft MS-DOS
!
MSDOS6.x
Linux 32-bit Guest Operating Systems

! ! ! ! ! !
MandrivaLinux2006 MandrakeLinux10.1 MandrakeLinux9.2 MandrakeLinux9stock2.4.19 MandrakeLinux3.2stock2.4.186mdk RedHatEnterpriseLinux3.0AS,ES,andWS,includingupdates1,2,3,4,5,6, and7) RedHatEnterpriseLinux3.0update8(experimentalsupport) RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0AS,ES,andWS,includingupdates1,2,and3 RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0update4(experimentalsupport) RedHatEnterpriseLinux2.1AS,ES,andWS,includingstock2.4.9e3
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! ! ! !
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! ! ! !
RedHatLinux9.0,stock2.4.208andupgrade2.4.2020.9 RedHatLinux8.0stock2.4.18 RedHatLinux7.3stock2.4.18 RedHatLinux7.2,stock2.4.710andupgrades2.4.97,2.4.913,2.4.921, and2.4.931 RedHatLinux7.1stock2.4.22andupgrade2.2.312 RedHatLinux7.0stock2.2.1622andupgrade2.2.1714 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10(experimentalsupport) SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9,includingSP1,SP2,andSP3 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer8stock2.4.19 SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer7stock2.4.7andpatch2 SUSELinux10 SUSELinux10.1 SUSELinux9.0stock2.4.2199 SUSELinux9.1stock2.6.452 SUSELinux9.2,includingSP1 SUSELinux9.3 SUSELinux8.2stock2.4.20 SUSELinux8.1stock2.4.19 SUSELinux8.0stock2.4.18 SUSELinux7.3stock2.4.10 NovellLinuxDesktop9,includingSP2 NovellOpenEnterpriseServer,includingSP1 TurbolinuxEnterpriseServer8.0 TurbolinuxServer7.0 TurbolinuxWorkstation8.0 TurbolinuxDesktop10
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
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Novell NetWare
! ! ! !
NetWare4.2 NetWare5.1,SP8only NetWare6,SP5only Netware6.5,SP3only
FreeBSD
! ! ! ! ! !
FreeBSD4.04.6.2 FreeBSD4.8 FreeBSD5 FreeBSD5.15.3 FreeBSD5.4 FreeBSD6.0
Sun Solaris
! !
Solaris9(experimentalsupport) Solaris10,includingupdate1andupdate2
Ubuntu
! !
UbuntuLinux5.04and5.10 UbuntuLinux6.06
Technical Support Resources

Thefollowingsectionsdescribevarioustechnicalsupportresourcesavailabletoyou.
! ! ! ! !
SelfServiceSupport OnlineandTelephoneSupport SupportOfferings ReportingProblems LogFiles
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Self-Service Support
UsetheVMwareTechnologyNetworkforselfhelptoolsandtechnicalinformation:
! ! ! ! ! !
ProductInformationhttp://www.vmware.com/products/product_index.html TechnologyInformationhttp://www.vmware.com/vcommunity/technology Documentationhttp://www.vmware.com/support/pubs KnowledgeBasehttp://www.vmware.com/support/kb DiscussionForumshttp://www.vmware.com/community UserGroupshttp://www.vmware.com/vcommunity/usergroups.html
FormoreinformationabouttheVMwareTechnologyNetwork,goto http://www.vmtn.net.
Online and Telephone Support

Useonlinesupporttosubmittechnicalsupportrequests,viewyourproductand contractinformation,andregisteryourproducts.Goto http://www.vmware.com/support. Usephonesupportforthefastestresponseonpriority1issuesforcustomerswith appropriatesupportcontracts.Goto http://www.vmware.com/support/phone_support.html.
Support Offerings
FindouthowVMwaressupportofferingscanhelpyoumeetyourbusinessneeds.Go tohttp://www.vmware.com/support/services.
Reporting Problems
IfyouhaveproblemswhilerunningVMwareServer,reportthemtotheVMware supportteam.Youmustregisteryourserialnumberandthenyoucanreportyour problemsbysubmittingasupportrequestat http://www.vmware.com/requestsupport. Thissectiondescribestheinformationneededtodiagnoseandreportproblems.This informationlargelycomesfromlogfiles.Therequiredlogfilesdependuponthe problemyouencounter. Youcansimplifytheprocessofcollectingtheneededinformationbyrunningthe supportscripttocollecttheappropriatelogfilesandsysteminformation.Followthe stepsthatapplytoyourhostcomputer.
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NOTE
ThesupportscriptrunsonlyontheVMwareServerhost.Ifyouencounter problemsonaremoteclient,youmustsupplythelogfilesmanually.The requiredlogfilesdependontheproblemencounteredontheclient.You shouldincludetheVMwareServerConsolelogfileandtheinstallationlog files.
To run the support script on a Windows host 1 2 Openacommandprompt. ChangetotheVMwareServerprogramdirectory. C: cd \Program Files\VMware\VMware Server Ifyoudidnotinstalltheprograminthedefaultdirectory,usetheappropriate driveletterandsubstitutetheappropriatepathinthecdcommandabove. 3 Runthesupportscript. cscript vm-support.vbs Afterthescriptruns,itdisplaysthenameofthedirectorywhereithasstoredits output. 4 UseafilecompressionutilitysuchasWinZiporPKZIPtozipthatdirectory,and includethezipfilewithyoursupportrequest.
To run the support script on a Linux host 1 2 Openaterminal. Runthesupportscriptastheuserwhoisrunningthevirtualmachineorasroot. vm-support Ifyoudonotrunthescriptasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessagesindicatingthatit cannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMwaresupportteam needsthatinformation,asupportrepresentativemayaskyoutorunthescript againasroot. Thescriptcreatesacompressed.tgzfileinthecurrentdirectory. 3 Includetheoutputfilewithyoursupportrequest.
Log Files
ThefollowinglogfilesaregeneratedbyVMwareServerandarecollectedbythe supportscriptasneeded.BecausetheVMwareServerConsoledoesnotincludea supportscript,youneedtosubmitasupportrequestat
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http://www.vmware.com/requestsupportforanyissuesyouencounteronaclientand includetheVMwareServerConsoleslogfileoritsinstallationlogfiles.
Virtual Machine Log File

Ifavirtualmachineexitsabnormallyorcrashes,runthesupportscriptorsavethelog filebeforeyoulaunchthatvirtualmachineagain. OnaWindowshost,thevmware.logfileisinthesamedirectoryastheconfigurationfile (.vmx)ofthevirtualmachine.Thepathtothelogfileoftheactivevirtualmachineis locatedunderVirtualMachine>Settings>Options>Advanced. OnaLinuxhost,the<vmname>.logfileisinthesamedirectoryastheconfigurationfile (.vmx)ofthevirtualmachine. Alsosaveanycorefiles(coreorvmware-core).
Virtual Machine Event Log File

Thevirtualmachineseventlog,someofwhichcanbeviewedintheVMware ManagementInterface,isstoredasafileonthehost.Thisfilecanalsobeusefulinthe eventavirtualmachinecrashes. Eachvirtualmachineonthehostincludesaneventlogfilecalled event-<path_to_configuration_file>.vmx.log. OnaWindowshost,thelogisstoredinC:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server\vmserverdRoot\eventlog. OnaLinuxhost,thelogisstoredin/var/log/vmware.
VMware Server Console Log File

TheVMwareServerConsolekeepsalog.IfyouencounterproblemswiththeVMware ServerConsoleonaremoteclient,submitasupportrequestandthislogfile. OnaWindowshost,thelogiscalledvmware-<username>-<PID>.logandisstoredinthe usersTEMPdirectory;bydefault,thisdirectoryisC:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp.ThepathtothisfileappearsintheAbout dialogbox.IntheVMwareServerConsole,chooseHelp>AboutVMwareServer,and lookunderAdditionalinformation. OnaLinuxhost,thelogiscalledui-<PID>.logandisstoredintheusersTEMP directory;bydefault,thisdirectoryis/tmp/vmware-<username>.Thepathtothisfile appearsintheterminalwhenyoustarttheVMwareServerConsole.
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VMware Management Interface Log File

TheVMwareManagementInterfacekeepsalog. OnaWindowshost,thelogiscalledmui.logandisstoredbydefaultinC:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Management Interface. OnaLinuxhost,thelogiscallederror_logandisstoredbydefaultin /var/log/vmware-mui.
VMware Authorization Service Log File

YoucanmanuallyenableloggingfortheVMwareAuthorizationService,knownas vmware-authdonLinuxhosts. To enable logging for VMware Authorization Service 1 Inatexteditor,openthefollowingfile:
!
OnaWindowshostedit config.inilocatedinC:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Server OnaLinuxhostedit/etc/vmware/config
Addthefollowinglinestothefile: vmauthd.logEnabled = TRUE log.vmauthdFileName = "vmauthd.log" Afileiscreatedcalledvmauthd.log.OnaWindowshost,thisfileappearsby defaultinC:\Windows\system32orC:\WINNT\system32;onaLinuxhost,thisfile appearsbydefaultin/var/log/vmware.
Saveandclosetheconfigurationfile. ThelogisenabledonaLinuxhost.
4 5
OnaWindowshost,chooseStart>AdministrativeTools>Services. RightclickVMwareAuthorizationServiceandchooseRestart. ThelogisenabledonaWindowshost.
VMware Registration Service Log File

TheVMwareRegistrationServicekeepsalog. OnaWindowshost,thelogiscalledvmware-serverd.logandisstoredin C:\Windows\Temp. OnaLinuxhost,thelogiscalledvmware-serverd.logandisstoredin/var/log/vmware.
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VMware Server and VMware Server Console Installation Log Files

VMwareServerkeepsinstallationlogfilesontheserverhost. Onaremoteclient,theVMwareServerConsolekeepstwoinstallationlogfiles.Ifyou encounterproblemsinstallingtheVMwareServerConsole,submitasupportrequest includingthenamesoftheselogfiles. OnaWindowshost,thefilesarevminst.log and vmmsi.log which are savedinyour TEMPdirectory;thedefaultlocationisC:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp.TheLocal Settingsfolderishiddenbydefault.Toseeitscontents, openMyComputer,chooseTools>FolderOptions,clicktheViewtabandselect ShowHiddenFilesandFolders. OnaLinuxhost,thelogiscalledlocationsandisstoredin/etc/vmware.
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C HAPTER 2
Creating a New Virtual Machine
Thischapterdescribeshowtocreateanewvirtualmachineandcoversthefollowing topics:
! !
SettingUpaNewVirtualMachineonpage 25 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystemonpage 37
Setting Up a New Virtual Machine

TheNewVirtualMachineWizardguidesyouthroughthekeystepsforsettingupa newvirtualmachine,helpingyousetvariousoptionsandparameters.Youcanthenuse thevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)tomakeanychangestoyourvirtual machinessetup.
!
Tocreateanewvirtualmachinefromaconsole,seeCreatingaNewVirtual MachinewiththeVirtualMachineWizardonpage 27. YoumustusetheVMwareServerConsoletocreateavirtualmachine.
NOTE
Whats in a Virtual Machine?

Thevirtualmachinetypicallyisstoredonthehostcomputerinasetoffiles,allofwhich areinadirectorysetasideforthatparticularvirtualmachine.Intheseexamples, <vmname>isthenameofyourvirtualmachine.Thekeyfilesare:
!
<vmname>.vmxTheconfigurationfile,whichstoressettingschosenintheNew VirtualMachineWizardorvirtualmachinesettingseditor. nvramThefilethatstoresthestateofthevirtualmachinesBIOS. <vmname>.vmdkThevirtualdiskfile,whichstoresthecontentsofthevirtual machinesharddiskdrive. <vmname>.logorvmware.logThefilethatkeepsalogofkeyvirtualmachine activity.Thisfilecanbeusefulintroubleshootingifyouencounterproblems.This fileisstoredinthedirectorythatholdstheconfigurationfile(.vmx)ofthevirtual machine.
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<vmname>.vmdk.REDO_xxxxxxAredologfilecreatedautomaticallywhena virtualmachineisinindependentnonpersistentmode.Thisfilestoreschanges madetoavirtualdiskwhilethevirtualmachineisrunning.Morethanonesuch filemightexist.Thexxxxxxindicatesauniquesuffixaddedautomaticallyby VMwareServertoavoidduplicatefilenames. <vmname>.vmssThesuspendedstatefile,whichstoresthestateofasuspended virtualmachine. NOTE SomeearlierVMwareproductsusedtheextension.stdforsuspended statefiles.
<vmname>.vmsnThesnapshotstatefile,whichstorestherunningstateofavirtual machineatthetimeyoutakeasnapshotofit.
Theremightalsobeotherfiles,someofwhicharepresentonlywhileavirtualmachine isrunning.
Virtual Disks
Avirtualdiskismadeupofoneormore.vmdkfiles.Ifyouspecifytosplitthevirtual diskinto2GBfiles,thenumberof.vmdkfilesdependsonthesizeofthevirtualdisk. Bydefault,allvirtualdiskspaceispreallocatedwhenyoucreatethevirtualdisk.Make sureyouhaveenoughdiskspaceonthehostbeforeyoucreateapreallocateddisk. Ifyoudonotallocatealldiskspacewhenyoucreatethevirtualdisk,the.vmdkfiles growinsizeasdataisaddedtothevirtualdisk.Almostallofa.vmdkfilescontentis thevirtualmachinesdata,withasmallportionallottedtovirtualmachineoverhead. Ifthevirtualmachineisconnecteddirectlytoaphysicaldisk,ratherthantoavirtual disk,the.vmdkfilestoresinformationaboutthepartitionsthevirtualmachineis allowedtoaccess. NOTE EarlierVMwareproductsusedtheextension.dskforvirtualdiskfiles.
Permissions and Running Virtual Machines

Whenyoucreateavirtualmachine,bydefaultthevirtualmachineisprivate,which meansyouaretheonlyuserwhocanaccessit.Ifyouchoosethecustompathwhen creatingthevirtualmachine,youcanspecifythatalluserscanaccessthevirtual machine. Whenavirtualmachineisprivate,itappearsonlyintheinventoryoftheconsoleofthe userwhocreatedit.Thevirtualmachinedoesnotappearintheinventoryofconsoles
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Chapter 2 Creating a New Virtual Machine
forotherusersconnectedtothehost.ThevirtualmachineappearsintheVMware ManagementInterfaceonlywhenyouareloggedonastheuserwhocreatedthevirtual machine. Whenthevirtualmachineisrunning,theactionsyoucantakedependonyour permissions.Formoreinformationaboutpermissions,seeUnderstanding PermissionsandVirtualMachines.
Creating a New Virtual Machine with the Virtual Machine Wizard

Whenyoucreateanewvirtualmachine,theresultisasetoffilesthatrepresentanew computer,completewithablank,unformattedharddiskthevirtualdiskonto whichyouinstalltheguestoperatingsystem.Thevirtualdiskbydefaulthasallitsdisk spacepreallocatedatthetimeitiscreated. Thevirtualmachinesyoucreatearelocatedonthehosttowhichyouarecurrently loggedon,eveniftheconsoleyouareusingisrunningonaremoteclient. NOTE Beforeyoucreatethevirtualmachine,checktheinstallationnotesfortheguest operatingsystemyouintendtoinstall.Youcanfindthisinformationinthe VMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideavailablefromtheVMware Websiteatwww.vmware.com/support/guestnotes/doc/index.html.
To create a new virtual machine 1 LaunchtheVMwareServerConsole. Windowshosts:SeeConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromaWindowsHostor Clientonpage 82. Linuxhosts:SeeConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromaLinuxHostorClient onpage 84. 2 StarttheNewVirtualMachineWizard.ChooseFile>New>VirtualMachineor clicktheNewVirtualMachineiconontheconsoleHometab.
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Selectthemethodtouseforconfiguringyourvirtualmachine.
IfyouselectTypical,youcanspecifyoracceptdefaultsonlyfor:
! ! ! ! ! !
Theguestoperatingsystem. Thevirtualmachinenameandthelocationofthevirtualmachinesfiles. Thenetworkconnectiontype. Thesizeofthevirtualdisk. Allocatingallthediskspaceforthevirtualdiskatthetimeyoucreateit. Splittingthevirtualdiskinto2GBfiles.
SelectCustomto:
!
Setthenumberofprocessors,whichisrequiredtoenabletwowayVirtual SMP(experimentalsupport). Allocateanamountofmemorydifferentfromthedefault. ChoosebetweentheLSILogicandBusLogictypesofSCSIadapters.(An ATAPIIDEadapterisalwaysinstalled.) Letotherusersaccessthisvirtualmachine. HavethevirtualmachineautomaticallypoweronoroffwhentheVMware ServerWindowshoststartsuporshutsdown. Specifytheuseraccountthevirtualmachineuseswhenrunning. Useanexistingvirtualdiskoruseaphysicaldiskratherthanavirtualdisk(for advancedusers). UseanIDEvirtualdiskforaguestoperatingsystemthatwouldotherwise haveaSCSIvirtualdiskcreatedbydefaultandviceversa.
! !
! !
! !
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Createavirtualdiskasasinglediskfile.Ifthevirtualdiskislargerthan8GB, thehostfilesystemmustsupportfileslargerthan8GB. Storeyourvirtualdiskfilesinaparticularlocation. Specifyaparticularvirtualdevicenodeforthevirtualdisk. Useindependentdiskmode(ifyoudontplantousesnapshotswiththis virtualmachine;seeIndependentDisksonpage 121). Ifyoufollowthecustompath,youstillspecifytheoptionsunderthe typicalpath.
! ! !
NOTE
UnderGuestoperatingsystem,selecttheoperatingsystemfamily.Selectthe specificoperatingsystemfromtheVersionlist. NOTE VMwareServersupports64bitguests.TheWizardincludesoptionsfor installing64bitversionsofcertainoperatingsystems.
VMwareServerperformsaninternalcheck.IfthehostCPUisnotasupported 64bitprocessor,VMwareServerdisplaysanerrormessagethatindicatesthe hardwareonyourhostmachineisincompatiblewith64bitguestoperating systems.Youcan,however,continuetopoweronthevirtualmachine. VMwareServerprovidesastandaloneutilitytousewithoutVMwareServerthat performsthesamecheckanddetermineswhetheryourCPUissupportedfor VMwareServervirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems.Youcan downloadthe64bitprocessorcheckutilityfromtheVMwareWebsiteat www.vmware.com/download. Inthisexample,theremainingstepsassumeyouplantoinstallaWindowsServer 2003Enterpriseguestoperatingsystem.Youcanfinddetailedinstallationnotesfor thisandotherguestoperatingsystemsintheVMwareGuestOperatingSystem InstallationGuide,availablefromtheVMwareWebsiteat www.vmware.com/support/guestnotes/doc/index.html.
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Iftheoperatingsystemyouareusingisnotlisted,selectOtherasboththeguest operatingsystemandversion.
TheNewVirtualMachineWizardusesthisinformationtoselectappropriate defaultvalues,suchastheamountofmemoryneeded.TheWizardalsousesthis informationwhennamingassociatedvirtualmachinefiles. NOTE VMwareServersupports64bitguests.TheWizardincludesoptionsfor installing64bitversionsofcertainoperatingsystems.
Selectanameanddirectoryforthevirtualmachine.
Windowshosts:Thevirtualmachinedirectoryanditsfilesarestoredinthedefault location<installdrive>:\Virtual Machines. Linuxhosts:Thevirtualmachinedirectoryanditsfilesarestoredinthedefault location/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines. IfyouselectedTypicalasyourconfigurationpath,gotostep10. IfyouselectedCustomasyourconfigurationpath,continuewiththestepsfor customizingyourvirtualmachineconfiguration.
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Specifywhetherthisvirtualmachineshouldbeprivate.
Bydefault,avirtualmachineisprivate,soonlyyouhaveaccesstoit. 7 Choosetheuseraccountforrunningthevirtualmachine(forvirtualmachineson Windowshostsonly)andthehoststartupandshutdownoptions.
Windowshosts:UnderVirtualmachineaccount,choosewhichuseraccountthe virtualmachineuseswhenitruns.Thisaccountisusedforactionslikenetwork accessfromwithinthevirtualmachineandaccesstovirtualmachineresources thatareonthenetwork.

!
UserthatpowersonthevirtualmachineThevirtualmachinerunsasthe accountoftheuserwhopoweredonthevirtualmachineuntilthevirtual machineispoweredoff.Otheruserscanconnecttothevirtualmachinebutit stillrunsastheuserwhopoweredonthevirtualmachine. LocalsystemaccountThevirtualmachinerunsasthelocalsystemaccount (administrator).Youcanenablethisoptiononlyifyouareloggedontothe hostoperatingsystemasanadministrator. NOTE Thisusercanrunvirtualmachinesthatareinlocalstorageonly.
ThisuserThevirtualmachinerunsastheuseraccountspecifiedhere.The passwordisnotvalidateduntilyoupoweronthevirtualmachine.Youcan
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specifyalocaluseraccount,alocalsystemadministratoraccountora fullyqualifieddomainuseraccountforthisuser. Allhosts:UnderStartup/ShutdownOptions,choosewhetherthisvirtual machinepowersonautomaticallywhentheVMwareServerhoststartsupand powersoffwhenthehostshutsdown. Toenablethestartupandshutdownoptions,youmustconfigurethevirtual machinetorunasanadministratoruser.Youcanchangetheseoptionswhetherthe virtualmachineispoweredonoroff. 8 Specifythenumberofprocessorsforthevirtualmachine.
Thefollowingareconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:
! ! !
Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled. AsingleprocessorhostwithadualcoreCPU AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoCPUs,neitherofwhicharedualcoreorhave hyperthreadingenabled.
Usethedefaultorchangetheamountofmemoryallocatedtothevirtualmachine. Tochangetheamountofmemory,movetheslidertotheappropriatelocation,use thespincontrollernexttothefield,ortypeanewvalueinthefield.
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TheNewVirtualMachineWizardprovidesadefaultvaluebasedonyourguest operatingsystemselection,aswellastherecommendedrangeandthetotal amountofmemoryallrunningvirtualmachinescanuse. TheWizardalsoindicatestheminimumamountofmemoryrecommendedbythe manufacturerandtheVMwareServerrecommendedmaximumvalueforbest performanceofyourvirtualmachineonthisserverhost. CAUTION Youcannotallocatemorethan2000MBofmemorytoavirtual machineifitisstoredonafilesystemthatcannotsupportfileslarger than2GB,suchasFAT16.Youwillnotbeabletopoweronsucha virtualmachine.Further,youcannotallocatemorethan2000MBof memorytoavirtualmachineifitisstoredonaFAT32filesystem, eventhoughitdoessupportfilesupto4GBinsize.
10
Configurethenetworkingcapabilitiesofthevirtualmachine.
IfyourhostcomputerisonanetworkandyouhaveaseparateIPaddressforyour virtualmachine(orcangetoneautomaticallyfromaDHCPserver),selectUse bridgednetworking. IfyoudonothaveaseparateIPaddressforyourvirtualmachinebutyouwantto beabletoconnecttotheInternet,selectUsenetworkaddresstranslation(NAT). NATisusefulifyouhaveawirelessnetworkadapteronaLinuxhost(asbridged networkingonwirelessnetworkadaptersissupportedonlyonWindowshosts).It alsoallowsforthesharingoffilesbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehost operatingsystem. Toenableyourvirtualmachinetouseavirtualnetworklimitedtothehostandthe virtualmachinesonthehostusingonlythehostonlynetworkadapter,selectUse hostonlynetworking. IfyouselectedTypicalasyourconfigurationpath,gotostep14.
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IfyouselectedCustomasyourconfigurationpath,continuewiththestepsfor customizingyourvirtualmachineconfiguration. 11 ChoosethetypeofSCSIadaptertousewiththevirtualmachine.
YoucannotchangetheSCSIadaptertypeafteryoucreatethevirtualmachine. 12 Selectthedisktousewiththevirtualmachine.
Touseanew,unformattedvirtualdisk,selectCreateanewvirtualdisk. Touseanexistingvirtualdiskwiththisvirtualmachine,selectUseanexisting virtualdisk.Browsetoselectthedisk. Toinstalltheguestoperatingsystemonaphysical(alsocalledraw)IDEdisk,select Useaphysicaldisk.TouseaphysicalSCSIdisk,addittothevirtualmachinelater withthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings).Bootingfromaphysical SCSIdiskisnotsupported. ToinstallyourguestoperatingsystemdirectlyonanexistingIDEdiskpartition, readthereferencenoteInstallinganOperatingSystemontoaPhysicalPartition onpage 146.
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CAUTION
VMwarerecommendsthatonlyadvancedusersusephysicaldisks withvirtualmachines.
13
SelectwhetheryouwantthevirtualdisktobeanIDEdiskoraSCSIdisk.
TheWizardrecommendsthebestchoicebasedontheguestoperatingsystemyou selected. 14 Enterthesizeofthevirtualdiskthatyouwanttocreate.
Ifthissettingislargerthanthespaceavailableonthehostmachinesharddisk,a warningmessageappears,andspecifieshowmuchspaceyouhaveonthehost.If thediskwillexceedtheavailablespaceonthehost,youmustmakethevirtualdisk smallerorcleartheAllocatealldiskspacenowcheckbox. Yourvirtualdiskcanbeassmallas0.1GB(100MB).
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Specifythenameandlocationofthevirtualdisksfiles.
Tospecifywhichvirtualdevicenodeshouldbeusedbyyourvirtualdiskortouse independentdiskmode,clickAdvanced.
CAUTION
Theindependentdiskoptionshouldbeusedonlybyadvancedusers whoneeditforspecialpurposeconfigurations.
Youhavethefollowingoptionsforanindependentdisk:
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Persistentchangesareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentothedisk. Nonpersistentchangestothediskarediscardedwhenyoupoweroffor resetthevirtualmachine.
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ClickFinish.VMwareServercreatesthevirtualmachine.
Yournewvirtualmachineislikeaphysicalcomputerwithablankharddisk.Before youcanuseit,youneedtopartitionandformatthevirtualdiskandinstallanoperating system.Theoperatingsystemsinstallationprogrammighthandlethepartitioningand formattingstepsforyou.
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Installing a Guest Operating System

Anewvirtualmachineislikeaphysicalcomputerwithablankharddisk.Beforeyou canuseit,youneedtopartitionandformatthevirtualdiskandinstallanoperating system.Theoperatingsystemsinstallationprogramcanhandlethepartitioningand formattingstepsforyou. InstallingaguestoperatingsysteminsideyourVMwareServervirtualmachineis essentiallythesameasinstallingitonaphysicalcomputer.Thebasicstepsforatypical operatingsystemare: 1 2 LaunchtheVMwareServerConsole. InserttheinstallationCDROMorfloppydiskforyourguestoperatingsystem. NOTE IfyouplantouseaPXEservertoinstalltheguestoperatingsystemover anetworkconnection,youdontneedtheoperatingsysteminstallation media.Whenyoupoweronthevirtualmachineinthenextstep,the virtualmachinedetectsthePXEserver,ifoneisavailableonthenetwork. Formoreinformation,seeUsingPXEwithVirtualMachineson page 100.
Insomehostconfigurations,thevirtualmachineisnotabletobootfromthe installationCDROM.YoucanworkaroundthatproblembycreatinganISO imagefilefromtheinstallationCDROM.Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor (VM>Settings)toconnectthevirtualmachinesCDROMdrivetotheISOimage file,thenpoweronthevirtualmachine. 3 4 PoweronyourvirtualmachinebyclickingthePowerOnbutton. Followtheinstructionsprovidedbytheoperatingsystemvendor.
ForabriefillustrationofinstallingaWindowsServer2003guestoperatingsystem,see Example:InstallingWindowsServer2003asaGuestOSonpage 37.Theexample describestheprocessonaWindowshost.ThestepsarethesameonaLinuxhost. Forinformationoninstallingotherguestoperatingsystems,seetheVMwareGuest OperatingSystemInstallationGuide,availablefromtheVMwareWebsiteat www.vmware.com/support/guestnotes/doc/index.html.
Example: Installing Windows Server 2003 as a Guest OS

YoucaninstallWindowsServer2003StandardEdition,EnterpriseEdition,orWeb EditioninavirtualmachineusingthecorrespondingWindowsServer2003 distributionCD.
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To install Windows Server 2003 as a guest OS 1 2 3 4 InserttheWindowsServer2003CDintheCDROMdrive. PoweronthevirtualmachinetostartinstallingWindowsServer2003. IfyouenabledthevirtualmachinesEthernetadapter,anAMDPCNETFamily EthernetAdapterisdetectedandsetupautomatically. Followtheinstallationstepsasyouwouldforaphysicalcomputer.
Afterinstallingyourguestoperatingsystem,youarereadytoinstallVMwareToolsas describedinInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 41. FormoreinformationaboutusingWindowsServer2003guestoperatingsystems,such asenablingnetworkinginthevirtualmachine,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystem InstallationGuide,availablefromtheVMwareWebsite.
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C HAPTER 3
Using VMware Tools
ThischapterdescribeshowtoinstallandrunVMwareToolsandcoversthefollowing topics:
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AboutVMwareToolsonpage 39 InstallingVMwareToolsonpage 41 ExecutingScriptsWhentheVirtualMachinesPowerStateChangesonpage 55 ConfiguringVMwareToolsonpage 56 AbouttheVMwareToolsServiceonpage 68
About VMware Tools

VMwareToolsisasuiteofutilitiesthatenhancestheperformanceofthevirtual machinesguestoperatingsystemandimprovesmanagementofthevirtualmachineby VMwareServer.ItisveryimportantthatyouinstallVMwareToolsintheguest operatingsystem.AlthoughVMwareServercanrunaguestoperatingsystemwithout VMwareTools,youloseimportantfunctionalityandconvenience. When you install VMware Tools, you install:
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TheVMwareToolsservice(orvmware-guestdonLinuxguests). AsetofVMwaredevicedrivers,includinganSVGAdisplaydriver,thevmxnet networkingdriverforsomeguestoperatingsystems,theBusLogicSCSIdriverfor someguestoperatingsystems,andtheVMwaremousedriver. TheVMwareToolscontrolpanelthatletsyoumodifysettings,shrinkvirtualdisks, andconnectanddisconnectvirtualdevices. Asetofscriptsthathelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperations.Thescripts runwhenthevirtualmachinespowerstatechanges. Acomponentthatsupportscopyingandpastingtextbetweentheguestandhost operatingsystems.
VMwareToolsperformsvariousdutieswithintheguestoperatingsystem,suchas passingmessagesfromthehostoperatingsystemtotheguestoperatingsystem, sendingaheartbeattoVMwareServer,grabbingandreleasingthemousecursor,and

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synchronizingthetimeintheguestoperatingsystemwiththetimeinthehost operatingsystem.Theservicestartsautomaticallywhentheguestoperatingsystem boots.Formoreinformation,seeAbouttheVMwareToolsServiceonpage 68. WiththeVMwareSVGAdriverinstalled,VMwareServersupportsupto32bit displaysandhighdisplayresolution,withsignificantlyfasteroverallgraphics performance.IfyourunaguestoperatingsystemwithoutVMwareTools,thegraphics environmentwithinthevirtualmachineislimitedtoVGAmodegraphics(640x480,16 color)anddisplayperformancemightbeunsatisfactory. TheVMwarevirtualSCSIdriverisaBusLogicdriver.Somerecentguestoperating systemscontainLSILogicdriversandcantakeadvantageofthevirtualLSILogic adapterforbetterdeviceperformance. Thevmxnetnetworkingdriverimprovesnetworkperformance.Thisdriveris automaticallyinstalledwhenyouinstallVMwareTools. TheVMwaremousedriverimprovesmouseperformanceinsomeguestoperating systems.YoumustusetheVMwaremousedriverwiththirdpartytoolslike MicrosoftsTerminalServices. InaWindowsguest,youcanaccesstheVMwareToolscontrolpanelthroughthe WindowsControlPanel(chooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel>VMwareTools)or throughtheVMwareToolsicon,whichappearsbydefaultinthesystemtray.
InaLinuxorFreeBSDguestoperatingsystem,theVMwareToolscontrolpaneliscalled vmware-toolbox.Youcanlaunchitmanuallyasabackgroundprocessfromabytyping: vmware-toolbox & NOTE Alwaysrunvmware-toolboxintheguestoperatingsystemtoensureyouhave accesstoallVMwareToolsfeatures,suchascopyandpasteandmouse ungrabforoperatingsystemsforwhichXdisplaydriverisnotavailable.
InaNetWare5.1orhigherguestoperatingsystem,accesstheVMwareToolscontrol panelbychoosingNovell>Settings>VMwareToolsforNetWare. InaNetWare4.2guestoperatingsystem,useVMwareToolscommandsinthesystem console.TheVMwareToolsprogramiscalledvmwtool.Forinformationaboutusing thiscommand,seeConfiguringVMwareToolsforNetWareGuestsintheSystem Consoleonpage 66. Withsomewindowmanagers,youcanplacethecommandtostartVMwareToolsina startupconfigurationsoVMwareToolsstartsautomaticallywhenyoustartyour graphicalenvironment.Consultyourwindowmanagersdocumentationfordetails.
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Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools
InstallationfilesforVMwareToolsforallsupportedWindows,Linux,NetWare,and FreeBSDguestoperatingsystemsarebuiltintoVMwareServer. NOTE VMwareServerprovidesexperimentalVMwareToolssupportforboththe 32bitand64bitversionsofSunSolaris10asguestoperatingsystems.The 32bitversionofVMwareToolsrunsincompatibilitymodeonvirtual machinesrunning64bitSolaris10.Inaddition,theversionofVMwareTools includedinthisreleasedoesnotincludeXdriversfor64bitversionsofSolaris 10.
Installing VMware Tools

ThefollowingsectionsdescribehowtoinstallVMwareTools:
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InstallingVMwareToolsinaWindowsVirtualMachineonpage 41 AutomatingtheInstallationofVMwareToolsinaWindowsGuestonpage 48 AdditionalStepsWhenMigratingfromOldVersionsofWindowsonpage 45 InstallingVMwareToolsinaLinuxVirtualMachineonpage 50 InstallingVMwareToolsinaNetWareVirtualMachineonpage 53
TheinstallersforVMwareToolsforWindows,Linux,FreeBSD,Solaris,andNetWare guestoperatingsystemsarebuiltintoVMwareServerasISOimagefiles.(AnISO imagefilelookslikeaCDROMtoyourguestoperatingsystemandevenappearsasa CDROMinWindowsExplorer.YoudonotuseanactualCDROMtoinstallVMware Tools,andyoudonotneedtodownloadtheCDROMimageorburnaphysical CDROMofthisimagefile.) WhenyouinstallVMwareTools,VMwareServertemporarilyconnectsthevirtual machinesfirstvirtualCDROMdrivetotheISOimagefilethatcontainstheVMware Toolsinstallerforyourguestoperatingsystem,andbeginstheinstallationprocess.(To canceltheinstaller,chooseVM>CancelVMwareToolsInstalltoreturnyourvirtual machinesCDROMdrivetoitsoriginalconfiguration.)
Installing VMware Tools in a Windows Virtual Machine

VMwareToolsforWindowsguestoperatingsystemssupportsallWindowsguest operatingsystems. ThedetailedstepsforinstallingVMwareToolsdependontheversionofWindowsyou arerunning.ThestepsthatfollowshowhowtoinstallVMwareToolsinaWindows Server2003guest.SomestepsthatareautomatedincurrentversionsofWindowsmust beperformedmanuallyinWindows9xandWindowsNT.
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NOTE
IfyouarerunningVMwareServeronaWindowshostandyourvirtual machinehasonlyoneCDROMdrive,theCDROMdrivemustbeconfigured asanIDEorSCSICDROMdrive.ItcannotbeconfiguredasagenericSCSI device.
ToaddanIDEorSCSICDROMdrive,seeAdding,Configuring,andRemoving DevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 103.ForinformationaboutgenericSCSI,see ConnectingtoaGenericSCSIDeviceonpage 237. YoucanautomatetheinstallationofVMwareToolsinaWindowsguestoperating system.Forinformation,seeAutomatingtheInstallationofVMwareToolsina WindowsGuestonpage 48.
To install VMware Tools in a Windows Guest Operating System

1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. Logontothevirtualmachineasanadministrator. NOTE YoumustbeanadministratortoinstallVMwareToolsinaWindows guestoperatingsystem,unlesstheguestoperatingsystemisWindows Me,Windows98,orotherearlyversionsofWindows.
Whentheguestoperatingsystemstarts,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine.Ifyouhaveautorun enabledinyourguestoperatingsystem(thedefaultsettingforWindowsoperating systems),asplashscreenthatsaysVMwareToolsappears,followedbyadialog boxthataskswhetheryouwanttoinstallVMwareTools.
ClickYestolaunchtheInstallShieldwizard. Ifautorunisnotenabled,thedialogboxdoesnotappear.Ifitdoesntappear,run theVMwareToolsinstaller.ClickStart>RunandenterD:\setup.exe NOTE YoudonotuseanactualCDROMtoinstallVMwareTools.TheVMware ServersoftwarecontainsanISOimagethatlookslikeaCDROMtoyour guestoperatingsystemandevenappearsasaCDROMinWindows Explorer.ThisimagecontainsallthefilesneededtoinstallVMwareTools inyourguestoperatingsystem.WhenyoufinishinstallingVMware Tools,thisimagefilenolongerappearsinyourCDROMdrive.
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TheVMwareToolsinstallationwizardstarts.
ClickNexttocontinuewiththeVMwareToolsinstallationwizard.TheSetupType dialogboxappears.
Chooseatypical,complete,orcustominstallation.Theinstallerusesthisselection eachtimeyouupgradeVMwareTools. TypicalInstallation Atypicalinstallationinstallstheutilitiestoenhancetheperformanceoftheguest operatingsystem,andasetofdriversspecifictoVMwareServervirtualmachines theVMwareSVGAdriver,theVMwareMousedriver,theVMwareSCSIdriver, andtheVMwarevmxnetnetworkingdriver(thevlancedriverisinstalledwhen youcreatethevirtualmachine).Youdonotneedtoconfigureyourvirtualmachine tousethe vmxnet networkingdriver.Thevmxnetdriverisactivatedwhenreboot yourvirtualmachineafteryouinstallVMwareTools. IfyoudonotplantousethisvirtualmachinewithotherVMwareproducts,such asVMwareWorkstation,usethetypicalinstallation.Tochoosethetypical installation,selectTypical,clickNext,andgotostep7. CompleteInstallation Acompleteinstallationinstallstheutilitiestoenhancetheperformanceofthe guestoperatingsystem,andallthedriverstheVMwareSVGAdriver,the
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VMwareMousedriver,theVMwareSCSIdriver,theVMwarevmxnetnetworking driver(thevlancedriverisinstalledautomaticallywhenyoucreatedthevirtual machine)andthesharedfoldersdriver(forusebyvirtualmachineswithVMware Workstation). IfyouplanonusingthisvirtualmachinewithotherVMwareproducts,usethe completeinstallation.Tochoosethecompleteinstallation,selectComplete,click Next,thengotostep7. CustomInstallation Acustominstallationletsyoupickandchoosewhichcomponentstoinstall.You canalwaysruntheinstalleragainatalaterdatetoinstallcomponentsyoudidnot installthefirsttime,orremovecomponentsyounolongerwant.SelectCustom andclickNext.TheCustomSetupscreenappears.
IntheCustomSetupscreen,pickandchoosethecomponentstoinstall.Clickthe arrowtotheleftofthecomponentyoudonotwanttoinstallandselectthe appropriateoptionfromthemenu. Ifyouneedtodeterminehowmuchfreespaceisontheguest,clickSpace.Thisis usefulifyouarechoosingacustominstallationduetolimiteddiskspaceonyour guest. IfyouwanttoinstallalltheVMwareToolscomponentsinadirectoryotherthan thedefault,clickBrowseandselectthedirectory.Ifthedirectorydoesnotexist,the installercreatesitforyou. Whenyouarereadytocontinue,clickNext. 7 Tochangeanysettingsorinformationyouprovided,clickBackuntilyoureachthe dialogboxcontainingtheinformationyouwanttochange.
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ClickInstallonceyouarereadytobegintheinstallation.Theinstallerbegins copyingfilestoyourhost.
YoumightseeoneormoreDigitalSignatureNotFounddialogboxeswhenthe installerbeginstoinstallthevirtualdrivers.Youcansafelyignorethesewarnings andclickYesorContinuetoapproveinstallationofthedrivers.
Aftertheinstallerfinishesinstallingthefiles,clickFinish.
IfyouinstalledtheVMwareSVGAdriver,mostWindowsguestoperatingsystemscan useitonlyafteryoureboottheguest.WithWindowsXPguests,youdonothaveto reboottousethenewdriver. WithsomeolderWindowsguestoperatingsystems,extrastepsareneeded.
Additional Steps When Migrating from Old Versions of Windows

IfyouaremigratingfromVMwareGSXServertoVMwareServerandyourguest operatingsystemisWindowsNT,WindowsMe,Windows98,orWindows95,you mightneedtoconfigurethevideodriverbyhand.Instructionsaredisplayedin Notepadattheendoftheinstallationprocess.IftheNotepadwindowishidden,bring ittothefrontbyclickingtheNotepadbuttonontheWindowstaskbar. Fordetails,seethefollowingstepsthatcorrespondtoyourguestoperatingsystem.
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To migrate from Windows NT guest operating systems

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 AfterinstallingVMwareTools,clickFinish.TheDisplayPropertiesdialogbox appears. ClicktheDisplayTypebutton.TheDisplayTypedialogboxappears. ClicktheChangebutton.TheChangeDisplaydialogboxappears. SelectVMware,Inc.fromtheManufacturerlist. SelectVMwareSVGAasthedisplayadapterandclickOK. ClickYesinresponsetotheonscreenquestionaboutthirdpartydriverstoinstall thedriver.ClickOKtoconfirmthedriverswereinstalled. ClickClosefromtheDisplayTypedialogbox,andclickClosefromtheDisplay Propertiesdialogbox. ClickYestorestartWindowsNTandstartusingthenewvideodriver. TheVMwareToolsbackgroundapplicationislaunchedwhenyourebootyour virtualmachine.
To migrate from Windows Me guest operating systems

1 2 3 4 AfterinstallingVMwareTools,clickFinish.TheDisplaySettingsdialogbox appears. ClicktheAdvancedbutton. ClicktheAdaptertab. ClicktheChangebutton.TheUpdateDeviceDriverwizardstarts.ClickNext. Thewizarddisplaystwooptions. 5 6 ChoosethesecondoptiontoSpecifythelocationofthedriver.ClickNext. ChecktheSpecifyalocationcheckbox.Enterthefollowingpath: D:\video\win9x D:isthedriveletterforthefirstvirtualCDROMdriveinyourvirtualmachine. ClickOK. WindowsMeautomaticallylocatesyourdriver. 7 8 SelecttheVMwareSVGAIIdisplayadapterandclickNext. ClickNexttoinstallthedriver.
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IfyouareupgradingavirtualmachinecreatedunderVMwareGSXServer2,you mightseeadialogboxthatwarns,Thedriveryouareinstallingisnotspecifically designedforthehardwareyouhave.Doyouwishtocontinue?ClickYes. 9 10 11 Afterthedriverisinstalled,clickFinish. ClickYestorestartWindowsMeandstartusingthenewvideodriver. TheVMwareToolsbackgroundapplicationstartsautomaticallywhenyoureboot yourvirtualmachine.
To migrate from Windows 98 guest operating systems

1 2 AfterinstallingVMwareTools,clickFinish.TheDisplaySettingsdialogbox appears. ClicktheAdvancedbutton.TheStandardDisplayAdapter(VGA)Properties dialogboxappears.IfyouareupgradingfromapreviousversionoftheVMware drivers,thisdialogboxistitledVMwareSVGAProperties. ClicktheAdaptertab. ClicktheChangebutton.TheUpdateDeviceDriverwizardstarts.ClickNext. Thewizarddisplaystwooptions. 5 6 7 ChoosetheoptiontoDisplayalistofalldriversinaspecificlocation.ClickNext. SelectHaveDisk.TheInstallFromDiskdialogboxappears. Enterthefollowingpath: D:\video\win9x D:isthedriveletterforthefirstvirtualCDROMdriveinyourvirtualmachine. ClickOK. 8 9 10 11 12 SelectVMwareSVGAdisplayadapterandclickOK. AnswerYestotheonscreenquestion,andclickNexttoinstallthedriver. Afterthedriverisinstalled,clickFinish. ClickCloseintheSVGAPropertiesdialogbox,andclickCloseintheDisplay Settingsdialogbox. ClickYestorestartWindows98andstartusingthenewvideodriver. TheVMwareToolsbackgroundapplicationstartsautomaticallywhenyoureboot yourvirtualmachine.
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To migrate from Windows 95 guest operating systems

1 2 3 4 5 AfterinstallingVMwareTools,clickFinish.TheDisplaySettingsdialogbox appears. ClicktheAdvancedPropertiesbutton.TheAdvancedDisplayPropertiesdialog boxappears. ClicktheChangebutton.TheSelectDevicedialogboxappears. SelectHaveDisk. Enterthefollowingpath: D:\video\win9x D:isthedriveletterforthefirstvirtualCDROMdriveinyourvirtualmachine. ClickOK. 6 7 8 9 ClickOKagaintoinstallthedriver. ClickClosefromtheAdvancedDisplayPropertiesdialogbox,andclickClose fromtheDisplaySettingdialogbox. ClickYestorestartWindows95andstartusingthenewvideodriver. TheVMwareToolsbackgroundapplicationstartsautomaticallywhenyoureboot yourvirtualmachine.
Automating the Installation of VMware Tools in a Windows Guest

ToautomatetheinstallationofVMwareToolsinaWindowsguestoperatingsystem, usetheMicrosoftWindowsInstallerruntimeenginetoinstallthesoftwaresilently(in quietmode).IfyouareinstallingVMwareToolsinanumberofWindowsvirtual machines,youmightwanttousethesilentinstallfeatures. TheguestoperatingsysteminwhichyouareinstallingVMwareToolsmusthave MicrosoftWindowsInstallerruntimeengineversion2.0orhigherinstalled.This versionisincludedwithWindowsServer2003andWindowsXP.Ifyouareinstalling VMwareToolsinotherWindowsguestoperatingsystems,checktheversionofthisfile: %WINDIR%\system32\msiexec.exe Ifyouneedtoupgradetheengine,runinstmsiw.exe(instmsia.exeforWindows95or Windows98guests),whichisincludedwiththeVMwareToolsinstaller. FormoreinformationonusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,gototheMicrosoft Website msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/msi/setup/about_windo ws_installer.asp.
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ToinstallVMwareToolssilentlyinaWindowsguest,makesurethevirtualmachines CDROMdriveisconnectedtotheVMwareToolsISOimage(windows.iso,locatedin thedirectorywhereyouinstalledVMwareServer)andconfiguredtoconnectwhenyou poweronthevirtualmachine.Runthesilentinstallationontheextractedinstallation packages.Atthecommandprompt,ononeline,type: msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL /qn TheinstallationcommandcanbecustomizedusingstandardMicrosoftWindows Installerinstallationoptions. TheADDLOCALoptiondefaultstoinstallallVMwareToolscomponents.Youcan customizetheinstallationusingacombinationoftheADDLOCALandREMOVEoptions.For informationaboutthefeaturesofVMwareTools,seeAboutVMwareToolson page 39.Youcanincludeorexcludethefollowingfeatures:
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ToolboxtheVMwareToolscontrolpanelanditsutilities.Excludingthisfeature preventsyoufromusingVMwareToolsintheguestoperatingsystem,andisnot recommended. DriversthisincludestheSVGA,Mouse,BusLogic,andvmxnetdrivers.

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SVGAtheVMwareSVGAdriver.Excludingthisfeaturelimitsthedisplay capabilitiesofyourvirtualmachine. MousetheVMwaremousedriver.Excludingthisfeaturedecreasesmouse performanceinyourvirtualmachine. BuslogictheVMwareBusLogicdriver.Excludingthisfeaturepreventsyou fromusingthisdriverinyourvirtualmachine.Ifyourvirtualmachineis configuredtousetheLSILogicdriver,thenyoumaywanttoremovethis feature. VMXNettheVMwarevmxnetnetworkingdriver.Excludingthisfeature preventsyoufromusingthisdriverinyourvirtualmachine. MemCtltheVMwarememorycontroldriver.Thisfeatureisrecommended ifyouplanonusingthisvirtualmachinewithVMwareESXServer.Excluding thisfeaturehindersthememorymanagementcapabilitiesofthevirtual machinerunningonanVMwareESXServersystem.
Toincludeafeature,useitwiththeADDLOCALoption. Toexcludeafeature,useitwiththeREMOVEoption. Forexample,toinstalleverythingbutthesharedfoldersdriver,typethefollowingon thecommandline: msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Hgfs /qn
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TheSVGA,Mouse,BusLogic,vmxnetandMemCtlfeaturesarechildrenoftheDrivers feature.Thus,onthecommandline,ifyoutype: msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Drivers /qn youalsoskipinstallationoftheSVGA,Mouse,BusLogic,vmxnetandMemCtldrivers. ThedriversinstalledbyVMwareToolsarenotsignedbyMicrosoft.Whenyouinstall VMwareTools,youareaskedtoconfirmtheinstallationofthesedrivers.Youcan preventthesemessagesfromappearingintheguestoperatingsystemduring installationbycompletingthefollowingsteps. Topreventdriverinstallationmessages: 1 2 3 Onthevirtualmachinesdesktop,rightclickMyComputer,andchoose Properties. ClicktheHardwaretab,andclickDriverSigning.TheDriverSigningdialogbox appears. ClickIgnore,andclickOKtwice.
Installing VMware Tools in a Linux Virtual Machine

ThissectionexplainshowtoinstallVMwareToolsinaLinux,FreeBSD,orSolaris virtualmachine. To install VMware Tools in a Linux, FreeBSD, or Solaris Virtual Machine 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. Aftertheguestoperatingsystemhasstarted,prepareyourvirtualmachineto installVMwareTools. ChooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. NOTE YoucaninstallVMwareToolseitherfromaterminalinanXwindow sessionorintextmode.
Asroot(su -),mounttheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage,changetoa workingdirectory(forexample,/tmp),uncompresstheinstaller,andunmountthe CDROMimage.
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NOTE
YoudonotuseanactualCDROMtoinstallVMwareTools,andyoudo notneedtodownloadtheCDROMimageorburnaphysicalCDROM ofthisimagefile.TheVMwareServersoftwarecontainsanISOimage thatlookslikeaCDROMtoyourguestoperatingsystem.Thisimage containsallthefilesneededtoinstallVMwareToolsinyourguest operatingsystem.
UsingtheTarInstalleronLinuxGuests:SomeLinuxdistributionsusedifferent devicenamesororganizethe/devdirectorydifferently.IfyourCDROMdriveis not/dev/cdromorifthemountpointforaCDROMisnot/mnt/cdrom,modifythe followingcommandstoreflecttheconventionsusedbyyourdistribution. Also,someLinuxdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyour distributionusesautomounting,donotusethemountandumountcommands below.YoustillmustuntartheVMwareToolsinstallerto/tmp. mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom cd /tmp tar zxf /mnt/cdrom/vmware-linux-tools.tar.gz umount /mnt/cdrom Gotostep4. UsingtheRPMInstalleronLinuxGuests:SomeLinuxdistributionsusedifferent devicenamesororganizethe/devdirectorydifferently.IfyourCDROMdriveis not/dev/cdromorifthemountpointforaCDROMisnot/mnt/cdrom,modifythe followingcommandstoreflecttheconventionsusedbyyourdistribution. Also,someLinuxdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.Ifyour distributionusesautomounting,donotusethemountandumountcommands below. mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom cp /mnt/cdrom/vmware-linux-tools-<xxxxx>.i386.rpm /tmp rpm -Uhv /tmp/vmware-linux-tools-<xxxxx>.i386.rpm umount /mnt/cdrom where<xxxxx>isthebuildnumberoftheVMwareServerrelease. Gotostep6. SolarisGuests:TheSolarisvolumemanagervoldmountstheCDROMunder /cdrom/vmwaretools.IftheCDROMisnotmounted,restartthevolumemanager usingthefollowingcommands: /etc/init.d/volmgt stop /etc/init.d/volmgt start
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AftertheCDROMismounted,usethefollowingcommandstoextractVMware Tools. cd /tmp gunzip -c /cdrom/vmwaretools/vmware-solaris-tools.tar.gz | tar xf Gotostep4. FreeBSDGuests:SomeFreeBSDdistributionsautomaticallymountCDROMs.If yourdistributionusesautomounting,donotusethemountandumountcommands below.YoustillmustuntartheVMwareToolsinstallerto/tmp. mount /cdrom cd /tmp tar zxf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.gz umount /cdrom 4 RuntheVMwareToolsinstaller. cd vmware-tools-distrib ./vmware-install.pl 5 6 7 8 Answerthequestionsaboutdefaultdirectories. Runtheconfigurationprogram. vmware-config-tools.pl Tochangeyourvirtualmachinesdisplayresolution,answeryes,andenterthe numberthatcorrespondstothedesiredresolution. Logoffoftherootaccount. exit 9 10 StartXandyourgraphicalenvironment.IfyouinstalledVMwareToolsinanX windowssession,restartXwindows. InanXterminal,launchtheVMwareToolsbackgroundapplication. vmware-toolbox & YoucanrunVMwareToolsasrootorasanormaluser.Toshrinkvirtualdisksorto changeanyVMwareToolsscripts,youmustrunVMwareToolsasroot(su -). NOTE Alwaysrunvmware-toolboxintheguestoperatingsystemtoensureyouhave accesstoallVMwareToolsfeatures,suchascopyandpasteandmouse ungrabforoperatingsystemsforwhichXdisplaydriverisnotavailable.
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Starting VMware Tools Automatically

YoumightfindithelpfultoconfigureyourguestoperatingsystemsoVMwareTools startswhenyoustartyourXserver.Thestepsfordoingsovarydependingonyour Linuxdistributionandyourdesktopenvironment.Checkyouroperatingsystem documentationfortheappropriatestepstotake. Forexample,inaRedHatLinux7.1guestusingGNOME,followthesesteps. 1 OpentheStartupProgramsscreenintheGNOMEControlCenter. MainMenu(clickthefooticoninthelowerleftcornerofthescreen)>Programs> Settings>Session>StartupPrograms 2 3 4 ClickAdd. IntheStartupCommandfield,entervmware-toolbox. ClickOK,clickOKagain,andclosetheGNOMEControlCenter.
ThenexttimeyoustartX,VMwareToolsalsostarts.
Starting VMware Tools in a FreeBSD 4.5 Guest Operating System

InaFreeBSD4.5guestoperatingsystem,sometimesVMwareToolsdoesnotstartafter youinstallVMwareTools,reboottheguestoperatingsystem,orstartVMwareTools onthecommandlineintheguest.Anerrormessageappears: Shared object 'libc.so.3' not found. Therequiredlibrarywasnotinstalled.Thisdoesnothappenwithfullinstallationsof FreeBSD4.5,butdoesoccurforminimalinstallations.Tofixtheproblemofthemissing library,takethefollowingsteps: 1 2 InsertandmounttheFreeBSD4.5installationCDoraccesstheISOimagefile. Changedirectoriesandruntheinstallationscript. cd /cdrom/compat3x ./install.sh
Uninstalling VMware Tools

ToremoveVMwareToolsfromyourLinuxguestoperatingsystem,logonasroot (su -)andrunthefollowingcommand: vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine

VMwareToolsisavailableforNetWare4.2,5.1,6.0,and6.5guestoperatingsystems.
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WhenyouinstallVMwareToolsinaNetWareguestoperatingsystem,theCPUidler programisinstalledandloaded.Theidlercanbedisabledfromthesystemconsole.For informationonconfiguringVMwareToolsfromthesystemconsole,seeConfiguring VMwareToolsforNetWareGuestsintheSystemConsoleonpage 66. FollowtheappropriatestepsforyourNetWareguestoperatingsystem.
Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare 5.1, 6.0, or 6.5 Virtual Machine

1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. PrepareyourvirtualmachinetoinstallVMwareTools. ChooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. 3 LoadtheCDROMdriversotheCDROMdevicemountstheISOimageasa volume.Dooneofthefollowing.
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InthesystemconsoleforaNetWare6.5virtualmachine,type LOAD CDDVD InthesystemconsoleforaNetWare6.0orNetWare5.1virtualmachine,type LOAD CD9660.NSS
Whenthedriverfinishesloading,youcanbegininstallingVMwareTools.Inthe systemconsole,type vmwtools:\setup.ncf Whentheinstallationfinishes,themessageVMware Tools for NetWare are now runningappearsintheLoggerScreen(NetWare6.5andNetWare6.0guests)orthe ConsoleScreen(NetWare5.1guests).
Restarttheguestoperatingsystem.Inthesystemconsole,type restart server
AfteryouinstallVMwareTools,makesuretheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage (netware.iso)isnotattachedtothevirtualmachine.Ifitis,disconnectit.Rightclickthe CDROMiconinthestatusbaroftheconsolewindowandselectDisconnect.
Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare 4.2 Virtual Machine

1 2 3 Poweronthevirtualmachine. PrepareyourvirtualmachinetoinstallVMwareTools.ChooseVM>Install VMwareTools.Theremainingstepstakeplaceinsidethevirtualmachine. Loadthecdrom.nlmmodule.Inthesystemconsole,type load cdrom
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MounttheVMwareToolsCDROMimage.Inthesystemconsole,type cd mount vmwtools StartinstallingVMwareTools.Inthesystemconsole,type vmwtools:\setup Whentheinstallationfinishes,themessageVMware Tools for NetWare are now runningappearsintheConsoleScreen.
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Bringtheguestoperatingsystemdown.Inthesystemconsole,type down Restarttheguestoperatingsystem.Inthesystemconsole,type restart server
AfteryouinstallVMwareTools,makesuretheVMwareToolsvirtualCDROMimage (netware.iso)isnotattachedtothevirtualmachine.Ifitis,disconnectit.Rightclickthe CDROMiconinthestatusbaroftheconsolewindowandselectDisconnect.
Executing Scripts When the Virtual Machines Power State Changes

Youcanrunscriptsintheguestoperatingsystemwhenyoupoweron,poweroff, suspend,orresumethevirtualmachine. Scriptscanhelpautomateguestoperatingsystemoperationswhenyouchangethe virtualmachinespowerstate. Youperformthesepoweroperationsfromthetoolbarbuttonsandmenusinthe VMwareServerConsoleandtheVMwareManagementInterface. OnMicrosoftWindowshostsonly,youcanconfigurescriptstorunwhenyouusethe powerbuttonsonthetoolbarbychoosingVM>Settings>Options>Powerand checkingtheappropriateoptionsunderRunVMwareToolsscripts. NOTE ThecommandsonthePowermenutakeprecedenceoverhowthetoolbar powerbuttonsareconfigured.
ScriptscanbeexecutedonlywhentheVMwareToolsserviceisrunning.Theserviceis apartofVMwareTools,soVMwareToolsmustberunningintheguestforscriptsto run.Theservicestartsbydefaultwhenyoustarttheguestoperatingsystem.Formore informationabouttheVMwareToolsservice,seeAbouttheVMwareToolsService onpage 68. DefaultscriptsareincludedinVMwareTools.OnaMicrosoftWindowshost,the defaultscriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtualmachinereleasestheIPaddressof
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thevirtualmachine,whilethedefaultscriptexecutedwhenyouresumeavirtual machinerenewstheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine(thisaffectsonlyvirtual machinesconfiguredtouseDHCP).OnaLinuxhost,thedefaultscriptexecutedwhen yoususpendavirtualmachinestopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine,whilethe defaultscriptexecutedwhenyouresumeavirtualmachinestartsnetworkingforthe virtualmachine. Inaddition,youcancreateyourownscripts.Thescriptsyoucanrunmustbebatchfiles forWindowshosts,butcanbeanyexecutableformat(suchasshellorPerlscripts)for Linuxhosts.Youshouldhaveathoroughfamiliaritywiththesetypesofscriptsbefore youmodifythedefaultscriptsorcreateyourown. Ifyoucreateyourownscripts,youmustassociateeachscriptwithitsparticularpower operation.Formoreinformation,seeChoosingScriptsforVMwareToolstoRun DuringPowerStateChangesonpage 58forWindowsguestsandChoosingScripts forVMwareToolstoRunDuringPowerStateChangesonpage 61forLinuxguests. Forscriptsandtheirassociatedpoweroperationstowork,thefollowingconditions mustbemet:
! !
TheVMwareToolsservicemustberunninginthevirtualmachine. TheversionofVMwareToolsmustbeupdatedtothecurrentversion.Ifyouare usingavirtualmachinecreatedwithanotherVMwareproduct,suchasVMware GSXServer3,updateVMwareToolstotheversionincludedinthisrelease. Dependingontheoperationthescriptperforms,thevirtualmachinemusthavea virtualnetworkadapterconnected,orthepoweroperationfails. WhenyoureinstallVMwareToolsafteryouupgradetheVMwareServer software,anychangesyoumadetothedefaultscriptsareoverwritten. Anyscriptsyoucreatedonyourownremainuntouched,butdonot benefitfromanyunderlyingchangesthatenhancethedefaultscripts.
CAUTION
Configuring VMware Tools

ThefollowingsectionsdescribehowtoconfigureVMwareToolsinavirtualmachine:
! !
ConfiguringVMwareToolsinaWindowsVirtualMachineonpage 57 ConfiguringVMwareToolsinaLinux,FreeBSD,orSolarisVirtualMachineon page 60 ConfiguringVMwareToolsinaNetWareVirtualMachineonpage 64
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Configuring VMware Tools in a Windows Virtual Machine

ThissectionshowstheoptionsavailableinaWindows2000guestoperatingsystem. SimilarconfigurationoptionsareavailableinVMwareToolsforotherWindowsguests. ToopentheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,doubleclicktheVMwareToolsiconinthe systemtray.
IftheVMwareToolsicondoesnotappearinthesystemtray,gotoStart>Control Panel>VMwareTools.
Setting Options with VMware Tools

TheOptionstabshowsmiscellaneousoptions.
Timesynchronizationbetweenthevirtualmachineandthehostoperating systemthisoptionletsyousynchronizethetimeintheguestoperatingsystem withthetimeinthehostoperatingsystem. NOTE Youcansynchronizethetimeintheguestoperatingsystemwiththetime onthehostoperatingsystemonlywhenyousettheclockintheguest operatingsystemtoatimeearlierthanthetimesetinthehost.
Tocompletelydisabletimesynchronization,seeDisablingTime Synchronizationonpage 70.

!
ShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbarthisoptiondisplaystheVMwareToolsicon intheWindowstaskbar.
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Connecting Devices with VMware Tools

TheDevicestaballowsyoutoenableordisableremovabledevices.Removabledevices includethefloppyandCDROMdrivesandthevirtualnetworkadapter.
Toconnectadeviceselectthecheckboxnexttothedevice.Todisconnectthedevice, deselectthecheckboxnexttothedevice. NOTE YoucanalsosettheseoptionsfromtheVM>RemovableDevicesmenuinthe virtualmachinewindow.
Choosing Scripts for VMware Tools to Run During Power State Changes
ThroughVMwareTools,youcanrunscriptsthatexecutewhenyoupoweron,power off,suspend,orresumethevirtualmachine.Formoreinformation,seeExecuting ScriptsWhentheVirtualMachinesPowerStateChangesonpage 55. NOTE ScriptscannotberuninWindows95guestoperatingsystems.Scriptsin WindowsNTandWindowsMeguestoperatingsystemsdonotreleaseand renewtheIPaddress.
TheScriptstabletsyouenable,disable,andrunscriptsthatareassociatedwiththe Suspend,Resume,PowerOn,andPowerOffbuttons. AdefaultscriptforeachpowerstateisincludedinVMwareTools.Thesescriptsare locatedintheguestoperatingsysteminC:\Program Files\VMware.

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Table 3-1. When You

Suspendtheguestoperating system Resumetheguestoperating system Powerofftheguestoperating system Powerontheguestoperating system
This Default Script Runs

suspend-vm-default.bat resume-vm-default.bat poweroff-vm-default.bat poweron-vm-default.bat
Windowshosts:IfthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouseDHCP,thescriptexecuted whenyoususpendavirtualmachinereleasestheIPaddressofthevirtualmachine.The scriptexecutedwhenyouresumeavirtualmachinerenewstheIPaddressofthevirtual machine. Linux,FreeBSD,andSolarishosts:Thescriptexecutedwhenyoususpendavirtual machinestopsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine.Thescriptexecutedwhenyou resumeavirtualmachinestartsnetworkingforthevirtualmachine. Foreachpowerstate,youcanusethedefaultscriptoryoucansubstituteascriptyou created.Inaddition,youcantestascriptordisabletherunningofascript.Complete thefollowingsteps. 1 2 IntheScriptEventlist,selectthepoweroperationwithwhichtoassociatethe script. Dooneofthefollowing:
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Toselectadifferentscript,clickCustomScript,clickBrowse,andselectthe newscript. Toeditascript,clickEdit.Thescriptopensinyourdefaulteditor.Makeyour changesthere. Totestthescript,clickRunNow. Todisabletherunningofascript,clicktodeselecttheUseScriptcheckbox.
! !
ClickApplytosaveyoursettings.
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Shrinking Virtual Disks with VMware Tools

TheShrinktabgivesyouaccesstothecontrolsyouneedtoreclaimunusedspaceina virtualdisk.
Insomeconfigurations,itisnotpossibletoshrinkvirtualdisks.Ifyourvirtualmachine usessuchaconfiguration,theShrinktabdisplaysinformationexplainingwhyyou cannotshrinkyourvirtualdisks. Formoreinformationaboutshrinkingvirtualdisks,seeDefragmentingandShrinking VirtualDisksonpage 125.
Viewing Information About VMware Tools

ForgeneralinformationaboutVMwareTools,clicktheAbouttab.
Inadditiontocopyrightinformation,thistabcontainsthefollowinginformation:
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TheVMwareToolsbuildnumber,whichletsyouverifythatyourVMwareTools versionmatchestheVMwareServerversionyouarerunning.Thebuildnumberis alsousefulwhenyourequestsupport. AnindicationastowhethertheVMwareToolsserviceisrunning.
Configuring VMware Tools in a Linux, FreeBSD, or Solaris Virtual Machine

ThissectionshowstheoptionsavailableinaLinuxorFreeBSDguestoperatingsystem.
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ToopentheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,atacommandprompt,type: vmware-toolbox & YoucanrunVMwareToolsasrootorasanormaluser.Toshrinkvirtualdisks,you shouldrunVMwareToolsasroot(su -). NOTE Alwaysrunvmware-toolboxintheguestoperatingsystemtoensureyouhave accesstoallVMwareToolsfeatures,suchascopyandpasteandmouse ungrabforoperatingsystemsforwhichXdisplaydriverisnotavailable.

TheDevicestaballowsyoutoenableordisableremovabledevices.Removabledevices includethefloppyandCDROMdrivesandthevirtualnetworkadapter. Toconnectadevice,selectthecheckboxnexttothedevice.Todisconnectthedevice, clicktodeselectthecheckboxnexttothedevice. NOTE YoucanalsosettheseoptionsfromtheVM>RemovableDevicesmenuinthe virtualmachinewindow.
Choosing Scripts for VMware Tools to Run During Power State Changes
ThroughVMwareTools,youcanrunscriptsthatexecutewhenyoupoweron,power off,suspend,orresumethevirtualmachine.Formoreinformation,seeExecuting ScriptsWhentheVirtualMachinesPowerStateChangesonpage 55. AdefaultscriptforeachpoweroperationisincludedinVMwareTools.Thesescripts arelocatedintheguestoperatingsystemin/etc/vmware-tools. Table 3-2. When You
Suspendtheguestoperating system Resumetheguestoperating system Powerofftheguestoperating system Powerontheguestoperating system
This Default Script Runs

suspend-vm-default resume-vm-default poweroff-vm-default poweron-vm-default
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Foreachpowerstate,youcanusethedefaultscriptoryoucansubstituteascriptyou created.Inaddition,ifyouareloggedonasroot,youcaneditascript,testascript,or disabletherunningofascript.Completethefollowingsteps. 1 Toedittheappropriatepoweroperation,select:

! ! ! !
Usedefaultscripttosuspendguestoperatingsystem Usedefaultscripttoresumeguestoperatingsystem Usedefaultscripttoshutdownguestoperatingsystem Usedefaultscripttopoweronguestoperatingsystem
Dooneofthefollowing:
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Toselectadifferentscript,clickBrowseandselectthenewscript. Toeditascript,clickEdit.Thescriptopensinvi.Makeyourchangesthere. NOTE ToeditscriptsfromtheScriptstab,xtermandvimustbeinstalledin theguestoperatingsystem.Youmustbearootusertoeditthescript andhaveviandxterminyourPATHwhenusingtheScriptstab.You canalsoeditscriptsmanuallyusinganytexteditor.
Totestascript,clickTest. NOTE IfyouplantotestscriptsinaTurbolinux7.0guestoperatingsystem, youneedtoupdatetheTurbolinuxguestoperatingsystem.Thisisa knownissuewithTurbolinux.
Todisableascript,selectthepathtothescriptanddeleteit.
ClickApplytosaveyoursettings.
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TheOptionstabgivesyoutheoptiontosynchronizethetimeintheguestoperating systemwiththetimeinthehostoperatingsystem.
NOTE
Youcansynchronizethetimeintheguestoperatingsystemwiththetimein thehostoperatingsystemonlywhenthetimeintheguestisearlierthanthe timeinthehost.
Tocompletelydisabletimesynchronization,seeDisablingTimeSynchronizationon page 70.

Toshrinkvirtualdisks,youshouldrunVMwareToolsastherootuser(su -).Ifyou shrinkthevirtualdiskasanonrootuser,youcannotpreparetoshrinkthepartsofthe virtualdiskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions.
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NOTE
Theshrinkprocessaffectsalldisksnotonlythedisksthatyouprepareto shrink.
Formoreinformationaboutshrinkingvirtualdisks,seeDefragmentingandShrinking VirtualDisksonpage 125.
Configuring VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine

ThissectiondiscussestheoptionsavailableinaNetWare6.5,6.0,or5.1guest.VMware ToolsdoesnotincludeacontrolpanelforNetWare4.2becausethatversionofNetware doesnotincludeagraphicaluserinterface.Youcanconfigurecertainvirtualmachine optionssuchastimesynchronization,CPUidling,anddeviceconfigurationwith VMwareToolsinaNetWare4.2guestinthesystemconsole.Formoreinformation,see ConfiguringVMwareToolsforNetWareGuestsintheSystemConsoleonpage 66.
Configuring VMware Tools in a NetWare 6.5, 6.0, or NetWare 5.1 Guest

ToopentheVMwareToolscontrolpanel,chooseNovell>Settings>VMwareTools forNetWare.
Viewing Information About VMware Tools

ForgeneralinformationaboutVMwareTools,clicktheVMwareToolstab.
Thistabcontains:
! !
Copyrightinformation. AbuttonyouclicktovisittheVMwareWebsite.
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TheDevicestaballowsyoutoenableordisableremovabledevices.Removabledevices includethefloppyandCDROMdrivesandthevirtualnetworkadapter.
Toconnectadevice,selectthecheckboxnexttothedevice.Todisconnectthedevice, deselectthecheckboxnexttothedevice. NOTE YoucanalsosettheseoptionsfromtheVM>RemovableDevicesmenuinthe virtualmachinewindow.

Formoreinformationaboutshrinkingvirtualdisks,seeDefragmentingandShrinking VirtualDisksonpage 125.
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TheOthertabgivesyoutheoptiontosynchronizethetimeintheguestoperating systemwiththetimeinthehostoperatingsystem.
NOTE
Youcansynchronizethetimeintheguestoperatingsystemwiththetimein thehostoperatingsystemonlywhenthetimeintheguestisearlierthanthe timeinthehost.
Tocompletelydisabletimesynchronization,seeDisablingTimeSynchronizationon page 70.
Configuring VMware Tools for NetWare Guests in the System Console

Youcanconfigurecertainvirtualmachineoptionssuchastimesynchronization,CPU idling,anddeviceconfigurationwithVMwareToolsinaNetWarevirtualmachine usingthesystemconsole.TheVMwareToolscommandlineprogramiscalledvmwtool. Toseetheoptionsassociatedwiththiscommand,typevmwtool help atthesystem console. WhenVMwareToolsisinstalledinaNetWareguest,aheartbeatisalwayssentfrom thevirtualmachinetoVMwareServer.Youcanverifythevirtualmachinesheartbeat byviewinginformationaboutthisvirtualmachineintheVMwareManagement Interface.Formoreinformation,seeMonitoringtheVirtualMachinesHeartbeat. Inaddition,youcangracefullypowerthevirtualmachineonoroffintheVMware ManagementInterface.TopoweravirtualmachineonoroffwiththeVMware ManagementInterface,seeChangingaVirtualMachinesPowerStatefromthe ManagementInterfaceonpage 90.BecausescriptsarenotavailableforNetWare virtualmachines,noscriptsarerun.
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Summary of VMware Tools Commands for a NetWare Guest

Eachcommandinthefollowingtablemustbeenteredintothesystemconsoleafterthe VMwareToolscommandvmwtool.Usethefollowingformat: vmwtool <command>toentercommands. Table 3-3. vmwtool Command
help partitonlist shrink <partition>
Definition
DisplaysasummaryofVMwareToolscommandsand optionsinaNetWareguest. Displaysalistofalldiskpartitionsinthevirtualdisk andwhetherornotapartitioncanbeshrunk. Shrinksthelistedpartitions.Ifnopartitionsare specified,allpartitionsinthevirtualdiskareshrunk. Thestatusoftheshrinkprocessappearsatthebottomof thesystemconsole. Formoreinformation,seeDefragmentingand ShrinkingVirtualDisksonpage 125.
devicelist
Listseachremovabledeviceinthevirtualmachine,its deviceIDandwhetherthedeviceisenabledordisabled. Removabledevicesincludethevirtualnetworkadapter, CDROMandfloppydrives. Disablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovabledevices inthevirtualmachinearedisabled. Note:YoucanalsodisabledevicesfromtheVM> RemovableDevicesmenuintheVMwareServer consolewindow.
disabledevice <device name>
enabledevice <device name>
Enablesthespecifieddeviceordevicesinthevirtual machine.Ifnodeviceisspecified,allremovabledevices inthevirtualmachineareenabled. Note:YoucanalsoenabledevicesfromtheVM> RemovableDevicesmenuintheVMwareServer consolewindow.
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Table 3-3. vmwtool Command

synctime [on|off]
Definition
Letsyouenableordisabletimesynchronization betweentheguestoperatingsystemandthehost operatingsystem.Bydefault,timesynchronizationis disabled. Usethiscommandwithoutanyoptionstoviewthe currenttimesynchronizationstatus. Youcansynchronizethetimeintheguestoperating systemwithtimeonthehostoperatingsystemonly whenthetimeintheguestoperatingsystemisearlier thanthetimesetinthehost.
idle [on|off]
LetsyouenableordisabletheCPUidler.Bydefault,the idleristurnedon.TheCPUidlerprogramisincludedin VMwareToolsforNetWareguests. TheidlerprogramisneededbecauseNetWareservers donotidletheprocessorwhentheoperatingsystemis idle.Asaresult,avirtualmachinetakesprocessortime fromthehostregardlessofwhethertheNetWareserver softwareisidleorbusy.
About the VMware Tools Service

WhenyouinstallVMwareToolsinavirtualmachine,theVMwareToolsserviceisone oftheprimarycomponentsinstalled.Theservicedoesthefollowing:
!
Synchronizesthetimeoftheguestoperatingsystemwiththetimeinthehost operatingsystem. Runsscriptsinavirtualmachinewhenthepowerstatechanges.SeeExecuting ScriptsWhentheVirtualMachinesPowerStateChangesonpage 55. ExecutescommandsinthevirtualmachinewhenyoushutdownorrestartaLinux orSolarisguestoperatingsystem. SendsaheartbeattoVMwareServersothatitknowstheguestoperatingsystemis running.AgaugeforthisheartbeatappearsintheVMwareManagementInterface. Formoreinformation,seeUsingtheStatusMonitor. Passesmessagesfromthehostoperatingsystemtotheguestoperatingsystem. PassesinformationbetweentheguestoperatingsystemandaVMwareScripting APIscript.
! !
Theservicestartswhenyouboottheguestoperatingsystem.
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InaWindowsguest,theVMwareToolsserviceprogramfileiscalled VMwareService.exe.HelpisavailablebyrightclickingtheVMwareToolsiconinthe systemtrayandchoosingHelp. InaLinuxorSolarisguest,theVMwareToolsserviceiscalledvmware-guestd.To displayhelpabouttheservice,includingalistofalloptions,usethefollowing command: /usr/sbin/vmware-guestd --help Thissectioncoversthefollowingtopics:

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SynchronizingtheTimeintheGuestOSwiththeHostOSonpage 69 ExecutingCommandsAfterYouPowerOfforResetaVirtualMachineon page 70 PassingaStringfromtheHostOStotheGuestOSonpage 70 PassingInformationBetweentheGuestOSandaVMwareAPIScriptonpage 73
! !
Synchronizing the Time in the Guest OS with the Host OS

TheVMwareToolsservicecansynchronizethedateandtimeintheguestoperating systemwiththetimeinthehostoperatingsystemonceeveryminute.Toenabletime synchronizationforaWindowsguest,seeSettingOptionswithVMwareToolson page 57.ToenabletimesynchronizationforaLinux,FreeBSD,orSolarisguest,see SettingOptionswithVMwareToolsonpage 63.Toenabletimesynchronizationfor aNetWareguest,seeSettingOptionswithVMwareToolsonpage 66.
Synchronizing Guest Time in Response to System Events

Theservicesynchronizesthedateandtimeintheguestwiththetimeinthehostin responsetovarioussystemevents.Theseeventsinclude:
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Takingasnapshot.Inthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmx),thissettingis representedbythetime.synchronize.continueoption. Revertingtoasnapshot.Inthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmx),this settingisrepresentedbythetime.synchronize.restoreoption. Resumingasuspendedvirtualmachine.Inthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile (.vmx),thissettingisrepresentedbythetime.synchronize.resume.diskoption. Shrinkingthevirtualdisk.Inthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmx),this settingisrepresentedbythetime.synchronize.shrinkoption.
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Disabling Time Synchronization

Todisabletimesynchronizationintheguest,openthevirtualmachinesconfiguration file(.vmx)inatexteditorandsetthefollowingoptionstoFALSE. tools.syncTime tools.synchronize.restore time.synchronize.resume.disk time.synchronize.continue time.synchronize.shrink
Executing Commands After You Power Off or Reset a Virtual Machine

InaLinuxguest,youcanhavetheVMwareToolsserviceexecutespecificcommands whenyoushutdownorrestarttheguestoperatingsystem.Thisisinadditiontoany scriptthatyoumighthavespecifiedtorunwhenyoushutdowntheguestoperating system. Toexecutethesecommands,youneedtomodify/etc/vmware-tools/tools.conf.The commandsare: halt-command = <command> (where<command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyoushutdowntheguestoperating system) reboot-command = <command> (where<command>isthecommandtoexecutewhenyourestarttheguestoperating system)
Passing a String from the Host OS to the Guest OS

WithVMwareServerandknowledgeofascriptinglanguagelikePerlorNetShell(ina Windows2000guestoperatingsystem),youcanpassastringfromyourvirtual machinesconfigurationfileinthehostoperatingsystemtotheguestoperatingsystem whenyouusetheconfigurationfiletolaunchavirtualmachine. Whatyoupasstotheguestoperatingsystemisuptoyou.Youshouldpassastringonly ifyouhaveagoodunderstandingofascriptinglanguageandknowhowtomodify systemstartupscripts.
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Therearetwowaysofpassingstringstoavirtualmachinesguestoperatingsystem: 1 Youcanplaceastringinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfilebysettingthe stringtothemachine.idparameter. Forexample,youcansetthisstring: machine.id = "Hello World." 2 Youpassthestringtotheguestoperatingsystemfromthecommandlinewhen youlaunchthevirtualmachine.Seeexample1below.
YoucanpassitemsliketheWindowssystemID(SID),amachinenameoranIP address.Insidetheguestoperatingsystemstartupscript,youhavetheserviceretrieve thisstring,whichcanthenbeusedinanotherscriptyouwriteandincludeinthestartup scripttosetyourvirtualmachinessystemID,machinename,orIPaddress. Thisway,youcanmakecopiesofthesameconfigurationfile,addadifferentstringto each(eitherintheconfigurationfileitselforatthecommandline),thenusethese variationsofthesameconfigurationfiletolaunchthesamevirtualdiskin nonpersistentmodemultipletimesinatrainingortestingenvironment,forexample. Thisiswhatportionsoftwoconfigurationfilesthatpointtothesamevirtualdiskmight looklike.Eachconfigurationfilecontainsitsownuniquestringsetforthemachine.id parameter. <config_file_1>.vmxcontains: ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_first_vm" <config_file_2>.vmxcontains: ide0:0.present = TRUE ide0:0.fileName = "my_common_virtual_hard_drive.vmdk" machine.id = "the_string_for_my_second_vm" Passingastringisalsousefulinsituationswhereyouwanttodeployvirtualmachines onanetworkusingacommonconfigurationfile,whileprovidingeachmachinewith itsownuniqueidentity.Inthiscase,youspecifythestringatthecommandline(you needtolauncheachvirtualmachinewiththevmware -scommand)whenyoulaunch eachvirtualmachineusingthisconfigurationfile.Seeexample1below. Eachvirtualmachinediskfilemustbecopiedintoitsowndirectoryifitsharesits filenamewithanothervirtualmachinediskfile. ThefollowingexampleusesaWindowshostandguesttoillustratehowyoucanuse theservicetoretrieveastringcontainingwhatwillbecomethevirtualmachines
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machinenameandIPaddress.Inthisexample,W2KVMisthemachinenameand 148.30.16.24istheIPaddress. 1 Defineastring.Dothisbyeither:

!
Addingthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachinesconfigurationfile: machine.id = "W2K-VM 148.30.16.24" thenlaunchingavirtualmachineusingthisconfigurationfile. Launchingavirtualmachinefromthecommandline.Atthecommandline, type: C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server\vmware -s 'machine.id=W2K-VM 148.30.16.24' C:\Virtual Machines\win2000\win2000.vmx Writetheabovecommandononeline. OnaLinuxhost,themachineIDpassedonthecommandlinetakes precedenceandispassedtotheguestoperatingsystemifthefollowing conditionsaremet:
NOTE NOTE
! ! !
AvirtualmachineIDisspecifiedinaconfigurationfile. Youusethatfiletolaunchavirtualmachine. YoualsospecifyamachineIDonthecommandline.
Retrievethestringinthevirtualmachine.InaWindowsguest,thecommandto retrievethestringis VMwareService --cmd machine.id.get NOTE InyourLinuxguestoperatingsystemsstartupscript,addthefollowing commandbeforethenetworkstartupsection: /etc/vmware/vmware-guestd --cmd 'machine.id.get'
Youneedtofurthercustomizethisstartupscriptsoitusesthestringtheservice retrievedduringstartuptosetthevirtualmachinesnetworknametoW2KVMandits IPaddressto148.30.16.24.Thisstringshouldbelocatedinthescriptbeforethenetwork servicesarestarted.IfyoureusingaWindows2000guestoperatingsystem,for example,youcancalltheNetShellutility(netsh)andpassitthecontentsofthestring, whichthenusesthestringaccordingly(thatis,itcansetanewIPaddressforthevirtual machine,ifthatiswhatwaspassedinthestringoriginally).
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Fromyourhostoperatingsystem,youcanpreventastringfrombeingpassedtothe guestoperatingsystemviatheservice.Todothis,setthefollowinglineinyourvirtual machinesconfigurationfile: isolation.tools.getMachineID.disable = TRUE
Passing Information Between the Guest OS and a VMware API Script

Whentheguestoperatingsystemisrunninginsideavirtualmachine,theVMware ToolsserviceallowsyoutopassinformationfromaVMwareScriptingAPIscriptyou created(thatisrunninginanotherhostmachine)totheguestoperatingsystemand fromtheguestoperatingsystemtoascript. Formoreinformation,gototheVMwareWebsiteat www.vmware.com/support/developer.
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C HAPTER 4
Running Virtual Machines
AfteryouhaveinstalledVMwareServer,aguestoperatingsystem,andVMwareTools, youarereadytorunyourvirtualmachine.Thischapterdescribesthemostcommon taskstorunvirtualmachinesandcoversthefollowingtopics:

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
OverviewoftheVMwareServerConsoleWindowonpage 75 ConnectingtoVirtualMachinesandVMwareServerHostsonpage 82 ChangingthePowerStateofaVirtualMachineonpage 88 ControllingtheVirtualMachineDisplayonpage 95 RunningVirtualMachinesfromDVDsorCDROMDiscsonpage 98 RunningVirtualMachinesfromDVDsorCDROMDiscsonpage 98 UsingPXEwithVirtualMachinesonpage 100 InstallingSoftwareinaVirtualMachineonpage 101 Cutting,Copying,andPastingTextonpage 102 UsingDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 102 CommandReferenceonpage 104
Forpurposesofillustration,theexamplesinthesesectionsuseaWindowsServer2003 guestoperatingsystem.Somecommandsusedintheillustrationsaredifferentfrom thoseusedinotherguestoperatingsystems.
Overview of the VMware Server Console Window

ThefollowingsectionsprovideanoverviewoftheVMwareServerConsole:
! ! ! ! !
UsingtheHomeTabonpage 77 UsingTabsonpage 78 ConfiguringaVirtualMachineonpage 79 UsingtheVirtualMachineInventoryonpage 79 DisplayingHintsonpage 80
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! !
CheckingtheStatusofVMwareToolsonpage 80 CreatingaScreenShotofaVirtualMachineonpage 81
ThinkofaVMwareServervirtualmachineasaseparatecomputerthatrunsina windowonyourphysicalcomputersdesktop.TheVMwareServerConsoleletsyou connecttomultiplevirtualmachinesandswitcheasilyfromonetoanother. WhenyoufirstconnecttheVMwareServerConsoletoaVMwareServerhost,the Hometabappearsinthevirtualmachinedisplay.TheHometabindicateswhetheryou areconnectingtoGSX3ServerorVMwareServerandtheversionoftheserver software.ThestatusbaroftheVMwareServerConsolewindowalsodisplaysthis information. NOTE VMwaresupportsconnectingtoVMwareGSXServer3hostsandusing virtualmachinescreatedwithVMwareGSXServer3aslegacymachines.You canalsoupgradethevirtualhardwareofthosevirtualmachines.Youmust upgradethehardwareofvirtualmachinescreatedunderVMwareGSXServer 2.YoucannotconnecttoVMwareESXServerfromVMwareServer.Formore informationsee,MigratingfromGSXServertoVMwareServerinthe VMwareServerAdministrationGuide.
IfyouareconnectingtoaGSX3Serversomeofthecontrolsandfunctionalityofthe interfacechangetoaccommodatethedifferencesbetweenthefeaturesavailabletothat product.Toseealistofwhatisdifferent,seeConnectingtoVMwareGSXServerand OlderVirtualMachinesonpage 86.
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Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines
Menu Layouts
Thefollowingtableliststhelocationsforthemostcommonlyusedmenuitems.: Table 4-1. Menu Items
File>New>VirtualMachine File>New>Window File>Exit VM>RemovableDevices Host>Settings(forglobalhostsettings)and Edit>Preferences(forusersettings) VM>Settings Host>VirtualNetworkSettings VM>InstallVMwareTools VM>UpgradeVirtualHardware VM>SendCtrl+Alt+Del VM>GrabInput
Using the Home Tab

YoucanusetheHometabtoquicklycreatenewvirtualmachines,openexistingvirtual machines,connecttootherVMwareServerhosts,andsetglobalpreferencesforthe currentVMwareServerhost.
!
Forinformationoncreatingvirtualmachines,seeCreatingaNewVirtual MachinewiththeVirtualMachineWizardonpage 27. Forinformationonopeninganexistingvirtualmachine,seeConnectingto VirtualMachinesandVMwareServerHostsonpage 82. Forinformationonchanginghosts,seeConnectingtoaDifferentVMwareServer Hostonpage 85. ForinformationonconfiguringtheVMwareServerhost,seeSettingGlobal PreferencesforVMwareServer.
Opening Virtual Machines from the Inventory list InVMwareServer,youcanopenmultiplevirtualmachineslocatedonthesameserver hostinthesameVMwareServerConsolewindow.Youcanrunmultipleconsolesand haveeachconnecttovirtualmachinesondifferentservers.Besureyouhaveenough memoryandprocessorpowertohandlethenumberofvirtualmachinesyouwantto run.
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SelectingvirtualmachinesintheInventorylistopenstheminnewtabs.Ifthevirtual machineisalreadyrunning,itsdesktopappearsinthevirtualmachinedisplay. Ifthevirtualmachineissuspendedorpoweredoff,thevirtualmachinedisplaylists informationaboutthevirtualmachine,includingitspowerstate,theguestoperating system,thelocationoftheconfigurationfile,andwhetherthevirtualmachineis configuredforVMwareServerorVMwareGSXServer3.
. Figure 4-1. With the virtual machine powered off or suspended, you can enter notes about it, edit its settings or start it. Double-click on a device to configure it. Forinformationabouttheinventory,seeUsingtheVirtualMachineInventoryon page 79. Insteadofusingphysicalbuttonstoturnthiscomputeronandoff,youusebuttonson thetoolbaratthetopoftheVMwareServerConsolewindow.
Figure 4-2. Toolbar when a virtual machine is powered off (as seen on a Windows host) ThereareseparatePowerOffandPowerOnbuttons.Whenyoususpendavirtual machine,thePowerOnbuttonbecomesaResumebutton.
Using Tabs
Whenavirtualmachineisactive,itsvirtualmachinenameappearsonatabatthetop ofthevirtualmachinedisplay.Toswitchfromonevirtualmachinedisplaytoanother,
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clickthetabofthevirtualmachineyouwanttosee.ItslikeasoftKVMswitch.Youcan usethisfeatureinthewindowedviewandalsointhequickswitchview. Figure 4-3. Tabs make it easy to switch among active virtual machines (as seen on a Windows host) Youcancloseavirtualmachinestabwithoutinterruptingtheoperationofthevirtual machine.Ifthevirtualmachineisrunningwhenyouclosethetab,thevirtualmachine keepsrunninginthebackgroundandwillberunningwhenyouopenitinatabagain. Toviewthevirtualmachineinthevirtualmachinedisplayagain,clickthevirtual machineintheinventory.IfyouclosetheHometab,youcanopenitagainbychoosing View>GotoHomeTab. Ifyouwanttoviewmorethanonevirtualmachineatthesametime,youcanopen multipleconsolewindowsandlaunchoneormorevirtualmachinesineach.Toview virtualmachinesondifferentservers,connectanewconsoletoeachserver.
Configuring a Virtual Machine

Tochangesettingsforavirtualdevice,usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Choose VM>Settings,clickthedevicenameinthelistontheleft,thenmakechangesonthe right.
Figure 4-4. Use the virtual machine settings editor to add, remove and modify virtual machine components Formoreinformation,seeUsingDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 102.
Using the Virtual Machine Inventory

WhenyoucreateavirtualmachinewithVMwareServeritisaddedtotheinventory automatically.ThisallowsthevirtualmachinetobeaccessedbyaVMwareServer ConsoleandtheVMwareManagementInterface.
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Theinventorygivesyouaconvenientwaytoopenvirtualmachines.Toaddavirtual machinetotheinventory(forexample,ifyoucopiedthevirtualmachinefromanother host,youneedtoaddittotheinventorymanually),chooseFile>Open,clickBrowse, andbrowsetothevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file. Indicatorsontheiconsforvirtualmachinesinthelistshowwhetheravirtualmachine ispoweredoff,poweredonorsuspended. Totogglethedisplayoftheinventoryonoroff,pressF9 onbothWindowsandLinux hosts.OnWindowshostsonly,youcanalso clicktheinventorybutton( )onthe toolbar.
Removing a Virtual Machine from the Inventory

Ifyoudonotcurrentlyneedtouseavirtualmachine,butdonotwanttodeleteit,you canremoveitfromtheinventoryinstead.Thevirtualmachinenolongerappearsinthe VMwareServerConsoleortheVMwareManagementInterface. Removingthevirtualmachinefromthelistdoesnotaffectthevirtualmachinesfiles. To remove a name from the Inventoy 1 2 Selectavirtualmachinenameinthelist. ChooseFile>RemovefromInventory.
Displaying Hints
VMwareServercandisplayhintsthatappearinresponsetovariousactionsyoutake whenyourunavirtualmachine.Thehintsprovidemoreinformationaboutthese actions.Bydefault,hintsareturnedoff.VMwarerecommendsthatusersnewto VMwareServerdisplayhints.Todisplayhints,chooseHelp>Hints>ShowEnabled HintsintheVMwareServerConsole.Toenablehintsthatweredisabled,chooseHelp >Hints>EnableAllHints. Youcanhideeachhintonacasebycasebasis.Tohideahint,checkNevershowthis hintagainbeforedismissingthehintdialogbox.Toenablehintsthatweredisabled, chooseHelp>Hints>EnableAllHints.
Checking the Status of VMware Tools

Forbestperformance,youshouldinstallVMwareToolsandruninyourvirtual machine.FormoreinformationaboutVMwareTools,seeUsingVMwareToolson page 39. AfteryouinstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsvirtualmachine,theVMwareTools servicesstartautomaticallywhenyoustarttheguestoperatingsystem.
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Figure 4-5. When VMware Tools is running in a Windows virtual machine, the VMware Tools icon appears in the system tray unless you disable the icon. IftheVMwareToolsiconisnotdisplayedinthesystemtray,usetheVMwareTools controlpanelintheguestoperatingsystem(Start>Settings>ControlPanel>VMware Tools)tochangesettingsforVMwareTools.Youcanalsoreactivatethesystemtray icon.OntheOptionstab,checkShowVMwareToolsinthetaskbar. InaLinuxorFreeBSDvirtualmachine,boottheguestoperatingsystem,startX,and launchyourgraphicalenvironment.LaunchtheVMwareToolsbackground applicationwiththiscommand: vmware-toolbox & YoucanrunVMwareToolsasrootorasanormaluser.Toshrinkvirtualdisks,you mustrunVMwareToolsasroot(su -).Totestandeditscripts,youmustrunVMware Toolsastherootuser. InaNetWare5.1orhigherguestoperatingsystem,youaccesstheVMwareTools controlpanelbychoosingNovell>Settings>VMwareToolsforNetWare. Withsomewindowmanagers,youcanplacethecommandtostartVMwareTools automaticallywhenyoustartyourgraphicalenvironment.Consultyourwindow managersdocumentationfordetails.Formoreinformation,seeStartingVMware ToolsAutomaticallyonpage 53.
A Reminder About Installing VMware Tools

AnalertappearsinthestatusbaratthelowerleftcorneroftheVMwareServer windowwhenyourvirtualmachineisnotrunningtheversionofVMwareToolsthat matchesyourversionofVMwareServer.
TolaunchtheVMwareToolsinstaller,chooseVM>InstallVMwareTools. NOTE Yourguestoperatingsystemmustbecompletelyinstalledandrunningwhen youinstallVMwareTools.
Fordetails,seeInstallingVMwareToolsonpage 41.
Creating a Screen Shot of a Virtual Machine

YoucancaptureascreenshotofavirtualmachineusingVM>CaptureScreen.You cansavethisimageasabitmap(.bmp)fileonaWindowshostorasaportablenetwork graphics(.png)fileonaLinuxhost.
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Connecting to Virtual Machines and VMware Server Hosts

Thissectioncoversthefollowingtopics:
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ConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromaWindowsHostorClientonpage 82 ConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromaLinuxHostorClientonpage 84 ConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromtheVMwareManagementInterfaceon page 85 ConnectingtoaDifferentVMwareServerHostonpage 85 ConnectingtoVMwareGSXServerandOlderVirtualMachinesonpage 86
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Connecting to a Virtual Machine from a Windows Host or Client

Toviewaparticularvirtualmachinesdesktop,eitherfromaremoteclientorthelocal client,attachtheVMwareServerConsoleandconnecttothevirtualmachine. ToconnecttoavirtualmachinefromaWindowshost: 1 StarttheVMwareServerConsole,eitherbyclickingontheVMwareServer ConsoleiconorbygoingtoStart>Programs>VMware>VMwareServer> VMwareServerConsole. TheVMwareVirtualMachineConsoleConnecttoHostdialogboxappears.
Ifyouareconnectingfromthelocalhost,selectlocalhost. Toconnecttoaremotehost,specifythehostname,username,andpasswordto connecttothathost,andclickOK.
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IfthisisthefirsttimeyouhavelaunchedVMwareServerandyoudidnot entertheserialnumberwhenyouinstalledtheproduct(anoption availableonaWindowshost),youarepromptedtoenterit.Theserial numberisintheemailmessagethatcamewithyourelectronic distribution.EnteryourserialnumberandclickOK.
TheserialnumberyouenterissavedandVMwareServerdoesnotaskyouforit again.Foryourconvenience,VMwareServerautomaticallysendstheserial numbertotheVMwareWebsitewhenyouusecertainWeblinksbuiltintothe product(forexample,Help>VMwareontheWeb>RegisterNow!andHelp> VMwareontheWeb>RequestSupport).Thisallowsustodirectyoutothe correctWebpagetoregisterandgetsupportforyourproduct. TheVMwareServerConsolewindowopens.
SelectthenameofthevirtualmachineintheInventorylistattheleftofthe VMwareServerConsolewindow. Ifthevirtualmachinedoesnotappearintheinventory,chooseFile>Open,click Browseandbrowsetotheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforthevirtualmachinetouse. NOTE Bydefault,VMwareServerstoresvirtualmachinesin <installdrive>:\Virtual Machines\<guestOS>.
Tostartavirtualmachine,clickthePowerOnbutton.
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IfVMwareToolsisnotrunninginthevirtualmachine,clickanywhereinsidethe virtualmachinewindowtogivethevirtualmachinecontrolofyourmouseand keyboard. Tologon,useCtrlAltInsnotCtrlAltDelandtypeyournameandpassword justasyoudoonaphysicalcomputer.IfyouuseCtrlAltDel,theWindowshost detectsthecommand.
Connecting to a Virtual Machine from a Linux Host or Client

ToviewaparticularvirtualmachinesdesktopfromalocalLinuxhost,aremoteLinux hostrunningVMwareServeroraclient,attachtheVMwareServerConsoleand connecttothevirtualmachine. YouneedanXservertoruntheVMwareServerConsole.IfanXserverisnotinstalled, youmustinstalllibxpm.so.4,locatedonyourLinuxdistributiondisk. 1 2 StarttheVMwareServerConsole.Openaterminalwindow. ToconnecttheVMwareServerConsoletoavirtualmachine,type: vmware & for either a local or remote hostPressEnter. TheConnecttoHostdialogboxappears. 3 Ifyouareconnectingfromalocalhost,selectLocalhost,andclickConnect. Toconnecttoaremotehost,selectRemotehost,andspecifythehostname,user name,andpassword.ClickConnect. TheVMwareServerConsolewindowopens.
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SelectthenameofthevirtualmachineyouwanttouseintheInventorylistatthe leftoftheVMwareServerConsolewindow. IfthevirtualmachinedoesnotappearintheInventory,chooseFile>Openand clickBrowsetolocatetheconfigurationfile(.vmxor.cfgfile)forthevirtual machineyouwanttouse. NOTE Bydefault,VMwareServerstoresvirtualmachinesin /var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines/<guestOS>.
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Tostartthevirtualmachine,clickthePowerOnbutton. IfVMwareToolsisnotrunninginthevirtualmachine,clickanywhereinsidethe virtualmachinedisplaytogivethevirtualmachinecontrolofyourmouseand keyboard. Tologon,typeinyournameandpasswordjustasyoudoonaphysicalcomputer.
Connecting to a Virtual Machine from the VMware Management Interface

Toviewaparticularvirtualmachinesdesktop,youcanattachtheVMwareServer Consoleandconnecttothevirtualmachine. FromtheVMwareManagementInterface,clicktheterminalicon( )intherowfor thevirtualmachinetowhichyouwanttoconnectwiththeVMwareServerConsole.For moreinformation,seeConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromaWindowsHostor Clientonpage 82andConnectingtoaVirtualMachinefromaLinuxHostorClient onpage 84.
Connecting to a Different VMware Server Host

EachVMwareServerConsolecanconnecttooneVMwareServerhostatatime.To switchhostsfromtheVMwareServerConsole,completethefollowingsteps. 1 2 FromaVMwareServerConsole,chooseHost>SwitchHost.TheSwitchHost dialogboxappears. ChoosewhethertoconnecttothelocalhostoranotherVMwareServerhost.
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ToconnecttoavirtualmachineonanotherVMwareServerhost,specifythe hostname,username,andpasswordtoconnecttothathost,thenclickOK.
IfyouwerealreadyconnectedtoadifferentVMwareServerhost,youlosethat connection.
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Connecting to VMware GSX Server and Older Virtual Machines

WhenyouconnectaVMwareServerConsolefromVMwareServertoVMwareGSX Server3,theVMwareServerConsolecontrolsadapttoVMwareGSXServer.Features introducedinVMwareServer,suchasVirtualSMP,arenotavailableonvirtual machinesrunningVMwareGSXServer3. AsdiscussedinOverviewoftheVMwareServerConsoleWindowonpage 75,the HometabandthestatusbarintheVMwareServerConsolewindowdisplaythe typeVMwareGSXServer3orVMwareServerandversionoftheservertowhich youareconnecting. IfyouarerunningVMwareServerwithavirtualmachinecreatedunderVMwareGSX Server3,thevirtualmachinessummaryinformationindicatesthatitisalegacyvirtual machine.IfthevirtualmachinewascreatedusingVMwareServerorWorkstation5.x, thevirtualmachineisconsideredtobeacurrentvirtualmachinewhenrununder VMwareServer.LookfortheVersioninformationinthevirtualmachinedisplaywhen thevirtualmachineisnotrunning. Inaddition,thevirtualmachinesettingseditoridentifiesavirtualmachineasalegacy virtualmachine. NOTE TodeterminewhichversionofanotherVMwareproductisolderthan VMwareServer,seetheVMwareVirtualMachineMobilityPlanningGuideonthe VMwareWebsite.Thisguidealsodiscussesmovingvirtualmachines betweenVMwareproducts.
IfyouarerunninganoldervirtualmachineonaVMwareServerhost,thevirtual machineisconsideredalegacyvirtualmachineuntilyouupgradethevirtual hardware.Somelegacyvirtualmachinesettingsaredisabled.Forexample,youcannot addphysicaldiskstoalegacyvirtualmachineonacurrentVMwareServerhost. TheabilitiesandlimitationsofconnectingtheVMwareServerConsoletoolderservers andoldervirtualmachinesareoutlinedbelow.
Configuring the Host

YoucanconfigureahostrunningVMwareServerorVMwareGSXServer3only.You cannotconfigureahostrunninganyotherversionofVMwareGSXServeroranyother VMwareproduct.
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Creating and Deleting Virtual Machines

YoucancreatenewvirtualmachinesontheVMwareGSXServer3hostfromthe VMwareServerConsole.YoucanalsodeletevirtualmachinesrunningonaVMware GSXServer3hostfromtheVMwareServerConsole.
Upgrading Virtual Hardware

UsingtheVMwareServerConsole,youcanupgradethevirtualhardwareoflegacy virtualmachinesonlytothevirtualhardwarelevelsupportedbytheVMwareGSX Server3orVMwareServerhostthatitresideson.Toupgradethevirtualhardwareof alegacyvirtualmachinecreatedusingVMwareGSXServer2,youmustuninstall VMwareGSXServeronthehostandinstallVMwareServer. Afteryouupgradethevirtualhardware,thevirtualmachineisnolongerconsideredto bealegacyvirtualmachine.Formoreinformationonhowtoupgradethevirtual hardwareofalegacyvirtualmachine,seeUpgradingVirtualHardwareinthe VMwareServerAdministrationGuide.
Virtual Disk Modes

Youcanspecifyadiskmodeforpersistentornonpersistentvirtualdisks.Fora discussionofdiskmodes,seeAddingVirtualDiskstoaVirtualMachineonpage 132. IfyouarerunningalegacyvirtualmachineonaVMwareServerhost,thevirtual machinesdiskmodesarehonoredbutcannotbemodified.Independentdiskmodes donotapply(seeIndependentDisksonpage 121).Forinformationonhow snapshotsworkwithdiskmodes,seeSnapshotsandLegacyDiskModeson page 117.
Using Snapshots
YoucantakesnapshotsofvirtualmachinesrunningonVMwareGSXServer3when connectedtotheVMwareGSXServerhostfromaVMwareServerhost.Youcannot takesnapshotsoflegacyvirtualmachinesrunningonaVMwareServerhost.Formore information,seeSnapshotsandLegacyDiskModesonpage 117.
Virtual CD-ROM Drive Differences

Youcanenablerawaccessforthevirtualmachine.Thisisknownaslegacyemulation inVMwareServer.
Virtual Network Interface Card (NIC)

IfyouarerunningaVMwareGSXServer3virtualmachine,youcanchoosethevmxnet adapteronlyiftheguestoperatingsystemisWindows2000,WindowsXPorWindows Server2003.
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Product Messages
MessagesthattheVMwareServerConsoledisplaysarebasedontheversionofthe servertowhichyouareconnecting.Referencestomenuitems,interfaceelementsand productterminologyarerelevanttothatservertypeandversion,notnecessarilytothe currentversionofVMwareServer.
Viewing the Tip of the Day

YoucanviewthetipofthedaywhenyouareconnectedtoaVMwareGSXServer3 host.
Changing the Power State of a Virtual Machine

Thefollowingtopicsdiscusswaysyouchangeavirtualmachinespowerstate:
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UsingPowerOptionsforVirtualMachinesonpage 88 SuspendingandResumingVirtualMachinesonpage 91 ShuttingDownaVirtualMachineonpage 92 PoweringVirtualMachinesOnandOffonpage 92
Using Power Options for Virtual Machines

Thebasicpoweroperationsforavirtualmachineincludepoweringon,poweringoff, suspending,resuming,andresetting.Theseoptionsareanalogoustothepower operationsonaphysicalcomputer. IfVMwareToolsisrunning,youcanrunscriptswhenyouchangethepowerstateofa virtualmachine.Formoreinformation,seeExecutingScriptsWhentheVirtual MachinesPowerStateChangesonpage 55. Whenyouresetavirtualmachine,youcanchooseeithertorestarttheguestoperating system,whichgracefullyclosesapplicationsandrestartstheguestoperatingsystem,or toresetthevirtualmachine,whichisthesameaspressingtheresetbuttononaphysical computer. Similarly,whenyoupoweroffthevirtualmachine,youcanchooseeithertoshutdown theguestoperatingsystem,whichgracefullyclosesapplicationsandshutstheguest operatingsystemdown,ortoturnoffthevirtualmachine,whichisthesameas pressingthepowerbuttononaphysicalcomputer. AllthepoweroptionsareavailableonthePowermenu.Themenuitemsmightnotbe available,dependinguponthecurrentpowerstateofthevirtualmachine.Forexample, ifthevirtualmachineispoweredoff,youcannotselectanypoweroff,suspend, resume,orresetoptions.
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Forthepurposeofrunningscriptsintheguestoperatingsystem,thecommandsonthe Powermenutakeprecedenceoverhowthetoolbarpowerbuttonsareconfigured. Forexample,iftheSuspendtoolbarbuttonisconfiguredtorunascriptwhenyou suspendthevirtualmachine,andyoudonotwanttorunthescript,choosePower> Suspend.Similarly,iftheSuspendtoolbarbuttonisnotconfiguredtorunascript,and youwanttorunthescriptatthetimeyoususpendthevirtualmachine,choosePower >Suspendafterrunningscript.
Options for Powering On a Virtual Machine

Choosefromthefollowingoptionswhenpoweringonavirtualmachine:
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PowerOnpowersonthevirtualmachine.ThisisthesameasclickingthePower Onbuttononthetoolbar.Whenthevirtualmachineissuspended,thismenuitem appearsasResume. PowerOnandRunScriptpowersonthevirtualmachine,thenexecutesthe associatedscript.
Options for Powering Off a Virtual Machine

Choosefromthefollowingoptionswhenpoweringoffavirtualmachine:
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PowerOffpowersoffthevirtualmachine.Thisissimilartoturningoffa physicalcomputerbypressingitspowerbutton,soanyprogramsrunninginthe virtualmachinecouldbeadverselyaffected. ShutDownGuestrunstheassociatedscript,thengracefullyshutstheguest operatingsystemdownand,iftheguestoperatingsystemsupportsAdvanced PowerManagement,powersoffthevirtualmachine.Thisisthesameaschoosing Start>ShutDown>ShutDowninaWindowsoperatingsystemorissuinga shutdowncommandinaLinuxoperatingsystem.
Youcanconfigurethestopbutton( )onthetoolbartopoweroffthevirtualmachine orshutdowntheguestoperatingsystem.ChooseVM>Settings,thenclickOptions> Power,andchoosethedesiredactioninthelistunderPowerControls.
Options for Suspending a Virtual Machine

Choosefromthefollowingoptionswhensuspendingavirtualmachine:
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Suspendsuspendsthevirtualmachine. SuspendafterRunningScriptexecutestheassociatedscript,thensuspendsthe virtualmachine.
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Options for Resuming a Virtual Machine

Choosefromthefollowingoptionswhenresumingavirtualmachine:
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Resumeresumesthesuspendedvirtualmachine.Whenthevirtualmachineis poweredoff,thismenuitemappearsasPowerOn. ResumeandRunScriptresumesthesuspendedvirtualmachine,thenexecutes theassociatedscript.
Options for Resetting a Virtual Machine

Choosefromthefollowingoptionswhenresettingavirtualmachine:
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Resetresetsthevirtualmachine.Thisissimilartoresettingaphysicalcomputer bypressingitsresetbutton,soanyprogramsrunninginthevirtualmachinecould beadverselyaffected. RestartGuestgracefullyrestartsthevirtualmachine.Thisisthesameas choosingStart>ShutDown>RestartinaWindowsoperatingsystemorissuing arebootcommandinaLinuxoperatingsystem.
Youcanconfiguretheresetbutton( )onthetoolbartoresetthevirtualmachineor restarttheguestoperatingsystem.ChooseVM>Settings,thenclickOptions>Power, andchoosethedesiredactioninthelistunderPowerControls.
Changing a Virtual Machines Power State from the Management Interface

Dependinguponyourpermissions,youcanchangethepowerstateofthevirtual machineintheVMwareManagementInterface.Yourpermissionsarelistedinthe UsersandEventstabforthevirtualmachine.Formoreinformation,seeViewinga ListofConnectedUsers. Tochangethevirtualmachinespowerstate,clickthebuttonthatcorrespondstothe virtualmachinescurrentpowerstate.Apopupmenuappears,displayingthe followingbuttons:
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Table 4-2. Button Description

Shutsdowntheguestoperatingsystemandpowersoffthevirtual machine.Anyopenapplicationsclose,theguestoperatingsystemshuts down,thenVMwareServerpowersoffthevirtualmachine.VMware Toolsexecutesanyscriptassociatedwiththispowerstatechange.When thisiconisred,thevirtualmachineispoweredoff. Suspendsarunningvirtualmachine.VMwareToolsexecutesanyscript associatedwiththispowerstatechange.Whenthisiconisamber,the virtualmachineissuspended. Powersonastoppedvirtualmachineorresumesasuspendedvirtual machine.VMwareToolsexecutesanyscriptassociatedwiththispower statechange.Whenthisiconisgreen,thevirtualmachineisrunning. Restartsaguestoperatingsystem.Anyopenapplicationsclose,theguest operatingsystemshutsdown,thenVMwareServerrestartstheguest. VMwareToolsexecutesanyscriptassociatedwiththispowerstate change.
Changingthepowerstateexecutesanyscriptassociatedwiththepowerstatechange. Formoreinformationaboutrunningscripts,seeExecutingScriptsWhentheVirtual MachinesPowerStateChangesonpage 55.
Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines

Youcansavethecurrentstateofyourvirtualmachinebysuspendingit.Later,youcan resumethevirtualmachinetopickupworkquickly,rightwhereyoustoppedwith alldocumentsyouwereworkingonopenandallapplicationsinthestatetheywereat thetimeyoususpendedthevirtualmachine. Tosuspendavirtualmachine: 1 2 Ifyourvirtualmachineisrunninginfullscreenmode,returntowindowmodeby pressingtheCtrlAltkeycombination. ClickSuspendontheVMwareServerConsoletoolbar.
Toresumeasuspendedvirtualmachine: 1 StarttheVMwareServerConsoleandchooseasuspendedvirtualmachine.The processisthesameasthatdescribedinConnectingtoVirtualMachinesand VMwareServerHostsonpage 82. ClickResumeontheVMwareServerConsoletoolbar.
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Notethatanyapplicationsyouwererunningatthetimeyoususpendedthevirtual machinearerunningandthecontentisthesameasitwaswhenyoususpended thevirtualmachine. Formoreinformation,seeSuspendingandResumingVirtualMachinesonpage 109. TosuspendandresumeavirtualmachinefromtheVMwareManagementInterface, seeChangingaVirtualMachinesPowerStatefromtheManagementInterfaceon page 90.
Shutting Down a Virtual Machine

Aswithphysicalcomputers,youneedtoshutdownyourguestoperatingsystem beforeyoupoweroffyourvirtualmachine.Followthestandardstepsyoualsofollow inthehostoperatingsystem. Forexample,inaWindowsguestoperatingsystem,takethesesteps. 1 2 3 SelectShutDownfromtheStartmenuoftheguestoperatingsystem(insidethe virtualmachine). SelectShutDown,thenclickOK. Aftertheguestoperatingsystemshutsdown,youcanturnoffthevirtualmachine. ClickPowerOff.
Powering Virtual Machines On and Off

YoucanconfigureavirtualmachinetopoweronautomaticallywhentheVMware Serverhoststarts.Whenthehostshutsdown,youcanspecifywhethertopoweroffthe virtualmachineorshutdowntheguestoperatingsystem. Youcanenablethesesettingsaslongasthestartupandshutdownoptionsarenot disabledfortheserver.SeeConfiguringStartupandShutdownOptionsforVirtual Machines. Tospecifytheseoptions,thevirtualmachinemustbeconfiguredtorunaseitherthe localsystemaccountorasaspecificuser.Thevirtualmachinecannotbeconfiguredto runastheuserthatpowersiton. Youcanchangethestartupandshutdownoptionswhetherthevirtualmachineis poweredonorpoweredoff.
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Setting Startup and Shutdown Options from the VMware Server Console
ToconfigureavirtualmachinesstartupandshutdownoptionsfromtheVMware ServerConsole,completethefollowingsteps. 1 2 IntheVMwareServerConsole,selectthevirtualmachine,andchooseVM> Settings.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens. ClicktheOptionstab,andclickStartup/Shutdown.
UnderStartup/ShutdownOptions,choosewhetheryouwantthisvirtualmachine topoweronautomaticallywhentheVMwareServerhoststartsup,andwhether youwanttopoweroffthevirtualmachineorshutdowntheguestoperating systemwhenthehostshutsdown. Topoweronthevirtualmachinewhenthehoststarts,selectPoweronthevirtual machineintheOnhoststartuplist. Topoweroffthevirtualmachineorshutdowntheguestwhenthehostshuts down,selecttheappropriateoptionintheOnhostshutdownlist.
ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
Youcannotconfigureavirtualmachinetostartuporshutdownautomaticallywhen thehoststartsorshutsdownuntilthehostisconfiguredaccordingly.Toconfigurethe host,seeConfiguringStartupandShutdownOptionsforVirtualMachines.You mustlogontotheVMwareManagementInterfaceasanadministratortoconfigurethe VMwareServerhost.
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Setting Startup and Shutdown Options from the Management Interface

ToconfigureavirtualmachinesstartupandshutdownoptionsfromtheVMware ManagementInterface,completethefollowingsteps. 1 OntheStatusMonitorpageoftheVMwareManagementInterface,clickthevirtual machinemenuicon( ),thenchooseConfigureOptions.TheOptionstabforthe virtualmachineappears. 2 ClickEditunderSystemStartupOptionsorSystemShutdownOptions.The Optionspageappears.
Toallowthevirtualmachinetostartupwhenthesystemstartsup,checktheStart VirtualMachinecheckbox. SpecifytheperiodoftimebeforethenextvirtualmachinestartsintheContinue StartingVirtualMachinesAfterlist.Choosethenumberofminutesorwhether VMwareServershouldnotwaitbeforestartingthenextvirtualmachine.Ifyou selectOther,apromptappears;specifyinthepromptthenumberofminutesto wait.TheSystemDefaultisspecifiedinConfiguringStartupandShutdown OptionsforVirtualMachines. TospecifythatVMwareToolsshouldstartinavirtualmachinebeforethenext virtualmachinestarts,checkthewhenVMwareToolsstartscheckbox.IfVMware Toolsdoesnotstartinthevirtualmachinebeforethespecifiedtimeelapses, VMwareServerstartsthenextvirtualmachine.
Specifywhathappenstothevirtualmachinewhenthesystemshutsdown.Inthe AtSystemShutdown,Attempttolist,selectwhetheryouwanttopoweroffthe virtualmachine,shutdowntheguestoperatingsystem,orsuspendthevirtual machine. ConfigurewhenVMwareServershouldstopthenextvirtualmachineafterthis virtualmachinestopsintheContinueStoppingOtherVirtualMachinesAfter list.Choosethenumberofminutes,ifany,thatVMwareServershouldwaitbefore stoppingthenextvirtualmachine.IfyouselectOther,apromptappears;specify
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inthepromptthenumberofminutestowait.TheSystemDefaultisspecifiedin ConfiguringStartupandShutdownOptionsforVirtualMachines. 5 6 ClickOKtosaveyoursettings. ClickCloseWindowtoreturntothevirtualmachinesOptionspage.
Controlling the Virtual Machine Display

Thereareavarietyofwaysforyoutocontrolhowyourvirtualmachinesdisplayinthe VMwareServerConsolewindow.Theyinclude:
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UsingFullScreenModeonpage 95 UsingQuickSwitchModeonpage 95 TakingAdvantageofMultipleMonitorsonpage 96 FittingtheVMwareServerConsoleWindowtotheVirtualMachineonpage 97 FittingaWindowsGuestOSDisplaytotheConsoleWindowonpage 97 SimplifyingtheScreenDisplayonpage 98
Using Full Screen Mode

Tohavethevirtualmachinesdisplayfillthescreensoyounolongerseetheborders oftheVMwareServerConsolewindowclicktheFullScreenbuttononthetoolbar. YoucanalsouseakeyboardshortcutpresstheCtrlAltEnterkeysatthesametime. ToexitfullscreenmodetoshowyourvirtualmachineinsideaVMwareServer ConsolewindowagainpresstheCtrlAltkeycombination. Youcanconfigurethevirtualmachinetoenterfullscreenmodewhenyoupoweriton. IntheVMwareServerConsole,chooseVM>Settings,thenclickOptions>Power. SelecttheEnterfullscreenmodeafterpoweringoncheckbox,andclickOK. NOTE VMwareServerdoesnotsupportrunningvirtualmachinesinfullscreen modeondualmonitorsystems.
Using Quick Switch Mode

Quickswitchmodeissimilartofullscreenmode,exceptitaddstabsatthetopofthe screenforswitchingfromoneactivevirtualmachinetoanother.Thevirtualmachines displayresizestofillthescreencompletely,exceptforthespaceoccupiedbythetabs. Toenterquickswitchmode,chooseView>QuickSwitch.
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ToviewtheVMwareServermenusandtoolbarwhileyouareusingquickswitchmode, movethemousepointertothetopofthescreen. ToresizeaWindowsguestoperatingsystemsdisplaysoitfillsasmuchofthescreen aspossibleinquickswitchmode,chooseView>FitGuestNow.TheFitGuestNow optionworksonlyifyouhavethecurrentversionofVMwareToolsinstalledinthe guestoperatingsystemandyoudisabledAutofit. NOTE WhenyouchooseFitGuestNow,VMwareServeradjuststhedisplaysettings ofyourWindowsguestoperatingsystemasneeded.Ifyousubsequentlyrun thevirtualmachineinwindowmode,youmightwanttochangethedisplay settingsbacktotheirpreviousvalues.
Togetoutofquickswitchmode,movethemousepointertothetopofthescreento activatethemenu,thenchooseView>QuickSwitch.
Taking Advantage of Multiple Monitors

Ifyourhosthasastandardmultiplemonitordisplay,youcanrunseparatesetsof virtualmachinesoneachofthemonitors.Tousetwomonitors,launchtwoinstancesof theVMwareServerConsole.Startoneormorevirtualmachinesineachconsole windowanddrageachconsolewindowtothemonitoronwhichyouwanttouseit.For thelargestpossiblescreendisplay,usequickswitchmode(View>QuickSwitch). Toswitchmouseandkeyboardinputfromthevirtualmachineonthefirstscreentothe virtualmachineonthesecondscreen,movethemousepointerfromonetotheother. YoudonotneedtotakeanyspecialstepsifVMwareToolsisrunninginbothguest operatingsystemsandifyouareusingthedefaultsettingsforgrabbinginput.Ifyou havechangedthedefaults,youmightneedtopressCtrlAlttoreleasethemouse pointerfromthefirstvirtualmachineMovethemousepointertothesecondvirtual machineandclickitsoitgrabscontrolofmouseandkeyboardinput. NOTE MultiplemonitorsupportisexperimentalinthisreleaseofVMwareServer.It doesnotworkproperlywithsomethirdpartydesktopmanagementsoftware ordisplaydrivers.
Ifyouswitchtofullscreenmode,VMwareServeralwaysusestheprimarydisplay.To usemultiplemonitors,youmustuseeitherthenormal(windowed)modeorquick switchmode.
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Fitting the VMware Server Console Window to the Virtual Machine

TheViewmenugivesyoutwowaystoadjustthesizeoftheVMwareServerConsole windowsoitexactlyfitsthevirtualmachinesdisplay. Autofitistoggledonoroffeachtimeyouclickit.WhenAutofitison,theVMware ServerConsolewindowadjustsautomaticallytofitthevirtualmachinesdisplay. Whenitisoff,youcanadjusttheVMwareServerConsolewindowtoasizeofyour choice.IfyoumaketheVMwareServerConsolewindowsmallerthanthevirtual machinesdisplay,scrollbarsappearsoyoucanmovetothepartofthevirtual machinesdisplaythatyouwanttosee. IfAutofitisoff,youcanchooseView>FitWindowNowtoadjustthewindowsoit fitsthevirtualmachinesdisplay.
Fitting a Windows Guest OS Display to the Console Window

IfyourWindowsguestoperatingsystemissettoadisplayresolutionlargerorsmaller thanthesizeofthevirtualmachinewindow,youcanmakeitfitexactlybychoosing View>FitGuestNow. WhenyouchooseFitGuestNow,VMwareServeradjuststhedisplaysettingsofyour Windowsguestoperatingsystemasneeded.Ifyousubsequentlyrunthevirtual machineinwindowmode,youmightwanttochangethedisplaysettingsbacktotheir previousvalues. NOTE WhenyouusetheFitGuestNowoptionandthewindowissmall,yourguest operatingsystemsscreenresolutionmightbesettosomethingsmallerthan VGA(640x480).Someinstallersandotherprogramsdonotrunatresolutions smallerthan640x480.Ifeitherthewidthorheightissmallerthanthe correspondingdimensionrequiredforVGA,theprogramsrefusetorun. ErrormessagescanincludesuchphrasesasVGARequiredToInstallor YoumusthaveVGAtoinstall.
Therearetwowaystoworkaroundthisproblem.
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Ifyourhostcomputersscreenresolutionishighenough,youcanenlargethe window,andchooseFitGuestNow. Ifyourhostcomputersscreenresolutiondoesnotallowyoutoenlargethe windowenough,donotuseFitGuestNow.Instead,settheguestoperating systemsscreenresolutionto640x480orlarger.
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Simplifying the Screen Display

YoucanhidemanyofthecontrolsvisibleintheVMwareServerConsolewindow. UsetheViewmenutotogglethefollowingcontrolsonoroff:
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Inventory Toolbar Statusbar Virtualmachinetabs
OnaWindowshost,youcanalsohidethemenubar.Clickthetitlebaricon,thenchoose HideControls.
ChoosingHideControlshidesthemenubar,thetoolbar,thestatusbar,andthe inventory. ForthesimplestpossibleVMwareServerConsolewindowonaWindowshost,first chooseView>Tabstoturnoffthetabs.Then,fromthetitlebariconshortcutmenu, chooseHideControls.
Running Virtual Machines from DVDs or CD-ROM Discs

YoucanstoreavirtualdiskonDVD/CDROM,andrunthevirtualmachinefromyour VMwareServerhostsDVD/CDROMdrive.Youdonothavetocopythevirtualdisk filesfromtheDVD/CDROMtotheVMwareServerhost. OnesuggesteduseforthismethodistoinstallVMwareServeronahostyouwantto useforproductdemonstrations,whichcouldbealaptop.Insteadoftakinguplimited harddiskspacewithvirtualdisks,youcanhaveanynumberofvirtualmachineswith virtualdisksburnedontoDVDorCDROMandpointeachvirtualmachines configurationfiletothevirtualdiskontheDVDorCDROM. Otherusesincludesalesorproofofconceptdemonstrationswhereyouwanttokeep virtualdiskfilesoffacustomerssystembutwanttoillustrateamultiplemachine demonstrationinthecustomersenvironment.Oryoucanhavemultiplephysical serversinadatacenterrunvirtualmachineswithoutcopyingthevirtualdiskfilestothe serversthemselves.Yetanotheruseis,ifyouneedamastervirtualmachineforsome purpose,youcancreateawriteprotectedcopyofyouroriginalvirtualmachine.
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Thevirtualdiskmustbeanindependentdiskinnonpersistentmode,sinceanychanges youmakeinthevirtualmachinecannotbewrittentotheDVDorCDROM.Theredo logforthevirtualmachinemustbeontheVMwareServerhost.Formoreinformation aboutindependentdisks,seeIndependentDisksonpage 121. NOTE Ifyoutakeasnapshotofthevirtualmachineandyouwanttosavethechanges madetothevirtualdiskafterthesnapshotwastaken,youmustcopythe virtualdisktotheVMwareServerhostsharddrive,thenupdatethesnapshot. Inaddition,ifyoucopythediskfiletoaWindowshost,youneedtomakethe diskfilewritable.
BeforeyourunavirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskstoredonDVDorCDROM,you shouldconsiderwhetheryoumayneedtomodifythevirtualmachinesBIOSatsome point.Inthiscase,thevirtualmachinesBIOS,whichisstoredinafilecallednvram, mustbelocatedontheVMwareServerhost.Or,youcanaddasettingtothevirtual machinesconfigurationfilethatallowsforthenvramfiletobeontheDVD/CDROM, whereitcannotbemodified. NOTE Theperformanceofthevirtualmachineaccessingavirtualdiskstoredona DVDorCDROMdependsonthespeedoftheDVD/CDROMdrive.Keepin mindthatavirtualmachineonaDVD/CDROMdriverunsslowerthanit wouldifitwererunningonyourhostsharddisk.
TorunavirtualmachinewithavirtualdiskstoredonDVDorCDROM,completethe followingsteps. 1 2 Createavirtualmachineandinstalltheguestoperatingsystemandany applicationsyouneedwithinit. Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Burnthevirtualdisk(.vmdk)files ontoaDVDorCDROM.PlacetheDVDorCDROMintotheVMwareServer hostsDVD/CDROMdrive. ChooseVM>Settingstoopenthevirtualmachinesettingseditorforthisvirtual machine.OntheHardwaretab,selectVirtualDiskandbrowsetothevirtualdisk fileontheDVD/CDROM. ClickAdvanced.UnderMode,checkIndependentandsetthediskmodeto Nonpersistent.ClickOKtosavethesesettings. OntheOptionstab,selectGeneral.UnderWorkingdirectory,browsetoandselect alocationfortheredologontheVMwareServerhost. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditorcloses.
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Inatexteditor,openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmx)andaddtwoof thefollowinglinestothefile: disk.locking = FALSE nvram = <path on VMware Server host>\nvram(ifyouthinkyouneedtomodify thevirtualmachinesBIOS) or nvram.mode = "nonpersistent"(ifyoudonotneedtomodifythevirtualmachines BIOS)
Saveyourchangesandclosetheconfigurationfile.
ThevirtualmachineisnowreadytoberunwiththevirtualdiskontheVMwareServer hostsDVD/CDROMdrive. NOTE Anothermethodyoucanuseistoburnallvirtualmachinefiles(the configurationfile,nvram,andvirtualdiskfiles)ontoDVDorCDROM.First makesuretheredologdirectorypointstoadriveonyourVMwareServer hostandthattheconfigurationfilehasallthedesiredsettingsbeforeyouburn thefilesontotheDVD/CDROM.
Using PXE with Virtual Machines

Youcanuseaprebootexecutionenvironment(commonlyknownasPXE)toboota virtualmachineoveranetwork.WhenyouusePXEwithavirtualmachine,youcan:
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Remotelyinstallaguestoperatingsystemoveranetworkwithoutneedingthe operatingsysteminstallationmedia. Deployanimageofavirtualdisktothevirtualmachine. BootaLinuxvirtualmachineoverthenetworkandrunitdiskless.
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YouusePXEwithyourvirtualmachineinconjunctionwithremoteinstallationtools suchasWindows2000RemoteInstallationServicesortheRedHatLinux9.0installers PXEpackage.YoucanuseGhostorAltiristostreamanimageofanalreadyconfigured virtualdisktoanewvirtualmachine. Makesurethevirtualmachinehasavirtualnetworkadapter;oneisinstalledby default.VMwaresupportsPXEwhenthevirtualmachineisconfiguredtouseeitherthe vmxnetorvlancevirtualnetworkadapter. Thevirtualmachinemusthaveavirtualdiskwithoutaguestoperatingsystem installed.
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Whenavirtualmachinebootsandthereisnoguestoperatingsysteminstalled,it proceedstobootfromdevices(harddisk,CDROMdrive,floppydrive,andnetwork adapter)intheorderinwhichtheyoccurinthebootsequencespecifiedinthevirtual machinesBIOS.IfyouplantousePXEwithavirtualmachine,itisagoodideatoput thenetworkadapteratthetopofthebootorder.Whenthevirtualmachinefirstboots, pressF2toenterthevirtualmachinesBIOSandchangethebootorderthere. Asthevirtualmachinebootsfromthenetworkadapter,ittriestoconnecttoaDHCP server.TheDHCPserverprovidesthevirtualmachinewithanIPaddressandalistof anyPXEserversavailableonthenetwork.AfterthevirtualmachineconnectstoaPXE server,itcanconnecttoabootablediskimage(suchasanoperatingsystemimageora GhostorAltirisdiskimage)andstartinstallingaguestoperatingsystem. VMwarehastestedandsupportsthefollowingPXEconfigurationswithVMware Server:
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RemoteinstallationofaWindowsServer2003guestoperatingsystemfroma serverrunningWindowsServer2003AutomatedDeploymentServices RemoteinstallationofaWindows2000guestoperatingsystemfromaserver runningWindows2000Server/AdvancedServerRemoteInstallationServices RemoteinstallationofaLinuxguestoperatingsystemfromaRedHatEnterprise Linux3.0ASPXEbootserver RemoteinstallationofasupportedguestoperatingsystemfromaGhostimage usingWindows2000andGhostRISBootpackage RemoteinstallationofasupportedguestoperatingsystemfromanAltirisimage usingaWindows2000Altirisserver NetworkbootingaLinuxvirtualmachinebyconnectingwiththeLinuxDiskless optiontoaRedHatEnterpriseLinux3.0ASserver
Installing Software in a Virtual Machine

Installingsoftwareinavirtualmachineisjustlikeinstallingitonaphysicalcomputer. Forexample,toinstallsoftwareinaWindowsvirtualmachine,completethefollowing steps: 1 Besureyouhavestartedthevirtualmachineand,ifnecessary,loggedon.Inthe VMwareServerConsolewindow,checkVM>RemovableDevicestobesurethe virtualmachinehasaccesstotheCDROMdriveand,ifneeded,thefloppydrive. InserttheinstallationCDROMorfloppydiskintotheproperdriveonthe VMwareServerhost.IfyouareinstallingfromaCDROM,theinstallation programmightstartautomatically.
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Iftheinstallationprogramdoesnotstartautomatically,clicktheWindowsStart button,gotoSettings>ControlPanel,thendoubleclickAdd/RemovePrograms andclicktheInstallbutton.Followtheinstructionsonscreenandintheuser manualforyournewsoftware. Someapplicationsuseaproductactivationfeaturethatcreatesakey,basedon thevirtualhardwareinthevirtualmachinewhereitisinstalled.Changesin theconfigurationofthevirtualmachinemightrequireyoutoreactivatethe software.Tominimizethenumberofsignificantchanges,setthefinal memorysizeforyourvirtualmachineandinstallVMwareToolsbeforeyou activatethesoftware.
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Whenyoutrytorunafewprograms,includingtheinstallerfortheJapaneselanguage versionofTrendMicroVirusBuster,theVMwareServermightappeartohang.To workaroundthisproblem,trydisablingaccelerationintheguest.Formore information,seeIssuesInstallingorRunningApplicationsinaGuestOperating System.
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Text

WhenVMwareToolsisrunning,youcancut(orcopy)andpastetextbetween applicationsinthevirtualmachineandthehostcomputerorbetweentwovirtual machines.Usethenormalhotkeysormenuchoicestocut,copy,andpaste. NOTE IfyouarecopyingtextfromaWindowshostintoaLinuxguestoperating system,youcanpasteonlybyusingthemiddlemousebutton.Ifyouareusing atwobuttonmouse,clickbothmousebuttonsatthesametimetopaste.
Toturnoffthisfeaturetopreventaccidentalcopyingandpastingfromone environmenttoanotherchangeyourpreferences. ChooseEdit>Preferences.OntheInputtab,cleartheEnablecopyandpastetoand fromvirtualmachinecheckbox.
Using Devices in a Virtual Machine

Thefollowingsectionsprovideanoverviewonthedevicesinyourvirtualmachine.
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Adding,Configuring,andRemovingDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 103 ConnectingandDisconnectingRemovableDevicesonpage 104
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Adding, Configuring, and Removing Devices in a Virtual Machine

Thevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)isthecontrolcenterwhereyoucan adddevicestoavirtualmachine,changethesettingsforthosedevices,andremove them.Inaddition,youcanadd,change,andremovedevicesintheVMware ManagementInterface. FormoreinformationaboutVirtualSMPandhowtoconfigureavirtualmachinetouse twovirtualprocessorsonahostmachinethathasatleasttwologicalprocessors,see UsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing(Experimental)onpage 244. Formoreinformationaboutaddingandconfiguringdevicessuchasparallelports, serialports,USBcontrollers,andgenericSCSIdevices,seeConfiguringDeviceson page 211. Forinformationonaddingandconfiguringvirtualdisks,physicaldisks, DVD/CDROMdrivesandfloppydrives,seeUsingDisksinaVirtualMachineon page 119. NOTE Youcanconfigureparallelports,serialports,DVD/CDROMdrives,floppy drives,andsounddrivers(Linuxonly)asautodetectdevices.Thebenefitof autodetectdevicesisthattheycanbemovedbetweenvirtualmachines runningdifferentoperatingsystems,suchasLinuxandWindows,without havingtobereconfigured.
Forinformationonaddingandconfiguringvirtualnetworkadapters,seeAddingand ModifyingVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 162. Forinformationonconfiguringvirtualmachinememory,seeAllocatingMemorytoa VirtualMachineonpage 251. Toremoveadeviceorotherhardwarefromavirtualmachine,makesureitispowered off.YoucanremovehardwareusingtheVMwareServerConsoleortheVMware ManagementInterface. NOTE Youcannotaddorremovesomeitemsfromavirtualmachine,suchasthe processor,SCSIcontrollers,orthevirtualdisplayadapter.VMwareServer createsSCSIcontrollersasneededwhenyouaddSCSIdevices.However,the numberofvirtualSCSIcontrollersisincludedinthesixvirtualPCIslotlimit foravirtualmachine.ForinformationonwhichdevicesusePCIslots,see VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 12.
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Removing Hardware Using the VMware Server Console

Toremovehardwarefromavirtualmachine,makesurethevirtualmachineispowered off,thencompletethefollowingsteps. 1 IntheVMwareServerConsole,selectthevirtualmachine,thenclickEditvirtual machinesettings.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditorappears.
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Selecttheitemyouwanttoremove,thenclickRemove. ClickOKtosavethechangeandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
Connecting and Disconnecting Removable Devices

ChooseVM>RemovableDevicestoconnectanddisconnectremovabledevicesthat youhaveconfiguredforavirtualmachineincludingfloppydrives,DVD/CDROM drives,USBdevicesandEthernetadapterswhilethevirtualmachineisrunning. WhenyouchooseVM>RemovableDevices,asubmenuappears.Chooseadevice fromthatmenutoconnectordisconnectit,andtoeditdevicesettings.Ifyouchoose Edit,adialogboxappears.Makeallthechangesyouwanttomake,thenclickOK.
Command Reference
Thefollowingsectionsdescribecommandlineoptionsthatareavailablewhenyou launchtheVMwareServerConsoleandkeyboardshortcutsthatyoucanusewhilea virtualmachineisrunning.
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StartupOptionsonaLinuxHostonpage 105 StartupOptionsonaWindowsHostonpage 106 UsingKeyboardShortcutsonpage 106
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Startup Options on a Linux Host

ThefollowinglistdescribesvariousoptionsavailablewhenyourunVMwareServer fromthecommandlineonaLinuxhostoperatingsystem.Youcanalsosetthepower optionswhenyouchangeavirtualmachinespoweroptions.SeeUsingPower OptionsforVirtualMachinesonpage 88. vmware [-x] [-X] [-q] [-v] [-s] [-l] [/<path_to_config>/<config>.vmx] [X toolkit options] -xautomaticallypowersonthevirtualmachinewhentheVMwareServerConsoleis launched.ThisisequivalenttoclickingthePowerOnbuttoninthetoolbar. -Xautomaticallypowersonthevirtualmachine,thenswitchestheVMwareServer Consolewindowtofullscreenmode. NOTE ThisoptiondoesnotworkwhenyouconnectwiththeVMwareServer ConsolefromaremoteclienttotheVMwareServerhost.
-qclosesthevirtualmachinestabwhenthevirtualmachinepowersoff.Ifnoother virtualmachineisopen,italsoclosestheVMwareServerConsole.Thisisparticularly usefulwhentheguestoperatingsystemiscapableofpoweringoffthevirtualmachine. -l launchestheVMwareServerConsole,connectingitdirectlytothelocalhost. -vdisplaystheproductname,versionandbuildnumber. -s NAME=VALUEsetsaconfigurationvariablecallednametovalue.Thisconfiguration settingappliesuntilthevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Thesesettingsarefoundinthe virtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Youshouldusethisoptiononlyifyouknow theexactvariableandvaluetouse;typicallyyouusethiswhenyouaretroubleshooting issues,andVMwaresupportsuggestsyouuseaparticularconfigurationsetting. -mautomaticallystartsthevirtualmachineinquickswitchmode.Thisoptionworksfor virtualmachinesrunningonLinuxhostsonly.Forinformationonquickswitchmode, seeUsingQuickSwitchModeonpage 95. /<path_to_config>/<config>.vmx(or.cfg)launchesavirtualmachineusingthe specifiedconfigurationfile. Xtoolkitoptionscanbepassedasarguments,althoughsomeofthem(mostnotablythe sizeandtitleoftheVMwareServerConsolewindow)cannotbeoverridden.
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Options to Use when Connecting Remotely

Ifyouareconnectingtoavirtualmachinefromaremoteclient,youcanusethe followingoptions: -h <host>toconnecttoaspecifichost. -P <portNumber>toconnecttothehostoverthespecifiedport.Port902isthedefault porttheVMwareServerConsoleuseswithremoteconnections.Forinformationabout theportnumber,seeChangingthePortNumberforVMwareServerConsole Connections. -u <username>specifiestheusernametousewhenyoulogontoaremotehost. -w <password>specifiesthepasswordtousewhenyoulogontoaremotehost.
Startup Options on a Windows Host

YoucanalsousetheLinuxswitchesdescribedonaWindowshost.Themost convenientwaytousetheswitchesistoincorporatethemintothecommandgenerated byaWindowsshortcut. Createtheshortcut,rightclicktheshortcut,thenclickProperties.IntheTargetfield, addanyswitchesyouwanttouseafterthevmware.exefilename.Forexample, "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server\vmware.exe" -X "C:\Virtual Machines\Windows Server 2003\Windows Server 2003.vmx" launchesthespecifiedWindowsServer2003virtualmachine,powersiton automaticallyandswitchestofullscreenmode. Besuretoenclosepathsinquotationmarksiftheycontainspaces. NOTE Theconfigurationfilehasa.vmxextensionbydefault.Pathnameson Windowsusethebackslashcharacter(\).Xtoolkitoptionsarenotrelevanton aWindowshost.
Using Keyboard Shortcuts

Toworkfromthekeyboard,usethekeyboardshortcutsprovidedinthissection.Ifyou havechangedthePreferencessettingforthehotkeycombination,substituteyournew settingforCtrlAltasneededintheshortcutslistedinTable43.
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Table 4-3. Shortcut

CtrlB CtrlE CtrlR CtrlZ CtrlN CtrlO CtrlF4 CtrlD CtrlG CtrlP CtrlAltEnter CtrlAlt CtrlAltTab CtrlTab CtrlShiftTab CtrlAltFx
Action
Poweron. Poweroff. Resetthepower. Suspend. Createanewvirtualmachine. Openavirtualmachine. Closethecurrentvirtualmachine. Editthevirtualmachinesconfiguration. Grabinputfromthekeyboardandmouse. Editpreferences.SeeSettingUserPreferencesfortheVMware ServerHost. Gotofullscreenmode. Returntonormal(windowed)mode. Switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilethemouseandkeyboard inputaregrabbed. Switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilethemouseandkeyboard inputarenotgrabbed.VMwareServermustbetheactiveapplication. Switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhilethemouseandkeyboard inputarenotgrabbed.VMwareServermustbetheactiveapplication. Switchamongopenvirtualmachineswhileusingfullscreenmode.Fx isafunctionkeycorrespondingtothevirtualmachineyouwantto use.Thekeycombinationtouseforavirtualmachineisshowninthe VMwareServertitlebarwhenthatvirtualmachineisactiveandin normal(windowed)mode.
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C HAPTER 5
Preserving the State of a Virtual
Machine
VMwareServerprovidestwowaystopreservethestateofavirtualmachine.Youcan eithersuspendandresumevirtualmachinesortakesnapshotsofvirtualmachines.This chapterdescribesthesefeaturesandcoversthefollowingtopics:

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SuspendingandResumingVirtualMachinesonpage 109 TakingSnapshotsonpage 112
Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines

Thesuspendandresumefeatureismostusefulwhenyouwanttosavethecurrentstate ofyourvirtualmachineandpickupworklaterwiththevirtualmachineinthesame stateaswhenyoustopped. Afteryouresumethevirtualmachineanddoadditionalwork,youcanreturntothe statethevirtualmachinewasinatthetimeyoususpendedonlyifyoutookasnapshot atthetime. NOTE Topreservethestateofthevirtualmachinesoyoucanreturntothesamestate repeatedly,takeasnapshot.Fordetails,seeTakingSnapshotsonpage 112.
Thespeedofthesuspendandresumeoperationsdependsonhowmuchdatahas changedwhilethevirtualmachinehasbeenrunning.Ingeneral,thefirstsuspend operationtakeslongerthansubsequentsuspendoperationsdo. Whenyoususpendavirtualmachine,afilewitha.vmssextensioniscreated.Thisfile containstheentirestateofthevirtualmachine.Whenyouresumethevirtualmachine, itsstateisrestoredfromthe.vmssfile.The.vmssfilecannotbeusedtoresumeavirtual machineagainfromtheoriginalsuspendedstate.
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Youshouldnotchangeaconfigurationfileafteryoususpendavirtual machineThevirtualmachinedoesnotresumeproperlyiftheconfiguration fileisinconsistentwiththesuspendedvirtualmachine.Also,youshouldnot moveanyphysical(raw)disksthatthevirtualmachineuses.Ifyoudo,the virtualmachinecannotaccessitsvirtualdiskswhenitresumes.
To suspend a virtual machine 1 2 3 Ifyourvirtualmachineisrunninginfullscreenmode,returntowindowmodeby pressingtheCtrlAltkeycombination. ClickSuspendontheVMwareServerConsoletoolbar. WhenVMwareServerhascompletedsuspendingthevirtualmachine,choose File>Exit
To resume a virtual machine that you have suspended 1 2 LaunchtheVMwareServerConsoleandchooseasuspendedvirtualmachine. ClickResumeontheconsoletoolbar. Anyapplicationsyouwererunningatthetimeyoususpendedthevirtualmachine arerunning,andthecontentisthesameaswhenyoususpendedthevirtual machine. YouusealsousetheVMwareManagementInterfacetosuspendandresumeavirtual machine.SeeChangingaVirtualMachinesPowerStatefromtheManagement Interfaceonpage 90. Youcanalsosettheconfigurationofeachvirtualmachinesothefilethatstores informationonthesuspendedstateissavedinalocationofyourchoice.
Setting the Suspended State File Directory

Whenavirtualmachineissuspended,itsstateiswrittentoafilewitha.vmssextension. Bydefault,the.vmssfileisstoredinthedirectoryinwhichthevirtualmachines configurationfile(.vmx)resides.Similarly,whenavirtualmachineisbeingresumed, VMwareServerlooksforthe.vmssfileinthesamedirectory. Tochangethedirectorywherethesuspendedstatefileforavirtualmachineisstored, youmustpoweroffthevirtualmachine.Youcanspecifythisdirectoryfromthe consolesvirtualmachinesettingseditorortheVMwareManagementInterface. NOTE Changingtheworkingdirectoryalsochangeswhereyoustorethevirtual machinessnapshotandredologfiles.
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Chapter 5 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine
Setting the Suspended State File Directory from the Console

1 2 3 4 5 Connecttothevirtualmachinewithaconsole.Makesurethevirtualmachineis poweredoff. ChooseEditvirtualmachinesettings. OntheOptionstab,clickGeneral. UnderWorkingDirectory,enterthenameofadirectorytouse,orclickBrowseto selectadirectory. ClickOK.
Setting the Suspended State File Directory from the VMware Management Interface
1 LogontotheVMwareManagementInterface.Clickthevirtualmachinemenuicon ( )forthevirtualmachineyouwanttochangeandchooseConfigureOptions.
TheOptionspageforthisvirtualmachineappearsinanewbrowserwindow.
ClickEdit.TheOptionspageappears.
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Forfastestsuspendandrestoreoperations,typethepathtotheappropriate directoryintheSuspendFileLocationfield.VMwareServeraddsasuffixtothe nameofthesuspendedstatefiletoensurethatonevirtualmachinedoesnot overwritethesuspendedstatefileofanother. 3 ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Taking Snapshots
Thesnapshotfeatureismostusefulwhenyouwanttopreservethestateofthevirtual machinesoyoucanreturntothesamestaterepeatedly. Tosavethecurrentstateofyourvirtualmachineandpickupworklaterwiththevirtual machineinthesamestate,suspendthevirtualmachine.Fordetails,seeSuspending andResumingVirtualMachinesonpage 109. Youcantakeasnapshotofavirtualmachineatanytimeandreverttothatsnapshotat anytime.IfthevirtualmachineislocatedonaLinuxhost,youshouldnottakea snapshotwhileyouaresuspendingthevirtualmachine.Waituntilthesnapshotis completelysavedbeforetakingthesnapshot. Youcantakeasnapshotwhileavirtualmachineispoweredon,poweredoff,or suspended.Asnapshotpreservesthevirtualmachinejustasitwaswhenyoutookthe snapshotthestateofthedataonallthevirtualmachinesdisksandwhetherthe virtualmachinewaspoweredon,poweredoff,orsuspended. Whenyoureverttoasnapshot,youdiscardallchangesmadetothevirtualmachine sinceyoutookthesnapshot.Thisincludesanydatawrittentothevirtualdiskandany changestothevirtualmachinesconfiguration. Similarly,ifyoutakeasnapshotofavirtualmachineandlatermodifythevirtual machinesconfiguration,anychangesyoumaketotheconfigurationarenotreflected inthesnapshot.Youneedtotakeanewsnapshot. UsetheSnapshotandRevertbuttonsontheconsoletoolbartotakeasnapshotand reverttoitlater. Youcantakeanewsnapshotatanytime.Whenyoudoso,youreplacetheprevious snapshot.Youcanhaveonlyoneactivesnapshotatatime.
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Takinganewsnapshotwhenasnapshotalreadyexistscantakealongtime, astheoriginalsnapshotneedstoberemoved.Whileyouaretakinganew snapshot,otherconsolesmightnotbeabletoconnecttotheserverhostand theuserstryingtoconnectmightseeanerrorthattheVMwareRegistration Service(vmware-serverd)isnotrunning.Youcannottakesnapshotsifusing anIndependentdiskwhilethevirtualmachineispoweredonorsuspended.
Thefollowingsectionsdescribesnapshotsingreaterdetail.
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WhatIsCapturedbyaSnapshot?onpage 113 WaysofUsingSnapshotsonpage 114 SnapshotsandaVirtualMachinesHardDisksonpage 114 SnapshotsandOtherActivityintheVirtualMachineonpage 115 SettingsforSnapshotsonpage 115 SnapshotActionsasBackgroundActivityonpage 116 SnapshotsandLegacyDiskModesonpage 117 SnapshotsandLegacyVirtualMachinesonpage 117 SnapshotsandLegacyVirtualMachinesonpage 117
What Is Captured by a Snapshot?

Asnapshotcapturestheentirestateofthevirtualmachineatthetimeyoutakethe snapshot.Thisincludes:
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Thestateofallthevirtualmachinesdisks. Thecontentsofthevirtualmachinesmemory. Thevirtualmachinesettings.
Whenyoureverttothesnapshot,youreturnalltheseitemstothestateatthetimeyou tookthesnapshot. NOTE Incertainspecialpurposeconfigurations,youmightwanttoexcludeoneor moreofthevirtualmachinesdisksfromthesnapshot.Toexcludeadiskfrom thesnapshot,chooseVM>Settings,selectthedriveyouwanttoexclude,and clickAdvanced.Ontheadvancedsettingsscreen,selectIndependent.You havethefollowingoptionsforanindependentdisk:
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Persistentchangesareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentothedisk.All changestoanindependentdiskinpersistentmoderemain,evenwhenyourevert tothesnapshot. Nonpersistentchangestothediskarediscardedwhenyoupowerofforrevert tothesnapshot.
Ways of Using Snapshots

Thefollowingexamplesillustratethemostcommonwaystouseasnapshot.
Always Saving Changes (No Snapshot)

Ifyoudonottakeasnapshot,yourvirtualmachinerunsthesamewayaphysical computerdoes.Allchangesyoumakewhileyouareworkingwithavirtualmachine aresavedandyoucannotreturntoanearlierstate. Runningyourvirtualmachinewithoutasnapshotprovidesthebestperformance.To ensureavirtualmachinedoesnothaveasnapshot,chooseSnapshot>Remove Snapshot. Toconfigurethevirtualmachinenottousesnapshots,chooseVM>Settings>Options >Snapshots,andcheckDisablesnapshots. Youcanalsoconfigurethevirtualdiskinindependentmodetomakesurethevirtual machinedoesntusesnapshots.Formoreinformation,seeIndependentDiskson page 121.
Making Risky Changes

Ifyouplantomakeriskychangesinavirtualmachine(forexample,testingnew softwareorexaminingavirus),takeasnapshotbeforeyoubegintomakethose changes.Ifyouencounteraproblem,clickRevertontheconsoletoolbartoreturnthe virtualmachinetoitsstateatthetimeyoutookthesnapshot. Ifthefirstactionyoutakecausesnoproblemsandyouwanttoprotectthevirtual machineinitsnewstate,youcantakeanewsnapshot.Youcanhaveonlyonesnapshot atagiventime.Whenyoutakethenewsnapshot,youreplaceyourprevioussnapshot, andthecontentsoftheprevioussnapshotarewrittentothevirtualdisk.Youdonot loseanydata.
Snapshots and a Virtual Machines Hard Disks

Whenasnapshotiscreatedandthevirtualmachinewritesdatatodisk,thatdatais writtentoanewvirtualdiskfile.Virtualdiskfileshavea.vmdkextensionandare storedinthevirtualmachinesworkingdirectory.Thesefilescangrowquitelargeas
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newlysaveddatacontinuestoaccumulateinthemuntilyoutakeanactionthataffects thesnapshot.Beawareofhowmuchdiskspacethesefilesconsume.
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RemovethesnapshotWhenyouremovethesnapshot,thechangesaccumulated inthenewvirtualdiskfileiswrittenpermanentlytothebasedisks(eitherthe virtualdiskfilesorthephysicaldisks,dependingonyourvirtualmachineshard diskconfiguration). ReverttothesnapshotWhenyoureverttothesnapshot,thecontentsofthe newlycreatedvirtualdiskfileisdiscarded.Anyadditionalchangesare,once again,accumulatedinanewvirtualdiskfile. TakeasnapshotIfyoutakeasnapshotwhenthevirtualmachinealreadyhasa snapshot,changesstoredinthenewvirtualdiskfilearewrittenpermanentlytothe basedisk.Anysubsequentchangesagainaccumulateinanewvirtualdiskfile. Dependingonhowlargethevirtualdiskfileis,takinganewsnapshotcantake sometime
Snapshots and Other Activity in the Virtual Machine

Whenyoutakeasnapshot,beawareofotheractivityoccurringinthevirtualmachine andthelikelyimpactofrevertingtothesnapshot.Ingeneral,itisbesttotakethe snapshotwhennoapplicationsinthevirtualmachinearecommunicatingwithother computers.Thepotentialforproblemsisgreatestifthevirtualmachineis communicatingwithanothercomputer,especiallyinaproductionenvironment. Consideracaseinwhichyoutakeasnapshotwhilethevirtualmachineisdownloading afilefromaserveronthenetwork.Afteryoutakethesnapshot,thevirtualmachine continuesdownloadingthefile,communicatingitsprogresstotheserver.Ifyourevert tothesnapshot,communicationsbetweenthevirtualmachineandtheserverare confusedandthefiletransferfails. Orconsideracaseinwhichyoutakeasnapshotwhileanapplicationinthevirtual machineissendingatransactiontoadatabaseonaseparatemachine.Ifyourevertto thesnapshotespeciallyifyourevertafterthetransactionstartsbutbeforeithasbeen committedthedatabaseislikelytobeconfused.
Settings for Snapshots

YoucanspecifywhatVMwareServerdoeswiththesnapshotwhetherthemachineis poweredonorpoweredoff.
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GotoVM>Settings>Options>Snapshots.
Ifthevirtualmachinehasnosnapshot,youcandisablethesnapshotfeatureby selectingDisablesnapshots.Ifyouhaveasnapshotandwanttodisablethesnapshot feature,firstgototheconsolewindowandchooseSnapshot>RemoveSnapshot. ReturntothevirtualmachinesettingseditorandselectDisablesnapshots. Tolockthesnapshotsononewsnapshotcanbetaken,selectLockthissnapshot.
Snapshot Actions as Background Activity

Takingasnapshotisnotinstantaneous.Whenyoutakeasnapshot,youcancontinue workingwhileVMwareServerpreservesthesnapshotinthebackground.Youcan enablebackgroundsnapshotsinthePrioritytaboftheSettingswindowonboth WindowsandLinuxhosts. ChooseHost>Settings>Priority. ChecktheTakeandRestoreSnapshotsintheBackgroundbox.Youmustrebootyour virtualmachineforthisoptiontotakeeffect. Enablingbackgroundsnapshotsforahostwithslowharddisksmightaffect performance.Ifyouexperiencesignificantperformanceproblemswhentakingor restoringsnapshots,disablethisoption.
Removing the Snapshot

Youcanremovethesnapshotanytimethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Removing thesnapshotwritesthecontentsofthesnapshottothevirtualdisk.Thisactiondoesnot destroyanydatainthevirtualmachine.Movingforward,anychangesyoumakeas yourunthevirtualmachinearewrittentothevirtualdisk.Youcannotreverttoa previousstatebecausethesnapshotnolongerexists.
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Toremovethesnapshot,shutdownandpoweroffthevirtualmachine.Choose Snapshot>RemoveSnapshot. NOTE Removingasnapshotwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredoffcantakealong time,dependingonthesizeofthesnapshotfile.Whileyouareremovingthe snapshot,otherconsolesmightnotbeabletoconnecttotheserverhost,and theuserstryingtoconnectmightseeanerrorthattheVMwareRegistration Service(vmware-serverd)isnotrunning.
Snapshots and Legacy Disk Modes

IfyouarefamiliarwiththediskmodesusedinVMwareGSXServer2andearlier,you canusethesnapshottoachieveequivalentresults.Ifyouwanttheequivalentof:
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PersistentmodeDonottakeasnapshot. NonpersistentmodeBesurethevirtualmachineisinthestateyouwantit. Poweroffthevirtualmachine.Takeasnapshot.Ontheconsoletoolbar,goto SnapshotandchooseReverttosnapshot. VMwareServerdoesnotsupportundoabledisks.
NOTE
Snapshots and Legacy Virtual Machines

VMwareServerdoesnotsupportsnapshotswithlegacyvirtualmachines.
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C HAPTER 6
Using Disks in a Virtual
Machine
Thischapterdescribeshowtoconfigureyourvirtualmachinesharddiskstorageand coversthefollowingtopics:
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ConfiguringHardDiskStorageinaVirtualMachineonpage 119 ConfiguringOpticalandFloppyDrivesonpage 128 AddingDrivestoaVirtualMachineonpage 131 UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManageronpage 139 InstallinganOperatingSystemontoaPhysicalPartitiononpage 146 DiskPerformanceinWindowsNTGuestsonMultiprocessorHostsonpage 150
Configuring Hard Disk Storage in a Virtual Machine

Likeaphysicalcomputer,aVMwareServervirtualmachinestoresitsoperating system,programs,anddatafilesononeormoreharddisks.Unlikeaphysical computer,VMwareServergivesyouoptionsforundoingchangestothevirtual machinesharddisk. TheNewVirtualMachineWizardcreatesavirtualmachinewithonediskdrive.Use thevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)toaddmorediskdrivestoyour virtualmachine,toremovediskdrivesfromyourvirtualmachine,ortochangecertain settingsfortheexistingdiskdrives. Thefollowingsectionsdescribethechoicesyoucanmakeinsettingupharddisk storageforyourvirtualmachine.
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DiskTypes:VirtualandPhysicalonpage 120 AdditionalInformationaboutDisk,RedoLog,Snapshot,andLockFileson page 122 DefragmentingandShrinkingVirtualDisksonpage 125
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Disk Types: Virtual and Physical

Inthemostcommonconfigurations,VMwareServercreatesvirtualharddisks,which aremadeupoffilesthataretypicallystoredonyourhostcomputersharddisk.Insome circumstances,youmightneedtogiveyourvirtualmachinedirectaccesstoaphysical harddriveonyourhostcomputerusingthedisktypereferredtoasaphysicaldisk.
Virtual Disk
Avirtualdiskisafileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysicaldiskdrivetoaguest operatingsystem.Thefilescanbeonthehostmachineoronaremotecomputer.When youconfigureavirtualmachinewithavirtualdisk,youcaninstallanewoperating systemontothevirtualdiskwithoutrepartitioningaphysicaldiskorrebootingthe host. IDEvirtualdiskscanbeaslargeas950GB.SCSIvirtualdiskscanbeaslargeas950GB. Dependingonthesizeofthevirtualdiskandthehostoperatingsystem,VMware Servercreatesoneormorefilestoholdeachvirtualdisk. Bydefault,thevirtualdiskisconfiguredsoallthediskspaceisallocatedatthetimethe virtualdiskiscreated.Thistypeofvirtualdiskisknownasapreallocateddisk.A preallocateddiskprovidesenhancedperformanceandisusefulifyouarerunning performancesensitiveapplicationsinthevirtualmachine.Avirtualdiskthatisnot preallocatedisknownasagrowabledisk.Agrowablevirtualdisksfilesstartoutsmall andgrowtotheirmaximumsizeasneeded.Themainadvantageofthisapproachisthe smallerfilesize.Smallerfilesrequirelessstoragespaceandareeasiertomoveifyou wanttomovethevirtualmachinetoanewlocation.Youcanshrinkthistypeofvirtual disk.However,ittakeslongertowritedatatoadiskconfiguredinthisway. VirtualdiskscanbesetupasIDEdisksforanyguestoperatingsystem.Theycanbeset upasSCSIdisksforanyguestoperatingsystemthathasadriverfortheBusLogicSCSI adapterusedinaVMwareServervirtualmachine. NOTE TouseSCSIdisksinaWindowsXPorWindowsServer2003virtualmachine, youneedaspecialSCSIdriveravailablefromthedownloadsectionofthe VMwareWebsiteatwww.vmware.com/download.Followtheinstructions ontheWebsitetousethedriverwithafreshinstallationofWindowsXPor WindowsServer2003.
Avirtualdiskofeithertypecanbestoredoneithertypeofphysicalharddisk.Thatis, thefilesthatmakeupanIDEvirtualdiskcanbestoredoneitheranIDEharddiskora SCSIharddisk.SocanthefilesthatmakeupaSCSIvirtualdisk.Theycanalsobestored onothertypesoffastaccessstoragemedia,suchasDVDsorCDROMdiscs.For
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Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine
informationaboutrunningvirtualmachinesfromDVDROMorCDROM,see RunningVirtualMachinesfromDVDsorCDROMDiscsonpage 98. Akeyadvantageofvirtualdisksistheirportability.Becausethevirtualdisksarestored asfilesonthehostmachineoraremotecomputer,youcanmovethemeasilytoanew locationonthesamecomputerortoadifferentcomputer.YoucanalsouseVMware ServeronaWindowshosttocreatevirtualdisksandmovethemtoaLinuxcomputer andusethemunderVMwareServerforLinuxorviceversa.Forinformationabout movingvirtualdisks,seeMovingandSharingVirtualMachinesinVMwareServer AdministrationGuide.
Physical (Raw) Disk

AphysicaldiskdirectlyaccessesanexistinglocaldiskorpartitionUsephysicaldisks forVMwareServertorunoneormoreguestoperatingsystemsfromexistingdisk partitions.YoucansetupphysicaldisksonbothIDEandSCSIdevices.However, bootingfromanoperatingsystemalreadysetuponanexistingSCSIdiskorpartition isnotsupported. Themostcommonuseofaphysicaldiskistoconvertadualbootormultipleboot machinesooneormoreoftheexistingoperatingsystemscanberuninsideavirtual machine. CAUTION YoucansetupphysicaldisksonbothIDEandSCSIdevices.Youcannot useaphysicaldiskthatisstoredonaSAN.Youmustuseadiskora partitionontheVMwareServerhost.
Ifyourunanoperatingsystemnativelyonthehostcomputer,andswitchtorunningit insideavirtualmachine,thechangeislikepullingtheharddriveoutofonecomputer andinstallingitinasecondcomputerwithadifferentmotherboardandother hardware.Youneedtopreparecarefullyforsuchaswitch.Thespecificstepsyouneed totakedependontheoperatingsystemyouwanttouseinsidethevirtualmachine. Youcancreateanewvirtualmachinethatusesaphysicaldiskinsteadofavirtualdisk. Fordetails,seeInstallinganOperatingSystemontoaPhysicalPartitiononpage 146. Inmostcases,however,itisbettertouseavirtualdisk. Onlyadvancedusersshouldattemptphysicaldiskconfigurations.
Independent Disks
Independentdisksaddalayerofcontrolandcomplexitytoyourvirtualdisks.You configurevirtualdisksinindependentmodeforcertainspecialpurposeconfigurations.
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Forexample,youmightwanttorunavirtualmachinethatusesavirtualdiskstoredon DVDorCDROM.Formoreinformation,seeRunningVirtualMachinesfromDVDs orCDROMDiscsonpage 98. Or,youmightwanttoexcludeoneormorevirtualdisksfromavirtualmachines snapshot.Formoreinformationaboutsnapshots,seeTakingSnapshotsonpage 112. Toconfigureadiskasanindependentdisk,chooseVM>Settings,selectthevirtual disk,andclickAdvanced.Ontheadvancedsettingsscreen,selectIndependent,then themodeforthedisk.Youhavethefollowingoptionsforanindependentdisk:
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Persistentchangesareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentothedisk.All changestoanindependentdiskinpersistentmoderemain,evenwhenyourevert tothesnapshot. Nonpersistentchangestothediskarediscardedwhenyoupowerofforrevert tothesnapshot.Choosethisoptiontorunavirtualmachinewherethevirtualdisk isstoredonaDVDorCDROM,ortoloseanychangesmadetothevirtualdisk sincethesnapshotwastakenwhenyoureverttothesnapshot.
Additional Information about Disk, Redo-Log, Snapshot, and Lock Files

Thissectionprovidesinformationaboutvirtualmachinefiles.
Disk Files
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)letsyouchoosethediskfilesfora virtualmachine. ChooseafileotherthantheonecreatedbytheNewVirtualMachineWizardifyouare usingavirtualdiskthatyoucreatedinadifferentlocationorifyouaremovingthe createddiskfilestoanewlocation. Thediskfilesforavirtualdiskstoretheinformationthatyouwritetoavirtual machinesharddisktheoperatingsystem,theprogramfiles,andthedatafiles.The virtualdiskfileshavea.vmdkextension. Avirtualdiskismadeupofoneormore.vmdkfiles. OnMicrosoftWindowshosts,eachvirtualdiskiscontainedinonefilebydefault.You canoptionallyconfigurethevirtualdisktouseasetoffileslimitedto2GBperfile.Use thisoptionifyouplantomovethevirtualdisktoafilesystemthatdoesnotsupport fileslargerthan2GB. Youmustsetthisoptionatthetimeyoucreatethevirtualdisk.
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Ifyouaresettingupanewvirtualmachine,followthecustompathintheNewVirtual MachineWizard.Inthescreenthatletsyouspecifythevirtualdiskscapacity,select Splitdiskinto2GBfiles. Ifyouareaddingavirtualdisktoanexistingvirtualmachine,followthestepsinthe AddHardwareWizard.Inthescreenthatletsyouspecifythevirtualdiskscapacity, selectSplitdiskinto2GBfiles. Whenadiskissplitintomultiplefiles,largervirtualdiskshavemore.vmdkfiles. Thefirst.vmdkfileforeachdiskissmallandcontainspointerstotheotherfilesthat makeupthevirtualdisk.Theother.vmdkfilescontaindatastoredbyyourvirtual machineanduseasmallamountofspaceforvirtualmachineoverhead. Bydefault,alldiskspaceisallocatedwhenyoucreatethevirtualdisk.Apreallocated virtualdiskhasfixedfilesizes,andmostofthefilesare2GB.Asmentionedabove,the firstfileissmall.Thelastfileintheseriesmightalsobesmallerthan2GB. Ifyouchosenottoallocatethespaceinadvance,the.vmdkfilesgrowasdataisadded, toamaximumof2GBeachexceptforthefirstfileintheset,whichremainssmall. Thevirtualmachinesettingseditorshowsthenameofthefirstfileinthesettheone thatcontainspointerstotheotherfilesintheset.Theotherfilesusedforthatdiskare assignednamesbasedonthenameofthefirstfile. Forexample,aWindows2000Servervirtualmachineusingthedefaultconfiguration, withfilesthatgrowasneeded,storesthediskinfilesnamedWindows 2000 Server.vmdk,Windows 2000 Server-s001.vmdk,Windows 2000 Server-s002.vmdkandso on. Ifthediskspaceisallocatedinadvanceandthevirtualdiskissplitinto2GBfiles,the namesaresimilar,exceptthattheyincludeanfinsteadofansforexample,Windows 2000 Server-f001.vmdk.Ifthediskisnotsplitinto2GBfiles,thevirtualmachinestores thediskintwofiles,namedWindows 2000 Server.vmdkandWindows 2000 Server-flat.vmdk. Ifyouareusingaphysicaldisk,the.vmdkfilestoresinformationaboutthephysicaldisk orpartitionusedbythevirtualmachine.
Redo-Log Files
Redologfilesarestoredinthevirtualmachinesworkingdirectory,andareforsaving changestoindependentnonpersistentdisks.Redologfilessaveblocksthatthevirtual machinemodifieswhileitisrunning.Theredologfileforadiskin independentnonpersistentmodeisnotsavedwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredoff orreset.
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Theredologfileforavirtualdiskvmisnamedvm.vmdk.REDO.Ifthevirtualdiskissplit into2GBfiles,thediskfilesarenamedvm.vmdk,vm-02.vmdk,vm-03.vmdkandsoon;its redologfilesarenamedvm.vmdk.REDO,vm-02.vmdk.REDO,vm-03.vmdk.REDOandsoon. Youcanchoosethelocationwheretheredologfilesarestored.Bydefault,thefilesare storedinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualdisk(.vmdk)file.Bydefault,redologfilesfor physicaldisksarelocatedinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualmachineconfigurationfile (.vmx).Youcanchangethelocationoftheredologfilesinthevirtualmachinesettings editor.Withthevirtualmachinepoweredoff,chooseVM>Settings.ClicktheOptions tab,selectGeneral.UnderWorkingdirectory,enterthenameorbrowsetothefolder inwhichtheredologfileshouldbestored. Youcanstorethesefilesinadifferentdirectorytoincreaseavailablespaceorimprove performance.Forbestperformance,thelogfilesforavirtualmachineshouldbeona localharddriveonthehostcomputer.
Snapshot Files
Whenyoutakeasnapshotofavirtualmachinenamedvm,VMwareServerstoresthe snapshotinafilenamedvm.vmsn.VMwareServerstoressnapshotinformationinfiles namedvmSnapshotX.vmsnandinvmxxxxxx.vmdk.Formoreinformationabout snapshots,seeTakingSnapshotsonpage 112. Youcanchoosethelocationwherethesnapshotfilesarestored.Bydefault,thefilesare storedinthesamedirectoryasthevirtualdisk(.vmdk)file.Youcanchangethelocation ofthesnapshotfilesinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.Withthevirtualmachine poweredoff,chooseVM>Settings.ClicktheOptionstab,selectGeneral.Under Workingdirectory,enterthenameorbrowsetothefolderinwhichthesnapshotfile shouldbestored. Youcanstorethesefilesinadifferentdirectorytoincreaseavailablespaceorimprove performance.Forbestperformance,thelogfilesforavirtualmachineshouldbeona localharddriveonthehostcomputer.
Lock Files
Arunningvirtualmachinecreateslockfilestopreventconsistencyproblemsonvirtual disks.Ifthevirtualmachinedidnotuselocks,multiplevirtualmachinesmightread andwritetothedisk,causingdatacorruption. Lockfilesarealwayscreatedinthesamedirectoryasthe.vmdkfile. ThelockingmethodsusedbyVMwareServeronMicrosoftWindowsandLinuxhosts aredifferent,sofilessharedbetweenthemarenotfullyprotected.Ifyouuseacommon filerepositorythatprovidesfilestousersonbothWindowsandLinuxhosts,besure thateachvirtualmachineisrunbyonlyoneuseratatime.
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YoucanuseSCSIreservationtoworkaroundthelockfilesothatmultiplevirtual machinescanaccessit.Thisistypicallydoneinconjunctionwithahighavailability configuration,suchasclustering.Formoreinformationaboutthis,seeUsing HighAvailabilityConfigurationsintheVMwareServerAdministrationGuide. Whenavirtualmachineispoweredoff,itremovesthelockfilesitcreated.Ifitcannot removethelock,astalelockfileisleftprotectingthe.vmdkfile.Forexample,ifthehost machinecrashesbeforethevirtualmachinehasachancetoremoveitslockfile,astale lockremains. Ifastalelockfileremainswhenthevirtualmachineisstartedagain,thevirtualmachine triestoremovethestalelock.Tomakesurethatnovirtualmachinecouldbeusingthe lockfile,thevirtualmachinechecksthelockfiletoseewhether 1 2 Thelockwascreatedonthesamehostwherethevirtualmachineisrunning. Theprocessthatcreatedthelockisnotrunning.
Ifthosetwoconditionsaretrue,thevirtualmachinecansafelyremovethestalelock.If eitherofthoseconditionsisnottrue,adialogboxappears,warningyouthatthevirtual machinecannotbepoweredon.Ifyouaresureitissafetodoso,youcandeletethelock filesmanually.OnWindowshosts,thefilenamesofthelockfilesendin.lck.OnLinux hosts,thefilenamesofthelockfilesendin.WRITELOCK. Physicaldiskpartitionsarealsoprotectedbylocks.However,thehostoperating systemisnotawareofthislockingconventionanddoesnotrespectit.Forthisreason, VMwarestronglyrecommendsthatthephysicaldiskforavirtualmachinenotbe installedonthesamephysicaldiskasthehostoperatingsystem.
Defragmenting and Shrinking Virtual Disks

Ifyouhaveavirtualdiskthatgrowsasdataisadded,youcandefragmentandshrink itasdescribedinthissection.Ifyouallocatedallthespaceforyourvirtualdiskatthe timeyoucreatedit,youcannotdefragmentandshrinkit.
Defragmenting Virtual Disks

Defragmentingdisksrearrangesfiles,programs,andunusedspaceonthevirtualdisk sothatprogramsrunfasterandfilesopenmorequickly.Defragmentingdoesnot reclaimunusedspaceonavirtualdisk.Toreclaimunusedspace,shrinkthedisk.
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Forbestdiskperformance,youcantakethefollowingthreeactions,intheorderlisted: 1 2 Runadiskdefragmentationutilityinsidethevirtualmachine. Poweroffthevirtualmachineanddefragmentitsvirtualdisksfromthevirtual machinesettingseditor(VM>Settings).Selectthevirtualdiskyouwantto defragment,andclickDefragment. Runadiskdefragmentationutilityonthehostcomputer.
Defragmentingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime. NOTE Thedefragmentationprocessrequiresfreeworkingspaceonthehost computersdisk.Ifyourvirtualdiskiscontainedinasinglefile,forexample, youneedfreespaceequaltothesizeofthevirtualdiskfile.Othervirtualdisk configurationsrequirelessfreespace.
Shrinking Virtual Disks

Shrinkingavirtualdiskreclaimsunusedspaceinthevirtualdisk.Thisprocessreduces theamountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehostdrive.VMwarerecommends youshrinkvirtualdiskswhentheamountofusedspaceonthevirtualharddriveis muchlowerthanthesizeoftheactual.vmdkfilesassociatedwiththevirtualhard drive.VMwarerecommendsthatyounotshrinkavirtualdiskwhenthespaceusedon thevirtualharddriveisnearlythesameasthesizeoftheactual.vmdkfilesassociated withthevirtualharddrive. Youcannotshrinkpreallocatedvirtualdisksorphysicaldisks.Shrinkingrequiresfree diskspaceonthehostequaltothesizeofthevirtualdiskbeingshrunk. NOTE Theshrinkprocessappliestoallvirtualdisksevenifyoudonotprepareall thevirtualdisksinavirtualmachineforshrinking.
Shrinkingvirtualdisksisaconvenientwaytoconvertavirtualdisktotheformat supportedbyVMwareServer.Virtualdiskscreatedinthenewformatcannotbe recognizedbyVMwareGSXServer3oranyotherVMwareproduct,except Workstation5.x. Thevirtualdiskstobeshrunkmustnotbebootedasindependentdisks.Youcan changethemodeofavirtualdiskbeforethevirtualmachineispoweredon.See IndependentDisksonpage 121. Shrinkingadiskisatwostepprocess.Inthefirststep,calledwiping,VMwareTools reclaimsallunusedportionsofdiskpartitions(suchasdeletedfiles)andpreparesthem
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forshrinking.Thisallowsforthemaximumshrinkpossible.Wipingtakesplaceinthe guestoperatingsystem. Theshrinkprocessitselfisthesecondstep,andittakesplaceoutsidethevirtual machine.VMwareServerreducesthesizeofthediskbasedonthediskspacereclaimed bythewipeprocess.Thisstepoccursafterthewipefinishespreparingthediskfor shrinking. Whenavirtualmachineispoweredon,youshrinkitsvirtualdisksfromtheVMware Toolscontrolpanel.Youcannotshrinkvirtualdisksifasnapshotexists.Toremovean existingsnapshot,chooseSnapshot>RemoveSnapshot. InaLinuxorFreeBSDguestoperatingsystem,topreparevirtualdisksforshrinking, youshouldrunVMwareToolsastherootuser.Thisway,youensurethewholevirtual diskisshrunk.Ifyoushrinkdisksasanonrootuser,youcannotwipethepartsofthe virtualdiskthatrequirerootlevelpermissions. 1 TolaunchthecontrolpanelinaWindowsguest,doubleclicktheVMwareTools iconinthesystemtrayorchooseStart>Settings>ControlPanel,anddoubleclick VMwareTools. TolaunchthecontrolpanelinaLinuxorFreeBSDguest,becomeroot(su -),and runvmware-toolbox. 2 3 ClicktheShrinktab. Selectthevirtualdisksyouwanttoshrink,thenclickPreparetoShrink. NOTE Ifyoudeselectsomeofthepartitionstopreparetoshrink,theentiredisk isstillshrunk.However,thosepartitionsarenotpreparedforshrinking, andtheshrinkprocessdoesnotreducethesizeofthevirtualdiskasmuch asitcouldotherwise.
WhenVMwareToolsfinishespreparingtheselecteddiskpartitions,youare promptedtobeginshrinkingthedisks.
Shrinkingdiskscantakeconsiderabletime. Insomeconfigurations,itisnotpossibletoshrinkvirtualdisks.TheShrinktab displaysinformationexplainingwhyyoucannotshrinkyourvirtualdisks.For example,youcannotshrinkavirtualdiskif:

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Youpreallocateddiskspacewhenyoucreatedthedisk,whichisthedefaultoption forbothtypicalandcustomvirtualmachinecreationpaths. Thevirtualmachinehasasnapshot. Thevirtualmachinecontainsphysical(raw)disks.

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Thevirtualdiskisnotanindependentdiskinpersistentmode.Formore information,seeIndependentDisksonpage 121. ThevirtualdiskisstoredonaCDROM.
Configuring Optical and Floppy Drives

Thefollowingsectionsdescribehowtoconfigureyourvirtualmachinesoptical (DVD/CDROM)andfloppydrives.Youcanusethephysicaldeviceorpointthevirtual machinetoanISOorfloppyimagefile.
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Configuring Virtual DVD/CD-ROM Drives

EachvirtualmachinecanaccessaphysicalDVD/CDROMdriveontheVMwareServer hostoranISOimagefile. MultiplevirtualmachinescanconnecttotheDVD/CDROMdriveontheVMware Serverhostatthesametime,unlessavirtualmachineisconfiguredtousethedrive exclusively.Forinformationaboutexclusiveuseoftheopticaldrive,seeExclusively UsingtheDVD/CDROMDriveonpage 130. YouconfigurevirtualDVD/CDROMdrivesfromthevirtualmachinesettingseditor (VM>Settings). Optionsyoucanconfigureincludechoosingthedevicenodefortheguest,usinglegacy emulationmode,usingtheopticaldriveonaclientinsteadoftheVMwareServerhost, andexclusivelyusingtheDVD/CDROMdrive.
Configuring a Virtual Machines DVD/CD-ROM Drive from the Console

ToconfigureavirtualmachinesDVD/CDROMdrive,completethefollowingsteps. 1 2 3 ConnecttothevirtualmachinewiththeVMwareServerConsole. Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selecttheCDROMdrive.Youcanmakeanyofthe followingchanges.
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ChoosingaDeviceNodefortheDVD/CDROMDriveonpage 129 UsingLegacyEmulationforDVD/CDROMDrivesonpage 129 ExclusivelyUsingtheDVD/CDROMDriveonpage 130
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UsingtheDVD/CDROMDriveonaClientonpage 130
Choosing a Device Node for the DVD/CD-ROM Drive

Likeavirtualdisk,thevirtualmachinesDVD/CDROMdrivecanbeassociatedwitha specificSCSIorIDEdevicenode. Thetypeofdevicedoesnothavetomatchthetypeofdeviceonthehost,soifyour VMwareServerhosthasanIDECDROMdrive,youcanstillconfigureyourvirtual machinewithaSCSICDROMdrive. Ifyouwanttodomorethanreaddatafromthedriveforexample,burnCDROMs youshouldmatchthebustypes.SoifyourhosthasanIDECDROMdrive, configurethevirtualCDROMdriveonanIDEdevicenode. However,ifyouwanttobootfromavirtualCDROMdrive,youmustconfigurethe driveasanIDEdevice.
Using Legacy Emulation for DVD/CD-ROM Drives

ThevirtualmachinesettingseditorprovidesaLegacyemulationoptionfor DVD/CDROMdrivesattachedtothevirtualmachine. OnWindowshosts,thisoptionisdeselectedbydefault. OnLinuxhostswithIDEdrives,thedefaultsettingforthisoptiondependsonwhether theide-scsimoduleisloadedinyourkernel.Theide-scsimodulemustbeloaded oryoumustbeusingaphysicalSCSIdrivetoconnecttotheDVD/CDROMdrivein rawmode. IfyouencounterproblemsusingyourDVD/CDROMdrive,tryselectingLegacy emulation. Inlegacyemulationmode,youcanreadfromdatadiscsintheDVD/CDROMdrive, butsomeotherfunctionsarenotavailable.Forexample,youcannotreadfrom multisessiondiscsifyourDVD/CDROMdriveisconfiguredforlegacymode.You cannotburnCDROMseither. WhenLegacyemulationisdeselected,theguestoperatingsystemcommunicates directlywiththedrive.Thisdirectcommunicationenablescapabilitiesthatarenot possibleinlegacyemulationmode,suchasusingCDandDVDwriterstoburndiscs, readingmultisessionCDs,performingdigitalaudioextraction,andviewingvideo. However,insomecases,theDVD/CDROMdrivemightnotworkcorrectlywhenthe guestoperatingsystemiscommunicatingdirectlywiththedrive.Inaddition,certain
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drivesandtheirdriversdonotworkcorrectlyinrawmode.SelectLegacyemulation toworkaroundtheseproblems.
Exclusively Using the DVD/CD-ROM Drive

YoucanpreventothervirtualmachinesandthehostfromusingtheDVD/CDROM driveuntileitheryoudisconnectitfromthisvirtualmachineoryoupoweroffor suspendthevirtualmachine.Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,checkConnect exclusivelytothisvirtualmachine.
Using the DVD/CD-ROM Drive on a Client

WhenyouusetheVMwareServerConsoleonaremoteclienttoconnecttoavirtual machine,youhavetheoptionofusingtheopticaldriveontheclientmachineinstead ofthedriveontheVMwareServerhost.Thisisaconvenientwayofinstallingsoftware remotelyifyoudonothaveaccesstothehost. TouseaclientmachinesDVD/CDROMdrive,makesureyouareusingthephysical drive.NexttoLocation,selectClient. Allvirtualmachinesettingslikeusinglegacyemulationandexclusiveconnections apply,exceptthataCDROMdriveonaclientcannotstartconnected. IfyouwanttobootthevirtualmachinefromtheDVD/CDROMdriveinaclient system,completethefollowingsteps. 1 2 3 Whenyoufirstbeginbootingtheguestoperatingsystem,presstheEsckey.Aboot menuappears. Intheconsole,openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)andselect theCDROMdrive.SelectUsephysicaldriveandnexttoLocation,selectClient. SelecttheCDROMdrive,PressEntertobootthevirtualmachinefromthe CDROMdriveoftheclientonwhichyouarerunningtheVMwareServer Console.
Configuring Virtual Floppy Drives

EachvirtualmachinecanaccessaphysicalfloppydriveontheVMwareServerhostor afloppyimagefile. Onlyonevirtualmachinecanconnecttothefloppydriveontheserveratatime. Youconfigurevirtualfloppydrivesfromthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
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Configuring a Virtual Machines Floppy Drive from the Console

Toconfigureavirtualmachinesfloppydrive,completethefollowingsteps. 1 2 3 4 5 ConnecttothevirtualmachinewiththeVMwareServerConsole. Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.ChooseVM>Settings. OntheHardwaretab,selectthefloppydrive. Toconnectthisvirtualmachinetothefloppydrivewhenthevirtualmachineis poweredon,checkConnectatPowerOn. Specifywhethertoconnecttothehostsfloppydriveortoafloppyimage. IfyouselectUsephysicaldrive,choosethedrivefromthelistorselectAutodetect toletVMwareServerchoosethedrive. fyouselectUsefloppyImage,createaneworbrowsetoanexistingfloppyimage. Thebenefitofautodetectdevicesisthatyoucanmovethembetweenvirtual machinesrunningdifferentguestoperatingsystems,suchasWindowsand Linux,withouthavingtoreconfigurethem.
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Adding Drives to a Virtual Machine

AVMwareServervirtualmachinecanuseuptofourIDEdevicesanduptosevenSCSI devices.AnyofthesedevicescanbeavirtualharddiskorDVD/CDROMdrive.A virtualmachinecanreaddatafromaDVDROMdisc.VMwareServerdoesnotsupport playingDVDmoviesinavirtualmachine. ManyotherSCSIdevicescanbeconnectedtoavirtualmachineusingthehost operatingsystemsgenericSCSIdriver.Fordetailsonconnectingthesedevices,see ConnectingtoaGenericSCSIDeviceonpage 237. Thefollowingsectionsdescribehowtoaddvirtualdisks,physicaldisks, DVD/CDROMdrives,andfloppydrivestovirtualmachines.Inaddition,youcan connectCDROMandfloppydrivestodiskimagefiles.
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Adding Virtual Disks to a Virtual Machine

Virtualdisksarestoredasfilesonthehostcomputeroronanetworkfileserver.Itdoes notmatterwhetherthediskthatholdsthefilesisIDEorSCSI.AvirtualIDEdrivecan bestoredonanIDEdriveoronaSCSIdrive.SocanavirtualSCSIdrive. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddanewvirtualdisktoyourvirtual machine.Thevirtualmachineshouldbepoweredoffbeforeyoubegin.Ifitisnot,shut downtheguestoperatingsystemnormally,andclickPowerOffontheVMwareServer Consoletoolbar. NOTE IfyouhaveaWindowsNT4.0guestwithaSCSIvirtualdisk,youcannotadd bothanadditionalSCSIdiskandanIDEdisktotheconfiguration.
To add a new virtual disk from the VMware Server Console

1 Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)andclickAdd.TheAdd HardwareWizardguidesyouthroughthestepstocreateyourvirtualdisk.Click Nexttostartconfiguringthevirtualdisk. ClickHardDisk,andclickNext. SelectCreateanewvirtualdisk,andclickNext. Choosethetypeofvirtualdisk.TheWizardrecommendswhethertouseSCSIor IDE,basedontheguestoperatingsysteminstalledinthevirtualmachine. Setthecapacityforthenewvirtualdisk. Youcansetasizebetween0.1GB(100MB)and950GBforaSCSIvirtualdiskor 950GBforanIDEvirtualdisk.Thedefaultis8GB. Bydefault,Allocatealldiskspacenowischecked. Allocatingallthespaceatthetimeyoucreatethevirtualdiskgivessomewhat betterperformance,butitrequiresasmuchdiskspaceasthesizeyouspecifyfor thevirtualdisk. Apreallocatedvirtualdiskisusefulforclusteringvirtualmachines.Formore informationaboutclustering,seeUsingHighAvailabilityConfigurationsinthe VMwareServerAdministrationGuide. Ifyoudeselectthisoption,thevirtualdisksfilesstartsmallandgrowasneeded, buttheycannevergrowlargerthanthesizeyousethere. Youcanalsospecifywhetherthevirtualdiskiscreatedasonelargefileorsplitinto asetof2GBfiles.Tosplitthedisk,selectSplitdiskinto2GBfiles.Youshouldsplit
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thevirtualdiskifitisstoredonaFAT32filesystemoronafilesystemthatcannot supportfileslargerthan2GB,suchasFAT16. 6 Acceptthedefaultfilenameandlocationforthevirtualdiskfile,orchangeitifyou wanttouseadifferentnameorlocation.Tofindadifferentfolder,clickBrowse. Ifyouwanttospecifyadevicenodeforyourvirtualdisk,clickAdvanced. Ontheadvancedsettingsscreen,youcanalsospecifyadiskmode.Thisisuseful incertainspecialpurposeconfigurationsinwhichyouwanttoexcludedisksfrom thesnapshot.Formoreinformationonsnapshots,seeTakingSnapshotson page 112.Youcanchoosebetweenanormaldiskandanindependentdisk. Normaldisksareincludedinsnapshots.Thisisthedefaultsettingforanewdisk. Independentdisksarenotincludedinsnapshots.IfyouselectIndependent,you mustfurtherselectoneofthefollowingmodes:
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Persistentchangesareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentothedisk. Nonpersistentchangestothediskarediscardedwhenyoupoweroffor reverttothesnapshot.
Whenyouhavesetthefilenameandlocationandhavemadeanyselectionsonthe advancedsettingsscreen,clickFinish. 7 TheWizardcreatesthenewvirtualdisk.Itappearstoyourguestoperatingsystem asanew,blankharddisk.Usetheguestoperatingsystemstoolstopartitionand formatthenewdrive.
To add an existing virtual disk from the VMware Server Console

1 Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)andclickAdd.TheAdd HardwareWizardguidesyouthroughthestepstocreateyourvirtualdisk.Click Nexttostartconfiguringthevirtualdisk. ClickHardDisk,andthenclickNext. SelectUseanexistingvirtualdisk,andthenclickNext. ClickBrowse,andthenbrowsetothevirtualdisk(.vmdk)youwanttouse. Toassociatethevirtualdiskwithaspecificdevicenode,clickAdvancedandselect thedevicenodeintheVirtualdevicenodelist. Ontheadvancedsettingsscreen,youcanalsospecifyadiskmode.Thisisuseful incertainspecialpurposeconfigurationsinwhichyouwanttoexcludedisksfrom thesnapshot.Formoreinformationonthesnapshotfeature,seeTaking
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Snapshotsonpage 112.Youcanchoosebetweenanormaldiskandan independentdisk. Normaldisksareincludedinsnapshots.Thisisthedefaultsettingforanewdisk. Independentdisksarenotincludedinsnapshots.IfyouselectIndependent,you mustfurtherselectoneofthefollowingmodes:

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Whenyouhavesetthefilenameandlocationtouseandhavemadeanyselections ontheadvancedsettingsscreen,clickFinish.TheWizardaddsthevirtualdiskto thevirtualmachine.
Adding Physical Disks to a Virtual Machine

Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)toaddaphysicaldisktoyour virtualmachine.Thevirtualmachineshouldbepoweredoffbeforeyoubegin.Ifitis not,shutdowntheguestoperatingsystemnormally,andclickPowerOffonthe VMwareServerConsoletoolbar. CAUTION Physicaldisksareanadvancedfeatureandshouldbeconfiguredonlyby advancedusers.
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Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)andclickAdd.TheAdd HardwareWizardguidesyouthroughthestepstocreateyourvirtualdisk. ClickHardDisk,andclickNext.TheSelectaDiskscreenappears.
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SelectUseaphysicaldisk,andclickNext.TheSelectaPhysicalDiskscreen appears.
Choosethephysicalharddisktousefromthedropdownlist.Thenselectwhether usetheentirediskoruseonlyindividualpartitionsonthedisk.
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Tousetheentiredisk,selectUseentiredisk,thenclickNext. Tousespecificpartitionsonthedisk,selectUseindividualpartitions,and thenclickNext.TheSelectPartitionscreenappears.
Selectwhichpartitionstouseinthevirtualmachine.Onlythepartitionsyou selectinthissteparevisibletothevirtualmachine.Allotherpartitionsare hiddenfromit. ClickNext.
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TheSpecifyDiskFilescreenappears.
Tochangethedefaultfilenameandlocationforthefilethatstoresaccess informationforthisphysicaldisk,clickBrowse. ClickAdvancedtospecifythevirtualmachineSCSIorIDEdevicenodetowhich thisdiskisconnected.
Ontheadvancedsettingsscreen,youcanalsospecifyadiskmode.Thisisuseful incertainspecialpurposeconfigurationsinwhichyouwanttoexcludedisksfrom thesnapshot.Formoreinformationonthesnapshotfeature,seeTaking Snapshotsonpage 112.Youcanchoosebetweenanormaldiskandan independentdisk. Normaldisksareincludedinsnapshots.Thisisthedefaultsettingforanewdisk. Independentdisksarenotincludedinsnapshots.IfyouselectIndependent,you mustalsoselectamode:

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Whenyouhavesetthefilenameandlocationtouseandhavemadeanyselections ontheadvancedsettingsscreen,clickFinish.
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TheWizardconfiguresthenewphysicaldisk.Ifthepartitionsusedonthephysical diskarenotformattedforyourguestoperatingsystem,usetheguestoperating systemstoolstoformatthem. Afteryoucreateaphysicaldiskusingoneormorepartitionsonaphysical disk,youshouldnevermodifythepartitiontablesbyrunningfdiskora similarutilityintheguestoperatingsystem.Ifyouusefdiskorasimilar utilityonthehostoperatingsystemtomodifythepartitiontableofthe physicaldisk,youmustrecreatethevirtualmachinesphysicaldisk.
NOTE
Adding DVD/CD-ROM Drives to a Virtual Machine

YoucanaddoneormoreDVD/CDROMdrivestoyourvirtualmachine.Youcan connectthevirtualmachinesdrivetoaphysicaldriveonthehostmachineortoanISO imagefile. YoucanconfigurethevirtualDVD/CDROMdriveaseitherIDEorSCSI,nomatter whatkindofphysicaldriveyouconnectitto.Inotherwords,ifyourhostcomputerhas anIDECDROMdrive,youcansetupthevirtualmachinesdriveaseitherSCSIorIDE andconnectittothehostsdrive.ThesameistrueifthehostsphysicaldriveisaSCSI drive. ToaddanewvirtualDVD/CDROMdrivetoavirtualmachine,makesurethevirtual machineispoweredoff,andcompletethefollowingsteps.Youmustusetheconsoleto canaddthedevice.
To add a DVD/CD-ROM drive from the VMware Server Console

1 2 3 Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)andclickAddtostartthe AddHardwareWizard. ClickDVD/CDROMDrive,andthenclickNext. SelectUsephysicaldrivetoconnectthevirtualmachinesdrivetoaphysicaldrive onthehostcomputer.SelectUseISOImagetoconnectthevirtualmachinesdrive toanISOimagefile. Dooneofthefollowing:
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IfyouselectedUsephysicaldrive,choosethedrivetousefromthe dropdownlistorchooseAutodetect,whichletsVMwareServerselectthe drive. ThedefaultisAutodetect.
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NOTE
ThebenefitofusingAutodetectdevicesisthattheycanbemoved betweenvirtualmachinesrunningdifferentoperatingsystems,suchas WindowsandLinux,withouthavingtobereconfigured.
IfyoudonotwanttheCDROMdriveconnectedwhenthevirtualmachine starts,uncheckConnectatpoweron. ClickAdvancedtospecifythedevicenodethedriveshoulduseinthevirtual machine. OntheadvancedsettingsscreenyoucanalsoselectLegacyemulation.Thisis necessaryonlyifyouhavehadproblemsusingnormalmode.Thelegacy emulationmodedoesnotsupportallthecapabilitiesofnormalmode.For example,ifyouareusinglegacyemulationmode,youcannotrecordCDs,you cannotreadmultisessionCDs,youcannotextractdigitalaudiofromaCD, andyoucannotreadorwriteDVDs.Fordetails,seeUsingLegacyEmulation forDVD/CDROMDrivesonpage 129. Afteryouhavemadeanydesiredchangesinthesesettings,clickFinish.
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IfyouselectedUseISOImage,enterthepathandfilenamefortheimagefile orclickBrowsetonavigatetothefile. IfyoudonotwanttheCDROMdriveconnectedwhenthevirtualmachine starts,uncheckConnectatpoweron. ClickAdvancedtospecifythedevicenodethedriveshoulduseinthevirtual machine. Afteryouhavemadeanydesiredchangesinthesesettings,clickFinish.
ThedriveissetupinitiallysoitappearstotheguestoperatingsystemasanIDE drive.IfyouwantittoappeartotheguestoperatingsystemasaSCSIdrive,click thedrivesentryinthevirtualmachinesettingseditorandmakethechange.
Adding Floppy Drives to a Virtual Machine

Youcanadduptotwofloppydrivestoyourvirtualmachine.Avirtualfloppydrive canconnecttoaphysicalfloppydriveonthehostcomputer,toanexistingfloppyimage file,ortoablankfloppyimagefile.
To add a floppy drive from the VMware Server Console

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Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)andclickAddtostartthe AddHardwareWizard. ClickFloppyDrive,andclickNext.

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Selectwhatyouwanttoconnecttoaphysicalfloppydriveonthehost computer,anexistingfloppyimagefile,oranewfloppyimagefile.ClickNext. IfyouselectedUseaphysicalfloppydrive,choosethedrivesletter(ona Windowshost)ordevicename(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistorchoose AutodetecttoletVMwareServerselectthedrivetouse.ClickFinish. Thebenefitofautodetectdevicesisthatyoucanmovethembetweenvirtual machinesthatusedifferentoperatingsystems,suchasWindowsandLinux, withouthavingtoreconfigurethem. IfyouselectedUseafloppyimage,typethepathandfilenameforthefloppy imagefileyouwanttouse,orclickBrowsetonavigatetothefile.ClickFinish. IfyouselectedCreateablankfloppyimage,usethedefaultpathandfilenameor typeinanewone.Tonavigatetoalocation,clickBrowse.Whenthefieldcontains thepathandfilenameyouwanttouseforthenewfloppyimagefile,clickFinish.
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Bydefault,onlyonefloppydriveisenabledinthevirtualmachinesBIOS.If youareaddingasecondfloppydrivetothevirtualmachine,clickinsidethe virtualmachinewindowandpressF2asthevirtualmachinebootstoenterthe BIOSsetuputility.Onthemainscreen,chooseLegacyDisketteB:andusethe plus(+)andminus()keysonthenumericalkeypadtoselectthetypeof floppydriveyouwanttouse.PressF10tosaveyourchangesandclosethe BIOSsetuputility.
Using VMware Virtual Disk Manager

VMwareVirtualDiskManagerisautilityinVMwareServerthatletsyoucreate, manage,andmodifyvirtualdiskfilesfromthecommandlineorwithinscripts. Onekeyfeatureistheabilitytoenlargeavirtualdisksoitsmaximumcapacityislarger thanitwaswhenyoucreatedit.Thisway,ifyoufindyouneedmorediskspaceona givenvirtualdisk,butdonotwanttoaddanothervirtualdiskoruseghostingsoftware totransferthedataonavirtualdisktoalargervirtualdisk,youcansimplychangethe maximumsizeofthedisk.Thisissomethingyoucannotdowithphysicalharddrives. Anotherfeatureallowsyoutochangewhetherornotallvirtualdiskspaceis preallocatedorgrowable,andwhetherornotthevirtualdiskisstoredinasinglefileor splitinto2GBfiles.Forexample,youmightfindthatyoupreallocatedallthediskspace foravirtualdisk,butneedtoreclaimsomeharddiskspaceonthehost.Youcanconvert thepreallocatedvirtualdiskintoagrowablediskandremovetheoriginalvirtualdisk file.Thenewvirtualdiskislargeenoughtocontainallthedataontheoriginalvirtual disk.Thevirtualdiskgrowsinsizeasyouadddatatoit,asifyouneverpreallocated thediskspacewhenyoucreatedthevirtualdisk.
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Youcanusethevirtualdiskmanagerto:
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Automatethemanagementofvirtualdiskswithscripts. Createvirtualdisksthatarenotassociatedwithaparticularvirtualmachine,tobe usedfortemplates,forexample. Switchthevirtualdisktypefrompreallocatedtogrowable,orviceversa.When changingthedisktypetogrowable,somespaceonthevirtualdiskisreclaimed. Youcanshrinkthevirtualdisktoreclaimevenmorediskspace. Expandthesizeofavirtualdisksoitislargerthanthesizespecifiedwhenyou createdit. Defragmentvirtualdisks. Prepareandshrinkvirtualdiskswithoutpoweringonthevirtualmachine (Windowshostsonly). Renameandmovevirtualdisks.
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Youcannotusethevirtualdiskmanagertocreatephysical(raw)disks.Youcannot shrinkphysicaldisksatall. Thefollowingsectionsprovidemoreinformationaboutthevirtualdiskmanager:

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RunningtheVMwareVirtualDiskManagerUtilityonpage 140 ShrinkingVirtualDiskswithVMwareVirtualDiskManageronpage 143 ExamplesUsingtheVMwareVirtualDiskManageronpage 144
Running the VMware Virtual Disk Manager Utility

ToruntheVMwareVirtualDiskManagerutility,openacommandpromptorterminal ontheVMwareServerhost.ForWindowshosts,changetothedirectorywhereyou installedyourVMwareServersoftware.Bydefault,thisdirectoryisC:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server. Thecommandsyntaxis: vmware-vdiskmanager [options] TheoptionsyoucanormustuseareoutlinedinTable61.
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Table 6-1. Options/Parameters

<diskname>
Description
Isthenameofthevirtualdiskfile.Thevirtualdiskfilemust havea.vmdkextension. Youcanspecifyapathtowhereyouwanttolocatethedisk.If youmappednetworksharesonyourhost,youcancreatethe virtualdisktherebyprovidingthecorrectpathinformation withthediskfilename.
-c
Createsthevirtualdisk.Youmustusethe-a,-sand-t options,andyoumustspecifythenameofthevirtualdisk (<diskname>). Convertsthevirtualdiskspecifiedby<sourcediskname>, creatinganewvirtualdiskasaresult.Youmustusethe-t optiontospecifythedisktypetowhichthevirtualdiskis convertedandyoumustspecifythenameofthetargetvirtual disk(<targetdiskname>). Aftertheconversioniscompletedandyouhavetestedthe convertedvirtualdisktomakesureitworksasexpected,you candeletetheoriginalvirtualdiskfile. Tohavethevirtualmachinerecognizetheconvertedvirtual disk,usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoremovethe existingvirtualdiskfromthevirtualmachine.Addthe converteddisktothevirtualmachine.Forinformationon addingvirtualdiskstoavirtualmachine,seeAddingVirtual DiskstoaVirtualMachineonpage 132.
-r <sourcediskname> <targetdiskname>
-x <n>[GB|MB] <diskname>
Expandsthevirtualdisktothespecifiedcapacity.Youmust specifythenew,largersizeofthevirtualdiskinGigabytesor Megabytes.Youcannotchangethesizeofaphysical(raw) disk. Caution:Beforerunningthevirtualdiskmanagerutility,you shouldbackupyourvirtualdiskfiles. Note:Ifthevirtualdiskispartitioned,youmustusea thirdpartyutilityinthevirtualmachinetoexpandthesizeof thepartitions.Formoreinformation,seeVMwareknowledge basearticle1647at www.vmware.com/support/kb/enduser/std_adp.php?p_fa qid=1647. Ifyouhaveavirtualmachinewithasnapshotoraredolog filestoredinadifferentdirectory,donotusethevirtualdisk managertoexpandthevirtualdiskuntilyouremovethe snapshotorcommittheredologfile.Otherwise,youmight notbeabletopoweronthevirtualmachine.
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-n <sourcediskname> <targetdiskname>
Description
Renamesthevirtualdiskspecifiedby<sourcediskname>.You mustspecifythenameofthetargetvirtualdisk (<targetdiskname>).Byprovidingdirectorypaths,youcan renamethediskandplaceitinadifferentdirectoryorplace thediskwiththesamenameinadifferentdirectory. Beforeyourenamethevirtualdiskorchangethedirectoryin whichitislocated,youshouldremovethevirtualdiskfrom anyvirtualmachinethatcontainsthedisk.ChooseVM> Settings><virtualdisk>,thenclickRemove.Ifthisvirtual machinehasasnapshotoraredologstoredinadifferent directory,removethesnapshotorcommittheredolog. Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletopoweronthevirtual machine. Afteryourenameorrelocatethevirtualdisk,additbackto anyvirtualmachinesthatuseit.ChooseVM>Settings,click Add,thenfollowtheWizardtoaddthisexistingvirtualdisk.
-d <diskname>
Defragmentsthespecifiedvirtualdisk.Youcandefragment onlygrowablevirtualdisks.Youcannotdefragment preallocatedvirtualdisks. Preparesavirtualdiskforshrinking.Ifthevirtualdiskis partitionedintovolumes,eachvolumemustbeprepared separately.ThevolumemustbemountedbyVMware DiskMountat<mountpoint>.Afteryoupreparethevolume, unmountitwithVMwareDiskMount.Continuemounting eachvolumeofthevirtualdiskandpreparingitforshrinking untilyoucompletethisprocessforallthevolumesofthe virtualdisk. Youcanmountonlyonevolumeofavirtualdiskatatime withVMwareDiskMount.Youcanpreparevolumesof virtualdisksforshrinkingononlyonWindowshosts.
-p <mountpoint>
-k <diskname>
Shrinksthespecifiedvirtualdisk.Youcanshrinkonly growablevirtualdisks.Youcanshrinkvirtualdisksonlyon Windowshosts. Youcannotshrinkavirtualdiskifthevirtualmachinehasa snapshot.Tokeepthevirtualdiskinitscurrentstate,remove thesnapshot.Todiscardchangesmadesinceyoutookthe snapshot,reverttothesnapshot.
-a [ide|buslogic|lsilogi c]
Specifiesthediskadaptertype.Youmustspecifyanadapter typewhencreatinganewvirtualdisk.Chooseoneofthe followingtypes:

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ideforanIDEadapter. buslogicforaBusLogicSCSIadapter. lsilogicforanLSILogicSCSIadapter.
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-s <n>[GB|MB]
Description
Specifiesthesizeofthevirtualdisk.Specifywhetherthesize <n>isingigabytesormegabytes.Youmustspecifythesizeof avirtualdiskwhenyoucreateit. Eventhoughyoumustspecifythesizeofavirtualdiskwhen youexpandit,youdonotusethe-soptionatthattime.
-t [0|1|2|3]
Youmustspecifythetypeofvirtualdiskwhenyoucreatea newoneorreconfigureanexistingone.Specifyoneofthe followingdisktypes: 0tocreateasingle,growablevirtualdisk. 1tocreateagrowablevirtualdisksplitinto2GBfiles. 2tocreateapreallocatedvirtualdiskcontainedinasingle virtualdiskfile. 3tocreateapreallocatedvirtualdisksplitinto2GBfiles.
-q
Disablesvirtualdiskmanagerlogging. Ifyoukeeploggingenabled,messagesgeneratedbythe virtualdiskmanagerarestoredinalogfile.Thenameand locationofthelogfileappearintheterminalafterthevirtual diskmanagercommandisrun.
Shrinking Virtual Disks with VMware Virtual Disk Manager

Youcanusethevirtualdiskmanagertoprepareandshrinkvirtualdisksonlyona MicrosoftWindowshost.TheVMwarevirtualdiskmanagerisnotsupportedonLinux hosts.Youcannotusethevirtualdiskmanagertoshrinkphysicaldisks.Shrinkinga virtualdiskdoesnotreducethemaximumcapacityofthevirtualdisk.Formore informationaboutshrinking,seeDefragmentingandShrinkingVirtualDiskson page 125. CAUTION Youcannotshrinkavirtualdiskifthevirtualmachinehasasnapshot.To keepthevirtualdiskinitscurrentstate,removethesnapshot.Todiscard changesmadeafteryoutookthesnapshot,reverttothesnapshot.
Youmustprepareeachvolumeofthevirtualdiskforshrinkingbeforeyoucanshrink thedisk.Toprepareavolumeforshrinking,youmustfirstmountit.Tomountthe volume,usetheVMwareDiskMountUtility,availablewithVMwareServer.Formore information,seeAppendix:MountingVirtualDisksintheVMwareServer AdministrationGuide.
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VMwareDiskMountmountsindividualvolumesofavirtualdisk.Foroptimal shrinkingofavirtualdisk,youshouldmountallthevolumesandpreparethemfor shrinking. Afteryoumountavirtualdiskvolume,usethevirtualdiskmanagertopreparethe volumeforshrinking.Afteryouprepareavolume,unmountit,andrepeattheprocess foreachvolumeofthevirtualdisk.Afteryouprepareallthevolumesofthevirtual disk,youcanshrinkthevirtualdisk.Forexamples,seePreparingaVirtualDiskfor Shrinkingonpage 145andShrinkingaVirtualDiskonpage 146.
Examples Using the VMware Virtual Disk Manager

Thefollowingexamplesillustratehowtousethevirtualdiskmanager.Yourunthe virtualdiskmanagerfromacommandprompt.
Creating a new Virtual Disk

Tocreateanewvirtualdisk,use the following: vmware-vdiskmanager -c -t 0 -s 40GB -a ide myDisk.vmdk Thiscreatesa40GBIDEvirtualdisknamedmyDisk.vmdk.Thevirtualdiskiscontained inasingle.vmdkfile.Thediskspaceisnotpreallocated.
Converting a Virtual Disk from

Toconvertavirtualdiskfrompreallocatedtoagrowabledisk, use the following: vmware-vdiskmanager -r sourceDisk.vmdk -t 0 targetDisk.vmdk Thisconvertsthediskfromitsoriginalpreallocatedtypetoagrowablevirtualdisk consistingofasinglevirtualdiskfile.Allofthevirtualdiskspaceisnolonger preallocated,andthevirtualdiskmanagerreclaimssomediskspaceinthevirtualdisk soitisonlyaslargeasthedatacontainedwithinit.
Expanding the Size of an Existing Virtual Disk

Toexpandthesizeofavirtualdisk,usethefollowing: vmware-vdiskmanager -x 40GB myDisk.vmdk Thisincreasesthemaximumcapacityofthevirtualdiskto40GB.
Renaming a Virtual Disk

Torenameavirtualdisk,firstremoveitfromanyvirtualmachinethatcontainsthedisk (chooseVM>Settings><virtualdisk>,clickRemove). Usethefollowing:
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vmware-vdiskmanager -n myDisk.vmdk myNewDisk.vmdk Torenamethediskandlocateitinadifferentdirectory,use: vmware-vdiskmanager -n myDisk.vmdk ..\<new>\<path>\myNewDisk.vmdk NOTE ThepathsusedintheseexamplesassumeaMicrosoftWindowshost.
Tolocatethediskinadifferentdirectorybutkeepthesamename,use: vmware-vdiskmanager -n myDisk.vmdk ..\<new>\<path>\myDisk.vmdk Afteryourenameorrelocatethevirtualdisk,additbacktoanyvirtualmachinesthat useit.ChooseVM>Settings,clickAdd.FollowtheWizardtoaddthisexistingvirtual disk.
Defragmenting a Virtual Disk

Todefragmentavirtualdisk,usethefollowing: vmware-vdiskmanager -d myDisk.vmdk Youcannotdefragmentavirtualdiskifyoupreallocatedallthediskspacewhenyou createdthevirtualdisk.Youcannotdefragmentaphysicaldisk.
Preparing a Virtual Disk for Shrinking

Beforeyoucanshrinkavirtualdisk,youmustprepareeachvolumeonthediskfor shrinking.ThediskmustbelocatedonaWindowshost.Firstyoumustmountthe volume.Tomountthevolume,usetheVMwareDiskMountUtility,availablewith VMwareServer.ForinformationabouthowtouseVMwareDiskMount,see ShrinkingVirtualDiskswithVMwareVirtualDiskManageronpage 143. VMwareDiskMountmountsindividualvolumesofavirtualdisk.Foroptimal shrinkingofavirtualdisk,youshouldmountallthevolumesandshrinkthem. Afteryoumountavirtualdiskvolume,usethevirtualdiskmanagertopreparethedisk forshrinking.TopreparethevolumemountedattheMdriveforshrinking,usethe following: vmware-vdiskmanager -p M: Oncethepreparationsarecomplete,unmountthevolume.Repeatthisprocessforeach volumeofthevirtualdisk.Afteryouprepareallthevolumesforshrinking,youcan shrinkthevirtualdisk.
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Shrinking a Virtual Disk

Toshrinkavirtualdisk,itmustbelocatedonaMicrosoftWindowshost.Beforeyou canshrinkthevirtualdisk,makesureyouprepareallthevolumesofthevirtualdisk forshrinking.Thenusethefollowing: vmware-vdiskmanager -k myDisk.vmdk Remember,youcannotshrinkavirtualdiskifyoupreallocatedallthediskspacewhen youcreatedthevirtualdisk.Youcannotshrinkaphysical(raw)disk. Youcannotshrinkavirtualdiskifthevirtualmachinehasasnapshot.Tokeepthe virtualdiskinitscurrentstate,removethesnapshot.Todiscardchangesmadesince youtookthesnapshot,reverttothesnapshot.
Installing an Operating System onto a Physical Partition

Insomesituations,youmightwanttoinstallaguestoperatingsystemdirectlyona physicaldiskorpartitionalsoknownasarawdiskevenifyoudonotneedtoboot thatdiskonthehost,outsideofthevirtualmachine. Youcanuseeitheranunusedpartitionoracompletelyunuseddiskonthehostasadisk inthevirtualmachine.However,itisimportanttobeawarethatanoperatingsystem installedinthissettingprobablycannotbootoutsideofthevirtualmachine,even thoughthedataisavailabletothehost. CAUTION YoucannotuseaphysicaldiskthatisstoredonaSAN.Youmustusea diskorapartitionontheVMwareServerhost.Physicaldisksarean advancedfeatureandshouldbeconfiguredonlybyadvancedusers.
VMwareServerusesdescriptionfilestocontrolaccesstoeachphysicaldiskonthe system.Thesedescriptionfilescontainaccessprivilegeinformationthatcontrolsa virtualmachinesaccesstocertainpartitionsonthedisks.Thismechanismprevents usersfromaccidentallyrunningthehostoperatingsystemagainasaguestorrunning aguestoperatingsystemthatthevirtualmachineisnotconfiguredtouse.The descriptionfilealsopreventsaccidentalwritestophysicaldiskpartitionsfrombadly behavedoperatingsystemsorapplications. UsetheNewVirtualMachineWizardtoconfigureavirtualmachinetouseexisting physicaldiskpartitions.TheWizardguidesyouthoughcreatinganewvirtual machine,includingconfiguringthephysicaldiskdescriptionfiles.ReruntheWizardto createaseparateconfigurationforeachguestoperatingsysteminstalledonaraw partition.
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NOTE
Whileinstallingtheguestoperatingsystemonaphysicaldisk,ifyourvirtual machinedoesnotbootfromtheCDROM,trychangingthebootorderinthe virtualmachinesBIOS.Restartthevirtualmachine,andpressF2whilethe virtualmachineisbootingtoentertheBIOS.Changethebootorderthere.
ReadthesectionappropriatetoyourVMwareServerhostoperatingsystem.
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ConfiguringaWindowsHostonpage 147 ConfiguringaLinuxHostonpage 149
Configuring a Windows Host

ThefollowingsectionsdescribehowtoconfigurephysicaldisksonaWindowshost. Usethefollowingstepstorunaguestoperatingsystemfromaphysicaldisk. NOTE IfyouuseaWindowshostsIDEdiskinaphysicaldiskconfiguration,it cannotbeconfiguredastheslaveonthesecondaryIDEchannelifthemaster onthatchannelisaCDROMdrive.
To configure the virtual machine to use a physical disk 1 Identifytherawpartitiononwhichyouplantoinstalltheguestoperatingsystem. Checktheguestoperatingsystemdocumentationregardingthetypeofpartition onwhichtheoperatingsystemcanbeinstalled.Forexample,operatingsystems likeDOS,Windows95,andWindows98mustbeinstalledonthefirstprimary partitionwhileothers,likeLinux,canbeinstalledonaprimaryorextended partitiononanypartofthedrive. Identifyanappropriaterawpartitionordiskfortheguestoperatingsystemtouse. BesurethattherawpartitionisnotmountedbytheWindowshostandnotinuse byothers.Also,besuretherawpartitionordiskdoesnothavedatayouwillneed inthefuture;ifitdoes,backupthatdatanow. 2 StarttheNewVirtualMachineWizard(File>New>VirtualMachine)andselect Custom.
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WhenyoureachtheSelectaDiskstep,selectUseaphysicaldisk.
Choosethephysicalharddisktousefromthedropdownlist.Selectwhetherto usetheentirediskoruseonlyindividualpartitionsonthedisk.ClickNext.
IfyouselectedUseindividualpartitionsinthepreviousstep,selectwhich partitionsyouwanttouseinthevirtualmachine.IfyouselectedUseentiredisk, thisstepdoesnotappear.
ClickNext. 6 Thepartitiononwhichyouareinstallingtheguestoperatingsystemshouldbe unmappedinthehost.
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CAUTION
Corruptionispossibleifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifya partitionthatissimultaneouslymountedunderWindows.Sincethe virtualmachineandguestoperatingsystemaccessaphysicaldisk partitionwhilethehostcontinuestorunWindows,itiscriticalthat younotallowthevirtualmachinetomodifyanypartitionmounted bythehostorinusebyanothervirtualmachine.Tosafeguard againstthisproblem,besurethephysicaldiskpartitionyouusefor thevirtualmachineisnotinusebythehost.
UseDiskManagement(Start>Settings>ControlPanel>AdministrativeTools> ComputerManagement>Storage>DiskManagement).Selectthepartitionyou wanttounmap.ChooseAction>AllTasks>ChangeDriveLetterandPath.Click Remove. 7 Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)tochangeany configurationoptionsfromtheWizarddefaultsforexample,tochangethe amountofmemoryallocatedtothevirtualmachine. Atthispointyouarereadytobegininstallingtheguestoperatingsystemontothe physicaldiskyouconfiguredforthevirtualmachine.Formoredetails,readthe installationnotesforvariousguestoperatingsystemsintheVMwareGuest OperatingSystemInstallationGuide,availablefromtheVMwareWebsite.
Configuring a Linux Host

1 Identifytherawpartitiononwhichtoinstalltheguestoperatingsystem. Checktheguestoperatingsystemdocumentationregardingthetypeofpartition onwhichtheoperatingsystemcanbeinstalled.Forexample,operatingsystems likeDOS,Windows95,andWindows98mustbeinstalledonthefirstprimary partitionwhileothers,likeLinux,canbeinstalledonaprimaryorextended partitiononanypartofthedrive. Identifyanappropriaterawpartitionordiskfortheguestoperatingsystemtouse. CheckthattherawpartitionisnotmountedbytheLinuxhostandnotinuseby others.Also,besuretherawpartitionordiskdoesnothavedatayouwillneedin thefuture;ifitdoes,backupthatdatanow. 2 3 Checktheoperatingsystempartitionmounts.Besuretheexistingdiskpartitions thatyouplantouseinthevirtualmachinearenotmountedbyLinux. Setthedevicegroupmembershipordeviceownership. Themasterphysicaldiskdeviceordevicesneedtobereadableandwritablebythe userwhorunsVMwareServer.Onmostdistributions,therawdevices,suchas
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/dev/hda(IDEphysicaldisk)and/dev/sdb(SCSIphysicaldisk)belongtogroupID disk.Ifthisisthecase,youcanaddVMwareServeruserstothediskgroup. Anotheroptionistochangetheownerofthedevice.Thinkcarefullyaboutsecurity issueswhenyouexploredifferentoptionshere. VMwarerecommendsgrantingVMwareServerusersaccesstoall/dev/hd[abcd] rawdevicesthatcontainoperatingsystemsorbootmanagersratherthantorelyon VMwareServersphysicaldiskconfigurationfilestoguardaccess.Thisprovides bootmanagersaccesstoconfigurationandotherfilestheymightneedtobootthe operatingsystems.Forexample,LILOneedstoread/bootonaLinuxpartitionto bootanonLinuxoperatingsystemthatmightbeonanotherdrive. 4 5 6 StarttheNewVirtualMachineWizard(File>New>VirtualMachine)andselect Custom. WhenyoureachtheSelectaDiskstep,selectUseaphysicaldisk. Ifthephysicaldiskyouplantousealreadyhasmultiplepartitions,certain operatingsystems(DOS,Windows95,Windows98)mustbeinstalledonthefirst primarypartition. CAUTION Corruptionispossibleifyouallowthevirtualmachinetomodifya partitionthatissimultaneouslymountedundertheLinuxhost operatingsystem. Becausethevirtualmachineandguestoperatingsystemaccessan existingpartitionwhilethehostcontinuestorunLinux,itiscritical thatthevirtualmachinenotbeallowedtomodifyanypartition mountedbythehostorinusebyanothervirtualmachine.
Tosafeguardagainstthisproblem,besurethepartitionyouuseforthevirtual machineisnotmountedundertheLinuxhost. 7 Atthispointyouarereadytobegininstallingtheguestoperatingsystemonthe physicaldiskyouconfiguredforthevirtualmachine.Formoredetails,readthe installationnotesforvariousguestoperatingsystemsintheVMwareGuest OperatingSystemInstallationGuide,availablefromtheVMwareWebsite.
Disk Performance in Windows NT Guests on Multiprocessor Hosts

Someusershaveexperiencedslowerthanexpecteddiskinputandoutputperformance whenrunningWindowsNTguestoperatingsystems.Usersmightexperiencethe probleminVMwareServervirtualmachinesusingIDEvirtualdisksonmultiprocessor
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hostcomputers.TheI/Oissueisespeciallynoticeablewhenthevirtualmachineis booting. NOTE PerformanceinWindowsNTguestoperatingsystemsmightalsobeaffected bydiskfragmentationonthehostcomputer.Fordetails,seeConfiguringand MaintainingtheHostComputer.
Improving Performance
YoucanincreaseperformancebyenablingDMA(directmemoryaccess)onthevirtual harddisksIDEchannelinthevirtualmachine. IfyouhaveavirtualdiskandaDVD/CDROMattachedasmasterandslavetothe primaryIDEcontroller(channel0)andyouwanttoenableDMA,poweroffthevirtual machineandusethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)tomovethe DVD/CDROMdrivetothesecondaryIDEcontroller(channel1)atIDE1:0. YoucanenabletheDMAfeatureafteryoufinishinstallingWindowsNT.Youmust installServicePack3orhigherinthevirtualmachinetoenablethisoption. AfterthevirtualmachineisrunningWindowsNT,insertanSP3orSP4CDinthedrive andrunDMACHECK.EXEfromthe\SUPPORT\UTILS\I386folderontheCD.Ordownload DMACHECK.EXEfromtheMicrosoftWebsite (support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q191/7/74.ASP). ClicktheEnabledoptionfortheIDEcontrollerandchannelconfiguredforthevirtual disk.Typically,thisischannel0only,unlessyouhavethevirtualmachineconfigured withmultiplevirtualdisksandnovirtualDVD/CDROMdrive. Asnotedabove,youshouldnotenableDMAonanIDEchannelwithavirtual DVD/CDROMdriveattached.
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C HAPTER 7
Networking
Thischapterdescribeshowtousevirtualnetworkingcomponentstocreateawide rangeofconfigurationsandcoversthefollowingtopics:
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ComponentsoftheVirtualNetworkonpage 153 CommonNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 155 CustomNetworkingConfigurationsonpage 159 ChangingtheNetworkingConfigurationonpage 162 AdvancedNetworkingTopicsonpage 171 UnderstandingNATonpage 190 UsingSambaforFileSharingonaLinuxHostonpage 201
WhenyoucreateavirtualmachinewiththeNewVirtualMachineWizard,youcan chooseanyofthecommonconfigurationsbridgednetworking,networkaddress translation(NAT),andhostonlynetworking.TheWizardconnectsthevirtualmachine totheappropriatevirtualnetwork. Youcansetupmorespecializedconfigurationsbychoosingtheappropriatesettingsin thevirtualmachinesettingseditor,intheVirtualNetworkEditor(onMicrosoft Windowshosts)andonyourhostcomputer. OnaWindowshost,thesoftwareneededforallnetworkingconfigurationsisinstalled whenyouinstallVMwareServer.OnaLinuxhost,allcomponentsareavailableifyou choosetohavebothbridgedandhostonlynetworkingavailabletoyourvirtual machinesatthetimeyouinstallVMwareServer.
Components of the Virtual Network

Thefollowingitemsarecomponentsofavirtualnetwork: Virtual switch Likeaphysicalswitch,avirtualswitchletsyouconnectother networkingcomponentstogether.TheVMwareServersoftwarecreatesvirtual switchesasneeded.Windowshostssupportasmanyas10switches,whileLinuxhosts supportasmanyas100switches.Youcanconnectoneormorevirtualmachinestoa switch.
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Severaloftheswitchesandthenetworksassociatedwiththemare,bydefault,usedfor specialnamedconfigurations.ThebridgednetworknormallyusesVMnet0.The hostonlynetworkusesVMnet1bydefault.TheNATnetworkusesVMnet8bydefault. TheotheravailablenetworksarenamedVMnet2,VMnet3,VMnet4,andsoon. Youconnectavirtualmachinetoaswitchbyselectingthevirtualnetworkadapterto connectinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,andconfiguringittousethevirtual network. Bridge ThebridgeletsyouconnectyourvirtualmachinetotheLANusedbyyour hostcomputer.Itconnectsthevirtualnetworkadapterinyourvirtualmachinetothe physicalEthernetadapterinyourhostcomputer. ThebridgeisinstalledduringVMwareServerinstallation(onaLinuxhost,youmust choosetomakebridgednetworkingavailabletoyourvirtualmachines).Itissetup whenyoucreateanewvirtualmachineusingbridgednetworking. Youcansetupadditionalvirtualbridgestouseincustomconfigurationsthatrequire connectionstomorethanonephysicalEthernetadapteronthehostcomputer. Host virtual adapter ThehostvirtualadapterisavirtualEthernetadapterthat appearstoyourhostoperatingsystemasaVMwarevirtualEthernetadapterona WindowshostandasahostonlyinterfaceonaLinuxhost.Itallowsyouto communicatebetweenyourhostcomputerandthevirtualmachinesonthathost computer.ThehostvirtualadapterisusedinhostonlyandNATconfigurations. Thehostvirtualadapterisnotconnectedtoanyexternalnetworkunlessyousetup specialsoftwareonthehostcomputeraproxyserver,forexampletoconnectthe hostonlyadaptertothephysicalnetworkadapter. ThesoftwarethatcreatesthehostvirtualadapterisinstalledwhenyouinstallVMware Server(onaLinuxhost,youmustchoosetomakehostonlynetworkingavailableto yourvirtualmachines).Ahostvirtualadapteriscreatedwhenyoubootthehost computer. Youcansetupadditionalhostvirtualadaptersasneeded. NAT device TheNAT(networkaddresstranslation)deviceallowsyoutoconnect yourvirtualmachinestoanexternalnetworkwhenyouhaveonlyoneIPnetwork addressonthephysicalnetwork,andthataddressisusedbythehostcomputer.You can,forexample,useNATtoconnectyourvirtualmachinestotheInternetthrougha dialupconnectiononthehostcomputerorthroughthehostcomputersEthernet adapterorwirelessEthernetadapter.NATisalsousefulwhenyouneedtoconnectto anonEthernetnetwork,suchasTokenRingorATM. TheNATdeviceissetupautomaticallywhenyouinstallVMwareServer.(OnaLinux host,youmustchoosetomakeNATavailabletoyourvirtualmachines.)
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Chapter 7 Networking
DHCP server TheDHCP(dynamichostconfigurationprotocol)serverprovidesIP networkaddressestovirtualmachinesinconfigurationsthatarenotbridgedtoan externalnetworkforexample,hostonlyandNATconfigurations. Network adapter Onevirtualnetworkadapterissetupforyourvirtualmachine whenyoucreateitwiththeNewVirtualMachineWizardusinganytypeofnetworking (avirtualnetworkadapterisalwaysaddedtoavirtualmachinecreatedwiththe VMwareManagementInterface).ItappearstotheguestoperatingsystemasanAMD PCNETPCIadapter. Youcancreateandconfigureuptofourvirtualnetworkadaptersineachvirtual machineusingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor. Theadaptercanuseoneoftwodrivers:thevlancedriverandthevmxnetdriver. VMwareServersupportsNICmorphing,whichdynamicallyselectsthedriver.The vlancedriverinstallswhenavirtualmachineisstartedorrebooted.Ifthevirtual machinehasVMwareToolsinstalled,thevmxnetdriverisautomaticallyinstalled. Otherwise,thevlancedriverremainsasthedefault.
Common Networking Configurations

Thefollowingsectionsillustratethenetworkingconfigurationsthataresetupwhen youchoosethestandardnetworkingoptionsintheNewVirtualMachineWizardor virtualmachinesettingseditor.
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BridgedNetworkingonpage 156 NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT)onpage 157 HostOnlyNetworkingonpage 158
Onlyonevirtualmachineisshownineachexample,butmultiplevirtualmachinescan beconnectedtothesamevirtualEthernetswitch.OnaWindowshost,youcanconnect anunlimitednumberofvirtualnetworkdevicestoavirtualswitch.OnaLinuxhost, youcanconnectupto32devices.
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Bridged Networking
Figure 7-1. Bridged networking connects a virtual machine to a network using the host computers Ethernet adapter. BridgednetworkingissetupautomaticallyifyouselectUsebridgednetworkinginthe NewVirtualMachineWizardorifyouselecttheTypicalsetuppath.Thisselectionis availableonaLinuxhostonlyifyouenablethebridgednetworkingoptionwhenyou installVMwareServer. Bridgednetworkingisoftentheeasiestwaytogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothe networkwhenyourhostcomputerisonanEthernetnetwork.OnaWindowshost,you canusebridgednetworkingtoconnecttoeitherawiredorawirelessnetwork.Ona Linuxhost,youcanusebridgednetworkingtoconnecttoawirednetwork. Ifyouusebridgednetworking,yourvirtualmachineneedstohaveitsownidentityon thenetwork.Forexample,onaTCP/IPnetwork,thevirtualmachineneedsitsownIP address.YournetworkadministratorcantellyouwhetherIPaddressesareavailable foryourvirtualmachineandwhatnetworkingsettingsyoushoulduseintheguest operatingsystem.Generally,yourguestoperatingsystemcanacquireanIPaddress andothernetworkdetailsautomaticallyfromaDHCPserver.Youmightneedtosetthe IPaddressandotherdetailsmanuallyintheguestoperatingsystem. Usingbridgednetworkingenablesthevirtualmachinetobeafullparticipantinthe network.Ithasaccesstoothermachinesonthenetworkandcanbecontactedbyother machinesonthenetworkasifitwereaphysicalcomputeronthenetwork. Ifthehostcomputerissetuptobootmultipleoperatingsystemsandyourunoneor moreoftheminvirtualmachines,youneedtoconfigureeachoperatingsystemwitha uniquenetworkaddress.Peoplewhobootmultipleoperatingsystemsoftenassignall systemsthesameaddress,sincetheyassumeonlyoneoperatingsystemwillrunata time.Ifyouuseoneormoreoftheoperatingsystemsinavirtualmachine,this assumptionisnolongertrue.
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Youcansetorchangetheoptiontousebridgednetworkinginthevirtualmachine settingseditor(VM>Settings).Fordetails,seeChangingtheNetworking Configurationonpage 162.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Figure 7-2. NAT gives a virtual machine access to network resources using the host computers IP address. Anetworkaddresstranslationconnectionissetupautomaticallyifyoufollowthe CustompathintheNewVirtualMachineWizardandselectUsenetworkaddress translation. IfyouwanttoconnecttotheInternetorotherTCP/IPnetworkusingthehost computersdialupnetworkingorbroadbandconnectionandyouarenotabletogive yourvirtualmachineanIPaddressontheexternalnetwork,NATisoftentheeasiest waytogiveyourvirtualmachineaccesstothatnetwork. NATalsoallowsyoutoconnecttoaTCP/IPnetworkusingaTokenRingadapteron thehostcomputer.HoweverryourvirtualmachinedoesnothaveitsownIPaddress ontheexternalnetworkifyouuseNAT.Instead,aseparateprivatenetworkissetup onthehostcomputer.Yourvirtualmachinegetsanaddressonthatnetworkfromthe VMwarevirtualDHCPserver.TheVMwareNATdevicepassesnetworkdatabetween oneormorevirtualmachinesandtheexternalnetwork.Itidentifiesincomingdata packetsintendedforeachvirtualmachineandsendsthemtothecorrectdestination. IfyouselectNAT,thevirtualmachinecanusemanystandardTCP/IPprotocolsto connecttoothermachinesontheexternalnetwork.Forexample,youcanuseHTTPto browseWebsites,FTPtotransferfiles,andTelnettologontoothercomputers.Inthe defaultconfiguration,computersontheexternalnetworkcannotinitiateconnectionsto thevirtualmachine.Thatmeans,forexample,thatthedefaultconfigurationdoesnot
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letyouusethevirtualmachineasaWebservertosendWebpagestocomputersonthe externalnetwork. IfyoumakesomeotherselectionintheNewVirtualMachineWizardandlaterdecide touseNAT,youcanmakethatchangeinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM> Settings).Fordetails,seeChangingtheNetworkingConfigurationonpage 162. ForamorethoroughdiscussionofNAT,seeUnderstandingNATonpage 190.
Host-Only Networking
Figure 7-3. Host-only networking creates a network that is completely contained within the host computer. AhostonlynetworkissetupautomaticallyifyouselectUseHostOnlyNetworking intheNewVirtualMachineWizard.OnLinuxhosts,thisselectionisavailableonlyif youenabledthehostonlynetworkingoptionwhenyouinstalledVMwareServer. Hostonlynetworkingprovidesanetworkconnectionbetweenthevirtualmachineand thehostcomputer,usingavirtualEthernetadapterthatisvisibletothehostoperating system.Thisapproachcanbeusefulifyouneedtosetupanisolatedvirtualnetwork. Ifyouusehostonlynetworking,yourvirtualmachineandthehostvirtualadapterare connectedtoaprivateTCP/IPnetwork.Addressesonthisnetworkareprovidedbythe VMwareDHCPserver. IfyoumakesomeotherselectionintheNewVirtualMachineWizardandlaterdecide youwanttousehostonlynetworking,youcanmakethatchangeinthevirtualmachine settingseditor(VM>Settings).Fordetails,seeChangingtheNetworking Configurationonpage 162.
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Routing and Connection Sharing

Ifyouinstalltheproperroutingorproxysoftwareonyourhostcomputer,youcan establishaconnectionbetweenthehostvirtualEthernetadapterandaphysical networkadapteronthehostcomputer.Thisallowsyou,forexample,toconnectthe virtualmachinetoaTokenRingorothernonEthernetnetwork. OnaWindows2000orWindowsServer2003hostcomputer,youcanusehostonly networkingincombinationwiththeInternetconnectionsharingfeatureinWindowsto allowavirtualmachinetousethehostsdialupnetworkingadapterorother connectiontotheInternet.SeeyourWindowsdocumentationfordetailsonconfiguring Internetconnectionsharing.
Custom Networking Configurations

ThevirtualnetworkingcomponentsprovidedbyVMwareServermakeitpossiblefor youtocreatesophisticatedvirtualnetworks.Thevirtualnetworkscanbeconnectedto oneormoreexternalnetworks,ortheycanrunentirelyonthehostcomputer. Settingupnetworkingcomponentsforyourcustomvirtualnetworkisa straightforwardprocess.Beforeattemptingtosetupcomplexvirtualnetworks,you shouldhaveagoodunderstandingofhowtoconfigurenetworkdevicesinyourhost andguestoperatingsystems. Thesampleconfigurationdescribedinthissectionillustratesoneofthemanywaysyou cancombinedevicesonavirtualnetwork.Othercustomconfigurationsaredescribed inAdvancedNetworkingTopicsonpage 171andUnderstandingNATon page 190.
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Figure 7-4. In this custom configuration, a Web server connects through a firewall to an external network. An administrators computer can connect to the Web server through a second firewall. Tosetupthisconfiguration,youmustcreatefourvirtualmachinesandusethevirtual machinesettingseditortoadjustthesettingsfortheirvirtualEthernetadapters.You alsoneedtoinstalltheappropriateguestoperatingsystemsandapplicationsoftware ineachvirtualmachineandmaketheappropriatenetworkingsettingsineachvirtual machine. 1 SetupfourvirtualmachinesusingtheNewVirtualMachineWizard. Createthefirstvirtualmachinewithbridgednetworkingsoitcanconnecttoan externalnetworkusingthehostcomputersEthernetadapter. Createtheotherthreevirtualmachineswithoutnetworking.Youwillsetuptheir virtualEthernetadaptersinlatersteps. 2 LaunchaVMwareServerConsoleandopenvirtualmachine1.Donotpoweron thevirtualmachine.
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Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)toaddasecondvirtual networkadapter,asdescribedinChangingtheNetworkingConfigurationon page 162.ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet2). ClickOKtosavetheconfigurationandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor. 3 Ifaconsoleisnotrunning,launchone.Openvirtualmachine2.Donotpoweron thevirtualmachine. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)toaddavirtualnetwork adapter.ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet2). ClickOKtosavetheconfigurationandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor. 4 Ifaconsoleisnotrunning,launchone.Openvirtualmachine3.Donotpoweron thevirtualmachine. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter.Connect theadaptertoCustom(VMnet2). Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetworkadapter. ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet3). ClickOKtosavetheconfigurationandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor. 5 Ifaconsoleisnotrunning,launchone.Openvirtualmachine4.Donotpoweron thevirtualmachine. Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter.Connect theadaptertoCustom(VMnet3). ClickOKtosavetheconfigurationandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor. 6 DeterminethenetworkaddressesusedforVMnet2andVMnet3. NOTE OnaWindowshost,youcanskipthestepsforconfiguringnetwork addressesmanuallyand,instead,useVMwareServersDHCPserver. ChooseHost>VirtualNetworkSettings>DHCPandaddVMnet2and VMnet3tothelistofvirtualnetworksservedbythevirtualDHCPserver. Thenskiptostep9.
OnaWindowshost,openacommandpromptonthehostcomputerandrun ipconfig /all.Notethenetworkaddressesusedbyeachvirtualadapter. OnaLinuxhost,runifconfigattheconsoleorinaterminalwindowonthehost computer.Notethenetworkaddressesusedbyeachvirtualswitch. 7 Launchaconsole,openeachvirtualmachineinturnandinstalltheappropriate guestoperatingsystem.

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Configurethenetworkingineachguestoperatingsystem. ForthebridgedEthernetadapterinvirtualmachine1,usethenetworkingsettings neededforaconnectiontotheexternalnetwork.IfthevirtualmachinegetsitsIP addressfromaDHCPserverontheexternalnetwork,thedefaultsettingsshould work. ForthesecondEthernetadapterinvirtualmachine1,manuallyassignanIP addressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2. Invirtualmachine2,assignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2. Invirtualmachine3,networkadaptersareconnectedtoVMnet2andVMnet3. AssigneachadapteranIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwiththevirtual networktowhichitisconnected. Invirtualmachine4,assignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet3.
Installthenecessaryapplicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachine.
Changing the Networking Configuration

Usingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings),youcanchangethe configurationofyourvirtualnetworksby
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AddingandModifyingVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 162 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingOptionsonaWindowsHostonpage 164 Enabling,Disabling,Adding,andRemovingHostVirtualAdaptersonpage 168
Adding and Modifying Virtual Network Adapters

YoucanaddneworconfigureexistingvirtualnetworkadaptersfromtheVMware ServerConsoleandfromtheVMwareManagementInterface.Thesettingsyoucan configureincludethevirtualnetworkdevicetowhichthevirtualmachineisboundand thenetworkdriverituses. VMwareServersupportstwonetworkdriversforavirtualnetworkadapter,thevlance driverandthevmxnetdriver.VMwareServerautomaticallyselectsthenetworkdriver basedontheconfigurationonyourvirtualmachine.Thevlancedriverinstallswhena virtualmachineisstartedorrebooted.IfthevirtualmachinehasVMwareTools installed,thevmxnetdriverisautomaticallyinstalled.Otherwise,thevlancedriver remainsasthedefault.
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To add and configure a virtual network adapter from the Console

1 1 2 3 Poweroffthevirtualmachine. Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.ChooseVM>Settings. ClickAdd. TheAddHardwareWizardstarts.SelectEthernetAdapter.ClickNext.The NetworkTypescreenappears.
SpecifythetypeofnetworkingthisvirtualNICuses.SelectBridged,NAT, Hostonly,CustomorNamed. IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnetvirtualnetworkyouwanttouseforthe networkfromthedropdownlist. NOTE AlthoughVMnet0,VMnet1,andVMnet8areavailableinthislist,theyare normallyusedforbridged,hostonly,andNATconfigurations, respectively.Specialstepsarerequiredtomakethemavailableforusein customconfigurations.Youshouldchooseoneoftheotherswitches.
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ClickFinish.Thenewadapterisadded. ClickOKtosaveyourconfigurationandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
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To change the configuration of an existing virtual network adapter 1 2 Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.ChooseVM>Settings. Selecttheadapteryouwanttomodify.
SpecifythetypeofnetworkingthisvirtualNICuses.SelectBridged,NAT, Hostonly,CustomorNamed. IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnetvirtualnetworkyouwanttouseforthe networkfromthedropdownlist.
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ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor. BesuretheguestoperatingsystemisconfiguredtouseanappropriateIPaddress onthenewnetwork.IftheguestisusingDHCP,releaseandrenewthelease.Ifthe IPaddressissetstatically,besuretheguesthasanaddressonthecorrectvirtual network. Ifyouselectedacustomnetwork,selectthespecificvirtualnetworkfromthelist.
Configuring Bridged Networking Options on a Windows Host

Youcanviewandchangethesettingsforbridgednetworkingonyourhost.These changesaffectallvirtualmachinesusingbridgednetworkingonthehost. Youcandecidewhichnetworkadaptersonyourhosttouseforbridgednetworking. Youcanmapspecificnetworkadapterstospecificvirtualnetworks(VMnets). To configure bridged networking options on a Windows host 1 2 LaunchaVMwareServerConsole. ChooseHost>VirtualNetworkSettings.
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TheVirtualNetworkEditorappears,withtheSummarytabactive.
Bydefault,theVMnet0virtualnetworkissetupinbridgedmodeandbridgesto oneoftheactiveEthernetadaptersonthehostcomputer. Thechoiceofwhichadapteritusesisarbitrary.VMwarerecommendsthatyoulet VMwareServerchooseanavailablephysicalnetworkadapterforbridging,asit providesfaulttolerance.Ifanetworkadapterbecomesunavailable(forexample, ifitisunpluggedorremovedfromthehost),thenetworkbridgeautomatically switchestoanothernetworkadapteronthehost. YoucanrestricttherangeofchoicesbyusingoptionsontheAutomaticBridging tab. (AlsoshownareVMnet1,thedefaultvirtualnetworkforhostonlynetworking, andVMnet8,thedefaultvirtualnetworkforNAT,iftheyareenabledinVMware Server.)
ToexcludeoneormorephysicalEthernetadaptersfromthelisttowhichVMnet0 canbebridged,clicktheAutomaticBridgingtab.
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ToexcludeanEthernetadapter,clickAddtoaddittothelistofexcludeddevices.
IntheChooseNetworkAdaptersdialogbox,selectthelistingfortheadapteryou wanttoexclude,thenclickOK. Toremoveanadapterfromthelistofexcludedadapters,selectitsnameinthelist, andclickRemove.
Ifyouareusingteamednetworkadaptersonyourhost,youcanexcludethe physicalnetworkadaptersfrombridgednetworking.Forinformationabout teamednetworkadapters,seeConfiguringBridgedNetworkingWhenUsing TeamedNetworkInterfaceCardsonpage 180. 5 TodesignateaphysicalEthernetadaptertobeusedforbridgednetworkingon virtualswitchesnamedVMnet2VMnet7,clicktheHostVirtualNetwork Mappingtab.
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Chooseanadapterfromthedropdownlistbesidethenameofthevirtualswitch youwanttouse. Ifyouareusingteamednetworkadaptersonyourhost,youcanchoosetheteamed NICforVMnet0. CAUTION Becarefulwhenyouchangethebridgedadaptermappings.Ifyou reassignaphysicalEthernetadaptertoadifferentvirtualnetwork, anyvirtualmachineusingtheoriginalnetworklosesitsnetwork connectivitythroughthatnetwork.Youmustthenchangethesetting foreachaffectedvirtualmachinesnetworkadapterindividually. Thiscanbeespeciallytroublesomeifyourhosthasonlyonephysical EthernetadapterandyoureassignittoaVMnetotherthanVMnet0. EventhoughtheVMnetstillappearstobebridgedtoan automaticallychosenadapter,theonlyadapteritcanusehasbeen assignedtoanotherVMnet.
TomakechangestothesubnetortheDHCPsettingsforavirtualnetwork,click thebuttonontherightthatcorrespondstothevirtualnetworkyouwantto configure,thenchooseSubnetorDHCP.
ChangingtheSubnet IntheSubnetdialogbox,youcanchangethesubnetsIPaddressandthesubnet mask.
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Theaddressshouldspecifyavalidnetworkaddressthatissuitableforusewiththe subnetmask. Thedefaultsubnetmaskis255.255.255.0(aclassCnetwork).Typically,thismeans youshouldmodifyonlythethirdnumberintheIPaddressforexample,xin 192.168.x.0or172.16.x.0.Ingeneral,youshouldnotchangethesubnetmask. Certainvirtualnetworkservicesmaynotworkaswellwithacustomizedsubnet mask. Whenyoumodifythenetworkaddressorsubnetmask,VMwareServer automaticallyupdatestheIPaddresssettingsforothercomponentssuchas DHCP,NATandhostvirtualadapteronthatvirtualnetworktoreflectthenew settings.ThespecificsettingsthatareautomaticallyupdatedincludeDHCPlease range,DHCPserveraddress,NATgatewayaddressandhostvirtualadapterIP address.However,ifyouhavechangedanyofthesesettingsfromitsdefaultvalue evenifyouhavelaterchangedthesettingbacktothedefaultVMwareServer doesnotupdatethatsettingautomatically.Itpresumesthatcustomsettingsare nottobemodified. ChangingDHCPSettings IntheDHCPsettingsdialogbox,youcanchangetherangeofIPaddresses providedbytheDHCPserveronaparticularvirtualnetwork.Youcanalsosetthe durationofleasesprovidedtoclientsonthevirtualnetwork.
WhenyouhavemadeallthechangesyouwanttomakeonalltabsoftheVMware NetworkEditor,clickOK.
Enabling, Disabling, Adding, and Removing Host Virtual Adapters

WhenyouinstallVMwareServer,twonetworkadaptersareaddedtotheconfiguration ofyourhostoperatingsystemonethatallowsthehosttoconnecttothehostonly networkandonethatallowsthehosttoconnecttotheNATnetwork.
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Ifyouarenotusingtheseadapters,youcanremovethem(usersonWindowshostscan disabletheadaptersinsteadofremovingthem).Thepresenceoftheseadaptershasa slightperformancecost,becausebroadcastpacketsmustgototheextraadapters.On Windowsnetworks,browsingyournetworkcanbeslowerthanusual.Andinsome cases,theseadaptersinteractwiththehostcomputersnetworkingconfigurationin undesirableways.
To disable a host virtual adapter on a Windows host

1 2 UsetheVirtualNetworkEditortodisableanyunwantedadapters. ChooseHost>VirtualNetworkSettings>HostVirtualAdapters.
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Selecttheadapteryouwanttodisable. ClickDisableadapter. ClickOK.
To enable a disabled host virtual adapter on a Windows host

1 2 3 4 ChooseHost>VirtualNetworkSettings>HostVirtualAdapters. Selectthedisabledadapteryouwanttoenable. ClickEnableadapter. ClickOK.
To add a host virtual adapter on a Windows host

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ChooseHost>VirtualNetworkSettings>HostVirtualAdapters. ClickAddnewadapter. ChoosethevirtualnetworkonwhichyouwanttousetheadapterandclickOK. ClickApply.

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ClickOKtoclosetheVirtualNetworkEditor.
To remove a host virtual adapter on a Windows host

1 ChooseHost>VirtualNetworkSettings>HostVirtualAdapters.
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Selecttheadapteryouwanttoremove,thenclickRemoveadapter. ClickOK.
Removing a Host Virtual Adapter from a Linux Host

FollowthesestepstoremoveahostvirtualadapterfromaLinuxhost. 1 BecomerootandruntheVMwareServerconfigurationprogram. su vmware-config.pl CAUTION InordertoconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,the vmware-config.plconfigurationprogramrequiresallvirtual machinestobeshutdown.Theprogramshutsdownanyrunning virtualmachinesautomatically.
Watchforthefollowingquestion: Do you want networking for your Virtual Machines? (yes/no/help) [yes] Answeryesifyoustillwanttouseanynetworkinginyourvirtualmachines,then continuetothenextquestion. Otherwise,answernotoremoveallnetworking.
Ifyouansweryes,thescriptpromptsyoutoselecttheWizardoreditortoedityour networkconfiguration.Selecteditor.Thisistheonlywaytodeletevirtual networkadapterswithoutremovingallofthem.
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Would you prefer to modify your existing networking configuration using the wizard or the editor? (wizard/editor/help) [wizard] editor 4 Youseealistofvirtualnetworksthathavebeenconfigured.Selectthenetwork correspondingtotheadapteryouwishtodisable. The following virtual networks have been defined: . vmnet0 is bridged to eth0 . vmnet1 is a host-only network on subnet 172.16.155.0. . vmnet8 is NAT network on a private subnet 172.16.107.0. Which virtual network do you wish to configure? (0-99) 1 5 Youmightbepromptedtokeepthisvirtualnetwork.Ifyouaresureyouwantto removeit,answeryestothequestion. The network vmnet1 has been reserved for a host-only network. You may change it, but it is highly recommended that you use it as a host-only network. Are you sure you want to modify it? (yes/no) [no] yes 6 Whenpromptedaboutthetypeofvirtualnetwork,selectnonetoremovethe virtualnetwork. What type of virtual network do you wish to set vmnet1? (bridged,hostonly,nat,none) [hostonly] none
Advanced Networking Topics

Thefollowingsectionsdescribeadvancednetworkingtopics:
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SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationon page 172 AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetworkonpage 174 MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineonpage 176 ControllingRoutingforaHostOnlyNetworkonaLinuxHostonpage 177 IssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonaLinuxHostonpage 178 SettingUpaSecondBridgedNetworkInterfaceonaLinuxHostonpage 179 ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingWhenUsingTeamedNetworkInterface Cardsonpage 180 SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworksonpage 182
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RoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworksonpage 185 UsingVirtualEthernetAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHost
Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration

Ahostonlynetworkusesaprivatevirtualnetwork.Thehostandallvirtualmachines configuredforhostonlynetworkingareconnectedtothenetworkthroughavirtual switch.TypicallyallthepartiesonthisprivatenetworkusetheTCP/IPprotocolsuite, althoughothercommunicationprotocolscanbeused. Anetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)configurationalsosetsupaprivatenetwork, whichmustbeaTCP/IPnetwork.ThevirtualmachinesconfiguredforNATare connectedtothatnetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Thehostcomputerisalso connectedtotheprivatenetworkusedforNATthroughahostvirtualadapter. Eachvirtualmachineandthehostmustbeassignedaddressesontheprivatenetwork. ThisistypicallydoneusingtheDHCPserverthatcomeswithVMwareServer.Note thatthisserverdoesnotservicevirtual(orphysical)machinesresidingonbridged networks. Addressescanalsobeassignedstaticallyfromapoolofaddressesthatarenotassigned bytheDHCPserver. IfhostonlynetworkingisenabledwhenVMwareServerisinstalled,thenetwork numbertouseforthevirtualnetworkisautomaticallyselectedasanunusedprivateIP networknumber.TofindoutwhichnetworkisusedonaWindowshost,chooseHost >VirtualNetworkSettingsandcheckthesubnetnumberassociatedwiththevirtual network.OnaLinuxhost,runifconfiginaterminal. ANATconfigurationalsousesanunusedprivatenetworkautomaticallyselected whenyouinstallVMwareServer.TofindoutwhichnetworkisusedonaWindows host,chooseHost>VirtualNetworkSettingsandcheckthesubnetnumberassociated withthevirtualnetwork.OnaLinuxhost,runifconfiginaterminal. UsingDHCPtoassignIPaddressesissimplerthanstaticallyassigningthem.Most Windowsoperatingsystems,forexample,comepreconfiguredtouseDHCPatboot time,soWindowsvirtualmachinescanconnecttothenetworkthefirsttimetheyare booted,withoutadditionalconfiguration.Ifyouwantyourvirtualmachinesto communicatewitheachotherusingnamesinsteadofIPaddresses,however,youmust setupanamingconvention,anameserverontheprivatenetwork,orboth.Inthatcase itmightbesimplertousestaticIPaddresses. Ingeneral,ifyouhavevirtualmachinesyouintendtousefrequentlyorforextended periodsoftime,itisprobablymostconvenienttoassignthemstaticIPaddressesorto
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configuretheVMwareDHCPservertoalwaysassignthesameIPaddresstoeachof thesevirtualmachines.
To configure the DHCP server on a Linux host

1 2 OnaLinuxhost,configurethehostonlyDHCPserverbyeditingtheDHCP configurationfileforVMnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcp/dhcp.conf). ToconfiguretheDHCPserverfortheNATnetwork,edittheconfigurationfilefor VMnet8(/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf). EditingtheDHCPserverconfigurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbest obtaineddirectlyfromtheDHCPserverdocumentation. 3 Consultthemanualpagesdhcpd(8)anddhcpd.conf(8).
To configure the DHCP server on a Windows host

1 OnaWindowshost,youconfiguretheDHCPserverusingtheVirtualNetwork Editor(Host>VirtualNetworkSettings>DHCP).
Selectthevirtualnetworkforwhichyouwanttochangesettingsandclick Properties.
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Makethedesiredchanges,thenclickOK.
Choosing the Method for Assigning IP Addresses

Forvirtualmachinesthatyoudonotexpecttokeepforlong,useDHCPandletit allocateanIPaddress. ForeachhostonlyorNATnetwork,theavailableIPaddressesaresplitupusingthe conventionsshowninthetablesbelow,where<net>isthenetworknumberassignedto yourhostonlyorNATnetwork.VMwareServeralwaysusesaClassCaddressfor hostonlyandNATnetworks. Table 7-1. Address Use on a Host-Only Network Range
<net>.1 <net>.2<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 <net>.254 <net>.255
Address use
Hostmachine Staticaddresses DHCPassigned DHCPserver Broadcasting
Example
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
Table 7-2. Address Use on a NAT Network Range

<net>.1 <net>.2 <net>.3<net>.127 <net>.128<net>.253 <net>.254 <net>.255
Address use
Hostmachine NATdevice Staticaddresses DHCPassigned DHCPserver Broadcasting
Example
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3192.168.0.127 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network

Bydesign,eachhostonlynetworkshouldbeconfinedtothehostmachineonwhichit issetup.Thatis,nopacketssentbyvirtualmachinesonthisnetworkshouldleakout toaphysicalnetworkattachedtothehost.Packetleakagecanoccuronlyifamachine activelyforwardspackets.Itispossibleforthehostmachineoranyvirtualmachine runningonthehostonlynetworktobeconfiguredinawaythatpermitspacket leakage.
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Windows Hosts
SystemsusingserverversionsofWindows2000arecapableofforwardingIPpackets thatarenotaddressedtothem.Bydefault,however,thesesystemscomewithIPpacket forwardingdisabled. IfyoufindpacketsleakingoutofahostonlynetworkonaWindows2000host computer,checktoseewhetherforwardinghasbeenenabledonthehostmachine.Ifit isenabled,disableit. ChooseStart>Programs>AdministrativeTools>RoutingandRemoteAccess.An iconontheleftislabeledwiththehostname.Ifagreendotappearsovertheicon,IP forwardingisturnedon.Toturnitoff,rightclicktheiconanddisableRoutingand RemoteAccess.Areddotappears,indicatingthatIPforwardingisdisabled.
Linux Hosts
IfyoufindpacketsleakingoutofahostonlynetworkonaLinuxhostcomputer,check toseewhetherforwardinghasmistakenlybeenenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitis enabled,disableit. FormanyLinuxsystems,disableforwardingbywritinga0(zero)tothespecialfile /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward.Asroot,enterthiscommand: echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward OtherLinuxsystemshaveasystemconfigurationoptionthatyoucanset.Themethod dependsonyourLinuxdistribution.Youcanuseacontrolpanel,specifyasettingatthe timeyoucompileyourkernel,orpossiblyenteraspecificationwhenyoubootyour system.Consultyouroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonthemethodtouse withyourparticulardistribution.
Using Filtering
Ifthehostcomputerhasmultiplenetworkadapters,itmightbeintentionally configuredtodoIPforwarding.Inthiscase,youdonotwanttodisableforwarding.To avoidpacketleakage,youmustenableapacketfilteringfacilityandspecifythat packetsfromthehostonlynetworkshouldnotbesentoutsidethehostcomputer. Consultyouroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonhowtoconfigurepacket filtering.
Leaks from a Virtual Machine

Virtualmachinesmightleakpackets,aswell.Forexample,ifyouusedialup networkingsupportinavirtualmachineandpacketforwardingisenabled,hostonly networktrafficmightleakoutthroughthedialupconnection.
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Topreventtheleakage,besurepacketforwardingisdisabledinyourguestoperating system.
Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine

Whenavirtualmachineispoweredon,VMwareServerautomaticallyassignseachof itsvirtualnetworkadaptersanEthernetMACaddress.MACstandsformediaaccess control.AMACaddressistheuniqueaddressassignedtoeachEthernetdevice. ThesoftwareguaranteesthatvirtualmachinesareassigneduniqueMACaddresses withinagivenhostsystem.Inmostcases,thevirtualmachineisassignedthesame MACaddresseverytimeitispoweredon,solongasthevirtualmachineisnotmoved (thepathandfilenameforthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfilemustremainthe same)andnochangesaremadetocertainsettingsinthatfile. Inaddition,VMwareServerdoesitsbest,butcannotguarantee,toautomaticallyassign uniqueMACaddressesforvirtualmachinesrunningonmultiplehostsystems.
Avoiding MAC Address Changes

ToavoidchangesintheMACaddressautomaticallyassignedtoavirtualmachine,you mustnotmovethevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.Movingittoadifferenthost computerorevenmovingittoadifferentlocationonthesamehostcomputerchanges theMACaddress. Youalsoneedtobesurenottochangecertainsettingsinthevirtualmachines configurationfiles.Ifyoudonotedittheconfigurationfilebyhandanddonotremove thevirtualEthernetadapter,thesesettingsremainuntouched.Ifyoudoeditthe configurationfilebyhand,besurenottoremoveorchangethefollowingoptions: ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset uuid.location uuid.bios ethernet[n].present Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualEthernetadapter,forexample ethernet0. NOTE TopreserveavirtualEthernetadaptersMACaddress,youalsomustbe carefulnottoremoveit.Ifyouremovetheadapter,thenrecreateit,itmight beassignedadifferentMACaddress.
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Manually Assigning a MAC Address

IfyouwanttoguaranteethatthesameMACaddressisassignedtoagivenvirtual machineeverytime,evenifthevirtualmachineismoved,orifyouwanttoguarantee auniqueMACaddressforeachvirtualmachinewithinanetworkedenvironment,you canassigntheaddressmanuallyinsteadoflettingVMwareServerassignit automatically. Toassignthesame,uniqueMACaddresstoanyvirtualmachinemanually,useatext editortoremovethreelinesfromtheconfigurationfileandaddoneline.The configurationfilehasa.vmxextensionattheendofthefilename.OnaLinuxhost,a virtualmachinecreatedwithanearlierVMwareproductmighthaveaconfiguration filewitha.cfgextension. Removethethreelinesthatbeginwiththefollowing: ethernet[n].generatedAddress ethernet[n].addressType ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualEthernetadapterforexample ethernet0. Addthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfile: ethernet0.address = 00:50:56:XX:YY:ZZ Inthisline,XXmustbeavalidhexadecimalnumberbetween00hand3Fh,andYYand ZZmustbevalidhexadecimalnumbersbetween00handFFh.BecauseVMwareServer virtualmachinesdonotsupportarbitraryMACaddresses,youmustusetheabove format. SolongasyouchooseavalueforXX:YY:ZZthatisuniqueamongyourhardcoded addresses(whereXXisavalidhexadecimalnumberbetween00hand3Fh,andYYand ZZarevalidhexadecimalnumbersbetween00handFFh),conflictsbetweenthe automaticallyassignedMACaddressesandthemanuallyassignedonesshouldnever occur.
Controlling Routing for a Host-Only Network on a Linux Host

Ahostonlynetworkisafullfledgednetwork.Ithasanetworkinterfaceassociated withit(VMnet1)thatismarkedupatthetimethehostoperatingsystemisbooted. Consequently,routingserverprocessesthatoperateonthehostoperatingsystem,such asroutedandgated,automaticallydiscoverthenetworkandpropagateinformationon howtoreachitunlessyouexplicitlyconfigurethemnottodoso.
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Ifeitheroftheseprocessesisbeingrunonlytoreceiveroutinginformation,theeasiest solutionistoruntheprocesswitha-qoptionsothatitdoesnotsupplyrouting information,onlyreceivesit. If,however,theprocessesarerunningbecausetheysupplyroutinginformation,you needtoconfigurethemsotheydonotadvertiseroutestothehostonlynetwork. TheversionofroutedthatcomeswithmanydistributionsofLinuxhasnosupportfor specifyingthataninterfaceshouldnotbeadvertised.Consulttherouted(8)manual pageforyoursystemincaseyouhaveamorecontemporaryversionofthesoftware. Thegatedprocessrequiressomeconfiguration.Youneedtoexplicitlyexcludethe VMnet1interfacefromanyprotocolactivity.Ifyouneedtorunvirtualmachinesona hostonlynetworkonamultihomedsystemwheregatedisusedandhaveproblems doingso,pleasecontactVMwaretechnicalsupportbysubmittingasupportrequestat www.vmware.com/requestsupport.
Issues with Host-Only Networking on a Linux Host

Thefollowingarecommonissuesyoumightencounterwhenyouareconfiguringa hostonlynetwork.
DHCPD on the Linux Host Does Not Work After VMware Server Installation
IfyouwererunningtheDHCPserverprogramdhcpdonyourmachinebeforeinstalling VMwareServer,itprobablywasconfiguredtorespondtoDHCPrequestsfromclients onanynetworkinterfacepresentonthemachine.Whenhostonlynetworkingis configured,anadditionalnetworkinterface,VMnet1,ismarkedupandavailablefor use,anddhcpdmightnoticethis. Insuchcases,somedhcpdimplementationsabortiftheirconfigurationfilesdonot includeasubnetspecificationfortheinterfaceevenifdhcpdisnotsupposedto respondtomessagesthatarrivethroughtheinterface. Thebestsolutiontothisproblemistoaddalineinthefollowingformattothedhcpd configurationfile: subnet <net>.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {} <net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourhostonlynetworkforexample, 192.168.0.Thisconfigurationfileentryinformsdhcpdaboutthehostonlynetworkand tellsitexplicitlynottorespondtoanyDHCPrequestsitseescomingfromit.
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Analternativesolutionistoexplicitlystatethesetofnetworkinterfacesthatyouwant dhcpdtolistentoeachtimeyoustarttheprogram.Forexample,ifyourmachinehasone Ethernetinterface,eth0,theneachtimeyoustartdhcpd,listitonthecommandline: dhcpd eth0 Thiskeepsdhcpdfromprobingforallavailablenetworkinterfaces. IftheabovesolutionsdonotworkforyourDHCPserverprogram,thenitlikelyisold. YoucantryupgradingtoamorecurrentversionsuchastheDHCPsoftwareavailable fromtheISCWebsiteatwww.isc.org.
DHCP and Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)

DHCPcanbeusedtohandoutIPaddressesaswellasotherinformation,suchasthe identityofahostrunninganameserverandthenearestrouterorgateway.TheDHCP serverinVMwareServerdoesnotprovideameanstodynamicallyestablisha relationshipbetweentheIPaddressitassignsandaclientsname(thatis,toupdatea DNSserverusingDDNS). Ifyouwanttousenamestocommunicatewithothervirtualmachines,youmusteither edittheDHCPconfigurationfileforVMnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1.conf)oruseIP addressesthatarestaticallyboundtoahostname.EditingtheDHCPserver configurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtaineddirectlyfromtheDHCP serverdocumentation.Consultthemanualpagesdhcpd(8)anddhcpd.conf(8).
Setting Up a Second Bridged Network Interface on a Linux Host

IfyourhostcomputerhastwoEthernetadaptersconnectedtotwodifferentnetworks, youcanconfigureyourvirtualmachinesonthathostcomputertobridgetoboth Ethernetadapters.Thatway,thevirtualmachinescanaccesseitherorbothphysical networks. WhenyouinstallVMwareServeronahostcomputerwithmultipleEthernetadapters, youhavetheoptionofconfiguringmorethanonebridgednetwork.Youcanalso configureadditionalbridgednetworksatanytimebyrerunningvmware-config.pl. 1 Onthehostcomputer,becomeroot(su -)andruntheVMwareServer configurationprogram. vmware-config.pl CAUTION ToconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,thevmware-config.pl configurationprogramrequiresallvirtualmachinestobeshut down.Theprogramshutsdownanyrunningvirtualmachines automatically.
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IfyouhavemorethanonephysicalEthernetadapter,oneofthepromptsyousee issimilartothis: The following bridged networks have been defined: . vmnet0 is bridged to eth0 Do you wish to configure another bridged network? (yes/no) [no] Answeryes.
IfyouhaveadditionalphysicalEthernetadaptersnotyetconnectedtoabridged network,thepromptisrepeated,showinginformationaboutallcurrently configuredbridgednetworks. Whenyouhavesetupallthebridgednetworksyouwant,typeno.
Configuring Bridged Networking When Using Teamed Network Interface Cards

Networkadapterteaming(wheretwoormorenetworkinterfacecardsworkasoneand appearasasingle,separatedevice)providesaVMwareServerhostandthevirtual machinesrunningonitwithalevelofnetworkhardwarefaulttolerance.Ifonephysical networkadapterfails,thennetworktrafficforthehostandvirtualmachinescan continueusingtheremainingnetworkadaptersintheteam. Anothermethodforprovidingfaulttoleranceisbymakingsurethatautomatic bridgingisenabled.ThisfeatureisavailableonWindowshostsonlyandisenabledby default.Formoreinformation,seeConfiguringBridgedNetworkingOptionsona WindowsHostonpage 164.ThismethodismorelimitedthanusingNICteaming,as itdoesnotallowforloadbalancing,switchfaulttolerance,faulttolerancetoany necessaryservicesrunningonthehost,ortheabilitytospecifyanadapterasthe primaryorsecondaryadapter. CertainNICteamingmodesprovideloadbalancingandarediscussedbelow. IfyourVMwareServerhostisconfiguredtouseteamednetworkinterfacecards,and youusebridgednetworkingwithyourvirtualmachines,youneedtoadjustyour networksettings.YoudothisbybindingtheVMwareBridgeProtocoltotheteamed NICandunbindingitfromeachindividual,physicalNIConthehost.SeeSettingUp theWindowsHostonpage 181. BeforeyoustartusingteamedNICstonetworkyourvirtualmachines,youshouldhave agoodunderstandingofhownetworkteamingworksinyourhostenvironment.
Support for Network Adapter Teaming

VMwaresupportsteamedNICsonWindowshostswithenterpriseclassnetwork adaptersthatcanbeconfiguredforNICteaming.Ifthereisaspecificteamed
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networkingmode(suchas802.3adDynamicor802.3adDraftStaticmode)youwantto use,youshoulduseadaptersthatsupportthatmode. VMwarehasnottestedanddoesnotsupportnetworkadapterteamswithVMware ServeronLinuxhosts. VMwareServersupportsteamedBroadcombasednetworkadapterswhenusedwith Broadcomteamingsoftwareinthefollowingmodes:

! ! !
GenericTrunking(FEC/GEC/802.3adDraftStatic) LinkAggregation(802.3ad) SmartLoadBalanceandFailOver
VMwareServersupportsteamedIntelbasednetworkadapterswhenusedwithIntel PROSetversion6.4orhigher(32bithosts)orPROSetversion10.0orhigher(64bit hosts)inthefollowingmodes:

! ! ! ! ! !
AdapterFaultTolerance AdaptiveLoadBalancing StaticLinkAggregation(64bithosts) FEC/802.3adStaticLinkAggregation(32bithosts) GEC/802.3adStaticLinkAggregation(32bithosts) IEEE802.3adDynamicLinkAggregation ExpressTeamingmodeisnotsupportedwhenyouareteamingIntelbased networkadapters.
NOTE
Setting Up the Windows Host

WhenusingVMwareServeronaWindowshostwithteamednetworkadaptersand bridgednetworking,theVMwareBridgeProtocolmustbeboundtotheteamed networkadapterandunboundfromtheindividualphysicalnetworkadapters. To set up bridged networking on a Windows host 1 OpentheWindowsControlPanel,andopenNetworkConnections(onaWindows Server2003host)oropenNetworkandDialupConnections(onaWindows2000 host). RightclicktheteamedNICdevice,andchoosePropertiestobindtheVMware BridgeProtocoltotheteamedNIC. CheckVMwareBridgeProtocol.
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ClickOKtoclosethepropertysheet. RightclicktheNICdevice,andchoosePropertiestounbindtheVMwareBridge ProtocolfromeachphysicalNICthatisbeingusedforbridgednetworking. CleartheVMwareBridgeProtocolcheckbox. ClickOKtoclosethepropertysheet.
Alternately,youcanusetheVirtualNetworkEditortoeithermaptheteamedNICto VMnet0orexcludethephysicaladaptersfromanyautomaticbridgingbyVMware Server.Forinformation,seeConfiguringBridgedNetworkingOptionsonaWindows Hostonpage 164.
Changing the Teamed Networking Mode

Ifyouchangetheteamednetworkingmode,youmustdeletetheoriginalNICteamon thehostandcreateanewteam.DonotmodifyavirtualmachinesNICteaming settings. CAUTION Beforeyoudeletetheoriginalteam,powerofforsuspendallvirtual machinesonthehosttopreventtheteamingsoftwarefromlockingup.
Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks

Forsomeconfigurations,youmightneedtosetupmorethanonehostonlynetworkon thesamehostcomputer. Youmight,forexample,wanttohavetwovirtualmachinesconnectedtoonehostonly network,andatthesametimehaveothervirtualmachinesconnectedtoanother hostonlynetwork.Thissetupisolatesnetworktrafficoneachnetwork. Oryoumightwanttotestroutingbetweentwovirtualnetworks.Ortestavirtual machinewithmultiplenetworkinterfacecardswithoutusinganyphysicalEthernet adapters. OnWindowshosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupautomaticallywhenyouinstall VMwareServer. OnLinuxhosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupwhenyourunthe vmware-config.plprogramafteryouinstallVMwareServer(providedyouagreeto installhostonlynetworking).Ifyoudidnotagreetousehostonlynetworking,you needtorunthescriptagaintosetuphostonlynetworking. Tosetupthesecondhostonlynetwork,followthestepsoutlinedbelowforyourhost operatingsystem.
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To set up the second host-only interface on a Windows host

1 2 3 4 5 ChooseHost>VirtualNetworkSettings>HostVirtualAdapters. ClickAddnewadapter. ChoosethevirtualnetworkonwhichtousetheadapterandclickOK. ClickApply. ClickOKtoclosetheVirtualNetworkEditor.
To set up the second host-only interface on a Linux host

1 Asroot(su -),runtheVMwareServerconfigurationprogram. vmware-config.pl CAUTION ToconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,thevmware-config.pl configurationprogramrequiresallvirtualmachinestobeshut down.Theprogramshutsdownanyrunningvirtualmachines automatically.
AfteraskingaboutaNATnetwork,theprogramasks: Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines? 2 Selectyes. TheWizardreportsonhostonlynetworksthatyouhavealreadysetuponthehost or,ifnohostonlynetworkispresent,configuresthefirstone. TheWizardasks: Do you wish to configure another host-only network? 3 Selectyes. Repeatthisstepuntilyouhaveasmanyhostonlynetworksasyouwant.Then answerno. 4 CompletetheremainingstepsintheWizard. WhentheWizardisfinished,itrestartsallservicesusedbyVMwareServer. 5 Runifconfig. Youshouldseeatleastfournetworkinterfaceseth0,lo,vmnet1,andvmnet2.If theVMnetinterfacesdonotdisplayimmediately,waitforaminute,andrunthe
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commandagain.ThesefourinterfacesshouldhavedifferentIPaddresson separatesubnets.
Configuring the Virtual Machines

Nowyouhavetwohostonlyinterfaces(VMnet1andVMnet2).Youarereadytosetup yourvirtualmachinesforoneofthefollowingconfigurations:
!
ThevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualEthernetadapter,andthat virtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1). ThevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualEthernetadapter,andthat virtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonlyinterface(VMnet2). ThevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithtwovirtualEthernetadapters.Onevirtual adapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1)andtheother virtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonlyinterface(VMnet2).
Configuration 1 Connect to the Default Host-Only Interface

1 2 3 4 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchaVMwareServerConsoleandopenthevirtualmachine. SelectVM>Settingstoedittheconfigurationusingthevirtualmachinesettings editor. SelectNIC,selectCustom,andchooseVMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost) or/dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,clickAdd,andusetheAdd HardwareWizardtoaddanadapter.
Configuration 2 Connect to the Newly Created Host-Only Interface

1 2 3 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchaVMwareServerConsoleandopenthevirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). SelectNIC,selectCustom,andchooseVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost) or/dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,clickAdd,andusetheAdd HardwareWizardtoaddanadapter.
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Configuration 3 Connect to Two Host-Only Interfaces

1 2 3 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchVMwareServerandopenthevirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). Selectthefirstnetworkadapterinthelistofdevices,selectCustom,andchoose VMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or/dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)from thedropdownlistontheright.Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelistof devices,selectCustom,thenchooseVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or /dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifyouneedtoaddoneormorenetworkadapters,clickAdd,andusetheAdd HardwareWizardtoaddanadapter. Atthispointyoucanpoweronthevirtualmachineandinstallyourguestoperating system.Inconfigurations1and2youseeoneAMDPCNetFamilyAdapter.In configuration3youseetwoAMDPCNetFamilyAdapterswithintheguest.Configure theEthernetadaptersasyouwouldphysicaladaptersonaphysicalcomputer,giving eachadapteranIPaddressontheappropriateVMnetsubnet. OnWindowshosts,youcanopenacommandpromptandrunipconfig /alltosee whatIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. OnLinuxhosts,youcanopenaterminalandrunifconfigtoseewhatIPaddresses eachhostonlynetworkisusing.
Routing Between Two Host-Only Networks

Ifyouaresettingupacomplextestnetworkusingvirtualmachines,youmightwantto havetwoindependenthostonlynetworkswitharouterbetweenthem. Therearetwobasicapproaches.Inone,theroutersoftwarerunsonthehostcomputer. Intheother,theroutersoftwarerunsinitsownvirtualmachine.Inbothcases,youneed twohostonlyinterfaces. Theexamplesdescribedhereoutlinethesimplestcase,withonevirtualmachineon eachofthehostonlynetworks.Formorecomplexconfigurations,youcanaddmore virtualmachinesandhostonlynetworksasappropriate.
Setting Up the First Host-Only Interface

OnWindowshosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupwhenyouinstallVMware Server.
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OnLinuxhosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupwhenyourunthe vmware-config.plprogramafteryouinstallVMwareServer,providedyouagreeto installhostonlynetworking.Ifyoudidnotagreetousehostonlynetworking,you needtorunthescriptagaintosetuphostonlynetworking.
To set up the second host-only interface on a Windows host

1 2 3 4 5 GotoHost>VirtualNetworkSettings>HostVirtualAdapters. ClickAddnewadapter. ChoosethevirtualnetworkonwhichyouwanttousetheadapterandclickOK. ClickApply. ClickOKtoclosetheVirtualNetworkEditor.
To set up the second host-only interface on a Linux host

1 Asroot(su -),runtheVMwareServerconfigurationprogram. vmware-config.pl CAUTION InordertoconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,the vmware-config.plconfigurationprogramrequiresallvirtual machinestobeshutdown.Theprogramshutsdownanyrunning virtualmachinesautomatically.
UsetheWizardtomodifyyourconfiguration.AfteraskingaboutaNATnetwork, theprogramasks: Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines? Answeryes. TheWizardreportsonhostonlynetworksthatyouhavealreadysetuponthehost or,ifnoneispresent,configuresthefirsthostonlynetwork.
TheWizardasks: Do you wish to configure another host-only network? Answeryes. Repeatthisstepuntilyouhaveasmanyhostonlynetworksasyouwant.Then answerno.
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CompletetheWizard.Whenitisfinished,itrestartsallservicesusedbyVMware Server. Runifconfig.Youshouldseeatleastfournetworkinterfaceseth0,lo,vmnet1, andvmnet2.IftheVMnetinterfacesdonotshowupimmediately,waitfora minute,thenrunthecommandagain.Thesefourinterfacesshouldhavedifferent IPaddressonseparatesubnets.
Setting Up the Virtual Machines

Nowyouhavetwohostonlynetworkadaptersonthehostcomputer.Eachis connectedtoitsownvirtualswitch(VMnet1andVMnet2).Youarereadytocreateand configureyourvirtualmachinesandconnectthemtotheappropriatevirtualswitches.
Virtual Machine 1 Connected to the Default Host-Only Interface

1 2 3 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchaVMwareServerConsoleandopenthevirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). SelectNIC,selectCustom,andchooseVMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost) or/dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,clickAdd,andusetheAdd HardwareWizardtoaddanadapter.
Virtual Machine 2 Connected to the Newly Created Host-Only Interface

1 2 3 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchaVMwareServerConsoleandopenthevirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). SelectNIC,selectCustom,andchooseVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost) or/dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,clickAdd,andusetheAdd HardwareWizardtoaddanadapter. Ifyouplantoruntheroutersoftwareonyourhostcomputer,youcanskipthenext section.
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Virtual Machine 3 Connected to Both Host-Only Interfaces

Ifyouplantoruntheroutersoftwareonavirtualmachine,setupathirdvirtual machineforthatpurpose. 1 2 3 Createthevirtualmachineoruseanexistingvirtualmachine. LaunchaVMwareServerConsoleandopenthevirtualmachine. Edittheconfigurationusingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). Selectthefirstnetworkadapterinthelistofdevices,selectCustom,andchoose VMnet1(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or/dev/vmnet1(onaLinuxhost)from thedropdownlistontheright.Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelistof devices,thenselectCustom,chooseVMnet2(Hostonly)(onaWindowshost)or /dev/vmnet2(onaLinuxhost)fromthedropdownlistontheright. Ifyouneedtoaddoneormorenetworkadapters,clickAdd,andusetheAdd HardwareWizardtoaddanadapter. Nowyouneedtoconfigurethenetworkingcomponentsonthehostandinthevirtual machines.TherecommendedapproachusesstaticIPaddressesforallthevirtual machines. 1 StoptheVMnetDHCPserverservice. Windowshost:ChooseHost>VirtualNetworkSettings>DHCPandclickStop service. Linuxhost:Stopthevmnet-dhcpdservice. killall -TERM vmnet-dhcpd 2 3 4 Installguestoperatingsystemsineachofthevirtualmachines. Installtheroutersoftwareonthehostcomputerorinthethirdvirtualmachine, dependingontheapproachyouareusing. Configurenetworkinginthefirsttwovirtualmachinestouseaddressesonthe appropriatehostonlynetwork. OnWindowshosts,youcanopenacommandpromptandrunipconfig /allto seewhatIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. OnLinuxhosts,youcanopenaterminalandrunifconfigtoseewhatIP addresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing. 5 Ifyouarerunningtherouteronthehostcomputer,assigndefaultrouteraddresses basedontheaddressesofthehostonlyadaptersonthehostcomputer.Inthefirst virtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbe
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theIPaddressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtual machinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIP addressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedtoVMnet2. Ifyouarerunningtheroutersoftwareonthethirdvirtualmachine,setthedefault routeraddressesinthefirsttwovirtualmachinesbasedonthoseusedbythethird virtualmachine.Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,the defaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethirdvirtualmachines EthernetadapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachines networkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressfor thethirdvirtualmachinesEthernetadapterconnectedtoVMnet2. Atthispointyoushouldbeabletopingtheroutermachinefromvirtualmachinesone andtwo.Andiftheroutersoftwareissetupcorrectly,youshouldbeableto communicatebetweenthefirstandsecondvirtualmachines.
Using Virtual Ethernet Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host

VMwareServerdoesnotallowthevirtualEthernetadaptertogointopromiscuous modeunlesstheuserrunningVMwareServerhaspermissiontomakethatsetting.This followsthestandardLinuxpracticethatonlyrootcanputanetworkinterfaceinto promiscuousmode. WhenyouinstallandconfigureVMwareServer,youmustruntheinstallationasroot. VMwareServercreatestheVMnetdeviceswithrootownershipandrootgroup ownership,whichmeansthatonlyroothasreadandwritepermissionstothedevices. TosetthevirtualmachinesEthernetadaptertopromiscuousmode,youmustlaunch VMwareServerasrootbecauseyoumusthavereadandwriteaccesstotheVMnet device.Forexample,ifyouareusingbridgednetworking,youmusthaveaccessto /dev/vmnet0. TograntselectedotherusersreadandwriteaccesstotheVMnetdevice,youcancreate anewgroup,addtheappropriateuserstothegroupandgrantthatgroupreadand writeaccesstotheappropriatedevice.Youmustmakethesechangesonthehost operatingsystemasroot(su -).Forexample,youcanenterthefollowingcommands: chgrp <newgroup> /dev/vmnet0 chmod g+rw /dev/vmnet0 <newgroup>isthegroupthatshouldhavetheabilitytosetvmnet0topromiscuousmode.
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IfyouwantalluserstobeabletosetthevirtualEthernetAdapter(/dev/vmnet0inour example)topromiscuousmode,youcansimplyrunthefollowingcommandonthe hostoperatingsystemasroot: chmod a+rw /dev/vmnet0
Understanding NAT
Networkaddresstranslation,orNAT,providesasimplewayforvirtualmachinesto usemostclientapplicationsoveralmostanytypeofnetworkconnectionavailableto thehost.TheonlyrequirementforNATisthatthenetworkconnectionmustsupport TCP/IP. NATisusefulwhenyouhavealimitedsupplyofIPaddressesorareconnectedtothe networkthroughanonEthernetnetworkadapter.NATworksbytranslating addressesofvirtualmachinesinaprivateVMnetnetworktothatofthehostmachine. Whenavirtualmachinesendsarequesttoaccessanetworkresource,itappearstothe networkresourceasiftherequestcamefromthehostmachine. NATusesthehostsownnetworkresourcestoconnecttotheexternalnetwork.Thus, anyTCP/IPnetworkresourcetowhichthehosthasaccessshouldbeavailablethrough theNATconnection. ThechiefadvantageofNATisthatitprovidesatransparent,easytoconfigurewayfor virtualmachinestogainaccesstonetworkresources. ThefollowingsectionsprovidemoreinformationaboutNAT:
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
UsingNATonpage 191 TheHostComputerandtheNATNetworkonpage 191 DHCPontheNATNetworkonpage 191 DNSontheNATNetworkonpage 191 ExternalAccessfromtheNATNetworkonpage 192 AdvancedNATConfigurationonpage 193 CustomNATandDHCPConfigurationonaWindowsHostonpage 196 ConsiderationsforUsingNATonpage 198 UsingNATwithNetLogononpage 198 SampleLinuxvmnetnat.confFileonpage 200
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Using NAT
TheNATdeviceisconnectedtotheVMnet8virtualswitch.Virtualmachinesconnected totheNATnetworkalsousetheVMnet8virtualswitch. TheNATdevicewaitsforpacketscomingfromvirtualmachinesontheVMnet8virtual network.Whenapacketarrives,theNATdevicetranslatestheaddressofthevirtual machinetothatofthehostbeforeforwardingthepackettotheexternalnetwork.When dataarrivesfromtheexternalnetworkforthevirtualmachineontheprivatenetwork, theNATdevicereceivesthedata,replacesthenetworkaddresswiththatofthevirtual machineandforwardsthedatatothevirtualmachineonthevirtualnetwork.This translationoccursautomaticallyandrequiresminimalconfigurationontheguestand thehost.
The Host Computer and the NAT Network

ThehostcomputerhasahostvirtualadapterontheNATnetwork(identicaltothehost virtualadapteronthehostonlynetwork).Thisadapterallowsthehostandthevirtual machinestocommunicatewitheachotherforsuchpurposesasfilesharing.TheNAT neverforwardstrafficfromthehostvirtualadapter.
DHCP on the NAT Network

Inordertomakenetworkingconfigurationeasy,aDHCPserverisautomatically installedwhenyouinstallVMwareServer.Virtualmachinesrunningonthenetwork withtheNATdevicecandynamicallyobtaintheirIPaddressesbysendingoutDHCP requests.TheDHCPserverontheNATnetwork,whichisalsousedinhostonly networkingconfigurations,dynamicallyallocatesIPaddressesintherangeof <net>.128through<net>.254,where<net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourNAT network.VMwareServeralwaysusesaClassCaddressforNATnetworks.IP addresses<net>.3through<net>.127canbeusedforstaticIPaddresses.IPaddress <net>.1isreservedforthehostadapter;<net>.2isreservedfortheNATdevice. InadditiontotheIPaddress,theDHCPserverontheNATnetworkalsosendsout additionalconfigurationinformationthatenablesthevirtualmachinetooperate automatically.ThisinformationincludesthedefaultgatewayandtheDNSserver.In theDHCPresponse,theNATdeviceinstructsthevirtualmachinetousetheIPaddress <net>.2asthedefaultgatewayandDNSserver.ThiscausesallIPpacketsdestinedfor theexternalnetworkandDNSrequeststobeforwardedtotheNATdevice.
DNS on the NAT Network

TheNATdeviceactsasaDNSserverforthevirtualmachinesontheNATnetwork. Actually,theNATdeviceisaDNSproxyandmerelyforwardsDNSrequestsfromthe
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virtualmachinestoaDNSserverthatisknownbythehost.Responsescomebacktothe NATdevice,whichthenforwardsthemtothevirtualmachines. IftheygettheirconfigurationinformationfromDHCP,thevirtualmachinesonthe NATnetworkautomaticallyusetheNATdeviceastheDNSserver.However,the virtualmachinescanbestaticallyconfiguredtouseanotherDNSserver. ThevirtualmachinesintheprivateNATnetworkarenot,themselves,accessiblevia DNS.IfyouwantthevirtualmachinesrunningontheNATnetworktoaccesseach otherbyDNSnames,youmustsetupaprivateDNSserverconnectedtotheNAT network.
External Access from the NAT Network

Ingeneral,anyprotocolusingTCPorUDPcanbeusedautomaticallybyavirtual machineontheNATnetworksolongasthevirtualmachineinitiatesthenetwork connection.ThisistrueformostclientapplicationssuchasWebbrowsing,Telnet, passivemodeFTP,anddownloadingstreamingvideo.Additionalprotocolsupport hasbeenbuiltintotheNATdevicetoallowFTPandICMPecho(ping)towork completelytransparentlythroughtheNAT. Ontheexternalnetworktowhichthehostisconnected,anyvirtualmachineonthe NATnetworkappearstobethehostitself,becauseitsnetworktrafficusesthehostsIP address.ItisabletosendandreceivedatausingTCP/IPtoanymachinethatis accessiblefromthehost. Beforeanysuchcommunicationcanoccur,theNATdevicemustsetupamapping betweenthevirtualmachinesaddressontheprivateNATnetworkandthehosts networkaddressontheexternalnetwork. Whenavirtualmachineinitiatesanetworkconnectionwithanothernetworkresource, thismappingiscreatedautomatically.Theoperationisperfectlytransparenttotheuser ofthevirtualmachineontheNATnetwork.Noadditionalworkneedstobedonetolet thevirtualmachineaccesstheexternalnetwork. Thesamecannotbesaidfornetworkconnectionsthatareinitiatedfromtheexternal networktoavirtualmachineontheNATnetwork. Whenamachineontheexternalnetworkattemptstoinitiateaconnectionwithavirtual machineontheNATnetwork,itcannotreachthevirtualmachinebecausetheNAT devicedoesnotforwardtherequest.Networkconnectionsthatareinitiatedfrom outsidetheNATnetworkarenottransparent. However,itispossibletoconfigureportforwardingmanuallyontheNATdeviceso networktrafficdestinedforacertainportcanstillbeforwardedautomaticallytoa
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virtualmachineontheNATnetwork.Fordetails,seeAdvancedNATConfiguration onpage 193. FilesharingofthetypeusedbyWindowsoperatingsystemsandSambaispossible amongcomputersontheNATnetworkincludingvirtualmachinesandthehost computer.IfyouareusingWINSserversonyournetwork,avirtualmachineusing NATnetworkingcanaccesssharedfilesandfoldersonthehostthatareknownbythe WINSserversolongasthosesharedfilesandfoldersareinthesameworkgroupor domain.
Advanced NAT Configuration

Readthesectionthatcorrespondstoyourhostoperatingsystemforinformationon configuringNATforyourvirtualmachines.
Windows Hosts
ConfiguretheNATdeviceusingtheVirtualNetworkEditor(Host>VirtualNetwork Settings>NAT).
Youcanstop,restart,andstartthevirtualNATdevicebyclickingtheappropriate button.TheVMnethostsettingletsyouchoosewhichvirtualnetworkusestheNAT device.YoucanselectDisableifyoudonotwanttouseNATonanyvirtualnetwork.
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ToeditNATsettingsforavirtualnetwork,chooseitfromthedropdownmenu,then clickEdit.TheNATSettingsdialogboxappears.
YoucanchangeanyofthefollowingNATsettings:
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PortforwardingletsyousendincomingTCPorUDPrequeststoaspecificvirtual machineonthevirtualnetworkservedbytheNATdevice.Tosetupandconfigure forwardedports,clickPortforwarding.Adialogboxappears. ToaddanewportforeitherTCPorUDP,clickAdd.Ifaportisalreadylisted,you canchangeitssettings.Selectitsnameinthelist,andclickProperties.Orclick Removetoremovetheselectedport. WhenyouclickAdd,anotherdialogboxappears.IntheHostportfield,typethe numberoftheincomingTCPorUDPport.Forexample,incomingHTTPrequests areusuallyonport80.InthefirstForwardingIPaddressfield,typetheIPaddress ofthevirtualmachinetowhichyouwanttoforwardtheincomingrequests.Inthe secondfieldonthatline,typetheportnumberyouwanttouseforthoserequests onthatvirtualmachine.Youcanenterthestandardport,suchas80forHTTP,or anonstandardportifsoftwarerunninginthevirtualmachineisconfiguredto acceptrequestsonanonstandardport.TheDescriptionfieldisoptional.You mightuseittoidentifytheservicebeingforwarded(forexample,HTTP).When youhavemadethesesettings,clickOK.
YoucanspecifyDNSserverstobeusedbythevirtualNATdevice.Todoso,click DNS.Adialogboxappears.YoucanchangethePolicyforusingmultipleDNS serversifyouprefertouseRotateorBurstinsteadofthedefaultsettingofOrder. ToaddaDNSservertothelist,clickAdd.Anotherdialogboxappears.Enterthe DNSserversIPaddressintheIPaddressfield.TheDescriptionfieldisoptional. Whenyouhavemadethedesiredsettings,clickOK.Tochangethesettingsfora serveralreadyinthelist,selectitsentryintheDNSdialogbox,andclick Properties.Todeleteanentry,selecttheentry,andclickRemove.Whenyouhave madethedesiredchanges,clickOK. YoucanchangetheIPaddressfortheNATdeviceintheGatewayIPaddressfield. TochangetheNetmask,clickthebuttonontheHostVirtualNetworkMapping taboftheVirtualNetworkEditorandchooseSubnet.
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ToallowonlypassivemodeFTPovertheNATdevice,deselecttheActiveFTP checkbox. YoucanchangethenumberofminutestokeeptheUDPmappingfortheNATin theUDPtimeoutfield. IfyouchangetheOUI(OrganizationallyUniqueIdentifier)portionoftheMAC addressforthevirtualmachineandsubsequentlycannotuseNATwiththevirtual machine,youshouldchecktheAllowAnyOUIcheckbox. IntheConfigportfield,youcanspecifyaportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatus informationabouttheNAT.Thisoptionisusedfortroubleshootingpurposeswith VMwaretechnicalsupportonly. YoucanchangeNetBIOStimeoutandretrysettings.
Whenyouhavemadeallthenetworkingchangesyouwant,clickOK.
Linux Hosts
UsetheNATconfigurationfileonthehosttoconfiguretheNATdevice.Thisfileis /etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf. Theconfigurationfileisdividedintosections.Eachsectionconfiguresapartofthe NATdevice.Textsurroundedbysquarebracketssuchas[host]marksthe beginningofasection.Ineachsectionisaconfigurationparameterthatcanbeset.The configurationparameterstaketheformip = 192.168.27.1/24. ForanexampleofaNATconfigurationfile,seeSampleLinuxvmnetnat.confFileon page 200.Theconfigurationfilevariablesaredescribedbelow.
The [host] Section

ip TheIPaddressthattheNATdeviceshoulduse.Itcanoptionallybefollowedbyaslash andthenumberofbitsinthesubnet. netmask ThesubnetmasktousefortheNAT.DHCPaddressesareallocatedfromthisrangeof addresses. configport AportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatusinformationabouttheNAT. device TheVMnetdevicetouse.Linuxdevicesareoftheformat/dev/vmnet<x>.VMnet8isthe defaultNATdevice.
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activeFTP AflagthatindicatesifactiveFTPistobeallowed.ActiveFTPallowsincoming connectionstobeopenedbytheremoteFTPserver.Turningthisoffmeansthatonly passivemodeFTPworks.Settheflagto0toturnactiveFTPoff.
The [udp] Section

timeout ThenumberofminutestokeeptheUDPmappingfortheNAT.
The [incomingtcp] Section

UsethissectiontoconfigureTCPportforwardingforNAT.Youcanassignaport numbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtualmachine. Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection. 8887 = 192.168.27.128:21 Thisexamplecreatesamappingfromport8887onthehosttotheIPaddress 192.168.27.128andport21.Whenthismappingissetandanexternalmachineconnects tothehostatport8887,thenetworkpacketsareautomaticallyforwardedtoport21(the standardportforFTP)onthevirtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128.
The [incomingudp] Section

UsethissectiontoconfigureUDPportforwardingforNAT.Youcanassignaport numbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtualmachine. Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection.Itillustratesawaytoforward Xservertrafficfromthehostport6000tothevirtualmachinesport6001. 6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001 Thisexamplecreatesamappingfromport6000onthehosttotheIPaddress 192.168.27.128andport6001.Whenthismappingissetandanexternalmachine connectstothehostatport6000,thenetworkpacketsareautomaticallyforwardedto port6001onthevirtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128.
Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host

IfyouareanadvanceduseronaWindowshostcomputer,youcanmakecustom configurationsettingsbyeditingtheNATandDHCPconfigurationfiles.Ifyourhost operatingsystemisinstalledontheCdrive,theconfigurationfilesforNATandDHCP areinthefollowinglocations:
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NAT:C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf

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DHCP:C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetdhcp.conf YoucanchangemanykeyNATandDCHPsettingsusingtheVirtualNetwork Editor(Host>VirtualNetworkSettings).However,ifyouhavemade manualchangestotheconfigurationfiles,someorallofthosechangesmight belostwhenyouusetheVirtualNetworkEditor.Ifyouhavemademanual changes,youshouldmakebackupcopiesofthefilesbeforechangingany settingsintheVirtualNetworkEditor.AftermakingchangesintheVirtual NetworkEditor,youcancopyyourmanualchangesbackintotheappropriate configurationfiles.
NOTE
Specifying Connections from Ports Below 1024

WhenaclientmachinemakesaTCPorUDPconnectiontoaserver,theconnection comesfromaparticularportontheclient(thesourceport)andconnectstoaparticular portontheserver(thedestinationport).Forsecurityreasons,someserversaccept connectionsonlyfromsourceportsbelow1024. IfavirtualmachineusingNATattemptstoconnecttoaserverthatrequirestheclient touseasourceportbelow1024,itisimportantthattheNATdeviceforwardtherequest fromaportbelow1024.Youcanspecifythisbehaviorinthevmnetnat.conffile. Thisbehavioriscontrolledbyentriesinsectionsheaded[privilegedUDP]and [privilegedTCP].Youmighthavetoaddsettingstoormodifysettingsineitherorboth ofthesesections,dependingonthekindofconnectionyouneedtomake. Youcansettwoparameters,eachofwhichappearsonaseparateline. autodetect = <n> TheautodetectsettingdetermineswhethertheVMwareNATdeviceautomatically attemptstomapvirtualmachinesourceportsbelow1024toNATsourceportsbelow 1024.Asettingof1meanstrue.Asettingof0meansfalse.OnaWindowshost,the defaultis1(true).OnaLinuxhost,thedefaultis0(false). port = <n> Theportsettingspecifiesadestinationport(<n>istheportontheserverthataccepts theconnectionfromtheclient).Wheneveravirtualmachineconnectstothespecified portonanyserver,theNATdeviceattemptstomaketheconnectionfromasourceport below1024.Youcanincludeoneormoreportsettingsinthe[privilegedUDP]or [privilegedTCP]sectionorinbothsections,asrequiredfortheconnectionsyouneed tomake.Eachportsettingmustbeenteredonaseparateline.
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Considerations for Using NAT

BecauseNATrequiresthateverypacketsentandreceivedfromvirtualmachinesbein theNATnetwork,thereisanunavoidableperformancepenalty.Ourtestingshowsthat thepenaltyisminorfordialupandDSLconnections,andperformanceisadequatefor mostVMwareServeruses. NATisnotperfectlytransparent.Itdoesnotnormallyallowconnectionstobeinitiated fromoutsidethenetwork,althoughyoucansetupserverconnectionsbymanually configuringtheNATdevice.ThepracticalresultisthatsomeTCPandUDPprotocols thatrequireaconnectionbeinitiatedfromtheservermachinesomepeertopeer applications,forexampledonotworkautomatically,andsomemightnotworkat all. AstandardNATconfigurationprovidesbasiclevelfirewallprotectionbecausethe NATdevicecaninitiateconnectionsfromtheprivateNATnetwork,butdevicesonthe externalnetworkcannotnormallyinitiateconnectionstotheprivateNATnetwork.
Using NAT with NetLogon

WhenusingNATnetworkinginavirtualmachinewithaWindowsguestoperating systemrunningonaWindowshost,youcanuseNetLogontologontoaWindows domainfromthevirtualmachine.YoucanthenaccessfilesharesknownbytheWINS serverinthedomain. TouseNetLogon,youneedtoknowhowWINSserversandWindowsdomain controllerswork.Thissectionexplainshowtosetupthevirtualmachinetouse NetLogon.Thesetupprocessissimilartothewayyousetupaphysicalcomputeron oneLANthatisusingadomaincontrolleronanotherLAN. InordertologontoaWindowsdomainoutsidethevirtualNATnetwork,thevirtual machineneedsaccesstoaWINSserverforthatdomain.Therearetwowaysyoucan connectthevirtualmachinetoaWINSserver.YoucanconnecttotheWINSserver providedbytheDHCPserverusedontheNATnetwork,providedthattheWINS serverisalreadysetuponthehost.Ifyouwanttoconnectfromthevirtualmachineto aWINSservernotsetuponthehost,youcanmanuallyentertheIPaddressofthe WINSserver.
Using NAT to Connect to an Existing WINS Server Already Set Up on the Host
Inordertousethismethod,aWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainmustbe setuponthehost.ThesestepsuseWindows2000,WindowsXP,or
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WindowsServer2003asaguide.TheprocessissimilarforWindowsNT,WindowsMe, andWindows9xguests. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickonMyNetworkPlacesandselectProperties. IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand selectProperties. InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IP),andclick Properties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. ClicktheWINStab,thenunderNetBIOSsetting,selectUseNetBIOSsetting fromDHCPServer. ClickOKtwice,andclickClose.
Manually Entering the IP Address of a WINS Server

UsethismethodtoconnecttoaWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainthatis notalreadysetuponthehost. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickonMyNetworkPlacesandselectProperties. IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand selectProperties. InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IP),andclick Properties. IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced. ClicktheWINStab,andclickAdd. IntheTCP/IPWINSServerdialogbox,entertheIPaddressfortheWINSserverin theWINSserverfield,andclickOK.TheIPaddressoftheWINSserverappears intheWINSaddresseslistontheWINStab. Repeatsteps5and6foreachWINSservertowhichyouwanttoconnectfromthis virtualmachine. 7 ClickOKtwice,andclickClose.
NowthatthevirtualmachinehasanIPaddressforaWINSserver,youuseNetLogon inthevirtualmachinetologontoadomainandaccesssharesinthatdomain. Forexample,iftheWINSservercoversadomainwithadomaincontroller,itispossible toaccessthatdomaincontrollerfromthevirtualmachineandaddthevirtualmachine
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tothedomain.YouneedtoknowtheuserIDandpasswordoftheAdministratoronthe domaincontroller. NOTE YouraccessislimitedtosharesofvirtualmachinesthatareonthesameNAT networkorarebridgedonthesamedomain.
Sample Linux vmnetnat.conf File

ThefollowingisasampleLinuxvmnetnat.conffile. # Linux NAT configuration file [host] # NAT gateway address ip = 192.168.237.2/24 hostMAC = 00:50:56:C0:00:08 # enable configuration; disabled by default for security reasons #configport = 33445 # VMnet device if not specified on command line device = VMnet8 # Allow PORT/EPRT FTP commands (they need incoming TCP stream...) activeFTP = 1 # Allows the source to have any OUI. Enable this if you change the OUI # in the MAC address of your virtual machines. #allowAnyOUI = 1 [udp] # Timeout in seconds, 0 = no timeout, default = 60; real value might # be up to 100% longer timeout = 30 [incomingtcp] # Use these with care - anyone can enter into your virtual machine through # these... # FTP (both active and passive FTP is always enabled) # ftp localhost 8887 #8887 = 192.168.27.128:21
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# WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to # your host, not to guest... And if you are forwarding port other # than 80 make sure that your server copes with mismatched port # number in Host: header) # lynx http://localhost:8888 #8888 = 192.168.27.128:80 # SSH # ssh -p 8889 root@localhost #8889 = 192.168.27.128:22 [incomingudp] # UDP port forwarding example #6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
Using Samba for File Sharing on a Linux Host

OnaLinuxhostcomputer,VMwareServercanautomaticallyinstallandconfigurea SambaservertoactasafileserverforMicrosoftWindowsguestoperatingsystems. YoucanthenuseWindowsExplorerinthevirtualmachinetomoveandcopyfiles betweenvirtualmachineandhostorbetweenvirtualmachinesonthesamenetwork justasyouwouldwithfilesonphysicalcomputersthatshareanetworkconnection. ThelightlymodifiedSambaserverinstalledbyVMwareServerrunsovertheVMware ServervirtualEthernet,andtheSambatrafficbetweendifferentoperatingsystemsis isolatedfromactuallocalareanetworks. Thesourcecodedifferencesforthechanges(indiffformatandbasedonSamba2.0.6) areavailablefromVMware.Formoreinformation,see www.vmware.com/download/open_sources.html. IfyoualreadyhaveSambaconfiguredonyourLinuxhost,therecommendedapproach istomodifythatconfigurationsoitincludestheIPsubnetusedbytheVMwareServer virtualEthernetadapter,VMnet1. YoucanconfigureyourexistingSambaservertoworkwithahostonlynetwork.Note thatallthesharesyousetupinSambaandintheguestoperatingsystemnormally appearonthebridgednetworkaswell. Ifyouneedtobesurethesharessetupintheguestoperatingsystemareseenonlyon thehostonlynetwork,youmightfinditeasiesttoinstallandusetheSambaserver providedwithVMwareServer.
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Ifyoudonotneedanysharestoappearonyourbridgednetwork,youcanuseyour existingSambaserverandsetuptheconfigurationfilesoitworksonlyonthehostonly network. Sambaconfigurationscanbequitecomplex.Thissectionprovidesseveralsample configurationfiles.Ifyouneedtogobeyondtheissuescoveredhere,seethemanpage forthesmb.conffile.Toviewthismanpage,typeoneofthefollowingcommandsina terminalwindow: man smb.conf or man 5 smb.conf Payparticularattentiontothesectiononencryptedpasswords.Ifyouhaveenabled cleartextpasswordsintheguestoperatingsystem,besurethatsmb.confissetupto usecleartextpasswords.Similarly,ifyouareusingencryptedpasswords,youmust havethesamesettingintheguestoperatingsystemandinsmb.conf. NOTE UsingSambaprintersharingwithvirtualmachinesisnotsupported.Consult themanpagesforguidanceonconfiguringSambaforprinting.
Sample smb.conf for Host-Only Networking

ThefollowingsampleSambaconfigurationfileisforusewithhostonlynetworking. Thisconfigurationisforthe2.0.6versionofSambainstalledbyVMwareServer.The configurationfilesareplacedin/etc/vmware/vmnet1/smbbydefault. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # This is the VMware(TM) Samba configuration file. You should read the smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which are not shown in this example Any line that starts with a ; (semicolon) or a # (hash) is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a # for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you may wish to enable
Configuration file for Samba 2.0.6 vmware-[sn]mbd operating on vmnet1. This file was generated by the VMware configuration program and modified for this document.
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# # If you modify it, it will be backed up the next time you run the # configuration program. # Global settings [global] # This should be polled at install time from the private subnet created by # vmware-config.pl socket address = 192.168.183.1 interfaces = vmnet1 bind interfaces only = yes workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = HOSTNAME server string = VMware host-only security = user encrypt passwords = yes # Note: Printers not loaded in this example. Resource definitions commented # below. ; load printers = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 # VMware extension to use a different shared memory access key on each # Samba server running on this host sysv shm key = /dev/vmnet1 ; ; ; ; log log max max file = /etc/vmware/vmnet1/smb/var/log.smb level = 1 log size in KB log size = 50
lock directory = /etc/vmware/vmnet1/smb/var/locks smb passwd file = /etc/vmware/vmnet1/smb/private/smbpasswd codepage dir = /usr/lib/vmware/smb/codepages dns proxy = no
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# Shared resources # Home directories [homes] comment = Home directories browseable = no writable = yes # Printers ;[printers] ; comment = All printers ; path = /var/lpd ; browseable = no ; guest ok = no ; writable = no ; printable = yes ;[HostFS] ; comment = VMware host filesystem ; path = / ; public = no ; writeable = yes ; printable = no
Sample smb.conf for Bridged Networking

ThefollowingsampleSambaconfigurationfileisforusewithbridgednetworking.This configurationfileisbasedonthe2.0.7versionofSambaandassumesthatyouareusing yourexistingSambaserver,asprovidedwithyourhostcomputersLinuxdistribution. Theconfigurationfileisplacedin/etcbydefault. # # # # # # # # # # # This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which are not shown in this example Any line that starts with a ; (semicolon) or a # (hash) is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a # for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you may wish to enable NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
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# "testparm" to check that you have not many any basic syntactic # errors. # Global Settings [global] interfaces = eth0 workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = HOSTNAME server string = Samba Host Box # # ; ; ; Note: Printers not loaded in this example. Resource definitions commented below. printcap name = lpstat load printers = yes printing = cups
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 security = user encrypt passwords = yes smb passwd file = /etc/smbpasswd dns proxy = no preserve case = yes short preserve case = yes default case = lower ; case sensitive = no # Shared Resources [homes] comment = Home Directories browseable = yes writable = yes
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;[printers] ; comment = All Printers ; path = /var/spool/samba ; browseable = yes ; guest ok = yes ; writable = no ; printable = yes ; create mode = 0700 ; print command = lpr-cups -P %p -o raw %s -r # using client side ; printer drivers. ; print command = lpr-cups -P %p %s # using cups own drivers (use ; generic PostScript on clients). ; lpq command = lpstat -o %p ; lprm command = cancel %p-%j ;[system] ; comment = System share ; path = / ; valid users = username ; public = no ; browsable = yes ; writable = yes ; printable = no
Adding User Names and Passwords to the VMware Server Samba Password File
YoumustbesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtual machinewhowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.Theusernamesandpasswordsinthe Sambapasswordfilemustbethesameasthoseusedforloggingontotheguest operatingsystem. YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheVMwareServerSambapasswordfileat anytimefromaterminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer. 1 2 Logontotherootaccount. su RuntheVMwareServerSambapasswordcommand. vmware-smbpasswd vmnet1 -a <username> <username>istheusernameyouwanttoadd.Followtheinstructionsonthe screen.
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NOTE
vmware-smbpasswdisbasedonthestandardSambapasswordprogram.If youarefamiliarwiththeoptionsusedinsmbpasswd,youcanuseanyof theminvmware-smbpasswd.
Logoffoftherootaccount. exit
Youmightreceiveanerrormessagethatsays Unknown virtual interface "vmnet1" ThisindicatesyourmachineisnotusingtheVMwareServerSambaserver. IfyourinstallationofVMwareServerdoesnotincludetheVMwareServerSamba serverandyouwanttosetitup,logontotherootaccountonyourhostcomputer(su ),thenrunvmware-config.plfromaterminalonthehost.Theconfigurationprogram asks Do you want this script to automatically configure your system to allow your virtual machines to access the host file system? Answeryes. CAUTION InordertoconfigureVMwareServercorrectly,thevmware-config.pl configurationprogramrequiresallvirtualmachinestobeshutdown.The programshutsdownanyrunningvirtualmachinesautomatically.
If You Are Already Running Samba

IfyoualreadyhaveSambarunningonyourLinuxhost,youshouldnotinstallthe VMwareServerSambaserverwhenyouareinstallingVMwareServeronyourhost. Theconfigurationprogrampromptsyou Do you want this script to automatically configure your system to allow your virtual machines to access the host file system? Answerno. BesuretomodifyyourSambaconfigurationsoitincludestheIPsubnetusedbythe VMwareServervirtualEthernetadapter,VMnet1. TodeterminewhatsubnetisbeingusedbyVMnet1,run /sbin/ifconfig vmnet1 YoumustbesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtual machinewhowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.Theusernamesandpasswordsinthe Sambapasswordfilemustbethesameasthoseusedforloggingontotheguest operatingsystem.
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YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheSambapasswordfileatanytimefroma terminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer. 1 2 Logontotherootaccount. su RuntheSambapasswordcommand. smbpasswd -a <username> <username>istheusernameyouwanttoadd.Followtheinstructionsonthe screen. Logoffoftherootaccount. exit
Using a Samba Server for Both Bridged and Host-Only Networks

YoucanusetheSambaserverofyourchoiceeithertheexistingSambaserverfrom yourhostoperatingsystemsdistributionortheoneprovidedwithVMwareServer forbothhostonlyandbridgednetworking.Todoso,youmustmodifyoneparameter inthesmb.conffile.YoucandefinetheinterfaceparametersoyourSambaserver servesmultipleinterfaces.Anexampleofthisis: interface = eth0 vmnet1 ThisexampletellstheSambaserverthatitistolistentoanduseboththeeth0and vmnet1interfacestheinterfacesusedbybridgedandhostonlynetworking, respectively.
Using VMware Servers Samba with an Existing Installation

YoucanalsorunbothyourexistingSambaserverandtheVMwareServerSamba serveratthesametime.Todothis,yourcurrentSambaservermustbeversion2.0.6or higherandmustbeconfiguredcorrectly.However,thisapproachisnotrecommended. TodeterminetheversionofyourSambaserver,run smbd -V IfyouwanttotryrunningbothSambaserversatthesametime,usethissample smb.conffileasabasisforconfiguringtheregularSambaserveronyourhostcomputer.
Sample smb.conf for Running Two Samba Servers at the Same Time
; ; ; ; ;
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This file is the recommended smb.conf file for your normal Samba server if you want to run it concurrently (which we don't advise) with the VMware Samba server. Your normal samba server should be at least v 2.0.6
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; ; Note that you will need to insert specific information ; for your system at several points indicated in the file ; by <text in angle brackets>. ; ; -------------; ; Larmor samba server configuration ; ; Global settings [global] ; ; Identity ; ; Allow several Samba servers on the same machine interfaces = <your real subnet>/<your real netmask> bind interfaces only = yes ; Workgroup the host belongs to workgroup = VMware ; SMB name of the host (the hostname by default) netbios name = <your Windows name> ; Description of the host server string = Linux running Samba 2.0.6 ; ; Access ; ; Allow connections from ; hosts allow = <your real subnet>/<your real netmask> ; Authentication scheme security = user encrypt passwords = yes ; ; Options ; ; Automatically load the printer list (from /etc/printcap ; by default) load printers = yes ; Gives better performance socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 ; ; Files and directories ;
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; Max log size in KB max log size = 1024 ; Locks lock directory = /var/samba ; SMB passwords smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd ; ; Name browsing ; ; Allow the host to participate in master browser ; elections local master = yes ; Force a local browser election upon startup ; We need that otherwise it takes a long time before the ; windows network is browsable preferred master = yes ; Do not try to resolve SMB names via DNS dns proxy = no ; Shared resources ; ; Home directories [homes] comment = Home directories browseable = no writable = yes ; Printers ;[printers] ; comment = All printers ; path = /var/lpd ; browseable = no ; guest ok = no ; writable = no ; printable = yes [Slash] comment = Whole filesystem path = / public = no writeable = yes printable = no
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C HAPTER 8
Configuring Devices
Thischapterdescribeshowtousevariousdeviceswithavirtualmachineandcovers thefollowingtopics:
! ! ! ! ! !
UsingParallelPortsonpage 211 UsingSerialPortsonpage 216 KeyboardMappingonaLinuxHostonpage 226 UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 232 ConnectingtoaGenericSCSIDeviceonpage 237 UsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing(Experimental)onpage 244
Using Parallel Ports

VMwareServersupportsapartialemulationofbidirectionalPS/2styleports. OnLinuxhosts,VMwareServerrequiresthattheparallelportPCstylehardware option(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernelmodule(thatis,itmustbe settom).VMwareServerisunabletouseparallelportdevicesifCONFIG_PARPORT_PC isbuiltdirectly(compiled)intothekernel.Thislimitationexistsbecause CONFIG_PARPORT_PCdoesnotcorrectlyexportitssymbols. ThefollowingsectionsdescribehowtouseparallelportswithVMwareServer:
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AboutParallelPortsonpage 211 AddingaParallelPortinaVirtualMachineonpage 212 ConfiguringaParallelPortonaLinuxHostonpage 213 SpecialNotesfortheIomegaZipDriveonpage 216
About Parallel Ports

Parallelportsareusedbyavarietyofdevices,includingprinters,scanners,dongles, anddiskdrives. Currently,VMwareServerprovidesonlypartialemulationofPS/2hardware. Specifically,interruptsrequestedbyadeviceconnectedtothephysicalportarenot
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passedtothevirtualmachine.Also,theguestoperatingsystemcannotuseDMA(direct memoryaccess)tomovedatatoorfromtheport.Forthisreason,notalldevicesthat attachtotheparallelportareguaranteedtoworkcorrectly. Youcanattachuptothreeparallelportstoavirtualmachine.Thevirtualparallelport canconnecttoaparallelportorafileonthehostoperatingsystem.
Adding a Parallel Port in a Virtual Machine

Ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithaparallelport,mostguestoperatingsystems detectitatinstallationtimeandinstalltherequireddrivers.Someoperatingsystems, includingLinux,WindowsNT,andWindows2000,detecttheportsatboottime. Others,likeWindows95andWindows98,donot. Toaddaparallelporttothevirtualmachinesconfiguration,completethefollowing stepswiththevirtualmachinepoweredoff.Youcanaddthedevicefromtheconsole orfromtheVMwareManagementInterface. NOTE InaWindows95orWindows98guest,runtheguestoperatingsystemsAdd NewHardwareWizard(Start>Settings>ControlPanel>AddNew Hardware)afteryouaddtheportandletWindowsdetectthenewdevice.
Adding a Parallel Port from the Console

1 2 3 4 5 Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.ChooseVM>Settings. ClickAddtostarttheNewHardwareWizard. SelectParallelPort,andclickNext. Maketheappropriateselectiontouseaphysicalparallelportorconnectthevirtual parallelporttoafile,andclickNext. IfyouselectedUsephysicalparallelportonthehost,eitherchoosetheportfrom thePhysicalparallelportlistorchooseAutodetecttoletVMwareServerselect theporttouse. NOTE Thebenefitofautodetectdevicesisthatyoucanmovethembetween virtualmachinesrunningdifferentoperatingsystems,suchasLinuxand MicrosoftWindows,withouthavingtoreconfigurethedevices.
IfyouselectedOutputfile,enterthepathandfilenameintheOutputfilefield,or browsetothelocationofthefile.
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Chapter 8 Configuring Devices
UnderDevicestatus,thedefaultsettingisConnectatpoweron.Deselectthe checkboxifyoudonotwanttheparallelportdevicetobeconnectedwhenthe virtualmachinepowerson. 6 ClickFinishtoinstallthevirtualparallelport,andclickOKtosavethe configurationandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host

Fortheparallelporttoworkproperlyinaguest,itmustfirstbeconfiguredproperlyon thehost.Mostissuesinvolvingparallelportfunctionalityarearesultofthehost configuration.Checktheseareas:theversionofyourLinuxkernel,yourdeviceaccess permissions,andtherequiredmodules.
Parallel Ports and Linux 2.6.x Kernels

BesurethatPCStyleHardware(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)isloadedasamoduleas mentionedatthebeginningofUsingParallelPortsonpage 211.Ifyouareusinga 2.6.xkernel,themodulesthatprovideparallelportfunctionalityareparport_pcand ppdev. Toverifythesemodulesareinstalledandrunningonyoursystem,runthelsmod commandastherootuser.Youcanalsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthesamelist. Witha2.6.xkernel,loadingparport_pcdoesnotloadbothmodules.Ifneitherofthe listedparallelportmodulesisrunning,usethiscommand: modprobe parport_pc && modprobe ppdev Thiscommandinsertsbothmodulesneededforaparallelport. Ifyoucontinuetoexperienceproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisrunning.If itis,thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.Toremovethelp module,runthiscommandastherootuser: rmmod lp Youshouldalsoensurethatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe /etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedoutby insertingahashcharacter(#)atthebeginningoftheline.Thenameoftheconfiguration filedependsontheLinuxdistributionyouareusing.Whenyourebootthehostafter removingthisline,theconfigurationfilenolongerstartsthelpmodule. Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,addthis linetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile: alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
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Linuxkernelsinthe2.6.xseriesalsouseaspecialarbitratorthatallowsaccesstothe parallelporthardware.Iftheparallelportisinusebythehost,theguestcannotuseit. Ifavirtualmachineisusingtheparallelport,thehostandanyusersaccessingthehost arenotgivenaccesstothedevice.VMwareServerputsalockonthedevice,andthis lockrestrictsaccesssoonlythevirtualmachinecanusetheport. ChooseVM>RemovableDevicestodisconnecttheparallelportfromthevirtual machineandreconnectit.

BesurethatPCStyleHardware(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)isloadedasamodule,as mentionedatthebeginningofUsingParallelPortsonpage 211.Ifyouareusinga 2.4.xkernel,themodulesthatprovideparallelportfunctionalityareparport, parport_pcandppdev. Toverifythesemodulesareinstalledandrunningonyoursystem,runthelsmod commandastherootuser.Thesethreemodulesshouldbeincludedinthelistingof runningmodules.Youcanalsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthesamelist. Toloadthepropermodules,runthiscommand: insmod k <modulename> Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisrunning,usethiscommand: insmod k parport_pc Thiscommandinsertsthethreemodulesneededforaparallelport. Ifyoucontinuetoexperienceproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisrunning.If itis,thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.Toremovethelp module,runthiscommandastherootuser: rmmod lp Youshouldalsoensurethatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe /etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedoutby insertingahashcharacter(#)atthebeginningoftheline.Thenameoftheconfiguration filedependsontheLinuxdistributionyouareusing.Whenyourebootthehostafter removingthisline,theconfigurationfilenolongerstartsthelpmodule. Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,addthis linetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile: alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc Linuxkernelsinthe2.4.xseriesalsouseaspecialarbitratorthatallowsaccesstothe parallelporthardware.Iftheparallelportisinusebythehost,theguestcannotuseit.
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Ifavirtualmachineisusingtheparallelport,thehostandanyusersaccessingthehost arenotgivenaccesstothedevice.VMwareServerputsalockonthedevice,andthis lockrestrictsaccesssoonlythevirtualmachinecanusetheport. YoucanchooseVM>RemovableDevicestodisconnecttheparallelportfromthe virtualmachineandreconnectit.

The2.2.xkernelsthatsupportparallelportsusetheparport,parport_pcandvmppuser modules.BesurethatPCStyleHardware(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)isloadedasamodule, asmentionedatthebeginningofUsingParallelPortsonpage 211.Thevmppuser moduleissuppliedbyVMwareServertogivevirtualmachinesuserlevelaccesstothe parallelport. Toverifythesemodulesareinstalledandrunningonyoursystem,runthelsmod commandastherootuser.Thesethreemodulesshouldbeincludedinthelistingof runningmodules.Youcanalsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthesamelist. Toloadthepropermodules,runthiscommand: insmod k <modulename> Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisrunning,usethiscommand: insmod k parport_pc Thiscommandinsertsthethreemodulesneededforaparallelport. Ifyoucontinuetoexperienceproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisrunning.If itis,thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.Toremovethelp module,runthiscommandastherootuser: rmmod lp Youshouldalsoensurethatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe /etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedoutby insertingahashcharacter(#)atthebeginningoftheline.Thenameoftheconfiguration filedependsonyourLinuxdistribution.Whenyourebootthehostafterremovingthis line,theconfigurationfilenolongerstartsthelpmodule. Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,addthis linetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile: alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
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Device Permissions
SomeLinuxdistributionsbydefaultdonotgrantthevirtualmachineaccesstothelp andparportdevices.Inmostofthesecases,theownerofthedeviceisrootandthe associatedgroupislp.ToallowtheVMwareServerusertoaccessthedevice,addthe usertotheassociatedgroup.Toviewtheownerandgroupofthedevice,runthis command: ls la /dev/parport0 Thethirdandfourthcolumnsoftheoutputshowtheownerandgroup,respectively. Toaddtheusertothedevicegroup,editthe/etc/groupfile.Onthelinestartingwith lp,whichdefinesthelpgroup,addtheVMwareServerusersusername.Youmust makethischangeastherootuser.Thefollowinglineprovidesanexampleforauser whoseusernameisuserj. lp::7:daemon,lp,userj Thenexttimetheuserlogsontothehost,thechangestakeeffect.
Special Notes for the Iomega Zip Drive

OnWindows95orWindows98,useofolderdriversfortheIomegaZipdrivemight causetheguestoperatingsystemtolockupintermittentlyatboottimeorduring installationoftheguestoperatingsystem.ThenewestIomegadriversworkreliablyin ourtests.Theyareavailableatwww.iomega.com/software/index.html.
Using Serial Ports

ThefollowingsectionsdescribehowtouseserialportswithVMwareServer:
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UsingaSerialPortontheHostComputeronpage 217 UsingaFileontheHostComputeronpage 218 ConnectinganApplicationontheHosttoaVirtualMachineonpage 220 ConnectingTwoVirtualMachinesonpage 221 SpecialConfigurationOptionsforAdvancedUsersonpage 223 Examples:DebuggingoveraVirtualSerialPortonpage 224
AVMwareServervirtualmachinecanuseuptofourvirtualserialports.Thevirtual serialportscanbeconfiguredinseveralways.
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Youcanconnectavirtualserialporttoaphysicalserialportonthehostcomputer. Youcanconnectavirtualserialporttoafileonthehostcomputer.
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Youcanmakeadirectconnectionbetweentwovirtualmachinesorbetweena virtualmachineandanapplicationrunningonthehostcomputer.
Youcanalsoselectwhethertoconnectthevirtualserialportwhenyoupoweronthe virtualmachine.
Using a Serial Port on the Host Computer

Youcansetupthevirtualserialportinavirtualmachinetouseaphysicalserialport onthehostcomputer.Thisisuseful,forexample,ifyouwanttouseanexternalmodem orahandhelddeviceinyourvirtualmachine. Toinstallavirtualserialportthatconnectstoaphysicalserialportonthehost computer,takethefollowingstepswiththevirtualmachinepoweredoff.Usethe VMwareServerConsoletoaddthedevice. To add a serial port from the Console 1 2 3 Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(chooseVM>Settings). ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwareWizard. SelectSerialPort,thenclickNext.TheSerialPortTypescreenappears.
SelectUsephysicalserialportonthehost,thenclickNext.TheSelectaPhysical SerialPortscreenappears.
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Youcanchoosetheportonthehostcomputertouseforthisserialconnectionor chooseAutodetecttoletVMwareServerselecttheport.
NOTE
Thebenefitofautodetectdevicesisthattheycanbemovedbetween virtualmachinesrunningdifferentoperatingsystems,suchasLinuxand Windows,withouthavingtobereconfigured.
Bydefault,thedevicestatussettingisConnectatpoweron.Unchecktheboxfor theportnottobeautomaticallyconnectedwhenyoupoweronthevirtual machine. NOTE IfyouareconnectingwithaWindowsconsoletoaddaphysicalserial porttoavirtualmachineonaremoteLinuxhost,besuretospecifya Linuxdevicenamehere,suchas/dev/ttyS0.Ifyouareconnectingwith aLinuxconsoletoaddaphysicalserialporttoavirtualmachineona remoteWindowshost,besuretospecifyaWindowsdevicenamehere, suchasCOM1.
ClickAdvancedtoconfigurethisserialporttousepolledmode.Thisoptionisof interestprimarilytodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthatcommunicate overaserialconnection.Formoreinformation,seeSpecialConfigurationOptions forAdvancedUsersonpage 223. 7 8 ClickFinish,andclickOKtoclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor. CheckYieldCPUonPolltoconfigurethisserialporttousepolledmode.This optionisofinterestprimarilytodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat communicateoveraserialconnection.Formoreinformation,seeSpecial ConfigurationOptionsforAdvancedUsersonpage 223. ClickOKtoaddtheserialport.
Using a File on the Host Computer

Youcansetupthevirtualserialportinavirtualmachinetosenditsoutputtoafileon thehostcomputer.Thisisuseful,forexample,ifyouwanttocapturethedatathata programrunninginthevirtualmachinesendstothevirtualserialport,orifyouneed aquickwaytotransferafilefromtheguesttothehost. Toinstallavirtualserialportthatconnectstoafileonthehostcomputer,takethe followingstepswiththevirtualmachinepoweredoff.UsetheVMwareServerConsole toaddthedevice.
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Connecting to an Output File from the Console

1 2 3 Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwareWizard. SelectSerialPort,thenclickNext.TheSerialPortTypescreenappears.
SelectOutputtofile,thenclickNext.TheChooseSerialPortOutputFilescreen appears.
Browsetothefileonthehostcomputerthatyouwanttousetostoretheoutputof thevirtualserialport.Bydefault,thedevicestatussettingisConnectatpoweron. Youmaydeselectthissettingifyouwish. ClickAdvancedifyouwanttoconfigurethisserialporttousepolledmode.This optionisofinterestprimarilytodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat communicateoveraserialconnection.Formoreinformation,seeSpecial ConfigurationOptionsforAdvancedUsersonpage 223.
ClickFinish,andclickOKtoclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
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Connecting an Application on the Host to a Virtual Machine

Youcansetupthevirtualserialportinavirtualmachinetoconnecttoanapplication onthehostcomputer.Thisisuseful,forexample,ifyouwanttouseanapplicationon thehosttocapturedebugginginformationsentfromthevirtualmachinesserialport. Toinstalladirectserialconnectionbetweenanapplicationonthehostandavirtual machine,completethefollowingstepswiththevirtualmachinepoweredoff.Usethe VMwareServerConsoletoaddthedevice.
Connecting to an Application from the Console

1 2 3 Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwareWizard. SelectSerialPort,thenclickNext.TheSerialPortTypescreenappears.
SelectOutputtonamedpipe,thenclickNext.TheSpecifyNamedPipescreen appears.
Usethedefaultpipename,orenteranotherpipenameofyourchoice. ForaserialpipeonaWindowshost,thepipenamemustfollowtheform \\.\pipe\<namedpipe>thatis,itmustbeginwith\\.\pipe\.
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ForaserialpipeonaLinuxhost,enter/tmp/<socket>oranotherUnixsocketname ofyourchoice. NOTE IfyouareusingaWindowsconsoletoconnecttoavirtualmachineona remoteLinuxhost,besuretospecifyaLinuxpipenamehere,suchas /tmp/<pipe>.IfyouareusingaLinuxconsoletoconnecttoavirtual machineonaremoteWindowshost,besuretospecifyaWindowspipe namehere,suchas\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>.
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SelectThisendistheserverorThisendistheclient.Ingeneral,selectThisend istheserverifyouplantostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst. SelectTheotherendisanapplication. ThedefaultdevicestatussettingisConnectatpoweron.Deselectthecheckbox forthedevicenottobeconnectedwhenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine. ClickAdvancedtoconfigurethisserialporttousepolledmode.Thisoptionisof interestprimarilytodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthatcommunicate overaserialconnection.Formoreinformation,seeSpecialConfigurationOptions forAdvancedUsersonpage 223.
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ClickFinish,andclickOKtosaveyourconfigurationandclosethevirtual machinesettingseditor. Onyourhostcomputer,configuretheapplicationthatcommunicateswiththe virtualmachinetousethesamepipeorUnixsocketname.
Connecting Two Virtual Machines

Youcansetupthevirtualserialportsintwovirtualmachinestoconnecttoeachother. Thisisuseful,forexample,ifyouwanttouseanapplicationinonevirtualmachineto capturedebugginginformationsentfromtheothervirtualmachinesserialport. Toinstalladirectserialconnectionbetweentwovirtualmachines(aserveranda client),completethefollowingstepswiththevirtualmachinepoweredoff.Youcanadd thedevicefromtheconsoleorfromtheVMwareManagementInterface. NOTE Makesureyouperformsthesestepstwice:oncefortheservervirtualmachine andoncefortheclientvirtualmachine.
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Connecting Two Virtual Machines from the Console

1 2 3 4 5 Connecttotheservervirtualmachinewithaconsole. Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwareWizard. SelectSerialPort,andclickNext. SelectOutputtonamedpipe,andclickNext.TheSpecifyNamedPipescreen appears.
Usethedefaultpipename,orenteranotherpipenameofyourchoice. ForaserialpipeonaVMwareServerforWindowshost,thepipenamemust followtheform\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>thatis,itmustbeginwith\\.\pipe\. ForaserialpipeonaVMwareServerforLinuxhost,enter/tmp/<socket>or anotherUnixsocketnameofyourchoice. NOTE IfyouareusingaWindowsconsoletoconnecttoavirtualmachineona remoteLinuxhost,besuretospecifyaLinuxpipenamehere,suchas /tmp/<pipe>.IfyouareusingaLinuxconsoletoconnecttoavirtual machineonaremoteWindowshost,besuretospecifyaWindowspipe namehere,suchas\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>.
Fortheservervirtualmachine,selectThisendistheserver. Fortheclientvirtualmachine,selectThisendistheclient.
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SelectTheotherendisavirtualmachine. Bydefault,thedevicestatussettingisConnectatpoweron.Deselectthecheckbox forthedevicenottoconnectwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon. ClickAdvancedifyouwanttoconfigurethisserialporttousepolledmode.This optionisofinterestprimarilytodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat
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communicateoveraserialconnection.Formoreinformation,seeSpecial ConfigurationOptionsforAdvancedUsersonpage 223. 10 11 ClickFinish,andclickOKtosaveyourconfigurationandclosethevirtual machinesettingseditor. Repeatthesestepsfortheclientvirtualmachine.
Special Configuration Options for Advanced Users

Twospecialconfigurationoptionsareavailableforserialconnectionsbetweenavirtual machineandthehostorbetweentwovirtualmachines.Theseoptionsareofinterest primarilytodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthatcommunicateoveraserial connection.
Improving Processor Performance When Debugging

Thefirstoptionmustbesetinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings> SerialPort).Thisoptionisusefulwhentheserialportisbeingusedbytheguest operatingsysteminpolledmodeasopposedtointerruptmode.Polledmodecausesthe virtualmachinetoconsumeadisproportionateshareofprocessortime.Thismakesthe hostandotherguestsrunsluggishly.
Torestoreperformanceforapplicationsonthehost,checktheYieldCPUonpollcheck box.Thisconfigurationoptionforcestheaffectedvirtualmachinetoyieldprocessor timeiftheonlytaskitistryingtodoispollthevirtualserialport.
Changing the Input Speed of the Serial Connection

Tousethesecondoption,poweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheconsolewindow. Useatexteditortoaddthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachinesconfigurationfile (.vmx): serial<n>.pipe.charTimePercent = <x>
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Thisoptionisusefulifyouwanttosqueezeeverypossiblebitofspeedfromyourserial connectionoverapipetothevirtualmachine.Inprinciple,thereisnolimitonthe outputspeedthespeedatwhichthevirtualmachinesendsdatathroughthevirtual serialport.Inpractice,theoutputspeeddependsonhowfasttheapplicationatthe otherendofthepipereadsdatainboundtoit. <n>isthenumberoftheserialport,startingfrom0.Sothefirstserialportisserial0. <x>isanypositiveinteger.Itspecifiesthetimetakentotransmitacharacter,expressed asapercentageofthedefaultspeedsetfortheserialportintheguestoperatingsystem. Forexample,asettingof200forcestheporttotaketwiceaslongpercharacter,orsend dataathalfthedefaultspeed.Asettingof50forcestheporttotakeonlyhalfaslongper character,orsenddataattwicethedefaultspeed. Youshouldfirstusetheguestoperatingsystemtoconfiguretheserialportforthe highestsettingsupportedbytheapplicationyouarerunninginthevirtualmachine. Aftertheserialportspeedissetappropriatelyintheguestoperatingsystem, experimentwiththissetting.Startwithavalueof100andgraduallydecreaseituntil youfindthehighestspeedatwhichyourconnectionworksreliably.
Examples: Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port

YoucanuseDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger(KD)todebug kernelcodeinavirtualmachineoveravirtualserialport.Youcandownload DebuggingToolsforWindowsfromtheWindowsDDKWebsiteat www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/default.mspx. Thefollowingtwoexamplesillustratehowtouseavirtualserialporttodebugkernel codeinavirtualmachine:
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WiththedebuggingapplicationontheVMwareServerhost(Windowshostsonly) WiththedebuggingapplicationinanothervirtualmachineonthesameVMware Serverhost(usefulonaLinuxhostandcanalsobedoneonaWindowshost)
Eitherofthesemethodsletsyoudebugkernelcodeononesystem,withoutrequiring twophysicalcomputers,amodemorserialcable.
Debugging an Application in a Virtual Machine from the Windows or Linux Host

Inthisexample,youhavekernelcodetodebuginavirtualmachine(calledthetarget virtualmachine)andarerunningWinDbgorKDonyourWindowshost.
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Topreparethetargetvirtualmachine,followthestepsinConnectinganApplication ontheHosttoaVirtualMachineonpage 220.Makesureyouconfigurethevirtual machinesvirtualserialportasfollows:

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SelectThisendistheserver ClickAdvanced,thenunderI/OMode,selecttheYieldCPUonpollcheckbox,as thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode
Topreparethehost,makesureyouhavearecentversionofDebuggingToolsfor Windowsonethatsupportsdebuggingoverapipe.Youneedversion4.0.18.0or higher. Whenyouarereadytobegin,completethefollowingsteps: 1 2 Poweronthevirtualmachine. Checktomakesuretheserialportisconnected.ChooseVM>Removable Devices.Onthatmenu,serial<n>shouldbereportedas\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>(on Windowshosts)or/tmp/<socket>(onLinuxhosts).Iftheserialportisnot connected,choosethevirtualserialport,thenConnect. Onthehost,openaCommandPromptwindowanddooneofthefollowing:
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IfyouareusingWinDbg,typethefollowing: windbg -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe
IfyouareusingKD,typethefollowing: kd -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe
ThenpressEntertostartdebugging.
Debugging an Application in a Virtual Machine from another Virtual Machine

Inthissituation,youhavekernelcodetodebuginavirtualmachine(calledthetarget virtualmachine)andarerunningDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernel Debugger(KD)inanothervirtualmachine(calledthedebuggervirtualmachine)onthe samehost. ThissetupisusefulifyouarerunningVMwareServeronaLinuxhost.Thedebugger virtualmachinemustberunningDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernel Debugger(KD)inaWindowsguestoperatingsystem. Topreparethetargetvirtualmachine,followthestepsfortheservervirtualmachinein ConnectingTwoVirtualMachinesonpage 221.Makesurewhenyouconfigurethe targetvirtualmachinesvirtualserialportthatyouselecttheYieldCPUonpollcheck
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box.Thekernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode, notinterruptmode. Topreparethedebuggervirtualmachine,makesureyouhavedownloadedDebugging ToolsforWindows.FollowthestepsfortheclientvirtualmachineinConnectingTwo VirtualMachinesonpage 221. Whenyouarereadytocontinue,completethefollowingsteps: 1 2 Poweronbothvirtualmachines. Checktomakesuretheserialportisconnected.ChooseVM>Removable Devices.Iftheserialportisnotconnected,choosethevirtualserialport,and Connect. Inthedebuggervirtualmachine,startdebuggingwithWinDbgorKDnormally.
Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host

Thissectionaddressesthefollowingissuesandprovidesadditionaldetailson keyboardmappinginLinux:
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My(languagespecific)keyboardisnotsupportedbyVMwareServer. Someofthekeysonmykeyboarddontworkrightinthevirtualmachine. MykeyboardworksfinewhenIrunavirtualmachinelocally,butnotwhenIrun thesamevirtualmachinewitharemoteXserver.
ThefollowingsectionsdescribekeyboardmappingonaLinuxhost:
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KeyboardMappingforaRemoteServeronpage 226 KeyboardMappingSupportforthePConpage 227 VScanCodeTableonpage 229
Keyboard Mapping for a Remote Server

IfyourkeyboardworkscorrectlywithalocalXserver,andyouwantthesamebehavior witharemoteXserver(whichisalsoanXFree86serverrunningonaPC),poweroffthe virtualmachineandclosetheconsole. Addthefollowingline: xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = true tothevirtualmachineconfigurationfileorto~/.vmware/config. Makethischangeonthehostmachine,whereyourunthevirtualmachine,notonthe machinewiththeremoteXserver.
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IfyouareusinganXFree86basedserverthatVMwareServerdoesnotrecognizeasan XFree86server,enterthefollowinglineinstead: xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = true IfyouareusinganXFree86serverrunninglocally,andthekeyboarddoesnotwork correctly,reporttheproblembysubmittingasupportrequestat www.vmware.com/requestsupport.
Keyboard Mapping Support for the PC

Keycodemappingissimple,automatic,andfoolproof.(Keysymmappingismore complexanddescribedlater.)However,becausetheprogramcannottellwhethera remoteserverisrunningonaPCoronsomeotherkindofcomputer,iterrsonthesafe sideanduseskeycodemappingonlywithlocalXservers.Thisisoftentooconservative andhasundesirableeffects.Thisandotherbehaviorrelatedtokeycodemappingcan becontrolledbyusingatexteditortoaddconfigurationsettingstothevirtual machinesconfigurationfile. NOTE Poweringoffthevirtualmachineandclosetheconsolebeforeyouedita configurationfile.
xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = true UsekeycodemappingifyouareusinganXFree86server,evenifitisremote. xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = true Alwaysusekeycodemappingregardlessofservertype. xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = true Neverusekeycodemapping. xkeymap.keycode.<code> = <v-scan code> Ifusingkeycodemapping,mapkeycode<code>to<v-scan code>.Inthis example,<code>mustbeadecimalnumberand<v-scan code>shouldbea Csyntaxhexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001).
TheeasiestwaytofindtheXkeycodeforakeyistorunxevorxmodmap -pk.Mostof thevscancodesarecoveredintheVScanCodeTableonpage 229.Thekeysym mappingtablesdescribedinthissectionarealsohelpful. Usethisfeaturetomakesmallmodificationstothemapping.Forexample,toswapleft CtrlandCapsLock,usethefollowinglines: xkeymap.keycode.64 = 0x01d # X Caps_Lock -> VM left ctrl xkeymap.keycode.37 = 0x03a # X Control_L -> VM caps lock
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Theseconfigurationlinescanbeaddedtotheindividualvirtualmachineconfiguration, toyourpersonalVMwareServerconfiguration(~/.vmware/config),oreventothe hostwide(/etc/vmware/config)orinstallationwide(usually /usr/local/lib/vmware/config)configuration. Whenkeycodemappingcannotbeused(orisdisabled),VMwareServermaps keysymstovscancodes.Itdoesthisusingoneofthetablesinthexkeymapdirectoryin theVMwareServerinstallation(usually/usr/local/lib/vmware). Whichtableyoushouldusedependsonthekeyboardlayout.Thenormaldistribution includestablesforPCkeyboardsfortheUnitedStatesandanumberofEuropean countriesandlanguages.Andformostofthese,thereareboththe101key(or102key) andthe104key(or105key)variants. VMwareServerautomaticallydetermineswhichtabletousebyexaminingthecurrent Xkeymap.However,itsdecisionmakingprocesscansometimesfail.Inaddition,each mappingisfixedandmightnotbecompletelyrightforanygivenkeyboardandXkey codetokeysymmapping.Forexample,ausermighthaveswappedCtrlandCaps Lockusingxmodmap.Thismeansthekeysareswappedinthevirtualmachinewhen usingaremoteserver(keysymmapping)butunswappedwhenusingalocalserver (keycodemapping). Therefore,keysymmappingisnecessarilyimperfect.Tomakeupforthisdefect,you canchangemostofthebehaviorusingconfigurationsettings:
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xkeymap.language = <keyboard-type> UsethisifVMwareServerhasatableinxkeymapforyourkeyboardbutcantdetect it.<keyboard-type>mustbeoneofthetablesinthexkeymapdirectory.(Seeabove forlocation.)However,thefailuretodetectthekeyboardprobablymeansthetable isntcompletelycorrectforyou. xkeymap.keysym.<sym> = <v-scan code> Ifyouusekeysymmapping,mapkeysym<sym>to<v-scan code>.Whenyoudo, <sym>mustbeanXkeysymnameand<v-scan code>shouldbeaCsyntax hexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001). Theeasiestwaytofindthekeysymnameforakeyistorunxevorxmodmap -pk. TheXheaderfile/usr/X11R6/include/X11/keysymdef.hhasacompletelistof keysyms.(ThenameofakeysymisthesameasitsCconstantwithouttheXK_ prefix.)MostvscancodesareintheVScanCodeTableonpage 229. Thexkeymaptablesthemselvesarealsohelpful.Usethemtofixsmallerrorsinan existingmapping.
xkeymap.fileName = <file-path> Usethekeysymmappingtablein<file-path>.Atableisasequenceof

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configurationlinesoftheform <sym> = <v-scan code> where<sym>isanXkeysymname,and<v-scan code>isaCsyntaxhexadecimal number(forexample,0x001).(Seetheexplanationofxkeymap.keysymabovefor tipsonfindingthekeysymsandvscancodesforyourkeyboard.) Compilingacompletekeysymmappingisdifficult.Itisbesttostartwithan existingtableandmakesmallchanges.
V-Scan Code Table

Thesearethevscancodesforthe104keyU.S.keyboard: Table 8-1. Symbol
Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 = Backspace Tab Q W E R T Y U I ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
Shifted symbol
Location
V-scan code
0x001 0x002 0x003 0x004 0x005 0x006 0x007 0x008 0x009 0x00a 0x00b 0x00c 0x00d 0x00e 0x00f 0x010 0x011 0x012 0x013 0x014 0x015 0x016 0x017
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Table 8-1. Symbol

O P [ ] Enter Ctrl A S D F G H J K L ; ` Shift \ Z X C V B N M , . / Shift * Alt < > ? right numericpad left | left left { }
Shifted symbol
Location
V-scan code
0x018 0x019 0x01a 0x01b 0x01c 0x01d 0x01e 0x01f 0x020 0x021 0x022 0x023 0x024 0x025 0x026 0x027 0x028 0x029 0x02a 0x02b 0x02c 0x02d 0x02e 0x02f 0x030 0x031 0x032 0x033 0x034 0x035 0x036 0x037 0x038
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Table 8-1. Symbol

Spacebar CapsLock F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 NumLock ScrollLock Home Uparrow PgUp Leftarrow 5 Rightarrow + End Downarrow PgDn Ins Del F11 F12 Break Enter Ctrl / Pause numericpad right numericpad 1 2 3 0 6 4 7 8 9 numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad numericpad
Shifted symbol
Location
V-scan code
0x039 0x03a 0x03b 0x03c 0x03d 0x03e 0x03f 0x040 0x041 0x042 0x043 0x044 0x045 0x046 0x047 0x048 0x049 0x04a 0x04b 0x04c 0x04d 0x04e 0x04f 0x050 0x051 0x052 0x053 0x057 0x058 0x100 0x11c 0x11d 0x135
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Table 8-1. Symbol

SysRq Alt Home Uparrow PageUp Leftarrow Rightarrow End Downarrow PageDown Insert Delete Windows Windows Menu
Shifted symbol
PrintScrn
Location
right functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad functionpad left right
V-scan code
0x137 0x138 0x147 0x148 0x149 0x14b 0x14d 0x14f 0x150 0x151 0x152 0x153 0x15b 0x15c 0x15d
The84keykeyboardhasaSysReqkeyonthenumericpad:
Symbol
SysReq
Shifted symbol
Location
numericpad
V-scan code
0x054
KeyboardsoutsidetheU.S.usuallyhaveanextrakey(often<>or<>|)nexttotheleft shiftkey: Symbol Shifted symbol Location V-scan code

0x056
<
>
Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine

ThefollowingsectionsdescribehowtouseUSBdevicesinavirtualmachine:
! ! !
NotesonUSBSupportonpage 233 AddingaUSBControlleronpage 233 ConnectingUSBDevicesonpage 234
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! ! ! ! ! !
UsingUSBwithaWindowsHostonpage 235 ReplacingUSB2.0DriversonaWindows2000Hostonpage 235 UsingUSBwithaLinuxHostonpage 235 USBDeviceControlonpage 236 DisconnectingUSBDevicesfromaVirtualMachineonpage 237 Thisisparticularlyimportantwithdatastoragedevices(aZipdrive,for example).Ifyoumoveadatastoragedevicetoosoonaftersavingafileandthe operatingsystemhasnotactuallywrittenthedatatothedisk,youcanlosedata. onpage 237
VMwareServerprovidesatwoportUSB1.1controller.YoucanuseuptotwoUSB devicesinyourvirtualmachineifbothyourhostoperatingsystemandyourguest operatingsystemsupportUSB.IfyourhostcomputersupportsUSB2.0devices,you canusethosedevicesinthevirtualmachine. NOTE Linuxkernelsolderthan2.2.17donotsupportUSB.
AlthoughyourhostoperatingsystemmustsupportUSB,youdonotneedtoinstall devicespecificdriversforyourUSBdevicesinthehostoperatingsystemtousethose devicesonlyinthevirtualmachine. OnaWindows2000hostcomputerwithUSB2.0support,besureyouareusingthe MicrosoftUSB2.0driverfortheUSBcontroller.ThirdpartyUSB2.0drivers,suchas thoseprovidedbysomemotherboardmanufacturers,arenotsupported.Fornoteson replacingthethirdpartydrivers,seeReplacingUSB2.0DriversonaWindows2000 Hostonpage 235.
Notes on USB Support

WehavetestedavarietyofUSBdeviceswiththisrelease.Ingeneral,iftheguest operatingsystemhasappropriatedrivers,youshouldbeabletousePDAs,printers, storage(disk)devices,scanners,MP3players,PCradios,digitalcameras,andmemory cardreaders. Modemsandcertainstreamingdatadevices,suchasspeakersandWebcams,donot workproperly.
Adding a USB Controller

TheUSBcontrollerisdisabledbydefaultinallvirtualmachinescreatedwithVMware Server.ToaddaUSBcontrollertothevirtualmachinesconfiguration,completethe
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followingstepswiththevirtualmachinepoweredoff.UsetheVMwareServerConsole toaddthedevice.
Adding a USB Controller from the Console

1 2 3 Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.ChooseVM>Settings. ClickAddtostarttheNewHardwareWizard.ClickNext.TheHardwareType screenappears. SelectUSBController,andclickNext.TheUSBscreenappears.
ClickFinishtoinstallthevirtualUSBcontroller,andclickOKtosavethe configurationandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
Connecting USB Devices

ChooseVM>RemovableDevicestoconnectspecificUSBdevicestoyourvirtual machine.YoucanconnectuptotwoUSBdevicesatatime.IfthephysicalUSBdevices areconnectedtothehostcomputerthroughahub,thevirtualmachineseesonlythe USBdevices,notthehub. EachUSBporthasamenuitem.Movethemouseoveroneoftheseitemstoseea cascadingmenuofdevicesthatarepluggedintoyourhostcomputerandavailablefor use.Toconnectadevicetothevirtualmachine,clickitsname. Ifadeviceisalreadyconnectedtothatport,clickthenameofanewdevicetorelease thefirstdeviceandconnectthenewone. Toreleaseaconnecteddevice,clickNoneonthecascadingmenufortheporttowhich itisconnected. Ifyouphysicallypluganewdeviceintothehostcomputer,thedeviceisinitially connectedtothehost.ItsnameisalsoaddedtotheRemovableDevicessubmenuso youcanconnectittothevirtualmachinemanually.
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Using USB with a Windows Host

WhenaparticularUSBdeviceisconnectedtoavirtualmachineforthefirsttime,the hostdetectsitasanewdevicenamedVMwareUSBDeviceandinstallstheappropriate VMwaredriver. OnaWindowsServer2003host,UserconfirmationisrequiredintheFoundNew HardwareWizard.SelectthedefaultactionInstallthesoftwareautomatically.Once thesoftwareisinstalled,theguestoperatingsystemdetectstheUSBdeviceand searchesforasuitabledriver. WhenyouaresynchronizingaPDA,suchasaPalmhandheldorHandspringVisor,to avirtualmachineforthefirsttime,thetotaltimerequiredtoloadtheVMwareUSB devicedriverinthehostandthePDAdriverintheguestmightexceedthedevices connectiontimeoutvalue.Thiscausesthedevicetodisconnectitselffromthecomputer beforetheguestcansynchronizewithit.Ifthisoccurs,lettheguestfinishinstallingthe PDAdriver,dismissanyconnectionerrorwarnings,thentrysynchronizingthePDA again.Thesecondattemptshouldsucceed.
Replacing USB 2.0 Drivers on a Windows 2000 Host

TouseVMwareServeronaWindows2000hostthathasUSB2.0ports,youmustuse theMicrosoftUSB2.0driversfortheUSBcontrollerinthehostoperatingsystem.If yourhostoperatingsystemisusingathirdpartydriveradriversuppliedbyyour motherboardvendor,forexampleyoumustreplaceit. Takethefollowingstepstochecktheproviderofyourdriver: 1 2 3 4 GototheDeviceManager.RightclickMyComputer,chooseProperties,clickthe Hardwaretab,thenclickDeviceManager. ExpandthelistingforUniversalSerialBuscontrollers. RightclickthelistingforthecontrollerandchooseProperties. ClicktheDrivertab.IfthedriverprovidershownonthatpageisMicrosoft,you havethecorrectdriveralready.
IfthedriverproviderisnotMicrosoft,downloadthelatestUSBdriverforyourhost operatingsystemfromtheMicrosoftWebsiteandfollowtheMicrosoftinstructionsto installit.DetailsareavailableinMicrosoftknowledgebasearticle319973.
Using USB with a Linux Host

OnLinuxhosts,VMwareServerusestheUSBdevicefilesystemtoconnecttoUSB devices.InmostLinuxsystemsthatsupportUSB,theUSBdevicefilesystemisat /proc/bus/usb.IfyourhostoperatingsystemusesadifferentpathtotheUSBdevice
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filesystem,youcanchangeitinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings> USB).EnterthecorrectpathinthePathtousbdevfsfield.
USB Device Control

Onlyonecomputer,hostorguest,canhavecontrolofaUSBdeviceatanyonetime.
Device Control on a Windows Host

Whenyouconnectadevicetoavirtualmachine,itisunpluggedfromthehostor fromthevirtualmachinethatpreviouslyhadcontrolofthedevice.Whenyou disconnectadevicefromavirtualmachine,itispluggedintothehost. CAUTION YouneedtotakeaspecialsteptodisconnectUSBnetworkandstorage devicesfromthehost.ThereisasystemtrayiconcalledEjectHardware onWindows2000andSafelyRemoveHardwareonWindowsServer 2003.Usethisicontodisconnectthedevicefromthehostbefore connectingittoavirtualmachine.
WhenyouconnectaUSBnetworkorstoragedeviceinavirtualmachine,youmightsee amessageonyourhostthatsaysthedevicecanberemovedsafely.Thisisnormal behavior,andyoucansimplydismissthedialogbox.However,donotremovethe devicefromyourphysicalcomputer.VMwareServerautomaticallytransferscontrolof thedevicetothevirtualmachine. Undersomecircumstances,ifaUSBstoragedeviceisinuseonthehost(forexample, oneormorefilesstoredonthedeviceareopenonthehost),anerrorappearsinthe virtualmachinewhenyoutrytoconnecttothedevice.Youmustletthehostcomplete itsoperationorcloseanyapplicationconnectedtothedeviceonthehost.Reconnectthe deviceinthevirtualmachine.
Device Control on a Linux Host

OnLinuxhosts,guestoperatingsystemscanusedevicesthatarenotalreadyinuseby thehostthatis,devicesthatarenotclaimedbyahostoperatingsystemdriver. IfyourdeviceisinusebythehostandyoutrytoconnectittotheguestusingtheVM >RemovableDevicesmenu,adialogboxappears,informingyouthatthereisa problemconnectingtothedevice. Todisconnectthedevicefromthehost,youmustunloadthedevicedriver.Youcan unloadthedrivermanuallyasroot(su -)usingthermmodcommand.Ifthedriverwas automaticallyloadedbyhotplug,youcandisableitinthehotplugconfigurationfiles inthe/etc/hotplugdirectory.SeeyourLinuxdistributionsdocumentationfordetails oneditingtheseconfigurationfiles.
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Arelatedissuesometimesaffectsdevicesthatrelyonautomaticconnection(asPDAs oftendo). Ifyouhavesuccessfullyusedautoconnectiontoconnectthedevicetoyourvirtual machine,andlaterexperienceproblemswiththeconnectiontothedevice,completethe followingsteps: 1 Disconnectandreconnectthedevice.Youcaneitherunplugitphysically,andplug itbackin,orusetheVM>RemovableDevicesmenutodisconnectitand reconnectit. Ifyouseeadialogboxwarningthatthedeviceisinuse,disableitinthehotplug configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory.
USB Devices
USBdevices,suchasthekeyboardandmouse,arenothandledthroughthevirtual machinesUSBcontroller.Instead,theyappearinthevirtualmachineasastandard PS/2keyboardandmouse,eventhoughtheyarepluggedintoUSBportsonthehost.
Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine

BeforeunpluggingaUSBdeviceorusingtheRemovableDevicessubmenuto disconnectitfromavirtualmachine,besureitisinasafestate. Youshouldfollowtheproceduresthedevicemanufacturerspecifiesforunplugging thedevicefromaphysicalcomputer.Thisistruewhetheryouarephysically unpluggingit,movingitfromhosttovirtualmachine,movingitbetweenvirtual machines,ormovingitfromvirtualmachinetohost. Thisisparticularlyimportantwithdatastoragedevices(aZipdrive,forexample).If youmoveadatastoragedevicetoosoonaftersavingafileandtheoperatingsystem hasnotactuallywrittenthedatatothedisk,youcanlosedata.
Connecting to a Generic SCSI Device

ThefollowingsectionsdescribehowtousegenericSCSIdevicesinavirtualmachine:
! ! ! !
DeviceSupportinGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 238 AddingaGenericSCSIDevicetoaVirtualMachineonpage 239 GenericSCSIonaWindowsHostOperatingSystemonpage 240 GenericSCSIonaLinuxHostOperatingSystemonpage 243
GenericSCSIletsavirtualmachinerunanySCSIdevicethatissupportedbytheguest operatingsysteminthevirtualmachine.GenericSCSIgivestheguestoperatingsystem
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directaccesstoSCSIdevicesconnectedtothehost,suchasscanners,tapedrives,and tapechangers.
Device Support in Guest Operating Systems

Intheory,genericSCSIiscompletelydeviceindependent,butVMwarehasdiscovered itissensitivetotheguestoperatingsystem,deviceclass,andspecificSCSIhardware. WeencourageyoutotryanySCSIhardwareyouwanttouseandreportproblemsto VMwaretechnicalsupport.
Preparing a Windows XP Guest Operating System to Use SCSI Devices

TouseSCSIdevicesinaWindowsXPvirtualmachine,youneedaspecialSCSIdriver availablefromthedownloadsectionoftheVMwareWebsiteat www.vmware.com/download.FollowtheinstructionsontheWebsitetoinstallthe driver.
Preparing a Windows NT 4.0 Guest Operating System to Use SCSI Devices

GenericSCSIdevicesusethevirtualMylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehost busadapterprovidedbythevirtualmachine.Someguestoperatingsystemsguideyou throughinstallingthedriversafteryouinstallthefirstSCSIdeviceinthevirtual machine.OnWindowsNT4.0,however,youmightneedtoinstallthedrivermanually, ifitisnotalreadyinstalledforavirtualSCSIdisk.Youshoulddosobeforeyouadda genericSCSIdevice. To install the BusLogic driver in a Windows NT 4.0 guest 1 Have your Windows NT installation CD available. OpentheSCSIAdapterscontrol panel. Start>Settings>ControlPanel>SCSIAdapters 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ClicktheDriverstab. ClickAdd. Inthelistofvendorsontheleft,selectBusLogic. Inthelistofdriversontheright,selectBusLogicMultiMasterPCISCSIHost Adapters. ClickOK. InserttheWindowsNTCDwhenyouareprompted.ClickOK. Reboottheguestoperatingsystemwhenyouareprompted.
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Preparing a Windows Me, Windows 98, or Windows 95 Guest OS to Use SCSI Devices
IfyouareusinggenericSCSIdevicesinaWindows95,Windows98,orWindowsMe guestoperatingsystemandareexperiencingproblemswiththedevices,downloadthe latestMylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbusadapterfrom www.lsilogic.com.ThisdriveroverrideswhatWindowschoosesasthebestdriver,but itcorrectsknownproblems.
Adding a Generic SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine

YoucanaddgenericSCSIdevicestoyourvirtualmachineinthevirtualmachine settingseditor.ThevirtualmachinesettingseditorletsyoumapvirtualSCSIdevicesto physicalgenericSCSIdevicesonthehost. ToaddanewgenericSCSIdevicetoavirtualmachine,makesurethevirtualmachine ispoweredoff,andcompletetheappropriatestepsbelow.
Adding a Generic SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine from the Console

1 2 3 LaunchaVMwareServerConsoleandselectthevirtualmachine. ChooseVM>Settings.Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens. ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwareWizard.SelectGenericSCSIDevice,then clickNext.
4 5
Choosethenameofthephysicaldeviceyouwanttouse. Choosethevirtualdevicenodewhereyouwantthisdevicetoappearinthevirtual machine. AcheckboxunderDevicestatusletsyouspecifywhetherornotthedeviceshould beconnectedeachtimethevirtualmachineispoweredon.
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NOTE
OnaWindowshost,thedeviceshouldappearintheformCdRom0, Scanner0,Tape0orChanger0.Ifyoudonotseealistingforthedevice, youmightneedtoaddthedevicetothevirtualmachinemanually.See GenericSCSIonaWindowsHostOperatingSystemonpage 240.
6 7
ClickFinishtoinstallthenewdevice. ClickOKtosavetheconfigurationandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
Generic SCSI on a Windows Host Operating System

UsingtheSCSIGenericdriverinWindows,VMwareServerallowsyourguest operatingsystemtooperategenericSCSIdevicesincludingscanners,tapedrives, andotherdatastoragedevicesinavirtualmachine.
Adding a Generic SCSI Device Not Detected by VMware Server

WhenaddingagenericSCSIdevicetoavirtualmachine,ifVMwareServerdoesnot displaythedeviceyouwanttoadd(forexample,scannersonaWindows2000hostor sometapebackupdevices),youneedtoaddthedevicemanuallytothevirtual machinesconfigurationfile(.vmx). ReasonsVMwareServercannotdetectadeviceinclude:
! ! !
Adriverforthatdeviceisnotinstalledonthehost. Adriveronthehostpreventsthedevicefrombeingdetected. Thevirtualmachineusesadeviceforwhichnodriversareavailabletothehost operatingsystem.
Beforeyouattemptthestepsbelow,verifythatthedevicedriverisinstalledonthehost. Ifthedriverisnotinstalled,installitandverifythatthedeviceappearscorrectlyto VMwareServer.Ifitdoesnotappearcorrectly,orifyoucannotordonotwanttoinstall thedriveronthehost,addthedevicemanuallytothevirtualmachine. Whenaddingadevicemanuallytothevirtualmachine,usescsiX:Ynotationtorefer tothedeviceonthehostinsteadofadevicenamesuchasCdRom0, that VMwareServer uses.Forthistypeofnotation,XistheSCSIbusonwhichthedeviceislocatedonthe hostandYisthetargetIDthedeviceusesonthehost. CAUTION Addingadeviceinthismannerisrecommendedforadvancedusersonly.
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CAUTION
Beforeyouaddthedevice,youmustdisabletheoriginalSCSIdevice driveronthehost.SomeWindowsoperatingsystemsdonotprocessthe sendcommandfromtheadapterifthedevicedriverisowningthedevice.
Thereareafewcircumstancesthatrequireyoutoaddthedevicemanually.Followthe stepsthatmatchyourcircumstance.Ineachcase,poweroffthevirtualmachineand openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmx)inatexteditorandmakethe changesasdescribedbelow. 1 ThevirtualmachinedoesnotcontainanySCSIadaptersordevices,oryouwantto addagenericSCSIdevicetoanewvirtualSCSIadapterinthevirtualmachine. Toaddthedevicetothevirtualmachine,youneedtoaddthefollowinglinestothe virtualmachinesconfigurationfile: scsiZ:Y.present = "true" scsiZ:Y.deviceType = "scsi-passthru" scsiZ:Y.fileName = "scsiX:Y" DefineX,YandZasfollows:
! !
XistheSCSIbusthedeviceusesonthehostsystem. YisthetargetIDthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachineandonthehost.Use thesametargetIDinthevirtualmachinethatthehostalreadyusesforthe devicetoallowthedevicetoworkcorrectly. ZistheSCSIbusthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachine.
ThevirtualmachinehasaSCSIadapterandaSCSIdeviceandyouwanttousethe samedeviceasagenericSCSIdevice. ToconfigurethedeviceasagenericSCSIdevice,youneedtoaddthefollowing linestothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile: scsiZ:Y.deviceType = "scsi-passthru"scsiZ:Y.fileName = "scsiX:Y" DefineX,YandZasfollows:

! !
ThevirtualmachinehasaSCSIadapterandgenericSCSIdevice,butVMware ServerdoesnotrecognizethedeviceintheAddHardwareWizard.
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Youneedtolocatealineintheconfigurationfilethatlookslike: scsiZ:Y.fileName = "<deviceName>" Changethelineto: scsiZ:Y.fileName = "scsiX:Y" DefineX,YandZasfollows:

! !
Forexample,iftheproblematicdeviceisaCDROMdrive,theentryinthe configurationfilemightbe: scsi0:4.fileName = "CdRom0" Ifthedeviceonthehostislocatedonbus2withtargetID4,youshouldchangethis lineto: scsi0:4.fileName = "scsi2:4" ThetargetIDthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachinemustbethesameasthetarget IDthedeviceusesonthehostsystem. 4 YouaddedagenericSCSIdevicetothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmx) asinstructedinstep3,butVMwareServerdoesnotrecognizethedeviceinthe AddHardwareWizard.Youmightexperiencethisissuewithtapedrivesandtape changers. Inthiscase,lookforthelineintheconfigurationfilethatlookslike: scsiZ:Y.fileName = "scsiX:Y" Changethelineto: scsiZ:Y.fileName = "<deviceName>" ExampledevicenamesincludeTape0andChanger0. Anotheralternativeyoucantryistouninstallordisablethedevicedriveronthe hostandusethe"scsiX:Y"notationintheconfigurationfile.
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NOTE
TheSCSIbusisassignedanumberbythehostoperatingsystemafterallIDE buseshavebeenassignednumbers.Forexample,ifyouhave2IDEbuses,they arenumbered0and1.ThefirstSCSIbusisassignedbusnumber2.Inthe exampleabove,youuse2forX.
IfyoucannotdeterminetheSCSIbusnumberonyourown,youcantryusingathird partytoollikewinobj(whichyoucandownloadforfreefromwww.sysinternals.com) todeterminethisinformation. ThedevicetargetIDisusuallysetbysomejumpersorswitchesonthedevice.Referto theownersmanualforthedeviceforinformationonhowtodeterminethetargetID.
Generic SCSI on a Linux Host Operating System

UsingtheSCSIGenericdriverinLinux,VMwareServerallowsyourguestoperating systemtooperategenericSCSIdeviceswithinavirtualmachine.TheSCSIGeneric driversetsupamappingforeachSCSIdevicein/dev.Eachentrystartswithsg(forthe SCSIGenericdriver)followedbyaletter.Forexample,/dev/sgaisthefirstgenericSCSI device. EachentrycorrespondstoaSCSIdevice,intheorderspecifiedin/proc/scsi/scsi, fromthelowestdeviceIDonthelowestadaptertothehighestdeviceIDonthelowest adapter,andsoontothehighestdeviceIDonthehighestadapter.Donotenter /dev/st0or/dev/scd0. NOTE WhensettingupagenericSCSIdeviceinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor, asdescribedlaterinthissection,youspecifythedeviceyouwishtoinstallin thevirtualmachinebytypingits/dev/sgentryintheConnectionfield.
Requirements
GenericSCSIrequiresversion2.1.36oftheSCSIGeneric(sg.o)driver,whichcomes withkernel2.2.14andhigher.
Avoiding Concurrent Access to a Generic SCSI Device

UnderLinux,somedevicesspecificallytapedrives,diskdrives,andCDROMdrives alreadyhaveadesignated/deventry(traditionally,st,sdandscd,respectively). WhentheSCSIGenericdriverisinstalled,Linuxalsoidentifiesthesedeviceswith correspondingsgentriesin/devinadditiontotheirtraditionalentries.VMware Serverensuresthatmultipleprogramsarenotusingthesame/dev/sgentryatthesame timebutcannotalwaysensurethatmultipleprogramsarenotusingthe/dev/sgand thetraditional/deventryatthesametime.Itisimportantthatyoudonotattemptto
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usethesamedeviceinbothhostandguest.Thiscancauseunexpectedbehaviorand maycauselossorcorruptionofdata.
Permissions on a Generic SCSI Device

YoumusthavereadandwritepermissionsonagivengenericSCSIdevicetousethe devicewithinavirtualmachine,evenifthedeviceisareadonlydevicesuchasa CDROMdrive.Thesedevicestypicallydefaulttorootonlypermissions.Your administratorshouldcreateagroupwithaccesstoreadandwritetothesedevices,and addtheappropriateuserstothatgroup.
Using Two-Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing (Experimental)

Forallsupportedconfigurationsof32bitand64bithostandguestoperatingsystems runningonmultiprocessorhostmachines,VMwareServerprovidesexperimental supportfortwowayvirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing(VirtualSMP).VirtualSMP letsyouassigntwovirtualprocessorstoavirtualmachineonanyhostmachinethathas atleasttwologicalprocessors. Thefollowinghostconfigurationsareallconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:
! ! !
Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled AsingleprocessorhostwithadualcoreCPU AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoCPUs,neitherofwhicharedualcoreorhave hyperthreadingenabled. Onhyperthreadeduniprocessorhosts,performanceofvirtualmachineswith VirtualSMPmightbesubpar.
NOTE
VMwareServerdoesnotsupportguestswithmorethantwovirtualprocessors.You can,however,poweronandrunmultipledualprocessorvirtualmachines concurrently. YoucansetthenumberofprocessorsforthevirtualmachinefromtheVMwareServer Consoleinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor. 1 2 3 GotoVM>Settings. FromtheHardwaretab,clicktheentryforVirtualProcessors. Clickoneortwotosetthenumberofvirtualprocessors,andclickOK.
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NOTE
Thesummaryviewalsodisplaysthenumberofvirtualprocessors currentlyconfiguredforthevirtualmachine.
Youcanalsosetthenumberofvirtualprocessorswhenyoucreateavirtualmachine usingtheNewVirtualMachineWizard.Youmustchooseacustomconfiguration.The optiontosetthenumberofvirtualprocessorsisnotavailableinatypicalconfiguration. Formoreinformation,seeSettingUpaNewVirtualMachineonpage 25. VMwareServerdoesnotsupportorrecommendassigningtwoprocessorstoahost withasingleprocessorthatdoesnothavehyperthreadingenabled.Awarningmessage appearsifyoudoso.Youcandisregardthismessageandassigntwoprocessorstothe virtualmachine,butafteryouhavecreatedthevirtualmachine,youwillnotbeableto poweritonunlessyoumoveittoahostmachinewithatleasttwologicalprocessors. VirtualMachineswithVirtualSMPenabledarecompatiblewithWorkstation5.x virtualmachines.YoucanalsomovevirtualmachineswithVirtualSMPenabled betweenVMwareServerandVMwareESXServer. VirtualMachineswithVirtualSMPenabledarenotcompatiblewithVMwareGSX Server3orwithversionsofWorkstationpriorto5.x.
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C HAPTER 9
Video and Sound
Thischapterprovidesinformationonconfiguringthevideodisplayandsoundfor VMwareServerandcoversthefollowingtopics:
! ! !
SettingScreenColorDepthinaVirtualMachineonpage 247 UsingFullScreenModeonaLinuxHostonpage 248 ConfiguringSoundonpage 249
Setting Screen Color Depth in a Virtual Machine

Thenumberofscreencolorsavailableintheguestoperatingsystemdependsonthe screencolorsettingofthehostoperatingsystem. Virtualmachinessupport
! ! ! !
16color(VGA)mode 8bitpseudocolor 16bitsperpixel(16significantbitsperpixel) 32bitsperpixel(24significantbitsperpixel)
Ifthehostisin15bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols offer15bitmodeinplaceof16bitmode. Ifthehostisin24bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols offer24bitmodeinplaceof32bitmode. Ifyourunaguestoperatingsystemsetforagreaternumberofcolorsthanyourhost operatingsystemisusing,youcanencountervariousproblems.Insomecases,the colorsintheguestarenotcorrect.Inothers,theguestoperatingsystemisnotableto useagraphicalinterface. Tofixtheseproblems,youcaneitherincreasethenumberofcolorsavailableonthehost ordecreasethenumberofcolorsusedintheguest. Forbestperformance,usethesamenumberofcolorsintheguestandonthehost. Thefollowingsectionsdescribechangingthecolordepthonthehostandinavirtual machine:
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! !
ChangingScreenColorDepthontheHostonpage 248 ChangingScreenColorDepthintheVirtualMachineonpage 248
Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host

Tochangethecolorsettingsonyourhostoperatingsystem,firstshutdownallguest operatingsystems,poweroffthevirtualmachines,andclosetheconsole. Followstandardproceduresforchangingthecolorsettingsonyourhostoperating system,andrestarttheconsoleandthevirtualmachines.
Changing Screen Color Depth in the Virtual Machine

Ifyouchoosetochangethecolorsettingsintheguestoperatingsystem,theapproach youusedependsonthecombinationofhostandguestyouareusing. Followthenormalprocessforchangingscreencolorsinyourguestoperatingsystem. InaWindowsguest,theDisplayPropertiescontrolpaneloffersonlythosesettingsthat aresupported. InaLinuxorFreeBSDguest,youmusteitherchangethecolordepthbeforeyoustart theXserverorrestarttheXserverafteryoumakethechanges.
Using Full Screen Mode on a Linux Host

Whenyouswitchavirtualmachineintofullscreenmode,VMwareServerchangesthe fullscreendisplayresolutiontobettermatchtheresolutionsetintheguestoperating system.OnaLinuxhost,VMwareServerusestheXF86VidModetomatchthehost resolutiontotheonerequestedbytheguestrunninginthevirtualmachine. Inafewcases,VMwareServermaynotfindthebestresolution. WhenVMwareServerswitchesintofullscreenmode,itcanchooseonlythose resolutionsthatarealreadyconfiguredonyourhost. IfavirtualmachinerunsataresolutionthatdoesnotmatchamodelistedintheX serverconfiguration,thenforfullscreenmodeVMwareServerchoosestheclosest largermode(andusesblackborders)orelsesimplydoesnotofferfullscreenmodeat all. ItispossibletohavebadmodesconfiguredintheXF86Configfileonyourhost.Ifyour hostsXserverconfigurationwasautomaticallygenerated,orifyounevertestedall modeswithyourcurrentmonitorandvideocard,itispossiblethatsomeenabled modesdonotworkwithyourmonitor.However,themodeswitchingcodeinVMware Serverhasnowayofknowingthisandavirtualmachinethattriestousearesolution withabadmodelinecancauseyourmonitortofailtodisplaycorrectly.
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Chapter 9 Video and Sound
Ifthishappens,immediatelyleavefullscreenmodebypressingCtrlAlt,thenfixyour XserverconfigurationandrestarttheXserver.However,iftheonlyproblemisthatthe imageisoffcenterorisnotquitetherightsizeonthemonitor,youcanusuallycorrect itusingthecontrolsonyourmonitor.Notethatmostmodernmonitorsarecapableof storingseparatesettingsforeachresolution,sochangingthesettingsforanewmode shouldnotimpairthesettingsforthehostresolution.
Configuring Sound
VMwareServerprovidesasounddevicecompatiblewiththeCreativeTechnology SoundBlasterAudioAPIadapterandsupportssoundinWindows95,Windows98, WindowsMe,WindowsNT,Windows2000,WindowsXP,WindowsServer2003,and Linuxguestoperatingsystems.TheVMwareServersounddeviceisdisabledbydefault andmustbeinstalledusingthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings). SoundsupportincludesPCM(pulsecodemodulation)output,andinput.Forexample, youcanplay.wavfiles,MP3audio,andRealMediaaudio.MIDIoutputfromWindows guestsissupportedthroughtheWindowssoftwaresynthesizer.MIDIinputisnot supported,andnoMIDIsupportisavailableforLinuxguests. Windows2000,WindowsXP,andmostrecentLinuxdistributionsautomaticallydetect thesounddeviceandinstallappropriatedriversforit. ThefollowingsectionsdescribeinstallingsounddriversinsomeWindowsguest operatingsystems.
Installing Sound Drivers in a Windows Server 2003 Guest OS

WindowsServer2003doesnotshipwiththedriversfortheSoundBlasterAudioPCI adapter.Forthe32bitversionofWindowsServer2003,youcaninstallthedriversfrom aWindows2000installationCDROM.Forinformationoninstallingthesedrivers,see theVMwareknowledgebasearticleat www.vmware.com/support/kb/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=1115.Forthe64bit versionofWindowsServer2003,asounddriverisinstalledwhenyouinstallVMware Tools.FormoreinformationaboutVMwareTools,seeUsingVMwareToolson page 39.
Installing Sound Drivers in Windows 9x and NT Guest OS

Windows95,Windows98,Windows98SE,andWindowsNT4.0donothavedrivers fortheSoundBlasterAudioPCIadapter.Tousesoundintheseguestoperating systems,youmustdownloadthedriverfromtheCreativeLabsWebsite (www.creative.com)andinstallitintheguestoperatingsystem.
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CreativeLabshasanumberofWebsitesservingvariousregionsoftheworld.The adapternamevaries,dependingontheregion,butusuallyincludesPCI128.
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Performance Tuning for Virtual Machines

C HAPTER 10
ThischapterdescribesoptionsforgettingthebestperformancefromVMwareServer andyourvirtualmachinesandcoversthefollowingtopics:
! !
AllocatingMemorytoaVirtualMachineonpage 251 ImprovingPerformanceforGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 253
Allocating Memory to a Virtual Machine

VMwareServerallowsyoutoallocateaportionoftheVMwareServerhostmemoryto eachvirtualmachine.Byadjustingthissetting,youcanaffectthevirtualmachines performance. Yousetthesizeofanindividualvirtualmachinesmemoryinthevirtualmachine settingseditorortheVMwareManagementInterface.Theminimumsizeofthe memoryforthevirtualmachineshouldbesetbasedontherecommendationsofthe operatingsystemprovider. Whenyoucreateanewvirtualmachine,thewizardsetswhatVMwarebelievesare reasonabledefaultsforthememorysizeofavirtualmachine,basedonthetypeofthe guestoperatingsystemandtheamountofmemoryinthehostcomputer. Thefollowingsectiondescribeshowyoucanallocatememorytoavirtualmachine: ConfiguringVirtualMachineMemoryfromaConsoleonpage 252. Theactualsizethatshouldbegiventoavirtualmachinedependsonafewpractical considerations:
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Whatkindsofapplicationswillruninthevirtualmachine. Whatothervirtualmachineswillcontendwiththisvirtualmachineformemory resources. Whatapplicationswillrunonthehostatthesametimeasthevirtualmachine.
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Thetotalamountofhostmemorythatallrunningvirtualmachinescanuse;for moreinformation,seeSpecifyingHowMuchRAMisUsedbyAllRunning VirtualMachines. Thefilesystemwherethevirtualmachineisstored.Youcannotallocatemorethan 2000MBofmemorytoavirtualmachineifitisstoredonafilesystemthatcannot supportfileslargerthan2GB,suchasFAT16.Youwillnotbeabletopoweronsuch avirtualmachine.Further,youcannotallocatemorethan2000MBofmemorytoa virtualmachineifitisstoredonaFAT32filesystem,eventhoughitdoessupport filesupto4GBinsize.
Formoreinformationonhostmemoryuse,seeUnderstandingMemoryUsage.
Configuring Virtual Machine Memory from a Console

TosetthesizeofanindividualvirtualmachinesmemoryfromtheVMwareVirtual MachineConsole,completethefollowingsteps. 1 2 Connecttothevirtualmachinewithaconsole. Openthevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings).Thevirtualmachine settingseditoropenswiththeMemorytabselected.
Allocatememorytothevirtualmachine.Usethesliderorspincontroller,ortype theamountofmemorytoallocateintheMBfield.Thevaluemustbeamultipleof four. NOTE Theminimumsizeofthememoryforthevirtualmachineshouldbeset basedontherecommendationsoftheoperatingsystemprovider.
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Chapter 10 Performance Tuning for Virtual Machines
Improving Performance for Guest Operating Systems

Thetipsinthissectionhelpyoumakeadjustmentstoimproveperformancefor particularguestoperatingsystemsrunninginsideavirtualmachine. Thefollowingsectionsdescribetipstoimproveperformanceforvariousguest operatingsystems:
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Windows2000,WindowsXPandWindowsServer2003GuestOSPerformance Tipsonpage 253 Windows95andWindows98GuestOperatingSystemPerformanceTipson page 254 LinuxGuestOperatingSystemPerformanceTipsonpage 256
Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 Guest OS Performance Tips
ThissectionoffersadviceforconfiguringaWindows2000,WindowsXP,orWindows Server2003guestoperatingsystemforbetterperformanceinsideavirtualmachine. NOTE Thissectionpertainstotheguestoperatingsystemthatisrunninginsidea VMwareServervirtualmachine.Itdoesnotdescribeactionsthatshouldbe takenonWindows2000orWindowsServer2003runningonthehost computer.
Guest Operating System Selection

Makecertainyouhaveselectedthecorrectguestoperatingsysteminthevirtual machinesettingseditor.ChooseVM>Settings>Options.
VMware Tools
MakecertainVMwareToolsisinstalled.VMwareToolsprovidesanoptimizedSVGA driverandsetsuptheVMwareToolsservicetorunautomaticallywhenthesystem starts.Amongotherthings,VMwareToolsallowsyoutosynchronizethevirtual machinesclockwiththehostcomputersclock,whichcanimproveperformancefor somefunctions.InstallVMwareToolsbychoosingVM>InstallVMwareTools.
Disconnect the Virtual CD-ROM Drive

UsingtheRemovableDevicessubmenu,disconnectthevirtualCDROMdriveifyou donotneedtouseit.DisconnectingtheCDROMdrivereducesprocessorusage.
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Visual Effects
ThefadeeffectsthatWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer2003usewhen displayingmenuscanbesomewhatslowandmakethevirtualmachineseemless responsive. Todisablethefadeeffects,rightclicktheguestoperatingsystemdesktop,thenchoose Properties>Appearance>Effects(onWindowsXPorWindowsServer2003)or Properties>Effects(onWindows2000)anddeselecttheUsetransitioneffectsfor menusandtooltipscheckbox.
Full Screen Mode

Runyourvirtualmachineinfullscreenmode.ClicktheFullScreenbuttononthe VMwareVirtualMachineConsoletoolbar.
Enabling Hardware Acceleration (Windows Server 2003 Guests)

WindowsServer2003disableshardwareaccelerationbydefault.Thisslowsdown graphicsperformanceandmouseresponsivenessintheguestoperatingsystem. WhenyouinstallVMwareToolsinaWindowsServer2003guest,youarepromptedto enablethehardwareaccelerationsetting.VMwarerecommendsyouenablehardware accelerationfully. ToenablehardwareaccelerationinaWindowsServer2003guestatalatertime,open theWindowsControlPanel,thenopentheDisplayPropertiescontrolpanel.Onthe Settingstab,clickAdvanced.OntheTroubleshoottab,dragtheHardwareacceleration sliderallthewaytoFull.
Windows 95 and Windows 98 Guest Operating System Performance Tips

ThissectionoffersadviceforconfiguringaWindows95orWindows98guestoperating systemforbetterperformanceinsideaVMwareServervirtualmachine.

VMware Tools
MakecertainVMwareToolsisinstalled.VMwareToolsprovidesanoptimizedSVGA driverandsetsuptheVMwareToolsservicetorunautomaticallywhenthesystem starts.Amongotherthings,theVMwareToolsserviceallowsyoutosynchronizethe virtualmachinesclockwiththehostcomputersclock,whichcanimprove
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Chapter 10 Performance Tuning for Virtual Machines
performanceforsomefunctions.InstallVMwareToolsbychoosingVM>Install VMwareTools.
DMA Mode for IDE Disks

Windows95OSR2andhigher(includingWindows98)canusedirectmemoryaccess (DMA)forfasterIDEharddiskaccess.However,DMAmightnotbeenabledby default. YoucanturnonDMAaccessusingtheguestoperatingsystemsDeviceManager. 1 2 3 4 5 RightclickMyComputerandchoosePropertiesfromthepopupmenu. Clickthe+signbesideDiskDrivestoshowyourvirtualmachinesindividual drives. RightclicktheentryforeachIDEdrivetoopenitsPropertiesdialogbox. UnderSettings,checktheboxlabeledDMAandacceptanywarningWindows displays. RestarttheWindowsguestforthenewsettingstotakeeffect.
Full Screen Mode

Swap File Usage

Inyoursystem.inifile,inthe[386enh]section,addthefollowingline: ConservativeSwapFileUsage=1
Disconnect CD-ROM
UsingtheRemovableDevicessubmenu,disconnectyourCDROMdriveifyoudonot needtouseit.DisconnectingtheCDROMdrivereducesprocessorusage.
Visual Effects
Windows98hasanumberofvisualeffects,designedtobeattractive,thatplace unnecessarydemandsonthegraphicsemulationinVMwareServer.Someusershave seenperformanceimprovementswhentheyturnoffthesespecialeffects. Tomodifythesesettings,rightclickonthedesktopofyourvirtualmachine,thenselect Propertiesfromthepopupmenu.ClicktheEffectstabanddeselecttheAnimate windows,menus,andlistscheckbox.
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Also,ifShowwindowcontentswhiledraggingischecked,trydeselectingthatcheck box.
Linux Guest Operating System Performance Tips

ThissectionoffersadviceforconfiguringaLinuxguestoperatingsystemforbetter performanceinsideaVMwareServervirtualmachine. NOTE Thisdocumentpertainstotheguestoperatingsystemthatisrunninginsidea VMwareServervirtualmachine.Itdoesnotdescribeactionsthatshouldbe takenonLinuxrunningonthehostcomputer.

VMware Tools
MakecertainVMwareToolsisinstalled.VMwareToolsprovidesanoptimizedSVGA driverandsetsuptheVMwareToolsservicetorunautomaticallywhenthesystem starts.Amongotherthings,theVMwareToolsserviceallowsyoutosynchronizethe virtualmachinesclockwiththehostcomputersclock,whichcanimprove performanceforsomefunctions.InstallVMwareToolsbychoosingVM>Install VMwareTools.
Disconnect CD-ROM
UsingtheRemovableDevicessubmenu,disconnectyourCDROMdriveifyoudonot needtouseit.DisconnectingtheCDROMdrivereducesprocessorusage.
Install in Text Mode

WhenyouareinstallingyourLinuxguestoperatingsystem,usethetextmodeinstaller insteadofthegraphicalinstallerifyouhaveachoice.Thismakestheinstallation processfaster. IfyoudouseagraphicalinstallerandifyouareusingaLinuxhostcomputer,trytorun thevirtualmachineinfullscreenmodeduringtheinstallation.
Full Screen Mode

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Glossary
AddHardwareWizard Apointandclickinterfaceforaddingvirtualhardwaretoavirtualmachine.To launchtheWizard,poweroffthevirtualmachine,openthevirtualmachine settingseditor,thenclickAdd.Itpromptsyouforinformationforconfiguringthe hardware,suggestingdefaultvaluesinmostcases. SeealsoVirtualmachinesettingseditor. Bridgednetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandtherestoftheworld. Underbridgednetworking,avirtualmachineappearsasanadditionalcomputer onthesamephysicalEthernetnetworkasthehost. SeealsoHostonlynetworking. Configuration SeeVirtualmachineconfigurationfile. Console SeeVMwareServerConsole. Currentvirtualmachine AvirtualmachinecreatedunderthecurrentVMwareServerversionand WorkstationServer5.x. SeealsoLegacyvirtualmachine. Customnetworking Anytypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehostthatdoes notusethedefaultbridged,hostonlyornetworkaddresstranslation(NAT) networkingconfigurations.Forinstance,differentvirtualmachinescanbe connectedtothehostbyseparatenetworksorconnectedtoeachotherandnotto thehost.Anynetworktopologyispossible.
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EULA Theenduserlicenseagreement. Existingpartition Apartitiononaphysicaldiskinthehostmachine. SeealsoPhysicaldisk. Fullscreenmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen. SeealsoQuickswitchmode. Growabledisk Atypeofvirtualdiskwherethediskspaceisnotpreallocatedtoitsfullsize.Its filesstartoutsmallinsizeandgrowasdataiswrittentoit. Guestoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsinsideavirtualmachine. SeealsoHostoperatingsystem. Headless Adescriptionforaprogramorapplicationthatrunsinthebackgroundwithout anygraphicaluserinterfaceconnectedtoit.Avirtualmachinerunningwithno consolesconnectedtoitisconsideredtoberunningheadless. Hostonlynetworking Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehost.Under hostonlynetworking,avirtualmachineisconnectedtothehostonaprivate network,whichnormallyisnotvisibleoutsidethehost.Multiplevirtualmachines configuredwithhostonlynetworkingonthesamehostareonthesamenetwork. SeealsoBridgednetworking,CustomnetworkingandNetworkaddress translation. Hostcomputer ThephysicalcomputeronwhichtheVMwareServersoftwareisinstalled.Ithosts theVMwareServervirtualmachines.
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Glossary
Hostoperatingsystem Anoperatingsystemthatrunsonthehostmachine. SeealsoGuestoperatingsystem. Independentdisk Anindependentdiskisatypeofvirtualdiskthatisnotaffectedbysnapshots. Independentdiskscanbeconfiguredinpersistentandnonpersistentmodes. SeealsoNonpersistentmode,Persistentmode. Inventory Alistintheleftpaneloftheconsolewindowthatshowsthenamesofvirtual machinesthatauserhasaddedtothelist.Theinventorymakesiteasytolauncha virtualmachineortoconnecttothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileinorderto makechangesinthevirtualmachinesettings. Legacyvirtualmachine AvirtualmachinecreatedunderVMwareGSXServerorVMwareWorkstation3 or4.SeealsoCurrentvirtualmachine. Networkaddresstranslation(NAT) Atypeofnetworkconnectionthatallowsyoutoconnectyourvirtualmachinesto anexternalnetworkwhenyouhaveonlyoneIPnetworkaddress,andthataddress isusedbythehostcomputer.IfyouuseNAT,yourvirtualmachinedoesnothave itsownIPaddressontheexternalnetwork.Instead,aseparateprivatenetworkis setuponthehostcomputer.Yourvirtualmachinegetsanaddressonthatnetwork fromtheVMwarevirtualDHCPserver.TheVMwareNATdevicepassesnetwork databetweenoneormorevirtualmachinesandtheexternalnetwork.Itidentifies incomingdatapacketsintendedforeachvirtualmachineandsendsthemtothe correctdestination. SeealsoBridgednetworking,CustomnetworkingandHostonlynetworking. NewVirtualMachineWizard Apointandclickinterfaceforconvenient,easycreationofavirtualmachine configuration.TolaunchtheWizard,chooseFile>NewVirtualMachine.It promptsyouforinformation,suggestingdefaultvaluesinmostcases.Itcreates filesthatdefinethevirtualmachine,includingavirtualmachineconfigurationfile and(optionally)avirtualdiskorphysicaldiskfile. SeealsoVirtualmachinesettingseditor.
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Nonpersistentmode Amodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machinewithadiskinnonpersistentmodeappeartobewrittentodiskbutarein factdiscardedafterthevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Ifyouconfigureavirtual diskorphysicaldiskasanindependentdiskinnonpersistentmode,thediskisnot modifiedbyVMwareServer. SeealsoIndependentdisk,Persistentmode Persistentmode Amodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual machineareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentothevirtualdisk.Ifyou configureavirtualdiskorphysicaldiskasanindependentdiskinpersistentmode, thediskbehaveslikeaconventionaldiskdriveonaphysicalcomputer. SeealsoIndependentdisk,Nonpersistentmode Physicaldisk Aharddiskinavirtualmachinethatismappedtoaphysicaldiskdriveor partitiononthehostmachine.Avirtualmachinesdiskcanbestoredasafileon thehostfilesystemoronalocalharddisk.Whenavirtualmachineisconfigured touseaphysicaldisk,VMwareServerdirectlyaccessesthelocaldiskorpartition asarawdevice(notasafileonafilesystem). SeealsoVirtualdisk. Preallocateddisk Atypeofvirtualdiskwherealldiskspaceforthevirtualmachineisallocatedat thetimethediskiscreated.Thisisthedefaulttypeofvirtualdiskcreatedby VMwareServer. Quickswitchmode Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillsmostofthescreen.In thismode,tabsatthetopofthescreenallowyoutoswitchquicklyfromone runningvirtualmachinetoanother. SeealsoFullscreenmode. Rawdisk Seephysicaldisk.
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Glossary
Redolog Thefilethatstoresthechangesmadetoadiskinindependentnonpersistentmode. Theredologfileisdeletedwhenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachine withoutwritinganychangestothedisk. Resume Returnavirtualmachinetooperationfromitssuspendedstate.Whenyouresume asuspendedvirtualmachine,allapplicationsareinthesamestatetheywerewhen thevirtualmachinewassuspended. SeealsoSuspend. Shrink Reducetheamountoffilesystemspaceavirtualdiskoccupiesinordertoreclaim unusedspaceinavirtualdisk.Ifthereisemptyspaceinthedisk,shrinking reducestheamountofspacethevirtualdiskoccupiesonthehostdrive.You cannotshrinkpreallocatedvirtualdisksorphysicaldisks. Snapshot Awaytopreservethestateofavirtualmachinethestateofthedataonallthe virtualmachinesdisksandthevirtualmachinespowerstate(whetherthevirtual machinewaspoweredon,poweredofforsuspended).Youcantakeasnapshotof avirtualmachineatanytimeandreverttothatsnapshotatanytime.Thevirtual machinecanbepoweredon,poweredofforsuspended. Supportedpartition AvirtualdiskpartitionthatVMwareToolscanprepareforshrinking,suchasone ofthedrivesthatcomprisethevirtualharddisk.Youcanchoosetonotprepare certainpartitionsforshrinking. SeealsoShrink. Suspend Savethecurrentstateofarunningvirtualmachine.Toreturnasuspendedvirtual machinetooperation,usetheresumefeature. SeealsoResume. Unsupportedpartition AvirtualdiskpartitionthatVMwareToolscannotprepareforshrinking. Unsupportedpartitionsincludereadonlydrivepartitions,partitionsonremote devicesandpartitionsonremovabledevicessuchasfloppydrivesorCDROM
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drives. SeealsoShrink. Virtualdisk Avirtualdiskisafileorsetoffilesthatappearsasaphysicaldiskdrivetoaguest operatingsystem.Thesefilescanbeonthehostmachineoronaremotefilesystem. Whenyouconfigureavirtualmachinewithavirtualdisk,youcaninstallanew operatingsystemintothediskfilewithoutneedingtorepartitionaphysicaldisk orrebootthehost.Virtualdiskscanbepreallocatedorgrowable.Apreallocated virtualdiskhasallthediskspaceallocatedatthetimethevirtualdiskiscreated.A growablediskisnotpreallocated;itsfilesstartoutsmallinsizeandgrowasdata iswrittentoit. SeealsoPhysicaldisk. Virtualhardware Thedevicesthatcompriseavirtualmachine.Thevirtualhardwareincludesthe virtualdisk,theremovabledevicessuchastheDVDROM/CDROMandfloppy drives,andthevirtualEthernetadapter.Youconfigurethesedeviceswiththe virtualmachinesettingseditor. Virtualmachine Avirtualizedx86PCenvironmentinwhichaguestoperatingsystemand associatedapplicationsoftwarecanrun.Multiplevirtualmachinescanoperateon thesamehostmachineconcurrently. Virtualmachineconfiguration Thespecificationofwhatvirtualdevices(disks,memorysize,andsoforth)are presentinavirtualmachineandhowtheyaremappedtohostfilesanddevices. Virtualmachineconfigurationfile Afilecontainingavirtualmachineconfiguration.Itiscreatedwhenyoucreatethe virtualmachine.ItisusedbyVMwareServertoidentifyandrunaspecificvirtual machine. Virtualmachinesettingseditor Apointandclickcontrolpanelusedtoviewandmodifyavirtualmachines settings.YoulaunchitbychoosingVM>Settings. SeealsoNewVirtualMachineWizard.
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Glossary
VirtualNetworkEditor Apointandclickeditorusedtoviewandmodifythenetworkingsettingsforthe virtualnetworkscreatedbyVMwareServer.YoulaunchbychoosingHost> VirtualNetworkSettings. VirtualSMP Symmetricmultiprocessingenablesyoutoassigntwovirtualprocessorstoa virtualmachineonanyhostmachinethathasatleasttwologicalprocessors. VMwareAuthorizationService TheserviceVMwareServeremploystoauthenticateusers.ForbothMicrosoft WindowsandLinuxhosts,thisprocessiscalledvmware-authd. VMwareManagementInterface Abrowserbasedtoolthatallowsyoutocontrol(start,suspend,resume,resetand stop),configureandmonitorvirtualmachinesandtheserveronwhichtheyrun. VMwareRegistrationService TheserviceVMwareServeremploysformanagingconnectionstovirtual machinesandtheVMwareManagementInterface.Thisprocessisknownas vmware-serverdonLinuxhostsandvmware-serverdwin32onMicrosoftWindows hosts. VMwareTools Asuiteofutilitiesanddriversthatenhancestheperformanceandfunctionalityof yourguestoperatingsystem.KeyfeaturesofVMwareToolsincludesomeorallof thefollowing,dependingonyourguestoperatingsystem:anSVGAdriver,a mousedriver,theVMwareToolsservice,theVMwareToolscontrolpanel,and supportforsuchfeaturesastheabilitytoshrinkvirtualdisks,time synchronizationwiththehost,VMwareToolsscriptsandtheabilitytoconnectand disconnectdeviceswhilethevirtualmachineisrunning. VMwareToolsservice OneofthecomponentsinstalledwithVMwareToolsthatperformsvariousduties intheguestoperatingsystem,likeexecutingcommandsinthevirtualmachine, gracefullyshuttingdownandresettingavirtualmachine,sendingaheartbeatto VMwareServer,synchronizingthetimeoftheguestoperatingsystemwiththe hostoperatingsystemandpassingstringsfromthehostoperatingsystemtothe guestoperatingsystem.
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VMwareServerConsole Aninterfacetoavirtualmachinethatprovidesaccesstooneormorevirtual machinesonthelocalhostoraremotehostrunningVMwareServer.Youcanview thevirtualmachinesdisplaytorunprogramswithinitormodifyguestoperating systemsettings.Inaddition,youcanchangethevirtualmachinesconfiguration, installtheguestoperatingsystemorrunthevirtualmachineinfullscreenmode.
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Index
Symbols
.bmp 81 .dsk 26 .log 25 .png 81 .REDO 26 .vmdk 25, 122 .vmsn 26 .vmss 26 .vmx 25
Address assigning IP 174 assigning MAC manually 177 IP in virtual machine 33 IP on virtual network 172 MAC 176 network address translation 190 using DHCP to assign on a virtual network 172 Assign IP address 172 MAC address 176 Autofit 97 Automatic bridging 165
A
Access to physical disks 146 Adapter host virtual 154 in promiscuous mode on a Linux host 189 virtual Ethernet 162 Add devices to virtual machine 103 DVD or CD drive 137 floppy drive 138 generic SCSI device 239 host virtual adapter 168 parallel port 212 physical disk 134 serial port 216 software to virtual machine 101 virtual disk 132 virtual Ethernet adapter 162 Add Hardware Wizard 257
B
BIOS file in virtual machine 25 provided in virtual machine 12 Bridge 154 Bridged networking configuring options 164 Bridged networking defined 257 BSD supported guest operating systems 16, 19 VMware Tools for 50 Build number 60
C
Capture screen shot of virtual machine 81
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CD adding drive to virtual machine 137 CD-ROM image file 13 legacy emulation 87 Change See Configure Chip set in a virtual machine 12 Color screen colors in a virtual machine 247 Commands keyboard shortcuts 106 on the command line 105 Compress See Shrink Configuration, virtual machine 262 Configure automatic bridging 165 devices in virtual machine 103 DHCP on Linux host 173 DHCP on Windows host 173 DHCP settings 167 display resolution on a Linux host 248 generic SCSI device 237, 239 host virtual network mapping 166 memory size 251 NAT 193 NAT on Linux host 200 networking 164 parallel port 212 parallel port on a Linux host 213 screen colors 247 second bridged network on a Linux host 179 serial port 216 sound 249 USB controller 233
virtual Ethernet adapter 162 virtual network 153, 155, 159, 162 virtual network subnet settings 167 VMware Tools 56 X server 248 Connect removable devices 104 USB devices 234 Controls, hiding 98 Copy 102 Core files 22 CPU host requirement 4 CPU, provided in virtual machine 12 Create virtual machine 25 Current virtual machine 86 defined 257 Cut 102
D
DDNS 179 Defragment virtual disks 125 Delete virtual machine from inventory 80 Devices adding, configuring and removing 103 connecting and disconnecting 104 disconnecting from USB controller 237 keyboard 226 legacy emulation 87 parallel port 211 provided in virtual machine 12 scanners 238 serial ports 216 tape changers 238 tape drives 238 USB 232
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Index
DHCP assigning IP addresses on a virtual network 172 changing settings 167 configuring on a Linux host 173 configuring on a Windows host 173 DHCP server 155 on a virtual network with NAT 191 server on virtual network 157158 troubleshooting on a Linux host 178 dhcpd 178 Dial-up connection 175 Direct memory access See DMA Disable host virtual adapter 168 Disconnect removable devices 104 USB devices 237 Disk files 122 Disk modes compared to snapshot 117 Disks adding virtual disks 132 available in virtual machine 13 defragmenting 125 DMA and performance 255 existing partition 258 file locations 122 growable 120 independent 114, 121 nonpersistent mode 122 persistent mode 122 physical 260 preallocated 120 See also Virtual disk shrinking 81, 125 size 120
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virtual 120, 262 virtual disk files 25 virtual disk manager 139 virtual disk size in new virtual machine 28 Display color depth 247 fitting virtual machine to window 97 fitting window to virtual machine 97 full screen 95 multiple monitor 96 resolution on a Linux host 248 switching virtual machines 95 DMA and disk performance 151, 255 DNS 191 Drawing tablet in a virtual machine 14 Driver SCSI 238 sound 249 Drives See Disks Dual-monitor display 96 DVD, adding drive to virtual machine 137 Dynamic domain name service 179
E
Enable host virtual adapter 168 Ethernet adapter in a virtual machine 14 adapter in promiscuous mode on a Linux host 189 adding virtual adapter 162 See Network virtual adapter 155 Event log 22 Existing disk, using in a virtual machine 121
267
Expand virtual machine screen size 97
avoiding concurrent access on a Linux host 243 on a Linux host 243 on a Windows host 240 permissions 244 virtual machine devices 237 Windows NT driver 238 Windows Server 2003 driver 238 Graphics support in virtual machine 13, 247 Growable disk 120 Guest operating system defined 258 installing 37 supported 15
F
Fault tolerance 165 Files BIOS in virtual machine 25 location of virtual disk files 29 log 25 redo log 26 Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 201 snapshot 26 used by a virtual machine 25 used by snapshot 26 virtual disk files 25 Firewall 198 Fit virtual machine to window 97 window to virtual machine 97 Floppy add drive to virtual machine 138 drives in virtual machine 13 image file 13 Format virtual disk 36 FreeBSD supported guest operating systems 16, 19 VMware Tools for 50 FTP 192 Full screen mode using 95 Full screen mode, defined 258
H
Halt virtual machine 92 Headless 258 Hide controls 98 Hints 80 Host computer defined 258 system requirements 4 Host operating system, defined 259 Host virtual adapter adding 168 defined 154 disabling 168 enabling 168 removing 168 Host virtual network mapping 166 Host-only networking basic configuration 158 defined 258 selecting IP addresses 172
G
gated 177 Generic SCSI adding to virtual machine 239
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Index
I
ICMP 192 IDE drives in virtual machine 13 See Disks virtual disk 35 Image file floppy 13 ISO 13, 137 Independent disks 121 Install guest operating system 37 guest operating system on physical disk 146 log 24 silent 48 software in a virtual machine 101 VMware Tools 41 Internet connection sharing 159 Inventory defined 259 hide 98 removing from list 80 Iomega parallel port Zip drives 216 IP address assigning 174 in virtual machine 33 IP forwarding 175 ISO image file 13, 137
Keysym mapping 228 Knowledge base 20
L
Launch virtual machine 82, 84 Leak IP packets in a virtual machine 175 IP packets in host-only network 174 Legacy emulation 87 Legacy virtual machine 86 defined 259 Linux keyboard mapping 226 supported guest operating systems 16 supported host operating systems 7 VMware Tools for 50 Lock files 124 Log files console installation 24 virtual machine 22, 25 virtual machine event log 22 VMware Authorization Service 23 VMware Management Interface 23 VMware Registration Service 23 VMware Server Console 22 VMware Server installation 24
M
MAC address 176177 Map key code 228 keyboard 226 keysym 228
K
Key code mapping 228 Keyboard in a virtual machine 14 mapping on a Linux host 226 shortcuts 106 USB 237
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Memory allocating to virtual machine 32 amount required on host 5 available in virtual machine 13 setting size 251 virtual machine memory size 251 Migrate, upgrading virtual disks 45 Mode full screen 95, 258 nonpersistent compared to snapshot 117 persistent compared to snapshot 117 quick switch 95, 260 snapshot and disk modes compared 117 Mouse in a virtual machine 14 USB 237 MS-DOS, supported guest operating systems 17
NetWare See Novell NetWare Network adding and modifying virtual Ethernet adapters 162 automatic bridging 165 bridge 154 bridged networking 257 changing DHCP settings 167 changing subnet settings 167 changing the configuration 162 common configurations 155 components 153 configuring 153 configuring bridged networking options 164 custom configurations 159 custom networking 257 DHCP 172 DHCP server 155 dial-up connection 175 dynamic domain name service 179 fault tolerance 165
N
NAT advanced configuration 193 and DHCP 191 and DNS 191 and the host computer 191 defined 259 external access from a NAT network 192 on virtual network 157, 190 sample configuration file for Linux host 200 selecting IP addresses 172 virtual device 154 when creating a virtual machine 33 nat.conf 195, 200
hardware address 176 host virtual adapter 154 host virtual network mapping 166 host-only 158, 258 host-only subnet 172 Internet connection sharing 159 IP forwarding 175 IP packet leaks 174175 MAC address 176 NAT 157, 190 NAT as firewall 198 NAT device 154 NAT subnet 172
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Index
packet filtering 175 promiscuous mode on a Linux host 189 routing between two host-only networks 185 routing on a Linux host 177 Samba 201 second bridged network on a Linux host 179 specifying in virtual machine 33 switch 153 teamed NICs 166167, 180 Token Ring 157, 159 troubleshooting DHCP on a Linux host 178 two host-only networks 182 virtual DHCP server 157158 virtual Ethernet adapter 155 Virtual Network Editor 165, 169, 173, 263 virtual switch 153 wireless network 156 Network adapter in a virtual machine 14 Network adapter teaming 166167, 180 Network address translation See NAT Network driver vlance 155, 162 vmxnet 87, 155, 162 New Virtual Machine Wizard 27, 119, 259 NIC adding and configuring virtual Ethernet adapter 162 promiscuous mode on a Linux host 189 Nonpersistent mode, compared to snapshot 117
Novell NetWare VMware Tools for 53 Novell NetWare, supported guest operating systems 19 nvram 25, 99
O
Operating system guest 258 host 259 installing guest 37 supported guest 15 supported Windows host 6
P
Packet filtering 175 leaks 174175 Parallel port in a virtual machine 14 Parallel ports and Iomega Zip drives 216 and the Linux kernel 211 configuring on a Linux host 213 in a virtual machine 211 installing in virtual machines 212 Partition virtual disk 36 Partition, existing 258 Passwords, Samba password file 206 Paste 102 PCI slots in virtual machine 13 limits 13 Performance DMA and disks 255 Linux guest 256 memory usage 251
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Windows 2000 guest 253 Windows 95 and Windows 98 guests 254 Permissions and running virtual machines 26 Persistent mode, compared to snapshot 117 Physical disk adding 134 defined 260 installing guest operating system on 146 using in a virtual machine 121 Ping 192 Power buttons for a virtual machine 78 Preallocated disk 120 Preallocated disk, defined 260 Private virtual machines 26 Processor host requirement 4 Processor, provided in virtual machine 12 Promiscuous mode 189 PXE boot 100
devices from virtual machine 103 host virtual adapter 168 removable devices 104 USB devices 237 virtual machine from inventory 80 Restore suspended virtual machine 91 virtual machine to state in snapshot 112 Resume virtual machine 91, 109 Resume, defined 261 Return See Revert to snapshot Revert to snapshot 112 routed 177 Routing between two host-only networks 185 for a host-only network on a Linux host 177 Run suspended virtual machine 91, 109
S
Samba already running on a Linux host 207 and file sharing on a Linux host 201 and printer sharing 202 on both bridged and host-only networks 208 password file 206 running two Samba servers 208 sample configuration file 202, 204, 208 Save state of virtual machine 91, 109, 112 Screen colors 247 Screen modes
Q
Quick switch mode 95, 260 Quiet mode, install VMware Tools 48
R
RAM amount required on host 5 RAM available in virtual machine 13 Raw disk See Physical disk Redo log, defined 261 Registration 20 Remove controls 98
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Index
full screen 95 quick switch 95 Screen shot, capturing 81 Scripts running during power state changes 55 VMware Tools and 58, 61 SCSI adding a generic SCSI device 239 avoiding concurrent access on a Linux host 243 connecting to generic SCSI device 237 devices in virtual machine 13 driver for Windows NT guest 238 driver for Windows Server 2003 guest 238 driver for Windows XP guest 238 generic SCSI on a Linux host 243 generic SCSI on a Windows host 240 permissions for a generic SCSI device on a Linux host 244 virtual disk 35 Serial connection between host application and virtual machine 220 between two virtual machines 221 to a serial port on the host 217 Serial number 83 Serial port in a virtual machine 13 installing and using 216 Server DHCP 155, 161, 168, 173, 178, 191, 198 DNS 179, 191, 194 Samba 201
WINS 193, 198 X on a Linux host 248 Set up automatic bridging 165 DHCP on Linux host 173 DHCP on Windows host 173 DHCP settings 167 display resolution on a Linux host 248 generic SCSI device 237, 239 host virtual network mapping 166 memory size 251 networking 164 parallel port 212, 216 parallel port on a Linux host 213 screen colors 247 second bridged network on a Linux host 179 software in virtual machine 101 sound 249 USB controller 233 virtual machine 25 virtual network 153, 155, 159, 162 virtual network subnet settings 167 VMware Tools 56 X server 248 Settings for a virtual machine 103 Share files on a Linux host with Samba 201 Shortcuts keyboard 106 Shrink virtual disks 81, 125 Shrink, defined 261 Shut down virtual machine 92 Silent install 48 Size
VMware, Inc.
273
virtual machine window 97 smb.conf 202, 204, 208 SMBIOS in a virtual machine 12 Snapshot compared to disk modes 117 defined 261 files 26 removing 116 reverting virtual machine 112 ways of using 114 what is saved in 113 Solaris VMware Tools for 50 Sound configuring 249 drivers for Windows 9x and Windows NT guest operating systems 249 drivers for Windows Server 2003 guest operating systems 249 in a virtual machine 14 Specifications for virtual machine platform 12 Start suspended virtual machine 91, 109 virtual machine 82, 84 VMware Tools 80 Status bar, hide 98 Stop virtual machine 92 Subnet changing settings 167 in NAT configuration 172 on host-only network 172 Support resources, technical 19 Supported guest operating system 15
Supported host operating system Windows 6 Supported partition 261 Suspend virtual machine 91, 109 Suspend, defined 261 Switch, virtual network 153 System requirements 4 remote workstation 10
T
Tabs, hide 98 Take screen shot of virtual machine 81 Teamed network interface cards 166 167, 180 Technical support resources 19 Telnet 192 Text, cutting, copying and pasting 102 Token Ring 157, 159 Toolbar hide 98 power buttons on 78 Tools installing VMware Tools 41 See VMware Tools starting VMware Tools 80 Trend Micro Virus Buster installation issues 102 Turn off virtual machine 92
U
Uninstall host virtual adapter 168 Unplug USB devices 237 Unsupported partition 261 Upgrade virtual disks 45 USB connecting devices 234 control of devices by host and
274
VMware, Inc.
Index
guest 236 devices in a virtual machine 232 disconnecting devices 237 enabling and disabling the controller 233 keyboard and mouse 237 on a Linux host 235 on a Windows host 235 supported device types 233 virtual machine ports 14 User groups 20 User interface 75
current 86 defined 262 installing software in 101 legacy 86 log 22 moving between VMware products 86 platform specifications 12 power buttons 78 powering off when host shuts down 92 powering on when host starts up 92 private 26 resuming 91, 109
V
Video resolution on a Linux host 248 See also Display Virtual disk add to virtual machine 132 defined 120, 262 disk type 35 formatting 36 growable 120 location 29 migrating 45 partitioning 36 preallocated 120 See also Disks shrinking 61, 63, 143, 146 size 28, 132 specifying IDE 35 specifying SCSI 35 Virtual hardware 262 Virtual machine capturing screen shot of 81 constituent files 25 creating 25
running off CD-ROM discs or DVDs 98 shutting down 92 special power options 88 starting 82, 84 suspending 91, 109 window size 97 Virtual machine settings editor using 103 Virtual machine settings editor, defined 262 Virtual Network Editor 263 Virtual SMP 244 Virtual switch 153 Virus Buster See Trend Micro Virus Buster vlance network driver 155, 162 vmnet1.conf 179 VMnet8 191 VMware Authorization Service defined 263 log 23 VMware community forums 20 VMware guest operating system service
275
VMware, Inc.
defined 263 VMware Management Interface changing virtual machine power state 90 defined 263 log 23 VMware Registration Service defined 263 log 23 VMware Server Console 264 connecting from Linux host or client 84 connecting from management interface 85 connecting from Windows host or client 82 log 22 VMware Server host powering virtual machines on and off 92 VMware Tools automated install 48 build number 60 choosing scripts 58, 61 configuring 56 defined 263 for FreeBSD guests 50 for Linux guests 50 for NetWare guests 53 for Solaris guests 50 for Windows guests 41 installing 41 running scripts during power state changes 55 silent install 48 starting 80 VMware Tools service 6873 VMware Tools service
276
executing commands on halt or reboot 70 passing information between the guest and a VMware Scripting API script 73 passing strings from the host 70 time synchronization 69 VMware Tools 6873 VMware Virtual Disk Manager 139 VMware Virtual Machine Console overview 75 vmware.log 25 vmware-authd See VMware Authorization Service vmware-config-tools.pl 52 vmware-serverd See VMware Registration Service vmxnet network driver and older virtual machines 87 configuring 162 virtual network component 155 V-scan code table of codes 229
W
Window size 97 Windows VMware Tools for 41 Windows 95 sound driver 249 Windows 98 sound driver 249 Windows NT SCSI driver for guest 238 sound driver 249 Windows Server 2003 installing guest operating system 37 SCSI driver for guest 238
VMware, Inc.
Index
sound driver 249 Windows XP, SCSI driver for guest 238 Windows, supported guest operating systems 15 Wireless network 156 Wizard add hardware 257 new virtual machine 27, 123, 259
X
X server and keyboard mapping 227 configuring 248 required on Linux client 11 required on Linux host 9 XFree86 and keyboard mapping 227 configuring 248 required on Linux client 11 required on Linux host 9
Z
Zip drives on a parallel port 216
VMware, Inc.
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VMware, Inc.

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Virtual Machine Guide

VMware Server 1.0

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Revision: 20060706 Item: SVR-ENG-Q206-227

VMware, Inc. 3145 Porter Drive Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

WhatsinaVirtualMachine? .........................................25 CreatingaNewVirtualMachinewiththeVirtualMachineWizard ........27 InstallingaGuestOperatingSystem .....................................37 Example:InstallingWindowsServer2003asaGuestOS.................37

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

Glossary..............................................................257 Index .................................................................265

Introduction and System Requirements

VMwareServerOverviewonpage 1 FeaturesofVMwareServeronpage 2 HostSystemRequirementsonpage 5 VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 12 SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 15 TechnicalSupportResourcesonpage 20

VMware Server Overview

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

Features of VMware Server

Support for 32-bit and 64-bit Guest Operating Systems

Two-Way Virtual SMP (Experimental Support)

Connect to VMware GSX Virtual Machines and Hosts

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Upgrade and Use GSX Virtual Machines

Move Existing Virtual Machines

Compatible with VMware Workstation 5.x Virtual Machines

Configure Virtual Hardware Devices to be Automatically Detected

Take and Revert to Snapshots in the Background

Support for VMware Virtual Machine Importer

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

Support for VirtualCenter

APIs Included with VMware Server

Host System Requirements

Server Host Hardware

(Standardx86basedserverwithupto16processorshostswith32bitIA32 processors,andIA32processorswith64bitextensionssupported 733MHzorfastercompatiblex86processorthatsupportsthePentiuminstruction set

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

AMD:Athlon,AthlonMP,AthlonXP,AMDOpteron,AMDAthlon64, Turion64. ExperimentalsupportforAMDSempron. Multiprocessorsystemsaresupported. Dualcoreprocessorsaresupportedandcountedasoneprocessorfor licensing.

Processor Requirements for 64-bit Guests Yourservermustberunningoneofthefollowing64bitprocessorstobeableto configureavirtualmachinerunninga64bitguest.

AMDAthlon64,revisionDorlater AMDOpteron,revisionEorlater AMDTurion64,revisionEorlater AMDSempron,64bitcapablerevisionDorlater IntelEM64TVTcapableprocessors

64GBforWindowshostsandLinuxhoststhatsupportlargememoryorare PAEenabled 4GBfornonPAEenabledWindowshostsor2GBforLinuxhostswithkernels inthe2.2.xseries

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

Host Hard Disk

Diskspacein/tmponLinuxhostsshouldbeequivalentto1.5timesthe amountofmemoryonthehost.Forinformationonthe/tmpdirectory,read VMwareknowledgebasearticle844at http://www.vmware.com/support/kb/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=844.

Local Area Networking

AnyEthernetcontrollerthatthehostoperatingsystemsupports. NonEthernetnetworksaresupportedusingbuiltinnetworkaddresstranslation (NAT)orusingacombinationofhostonlynetworkingplusroutingsoftwareon thehostoperatingsystem. StaticIPaddressforyourhostmachine(recommended).

Windows Host Operating System Requirements

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

MicrosoftWindowsServer2003Enterprise,Standard,Web,andSmallBusiness Editions,includingServicePack1 MicrosoftWindows2000AdvancedServer,ServicePack3andServicePack4 MicrosoftWindows2000Server,ServicePack3andServicePack4

Linux Host Operating System Requirements

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

SUSELinux10.1 SUSELinux9.3 SUSELinux9.2,includingSP1 SUSELinux9.1stock2.6.452 MandrivaLinux2006 UbuntuLinux5.04and5.10 UbuntuLinux6.06(experimentalsupport)

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

Running VMware Server on Some SUSE Linux Hosts

VmPerl and VmCOM APIs

Remote Client Requirements

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Software Requirements Windows Remote Client

Software Requirements Linux Remote Client

Forsingleprocessorsystems:kernel2.0.32orhigherinthe2.0.xseries,or kernelinthe2.2.x,2.4.xor2.6.xseries. ForSMPsystems:kernelinthe2.2.x,2.4.xor2.6.xseries Linuxkernel2.2.145.0isnotsupported.

Perl5.005xorhigherisrequiredtouseVmPerlAPI. XserverisrequiredtoruntheVMwareServerConsoleontheclient. TheVMwareManagementInterfacerequiresoneofthesebrowsers:

VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide

NetscapeNavigator7.0 Asnewbrowserversionsarereleased,VMwareteststheVMware ManagementInterfaceforstabilityandreliabilitywiththeseversions. VMwaremakeseveryefforttoaddsupportfornewbrowserversionsin atimelymanner,butuntilabrowserisaddedtotheabovelist,itsuse withtheproductisnotsupported.

VmPerl and VmCOM APIs

Virtual Machine Specifications

IntelPentiumIIorlater,orAMDAthlonorlater,dependingonhostprocessor; IntelEMT64VT(experimentalsupport). Singleandmultiprocessorpervirtualmachineonsymmetricmultiprocessor (SMP)systems.

Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements

Upto3600MBofmemorypervirtualmachine,dependinguponthehostsystems configuration,thetypesofapplicationsrunningonthehost,andtheamountof memoryonthehost.