lrlerv|eW 0uesl|ors ard ArsWers lor NelWor||rg

Axapla Code so|ul|ors Educal|or ard Erlerla|rrerls Earr Vorey |ls Rea| Exper|erce ol |roW|edge

lrlerv|eW 0uesl|ors ard ArsWers lor NelWor||rg
1. 0el|re NelWor|?
A relWor| |s a sel ol dev|ces correcled oy prys|ca| red|a ||r|s. A relWor| |s recurs|ve|y |s a correcl|or ol lWo or
rore rodes oy a prys|ca| ||r| or lWo or rore relWor|s correcled oy ore or rore rodes.
2. wral |s a L|r|?
Al lre |oWesl |eve|, a relWor| car cors|sl ol lWo or rore corpulers d|recl|y correcled oy sore prys|ca| red|ur sucr
as coax|a| cao|e or opl|ca| l|oer. 3ucr a prys|ca| red|ur |s ca||ed as L|r|.
3. wral |s a rode?
A relWor| car cors|sl ol lWo or rore corpulers d|recl|y correcled oy sore prys|ca| red|ur sucr as coax|a| cao|e
or opl|ca| l|oer. 3ucr a prys|ca| red|ur |s ca||ed as L|r|s ard lre corpuler |l correcls |s ca||ed as Nodes.
1. wral |s a galeWay or Rouler?
A rode lral |s correcled lo lWo or rore relWor|s |s corror|y ca||ed as rouler or 0aleWay. ll gerera||y lorWards
ressage lror ore relWor| lo arolrer.
5. wral |s po|rl-po|rl ||r|?
ll lre prys|ca| ||r|s are ||r|led lo a pa|r ol rodes |l |s sa|d lo oe po|rl-po|rl ||r|.
. wral |s Vu|l|p|e Access?
ll lre prys|ca| ||r|s are srared oy rore lrar lWo rodes, |l |s sa|d lo oe Vu|l|p|e Access.

Z. wral are lre advarlages ol 0|slr|ouled Process|rg?
a. 3ecur|ly/Ercapsu|al|or
o. 0|slr|ouled dalaoase
c. Fasler Proo|er so|v|rg
d. 3ecur|ly lrrougr redurdarcy
e. Co||aooral|ve Process|rg
8. wral are lre cr|ler|a recessary lor ar ellecl|ve ard ell|c|erl relWor|?
a. Perlorrarce
ll car oe reasured |r rary Ways, |rc|ud|rg lrarsr|l l|re ard resporse l|re. o. Re||ao|||ly
ll |s reasured oy lrequercy ol la||ure, lre l|re |l la|es a ||r| lo recover lror a la||ure, ard lre relWor|'s roouslress.
c. 3ecur|ly
3ecur|ly |ssues |rc|udes prolecl|rg dala lror uraulror|zed access ard v|rues.
9. Nare lre laclors lral allecl lre perlorrarce ol lre relWor|?
a. Nuroer ol users
o. Type ol lrarsr|ss|or red|ur
c. lardWare
d. 3ollWare
10. Nare lre laclors lral allecl lre re||ao|||ly ol lre relWor|?
a. Frequercy ol la||ure
o. Recovery l|re ol a relWor| aller a la||ure
11. Nare lre laclors lral allecl lre secur|ly ol lre relWor|?
a. uraulror|zed Access
o. v|ruses
12. wral |s Proloco|?
A proloco| |s a sel ol ru|es lral goverr a|| aspecls ol |rlorral|or corrur|cal|or.
13. wral are lre |ey e|ererls ol proloco|s?
Tre |ey e|ererls ol proloco|s are
a. 3yrlax
ll relers lo lre slruclure or lorral ol lre dala, lral |s lre order |r Wr|cr lrey are preserled.
o. 3erarl|cs
ll relers lo lre rear|rg ol eacr secl|or ol o|ls.
c. T|r|rg
T|r|rg relers lo lWo craracler|sl|cs: wrer dala srou|d oe serl ard roW lasl lrey car oe serl.
11. wral are lre |ey des|gr |ssues ol a corpuler NelWor|?
a. Correcl|v|ly
o. Cosl-ellecl|ve Resource 3rar|rg
c. 3upporl lor corror 3erv|ces
d. Perlorrarce
15. 0el|re 8ardW|dlr ard Lalercy?
NelWor| perlorrarce |s reasured |r 8ardW|dlr (lrrougrpul) ard Lalercy (0e|ay). 8ardW|dlr ol a relWor| |s g|ver oy
lre ruroer ol o|ls lral car oe lrarsr|lled over lre relWor| |r a cerla|r per|od ol l|re. Lalercy correspords lo roW
|org |l l5a|es a ressage lo lrave| lror ore erd oll a relWor| lo lre olrer. ll |s slr|cl|y reasured |r lerrs ol l|re.
1. 0el|re Roul|rg?
Tre process ol delerr|r|rg sysleral|ca||y roe lo lorWard ressages loWard lre desl|ral|or rodes oased or |ls
address |s ca||ed roul|rg.
1Z. wral |s a peer-peer process?
Tre processes or eacr racr|re lral corrur|cale al a g|ver |ayer are ca||ed peer-peer process.
18. wrer a sW|lcr |s sa|d lo oe corgesled?
ll |s poss|o|e lral a sW|lcr rece|ves pac|els lasler lrar lre srared ||r| car accorrodale ard slores |r |ls rerory, lor
ar exlerded per|od ol l|re, lrer lre sW|lcr W||| everlua||y rur oul ol ouller space, ard sore pac|els W||| rave lo oe
dropped ard |r lr|s slale |s sa|d lo corgesled slale.
19. wral |s serarl|c gap?
0el|r|rg a uselu| crarre| |rvo|ves oolr urderslard|rg lre app||cal|ors requ|rererls ard recogr|z|rg lre ||r|lal|ors ol
lre urder|y|rg lecrro|ogy. Tre gap oelWeer Wral app||cal|ors expecls ard Wral lre urder|y|rg lecrro|ogy car
prov|de |s ca||ed serarl|c gap.
20. wral |s Rourd Tr|p T|re?
Tre dural|or ol l|re |l la|es lo serd a ressage lror ore erd ol a relWor| lo lre olrer ard oac|, |s ca||ed RTT.
21. 0el|re lre lerrs ur|casl|rg, Vu|l|ccasl|rg ard 8roadcasl|rg?
ll lre ressage |s serl lror a source lo a s|rg|e desl|ral|or rode, |l |s ca||ed ur|casl|rg.
ll lre ressage |s serl lo sore suosel ol olrer rodes, |l |s ca||ed Vu|l|casl|rg.
ll lre ressage |s serl lo a|| lre r rodes |r lre relWor| |l |s ca||ed 8roadcasl|rg.
22. wral |s Vu|l|p|ex|rg?
Vu|l|p|ex|rg |s lre sel ol lecrr|ques lral a||oWs lre s|ru|lareous lrarsr|ss|or ol ru|l|p|e s|gra|s across a s|rg|e dala
||r|.
23. Nare lre calegor|es ol Vu|l|p|ex|rg?
a. Frequercy 0|v|s|or Vu|l|p|ex|rg (F0V)
o. T|re 0|v|s|or Vu|l|p|ex|rg (T0V)
|. 3yrcrrorous T0V
||. A3yrcrrorous T0V 0r 3lal|sl|ca| T0V.
c. wave 0|v|s|or Vu|l|p|ex|rg (w0V)
21. wral |s F0V?
F0V |s ar ara|og lecrr|que lral car oe app||ed Wrer lre oardW|dlr ol a ||r| |s grealer lrar lre coro|red oardW|dlrs
ol lre s|gra|s lo oe lrarsr|lled.

25. wral |s w0V?
w0V |s corceplua||y lre sare as F0V, excepl lral lre ru|l|p|ex|rg ard deru|l|p|ex|rg |rvo|ve ||grl s|gra|s
lrarsr|lled lrrougr l|oer opl|cs crarre|.
2. wral |s T0V?
T0V |s a d|g|la| process lral car oe app||ed Wrer lre dala rale capac|ly ol lre lrarsr|ss|or red|ur |s grealer lrar
lre dala rale requ|red oy lre serd|rg ard rece|v|rg dev|ces.
2Z. wral |s 3yrcrrorous T0V?
lr 3T0V, lre ru|l|p|exer a||ocales exacl|y lre sare l|re s|ol lo eacr dev|ce al a|| l|res, Wrelrer or rol a dev|ce ras
arylr|rg lo lrarsr|l.
28. L|sl lre |ayers ol 03l
a. Prys|ca| Layer
o. 0ala L|r| Layer
c. NelWor| Layer
d. Trarsporl Layer
e. 3ess|or Layer
l. Preserlal|or Layer
g. App||cal|or Layer
29. wr|cr |ayers are relWor| supporl |ayers?
a. Prys|ca| Layer
o. 0ala ||r| Layer ard
c. NelWor| Layers
30. wr|cr |ayers are user supporl |ayers?
a. 3ess|or Layer
o. Preserlal|or Layer ard
c. App||cal|or Layer
31. wr|cr |ayer ||r|s lre relWor| supporl |ayers ard user supporl |ayers?
Tre Trarsporl |ayer ||r|s lre relWor| supporl |ayers ard user supporl |ayers.
32. wral are lre corcerrs ol lre Prys|ca| Layer?
Prys|ca| |ayer coord|rales lre lurcl|ors requ|red lo lrarsr|l a o|l slrear over a prys|ca| red|ur.
a. Prys|ca| craracler|sl|cs ol |rlerlaces ard red|a
o. Represerlal|or ol o|ls
c. 0ala rale
d. 3yrcrror|zal|or ol o|ls
e. L|re corl|gural|or
l. Prys|ca| lopo|ogy
g. Trarsr|ss|or rode
33. wral are lre respors|o|||l|es ol 0ala L|r| Layer?
Tre 0ala L|r| Layer lrarslorrs lre prys|ca| |ayer, a raW lrarsr|ss|or lac|||ly, lo a re||ao|e ||r| ard |s respors|o|e lor
rode-rode de||very.
a. Frar|rg
o. Prys|ca| Address|rg
c. F|oW Corlro|
d. Error Corlro|
e. Access Corlro|
31. wral are lre respors|o|||l|es ol NelWor| Layer?
Tre NelWor| Layer |s respors|o|e lor lre source-lo-desl|ral|or de||very ol pac|el poss|o|y across ru|l|p|e relWor|s
(||r|s).
a. Log|ca| Address|rg
o. Roul|rg
35. wral are lre respors|o|||l|es ol Trarsporl Layer?
Tre Trarsporl Layer |s respors|o|e lor source-lo-desl|ral|or de||very ol lre erl|re ressage.
a. 3erv|ce-po|rl Address|rg
o. 3egrerlal|or ard reassero|y
c. Correcl|or Corlro|
d. F|oW Corlro|
e. Error Corlro|
3. wral are lre respors|o|||l|es ol 3ess|or Layer?
Tre 3ess|or |ayer |s lre relWor| d|a|og Corlro||er. ll eslao||sres, ra|rla|rs ard syrcrror|zes lre |rleracl|or oelWeer
lre corrur|cal|rg syslers.
a. 0|a|og corlro|
o. 3yrcrror|zal|or
3Z. wral are lre respors|o|||l|es ol Preserlal|or Layer?
Tre Preserlal|or |ayer |s corcerred W|lr lre syrlax ard serarl|cs ol lre |rlorral|or excrarged oelWeer lWo
syslers.
a. Trars|al|or
o. Ercrypl|or
c. Corpress|or
38. wral are lre respors|o|||l|es ol App||cal|or Layer?
Tre App||cal|or Layer erao|es lre user, Wrelrer rurar or sollWare, lo access lre relWor|. ll prov|des user |rlerlaces
ard supporl lor serv|ces sucr as e-ra||, srared dalaoase raragererl ard olrer lypes ol d|slr|ouled |rlorral|or
serv|ces.
a. NelWor| v|rlua| Terr|ra|
o. F||e lrarsler, access ard Varagererl (FTAV)
c. Va|| serv|ces
d. 0|reclory 3erv|ces
39. wral are lre lWo c|asses ol rardWare ou||d|rg o|oc|s?
Nodes ard L|r|s.
10. wral are lre d|llererl ||r| lypes used lo ou||d a corpuler relWor|?
a. Cao|es
o. Leased L|res
c. Lasl-V||e L|r|s
d. w|re|ess L|r|s
11. wral are lre calegor|es ol Trarsr|ss|or red|a?
a. 0u|ded Ved|a
|. TW|sled - Pa|r cao|e
1. 3r|e|ded TP
2. ursr|e|ded TP
||. Coax|a| Cao|e
|||. F|oer-opl|c cao|e
o. urgu|ded Ved|a
|. Terreslr|a| r|croWave
||. 3ale|||le Corrur|cal|or
12. wral are lre lypes ol errors?
a. 3|rg|e-8|l error
lr a s|rg|e-o|l error, or|y ore o|l |r lre dala ur|l ras crarged
o. 8ursl Error
A 8ursl error rears lral lWo or rore o|ls |r lre dala rave crarged
13. wral |s Error 0elecl|or? wral are |ls relrods?
0ala car oe corrupled dur|rg lrarsr|ss|or. For re||ao|e corrur|cal|or errors rusl oe deducled ard Correcled. Error
0elecl|or uses lre corcepl ol redurdarcy, Wr|cr rears add|rg exlra o|ls lor delecl|rg errors al lre desl|ral|or. Tre
corror Error 0elecl|or relrods are
a. verl|ca| Redurdarcy Crec| (vRC)
o. Lorg|lud|ra| Redurdarcy Crec| (vRC)
c. Cyc||c Redurdarcy Crec| (vRC)
d. Crec|sur
11. wral |s Redurdarcy?
Tre corcepl ol |rc|ud|rg exlra |rlorral|or |r lre lrarsr|ss|or so|e|y lor lre purpose ol corpar|sor. Tr|s lecrr|que |s
ca||ed redurdarcy.
15. wral |s vRC?
ll |s lre rosl corror ard |easl expers|ve recrar|sr lor Error 0elecl|or. lr vRC, a par|ly o|l |s added lo every dala
ur|l so lral lre lola| ruroer ol 1s oecores ever lor ever par|ly. ll car delecl a|| s|rg|e-o|l errors. ll car delecl oursl
errors or|y |l lre lola| ruroer ol errors |r eacr dala ur|l |s odd.
1. wral |s LRC?
lr LRC, a o|oc| ol o|ls |s d|v|ded |rlo roWs ard a redurdarl roW ol o|ls |s added lo lre Wro|e o|oc|. ll car delecl oursl
errors. ll lWo o|ls |r ore dala ur|l are daraged ard o|ls |r exacl|y lre sare pos|l|ors |r arolrer dala ur|l are a|so
daraged, lre LRC crec|er W||| rol delecl ar error. lr LRC a redurdarl dala ur|l lo||oWs r dala ur|ls.
1Z. wral |s CRC?
CRC, |s lre rosl poWerlu| ol lre redurdarcy crec||rg lecrr|ques, |s oased or o|rary d|v|s|or.
18. wral |s Crec|sur?
Crec|sur |s used oy lre r|grer |ayer proloco|s (TCP/lP) lor error delecl|or
19. L|sl lre sleps |rvo|ved |r creal|rg lre crec|sur.
a. 0|v|de lre dala |rlo secl|ors
o. Add lre secl|ors logelrer us|rg 1's corp|ererl ar|lrrel|c
c. Ta|e lre corp|ererl ol lre l|ra| sur, lr|s |s lre crec|sur.
50. wral are lre 0ala ||r| proloco|s?
0ala ||r| proloco|s are sels ol spec|l|cal|ors used lo |rp|ererl lre dala ||r| |ayer. Tre calegor|es ol 0ala L|r|
proloco|s are 1. Asyrcrrorous Proloco|s
2. 3yrcrrorous Proloco|s
a. Craracler 0r|erled Proloco|s
o. 8|l 0r|erled proloco|s