CC CHT TAO VJ

I. nh ngha: L cc ph gia lm cho thc phm

huong v| hay mi c th no d v c th duc to ra
t cc cht t nhin hay nhn to.
1. Cc acid amin.
a. L-lysine: duoc b sung vao banh mi trng, gao sy n
lin
- Cng thc phn tu: C
6
H
14
N
2
O
2
(M 146.19) .
- Dim dng din: pH 9.59 .
- Cc gi tr| pKa: 2.20, 8.90, 10.28.
Lysin v cc vitamin cn thit cho tre bing n-
chm ln, gip hp thu Calci, to Collagen d gip
qu trnh to m lin kt cua da, xuong, thc dy v
pht trin chiu cao, kch thch n ngon.
- Thiu Lysin s lm giam qu trnh tng hp
Protein gy ra tre gy, yu, teo nho co,.
CC CHT TAO VJ
-Co th li khng t tng hp duc Lysin, ngun
Lysin hon ton phai dua t bn ngoi vo qua
dung thc n v cc loi thuc c cha Lysin.
- Cc thc phm cha Lysin.
CC CHT TAO VJ
-. Methionine
CC CHT TAO VJ
- Cng thc phn tu: C
5
H
11
NO
2
S (M 149.21)
- Dim dng din: pH 5.74
- Cng thc cu to:
- Dng d to v| ngt cua th|t trong mt s san
phm.
- Methionin tng cung tng hp gluthation v
duc su dng thay th cho acetylcystein d diu tr|
ng dc paracetamol d phng tn thuong gan.
- O nhng ngui bnh d b| suy gan, methionin c
th lm cho tn thuong gan n}ng thm. Cn thn
trng khi dng methionin cho ngui bnh b| bnh
gan n}ng.
- Trnh nh sng, bao quan o nhit d t 5 - 25 0C.
CC CHT TAO VJ
.. 1aurine:
- Cng thc phn tu: C
2
H
7
NO
3
S
- Cng thc cu to:
- Tan trong nuc, khng tan ethanol, ethyl ether
and acetone
CC CHT TAO VJ
` Vai tr:
- C vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh chuyn
ha h thn kinh, d}c bit l vng mc mt.
- Tham gia vo qu trnh hp thu cht bo.
- Kch thch tng truong cc m co th.
` Ngun gc:
- Taurin c hm lung cao trong th|t, c v
sa m, cn hm lung thp trong rau, qua v
cc loi ht.
- Co th c th tng hp duc Taurin ti gan
t axit amin Methionin v Cystein
- O tre so sinh, nh cn, cn thit b sung Taurin v
h men gan chua hon thin nn kha nng t tng
hp Taurin cua co th b| gii hn.
- Taurin cn duc b sung vo sa cho tre nho vi
hm lung tuong duong nhu trong sa m.
CC CHT TAO VJ
Cc acid amin duc chp nhn cho vo
thc phm
L-Alanine
L-Arginine
L-Asparagine
L-Aspartic acid
L-Cysteine
L-Cystine
L-Glutamic acid
L-Glutamine
Glycine
L-Histidine
L-Isoleucine
L-Leucine
L-Lysine
L-Methionine
L-Phenylalanine
L-Proline
L-Serine
L-Threonine
L-Tryptophan
L-Tyrosine
L-Valine
CC CHT TAO VJ
2. Cc cht v| ngt.
a. Cht ngt t nhin:
L cht ngt dinh dung khng dc hi, liu
lung su dng khng hn ch; tr nhng
ngui b| tiu dung v bo ph.
- Thung l dng dung ct tinh luyn saccaroza
loi RE v RS, dung thng, dung nha
(Maltose), dung ma (Fructose), latose, mt ong,
sorbitol, manitol.d san xut bnh, ko.
-. Cht ngt nhn to: Thung su dng cho ngui n
king. Duc su dng trong thc phm do cc d}c tnh:
- Cung d ngt rt cao (3000 ln saccharose)
- Bn nhit
- Bn acid
- It tham gia phan ng lm bin di thnh phn thc
phm
- Yu t gi ca
CC CHT TAO VJ
Cht ngt D ngt
Acesulfame Kali
Alitame
Aspartame
Cyclamate
1,1 Diaminoalkan
L-Sucrose
Saccharin
Sucralose
Thaumatin (Thalin)
200
2000
180
30
300-1000
1
300
600
2000-3000
CC CHT TAO VJ
Sa..harin.
- Dng bt kt tinh trng
- Cng thc phn tu C
7
H
5
NO
3
S.
- Khi lung phn tu 183,18.
- Dng trong ch bin nuc giai kht, nuc chm.
- Ngt gp 300 ln saccharose
- C hu v| dng v mi kim loi
- C th thay th ti da 25 saccharose.
- Cng thc cu to:
CC CHT TAO VJ
CC CHT TAO VJ
- Nu dng lu di saccarin c kha nng c ch men
tiu ha (pepsin) v gy chng kh tiu.
- Tc gia ngui Php nghin cu thy saccarin vo
bng quang, vi s c m}t cua cholesterol, c th sinh
ra ung thu cho chut cng trng.
- Saccarin b| phn huy boi sc nng v axit giai phng
phenol ra th t do, lm thc n c mi v| kh ch|u.
CC CHT TAO VJ
Cy.lamate
- Cng thc phn tu: C
6
H
13
NO
3
S (M 179.23 )
-Cng thc cu to:
- Dng bt kt tinh trng.
- C hu v| ngt chua cua chanh.
- Rt thch hp cho san phm nuc tri cy, bt giai kht,
mt tri cy, .
- Rt bn nhit, nh sng, v pH, tan rt t trong nuc.
- Ngt gp 30 ln saccharose
- Su dng kt hp 10 phn cyclamate v 1 phn saccharin.
CC CHT TAO VJ
- C uu dim l khng d li du v| kh ch|u nhu
saccarin, cho nn duc su dng rng ri hon
saccarin.
- Nm 1969, cc nh Khoa hc M chng minh cc
thu nghim trn chut gy ung thu gan, phi, v gy
nhng d| dng o bo thai cua sc vt th nghim, v
vy Cyclamat b| cm su dng nm 1970.
Aspartame
- Cng thc phn tu: C
14
H
18
N
2
O
5.
(M294.31).
- Nhit d nng chay: 246-247 C
- C hu v| ngt ging nhu saccharose
- Thch hp cho cc san phm kh: bt giai kht,
chewing gum, kem, san phm sa, yogurts, d trng
ming.
- Ngt gp 150-200 ln saccharose
- Ngoi kha nng to ngt cn gip cai thin mi
- Thung duc dng phi hp vi saccharin cho cc
san phm nuc ngt
CC CHT TAO VJ
CC CHT TAO VJ
- Ti d pH 7 cua nuc ct, ca hai nhm chc c kha
nng b| ion ha. N bn vng o pH 4.3.
- Dui cc diu kin no d v d m, nhit d cao,
pH thp, aspartame s phn huy v mt tnh ngt
CC CHT TAO VJ
A.esulfame Kali
- Dng bt kt tinh trng
-Dng trong ch bin nuc giai kht, chewing gum, nuc
sc
ming, kem dnh rng.
- Rt bn o nhit d cao su dng trong bnh nung, san
phm cn tit trng
- Ho tan tt trong nuc.
- Ngt gp 200 ln saccharose.
- C hu v| dng.
- C th dng phi hp vi aspartame v cyclamate.
CC CHT TAO VJ
1haumatin (1halin)
- L cht to ngt gc protein, duc cu to boi cc
acid amin chnh yu tr histidine
- Khi lung phn tu khoang 22.000
- Cu trc bc 3 cua chui polypeptide c vai tr quyt
d|nh trong vic to ra tnh ngt cho thaumatin; s ph
v cu ni S-S s lm mt di tnh ngt cua thaumatin
- Duc tinh ch t qua cua loi cy 1hauma.o..us
danielli (Ty Phi)
- D ngt gp 2000-3000 ln saccharose.
- On d|nh o mi trung trung tnh v acid.
- Va l cht to ngt, va l cht cai thin mi.
- Phi hp tt vi saccharin v acesulfame K.
- Dng trong san xut chewing gum, cc san phm
sa, thc n gia sc, thc n dng vt king.
CC CHT TAO VJ
3. Cc cht to v| chua
- Duc dng kt hp vi cc cht chng oxy ho d
gip ngn nga s i ho du m
- To phc vi kim loi n}ng, gip ngn ch}n s khoi
pht cua s oxy ho v phan ng ho nu
- Gip bao quan thc phm, do to ra mi trung c
pH thp.
- D chua cua axit ph thuc vo cc phn tu khng
phn ly v cc anion.
CC CHT TAO VJ
a. A.id .itri..
- Cng thc phn tu: C
6
H
8
O
7
(M192.123 g/mol).
- Khi lung ring: 1.665 g/cm
- Nhit d nng chay: 153 C
- D tan trong nuc: 133 g/100 ml (20C).
- Cc gi tr| pKa: pKa13.15; pKa24.77;
pKa36.40.
CC CHT TAO VJ
CC CHT TAO VJ
- Duc dng ph bin nht v n c v| chua d|u nhu
chanh t nhin, ngon hon cc axit khc.
- Thung su dng d san xut ko, nuc giai kht
ho}c d bao quan thc phm (liu dng ty theo loi
san phm)
- Duc coi l an ton su dng cho thc phm o cc
quc gia trn th gii.
CC CHT TAO VJ
-. A.id la.ti..
- Cng thc phn tu: C
3
H
6
O
3
- Phn tu khi: 90.08 g/mol
- Nhit d nng chay : L: 53 C; D: 53 C; D/L: 16.8 C.
- Nhit d si: 122 C
- pKa: 3.85.
- Axit lactic c ch nhung li nhiu nguy him khi duc
to ra boi cht lactate c nhiu trong mu.
- Cng thc cu to:
CC CHT TAO VJ
- Axit lactic duc hnh thnh t cc san phm sa ln
men trong san xut yaourt, ln men hidrat cacbon khi
c ho}c khng c oxi v to nn san phm chnh cui
cng l axit lactic,.
.. A.id a.eti..
- Cng thc phn tu: C
2
H
4
O
2
.
- Cng thc cu to:
CC CHT TAO VJ
- Phn tu khi: 60,05 g/mol
- pKa: 4,76 o 200C.
- Axit dng vi liu lung thch hp s to duc
v| chua, tng cam gic ngon hon, dng duc
nhiu hon. Tuy nhin nu lm dng s anh huong
dn d dy.
d. A.id tartri..
- Cng thc phn tu: C
6
H
3
O
6
-C nhiu trong qua nho, mi cua n thch hp d san
xut ruu mi.
CC CHT TAO VJ
4. Cht to v| dng.
- Trong thc phm v| dng l mt chi tiu doc yu
cu v khng yu cu
- V| dng do mt s cht trong t nhin to ra:
Alkaloid, Glucosid
- Cc cht to v| dng trong ch bin thc phm gm
+ V co: CsCl, CsBr, MgSO4
+ Hu co: Cc acid amin nhu Cysteine, Tryptophan,
Isoleucine, Leucine; v cc hp cht khc.
CC CHT TAO VJ
CC CHT TAO VJ
- Quinin: duc dng trong san xut nuc giai kht
(Tonic)
- Caffein: v| dng cua c ph, duc dng trong san
xut bnh ko, kem, nuc giai kht
- Theobromin (t ht ca cao): v| dng cua
chocolate, c cng dng tuong t caffein
- Naringin: c nhiu trong tri nho, tri cy c mi
- Hisperdin: c nhiu trong vo tri cy c mi
CC CHT TAO VJ
a. Cysteine.
- Cng thc phn tu: C
3
H
7
NO
2
S
- Phn tu khi: 121.16 g/mol
- Cng thc cu to:
CC CHT TAO VJ
- Cng thc phn tu:C
11
H
12
N
2
O
2
- Phn tu khi: 204.225 g/mol
- Tryptophan cn c m}t trong nhng loi thc phm
nhu th|t b, g, cc san phm sa v din hnh l g ty.
-. 1ryptophan
5. Cc cht to v| m}n.
- NaCl
-Trong trung hp cn hn ch Na th su dng cc mui
khc:
M}n LiCl
NaCl
KCl
LiBr
NaBr
LiI
NaI
NaNO
3
KNO
3
M}n v dng KBr NH4I
Dng CsCl CsBr KI MgSO
4
Ngt Acetate Zn
CC CHT TAO VJ
CC CHT TAO VJ
5. Cht to v| cay.
a. Capsai.in.
-Cng thc phn tu: C
18
H
27
NO
3.
- Phn tu khi: 305.41 g/mol
- Nhit d nng chay: 62 - 65 0C.
- Nhit ha hoi: 210 - 220 0C.
-Capsaicin l mt cht duc ly ra t t.
- Cng thc cu to.
- Capsaicin ha tan trong cn v m, khng ha
tan trong nuc
- Dng t qu d v trong mt thi gian di c th
lm nhng h thn kinh cht dn (trong y khoa
duc lit k vo loi dc).
CC CHT TAO VJ
CC CHT TAO VJ
b. Piperine.
-Cng thuc phn tu: C
17
H
19
NO
3
- Phn tu khi: 285.338 g/mol
- Nhit d nong chay: 1300C
- Khi luong ring: 1.193 g/cm3
- Duoc li trich tu h tiu.
-Co th h tro diu tri hiu qua bnh bach tang.
-Tan trong dung mi phn cuc.
CC CHT BAO QUAN
I. Mui ttraborat natri (Na
2
B
4
O
7
.10H
2
O)
-Tn khc: hn the.
- Phn tu lung: 381,37 g/mol
- Ti trng v pha: 1,73 g/cm
3
,Cht rn mu
trng .
- D tan trong nuc 5,1 g/100 ml nuc (20C).
- Dim nng chay75C (348 K)
- Dim si 320C (593 K
CC CHT BAO QUAN
Tinh th borax
Thuc n co han the
CC CHT BAO QUAN
2. Co ch v tc hi
- Hn the hp thu v thai qua nuc tiu 80, tuyn m
hi 3, qua phn 1.
- Cn li tch ly 15 lung su dng khng duc do
thai.
-Kh do thai nn trung vo no v gan ,tim, phi, d
dy, thn, rut. Thng thung n l mt cht kch
thch da, mt, dung h hp.
- Ngoi ra n c th lm thoi ha co quan sinh dc,
lm suy yu kha nng sinh san v gy thuong tn cho
bo thai.
-Triu chng ng dc mn tnh: n khng ngon. ri
lon tiu ha, chm chp l ln, vim da, thiu mu,
co git v rng tc.
- Ngui ln liu t 5gam tro ln gy ng dc cp tnh
dn dn tu vong
CC CHT BAO QUAN
CC CHT BAO QUAN
3. Tnh hnh su dng hn the o Vit Nam
- C tnh st khun nh, li lm cho san phm tinh
bt, c, th|t,... tro nn dai nn hay duc cc nh
san xut o Vit Nam cho vo thc phm d san
phm ch bin ra dai v ko di thi gian bao quan
v su dng.
- - Mc du bi B Y t Vit Nam lit k vao danh sach Mc du bi B Y t Vit Nam lit k vao danh sach
cac hoa cht cm su dung nhung no vn duoc su dung cac hoa cht cm su dung nhung no vn duoc su dung
trong cac loai thuc phm nhu gio, cha, nem chua, bun, trong cac loai thuc phm nhu gio, cha, nem chua, bun,
banh pho, banh cun, ca bin .voi ham luong khng banh pho, banh cun, ca bin .voi ham luong khng
co co quan nao kim soat. co co quan nao kim soat.
CC CHT BAO QUAN
II. Mui Nitrat (Na(K)NO
3
v Nitrit (Na(K)NO
2
)
hay cn gi l mui dim:
- Lm cht st khun trong bao quan v gi cho mu
th|t, c v mt vi loi phomt.
- Tc dng dc trc tip: Hemoglobine l hng cu
khi kt hp vi nitrite to ra Methemoglobine l cht
c hi cho co th.
CC CHT BAO QUAN
- Tc dng dc gin tip: Nitrite + Amin l cht dm d thuy phn
to ra cht Nitrosamine l tc nhn gy ung thu.
- Triu chng ng dc cp tnh : nhc du, bun nn, chng m}t,
tiu chay tip theo l tm ti, nu khng diu tr| k|p bnh nhn.
CC CHT BAO QUAN
CC CHT BAO QUAN
III. Formol (CH
2
O)
- Formol kt hop nhom amin thanh nhung dn xut bn vung di voi cac men
phn huy protin, do do anh huong dn vic tng hop protin cho co th.
Formol n vao co th gy kho tiu, bun nn, nn mua, vim loet da day ta
trang, co kha nng gy ung thu.
To help protect your privacy, PowerPoint prevented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Nessage Bar, and then click Enable external content.
CC CHT BAO QUAN
- Gioi han vn con an toan cho con nguoi trong khng khi la it hon 2 ppm,
Iormol voi nng d 6 dn 15 ppm dn dn bi ung thu m. Cac nghin cuu
cng cho thy Iormol co th gy ra cac vn d voi gan, tuy va phi.
- Cac thuc phm chua Iormol: du phu, ca, cac loai
mi soi,.

CC CHT BAO QUAN

IV. Acid benzoic (
C
7
H
5
O
2
)
ho}c Natri benzoat (C6H5COONa)
- Acid benzoic tinh th dng hnh kim ho}c tm l nho, mu trng la
ng nh trng.
- Natri benzoat l dng bt trng, ha tan duc trong nuc, rt d tan
trong nuc nng.
- Su dng trong thc phm lm cht st khun c hiu lc vi nm
men v vi khun hon di vi nm mc.
- Tuy nhin nu n nhiu acid benzoic co th s b| anh huong v glucocol
dng d tng hp protein s b| mt do tc dng vi acid benzoic d giai
dc.
- Nn su dng liu lung nho hon 1g/kg thc phm.
- Di vi con ngui, khi vo co th tc dng vi glucocol chuyn thnh
axit purivic khng dc, thai ra ngoi.
CC CHT BAO QUAN
VI. Cc cht lm trng tinh bt
- Thuong bao gm nhung cht nhu: khi clo, oxit
nito,, peroxit, clodioxt.
- Cac cht nay co tinh oxi hoa nn lam trng,
dng thoi pha huy caroten va Vitamine A, pha
huy mt phn Vitamin B1.
CC CHT BAO QUAN
VII. Cc cht lm tng kha nng thnh bnh cua bt
- Gm: bromat, iodat, peborat, pesunIat, triclo, nito. Cac cht nay uc ch
hoat dng cua men proteaza thuy phn cht dam, tranh su thoai hoa cua
gluten, lam cho tng kha nng thanh banh.
CC CHT BAO QUAN
-
Nuoc vi, nuoc tro la cac cht km, nn su dung han ch..
-
Bt mi co pH tu 7-7,5 d mt di 30-40 Vitamin B1.
-
Va voi pH tu 10-12 Vitamin B1 banh lam ra chi con lai 1-5 so voi gao.
Truong hop cn thit chi nn su dung Na2CO3 voi ti l 0,7 so voi bt.
CC CHT BAO QUAN
CC CHT BAO QUAN
- Cac mui canxi nhu canxi sunIat CaSO
4
duoc
dung trong ch bin du hu, ca chua dong hp.
d lam cung, dai san phm vua co canxi. Nng d
mui canxi trong san phm khng vuot qua
0.026. Co th dung mui canxi clorua CaCl
2
d
lam sach vo ca chua.
VIII. Cc cht lm no, xp bnh (Na VIII. Cc cht lm no, xp bnh (Na
22
CO CO
33
, ,
(NH4) (NH4)
22
CO CO
33
, NH , NH
44
HCO HCO
33
): ):
- - D tao ra cac san phm xp, no, min. cua mt s D tao ra cac san phm xp, no, min. cua mt s
loai banh, nguoi ta thuong su dung mt s hn hop: loai banh, nguoi ta thuong su dung mt s hn hop:
monoglyxerit cua axit beo, cac ester cua polydlycerol, monoglyxerit cua axit beo, cac ester cua polydlycerol,
propylen glycol. propylen glycol.
- - Cac cht nay tao ra phuc voi amilo co trong tinh bt, co Cac cht nay tao ra phuc voi amilo co trong tinh bt, co
tac dung giu bot, dan hi tt. Tuy nhin nu su dung tac dung giu bot, dan hi tt. Tuy nhin nu su dung
nhiu, san phm gy vi dng vaalam kho tiu do tinh nhiu, san phm gy vi dng vaalam kho tiu do tinh
kim cua hoa cht. kim cua hoa cht.
CC CHT BAO QUAN