Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Characterized
Conflict Theory
Alternative to functionalism Macrosociological theoretical perspective Resentment and hostility are constant elements of society Power differences among social classes Special interest groups fight over scarce resources of society
Interest
others
Competition puts society off-balance until dominant group gains control and stability through power
Influences
Controlling
material production division of labor formation of economic social classes Class struggle
Trying to combine material and ideal factors/ structural and cultural factors
Marx (contd)
1.
2.
Society was a two-class system: Bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) Proletariat (workers)
Marx (contd)
Class differences have a lot to do with possession of personal property Believed the exploited would become conscious and unite communism elimination of class struggle Main ideas behind communism are stated in the communist manifesto
Agreed with Marx (economics played a central role in power distinction). Believed in Two other factors:
1.
Example: someone could be poor and still hold a lot of power because of social prestige Mother Theresa
Example: Politician who has great power, but does not earn a big salary
2.
Political influence
Weber defined power as the ability to impose ones will on another, even when the other objects (p. 72 CST) Authority: legitimate power; used with consent of the ruled Distribution of power and authority = basis of social conflict HOWEVER: if subordinates believe in the authority= avoided conflict
People with power want to keep it People w/out power want to seek it 3 types of authority:
1. 2. 3.
Disagreed with Marx that social classes are formed horizontally There are differences in power and opinions within each group.
Superiordinate
relationship
are usually in conflict with the greater society Initiation creates hierarchy
1. 2.
Ideas of Marx, Weber, and Simmel resurfaced in America in the 1950s through two German Sociologists: Lewis Coser Ralph Dahrendorf
Conflict is part of relationships and is not necessarily a sign of instability Conflict serves several functions: Leads to social change Can stimulate innovation During times of war threat, can increase central power
Explored sixteen propositions of conflict through functions Thought that conflict= boundaries between different groups unity between individual members of that group and determines boundaries of power
Concept of power elite, rather than ruling class=difference between Marx and Mills There is a triangle of power: Military Industry Politics White-collar world kept power elite on top
Concluded that coercion and the ability to force others to behave a certain way are the primary basis of conflict (p.96)
Had a stratified approach to conflict that had 3 basic principles and 5 principles of conflict analysis
Individual actions
Social Structure
Relevancy
Maintains that what social order does, is the result of power elites coercion of masses Those without power seek social change Two class system by Marx Contemporary conflict theorists dont limit power to just economics, but also look at other issues
Relevancy (contd)
1.
2. 3.
Three criticisms of conflict theory: Ignores other ways (i.e. non-forceful ways in which people reach agreements Sides with people who lack power Focuses on economic factors as the sole issue for all conflict in society
Relevancy (contd)
Differences in power are in all types of interaction Power used to be physical, but now, its legal and economic