Lecture 6 : Heat Transfer (Part 1)

Contents:
1. Review
2. Heat conduction in composite walls, cylinders, spheres (in series)
References: Transport Process and Separation Process Principles, Christie Geankoplis, Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering, Alan Foust,
Transport Phenomena, Bird, LightFoot, Stewart
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Heat conduction heat transport involving solid medium
Assumptions:
1. Steady-state heat transfer, rate of heat IN = rate of heat OUT = [kJ/s, J/s, BTU/hr etc.]
2. Heat transfer flow from
3. For sphere and cylinder, heat transfer direction is radial.
4. K12, k23 are different conducting materials
Slab:
At steady-state;
q q q
23 12
23 12

,
_

,
_

A
q
A
q
flux at constant area
flux
R
V
I
T
T

;
T
V total driving force ;
T
R total resistance
dx
dT
k
A
q
.
,
_

x
T
k
A
q

,
_

.
;

,
_

A
q
heat flux ; T driving force ;

,
_

k
x
resistance
rate
x
T
A k q

.
Series:
23 12
I I I
T

;
23 12
V V V
T
+
;
2 1
R R R
T
+
Total driving force:
23 12
T T T
T
+
23
2 . 23
12
1 12
. .
.
k A
x q
k A
x q
T
T

+

;
1
]
1

23
2
12
1
. . k A
x
k A
x
q T
T
;
1
]
1

23
2
12
1
. . k A
x
k A
x
T
q
T
12 23
T
1
T
2
T
3
x
1
x
2
T
1
> T
2
> T
3
1
]
1

,
_

23
2
12
1
3 1
k
x
k
x
T T
A
q
T
Sphere:
At steady-state:
T
q q q
23 12
dx
dT
k
A
q
.
,
_

dr
dT
k
A
q
.
,
_

,
_

2
1
2
1
2
.
. 4
T
T
r
r
dT k
r
dr q

( )
1 2
2 1
.
1 1
. 4
T T k
r r
q

1
]
1

,
_

( )
( )
1 2
1 2
2 1
. . . . 4
r r
T T
k r r q

;
2 1
. . . 4 log r r mean area A
LM

( )
( )
1
12
1 2
1 2
. . . .
r
T
A k
r r
T T
A k q
LM LM

;
1
12
.
r
T
k
A
q
LM

Total driving force:
23 12
T T T
T
+
23 23 ,
2 . 23
12 12 ,
1 12
. .
.
k A
r q
k A
r q
T
LM LM
T

+

;
1
1
]
1

23 23 ,
2
12 12 ,
1
. .
.
k A
r
k A
r
q T
LM LM
T
1
1
]
1

23 23 ,
2
12 12 ,
1
3 1
. . k A
r
k A
r
T T
q
LM LM
T
where; 2 1 12 ,
. . . 4 log r r mean area A
LM

Cylinder:
T
1
1
2
2
3
T
2
T
3
r
2
r
1
r
r
1
T
1
T
2
T
3
r
2
r
1
2
2
3
L
At steady-state:
T
q q q
23 12
dx
dT
k
A
q
.
,
_

dr
dT
k
A
q
.
,
_

,
_

2
1
2
1
.
. . 2
T
T
r
r
dT k
r
dr
L
q

( )
1 2
1
2
. ln .
. . 2
T T k
r
r
L
q

1
]
1

,
_

( )
1
]
1

1
2
1 2
ln
. . . . 2
r
r
T T
k L q
; multiply by
( )
( )
1 2
1 2
r r
r r

;
( )
( )
( )
1 2
1
2
1 2
1 2
. ln
. . . . 2
r r
r
r
T T
k r r L q

1
]
1

( ) ( )
( )
1 2
1 2
1
2
1 2
.
.
ln
. . . 2
r r
T T k
r
r
r r L
q

1
]
1

;
( ) ( )

,
_

,
_

1
2
1 2
1
2
1 2
ln ln
. . 2
log
A
A
A A
r
r
r r L
mean area A
LM

( )
( )
1
12
1 2
1 2
. . . .
r
T
A k
r r
T T
A k q
LM LM

;
1
12
.
r
T
k
A
q
LM

Total driving force:
23 12
T T T
T
+
23 23 ,
2 . 23
12 12 ,
1 12
. .
.
k A
r q
k A
r q
T
LM LM
T

+

;
1
1
]
1

23 23 ,
2
12 12 ,
1
. .
.
k A
r
k A
r
q T
LM LM
T
1
1
]
1

23 23 ,
2
12 12 ,
1
3 1
. . k A
r
k A
r
T T
q
LM LM
T
where;
( ) ( )

,
_

,
_

1
2
1 2
1
2
1 2
12 ,
ln ln
. . 2
log
A
A
A A
r
r
r r L
mean area A
LM

Or can also be expressed as;
1
1
]
1

23 23 ,
2
12 12 ,
1
3 1
. . k A
r
k A
r
T T
q
LM LM
T
( ) ( )
23
1
2
1 2
2
12
1
2
1 2
1
3 1
.
ln
. . 2
.
ln
. . 2
k
r
r
r r L
r
k
r
r
r r L
r
T T
q
T

,
_

,
_

( )
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

23
2
3
12
1
2
3 1
ln ln
. . . 2
k
r
r
k
r
r
T T L
q
T