HI Y HC TP. H CH MINH HI DINH DNG TP.

H CH MINH

Sinh hot Khoa hc K thut

THC PHM CHC NNG HIU NG LM NG DNG NG

TP. HCM, 29/09/2007

MC LC

Trang S dng thc phm chc nng: i iu nn v khng nn GS. Lu Dun Ph Ch tch Hi Khoa hc v Cng ngh Lng thc Thc phm Vit Nam 1

Thc phm chc nng TS. Trn ng Cc Trng Cc An Ton V Sinh Thc Phm/ B Y T Thc phm chc nng: T quan nim n thc tin ti Vit Nam PGS. TS. Trn Minh Tm Hng dn chn la v s dng thc phm chc nng TS. BS. Nguyn Th Minh Kiu Ch Tch Hi Dinh Dng TPHCM

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S DNG THC PHM CHC NNG I IU NN V KHNG NN

LU DUN, GS. TSKH. TRNG I HC CNG NGH SI GN (STU) dzuan@hcm.vnn.vn Thc phm chc nng (TPCN) l sn phm giao thoa gia thc phm (ngun gc thin nhin) v dc phm (thuc - ngun gc ha cht), nh c cc hp cht hot ng sinh hc v c tc dng n sc khe ngoi gi tr dinh dng c bn. Trong , cc cht chng oxi ha (antioxydant), cc polyphenol, melanoid, v probiotic l c vai tr rt quan trng. Vic s dng hp l v c hiu qu cc thc phm chc nng trn l mt trong cc vn rt ng quan tm. Sau y mt s iu nhc nh NN v KHNG NN trong s dng TPCN: iu 1: V thc phm cha nhiu cht chng oxi ha Cc vitamin c tnh cht chng oxi ha c trong cc loi thc phm sau y: Tin vitamin A (carotene): gc, c rt Vitamin C (acid ascorbic): cam, chanh, bi, rau xanh Vitamin E (tocopherol): u, gi Acid citric: Tri cy chua (cam, chanh, sri, kh,.) Flavonoid: nho, b NN: S dng gc, c rt, u, gi cng vi cht bo v carotene v vitamin E d ha tan trong cht bo (du m) th c th mi hp thu c. Nn n nhiu ht c du (u phng, m, ht hng dng) ht ny mm (gi) v c nhiu vitamin E. KHNG NN: Khng nn xay sinh t v b ha ln nhiu khng kh (oxy), lm cho cc vitamin v cht chng oxi ha d b phn hy. Khng nn lm dng vitamin A, E, C, acid citric, flavonoid v c th hn ch kh nng hp thu v cng c th gy tc dng c hi sc khe do mt cn bng th oxi ha - kh trong cc phn ng sinh ha trong c th. Khng nn ch bin thc phm cha nhiu cht chng oxi ha nhit cao, thi gian di v c nhiu nc v vitamin d b tn tht.

iu 2: V tr cha cc polyphenol Tr cha cc hp cht polyphenol nh catechin, antocyanine, flavonoid

NN: Ung tr thng xuyn hn ch nguy c ung th, tt cho tim mch Dng nc tr kh mi hi tanh trong ming, ra tay v nu cc mn c c mi tanh, do polyphenol ca tr c tc dng vi cc amin c mi tanh ca c, tht, KHNG NN: Khng nn nut b l tr, v c th hp thu phi benzopyrene l cht kh tan, d gy ung th. Khng ung tr c sau ba n, nht l ba n c nhiu tht, c v s c phn ng kt ta gia acid tanic, protein, st to ra hp cht kh tiu ha, gim kh nng hp thu protein v st. LU : Tr xanh tt hn tr vng, tr , tr en v c nhiu cc hp cht polyphenol c li cho sc khe hn. Mt ly tr li t, hi nhiu iu 3: V go rang to ra hp cht melanodine v caramel Trong qu trnh rang go, ht s to thnh cc hp cht melanoidine (phn ng gia acid amin v ng kh) v caramel (ng b tch nc v trng hp thnh cc hp cht cao phn t). Cc cht ny c tc dng hn ch vi khun pht trin, ng thi to ra mi thm v mu nu cho thc phm. Melanoidine v caramel ch c tc dng tt mc gii hn, nu qu nhiu s c hi ti sc khe. NN: Dng go rang nu nc tr tiu chy Thnh (bt go rang) c tc dng c ch vi sinh vt, dng cho sn xut nem chua, cho, bo qun tht. KHNG NN: Thc phm rang nng chy qu bao gm c c ph, to ra cc hp cht c hi cho sc khe. iu 4: V sa chua da chua cha nhiu vi khun lactic v probiotic NN: n sa chua da chua ng thi hay sau khi n thc n khc. Khng n lc i, v vi khun lactic c th b acid chlohydric tiu dit mt phn ln trong d dy. Da chua cng phi lm t rau sch, c ng, mui, nhit ln men, KHNG NN: Da kh l da b ln men butyric (mi hi), cnh tranh vi ln men lactic (mi, v chua) v vy da kh nn c nu chn trc khi s dng, cn da chua, sa chua khng nn un nng dit trng v vi khun lactic s b dit.

iu 5: Ba iu khng nn trong s dng thc phm chc nng 1. Khng tham lam: Khng nn s dng qu mc, hay lm dng (acid citric, vitamin C, polyphenol, melanoidine) 2. ng ng nhn: Phi hiu bit tng tn, khng hiu sai v tnh nng v hiu qu ca TPCN. S hiu bit t kinh nghim ca ring mnh nn coi l mt trng hp c th. Ch ti mt c li v c hi ca tng loi TPCN. 3. Ch c tin: Tc l lm theo li ngi khc ni mt cch thiu thn trng, thiu khch quan, khng ph hp vi mnh. Cc th d v s dng nc l cha bnh, nhn n, cha bnh bng nc tiu l bng chng. Nn nh: Khng c loi thc phm chc nng no c kh nng cha tt c cc bnh. s dng tt thc phm chc nng cn cn c vo 5 gi tr ca thc phm l: 1. Gi tr dinh dng 2. 3. 4. 5. Gi tr v sinh an ton sc khe Gi tr cm quan Gi tr vn ha Gi tr kinh t - cng ngh Hy c gng tr thnh bc s dinh dng v TPCN cho chnh mnh.

THC PHM CHC NNG

CC AN TON V SINH THC PHM PGS.TS. Trn ng I. NH NGHA 1. Thut ng c lin quan 1) Thc phm (Food): Tt c cc cht hoc cha ch bin nhm s dng cho con ngi gm n, ung, nhai, ngm, ht v tt c cc cht c s dng sn xut, ch bin hoc x l thc phm, nhng khng bao gm m phm hoc nhng cht ch c dng nh dc phm. 2) Nhn (Label): Th, du hiu, hnh nh hoc mt hnh thc m t c vit, in, ghi, khc ni, khc chm hoc gn vo bao b thc phm. 3) Nhn hiu hng ho (Trade Mark): L nhng du hiu dng phn bit hng ho cng loi ca cc c s sn xut kinh doanh khc nhau. Nhn hiu hng ho c th l t ng, hnh nh hoc s kt hp cc yu t c th hin bng mt hoc nhiu mu sc. 4) Ghi nhn (Labelling): Dng ch vit hoc hnh nh trnh by cc ni dung ca nhn nhm cung cp cc thng tin v bn cht sn phm . 5) Bao b (Container): Vt cha ng dng cha thc phm thnh n v bn. Bao b (bao gm c cc lp bc) c th ph kn hon ton hoc mt phn thc phm. 6) Bao gi sn (Prepackaged): Vic bao gi trc thc phm trong bao b v sn sng cho bn cho ngi tiu dng. 7) Thnh phn (Ingredient): Cc cht c trong thc phm bao gm c ph gia thc phm c s dng trong qu trnh sn xut, ch bin thc phm v c mt trong thnh phm cho d c th dng chuyn ho. 8) Cht dinh dng (Nutrient): cc cht c dng nh mt thnh phn ca thc phm nhm: a/ Cung cp nng lng, hoc b/ Cn thit cho s tng trng, pht trin v duy tr s sng, hoc c/ Thiu cht s gy ra nhng bin i c trng v sinh l, sinh ho. 9) X thc phm (Fibre): Cht liu thc vt hoc ng vt c th n c khng b thu phn bi cc men ni sinh trong h tiu ho ca con ngi v c xc nh bng phng php thng nht.

10) Xc nhn (Claim): Vic ghi nhn nhm khng nh mt thc phm c nhng ch tiu cht lng ring bit lin quan n s bin i v ngun gc, thuc tnh dinh dng, bn cht t nhin, c im ch bin, thnh phn cu to ca thc phm . 2. Thc phm chc nng Cho n nay cha c mt t chc quc t no a ra nh ngha y v thc phm chc nng, mc d c nhiu Hi ngh quc t v khu vc v thc phm chc nng. Thut ng Thc phm chc nng, mc d cha c mt nh ngha thng nht quc t, nhng c s dng rt rng ri nhiu nc trn th gii. + Cc nc chu u, M, Nht: a ra nh ngha thc phm chc nng l mt loi thc phm ngoi 2 chc nng truyn thng l: cung cp cc cht dinh dng v tho mn nhu cu cm quan, cn c chc nng th 3 c chng minh bng cc cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc nh tc dng gim cholesterol, gim huyt p, chng to bn, ci thin h vi khun ng rut + Hip Hi thc phm sc kho v dinh dng thuc B Y t Nht Bn, nh ngha: Thc phm chc nng l thc phm b sung mt s thnh phn c li hoc loi b mt s thnh phn bt li. Vic b sung hay loi b phi c chng minh v cn nhc mt cch khoa hc v c B Y t cho php xc nh hiu qu ca thc phm i vi sc kho. + Vin Y hc thuc vin Hn lm Khoa hc quc gia M, nh ngha: Thc phm chc nng l thc phm mang n nhiu li ch cho sc kho, l bt c thc phm no c thay i thnh phn qua ch bin hoc c cc thnh phn ca thc phm c li cho sc kho ngoi thnh phn dinh dng truyn thng ca n. + Hip Hi thng tin thc phm quc t (IFIC), nh ngha: Thc phm chc nng l thc phm mang n nhng li ch cho sc kho vt xa hn dinh dng c bn. + c, nh ngha: Thc phm chc nng l nhng thc phm c tc dng i vi sc kho hn l cc cht dinh dng thng thng. Thc phm chc nng l thc phm gn ging nh cc thc phm truyn thng nhng n c ch bin cho mc ch n king hoc tng cng cc cht dinh dng nng cao vai tr sinh l ca chng khi b gim d tr. Thc phm chc nng l thc phm c ch bin, sn xut theo cng thc, ch khng phi l cc thc phm c sn trong t nhin. + Hip Hi nghin cu thc phm Leatherhead (chu u): Cho rng kh c th nh ngha thc phm chc nng v s a dng phong ph ca n. Cc yu t chc nng u c th b sung vo thc phm hay nc ung. T chc ny cho rng: Thc phm chc nng l thc phm c ch bin t thc n thin nhin, c s dng nh mt phn ca ch n hng ngy v c kh nng cho mt tc dng sinh l no khi c s dng

+ Rober Froid M.: Ti Hi ngh quc t ln th 17 v dinh dng (ngy 27-31/8/2001) ti Vin (o) trong bo co Thc phm chc nng: Mt thch thc cho tng lai ca th k 21 a ra nh ngha: Mt loi thc phm c coi l thc phm chc nng khi chng minh c rng n tc dng c li i vi mt hoc nhiu chc phn ca c th ngoi cc tc dng dinh dng, to cho c th tnh trng thoi mi, kho khon v gim bt nguy c bnh tt. + B Y t Vit Nam: Thng th s 08/TT-BYT ngy 23/8/2004 v vic Hng dn vic qun l cc sn phm thc phm chc nng a ra nh ngha: Thc phm chc nng l thc phm dng h tr chc nng ca cc b phn trong c th ngi, c tc dng dinh dng, to cho c th tnh trng thoi mi, tng sc khng v gim bt nguy c gy bnh. + Nh vy, c rt nhiu cc nh ngha v thc phm chc nng. Song tt c u thng nht cho rng: Thc phm chc nng l loi thc phm nm gii hn gia thc phm (truyn thng Food) v thuc (Drug). Thc phm chc nng thuc khong giao thoa (cn gi l vng xm) gia thc phm v thuc. V th ngi ta cn gi thc phm chc nng l thc phm thuc (Food-Drug). Tuy nhin, thc phm chc nng (Functional Food) khc vi thc phm truyn thng (Food) ch: c sn xut, ch bin theo cng thc: b sung mt s thnh phn c li hoc loi bt mt s thnh phn bt li ( king). Vic b sung hay loi bt phi c chng minh v cn nhc mt cch khoa hc v c c quan nh nc c thm quyn cho php (thng l phi theo tiu chun). C tc dng vi sc kho nhiu hn (tc dng vi mt hay mt s chc nng sinh l ca c th) hn l cc cht dinh dng thng thng. Ngha l, thc phm chc nng t to ra nng lng (calorie) cho c th nh cc loi thc phm truyn thng (c bn) nh cc loi thc phm go, tht, c Liu s dng thng nh, thm tr tnh bng miligram, gram nh l thuc. i tng s dng c ch nh r rt nh ngi gi, tr em, ph n tui mn kinh, ngi c hi chng thiu vi cht, ri lon chc nng sinh l no + Thc phm chc nng khc vi thuc ch: Nh sn xut cng b trn nhn sn phm l thc phm, m bo cht lng v sinh an ton sc kho, ph hp vi cc quy nh v thc phm. i vi thuc, nh sn xut cng b trn nhn l sn phm thuc, c tc dng cha bnh, phng bnh vi cng dng, ch nh, liu dng, chng ch nh. Thuc l nhng sn phm iu tr v phng bnh, c ch nh nhm ti lp, iu chnh hoc sa i chc nng sinh l ca c th.

V d: Tr bc h Nu ghi trn nhn: Nc ung gii nhit, th l: Thc phm Nu ghi trn nhn: Ch nh iu tr ri lon d dy, th l: Thuc. C th s dng thng xuyn, lu di nhm nui dng (thc n qua sonde), b dng hoc phng nga cc nguy c gy bnh m vn an ton, khng c c hi, khng c phn ng ph. Ngi tiu dng c th t s dng theo hng dn cch s dng ca nh sn xut m khng cn khm bnh k n ca thy thuc. Functional Food Dietary suplement Nutraceutical

Food

Drug

No claim

Health claim

Drug claim

Hnh 1. Thc phm chc nng, thc phm v thuc. II- TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA THC PHM CHC NNG T vi thp k qua, thc phm chc nng pht trin nhanh chng trn ton th gii. Chng ta bit, s pht hin tc dng sinh nng lng v vai tr cc thnh phn dinh dng thit yu gip loi ngi tng bc hiu c cc b mt ca thc n v kim sot c nhiu bnh tt v vn sc kho lin quan. Thc phm cho n nay, con ngi mc d s dng chng hng ngy nhng vn cha hiu bit y v cc thnh phn cc cht dinh dng trong thc phm, v tc ng ca thc phm ti cc chc nng sinh l ca con ngi. Cc i danh y nh Hypocrates, Tu Tnh u quan nim thc n l thuc, thuc l thc n. Loi ngi ngy cng pht trin, m hnh bnh tt cng thay i cng vi s pht trin ca x hi loi ngi, c bit t gia th k XX n nay. Cng vi s gi ho dn s, tui th trung bnh tng, li sng thay i, cc bnh mn tnh lin quan n dinh dng v thc phm, li sng ngy cng tng. Vic chm sc, kim sot cc bnh t ra nhiu vn ln cho y hc, y t v phc li x hi. Ngi ta thy rng, ch n c vai tr quan trng trong vic phng nga v x l vi nhiu chng,

bnh mn tnh. l hng nghin cu v pht trin cho mt ngnh khoa hc mi, khoa hc thc phm chc nng. Th trng thc phm chc nng l mt trong nhng th trng thc phm tng trng nhanh nht. i vi nhiu quc gia, tng hn 10% hng nm. Ring M chim ti 1/3 th trng th gii (23.170 t USD). Chu u t 19.920 t, chu 6.150 t, chu c 850 t, chu Phi 370 t. Nht Bn t 10.360 t, Canada 1.820 t. Ton th gii t 65.060 t USD/nm. Hn Quc chim 11% th trng chu . Vic s dng thc phm bo v sc kho, phng bnh v tr bnh c khm ph t hng ngn nm trc cng nguyn Trung Quc, n v Vit Nam. Phng Ty, Hyphocrates tuyn b t 2500 nm trc y: Hy thc phm l thuc ca bn, thuc l thc phm ca bn. Ngi ng ng dng thuyt m - Dng v Ng hnh chn v ch bin thc phm. c tnh m miu t thc th vt cht nh cc cht dinh dng, ngc li, c tnh Dng miu t chc nng nh nng lng. Cc nh khoa hc ng y cng chia cc c tnh ca thc phm nh v, mu, cc c tnh ca kh hu, ma, hng v cc ni tng ca c th tng ng vi cc can ca Ng hnh (xem Bng 1 v 2). Bng 1. Mi quan h mu, v, kh hu, ma, hng v ng hnh CC CAN NG HNH MC HO TH KIM THU V Chua ng Ngt Cay Mn MU Xanh Vng Trng en KH HU Gi Nng m Kh Lnh MA Xun H H mun Thu ng HNG ng Nam Trung tm Ty Bc

Bng 2: Mi quan h cc tng c th v ng hnh CC CAN NG HNH MC HO TH KIM THU TNG C Gan Tim (tm) Lch (t) Phi (ph) Thn TNG RNG Ti mt Rut non D dy Rut gi Bng quang GIC QUAN Mt Li Ming Mi Tai CC M Gn Mch C Da, tc Xng TNH CM Gin Vui Yu Kh S

T cc mi quan h trn, nh hng cho vic sn xut, ch bin v s dng thc phm chc nng ni ring v thc phm ni chung. T bng trn ta thy: V chua thuc v Mc, s nhp vo gan, mt. V ng thuc Ho s nhp vo tm. V ngt thuc 8

Th, nhp vo t. V cay thuc Kim, nhp vo ph. V mn thuc Thu, nhp vo thn. V mu sc ca thc phm: mu xanh thuc Mc, nhp vo gan mt. Mu thuc Ho, nhp vo tm. Mu vng thuc Th, nhp vo t. Mu trng thuc Kim, nhp vo ph. Mu en thuc Thu, nhp vo thn. C th ni, l lun ng y pht trin nht trn th gii l Trung Quc, mt nc cng nghin cu nhiu nht v cc loi thc phm chc nng. Trung Quc sn xut, ch bin trn 10.000 loi thc phm chc nng. C nhng c s xut hng ho l thc phm chc nng ti trn 80 nc trn th gii, em li mt li nhun rt ln. Cc nc nghin cu nhiu tip theo l M, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Canada, Anh, c v nhiu nc chu , chu u khc. Do khoa hc cng ngh ch bin thc phm ngy cng pht trin, ngi ta cng c kh nng nghin cu v sn xut nhiu loi thc phm chc nng phc v cho cng vic ci thin sc kho, nng cao tui th, phng nga cc bnh mn tnh, tng cng chc nng sinh l ca cc c quan c th khi suy yu Bng cch b sung thm cc thnh phn c li hoc ly ra bt cc thnh phn bt li, ngi ta to ra nhiu loi thc phm chc nng theo nhng cng thc nht nh phc v cho mc ch ca con ngi. Nh c khoa hc cng ngh, con ngi ta khoa hc ho cc l lun v cng ngh ch bin thc phm chc nng. Cc dng thc phm chc nng hin nay rt phong ph. Phn ln dng sn phm l dng vin, v n thun li cho ng gi, lu thng v bo qun.

III- PHN LOI Hin nay cng c nhiu cch phn loi thc phm chc nng, tu theo bn cht, tc dng hoc ngun gc Sau y l cch phn loi theo bn cht cu to v tc dng ca thc phm chc nng: 1. Nhm thc phm chc nng b sung vitamin v khong cht: Loi ny rt pht trin M, Canada, cc nc chu u, Nht Bn nh vic b sung iode vo mui n, st vo gia v, vitamin A vo ng ht, vitamin vo nc gii kht, sa vic b sung ny nhiu nc tr thnh bt buc, c php lut ho gii quyt tnh trng nn i tim n v thiu vi cht dinh dng (thiu iode, thiu vitamin A, thiu st). V d: Nc tri cy vi cc mi khc nhau cung cp nhu cu vitamin C, vitamin E, -caroten rt pht trin Anh. Sa bt b sung acid Folic, vitamin, khong cht rt pht trin M, Anh, Nht Bn, H Lan, c, Php, , Braxin B sung iode vo mui n v mt s sn phm bnh ko c pht trin trn 100 nc.

B sung vitamin v khong cht vo cc loi nc tng lc c pht trin mnh m Thi Lan, Hn Quc, Nht Bn, Trung Quc. B sung DHA, EPA, -3 vo sa, thc n cho tr 2. Nhm thc phm chc nng dng vin y l nhm phong ph v a dng nht. Tu theo nh sn xut, c cc dng vin nang, vin nn, vin si, cha cc hot cht sinh hc, vitamin v khong cht. V d: Vin C si. Vin tng lc. Vin phng long xng (c nhiu canxi). Vin phng thoi ho khp. Cc loi thc phm chc nng chng xy ho do cc vin c cha hot cht sinh hc t tho dc Thc phm chc nng chng ung th. Thc phm chc nng phng nga, h tr iu tr cc bnh cao huyt p, bnh tim mch, tiu ng, ri lon thn kinh v cc chng, bnh mn tnh khc. 3. Nhm thc phm chc nng khng bo, khng ng, gim nng lng Hay gp l: Nhm tr tho dc: c sn xut, ch bin h tr gim cn, gim bo, phng chng ri lon mt s chc nng sinh l thn kinh, tiu ho, tng cng sc lc v sc khng (v d: tr gim bo, tr sm) cc loi thc phm ny dnh cho ngi mun gim cn, bnh tiu ng 4. Nhm cc loi nc gii kht, tng lc c sn xut, ch bin b sung nng lng, vitamin, khong cht cho c th khi vn ng th lc, th dc th thao 5. Nhm thc phm giu cht x tiu ho Cht x l cc polysaccharide khng phi l tinh bt, l b khung, gi ca cc m, t bo thc vt v c sc chng vi cc men tiu ho ca ngi. Cht x c tc dng lm nhun trng, tng khi lng phn do chng c to bn, nga c ung th i trng. Ngi ta theo ri thy, khi lng phn nh hn 100g mi ngy d lm tng nguy c ung th i trng. Do cn c khi lng phn ln hn 132g mi ngy. iu cn lng cht x cn thit l 17,9 g/ngy. Ngoi ra cht x cn c vai tr i vi chuyn ho cholesterol, phng nga nguy c suy vnh, si mt, tng cm gic no, gim bt cm gic i do h tr vic gim cn, gim bo ph, h tr gim i ng.

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Nhiu loi thc phm giu cht x c sn xut, ch bin nh cc loi nc x, vin x, ko x 6. Nhm cc cht tng cng chc nng ng rut bao gm x tiu ho sinh hc (Probiotics) v tin sinh hc (Prebiotics) i vi h vi khun cng sinh rut gi + Cc vi khun cng sinh (Probiotics) l cc vi khun sng trong c th, nh hng c li cho vt ch nh ci thin h vi khun ni sinh. Cc vi khun ny kch thch chc phn min dch bo v ca c th. Cc thc phm chc nng loi ny thng c ch bin t cc sn phm ca sa, to s cn bng vi sinh trong ng rut. V d: Lactobacillus casein l 1 loi vi khun gram (+), khng gy bnh, s dng rng ri trong ch bin sa v thy ci thin min dch t bo ca c th. Ngi ta thy vi khun ny c ch phng cc d ng do IgE trung gian. Ngi ta cng nhn thy Bifidobacteria c hot tnh tng cng min dch v kh nng to phn bo cao. + Cc Prebiotics: L cc cht nh Oligosaccharide nh hng tt n vi khun rut lm cn bng mi trng vi sinh v ci thin sc kho. Cc thc phm chc nng loi ny cung cp cc thnh phn thc phm khng tiu ho, n tc ng c li cho c th bng cch kch thch s tng trng hay hot ng ca mt s vi khun ng rut, ngha l to iu kin cho vi khun c li pht trin, gip ci thin sc kho. + Synbiotics: L do s kt hp Probiotics v Prebiotics to thnh. Synbiotics kt hp tc dng ca vi khun mi v kch thch vi khun ca chnh c th. 7. Nhm thc phm chc nng c bit Thc n cho ph n c thai. Thc n cho ngi cao tui. Thc n cho tr n dm. Thc n cho vn ng vin, phi hnh gia. Thc n qua ng thng d dy. Thc n cho ngi c ri lon chuyn ho bm sinh: ngi b Phenylketonuri, Galactosemie Thc n cho ngi i ng. Thc n cho ngi cao huyt p. Thc n thin nhin: ti, tr xanh, cc cht sinh hc thc vt Ngoi cch phn loi nh trn, mt s nc cn c cc cch phn loi khc nhau. V d Nht Bn, bng phn loi h thng FOSHU (Food for Specific Health Use) nh sau:

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Bng 3. H thng phn loi FOSHU Tuyn b v sc kho Yu t chc nng Prebiotics: oligosaccharides, rafftinose, lactulose, arabinose. Probiotics: lactocillus, bifidobacterium. m u nnh, alginate, chitosan, sitosterol ester S sn phm Loi thc phm trn th trng Nc gii kht, yaourt, bnh biscuit, ng vin, u nnh ng, dm, chocolate, soup bt, sa ln men, miso soup, ng cc Nc gii kht, tht vin, xc xch, sa u nnh, bnh biscuit, magarin. Nc gii kht, soup, acid lactic, nc ung ln men, u nnh.

Thc phm ci thin ng tiu ho

336

Thc phm cho ngi c cholesterol mu cao Thc phm cho ngi c huyt p cao Thc phm cho ngi c triacyglycerol huyt thanh cao Thc phm lin quan hp th v chuyn ch khong cht

28

Chui acid amin

42

Diaglycerol v sitosterol

Du n

Casein, calcium citrate isoflavone

17

Nc gii kht, u nnh ln men (natto), mt.

Thc phm Non- Manitol, polyphenols, caloriogenic paltinose, xylytol Thc phm cho nhng ngi quan tm n ng huyt Bt m albumin, tiu ho globin, polyphenol

Chocolate, chewing gum.

Ko, soup, nc gii kht.

IV- QUN L THC PHM CHC NNG 1. Quan im chung C mt s nh kinh doanh c hi li dng lng tin ca ngi tiu dng nn qung co qu ng chc nng ca thc phm chc nng. Bi vy, Hi ngh quc t v thc phm chc nng khuyn co: Cn c mt h thng lut php kim sot vic sn xut, kinh doanh thc phm chc nng. Nhng quan im thng nht chung l:

12

Thc phm chc nng phi l thc phm, ngha l cn phn bit r gia thuc v thc phm chc nng, nht l cc thc phm chc nng nhm b sung vitamin, khong cht v hot cht sinh hc. Phi an ton: cc thc phm chc nng s dng lu di, c tnh truyn thng c c kt l hon ton khng c hi. i vi thc phm chc nng mi, c thnh phn mi, an ton phi c chng minh trn c s khoa hc. Khng chp nhn vic cng b kh nng cha tr bnh ca thc phm chc nng, mc d mt s nc cng nhn kh nng . Mi cng b v thc phm chc nng phi trung thc, r rng, trnh nhm ln. Cc cng b v tc dng ca cc chc nng ca thc phm chc nng v cc thnh phn ca n c xc nhn v cng nhn rng ri, phi c c quan qun l tha nhn v c xc nhn trn nhn. 2. Qun l thc phm chc nng Vit Nam Do vn Thc phm chc nng Vit Nam cn rt mi, mi c v tn gi, hnh thc, phng thc, mi c v qun l. V vy, mi t nm 2000 n 2004 c 3 vn bn thay th nhau ca B Y t qun l thc phm chc nng: Thng t s 17/2000/TT-BYT ngy 27/9/2000 v vic Hng dn ng k cc sn phm di dng thuc thc phm. Thng t s 20/2001/TT-BYT ngy 11/9/2001 Hng dn qun l cc sn phm thuc thc phm Thng t s 08/2004/TT-BYT ngy 23/8/2004 Hng dn vic qun l cc sn phm thc phm chc nng. Ni dung ch yu ca Thng t s 08 nh sau: 2.1. iu kin xc nh l thc phm chc nng: Nhng sn phm thc phm c b sung cc cht dinh dng nh vitamin, mui khong v cc cht c hot tnh sinh hc nu c Nh sn xut cng b sn phm l thc phm chc nng; c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ca nc sn xut hoc nc cho php lu hnh chng nhn ph hp vi php lut v thc phm v c cc iu kin sau th c coi l thc phm chc nng: 1) i vi thc phm b sung vi cht dinh dng: Nu lng vi cht a vo c th hng ngy theo hng dn s dng ghi trn nhn ca sn phm c t nht 1 vitamin hoc mui khong cao hn 3 ln gi tr ca Bng khuyn ngh nhu cu dinh dng RNI 2002 (Recommended Nutrient Intakes), ban hnh km theo Thng t ny, th phi c giy chng nhn ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn ca nc sn xut hoc nc cho php lu hnh xc nhn tnh an ton ca sn phm v phi ghi r trn nhn hoc nhn

13

ph sn phm (i vi sn phm nhp khu) mc p ng RNI ca cc vi cht dinh dng c b sung; 2) i vi thc phm chc nng c cha hot cht sinh hc: Nu cng b sn phm c tc dng h tr chc nng trong c th ngi, tng sc khng v gim bt nguy c bnh tt th phi c bo co th nghim lm sng v tc dng ca sn phm hoc ti liu chng minh v tc dng ca thnh phn ca sn phm c chc nng hoc giy chng nhn ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn ca nc sn xut hoc nc cho php lu hnh c ni dung xc nhn cng dng ca sn phm ghi trn nhn. 3) Ni dung ghi nhn ca thc phm chc nng phi p ng cc iu kin theo quy nh ca php lut v nhn v cc iu kin sau: a/ Ni dung hng dn s dng cho nhng sn phm c mc ch s dng c bit cn phi ghi: Tn ca nhm sn phm (thc phm b sung, thc phm bo v sc kho, thc phm chc nng, thc phm n king, thc phm dinh dng y hc), i tng s dng, cng dng sn phm, liu lng, chng ch nh, cc lu c bit hoc tc dng ph ca sn phm (nu c); b/ i vi thc phm cha hot cht sinh hc, trn nhn hoc nhn ph bt buc phi ghi dng ch Thc phm ny khng phi l thuc, khng c tc dng thay th thuc cha bnh; c/ Trn nhn sn phm thc phm chc nng khng c ghi ch nh iu tr bt k mt bnh c th no hoc sn phm c tc dng thay th thuc cha bnh. 4) i vi nhng sn phm c cha vitamin v mui khong cha c cp trong Bng khuyn ngh v nhu cu dinh dng quy nh ti Khon 1 ca Mc ny, sn phm c sn xut trong nc nhng cha r l thc phm hay thuc, sn phm c cha cc cht c hot tnh sinh hc cha ti liu chng minh tnh an ton v tc dng ca hot cht , Cc An ton v sinh thc phm c trch nhim ch tr v phi hp vi Cc qun l Dc Vit Nam v V Y hc c truyn - B Y t xem xt phn loi v thng nht qun l. 2.2. Qun l i vi thc phm chc nng 1) Thc phm chc nng c cc iu kin quy nh ti Mc II ca Thng t ny s c qun l v thc hin theo cc quy nh ca php lut v thc phm. Cc sn phm ny phi c cng b tiu chun v sinh an ton thc phm ti Cc An ton v sinh thc phm - B Y t theo ng qui nh ca php lut v thc phm trc khi lu hnh trn th trng. 2) Vic thng tin, qung co, ghi nhn sn phm c coi l thc phm chc nng phi c thc hin theo qui nh ca php lut v thng tin, qung co, ghi nhn v phi bo m trung thc, chnh xc, r rng khng gy thit hi cho ngi sn xut, kinh doanh v ngi tiu dng. 14

2.3. T chc thc hin 1) Cc An ton v sinh thc phm - B Y t c trch nhim t chc trin khai, ch o, kim tra, thanh tra v gim st vic thc hin Thng t ny. 2) S Y t cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng, Y t cc ngnh c trch nhim t chc thc hin, ch o, thanh tra, kim tra v gim st cc n v sn xut, kinh doanh thc phm chc nng trong qu trnh thc hin cc qui nh ca Thng t ny. 3) Cc n v sn xut, kinh doanh thc phm chc nng c trch nhim thc hin cc qui nh ca Thng t ny.

15

Ph lc BNG KHUYN NGH NHU CU DINH DNG RNI-2002 (Recommene Nutrient Inntakes) (Ban hnh km theo Thng t s 08 ngy 23/8/2004 ca B Trng B Y t) 1. Nhm Vitamin: Vitamin tan trong du Vit. A Vit. E (f) (g) ((gRE/ ((g/ ngy) (mg ( ((g/ ngy) 5 (m) 10 15 20 25 35-65 35-55 65 55 55 65 7,5 i 5 5 i 55 55 55 45 45 45 45 45 55 70 (e) 40 1,1 1,2 1,1 1,1 1,2 10 1,1 1,4 1,5 850 40 1,2 35 0,9 0,9 1,3 1,0 1,3 1,1 1,1 1,3 1,1 1,4 1,6 30 0,6 0,6 30 0,5 0,5 6 8 12 16 16 16 14 14 16 14 18 17 30 0,3 4 0,4 ngy) 25 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,6 1 1,3 1,2 (19-50) 1,7 (511,3 1,5 1,7 1,5 1,9 2 ngy) ngy) 375 5 5 2,7 (i) 5 (k) 5 (k) 7 (k) 10 7,5 10 7,5 7,5 5 5 5 5 5 5 (19-50) 10 (51 65) 5 10 15 15 400 400 450 500 400 600 600 500 500 600 600 800 TE/ngy) 2,7 (i) (l) (mg/ (mg/ Vit. D (h) Vit. K (d) Vit. C Vit. B1

Phn loi

La tui (nm)

Tr em < 1 tui

0-6 thng

Vitamin tan trong nc Pantothe Folate Vit. B2 Niacin Vit. B6 nate Biotin (c) Vit. B12 (mg/ (a) (mg (mg/ (mg/ngy ((g/ ngy) ((gDFE/ ((g/ ngy) ngy) NE/ngy) ngy) ) ngy) 0,3 0,1 5 0,4 2 (b) 1,7 80 1,8 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 6 8 12 20 25 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 35 80 160 200 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 600 0,5 0,9 1,2 1,8 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,8

7-11 thng

1-3 tui

16

Tr em

4-6 tui

7-9 tui

Nam thiu nin

10-18 tui

N thiu nin

10-18 tui

19-65 tui (nam)

Ngi trng

19-50 tui hnh kinh

thnh

(n) 51-65 tui mn kinh

(n)

Ngi cao tui

> 65 tui (nam)

> 65 tui (n)

Ph n c thai

Ph n cho con

Ghi ch: Vitamin Niacin: (a) NE: Tnh theo ng lng Niacin. T l chuyn i l 60 tryptophan ( 1 niacin (b) Niacin c to thnh trc. Folate: (c) DFE: Tnh theo Folate khu phn; s (g Folate cung cp = [s (g Folate thc phm + (1,7 x s (g acid folic tng hp)]. Vitamin C: (d) RNI 45mg cho ngi trng thnh (nam v n) v 55mg cho b m c thai. Nu hm lng Vitamin C cao hn s lm tng hp th st. (e) B sung thm 25mg l cn thit cho b m cho con b. Vitamin A: (f) Gi tr Vitamin A l lng n khuyn co an ton thay th cho RNI. Mc n ny c xy dng phng trnh du hiu bnh l ca s thiu vitamin A, cho php pht trin bnh thng, nhng khng s dng trong cc giai on di b nhim trng hay cc bnh khc. (g) Lng n khuyn co an ton tnh theo (g RE/ngy; 1 (g retinol = 1 (g RE; 1 (g (caroten = 0,167 (g RE; 1 (g carotenoids khc = 0,084 (g RE. Vitamin E: (h) Cc s liu khng xy dng lng n khuyn co bi vy phi thay th lng n vo chp nhn c. Gi tr ny l c tnh st nht v nhu cu, da trn lng n vo chp nhn c hin hnh cung cp cc chc nng bit n ca loi vitamin ny. (i) Khng c bt c s khc nhau v nhu cu vitamin E gia b m c thai v cho con b vi nhm ngi trng thnh. Tng nng lng n vo i vi vi b m c thai v cho con b p ng cho vic tng nhu cu nng lng cho s pht trin ca tr v tng hp sa. Cc sn phm thay th sa m khng c cha t hn 0,3 mg ( tocophenol qui i (TE)/100ml sa pha v khng ln hn 0,4 mg TE/g PUFA. Lng vitamin E trong sa m gn nh khng i mc 2,7 mg trong 850ml sa. (k) Cc gi tr da trn s cn i vi lng n vo chp nhn c cho ngi trng thnh. Vitamin K: (l) RNI cho mi nhm tui da trn lng phylloquinone n vo hng ngy l 1 (g/kg/ngy. y l ngun vitamin K ch yu trong thc n. (m) Hm lng ny dng cho tr hon ton nui bng sa m l khng . phng trnh chy mu v thiu ht vitamin K, tt c tr nui bng sa m nn nhn b sung vitamin K khi sinh tu theo khuyn co ca quc gia.

17

Ph lc (Tip theo) BNG KHUYN NGH NHU CU DINH DNG RNI-2002 (Recommene Nutrient Inntakes) (Ban hnh km theo Thng t s 08 ngy 23/8/2004 ca B Trng B Y t) 2. Nhm mui khong:
La tui 0-6 thng 7-11 thng Canxi (c) (mg/ngy) 300 (a) 400 (b) 400 Photpho (mg/ngy) 0-5 thng: 300 6-12 thng: 500 1-3 tui 4-6 tui 7-9 tui 10-18 tui (nam) 10-18 tui (n) 10 14 15 18 19-65 tui (nam) 19-65 tui (n) 19-50 tui hnh kinh (n) 50-65 tui mn kinh (n) > 65 tui (nam) > 65 tui (n) Ph n c thai Ph n cho con b 1.300 1.300 1.200 1.000 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 230 190 220 270 14 11 (n) 48 4,2-14 3,0-9,8 3,4-20 4,3-19 130 110 200 200 34 26 28-30 35-42 1.300 11 110 1.000 1.000 25-51T: 800 25-51T: 800 1.200 260 220 29 500 600 700 1.300 (d) 1.300 (d) 800 800 7-10 tui: 800 11-24 nam: 1200 11-24 n: 1.200 230 60 73 100 250 6 6 9 15 (10-14 tui) 19 (15-18 tui) 14 (10-14 tui) (m) 33 (10-14 tui) 31 (15-18 tui) 14 4,2-14 3,0-9,8 110 130 34 26 4,6-15,5 Magi (mg/ngy) 26 (a) 36 (b) 53 9 (l) St (mg/ngy) (k) Km (mg/ngy) 1,1(e)6,6(g) 0,8(e)8,3(h) 2,4-8,4 3,1-10,3 3,3-11,3 5,7-19,2 75 110 100 135 (10-11 tui) 110 (12-18 tui) 140 (10-11 tui) 100 (12-18 tui) 26 17 21 21 34 It (o) (g/ngy) 30(p) (g/kg/ngy 15(p) (g/kg/ngy 135 10 Selen (g/ngy) 6

Ghi ch: Mui khong (a) Cho tr nui bng sa m (b) Cho tr nui b. Canxi: (c) S liu s dng xy dng RNIs cho canxi c ly t cc nc pht trin. Do vn c s tranh lun v s ph hp ca n khi p dng cho cc nc ang pht trin. 18

Lu ny cng ng cho hu ht cc cht dinh dng nhng cn c trn s hiu bit hin nay, nh hng ca canxi c v l r rt nht. (d) c bit l trong giai on pht trin nhanh. Km: (e) Ch cho tr nui bng sa m (f) Dng cho tr nui b v kh nng sinh dng km mc trung bnh. (g) Dng cho tr nui b, kh nng sinh dng km thp v tr n sa lm t ng cc giu phytate v m thc vt. (h) Khng p dng cho tr ch b sa m. St: (i) S hp th st tng mt cch ng k khi mi ba n c cha t nht l 25mg vitamin C v mi ngy tr n 3 ba. iu ny c bit ng nu trong khu phn n c cha cc cht c ch hp th st nh tanin hoc phylate. (k) D tr st ca tr s sinh l tho mn yu cu v st trong 6 thng u tin cho tr sinh thng. Tr sinh thiu thng, thiu cn cn b sung thm st. (l) Trong giai on ny kh nng sinh dng st c trong khu phn bin i nhiu. (m) Cho n thiu nin cha hnh kinh. (n) Ph thuc v tnh trng d tr st nn b sung vin st cho ph n t khi c thai n sau khi 1 thng: 60mg st nguyn t/ngy + acid Folic. Nu thiu mu liu iu tr cao hn. It: (o) S liu tnh trn 01kg trng lng c th thng c dng nhiu hn v s liu ny nh sau: Tr sinh thiu thng: 30 mcg/kg/ngy Tr t 01-12 thng tui: 19 mcg/kg/ngy Tr t 1-6 tui: 6 mcg/kg/ngy Tr t 7-11 tui: 4 mcg/kg/ngy Ph n c thai v cho con b: 3,5 mcg/kg/ngy (p) RNIs tnh theo mcg/kg/ngy do th trng thay i nhiu la tui ny. TI LIU THAM KHO 1. H Huy Khi: - Dinh dng trong thi k chuyn tip. - NXB Y hc, H Ni (2001). 2. Rober Froid M.: Functional Food: A challenger for the future of the 21st century. Abstracts. 17th international congress of Nutrition, August 27-31, 2001, Vienna, Austria.

19

3. Cherl Ho Lee: Functional Food of interest to ASEAN: from traditional experience to modern production and trading (2003). 4. J.A. Milner: - Functional Food and health promotion - Nutrition org. (129) 7. 5. Patricia Fox: - Functional Foods: Management through regulation - ANZFA (2002). 6. Thng t s 08/2004/TT-BYT ca B Y t ngy 23/8/2004. Hng dn qun l cc sn phm thc phm chc nng.

20

THC PHM CHC NNG: T QUAN NIM N THC TIN TI VIT NAM
PGS.TS. TRN MINH TM v NB. TRNG PHT Hin nay, trn th trng, chng ta thng gp mt s sn phm c tn gi l thc phm chc nng. Tuy nhin, hiu th no cho ng l thc phm chc nng (TPCN), vai tr tc dng ca TPCN ra sao, th rt nhiu ngi tiu dng cn cha r; v cng khng t nh sn xut, kinh doanh a ra tiu th trn th trng nhng TPCN c thi ln nh l thn dc cha c th bnh, k c nhng bnh nan y. Cng c mt s doanh nghip lm dng nhng chiu truyn thng theo kiu lp l nh la ngi tiu dng, hoc s dng cc hnh thc kinh doanh truyn tiu, bn hng a cp vi gi trn tri, trc li trn s thiu thng tin v hiu bit ca ngi tiu dng. Tt c nhng hin tng con su lm ru ni canh khin cho ngi tiu dng bt u tr nn cnh gic, hoc mt thin cm vi cc loi TPCN trong khi nhng sn phm ny c coi l xu th thi i bi chng p ng mt phn kh quan trng nhu cu v bo v v chm sc sc kho ca ngi tiu dng. Chng ta cn c quan nim ng n v tc dng ca TPCN, mt s phn bit r rng nh th no l thc phm truyn thng, thc phm dinh dng, thuc thc phm vi thc phm chc nng l ht sc cn thit. iu ny s gip ngi tiu dng c s la chn ng n khi c nhu cu s dng. Gip nhng nh nghin cu, nh sn xut v kinh doanh TPCN chn chnh pht trin c nhng sn phm c li cho sc kho cng ng . Thc phm l tt c nhng n, thc ung dng ti sng hoc qua s ch, ch bin hon chnh v ngay c nhng vt liu dng trong ch bin c a vo c th con ngi nhm duy tr dinh dng cung cp nng lng duy tr mi hot ng v pht trin c th. Thc phm c hp thu qua ng tiu ho, hp thu ch yu rut non v phn gii rut gi v c thi ra ngoi qua phn. Chng ta c th gia gim v s lng trong khu phn thc n hng ngy m khng gy nh hng c hi. Thc phm, ngoi vic em li gi tr dinh dng th gi tr cm quan cng ng mt vai tr quan trng c th hin qua k thut ch bin v cch trnh by cc mn n. Hin ti di con mt ca ngi tiu dng cn tn ti mt khi nim ln ln gia thuc dinh dng hoc thuc thc phm v thc phm chc nng.

21

Thuc dinh dng (nutraceutical) khc thc phm ch - Thuc c th c sn xut, iu ch t thc phm, nhng cng c th c iu ch t bt k hp cht no khc. Thuc thng c bn nhiu dng khc nhau nh: dng vin, dng bt, vin nn con nhng, v thng l nhng hp cht c c c v tinh ch. Ngoi vic hp thu qua ng tiu ho, chng cn c truyn trc tip vo mu hoc bi trn da. V vy dng thuc cn tun th theo liu lng v ch dn ca thy thuc. C rt nhiu khi nim khc nhau v thc phm c lin quan n dinh dng v y hc. Trong c cu ba n hng ngy hin nay ang c s chuyn tip t ch n ch yu da vo lng thc go, ng, khoai, rau, ngun dinh dng ch yu l tinh bt, chuyn sang n nhiu tht, c, trng, sa, nhiu ng, bnh ko, hoc nhng thc n ch bin sn. S thiu dinh dng hoc dinh dng khng hp l c th gy ra nhiu bt li cho sc kho v v vy th trng thc phm chc nng bt u pht trin mnh dn ln c th b p phn no cho nhu cu v sc kho v c d on s chim khong 25% tng sn lng cc loi sn phm thc phm trong thp nin ny. Tm li tuy c nhng nh ngha v khi nim khc nhau, nhng u thng nht rng thc phm chc nng c xem l thc phm c dng trong ba n hng ngy v khng l dng c c nh thuc dinh dng. Theo nh ngha ca C quan Sc kho Canada: Thc phm chc nng l thc phm tng t nh cc loi thc phm khc, chng c tiu th nh mt phn ca ba n, v c chng minh l ngoi vic em li gi tr dinh dng, chng cn c mt s li ch v sc kho hoc gim nguy c mc bnh mn tnh khc. Theo nh ngha ca B Sc kho v Phc li X hi Nht Bn th thc phm chc nng l cc loi thc phm: - c cho l c li cho sc kho nh vo mt s thnh phn c trong chng. - L cc loi thc phm loi i cc cht gy d ng. Vic thm vo hay bt i mt s cht no phi c nh gi v cho php trc khi tiu th. - Khng gy ra bnh tt v m bo hp v sinh. - Trc khi sn xut v trc khi s dng phi c th nghim tc dng trn lm sng B Nng nghip, Ng nghip v Thc phm (MAFF) ca Anh cng a ra mt nh ngha cho thc phm chc nng: L thc phm m ngoi li ch dinh dng n thun cn cha mt thnh phn c kh nng em li cc li ch v mt sc kho hay sinh l. nh ngha ny nhm gip phn bit thc phm chc nng v cc sn phm c b sung vitamin v khong cht v li ch dinh dng. 22

 Nht, thc phm chc nng ngay t nhng nm 1980 c ch v ngy cng tng nhanh chng. n nm 1991, B Y t v Phc li X hi thm vo nh ngha thc phm chc nng l thc phm dng cho mc ch sc kho ring bit (Food For Specified Health Use FOSHU) ng thi cng b sung nhng qui nh php lut c th v sn phm thc phm ny. Vit Nam, ti Thng t s 08/2004/TT-BYT ca B Y t ban hnh ngy 23/08/2004 (v qun l cc sn phm TPCN) cng nh ngha rt r v TPCN v quy nh rng tu theo cng dng, hm lng vi cht b sung m TPCN cn c 4 tn gi khc l: (1) Thc phm b sung vi cht dinh dng (2) Thc phm b sung (3) Thc phm bo v sc kho (4) Sn phm dinh dng Y hc Hin ti c mt s nh khoa hc, nghin cu kt hp vi cc nh sn xut, kinh doanh a ra th trng nhng sn phm TPCN nhm b p phn no nhu cu v sc kho, khc phc nhng bt li v sc kho do tnh trng thiu dinh dng hoc dinh dng khng hp l ca cng ng - khng ch n thun l s nhy bn trong kinh doanh, m nay tr thnh mt xu th dinh dng ca tng lai. Ngnh cng nghip TPCN v ang pht trin mnh dn ln v c d on s chim khong 25% tng sn lng cc loi sn phm thc phm trong thp nin ny. Hin nay, th trng quan trng v ln nht v lnh vc thc phm chc nng l M vi 12,7 t USD/nm. iu ny cho thy, hin ti, ngi tiu dng ngy cng mun ch ng kim sot c sc kho ca mnh; v nh vy, TPCN cng s phi t n mt chun mc th trng mi tt hn v minh bch hn so vi hin ti Trc y, cc qui nh ca php lut t c cc cng ty tun th nghim ngt v thng cho rng nhng qui nh l s cn tr i vi vic pht trin sn phm v tng trng kinh t. Cn khng t ngi tiu dng i lc ch nhn thy nhng li ch trc mt ca mt vi sn phm no m cng ph nhn nhng qui nh ca php lut. Cc c quan chc nng th gp kh nhiu kh khn trong vic tm hiu ti sao m cc nh sn xut a ra nhng sn phm mi tin tin khng a vic cn xc nh r thnh phn c trong cc sn phm v kt qu th nghim ca chng trn lm sng(?).

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Ti Vit Nam, c tranh lun kh cng thng xy ra trong nhng nm qua v s hiu bit, v nhn thc, c th hn l v tc dng ca nhng sn phm c gi l TPCN gia cc C quan Qun l Nh nc, Qun l Cht lng vi cc nh sn xut, kinh doanh v phn phi Hin nay nhng kha cnh c bn v TPCN cng c thng nht bng nhng qui nh c th, v tr ca TPCN trong vic tng cng sc kho, phng nga v h tr iu tr bnh mc nht nh cng c xc nh ng Tuy nhin, TPCN khng phi l hon ton v hi (theo tr li phng vn Bo Thanh nin ca Th trng Cao Minh Quang ngy 18/09/07). B Y t ang c k hoch kim tra vic nhp khu, sn xut, kinh doanh, qung co TPCN trn a bn cc Tnh - Thnh ph ln; trong c bit ch n qung co v bn hng a cp TPCN (ph hp vi Cc qun l Cnh tranh B Thng mi); ng thi tip tc sa i cc quy nh c lin quan qun l cht ch, theo st tnh hnh pht trin ca TPCN trn th trng. T nhng iu trnh by trn, chng ta thy: iu ng quan tm y l cn c mt T chc x hi-ngh nghip tp hp nhng Doanh nghip, Doanh nhn sn xut, kinh doanh v phn phi TPCN ti Vit Nam, nhm mc ch : + Gp phn tham mu, t vn cho C quan qun l Nh nc v chnh sch v qun l tt lnh vc TPCN, to iu kin thun li cho nhng Doanh nhn chn chnh. + Gp phn tham mu, t vn cho nhng ngi sn xut kinh doanh nng cao gi tr cht lng cc sn phm TPCN - Pht trin th trng trong nc v xut khu. + Gp phn bo v, hng dn ngi tiu dng s dng TPCN mt cch ng n, khoa hc v c li ch ti a . + L i din bo v li ch chnh ng, hp php ca cc hi vin, ca ngi tiu dng v ca Nh nc.

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HNG DN CHN LA V S DNG THC PHM CHC NNG

TS. BS. NGUYN TH MINH KIU Tm tt ni dung trnh by Thc phm chc nng khng bn theo k toa, ngi s dng c th mua bt c lc no qua t vn ca ngi bn sn phm hoc qua kinh nghim chia s ca ngi s dng sn phm. V vy, mt s thng tin gip ngi s dng t nh gi, chn la thc phm chc nng cho ph hp, hiu qu v an ton l iu cn thit. Di y l 10 cu hi gi gip ngi s dng t xem xt trc khi quyt nh mua mt loi thc phm chc nng no : 1. Thnh phn mang li hiu qu chc nng l thnh phn g? Thnh phn ny c sn t nhin trong thc phm hay do b sung vo? 2. Nh sn xut xc nhn v hiu qu li ch ca sn phm nh th no? C nghin cu khoa hc no h tr cho s xc nhn li ch ny khng? Hoc c nghin cu no mu thun vi s xc nhn ny? 3. Nh sn xut c phi l mt cng ty c ting tm tt, ng tin cy khng? Trc y bn c tng mua v s dng sn phm t cng ty ny khng? 4. c trn nhn bn c th bit c hm lng cc thnh phn trong thc phm l bao nhiu khng? 5. Thnh phn b sung vo thc phm c qu cao hay qu thp khng? Bn hy tm hiu mc khuyn co nhu cu hng ngy v mc ti a cho php v thnh phn ny, v p dng bit rng bn nn dng bao nhiu ln l (dng mt mnh hay c kt hp vi cc loi thc phm khc). 6. C nhng thc phm no nh hng n s hp thu thnh phn chc nng ny khng? Thnh phn ny c gy tng tc thuc-thc phm bt li cho sc kho ca bn hay khng? 7. Thnh phn chc nng b sung vo thc phm di dng sinh hc no? N c di dng d hp thu hay d chuyn ho khng? 8. c im dinh dng ca thc phm chc nng c ph hp vi mc tiu sc kho m bn mong mun khng? Th d: Thc phm mang li bao nhiu calori t cht bo, cht ng? 9. Hy so snh gi c ca thc phm chc nng vi thc phm thng thng, gi c tng xng vi thnh phnchc nng mang li li ch cho bn khng?

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10. Cch thc ch bin thc phm (nng, lnh) hay cch bo qun c nh hng n hiu qu chc nng ca thc phm khng?

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