'tf I

Sd~()~0

'JljGOQo0:§8:

t~

S~:C\)t:GOJ0

"i?5rOJ09J0:~~

~O')?tcn~GroS

GSloSO')')ep3::m<q

~~8~g60.:>(

Otc?)

G~GOJ9~~8~90)( G0')')8~t:)

cn~Go:rs 2:Gcna3m ~~8cn~BO)( 'faS~GO')')<q) Ggw:>~8( Gll@~~ ) 'faS0~ 08:03t:2:

ro. CUJ~.CQ.g(1)!\·Ug IL J oy TL
GC:1J8980')~
CIP ..

cc

('0

Cl( G~GC\): ) GC:1J8cn*( OuSGo:) C

~~8or~B*( 08CXj>~&:70')t.0)+:)

Q)98[S&cn'PGroS
.. 0<XijgoS~GllUcSEB~} 0 2:G()')')88(~aS) <. G8:Got8( U'xmm ) GroSo8guS
Ut:8cm~0')8§9

I:
~
G';la3~~
"

~ro
J

'{j

G(J'JCyCa:>~

COC

~
.oo

0011

~008§8:.q.

GP~GEP8:§t8G:O:O"',p:

tt

0011 ~

G~8'droc:GEf>c-

,,~

. G(J'J6rotj( ro05Go:)

m~tro§ei

nGt (()8a;?~S:-0)t.

011

mw
9

IS" c g:~"':GE;f
C ~ C 0
C' CO

{5

m~6or~8tj

Wi:)

OJa:>2ro&PGa:>? GS ma:>?E£(J')OJbJ_ 03Q)')GOiilCroC()')(x)COGO':l E>[: G lQ J~ It l O·

C m~cmgoOJ•
C C" -

~coS",,p:G';lCl6~ G~<j>~:(\)~:mJmJ ::nOG8'd')8§8<j>~: i>~8!§Sro&pGr05

JI

0'2

(.

C 0) Of:or

§9§oSG:O"JC';tcoS 1S~:~~:G:))"JGro?m OJO?J3a5( Gso6ro05)

o co c

?"

::n()')Gm,pc:GOY.>'P
9 e90

ceo

::J.)().)"tQ)') , ,C' C'~

G~C:OC~O(<j>.

C'

C',

. C".

J9
.?j

g~GOJbJ_m~cobJ_(l) Ga:>?C8f:
-.'~

9"
i

"" JL co cocooocoo o'

C9

"" .§].:oo) coco GCI)')m~ GE;f •

0

e: CJJ?8s({§aS)
G e"C c

"'Jl:rom :OW~ G';l c» 2().)J? 2'ill: '1.0 00 Cl6

,QO

ro&pGa:>?e:GCYJOJm

i
I

jll

I I

:00 ~C1J")GQ)')9 ""

C m~cro~?gm 0 (C9

fa:>fjGa:>?

'JJ

9J

'c 0 0 .• roc cococoo·G~(9/ co Q)')OOQ'). IL LO, -. L· o -I-

I
i

(511 0(Ef>:00~c:G';l~t=~9 "§" 0"

GQ<Jp~6( Gsl9E§OJ?)

o(Ef>:goo~ "§" §"~ C:~

Ga:>?OC3W

9@
{5J

I
I

I~I·······
I:

'2"

ro§]:mGro:&8 J
IL '

mGro:ro§]:
Il

fa:>()~~~
Inll

0c roc oS''Ii.' OY.lO)?O)Ef>:romQ)'):g IL ' ,;'L' Jl

{5'2 f

OC:OJf:e:

C'

0 C' 9

,
i

I~

~0'1?. 002<:O,:):0')(DII I3t~,:)G06 G<l06m 13'l'~x'(2G()')':)tJ':Go)? G<l G(')9.m'f G06G<l06 G<l (\)0C'l(Gcoo 9.~':) I m 0 I G(),),:)G[p~()jJ8:oo?G'fGpm
C 0 C C C C c~ . C

C,

r-c

hC

rn

eEOC

Church Gmp8:~':)
00 C 0 , . C C

C'l(8cxn:
C C ..C

O)Q)II Chruch 8:(Go)? ~9.0Q)':)t~Gp:~y:Gmpc:1 ~y:Gmpc:e:1:GO.11I oo~Gml')8:~:(,)') rJ f::j '~8G?§~':):O)oSli ~9.0Q)')'fGmpc:~

,Q J

EB(')'fmo)8J

(\)0 ~'f:GO)':)t::::J:G06 Ga:l':)m(x),:):O?G~:G())')C:~9.0Q)')'f~SP:

00 C ~

'1

:JJ~:~:0)Q'):u(\)8~;;SGo),:) T t:.:1 -l- 0.

L L J L

:JJ~:~: TU
l

n:JJ,)8J,) C'l(oO)')(\)~
C c, C -,

~~:g:O)Gp:~d?
0

:JJ,)G[§')9
~ C C C C C~

·c

~t:t::::J:m
C~ [;,C, ~

C~

G~:t::::J~O)Q)1I ~9.0Q)')'f~'f:t::::J:
C 0

8d8GOJpC:9.. Gmpc:a:cc~t:t::::J:[j00?
o
C

oc

O(Q)o;:cm ~Gmpc:~')O?09.(,)Q)8:(O?8dGt::::J')c:O(

oc

ceo,

~'f:t::::J:q

C~

II

c~ C G~')mt::::JO)Q)1I
Q

00 C 0C C "om C~ 0 .~ c 8C'l(8:(9.C (0) OC0,):0 GpO8:(tJ': ~t:t::::J:o?'~'):t::::JO)Q)1I

G~,)c:GOlmOGt;pmO)Q)8:(9.co 9.fBt('()')o?,(§lcSd? o?,B~§8:§9 (\)')o?,(§lcSd?

C C c,

'1 C

c-,

G9.:CX)':):0?8:(C:~0)0)0y ~:

OC

[§G:~JS:~d? ~9.~8q(:11 9.fBl G8d:~G:~8dGm')8:~:

C C

G06.O)oSli 0,)()j G[§:B'):':r,)G9.:(X)'):0)":lIlOO~G6:B'):m' ~t;p: ~~:Gmp8:g:~.

. .

o?,Bhll9.t~Bl§8i8J~ 8d8'fe:;:(\)Q:8J2?
,g
C

8dGoloS0~
0

~5(X)':):O)oSl~Gq:(X)'):o?oom " . "

'fe:;:(\)(,):0)0yOIl mO)~:m
o

~9.'):(,)\59~c

ceQ

m~?2:

~''f~ GOG9.'f GOGp¥18J~~G 0(810~1I 8dGOG9.'f OJ~~ €8J GG~,) 8J'f~GP

Hatred is, needed, never appeased by tred in this world.

m~')2:O?cG02mJ?(\)')o?
0
Q

G~:G()')')8:'fe?:(\)G:B:
'1.

m8yll oo81d? ":D'f~'fGf~G~TO)oSll

-= GOG9.'f Got;ptl
8dGOG9.t 0
'~~9.0O:)')t··

8J~~G0(810'f1l GG~,) 8J'f~GPIl

It is appeased only by loving kindness, this is an Ancient law.

o 8J~~ .€8J

8d80,)0( OI~-G<lO(\)O~0:JJ,)8J')~9 "9.f§~c\)?9.8

,Q

·0

'10

EOC

C.

.C

G9.:(X)'):O)')II
=.

CCh

h C .. urCGm.rc:m2~0')~:

?~E>l~~~E>lj?J~Y-,~§~~1§8:~8 ~§l~-=,S·Cc-: ====

9.f(,)Bl§8:8J~

~d?(,)9.~8q(:11 9.fBlCQ')o?'(2lcSd? o?,B~~ . C0 C. C C C ,,, G8d:~J(,):<& 8dGm')c:8:(:'fe:;:(\)('):0)0yO ~mO)~:m

• 0 C

~t:g:O)s-?O)§
C C C~

§SGtO)oSll ~Gmpc:GO
C ~

§aSn~.
m'f,)G9_:
C

G<l8:(:G<l(')0( 9.0Q)':)'f~t:GO)')t::::J:m ~
CO'):

§8: ()')~ s-?§0 t;pGo:)')8: o),)GqJlI

it
Ii
f

~'f:t:j:m
'1 or::::;?o
C'

C' ~

GbW)(DIl Gmpc:OJ'P
C' 'C' C' C' C'C'

C'''

C'"

C(g::n')~')~'f:GO')')t:j:O')Q)
C' C'gC' 0 C' C' C' ,,,

C'

C'~

C'

01:0( t:jl~O')')9_w'
'1
C' C'

nO')Ef':G(J:)')g9Go:0')')9_w, 8~Q)yO( CI O(,l:~O')WII

0 C'

'1

3d06'f GmJ'f0O')wlI o(,l:(\)~:

C',

GmJ:~(\)~:
0 '

O')C C\(,
0

C'

O·IO')WII n~CGO')')9_. O')~:G06ar :y(~:B:m

,g

(,Ic:::nwO?OPc;n~(\)
C' 0 ~ 0

G(,I: ')oSII 0
C' C' C' C'~

3d8GO')?Q9_Q)W')'f ~'f:GO')')t:j:m
"C'

o: WO?Gr:PO? ~GO')?

3d~C~~:

C' • 0 C' C' C' • '1 B dd h· . (\)mQ~c9_c rom Q06'): 0 III u Ism IS common

religion it is not noly for the Buddhist but also for all human being. nO')~:G06(J:)')
, 8';)0')05

n::n')~')8';)0605
L::1
0

~(,Im

a,(~'):o?b: Q)m'):ro:
L
0

G(J:)')OJ'):O')') :SolO')oSll C
C' 0 C'

Gt:pq(,lw~9_c
'1

UmversaI reI·· . C''' Iglon c: C' '1 l'::l'Q)OIO')W "O?II

I,~'
C'

8rJl.:GO'),)Gm')b:oo Lt:1

"~E:·~o-:,pb:Golas~~~~~~1P0?0~~·&GcD:G~.GO')? CI (,Ic:ar t:j~ro~:t:j~~lO')wlI arm~O')wl <£:~(\)'):

, C' C' 0 ~ C' C' ~ C' 0 C' C'

(,Ic:Gt1-'O? 3dGt1')~9(\)~:
0 C' " €G C

C'

C'

C'

C'

C'

(,IC:nO')~:GQY)G06o(

C"

"0

O?G(,I:t:jaGO')?
C' C'

r,::;::

c-

==

GO'),)GO'),)('P(~P: <\?(\)') G ~3dmJOJm

C' C'~

Q)')SfOGro:
C'O

~C:XZO')O')WIIQ)')SfoG(\):m

G~o8Q)')Sfoll cocoo :G(\)')m~

,-.

.---

..

------------------~----------~

00
,,

00

GCO'JCOOGq:>mCD')Goy? ~<l)OJOO,?') GCJ:OGOJ,) ~<D?~q ::D8d(,)())')::n')(,)(,)~~mJoS::D~

. I~

C,

'

0' C

C·

OJ~II
C

JL

I.J

To

i,:S8a60')
lj
C • 0

8dCDA~:G£
0 TLj C r,;:C

OJCDII 8d8JO( ~O')

"'10

OJ<l)qC:C\(~ro<l)tJ~C\(:O(
0

C.

OC.

Ci,:

(')GO')J(')<jiO [j0G<ji r,::;:::~CDt Ljc..:..

OJoSII 31D,)GC\):~oSr,:?:GOJ,)(')OJGr,;::Gr,;:~&t :Dgd)())') t1 J t;l lj' JO : I~ ~,):OJCDII

C

~o(:0;5CDG<jiOJ,)O')

C'

c. ~qlDQ)')<ji::n')::D')II.
C ~~

• c: c C. 0 t(~~GO:>,)~~ ,GCD~~9.0~0{.c::J

~:t::J'):~J()')
0

r:::.

::DO') Gi,:,)G::D:o:>oSli " Jesus christ (GCDEiil~QS)O&t 080GQj~d3 Il L:1 . JW "I LJ 'L G l . §t§qo:>')
"

~1D~qo:>')§t:
co'

(,)C7c~:"11
0

::nCDC\«(,)o;tOJ,)C\.)~GOJ? Jesus c rist <.(0( orc~6:GOJ? CDoSol:0')8~8GoT 'P 0:>8[§:GOJ?

hri

cc:;::

Jesus christ (GCD}i)~qS) q

~lrG06q. qoSqoS0oS0oS ~8IDoS1rq §~qP)') qtro~o?:ro'P c" 0 , " G8d:~J('):O?8d,)~O( (,)q~: II "C:;::: C C r,::;::: C C C ., C J ~n:qc: ~n:qC:~9 Jesus christ q -. G<ji')O')O') esus o 'c 0 c." 0 0 [§ 0 coo C0 christ cD "::DOJCDO')OJOJIJ:GOJO'):DOJQ, :GOJ,) 0OJ~: L' IDOJ~: : L L iJ l 0 l . -1 .L
0,

C\),)OJCD

C"

CD::D G§ ')0:>CDII
0 C
to IL

0'

8lG6')~
,g • 'c

8d,)~Gm')t:O)Syq~
0 C g , C

~Gq:B:OJoSli
c, C C 0

[§:GOJ?
C C

8d88d,)~GO')')C:O(, 8dGq:~:OJ')()II 8d§'):lDo? "08Q

LG

~<jiOJ:Go:O? oOJo<ji:O')JCG()')')C:q~q<jiCD~:
0 C C fQc co C

,.

~C\(:IDOJO('): tlG:~(,):~q<ji

q(::D,):G06q. ~q(,)oSli
~

.,

8d[5c,

i,:c

8d,)~G06())')
-to
L .

8d@OJG: G8d:~G:1r

OGOJ~d3r,::;:::~Qo),) ::Dd)~t:,
LUG. -L

t3

r,;:d)~8:1D0)
lj'
0

8d,)~

~~oS~06());

dS:mcD:c:0:(,)GoT :1)&8 &c:0:::D,):roO') G(,)O)'), O')EMm')§~oO) L ;';'_: _. ~_L ___:_L . . .: .... _ : ._J. ~_:,__:~.:L" .~ ',:.:_ ,', ._. ..' ~_._. __'!? ~_.,,,_:._-: . _ ... _..:0:.: .:..0 _ t_ , ," (,)JoS~,)Go:,?,)8d~800SG<ji~~1I ~8~§~qO);~," " DC 'C' C" 0 C C C~ C"'V"'\~'. co 00)OO,?') G~:~,(,):O)CD O? dqIDCD')<ji~<ji:~:m GtJ-'tJOJCDII

I"

0)(,)'):;0 0)') L

::J)')(\)

....

r:

~':)Qg')

JlJ

~(J)£C\):
LT

C'!9C,
L

::DQ)(Dm
~L

• C 8dljcc 8d<Jo co ( o;;:::l!0)

<DO)'J:OII ~m'l<n6f>Gm.sGn1oSm'J~~::n:>El

-,

G~9°~$?('>.c:
8d~ (o}l 8d~cfJ

0('

(?}I

~cfJl

Jods

,--~
J?

9'i)

~6 s:"<J o::n( o.y: :~D

O?-OO-O@'2J

It

---'-~--:-----~-------~i

Gfd?CqCGfd:O? Gfd:g~:~:Gm?
C

CC

,C

=s-=

J~
8'dGO??~~rop:O?_
C C ,

fd?q~<ji

orcf)ul~.I 81GOfd<i? 'm')'O)(~oSmm~:m C 0 C 'r,: , C 0~ r,;:C C ~m~,pOI8~ m§lmocm~GtJ:GtO? Gfd:g<ji:fdJl:~:tj0G<jim().)!I C0 '1 C·C C • r,: C , rom~,:;coqoI8C(g~'):x>?OC q(J)t:~C<Vc8'd'):or:m BmC(~q.
'1'

msp:e:G8:x>t?GmSj~:8'd§S~ ~mm
'1
C' "

Gro:0'):o?[§~:x>cf)'fcf)CO?:q
"

G~0~?

~"O

C\(,G~I ? O
L

'r-'

G~0'6500<&.?t ~mull
0

_"

C,-,
-

8~mm 8l~
C
L

,C

8'd2()'):X>0,)Gro:ol:~ "I o

8'd8mco?:r~:G(J)')m l::J' 0 C, 0 C 0 C

:x>cf)~:ull Lj
L

O')uSGmJ'8:G~ O')uSa?oo Goo8:x>8~O(t:

G~

GCOqOI8C(~~?:X>,)OCOCC: x>ro~::x>m()')11 8~mq. : ~JoSfd,p:~8'd~ro~: 8'dq().):x> ~?O(

o
Q

C,

CDfd:26<ji ().)G C0?m

0 0 C CC

G())'J[§I, G§?[§I
o. ,
'1
0

mJ96[§ulmoSll
co :J)

GCO 18C( ~'):x>')OC O?, qo g m

c"
00 0 C , COO OOC C 0C

G~E1 S'i)'jc
C

eQO

8'dCO8'dGro:CO?::x>ro~qc
'1
C h=:

0OC:X>~0<ji~G<&.?? GG~'9'0fd <jig'=

"O~.

o,9_())

:X>~?Gro:ul:m q;>mO?msp:q().)C\f 8'dGro:CO?:Gro:0?:~m?UIIi

. C C

~O(fd~~C~:

~tJ:Go)?O( ~~O?
0h=:' C C

(Gro')8~~:) 8'dyG<ji?m«c: n~?:))?G"6CO<pO(o :X>c:DGOJ?d~~:1 Gfd:~~:.n~:Gm£ f IL 0T ToTo

e:

'1

810( quo;smocc:'f?
C 0

'1 0

om

oc

0,

~().)cym~o)(,?

C0

orsco

8'd:X>c:~ 8'd:X>C::X>?:Gro:fd,p:Gm?C :X>Ulro<;lfd()')1I Gfd')CqCO?, mJ':/. ~O)ororu

C C 0 C

'1 o c

GoT "8'dGm:8'dG~,Sj~)(S"(8'dGm:8'dG~T L fd(J)cf)):x>SGmGoT C0? o iJ:il 0 ,., 0 ~m~m~lQo)oSll -~ "I

C 0 C9 co "., C 0, .

fJ:GO?CG()')?C~,p['j'0t:f:
9

h=:

'c

r:. cr,~
C·

"0

8'dq().):X>iJ?')O(
,OC C

mGro?
co C 0

r,;:c ''1 'I' 8'dGro:fdCO?:~: "0. C\(,:X>:X>().)tj0G<jiqm?roIl81(J)? 8'dG"6:8'dG~1

socoo

,.

<Vcmm«c:
0

C0 C

G~mO~?mm~~m0e:m
o.
0 -,

,C

8'd'y0)m~
0 C'
0

~m~J?UI8ormG<jim?1 G'grofd:~q:m0G03J?mor:
fd?O
J

'1

3GspOl0( Go,pmG8'd?C (;;IOj?~cqCGo)?

C.

'1 0
.

Gcoqo 8C(g~?:X>?~O)'J
. O.

. 8'dq().):x>'gJ~O? O<ji:OCC.8'dCOfd~m
,,'

O?§.m~<ji. rofd:~?:Gtqe:Gm?
C OC

C,'

g'

~:I 8'dq().):x>~?O( 8'dGro:fdCO?:~ Oqfdg':X>~?~:))? rofd:~:G<ji moSll Gm~m~:8'dGoT

C • 0 .•

,,,

0 ,oc c co G~ rom Qm()')l1 to L t g ••

'j? Gcoqo18C(~~?:X>?8'd§8mro~:
,~O C C" hC C

8«0~qCGm?'
C

n~'):))?OCocc:
oc
C

r:::. =e= ~G~GC0?m

0 . . OC C . C

C C

m0Gro?mor:0( to:?OC: to:?~~:~:X>? :x>m'fm~Bcm()')1I , r,RC 0, co C0 C c, h Gro?mq.G8'd:t:lfd:sr~O? mmG.?<ji'iP<jiO( q~'ft:O?G(J)?GtJ?

Gm? GC\?ro?Q:)~:<;(:CO?:~C'f m<jim')mJro~fd()')1I ormm()')l1 8'd~G~?q.

o "

8'dGt:J~<p y<jimGfd:gt:CO<P0IO?I Uqfdg':X>'gJ~O?

L L
0

r:::.

c,

'1'

0,

....·······mr~@3~·G@l§·::D··Gru'Sm@jioJcf5?1;~·tJ3cf5~2:§8:q£'S·
e:m~G(J)jG§?mJ9~Gt[§moS"c\?, CO"f? lo:?G"6~m?ro~: ,Gro?mco"f? mGm?
_',' . _ _" 00 , 0 C· 0 C

()Qfdmej)Q'):Gro:01:£···0(J)')Ow"-S-05-'~G70505:i}oST~-81~:€t1:T~-." £-m-~~7 -L co -L To To· T oq(;;lWmsp:Groiol:G011 ~3ro(J)"~~rcx?0?') 8'dq().):x>'gJ~. C ocr,;:c, 0 0 r,: , 0 8'dqsm8'dC00tj00? <jiGspG:X>~,)O(GtJ?m?OI 8'dq().):x>~')'f?

G~olmoSll
C C

Gro?m~:
C C

~m?"f<ji:X>C;:X>Gro?m 'ftGOfdG.?
0"

~~:X>~G"6o(
COC'1"O~

lo:?OC: lo:?~~:
C'1C

,~-"

or. GtJ,:?m?

ola? 9~:x>~')(?)ul:~(J)')m~:
G"6 ~~:UIUII ~orm?mGm?
C

~3oqfdg'msp:rom 8'dq().):x>~')~m')
0 0

msp: Uqfdg':X>'gJ

orm~C~lfdro?:

~tJ:

Gfd:GropmUlm().)1I

'1'

I
It II
I-

Ilf
/

1~ I
!
II

t
I,

" I'
,1

J~

f---"

---------------~----------------~:
J€

JO

----~--------:------~------~-----

The good society is the one which gives the greatest freedom to its people. orr ccoocsco -, 0
• . c

e,

oeo CDGd~c:GdOc:;;n())')
DC
L I~

co oc oc ::DWCDCDGd~C:GdOc:
OC ,". 0"
L' II!' L L

I'

or

GOlI~CDa:cGo)?
c

Gd8Gd::l.(C:Gd«c:Q)~,)~G<ji0?

"G

0C

Gd(')p:a:c:

~o)CD()1rGO:Q)'):O?

<

Gd::l.(C:Gd«c:orGOl O)WII

oc

oc

;r

O?cG06or
c

:1h
.il,.I!

:',

81Go(')oS

~ ~ freedom

e!3 ~.)')

negative freedom

d5

"IPOX>O"loS~:" o"on8:0X>"I8¥8o}
freedom

"6oS",6~o'/
~8:Go)?

nega"v~

'. i l.

03

GOlT oSII 0) Gd;;n~§~o?

c c c oco

Posi;ive freedom §O)oS~O)')

co human values ~0)<ji<f:CO'):0SPG06or G06o? GO:Q)'):O)')(,)Jl:G06o?
0

If,.,~ ..

E1~C~GdagO) Gdg9GdCD(,):

I'
'1'\

.;:d;'~S:~11~~E:~Ei"
0 r,: co c c ceo c Gd8c\(a;2G06 ij'0(\),)~CG8d,)C Gdg9GdCD(,):G06O? lO<jiO):GO:CO'):

~a?O)oSll

,G

Gil

~l;'.'.

.t

cD. CDcf:,CD8(')GO)d5 GO:Q)'):cD

o
JL 0 L .
0

CDGd~8:8d88:03
I~ L L

LO

G;;lTmoSll
"

;
c

a;2G06or 0)0)WGCD:0'):0? CD81ro?CD~: O)O)oSGCD:m:o?

C'"

~G::D')Q),):I

a;2G06E1.~O)

~G::D')Q),):GoT ~') GdG§~~:

--!

---

__

-----~---~--------________

I Ii'

c.oc, 0 0 coo C CVc),)'J, CDOJ d ~ C O? ::D '65 :llOJ OJ c\?, d:( "l8 OJ II ( -, 0 c. 0 hC -, r:::. 0 c », C 8d ::D C\( CDOJICld C\?, lj'0 O? 8d G tJ 8d G<j'> 'j'J CDOJ d::D9 8 8Jl: o ~ c. OC 0 ,g C 00 co ())'Jor CDOJdCO'J:~COJ'Jor~ 8d8CVc8dq;OJ 8dOJJl::llOJOJC\(, d:(~C())OJII
o~
00C C,g

8d8C\(
C

CDOJ(,)d0t.,
OC C

c."

8GmJ<j'>00?0OJt.,
,g 0 00

,0

C, C •

~8:8OJd:(~C
• ~. 0

C C

Yl'::!:GOJ? COymcl(:*~:~C())OJIl C co C ,') C C ,0 C\(08OJd:(92 8d8IcgOJCD00?0())t., 81GLP9 COC ,a 8())OJ~CO?m~8Jl:or

00

••

8d8C\( COyOJd:(:*~:G8d'JC
C,

C\(0())OJC\?, Gl'::!'JC\?,8~::J?c:1I
~'J:G<j'>O?CVc()')'J
C C .~

c.

')~r;::::;:::

cg())CD0'ff.J)OJor
0 0 OC

co,
C.

J)OJC\('j
C

8d:;;]<j'>q<j'>d 8dOC0<j'>:dl'::!:G())?

8C\(0::J?c:1I

c c ~O)dJ(J)
'"

J)':J,,{O)f'Cf:CO'XG)(,)CD
r;::J?, ,,,
C

CO

,-" ')

I[)'JBf0'j

C'''

Ci?OJCDOjfW':J
c c

C'

8dGG):t::J:m
g;;

G;;r)'JC:Olt8d':J:

C\j{COJlcJp:8dOJOJ

t:ff'me:!Gcnt:f

r::.e

:J:)OJGCD':JOJ
c

C'

c.

er::.

o()I ::D.e:! 1/
,)e

"'~-----------,----~-------

99

.j

~GOJ,),
C ~~OC

::D')'m'::DQ 1~-l,'-'o'VJ 1::1-' r.-..rAG~,",0)C" ,

C

JL

OJOJ,\,,: GtPl::JG?0)OJWII G3d: ",

CJ ::D,):

::DG::D')(D'):IOlJl:GOJ? IOlOCG?0)Oit, , ,. . 0) 3d0)J03dOJe:::06,(\)')O?3ddi

l

.coc',!"

C(l::JC0) GO:dJCO?l::JdJ0)
C0

,~C

c,~

''I

Glj~c:<&

te:::(\)IOl:G0)')c:IOlJl: ~([)OJSdOJ:::S:
0 l

(\)rhd'£T .GoT' (\)')o~ L

3dGOT

G~')(8OJ,)
L::1
'L

r,;,SolOJc0l1

l::l'

S0500:l),C:1Ol c..:.
L L

JL

3d,):Gm')6:(\),)cD3ddl
0

3d-:J5:'nCHS 3d,): L

G0)')6:a:)')8..)cS

0)')W3d'):ro

d5:mrh(\)')OJ
L

05 01moSII

9?

gjG~5r§
;rc c c
C

~~:m~§b
c
o

~~:"'m~§b;;r::D~ ",meG::D,)
e
0

G§§8
0

GO 3 meG::D,)~~:~S: ~9 ",meG:).)') ::rr~:meGo:Gm')

~:[j'9
c
o

",O(mG()Ii o;cC().)O?,c:11 ::D,):::D"':0?,c:11 ~C\(:::D'):3meG::D,)

c coo c

c..

~~:"'P:or
.
o.

d:(G.?::De ~~:
0

C.

~~:a,::).)')
c

~C\(GO::De" o;cC().)O?,c:11 ~C\(:::D'):3

c c co

.C

C.

r;:c

:J),)::D,)::De m:§5')3 :J),)::D')oce:Gt=q

C,

=r=

of°lmm0SGO::De"
c
,

0'1

'i o» ~J0.? " o

.. ~.-.~ -... ..•

" :J),)::D'.)3d::D:::D: G 0

rr'·c
I

OJ i':~J"

())~ll:J)?::D,) GCOt=qOl8n:J),)::D,)~ t=q0).)')of:J),)::D,) ( 3d0(\)')"':J),)::D,)

10

, B(3500 Be 589 AD 01 AD 570

o: ~Il:J)') CD')
J3~ll:J)'X)'),) 0Jll::J)') CD') Qq Gd ( en CD,) Q) (Yl 0 -l (G().)J3:o1:
L

bl ()')')().)'J <j> GO)Q018 "I

l'~ :J),):D,)-

e ().)'J <j>J)'):)J'J :
e
CD')

e:

e:

O~e:

e:

08:J),):D,) .L 9

(GoJ8)

9.lj'0CDE:::" C\) C oS d3 ~
IL . LO

e: e C\)') bl :J)')

(Gd~,))
GOT CXJ~:bf->G8CDbl'p:

& cD: CDx5

J. L

:J) Q,): bl co ~ GCD. ') L -L c..:, <j>0I())GC\):m

:J)'):l)')

:J),)CD,)OC2~Gq

. co

Gd<j>E::::~:~9 • CD')

e:

e: • ., e: e:

1?~GOCDE:::" <j>0l())

"

e:

0.,

CD~

c..:. e:

o: 01?G :)J'J:J)')
:J):) :)J'Jbl')
J

c«

'J')

Q q0 ().)') <j> :J)') CD') lj' o b'~

e:

~ e:~

l'o Ico GC\): 1?GCD')

r:::e:
~

• ., c

....

J3 & Il:J)') CD')/ 08 :::D,) CD')

(J

Q q0().)')<j> :J)')CD')/OJll: :J)')CD,) Gdo C\)') bl :J)') CD')

e:

e:

L9

08:J)'):)J'J

Gd'j5Gq: • G;;o') 8 Gd,) G q:

e:

e:9

Qq0().)')<j>

e:

LIC>

r,:S:D
lj'

e:

~ II C"':"

:J),)CD,)OC2~Gq

co

Gdblp~~~lj'0q[jC~c;'11 &cD:CD'):5
J L

• ~e:

c,

G'dGm

q)

co

o
L

eco c:m L

oc

0
L

:C,).5. iJ T

CD,)CD.5,)
T.

@ l8d(9 .,

G'dG~')6:G'dQ8:bl,) U "l m())E::::m . G"-\j')C:

mGC\)!CDcoSd3di!

e:

0°

~SP:())E:::GO:~[jC:Gt~P9
0

e:

""r:::e:'~

Il

LO

CoSQoS02e: d

e:Ce:

lj'0CDE:::",Qq0().)')<j>

e:

.e:

e:

~sp:

e:

blp: ~

G'dorllQ CC! blp:

."

c·

G q~O)')~ G :).)')0')'J')

c» GC\): C co
c

.c

1'mO)~sp:())E:::q<j>o;:,:~

o e: ....

e: e:
0

A;

lj'0CDE:::"1'~c;'11

r,:c

e:

s=
r,:c
~:

c,.,
0

81().)m')

G'dqc~~e:lj'0

uG:)'),)
~.

GdPO)om~9

e: c .

Gm'):).)C\)blc:O?,D6C

e:

.e:

o;:(GCD,)G'd~m

e:

"

cOr,;( QJm~b':

c e: e: blo;:(GCD,)GdQJm<y') ())0~(J)CD,) ~sp:~6di! G(J)p6:81().)(J)')§S§b

0 e: e: ~CDE:::" o;:(GCD,) G'd~(J) G:)J'J())'Jo~§S§8~,

. ~:~oS~

&0GO IC:CD:GO)')CC J L·
0

e:

'le:o

08:J)')
L9

CD')

&0GOIC:
J .

e:

'Ie:

'I . I:Q') -le: e: 'I 0 &0GO)')CCI:Q'")m:;;o().)Qs

j
0 ..

e:

e: e:
0

-L-

0T

QQ0().)')S. :J)')CD,) "I T

e:

e:

'I e: e: &0GOIC:&0GCO'JC
J J.

e:

e:
0

Gd0C\)')bl:J)')CD')

e:

&0GOIC:
j

e:.,e:

())0Go),)CGC\):Q')CD~;;o(),) "I L
0

e:

e:

e:

Qq0().)')

. e:.
e

<j> :J)') CD')

Gdo C\)') bl :J)') CD')

e:

~J
S'd<j>'JCDOC1l')~G5:~:C11 COJYcCOJ~JC:0)0e:8.)~ar~:CI:~[j'9 qfG~t:qf0oSC\(6qt: ~Or.Rlid 8.)Gc:~:&8 coljOJ IL ~ Lj GOOJpO~S'dC\(oq GO:q8.)~1I 00CD~ot
00 .0 C 0 CO· 9
J.

C.

co

'"I

~C

8.)~o'6?[§[.§
JC
C'.

O)SGCD'JoSp:8.)~1I
-l0 .
C

Go~:8.)':):cl:=S'do)oS ~~~::Dg
C

c3S'd6G8.)'J
L

8.)id:S'dc\)o)
'"I C

11

CD o)'JO,?o.;(
~C 0C

C\(oqc
C.
00

0C C

~~~::Dg cc O().)8.)0)

r~'
C

18.)~ G8.)':)o)'J01'O)~tj:8.)'J:

C~

tj:8.)'J:
')

U0C1111 S'dO()')CDJ~CGc\)'JCD8.)~
00 C

~C

[j0C11111185~9
C . C

C.

r;::;::;c S'dLjid:0'J:
~Cc.

Gc\)'J::D~9
or;::;::;,._c
,00 0

G818.)CDGC\)8.)'Jidp:qC\)~:
000 C"

C c~ OOJ8.)O)tj: C

8.)':): [j'0C1111~GLj-'9 G,?~

C

GC\)'JCDq ididS'd06CDS'd~:~qt
C 0 C •

S'd8.)CD~C
C

cc

idO?o)::D ididqOJq8.)'JGC\)'JCDS'd06CD §S~II

l

S'd~:~Jqf

S'd:X>CD

~tG<j>~

r;::;::;C 9 GLj'J9 0:~:Gq:1 tj[C\(O qid~

c8 Gr;::;::;'Jt U
I) 0

0c8.):::D81:x>~
ILL; L

:3

c.:...

Gc\)'JCDS'dO)t:GS8.)~SG8.)'J
0 T
lllj'

~CCGq:1 C\fr1eGq:1O~Gq:~9 [j'0C1111 CX( ~.t1[C\(OO( S'd~CDCD'J:~

~ (' C. 0.0

0 C.

'C

::D'JOJ'JG9_=o?'o(
C

r;-:

8.)'J

r;-:

0C

C:

S'd~«CX(~eidP:8.)~

C1GCD'Jt:0'J:Gq:q:xY.> 0'J:GQ:d5
"I
L L·

Gc\)'JCDq8.)'J:~
. ~ ILL; L

GCD'Jt:
:3

C\)6GCD'J8:8.)~())06
CO C C

c.:.. . L S'd~m-

idCDU;::;_n 0C8.)::D81CD'J:
COO

r,

id~8.)~

S'dC\(oq

C\(OC\(O Gc\)'JCDGCD'JC:0'J:Gq:q

8.)'J S'dGCD

CD'J:~ II C1GCD'Jt:0'J:Gq:q Gq:q

00

idCD'J:GOIi GC\Y.)CDG<:Y.Ot:0'J:
C 0 C

S'dGCDCO'J:C\(CD8.)~~9
~'c C. '1

oc

C'C'"I COO

CIGCD'JC:0'J:Gq:q
0 .

C\)CDG06.0()')

It

8.)O)tj:8.)'J:

c~

Ie :f

[j'0C1111 1O?c8.)~ 8SCDGC\)8.)':) G0)'JC:?'J:G9_=O?c8.)~ C

~C

o 0 C GC\)'J::D CDGC\)8.)'J0?, OC
oc co

[j' e 8.) ~ II S'dC\(0 idp: 8.) ~

C C C

q ~ C\)S'dC\(0 00:),)) 1'J 0:~p:Gq:1 ~6~

9

C\(0 0) 0)
C

C\jJ C
C

'¥CCGq:1

OC.

C]t~Gq:1

::D'J8.)'JGq:

S'dC\(OidP:06CC\)~:
C

q~~~;§S8J~II8()C\(6G~'JS:q~ S'dqCO(<j>:CD o)~:id8.)~CCD

C C', 0 C C '"I C C 0

id~IIS~Co·~·-"'-'J~:G~§_:. 'J'=8"c-:==~~
G c C 1O:~'J:Gq:C\(OC\(O -,

o . ~C C Cf.:X>'J[j'0:X>~1I
OC.

~CCGq:C\(OC\(OI C1111

c.

C-f.S'dGCDCD'J:C\(CD::D~~9

or~
0 0

C\fr~Gq:C\(OC\(O C IGCD'JC:IO'J:C-f. S'dGCD CD'J:~ 8.)':)

C

COO C

yO? 0)::D id~ 8.)

C C

2:? S'dC\(oqC\(OC\(O
C

GC\)'JCDGCD'JC: IO'J: 0:~e:Gq:S'dC\(O

9 C

S'dGOIOJS'dL':l'CS'dq

rr·

r;-:c

Gro:xD::D'1?'OOsrO¥

"-

~9 .

Ii

- ------- -

------

--~----------

---- ---------

~-----

--!

------,--~~~~~~~~~~'--~--------_,
Go
C' 0 C' C' f3? rY. 8fQ')<;[or~m~c:tylQJt:I:

Go
8dGC\Y)C:or
C' 0 C'O

:::D(,t,):::D(,tQ')~G:::D,) %:%:Q')~:Q')~:G:::D ro8p:

C' •

1rQ8:8:)6po~~:~~P:~9

~SG:;O:§~G:::D')~Q1

§8:(,tOJ:oS, or8~:::DoS§oS1rG6')9G:::D§8:§SG6')8:
C' _ • C' -C' • 0 C'

G1:::D~1I 8dQ:(:9 OfZ:::DQ')Q')6p:Q8d(,tJl::::D')::::D~ G:::D8oo8dmJQ

C'

~:::DC" , 800
C' ".

oc:OS:m:::DQG:::D'):::D 8dGUl&C 8dG(,t(,t') coocococoooxse

L T ILC
0 ILO J0 J,

OC'

C'

g, C'

C'

C'

C'

C'

C' C'

OJ T

mJQ~ 9_:::D~1I ~,)Gq:~

9 0

•,

~,):G(,t:G:::D,)

J000,~,~~C
~C'

C'

G(X)')8cD'f'08G:))~:~'):B§SG6')8: :::D'J::::D(,t:O(.ClI~or::::D'):9
c:. •
C'

836qGO:::D~1I
C'hC'<;'

gJim'J:
C'

~6p:(,tQ')~t::lC:ClI

8dt:l~GOQ')~:1I

~----------~~------------~l

d)!C1)0)

o c

en

CR~ \)~:mGoo:.§,8 mGoo:oo~: . T R~

0

"Od(\). O)·X(\)~:
" " ",. "

C ,,, c: 0) co §.G : co IL

ILU

elGhGco')O)O) ..' t:1 'L

C1)O)s.e:::o '):C1)')P0.(O)C1)') o T

CO

"

())())')
L'

......

GC)OC1)e:O)S:~C1)C1)eO) C1)O)(\)')C1)(\)G(\)
IJ
0 LT J ' L" ., IL

C OC G

'-

"

GOd,)••• ~
c»
C.

,C

~JO)r:rtt.
C
Q

C,

G::n')e::n~e?t:_j.'l'.
0

C~o"

r,::::g .. , ~t:_j.(\)'). roe?:

C

e"

C1)C1)0).

e? ~G(\):G'l'Ep~

OdC1)C:~

COeC1)O)
L

oC

(..... )0:"

-r
i ,
~'

I~

!
I

r
11

Ii

Ii I:

,j!

OC::::D<f:e:

0C

fll

'\i~8l
Cr:::C 0

dSm
LT

Gr,~~:::Da3l d5oS8t3:G(v:)(f.,d5::D:~: lj..J L L C J L

0

L:1

<D~:QY.): c
C C

;;ocBc~~~O')'J~o)/
o

Gt'JmtJ':
c,

C~ C

~c:or,O(
c,

0,0

C';[cO)::nomO')~:m
C C'O

::n'J:::D'JG~:Cl.( ?ftmtOH~:CD~;to 4~'J9Gc.8o;P' . tm~c:O')O)~~ C or,adGt'f.

C . C ~ 0,

::m:::D'JG ~:CT.?J~:o
COO

coc

8'dGBd:::DG~:nO')q::>:GCD'JmCl.(GO')?
0C C C O~ G

r:::o

f ~~m ::noSGCD'JoS0CT.?JoSof:
CO

~dJ2:mo~~0')'JG~~0)

~C:oro :::D~')
0 C

CO

GCYCD'J~C~~:~L:10/O')O)C{lII
. ~ C ·C

'1

CO'

G~mOJmG~/
C C -~

GO')'J~;;o~'JG~/ ~orO')O/J;?:II
,

G~'JCDO' ;;oq::>L:1:G~GCD'Jm C';[cO)::nomO')~:O)

C
o~

0')0') GC:pm?f
'. 0 C C

'1

o)<D«CO')<D~C GCYCD'Jqs'J: ::n'J:::D')O')q::>:f.~or~C:

"

CO C

.c 0 C
,0

, ~O)~~C
o

0(0)0;?L:1~0(:C{l0)q::>
00 ." C'
t')

C.O

8'd~<D

:::D'J~O( ~O0'):~,& ~d0)2:0/q(:

" '1' 0

0 C'

8/~~C
L

~~'J:::n: / J ,_--'.L..
'"

ru8 8::>t CD[;c8 oS en 8'dCD[; a3

0

2:mGO')?
L L

G.'

C';[Co)G~
0

~'J:::D'JO')q::>:orm<D'J:O')'J 0);;00') oS;;iS0lGcm" l

0
0

\0

lOlL

orO) 0') 0)

C';[Ccoco
o
C C

0' m
OC

0') ~:m
C

Cl.( 0) O;? L:1 ~O(: C{I 0)

0 ~

CO'.

q::>.::n'J:::D'JG~:<D'JGOG~O( ~C:::DGCD'Jm GCYCD'J(j)O')~qs'J:~o)II ::n'J:::D'J0') ;;ocBctJ':

C COO COC",' C, C C C
0

cr:::

=CD'J CD~: a?t ~ m Go;?O( 0;: o)«C 2: GCllJ-lm 'f. ~::::D 0

CDmG~YJmG?f'Jm::nO'?f'J' O(O}8'd~m:::D'J~m
C C C

c~ cococ

Coo

admJl:~G8'd'Jc O(O}oO')O't:mJc
C C O'ccc

8'd~:dJ ~8'd~o
C -,

qs'J:~CD~~C

8'd<D~:8'do;?mo/ a3§~oSII
ToT

'1'

8'dmJl:GmJ:~i.j<Dcgt:~8'd'Jc :::D~t:olG~'J~
T

r,;:c

G;;o'Jc§lmGo:~c ;;0 pfj3:G8loSC?'J

oc

Gt'JoS@:GO)?
IL L

~._ ..._._..~. . -.

:::D~:OJ~:m CDd3t:~ s~:~~m~~~S~'8'd'J8

~en <Dm'J:O)Sd~:a3GOl(j)'JII
00

'-lo T

JOy

,~l

o'3Qt:d3Qt:Gr:'J:::D'J:l

-"l'

L }l

,lj. 0

OT-LoO C'

~8:cD ~'J:(j):<.9oS(j):~::::D'J: CjJ r,;:S~ol" ILl::1

~IL

'4 0

:::DO/O')CDt(j'JII :::DyC::::DCo)'J ~8'd,G8'd'JC~

tJ

"0

C'

C'

0'

~O?

"-

<Dm'J:

a;:

r: ·C" 'GtJ''Jo)'J~orO')CD'J:
" C C' Of 0') 0') CD06 II

2: 8'dGt to C?c C CDG0'6 CJ? ::n'J:::D'J0') E;p:

Q "

99
GC\t(\)')O{ m Q),):GQ)QJC OJ')m(\) q:~oSE>[J
COC C C COC.

'.

-,

3 8)G::D')O 10II cy.[ 0)0.( t::1 E::: ::BQan~i>t8

C.

'I'

.r::;:::.

::D')8),)OJE>[J:q. 3<lG§~3'd~S8)')qq':[
,. C C 0 C C 0

OJQ)Qj'fQO(OJ OJQ)Qj'f':p :J:)')8),)Gq:COq,)3'dQE:::d Cfc(\)Qo;( Gm')mG06q.

C 0

oc

8)'):Gm')C::D0O(
0

GE>[Jm':[t:Q8) G5Pmq?'):~c
0 C ,

oc

OJO)cr:cOJ,) QC:O?CIO? QJffit:JCO(o)G06.o

..

'I 0

C~C

QOj?OJ(\),):o;? OC(\)O)CI:W:U
C C
(,j It

"

8)G::D')Golmtj
0 0,
L

'I C~
C

e:Gq"
C

GQOJQ~O(C:
C' 0C

CQ

oc
.e

'I

r::;:::.

8).::D sococoo
C.
L

c.

Q)Q)Q)G00tC\(mQ)'):U8)E::: O?, C C C~ C 'I ~ cr::;:::. C C C C C GCO,)C~3a;:OJ[j: G::D,)3IG06 3<lt:JCuE:::(\)Cq?,):G3d-,)C CDOC09 §lC:(\)C:\5G(\): ot0otme:'?o
" C OC. O·C C C C, C 0 CQ ,,, "

o 0 COC thc ::D')8)')OJSP:O( orO)~c2::mij'9

mlS GOJ')m (\)21.): 01T c.:.

0

3'd(\)QQQQIC8)
C C 0 C

(\)Co)OJC:
r::;:::.
IL L

0C

C'

8)oGm')c:OJ')G<-{1 C.lo;[SP" 31<j(\)E::::3mGof. cocoor» GqG~:::l(:3f:

• 0

'I

'I

'I.
C

qc·cr:cc':[')

orfqmJl:10OJO)ot.

coo

cr:cq':[,)G<-{lo;?,)1I

'I

OC:::Di':e:

0C

??

cocuS.§.tG(JOO ~~: It' To a <f't

GQ,)C~Co)~

CO

- -~-.----------'---------j ....

no

I
It
,[
\~

·'Ii
:J

'!,"I itI
i
1\

111

It
f

iii

I~ 'I n'

,i
'1'1,' :I

JI

m'):<& ~a;,,)(),)0G'l'0)')

GSS.qO:)') a;,Uidid'l'~:OI~:1I 8s')htGm')t:q

0 ,0

r,::Q'

,'1

mGm')c: ~q~O)oSl

.'

O)')m
"

SoSG00)'l',)GOXD8C1fo?
c

~Gm.rGSSCD~:
c
-,

'h" 'T' "r:?' t;p0-0C['j0GOI q:rom1t<f.a;,tllc

(,g c m8sp0-0cq.
qsmO)mJ1t
)

'T' '1, GOIGOlmCD,)

o)o)o),)GSSCD~: ::DG::n?OII

idljC:~qO?

r:::'

0,

-,

,0 c c 0 h' ' , 0),)11G~O)'l'<e:m::D') ~C()')GSSq. ::nOa;,CDC:O( ['j0G00),)1 G~<f.

81m ::n')d5~GS::DcDl CDCoSGO)d5 Gid£&r:GOO')tGo:GS Ll'j T Il 0l To u T

Q

~C().)::D') t;p0-0Ca;,')id;;l;;lJmGm,)C:G00),)1I G~ o , ( 0 ') c, • h' c c §to? ::DO? ~c().)q. m~:a;,['jo)::D,) a;,~'l':a;,§t'l'~:o)o)o),)ii c c c h" f:Q.' ,0 c ~C().)'l'.G~ 0)0::D'):0)~:mJG1'tlc:mo GC\)')mljid:;;lJid:<& CDid:0 0"" c 'T'''''', c q~'):O)')~O? a;,;;OC::D91tGSS ~C()')GSSa;,GOI "j') ~'l':GCD,)C: Go:q"j')OIl a;,80),)0'l'
~o
, ,g

ido)::DC:~.q~

0,

,"

,."

<-l]mqsmqc

t;p0-0CO( mJ'l'0,)::D9~<f.0 OO:h'):

00,

,"

'l''2:~l 0 qGo)?"j')II , ~GS=id,)

c

0)()')1I

,,0, a;,::Dma;,§().)'l'.idqC:o),)~:1I
"
LGOo L
0 0

T-L-J.L:1

~OStl8(08;;3cD CD~:CDcoS~:).))s')m
flU

"0,, G~<f.0 qC:

IL

l:j

"llL:1

0)').00 co II
0

:J 0 id') r;

- ~ oS0')::n =: G()')')Go).s ide» 8 G::D,) 'CD~: a;,;;o 8 l3 0 l -lIL IL~ 8::D:J511 Jt c.::.

a;,O)~:(o L 8 ::n~)1 CDcoS a;,;;ot a;,cD~:(8(),)Q::n~)()') IL ~ ~ T G IL IL T ~ "I IL'

O~::DG~a;,'):B9 (a;,::DoSa;,§oSa;,'):B9)B:G::D') a;,68~::D~ c h" c 0,., ,0 ' c0 a;,::Dma;,'):['j9 §to;;o()')1 O(:;;o()')I, 0)0t;p§tG0m')~ m')id'2C1DO( ~:G;;o')8~0,): 0(
0"

m')id8"O)oSidP:
,,,

~~m~c().)

0,

B0~p~: o?,CD8lG'l'olm A ,,'1, o;r~::D,) ::DO)"jO)qOlid~1I

d2~
~~

a;,68~::D~

0JlidJSG::D') g:)idBllG::D:G::D') mJ<~:id,)~

OCO~~§oS~9. 8~~G55')~Bgolmro~:m-)id~d)~0?:G;;mc'(>-'~'''c..-··
id~0,):1 m,)id'2oh'§ B0~§S:g~oSid~' idtlll C\?,CDidOCml O(~O( (a;,~<6?qol§Go).s
~ • 0, 0 0"

Cf)')id'2ohd?,q p~:§8:
~"

Btid')8tl

. o~')§t~U:

.o;r~

0 'c. ~a;,Oc:l11l

'::DidS<6?0bl 0')~00

]i))

qs')§'):ro oSidO(oSCD,):I ~~:~coS8:).))1',)II;;lttl.r:d?, I

Gg')c:::n~

c_

( C\)Q)GO: )._ c

-·c1(g~Gd,:r
j-jJOOO

j
J

Ii.1~;Ii

'i,
"

O?c.DO"G:;O'::lcL1I3~I~9?:
C . C C . G

.0

q;::;:::r;-;

'I

'

"
"

.
"

"oC

O?c.DO~G:;O?CE1C ,=>:.,=>~:8:)G~CU'::l: '=>G"OIIl E1O')CUGo.?E1c'=>:~:OIO')(),):J?~: ~IDO')O~OIG~SI

.0 C

"

'I

'I

" C

"C

'I.

'(ffi'::l:'I «ffi'::l: G~:~:~2:::~ §o;p,=>8:~.~'::l:~

C .0

a;lCX>C GB?G~
" "CoOC'I "C

mp:§ScuJd3
~ c

§qpO')G~:~:O')u)1
c
,.0 .0

O')?OO? O(ota;(~l:o( 130') ~?~

'I'
.0

wq?~~
C

E1?:~2:::
~'c

'.

G~O')'=>G~q(:CU?: .0 .0 '.0 .0 C .0' r;:: cc. '=>'=> ot.ot c.Dot b'oa?'=>C:c:l1 IDO')?:~G£~~ LT
~Lon
C. C

CUO')'=l~~COI~~: ~IDQ')O~
c

" C G C .0 .0

~06 C:'I
-, .0

OIG~SI

'I

~C())')

OG~~8GO'),)~CU~c:0(

co

G'=>:CY):~~OO oat;().)081m?: 00 ell ILoLa

OC1D'):d3~ '=>~ LO L
C,

:J.)GCU,)"

o?

018100')'):0(

mGID'ICIj'~t:1orO')~2:::11

C~

.0

.c

C.

o(E1C~IDO':~2:::

.0

'I

O?E1.~Of

G~()IDO')'):~~8[9§S~

oG:~')6~~:
xxx

~?:6GO')?~~1I

',c:

~IDO')O~OI'?~SI
"c.o

C"O

a;(Of~O')'IQ')~;r:P:O?
.0

c,~

,,'

=s= 8:)()')~IDO':CU
·.0, 'C' C'l

,"

'=>C:~l:' ,(ffi'):~l:'
'C

o(~~2:::.;,)Jl:~
.0

co

>,

~:;oc:q~l:~

c,.o.o

GCU:O :§lO
C

~.o~

c Q')co :J(~: "

"C

'I ~GOQ')()')II
.0

m 8 m'=>Jl:Gcu:OI:'I')
.0

,G

'I

a;l~Jl.O')
~c

.0

~Q')Q')()')II
C .0

=s=
.0 .0.

t:Q')()')lIm~Jl.m
.

~~:'=>().)'):
'I

t:1ID'I~:Q')()')1I
"

=a=

'=>'ItIDO'),): GB?mu)1I m~JrGcu:o,:'I')

" C

a;l~l.O')
C

8P9?c'I,):0')u)1I
C

~mBlm~G06OO,)

'Icc 'I

§lQ')()J ~JIDO')O~
"

OIG~S
c

"c
c

'I~O I:J{~:
~c

co 2:::OO') 0( ~CU m 0(' co 2:::OO,)a;l 0( ~CU d:{CX(0')O? m 0(1

c

.oc

ec.oec,

~t=DOO,) a;l[jIDmO(I ~2:::OO,) a;lt:1ID~CX(mO?a;lO(' CX(O')m.m.~1 ~COO,)O')GQ')? ~

o .;

~c

.0

.0

-,

~2:::OO,) 'I0
-0'- -

G,

o ~c ' ,-.0

t-· , .
.0

"j-0CX(OJO?mcx> mO')Jl:ocO?m~
C .0 C

G-" ' 0 -_ '~C

-,,'

c-,

m~l:Gcu:OI:~
co

'I
.0

§lGOQ')c.D1I~~qc
c
G ,~

m~l:Gcu:OI:CX>'I')
C .0

.0

''I''

'=>GCUj'J,
cn c.:..
L

,c

O? mO')J9§l~or' 01G~c<&8 J
c..J

-,

a;lO')J9~CUt:12t0(~G06CU2::::
0

c.

§lGOO')()')

,0

8:),)f.d0-~~S c:. 8:)Q'):Q8(p8;;8Q8:~G£~~dST ,-:-lo L -l}L 0 L }lL::1

m')~Bl~d3 ,,'):~9G~~23"

-----~--~~~~~~~~~~~----'--~---------__1

xx

r
f:

I.

(0)

md.:('I'(\)t1~Gt::D2:2 «go),)::D,)ocOG~1 Gt9c:Gt§oS@3:§S G()::D~II 03G£~ CX)~hr,:QloSQI')·Q,) - -c..:. tJ

L:"[O ILl:J..I '\J_OJ

C"

C"

C"

C"

<:.

0(~:adG(\)')6:GO)~::l(GQG')~6qG~::D~ G(\):~G§')oS§SG::D,) §S03~Q~O( md.:('I'(\)t1~G'I'.o;?c

C" ~ C" C".

g]iO)gm~')§

Golo)QadQ~§~ ~~[jc:U
- hC"

3()056p§oS~')0(~:cO'i -

twO)op8oSd?
-=~~

0(9,):060S

GQ?t a:>~( rooSGo:)

mJQ:ar: - ad$?2:2::l(0')8??:

C"

C"

-6

O(:m:>:::D2:211

-------c"

(j)
(?)

..Q()';)0::D%,Ep&.(50-- ~c-m~·fro§-~-Gt.-og6=GolO)'GO(qx adG(\):>6:Go)~ dS8CnQt:::D'):adj:

GO).

<.n:~6h6:11 [j [j
0

Qm,)::Dm~&

00? ~ md.:(t(\)§~Gt.

ad~d)CnoS~t066

GolO) Q0( 6p: ad G(\)')6:::D ~ ::D152:2lO) d)GO)~d? q~~ 2 O)Q'):adr,;.SdS GQ')oSGO)~~h6:11 "T tj -L.
l LO ILl:J

II

ee

o c+ o c ; C 'C co cz a c ca c co so e co.@c =:D08'GS T U g To

l l .J • l L

_ mar~rorge1G;;:~ 9d§~@~~8~ ~:8ciSqas9d@S~aS<:]aS§8:

c c -, 0)C~C:~GC\):))CIl

~9 B~G§,)oS

The Sunday Times, Sunday, (12,9,1999)

&(21,5.2000)

Colombo,

Sri Lanka

Essays on the Thailand, c., c· 'tJ'fId?'15'O)~mJId:· 8d06

~c

Copyright 1994, Thanapol

Vittayakarn Co., Ltd. __ ~~. __ .

.01 0)1

·
.c

_
0c GtJ'J.GOCIl

~c m~~C\)l':1n:G~/

CT""' -

Iii

III I

!il

OO~ G'd')E;0tlcCD
G

r,:

C"'

(_Y)~8?,)~OCD
0

, ..

0C::).)'):(_Y)') CDJt:0')Gq: c\)0:Gc\)pCDqsCDc\y')~

C" C" C" "

c:

C"

o C" C" C" 8?CCCr,p 0')0G()'),)CDO')C:

,?i'CDGroGro

C"

0') ().)"

C"

OJ?CoSgJ->:S30605 Q~t~:ro~:"iICXij o)OGs;r)8§8tt§:

." c

~g::D')g

~",g~J",g::D')::D')

"C"

0c c '1 e-" G'd00(})E10ICDW

§oS~')~SPg§l8~.

G'd~§o? [~3')gGCD? ",8g::D,)glD,) CD8[9g

~ec c~c 0 0 '0 c0 c GCD? G~ Cg1ll0~')gCDWIl t:'JCD~')~spg G'dG;?,)WO(CDCg c .r,;:e.c ~CD pg"'CDC~g ij'0GtCDWIl _ cc c G r,;:e-·o c 0 c c C" OCD0'l'gCDJCsp::DeO( G'dG'l'G'dCD,)gij'YyCDY())O('l'Gn'd-:)C . GG'dg§Gto? ~GCD')e3gc:O'i') :;;j~g::D')~')§9 ~80aSqCDoS~CD,)

~orO?

d5
L

::DCD ::DG::D~YGolaS::Dgll
IL IL

:)00

'''I''I!

000

000

00')COg:) ~~O')~II
l _

o c:"

.J ... : ..

~c:·rr ". .•0 c 0 rr 0GOI G£O') ~OO:~Gd,):CD:OJ £,).~O')=:CD G~I .. T. JL L LT.. "I" 1.
0 0

...

'

....

01:011

c 8GO')? ~Wj9

oc

00')~0')')

c:

O]eD6L:1:
c 0'" ~O')W~OIOJ

"r~

GtpC:CD[j'0GOI
0c 00')mCD~: C:"

r,:. c

'r;;,c:

rr

G1~

"

GdD'6OJ 't1oO')SP:~:OJ
.0
1.

c:.c:

O'),)OJ ::DCDOJ CDOJ~CDOJOI

L l

. c,

"'8 II
.C:

c- 0 ~O')W ~ GdCD G0') ;;0 0')') 0

L 0 L

c:

oco '" c:" '" 00')~:G81::DcgOJ~Gd~I':;)')CD~:

c: GQ0XDI G81::D1G~,)o:> '" c: '"

OJ

c 0G::D,) ~Gm')c:~

" c

0c 00')GD6

c: c '" c OCCD')O')O')OIO')WII
00 0. . 0 0

GOJ,)C:~~O')

c:

,,0

OCCD')qCGO')? ~~GdOJJl: ~0')001:GdOJJl:0( .

c:

c:C c: 0 c .c '" c G;;O,)C§OJGO:~C 00')GD6 OCCD,)OIO')WII 3GO')? d5J;S~~Sol:;,~:;;;~golOJ~~~O'),) L J !J .n.. Jl:

...
IL··

~~-Z;; G;;;S
J..

'-.

§8a? ~o
G£aOJcD
T~ 0

~SolO')~1I

G~1~:CD~:OJJ Gdh'):GO:)')
~

O(WI 00')j001: Gd=OJGO')')

-1-·
0

c c '"

~~:::D')<f,~01())
L
L

0 '"

OOSP:[j'9 '

Or;;, c

0.):00'5

~gol~:II'
Jl
It

'" 0 c 31~C9JC -

<l)tj: GC\;)()')J9.~~G~:(),)w
" blC\)W:J): c'"
o
IL

fP;

c,

C"

W80C"'GtjG~:(),),)<f.

C'

r:

-,

~Q'):)
o
0 C' C' ,

8OaSC\)aS~:G(),)? blCl(6G80')8G()')?~:~olm
. C',
0 "

~~
C' 0 C'

O?, <l)(),)G0;5(])') blGm')C:O? 8'd')~G0;5tO mJcC\)wtJ': O(W, ceo

blG8'd:;;lJbl:O? :J)OG0;5O(0 Gspm~~,):OIC\)~blWIl 8'dSCI( bl[j'<l)G8'd,)C blbl<l)()')O( CX)t:~bl:m') ()')SP:~G:J)')
C' C' ,g 0 r;:C' C' 000 C' C' 0 OC' 0 OC' C' C' 0 C' C'. 0, C'O

C"

C'fP;

'I OC'

C' C' C' C'O

~o19
C'

t,)blO(
C' ~

GspmG8'd'Jc
C' 0
0

JiJ<f()')<f, l(8'dOOI(),)WII C
0
0

'I

~o19<j>'JblO( 8'dJiJ;;lcx)'J:9_ble::acG(),)? 'dJiJ;;l(),)sp:m ~<l)O: 8

.

§SGto1()')oSll 8'dS 8'dJiJ;;l(),)sp:1<l)OI:CO<f'J COC:P:O? 8'd'J~0( JiJ<f()')9_'50

CO

,-Go

C:1"

'-

c.

§Sol()')oSll

20bl'J
C' C' C' 0 . C'

8'dGt 8'd'J:§9 C'

~ococp:9_c
C' 0 C'

~oO( JiJ'j()')9_<f'J [j'<l)~CI(I 'j'OblCOCP:9_CGO')?

r;:C'

C'

C'

r;:C' C'

C'

C'

C'

<j>'JblOj? JiJ'j()')9_:_f'J[j'<l)OI(),)WIICI(9_c:mG(),)?

'I

C'

CX)C:p:~~'JO?

C'

-,

c: o Y 0( JiJ Gt 9_<f'J[j' e 0 Ico W II 'jQ')

r;: C' 0 C'

'I

:J)'JG~'p9C\)e::: ~o~m~mo
g 0 C' C' C', C'

C'

C'

acGO')? C'O
0

JiJblWoy,~CI(:~C:tJ':
C', C' C' 0
0

C'fP;

~OO(.;;lJe:::blJiJ9_O ~:II
C'

C'O

C'

SCI(OIOI ~Obl~m~mO
'I ~
C' C'

'I'

C'

JiJblWoy, 1C1(:~c:m'J
0 . C' C' C'
0

'pblO(~e:::
C'

C'

. C' C"

blJiJ
C'

9_OI~:11:J)'JG~P9C\)e:::acGO')? JiJEB19G(),)?()')sp:qc:
o

~o~m~mJiJEBI~Obl~m~m

bl9_~Coy,OOil

OC'

~'

SG(),)? -

COEp:0
r;:C" C"

[j'00? ~OPblG0;5o( @:ol()')oSll

c· .

~6t'JS
0

02§y_zcft~'ti~J)~~~~?O)S@l§~t_:_:m-=-C'__ .0 Or.::: C' 0 C' 0 c! JiJtjC: m21~l3c:m2C\)e::: 8'dCl(8'dG0:pm.

'~'C'

8'dGq:8'd8:~:mG(),)? . ~O<j>'Jbl1C;:bl[j'<l)GOIG~:O? O~l~f

. C' C' C' C' r;:C'

JiJo?EB6,pS(])'J §S~:~o? 8'dPO()')

C'

8'ddSaS
C' ~

'T'

.,

C'

~O~Obl bllli:()')9_O

C'

~:II'

~Op00(~'J

C'

C'

.\tJ.9_OI()')WII

'I

31~~8 o~l~'1' Etl0'1',)00( :)?c.D0( jil0C\J1I 3ImGOJ? ~C:OIOJc.D1O(c.DG'd1'tG'dspEtl0 G'dG'1'lj9 qp:qc

, C C

co.

co.

-,

'I

'I

0.

'

C'

I,;. C

C C' '

q?'):OJc.D IqoqcqoOJc.D
C , C' C

C'

C'

C' C'

CX(cqc ~<f.qc
>

0. C

C' C'

CX(cOJc.D QY.):qc Il:O:OJc.D 0:::Dclj9

CI,;. C

0. C

C'

C, C

G06:qc

Go;s:OJc.D ~'1'.qc
L

jil~OJqOI0c.D1I

'I

~c{301o 0. C C

0OJG'd1'tG'dSP p0 0)00mqc
, c C' C'

(C)
C

OJSP:G'dGflj9
C'

I,;. C

o(~Jcqc
C 0.

0.

C'

o(~JcO)c.D I
Cl C)

0.

c'

OJm0mO)c.D
cl,;.c

I 00)~:qC
c,

0.

0.

t:
,

'0.

00)~:0)c.D '1',)0
C (0.

I Go;s:qc G'dGOI~
'l'"'

Go;s:OJc.D 0:::Dclj9
-lJ C oc

jilGOI (x)C~:G'1'O?

'T

O0)

ltlJ

1':100'3(;10')

1,;.4)010)0511 l:)'
C, oc cp,

:nc.DG'd~J'1'~ jil~O)q0C\J ~spn(2'30G&1

,G C 0. C

==
0.

'I

G'd0(00G§:1 G'1'SP0G~1
C c, , r,;:C'l C

G'd~'1'0G& CY.1J9t:_j3'd'):QO)qyop:>sp:o lj0010)c.D1I

C C

G'dG Etl0'1',)00JSP: ~001:or

O.CO.C C 0.0.0. CO.C

'I

0..

'1''1'm~c: ~:(X)~J'1'm 00)Ctj:

C C oc C oc

0.

OC

c~

Go)? cG'dO~J'1'G'd(x) 00OJOJ~C:::DGC\J')mjil~0)\5,):0p:~Co)c.D1I

•

:nWGO)?Olj0lj01
'0.

mGo)?
C

<
0.

:n,)G'dGt:_j,)c:Gt.~P90 lj0lj0 co., 'G ' OO:::D'1',)OJSP:jil~O)CI.(, 0q::;;t:I- 8G'1'spmGo)?

... . . "
G 0.

,CCl,;.cr,:;:::::

r,:;::::: c-,

I,;.CI,;.C

G 0.

8G'd~J'1' OO:::D'1'')
0.

jil~OJCI.(, 0q::;;t:1 3G'dG'1'G'd(X)'):mGo)? 0q::;;t:~0?

0. ,

OO:::D'1'') O)sp:jiJ\5'):CI.(,

G'dGtJ8dG'1' 0~OI::;;t:1I
oc

r:::'

0 'I
0.

m,)C\Jarc:~')

jil~O)CI.(, qOIO)c.D1I jil~OJ,&o O(G'dOO)')OIIl

'I

,C

co

s,

0.

'I

2°0')

C , G

G'd:::Dm~llO? ~mG'1'

0OJCtj:

C~

o)SP:G'd,):CX(0)0C~0

0. ~

'..8d.::lJo?~llci?o?o-?t:sR::J.:)0fO?:()111

iI';'. ,J

OJJ

c3oSolll
L

. ::>J9

9 0 2:Gm')o~

em mC) cr
C

~Gt~C~~'J
c.
C

8m'J(')~02~
C

CG> • C

Gmpc~orG-.pm(\)'Jt::1~
Cf,?_ • C

f,?_"

8';l§lc:Jf-.p~
C

0)2G~~1i::DcQ')t~t.
C

>,

oOJ::Dmt::1~ or0~~~CC\(,
, •• 0

=r=

(\)'JOJ'J
"0

0I

'1

:Jf-.p~1 ::DcOJt~mJC~OO?y0G(\)~::D~JCc\(' 8';l(,)1l.§lo'2~:Jf-.p~ C\(, G~:(\)'Ja?G?06d) ~o1OJoSli

"

coo

C 0 'lG>

::D8OJ~:f.ooS::Dd)8i~02Cl:O:<2o?
()

G8'J§S
C .,

::DcOJt~m

00 qmOJOJoll1 ::DCOJt~::l?, G-.pm(\)'JO?

C . 0 C C

coo

'1

mG(\)~~p~()),) Go)'Jmp:G(\)~~qc

::D'J(')GC1DOOJqt::1~I~t~mG(\)~

r;;; 'oc

~qt-83
~'j:~GOJ?
C C

(\)§l6od)qo1rooS . Go)'J8Jrooos
,oc "oc

II.ro~Jl~d5-ccr~8'"ro-05T~-o?-c=~~f~,(JYG'Oj~C

::DCOJt~00?8';l~JtmGt
'1 c. £'J~~'J T -lJ

OoSG001OJoSii ~80)~~m'J~~p~())'J CR.. oc 0 c, ::DCOJt~t::1~~~~t8';lCDGmpC~~O Gtq

C

~'JOJIIOJ0Gt.OJ'Jq. 8';l~tG-o)'J~m ~tm

Q J.

9 t'Jq8';lOo)'JCDI 9:?0
ILlj

G> OC

Q~'JQ::D'J:I ;;o.Q'")GOJ.scO~ 83(\)~O)R: IL 0 -L-

~0180m'J:£'J0) t:::j T

Il

OJ?

II
Ii
r
/1 Ii

,
:1

'

0 2:G<D'J0!3 (rR C) LJoo

Q

O~9

. Ii (
I

I!

'I 1\
1\

,I

C C( E gC:GO~ 0 C 0)::D?(» )

.'

i
I

GQ:)-:> DC 8> Q)

It

I
f
:11· c,

·I!

it IE.

If

,
f
r

ii

Ii Ii I,~

;:";,.,

'/:

O~J

I
~
I

'I

IIr
11

\~ I

.1

,'.,

I, l

.i

I.. ·

1' L,

n
it

1\

,I

!
"

s-.