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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

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CONTENTS.........................................................................................................................................................1

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung

 ti mn hc

Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

LI M U

Nng lng ng vai tr quan trng trong vic to ra ca cait vt cht, ph v i sng con ngi. Theo s pht trin ca x hi, con ngi khai thc rt nhiu ngun nng lng nh : Than , du m, ngun chy ca dng sng v bin c, mt ri gi ,v.v.nhng u vit hn ht l ngun nng lng in. Ngy nay, in nng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc ngnh nh :in t ,giao thng vn ti, chiu sng cho n nng nghip in nng d dng c bin i thnh cc ngun nng lng khc nh: quang nng, nhit nng, c nng ngoi ra in nng cn l ngun nng lng sch v d dng truyn ti i, Tuy nhin in nng l mt ngun nng lng c bit. Nng lng khng th ct gi khi d tha. Do yu cu c t ra l phi s dng in sao cho c hiu qu. Trong c cu s dng in nng vo cc mc ch khc nhau th in nng dng cho chiu sng thng chim trn 20% tng in nng tiu th, hn na n c s dng vo gi cao im khi m ph ti nh rt ln buc h thng in phi huy ng ton b cng sut, do vn chiu sng hiu qu v tit kim in cn c quan tm. c s hng dn ca thy Dng Trung Kin v vi kin thc hc c trong thi gian qua ti trng cng nh trong thc tin, em xin trnh by bo co v cc gii php tit kim nng lng trong chiu sng. Trong qu trnh lm bo co khng trnh khi nhng sai st, em rt mong nhn c nhng kin t cc thy c bn bo co ca em c hon thin hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n !

H Ni, ngy thng nm 2011 Sinh vin Cao S Qung

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

CHNG I : KHI NIM TRONG CHIU SNG Quang thng (cng chiu sng) : Quang thng l cng sut pht x pht ra t ngun sng. Quang thng c o bng lumen (lm). Quang thng i din cho tng lng nh sng pht ra t bng n. Lng nh sng hiu qu : l lng nh sng thc t ti ni lm vic. c o bng n v pht nn (fc) fc = lm / v din tch (pht vung)

ri (E) : ri E(n v lux) l i lng c trng cho thng lng nh sng trn mt n v din tch. Mt din tch mt cu 1m2 c mt ngun sng cng 1 candela s c ri l 1 lux.
1 Lux = 1lm / m2

Cng nh sng : Cng nh sng biu th chm tia sng t b n cng nh b phn x. Cng nh sng ph thuc vo hnh dng v sng, c tnh chm tia hp hay rng ca n v cha n. Cng o bng Candela (cd). Cng sng = cng nh sng theo mt phng nht nh. chi (L) : L cm nhn v nh sng m mt ngi c th quan st c ti khu vc chiu sng hoc ngun sng. chi thng c ngha hn ri khi xem xt cht lng chiu sng. chi o bng Candela trn mt vung (cd/m2) la : la lm gim kh nng nhn r v gy kh chu. C 2 loi la l la trc tip v la do phn x. La trc tip gy ra bi b n khng c che chu o, hoc ngun sng mnh trc tip trong vng nhn thy. La phn x xut hin do nh sng t mt mt sng bng.
Sinh vin : Cao S Qung 3

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

chiu sng : Cng nh sng trn mi n v din tch t l nghch vi bnh phng ca khong cch tnh t ngun (v bn cht l bn knh). E = I / d2 hon mu ( hin sc ) : hin sc m t tc ng ca nh sng pht ra t n ln cc vt th c mu sc. Ph thuc vo v tr v mc ch s dng, nh sng nhn to cn lm cho mu sc ca vt c th trng ging nh khi c chiu sng t nhin. Mt ch tiu o hin sc l ch s Ra. S khc nhau cng ln th ch s Ra cng thp. Gi tr ln nht l 100. Ch s Ra cng thp, mu sc c th hin cng km.

Nhit mu : Nhit mu(o bng n v Kenvin) l mu ca nh sng

m ngun sng pht ra. Nhit mu c nh ngha l nhit tuyt i ca mt vt bc x en c ph bc x ging ph bc x ca ngun sng.

Hiu sut ca n : Hiu sut ca n l i lng o hiu sut ca ngun sng trong n v lumen trn Ot(LPW), l tham s xc nh lng nh sng pht ra khi tiu th mt Ot nng lng in cao lp t: cao ca vt hay n so vi mt phng lm vic.

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

CHNG II : THC TRNG S DNG NNG LNG TRONG CHIU SNG S dng nng lng cho chiu sng ngy cng chim t trng ln v tng nhanh ng k trong tng nhu cu v nng lng s dng trong cc ta nh v s pht thi kh nh knh. S liu ca C quan Nng lng quc t (IEA) cho bit tng tiu dng in dnh cho thp sng trn ton cu nm 2007 ln ti 2.650.000 t Wh , tng ng 19% nng lng in c s dng trn ton cu. Lng kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh do in thp sng thi vo kh quyn nm 2005 tng ng vi 8% lng kh thi ton cu. Tn tht nng lng mt nhiu chi ph cho h thng chiu sng nguyn nhn l do :

thc ngi s dng. Cha tn dng ti a chiu sng t nhin. Mt chiu sng cn cao (chiu sng tha).

Bng hunh quang T10 v chn l u truyn thng vn c dng ph bin, cha s dng nhiu cc loi n tit kim nng lng c hiu sut cao nh n compact, hunh quang T8/T5. Khng s dng iu khin t ng chiu sng ti cc khu vc cng cng nh cc khu v sinh, snh, hnh lang, n qung co...

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

CHNG III : CC GII PHP S DNG NNG LNG HIU QU 2.1 Chiu sng t nhin Tin ch ca vic chiu sng t nhin thay th chiu sng bng in vo ban ngy c nhiu ngi bit n nhng cng ngy cng b b qua c bit cc vn phng c trang b iu ho khng kh hin i v cc khu thng mi nh khch sn, trung tm mua bn vv. Nhn chung, cc nh my cng nghip s dng nh sng ban ngy theo mt s mu, nhng h thng chiu sng ban ngy c thit k khng ng c th dn n nhng phn nn t nhn vin hoc dn n vic s dng thm cc n in vo ban ngy. Mt vi phng php tn dng chiu sng t nhin :
S dng ca vi mi vm

FRP c kin trc c bn c th loi tr vic s dng n in trong hnh lang ca cc nh cao tng.

S dng nh sng t nhin t ca s. Tuy

Ca c mi vm FRP

nhin, ca s nn c thit k tt trnh nh sng chi : kt hp vi rm, lam che nng. Cc thit k i mi c th ph hp v chng loi tr chi ca nh sng ban ngy v rt hp vi ni tht. Cc di knh chy sut b ngang ca mi nh theo cc khong u c th cung cp chiu sng tt, ng nht trong cc xng cng nghip v cc nh kho.

Mi che kt hp knh trong sut

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

2.2 Gim s lng n gim lng chiu sng tha Gim s lng n l mt phng php hiu qu gim tiu th nng lng chiu sng. Trong mt vi ngnh cng nghip, gim chiu cao lp t ca n, cung cp b n hiu qu v sau tho n s m bo vic chiu sng hu nh khng b nh hng g. Gim s lng n nhng khng gian trng ni khng c hot ng lm vic cng l mt khi nim hu ch. C mt vi vn v gim bt n lin quan n s kt ni gia n v chn lu trong cc gi n c nhiu n. C chn lu ni tip v chn lu song song. Hu ht chn lu l c mc ni tip. T l khong 50/50, chn lu ni tip chuyn thnh song song khi s dng chn lu in t. Vi chn lu ni tip, khi tho mt n ra khi chn lu, n cn li s khng sng ng cch v s hng nu vn tip tc hot ng. Nhng n khng c tho c th s khng sng hoc s nhp nhy hoc sinh ra nh sng rt yu. Do vy, vi chn lu ni tip chng ta cn tho tt c n ra khi chn lu. Chn lu s tip tc s dng nng lng, t 10W n 12W vi chn lu t v t 1W n 2W vi chn lu in. Chn lu song song c th rt bt m khng gy qu nhiu vn v thng c tiu th bi cc nh sn xut chy t hn mt n so vi cc nhn hiu danh ngha. 2.3 Chiu sng theo cng vic Chiu sng theo cng vic ngha l cung cp chiu sng tt theo yu cu ch tp trung vo din tch thc, cng vic c thc hin trong khi vic chiu sng chung cho xng hoc vn phng ch gi mc thp hn; v d n gn vo cc my mc hoc n bn. C th tit kim c nng lng bi v n c cng sut thp cng c th to ra chiu sng theo cng vic tt. Khi nim v chiu sng theo cng vic nu c thc hin mt cch hp l th c th gim s lng chm n chiu sng chung, gim cng sut ca n, tit kim ng k nng lng v cung cp vic chiu sng tt hn v cng to ra mi trng thm m v d chu hn. mt vi nh my dt, gim cao ca cc chm n tup lm tng thm chiu sng v cng gim c gn 40% s chm n. nhn thy li ch kp ca vic tiu th nng lng thp hn v chi ph thay th thp hn. mt vi ngnh k thut, chiu sng theo cng vic trong cc thit b my mc c cung cp bi cc n hunh quang compact (CFL). Thm ch trong cc vn phng, chiu sng theo bn khu bit bng cc n hunh quang compact (CFL) c th c a chung hn, thay v cung cp s lng ln n tup hunh quang chiu sng chung ng b. 2.4 Chn lu in t
Sinh vin : Cao S Qung 7

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

Chn lu in t thng thng c s dng cung cp in p cao hn thp n tup v hn ch dng in trong sut thi gian hot ng bnh thng. Chn lu in t l b dao ng chuyn i tn s cung cp t khong 20.000 Hz ln ti 30.000 Hz. S tht thot trong chn lu in t cho n tup ch khong 1W, trong khi 10W n 15W vi bm gi tiu chun. Li ch na l hiu sut ca n tup tng dng in cao hn, dn n tit kin thm nu chn lu c nh gi mt cch lc quan cung cp hiu sut sng ging vi bm gi thng thng. V th, c th tit kim c khong 15W n 20W vi mi n tup bng cch s dng chn lu in t. Vi chn lu in t, b khi ng b loi b v n tup lp tc sng m khng b nhp nhy. Rt nhiu ngnh cng nghip lp chn lu in t vi s lng ln cho n tup. Hot ng c th tin cy c min l chn lu in t c mua t cc nh sn xut c cng nhn. Chn lu in t cng c dng cho n tup hunh quang loi 20W v 65W, n CFL loi 9W &11W, n LPSV loi 35W v n HPSV loi 70W. By gi chng u c nhng gi tr thng mi.

2.5 Cc loi n tit kim nng lng

2.5.1 n hunh quanh T5, T8 v Compac n hunh quang c hiu sut ln hn n si t tiu chun t 3 n 5 ln v c tui th t 10 n 20 ln. Dng in chy qua cht kh hoc kim loi bay hi c th gy ra bc x in t ti nhng bc sng nht nh tu theo thnh phn cu to ho hc v p sut kh. Nguyn tc hot ng ca bng n ng hunh quang l phng in trong kh km v hunh quang th cp. Khi dy tc b t nng, cc in t bt ra ngoi, chuyn ng v cc i din cng l dy tc nng sng c ph bt in t. Na chu k sau, chng chuyn ng theo chiu ngc li. Nu trong ng t mt git thu ngn nh hoc kh krypton th in t va phi phn t kh hoc thu ngn, lm thu ngn hoc crypton pht sng, bc x pht ra lc l t ngoi hoc cc tm c nng lng ln. Hin tng ny gi l in hunh quang. Bc x cc tm v t ngoi tc dng ln bt hunh quang thnh ng pha trong, lm bt bc x nh sng c mu ph thuc vo thnh phn ca bt l nhng cht g. Hin tng ny gi l quang hunh quang.

Bng n ng hunh quang c nhiu mu, ngay c mu trng th cng c nhiu

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung 8

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

mu trng khc nhau. Ring bng n ng hunh quang triphotpho 100 c nhit mu 5.310 K, nm trong ph nhy cm ca mt ngi ban ngy v tr mu tt nht nn rt tt cho hc sinh, sinh vin. Ti hc ng cn nh sng u nu cn ngun sng di. Bng T5/ T8 ph hp trong cc trng hc, cc phn xng sn xut hoc gia nh nhng chim khng gian ln, in p dao ng ln, nh hn 180 V th khng th sng c. V bng n hunh quang compact c thu nh nn c th lp mt s v tr nh trong nh, ng xm song khng nn lp nhng ni m t, nng qu hoc lnh qu v khi hiu sut pht sng ca bng s gim v nhanh hng . Ngoi ra, n compac c di sng hp nn ch chiu sng cc khng gian nh. Mi ln bt n, cc n phng in (n hunh quang, n compact, n sodium cao p, n halogen kim loi...) cn mt in p cao mi sng n (nh chn lu, b kch) trong mt thi gian rt ngn (mt vi giy) v khi n chy sng th in p s gim xung. Mi ln bt n nh vy s nh hng n tui th n (tan r lp oxit ph trn in cc) ch khng ht mt lng in ln (v thi gian xy ra rt nhanh v lc cha c dng qua n). Theo quan im tit kim in, nu khng cn thit th khng nn bt n. Tuy nhin nu bt tt thng xuyn s lm nh hng n tui th n. V th cn cn nhc khi s dng n (nu thi gian khng cn s dng lu th nn tt n). Ngoi ra cn ni thm, i vi n LED bt tt nhiu ln s khng nh hng n tui th n, v th nu c iu kin kinh t chng ta c th chuyn i sang n LED tit kim in. 2.5.2 n led LED c tui th 80.000-100.000 gi. Cu to c bn ca n LED l hai lp bn dn p v n tip xc nhau. Ty cht liu ca p v n, LED c th pht ra nh sng c mu khc nhau, t xanh l cy, , n trng... Do tiu hao nhit rt t, LED hu nh khng nung nng mi trng xung quanh v, khc vi cc loi bng n khc, nh sng LED khng gy chi, mi mt, khng pht ra tia cc tm. Bng vic ghp nhiu LED nh bng ht vi nhau, c th to mt mi trng nh sng rc r trong mt khng gian rng ln, thm ch c th nhit m 30 C. Tuy vy, gi thnh LED hin vn cn cao nn VN mi dng cho qung co, thnh phn hin th ca cc my o. Cn cc nc khc s dng cho khu du lch, vui chi gii tr, hng nm tit kim c rt nhiu tin in.
Sinh vin : Cao S Qung 9

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

2.5.3 n catot lnh Bng n Catot lnh cng ngh mi nht ca Nht Bn(ging bng n tup, lp trc tip vo mng, in 220V, khng cn tc te v chn lu): 0,6m(12w); 1,2m(24w) v cc loi bng khc: 7,8,9,12,14w ui xoy, bn hn n hunh quang gp 10 ln, chu c lc va p, tit kim n 60% nng lng in tiu th, c th iu chnh sng ti nh bng n si t 2.5.4 n LVD

S nguyn l hot ng n LVD

S mch in n LVD

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

S khi my pht tn s cao kch n LVD.

S mch dimming n LVD

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

Bng so snh n LVD v n MH v HPS.

Hiu qu tit kim in nng ca n LVD. ng dng : n LVD hin ang c s dng ph bin nc ngoi, hin ang thm nhp vo th trng Vit Nam. Cc lnh vc ng dng ca n LVD l :

Chiu sng kho xng, trm xng.

Chiu sng siu th, phng trin lm

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung 12

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

Chiu sng trong khch sn, nh thi u th thao

Chiu sng cu, ng. 2.5.5 Cm bin 2.5.6 Thit b tit kim n cao p DIMMER B tit kim in DIMMER s dng cho b n ng hin c, khng phi thay b mi v chn lu. B iu khin s ghi nhn s thay i v iu chnh sao cho m bo chiu sng c trng:

Chiu sng tit kim, hiu qu Cng ngh b iu khin Dimmer thng minh, c th t c 30% n 60% tit kim in.
Lp t trc tip vo b n hin c, khng phi thay th cc thit b c trong

n.
t c thi gian bt u tit gim t lc bt n: 0 n 6 h Sinh vin : Cao S Qung 13

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

S dng trong trng hp ci to mng li chiu sng thnh h thng chiu

sng tit kim nng lng, hiu sut chiu sng cao, v d t 6h n 11h chiu sng 100% cng sut, 11h n 6h sng chiu sng 50% cng sut S dng cho n 150W, 250W
Lp t vo b n c chn lu st t v b mi hin

CHNG IV : KT LUN

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung

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Gii php tit kim nng lng h thng chiu sng

Vic s dng nng lng trong chiu sng ti nc ta hin cn nhiu bt hp l, n xut pht t s thiu hiu bit ca ngi s dng v cc bin php chiu sng hp l cng nh vic s dng thit b chiu sng bt hp l. Vic tuyn truyn rng ri v cc bin php chiu sng hp l cng nh vic s dng cc thit b chiu sng hp l l iu cn thit ti nc ta hin nay, trong bn bo co ny em c trnh by 1 s cc bin php chiu sng hp l cng nh 1 s thit b chiu sng tit kim nng lng. Tuy nhin do kin thc c hn, bi bo co cn nhiu thit st, em rt mong nhn c cc kin ng gp t cc thy c gio.

Sinh vin : Cao S Qung

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