UMTS Overview

Reference (1/2)
[1] Wireless and Mobile Network ArchitecturesYBing Lin and Imrich ChlamtacWiley Computer Publishing [2] The Most Materials of this talk is summarized by the UMTS System Overview course held by the Informa Telecoms Ltd [3] GSM, cdmaOne and 3G SystemsRaymond Steele, Chin-Chun Lee and Peter GoludJohn Wiley & Sons, LTD.
2

Reference (2/2)
[4] WCDMA for UMTS, Radio Access For Third Generation Mobile CommunicationsHarri Holma and Antti ToskalaJohn Wiley & Sons, LTD.

Outlines
Introduction System Architecture WCDMA in UMTS UTRA UMTS User Plane vs. Control Plane Mobility Management Summary

Release-99 Release-4 Release-4 Release-99

Introduction
EDGE 473kbps GSM Phase 1 GSM Phase 2 GSM GPRS 171.2kbps UMTS WCDMA 2Mbps R99~R4 UMTS HSPA 10Mbps LTE 10Mbps LTE Advanced 1Gbps R10
5

IMT-2000
International Telecommunication UnionITU 1980 3G
FPLMTSFuture Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems IMT-2000International Mobile Telecommunications-2000

1992WARCWorld Association Radio Conference2 GHz 6

3G ITU (International Telecommunication Union) WARC (World Administrative Radio Conference), ITU 1986 , (Global Personal Telecommunication) . . 1992 (WARC-92), 2GHz 3G , ITU 3G IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telephony 2000). IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunications in year 2000 IMT-2000 3G2000, 3G 2000 MHz, 2000K bps WARC , 3G , air interface (WCDMA). ( PCS ), WCDMA, ( , , ).

Vision IMT-2000
2Mbps 3Km/hr384Kbps120Km/hr 144Kbps
7

(requirement) . IMT 2000 , : 144 kbps 3G , 384 kbps 2048 kbps 9600 bps IMT-2000 (terminal) . , , operators arrangements. Global roaming terminals.

Spectrum Assignment

3GPP
Be founded at 1999 The 3rd Generation Partner ship Project Project Coordination Group (PCG) 4 Technical Specification Groups (TSGs):
Radio Access Network (RAN) TSG Core Network TSG Service and System Aspects TSG Terminals TSG
9

3GPP ARIB (Japan), CWTS (China), ETSI (Europe), TI (USA), TTA (Korea) and TTC (Japan), GSM Association, UMTS Forum, IPv6 Forum, UWCC. 3GPP project coordination group (PCG) . specification 3GPP 4 TSG : Radio Access Network (RAN) TSG: radio . 1999 Release-99, UTRA air interface specification. 3GPP , Release-99 UMTS spec. Core Network TSG All IP network Service and System Aspects TSG: 3G service. Terminals TSG: . TSG working group, spec.

Beginning of UMTS
From 1988 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) at 1999 Rel. 99 ~ Rel.8, Rel. 9, Rel. 10
RACE I RACE Basic II studies ATDM A CODIT 1988 1992 ACTS/FRAMES ETSI ETSI Decision: Release-4 Release-5 FMA1: WTDMA Concept WCDMA for FDD Release-6 FMA2:WCDMA groups operation

1995

1997

1998

1999
3GPP

Release-99

Release-7 Release-8 Release-9 Release-10

10

3G : 1988 , RACE I (Research of Advanced Communication Technologies in Europe) program, 3G . 1992-1995 RACE II CDMA-based CODIT (Code Division Tested) TDMA-based ATDMA (Advanced TDMA Mobile Access) air interface proposal . 1995 , ACTS(Advanced Communication Technologies and Services) . ACTS , FRAMES (Future Radio Wideband Multiple Access System) project, RAS (radio access system) proposal. Nokia, Siemens, Ericsson, France Telecom, CSEM/Pro Telecom . , FRAMES proposals: Wideband TDMA (FMA1) Wideband CDMA (FMA2) ETSI, UMTS Air Interface . 1996-1997 , proposals ETSI, UMTS UMTS UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) candidates. 1997 7 , ETSI proposals : WCDMA, WTDMA, TDMA/CDMA, OFDMA, ODMA. ITU-R IMT 2000 , ETSI proposals , 1998 1, ETSI WCDMA UTRS (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) air interface. licensed paired bands, FDD. spectrum TDD . 1999 , 3GPP , ETSI 3GPP . UMTS specification , 3GPP. ETSI 3GPP, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 1999 3GPP specification: Release-99. , UTRA. 2000 WCDMA TDD IS-41 , cdma2000 GSM core network . Rel99=Release 3 ATM-based Iub, Iur, IuCS, IuPS for QoS. Release 4 Circuit Switched domain, Softswitch Signal Media MSC MSC Server SignalMedia Gateway Media IPIP Telephony Release 5 Packet Switched Domain real-time multi-media GPRS IP HSDPA core network IMS. Release 6 Wireless LAN GSM, HSUPA, , Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast ServicesMBMS 20085, 3GPP study team LTE Advanced, IMT-2000 Advanced . IMT-2000 Advanced ITU radio access .

Characteristics in UMTS
High voice quality High spectrum efficiency, bit rate up to 2Mbps QoS Enhanced security mechanism, using mutual authentication and 128-bit encryption multi-access service 3G-324M video call video 11 telephony

Coexistence of 2G and 3G systems and inter-system handovers for coverage enhancements and load balancing Support of asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic

Characteristics in UMTS Air Interface

Wideband Code Division Multiple AccessWCDMA Coexistence of FDD and TDD modes 384kbps 128kbps ATM

12

Variable bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand Multiplexing of services with different quality requirements on a single connection Delay requirements from delay-sensitive real-time traffic to flexible best-effort packet data Quality requirements from 10% frame error to 10-6 bit error rate

Overview of UMTS Evolution (1/2)

2G/2.5G
GSM / GPRS
Bearer Services - CS Data (CSD) 9.6 kbps - PS Data (PSD) Peak data rate 115 kbps using CS2 coding scheme Main Technologies - New coding scheme - Packet switched core network

3G UMTS
Rel. 99 or Rel. 3
Bearer Services - CSD64 kbps - PSDPeak data rate 2 Mbps Main Technologies - WCDMA - UTRA FDD/TDD 3.84 Mcps - ATM-based UTRAN - Alternative IP-based signalling bearer

Rel. 5
Rel. 4 HSDPA
Bearer Services - CSD64 kbps - Peak data rate DL: 14.4 Mbps UL: 384 kbps - Average Capacity DL: 4 2.5 Mbps/cell UL: 4 1 Mbps/cell - RTT: 40-60 ms Main Technologies - ALL IP core network - IP multimedia subsystem - IP RAN - HSDPA: 16QAM HARQ

Bearer Services - CSD64 kbps - PSDPeak data rate 2 Mbps Main Technologies - TD-SCDMA 1.28 Mcps - IP telephony MSC server & Media Gateway

13

1982 CEPT Group Spcial Mobile, 1990 Phase 1 GSM 900 , DCS 1800. 1991 First system GPRS 1994 ETSI/SMGthe European Telecommunications Standards Institute / Special Mobile Group. 1997 SMG#25 (25SMG), , 1999 . 1988 , RACE I (Research of Advanced Communication Technologies in Europe) program, 3G . 1999 , 3GPP , ETSI 3GPP . UMTS specification , 3GPP. R99 (Rel-3) WCDMA, UTRAN ATM QoS . GSMSS7IP-based(i.e., SIGTRAN) Rel-4Rel-3(UTRANLCS )TDDTD-SCDMA IP, IP TelephonyRel-4MSCMSC serverMGWcontrolbearer Rel-5 ALL IP core network (High Speed Downlink Packet Access, HSDPA) . IMS(IP Multimedia Subsystem) IP-based UTRAN IP, ATM . so R99 user traffic ATM AAL5 . Rel-5 UTRAN user traffic IP , Iu-PSIP, ATM . Notice, ATM IP , user traffic (UDP/IP) .

Overview of UMTS Evolution (2/2)

Rel. 6
HSDPA/HSUPA
Theoretical QoS - Peak data rate DL: 14.4 Mbps UL: 5.7 Mbps - Average Capacity DL: 4 2.5 Mbps/cell UL: 4 1.5 Mbps/cell (HSPA: 4 carriers = 2 20 MHz in total) - RTT: 40-60 ms Main Technologies - 10/2 ms TTI (Transmission Time Interval) - High speed Uplink

Rel. 7
HSPA Evo (step 1)
Theoretical QoS - Peak data rate DL: 28 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps - Average Capacity DL: 4 6.5 Mbps/cell UL: 4 2 Mbps/cell - RTT: 25-35 ms Main Technologies - Direct Tunnel - 64 QAM - MIMO - Flat architecture - Handover Support - Higher number of RNC IDs

Rel. 8
HSPA Evo (step 2)
Theoretical QoS - Peak data rate DL: 42 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps - Average Capacity DL: 4 6.5 Mbps/cell UL: 4 2 Mbps/cell - RTT: 25-35 ms Main Technologies - 64 QAM + MIMO

LTE/SAE
Theoretical QoS - Peak data rate DL: 173 Mbps UL: 58 Mbps - Average Capacity DL: 36 Mbps/cell UL: 18 Mbps/cell - RTT: 10-20 ms Main Technologies - OFDM based - SC-FDMA in UL - Up to 44 MIMO - Dynamic LA - Flat architecture - IP backhauling

14

WCDMA/HSPA For operators with 3G spectrum Broad terminal eco system High data security and QoS Quick and cost-effective upgrade of existing networks Seamless 2G/3G handover global coverage, global roaming Proven technology HSPA Evo Possible evolution step for HSPA Increased spectral efficiency, same latency as HSPA Used in 3G spectrum MIMO terminals requiredMIMO + SW upgrades for infrastructure LTE Mainstream; 3G evolution leverage large installed 3G base Utilizes 2G and 3G spectrum efficient re-farming with flexible bandwidth Broad terminal eco system expected Highest capacity, lowest latency Very flat and IP based architecture

GSM and UMTS Terminologies

GSM Mobile Station (MS) Base Station Transceiver (BST) Base Station Controller (BSC) Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) UMTS User Equipment (UE) Node B Radio Network Controller (RNC) Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)
15

GSM UMTS . .

System Architecture

16

UMTS System Architecture

Iur handles soft handoff Uu
Iub USIM Cu ME Node B RNC Node B Iur Node B RNC UE Node B UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial RAN)
Iu-PS Iu-PS 3G SGSN Gn

Iu

In Rel. 99, there is a clear distinction between radio networkcore network.

Iu-CS Iu-CS PLMN, PSTN, ISDN,...

3G
MSC/VLR D Gs Gr

GMSC
D

HLR
Gc

GGSN

Internet
Gi

Core Network

External Network

RNC controls RMM (ex: handoff) System Architecture of were originally handled by which 3GPP Release 99 GPRS SGSN.

17

Release 99 UMTS . UMTS , 3 : UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial RAN): radio , WCDMA, FDD/TDD Core network: ( interworking), . User Equipment: air interface user . Release 99 UMTS GPRS Release 99 radio network core network Radio network radio GPRS SGSN radio RNC handoff radio resource management (RMM) RNC , RNC , RNC BSC RNC Iur soft handoff VLR CS domain MSC , PS domain, SGSN .

Main Open Interface

Cu: USIM ME Uu: UE Node B Iub: Node B RNC Iur: RNC RNC Iu: UTRAN CS

18

UMTS interface. Cu: USIM ME Uu: UE Node B Iub: Node B RNC Iur: RNC RNC Iu: UTRAN CS

Core Network (1/2)

HLR (Home Location Register) MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Center/ Visitor Location Register) GMSC (Gateway MSC) SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

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PSTN/ISDNInternet Core Network , Intelligent network : HLR MSC/VLR circuit-switched (CS) . GMSC UMTS PLMN CS domain . SGSN MSC/VLR, circuit-switched (PS) domain . GGSN GMSC, PS domain . GPRS UMTS, core network SGSN MSC . SGSN MS ( MM PDP Context ). core network HLR ( HLR packet domain subscription date), VLR GGSN ( , PDP contexts) .

Core Network (2/2)

Two services domain
Circuit-switched (CS) service domain (i.e., PSTN/ISDN) Packet-switched (PS) service domain ( i.e., IP).

In the CS domain, an Mobile Station (MS) is identified by IMSI and TMSI. In the PS domain, an MS is identified by IMSI and P-TMSI.

20

Core Network (CN) circuit-switched (CS) service domain (i.e., PSTN/ISDN).CS. packet-switched (PS) service domain (i.e., Internet, IP).PS(Mobility Management, MM)(Session Management, SM) CS domain , IMSI TMSI MS. PS domain , IMSI P-TMSI MS.

User Equipment (UE)

UE consists of two parts:
Mobile Equipment (ME) UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)

Three operation modes :

PS/CS mode UE is equivalent to GPRS Class A MS. PS mode UE is equivalent to GPRS Class C MS. CS mode UE can only attach to the CS domain.

21

User Equipment (UE; MS 3G ), Uu radio interface WCDMA Node B . Mobile Equipment (ME) : Uu . UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM): smart card, , . UMTS UE : PS/CS mode UE: GPRS Class A MS. (MS CS PS connection.) PS mode UE: GPRS Class C MS. ( PS connection) CS mode UE: CS domain. UMTS GPRS Class B MS ( CS PS connection ).

UTRAN
RNS (Radio Network Sub-system)
Consists of one RNC and several Node Bs

Node B

channel coding, interleaving, rate adaptation, spreading... some radio resource management (ex: inner loop control)

Converts data flow between Iub and Uu interfaces

Radio Network Controller (RNC)

Own and control the radio resources of Node Bs connected to it Provide service to CN
Iub Uu Node B RNC Node B IuCS IuPS
22

RNS

UTRAN RNS (Radio Network Sub-system) . RNS RNC Node B. RNC Node B Iub interface . RNC IuPS interface SGSN , IuCS interface MSC . Node B, Base station, Uu Iub L1 , channel coding interleaving, rate adaptation, spreading . BTS, Node B radio resource management, inner loop power control. Node B(Cell) sectored Node BNode B13 (3-sector traffic load) RNC Node B , service access point Core Network. RRC (Radio Resource Control) RNC (i.e., ). Node B Downlink orthogonal codes RNC . Note: RRC UE UTRAN message procedure. RRC L1 L2 entities , (MM, CM, SM) , UE mobility (measurement, handover, cell update). RNC RNCs Iur interface . Note: GPRS/GSM BSCs . IuCS, IuPS, Iub, Iur interface ATM , QoS.

Characteristics of UTRAN
Support of UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio interface) and all the related functionality Maximization of the commonalities in the handling of PS and CS data Maximization of the commonalities with GSM Use of the ATM transport as the main transport mechanism in UTRAN
CS domain: AAL2 (constant delay, variable bit rate) is used to convey voice data (or video, circuit type data). PS domain: AAL5 is used (not delay sensitive, variable bit rate) to convey packet23 typed data, including signaling and packet data.

UTRAN ( UTRAN ): UTRAN radio interface , soft handover WCDMA Radio Resource Management algorithms. UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access, 3GPP Radio Access Network UTRA standardization. UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access. PS CS domains , , air interface protocol stack (Uu) UE, Iu CN. GSM ATM UTRAN bearer. AAL2 (constant delay, variable bit rate) voice data (or video, circuit type data). AAL5 (not delay sensitive, variable bit rate) packet-typed data, signaling packet data.

CRNC Node B

Logic Role of the RNC

(a)
UE

CN, handover,
Iu

Controlling RNC (CRNC) Serving RNC (SRNC) Drift RNC (DRNC) data routing
(b)
Iu Iub Node B SRNC Node B UE Node B DRNC Node B Node B Iur UE Node B DRNC Node B Iur Iub Node B SRNC

Iub Node B SRNC Node B

(c)
Iu

(d)
Iu Iub Node B RNC Node B Iur UE Node B SRNC Node B 24

RNC , CRNC, SRNC, DRNC. CRNC: RNC Node B , CRNC. cells load and congestion control. UE , admission control code allocation. UE UTRAN , handover, RNC , RNC : SRNC: UE UTRAN , CN , CN RANAP RNC, SRNC. SRNC RRC signaling . SRNC air interface L2 , Radio Access Bearer air interface transport channel , handover decision, outer loop power control. Note: RNC CN RANAP connection. DRCN: UE , UE RNC, SRNC , DRNC. DRNC data routing, macro-diversity combining and splitting. DRNC L2 , UE transport channel , Iub, Iur . UE SRNC, 0 DRNC. inter-RNC soft handover , (a) UE SRNC . (b) UE soft handover RNC , SRNC combine , DRNC. (c) UE , Node B .

SRNC Relocation (1/2)

GGSN GGSN SGSN1 SGSN2 SGSN1 SGSN2

RNC1

RNC2

RNC1

RNC2

LA1,RA1

LA2,RA2

LA1,RA1

LA2,RA2

UE

UE

(a)

(b)

(1) packet core network link (2) RNC1 (3) SRNC packet RNC (4) MS RNC2 SRNC. (5) PDP context (6) RNC1 link.

25

SRNC Relocation: (1) packet core network link, (2) RNC1 , (3) SRNC packet RNC (4) MS RNC2 SRNC. (5) PDP context (6) RNC1 link.

SRNC Relocation (2/2)

UE RNC1 RNC2 SGSN1 SGSN2 GGSN 1. Relocation Required 2. Forward Relocation Request 3. Relocation Request 3. Relocation Request Acknowledge 4. Forward Relocation Response 5. Relocation Command 6. Relocation Commit Forwarding of data 7. Relocation Detect 8. UTRAN Mobility Information 8. UTRAN Mobility Information Confirm 10. Relocation Complete 11. Forward Relocation Complete 11. Forward Relocation Complete Ack. 12. Iu Release Command 12. Iu Release Complete 13. Routing Area Update 9. Update PDP Context Request 9. Update PDP Context Response

26

RNC1SRNC, RNC2UE , SRNC Relocation. UE . Step1: RNC1 SGSN 1 SRNC Relocation (Relocation Type, Cause, Source ID, Target ID ) . Step2: SGNS1messageRNC2SGNS2, Target RNC id, transparent information field, IMSI, MM context, PDP contexts. Step3: SGSN2RNC2, Target RNC id, transparent information field. RNC2 Iu, RNC IP address, TEID SGSN2 . Step4: SGSN2 IuSGSN2SGSN1. Step5: SGSN1 RNC1 RNC1 Relocation. Step6: RNC1 RNC2 UESequence Number RNC1T3-TUNNELUE RNC2 Step7: RNC2SGSN2. Step8: RNC2UERNC2 RLCUE UE RNC2. Step9: ( Step7 ) SGSN2 Relocation DetectSGSN. SGSN2 GGSN, UE , PDP context. Step10: ( Step8 ) RNC2 SGSN2 Relocation. Step 11: SGNS2 SGSN1 Relocation. Step 12: SGNS1 RNC1 radio link. Step 13: RNC1 RNC2 SGSN, RA, Routing Area Update.

= Codes with different spreading, giving 8-384 kbps

Wideband CDMA, Code Division Multiple Access

Power Frequency High bit rate user
4.4 5.0 MHz 10 msec frame

Variable bit rate user

Time

27

, , GSM IS-95, air interface . , , . , WCDMA . power control softer/soft handover, 2G/3G . WCDMA , frame length, bandwidth, variable bit rate, code power .

Duplex Modes
UTRA FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) Mode
Paired separate frequency bands Duplex separation is 190 MHz For low data rate, wide cell area DS-CDMA Uplink and downlink in the same frequency band Guard period is needed. For higher data rate, small cell area TD-CDMA
28

UTRA TDD (Time Division Duplex) Mode

WCDMA FDD (uplink/downlink 5 MHz) TDD ( IMT2000 ) . FDD . FDD TDD, base station . FDD (Frequency Division Duplex): ITU FDD1920-1980 MHz21102170 MHz FDD/5 MHz/ 190 MHz FDD(DS-CDMA) A DUPLEX SEPERATION of 190 MHz is used to avoid interference between the two signals. FDD is better suited to covering wide areas with lower transmission rate. FDD(Soft Handover) FDD1500 Hz TDD (Time Division Duplex): TDDTDMACDMATD-CDMA To avoid overlap between uplink and downlink from propagation delays, a GUARD PERIOD is allocated. TDD is suitable for small cell areas where higher data rates can be provided. TDD(Hard Handover) TDD

Main WCDMA Parameters (FDD)

Multiple access method Duplex method Chip rate Frame length Base station frequency Service multiplexing DS-CDMA (Direct-Sequence - CDMA) FDD / TDD 3.84 Mcps 10 msec Asynchronous operation Multiple services with different quality of service requirements multiplexed on one connection Variable spreading factor and multi-code Coherent using pilot symbols or common pilot Supported by the standard, optional in the 29 implementation

Multi-rate concept Detection Multi-user detection, smart antennas

WCDMA : WCDMA wideband Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access. , CDMA spreading code quasi-random bits ( chips, 3.84Mchips per second), 5 MHz . DS-CDMA 1 MHz , IS-95 1.25 MHz, narrowband CDMA . , multipath diversity. carriers interference, 4.4 MHz - 5 MHz . WCDMA Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) . 10 msec frame, , . frame, data rate. throughput, . WCDMA FDD (uplink/downlink 5 MHz) TDD ( IMT2000 ) . WCDMA , IS-95 GPS , . . WCDMA pilot symbol common pilot, (coherent detection) uplink downlink . IS-95 downlink, WCDMA uplink capacity coverage. , CDMA , smart antenna, multiuser detection, capacity coverage. WCDMA GSM handovers.

Spreading and Despreading

1 -1 -1 1

Data
1 -1 1 -1

Spreading
Spreading code Spreading signal

Despreading
1 -1 1 -1
1 8 -1 -1 1

Spreading code

Data Data after integration

-8

30

BPSK, bit sequence rate R. Spreading code data , spreading signal. spreading , bit spreading code (i.e., sequence of 8 bits, ( chips)). chip rate =8R. spreading factor = 8. receiver , , despreading, spreading code equivalence, data. BS , user summation, .

Principle of the CDMA Correlation Receiver

1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
8

Desired signal
Spreading code Spreading signal Data after spreading Data after integration

-8

Other users signal

1 -1 1 -1
0

Other spreading code Other data after spreading Other data after integration
31

MS , , code despreading, power. BS signal, depreading 1 or 1. code despreading, data bit , 8 1, 1 , 0 8, 1/8, 1. MS code despreading, data bit , 1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1, , 0 , 0, 1/8, 0, BS , .

Multipath Propagation

Rake fingers Rake receiver Strong coding, interleaving, 32 retransmission

, (reflection), light of sight. effects:

1. , , time delay , . WCDMA chip 0.26 s (for 3.84Mcps), path 78m , delay 0.26us, IS-95 300m . , , , slow fading. 2. Fast fading, signal cancellation. path , , . , (ex: GSM 900 MHz, 0.33m) , , fast fading. WCDMA : 1. delay position, Rake fingers (correlation receivers) . 2. Rake receiver fast power control 3. strong coding and interleaving and retransmission protocol, redundancy time diversity.

Maximal Ratio Combining

Transmitted symbol
Received signal at each time delay Finger #1 Finger #2 Finger #3
33

Combined symbol
Modified with the channel estimate

Rake receiver 3 Rake finger ( phase amplitude). WCDMA pilot symbols , , phase rotator. , . maximal ratio combining (MRC).

CDMA Rake Receiver

Input signal from RF
Correlator Q Code generators Channel estimator I Phase rotator Delay Equalizer I

I Q

Finger 1 Finger 2 Finger 3

Combiner

Timing (Finger allocation)

Matched filter

34

CDMA Rake receiver block diagram. Path diversity and RAKE receivers Path tracking Path selection Path combination Code generator Correlator despreading and integration . phase rotator delay . Combiner finger . Matched filter channel multipath delay profile.

Macro Diversity (1/2)

Based on the RAKE receivers, a CDMA MS can simultaneously receive information from multiple BSs (distinguished by scrambling code). In addition, a CDMA MS can also simultaneously transmit information to multiple BSs. An CDMA MS can transmit/receive the same information from/to several BSs using multiple radio link.This is called macro diversity. 35

Macro Diversity (2/2)

Set of radio links simultaneously involved in a specific communication service between an UE and a UTRAN access point is called Active Set. Macro diversity distribution/combining should be done in the network (Node B, RNC for UMTS, and MSC for IS-95).

36

Radio Resource Management

Admission control Power control Handover control Channelization Code Allocation Load Control Packet Scheduling

37

(admission control) WCDMAUE admission control UE 3GPP Radio Access NetworkCore NetworkService Network . Power control UE Node B . Handover control handoff . Channelization Code Allocation: UE code spreading. Load control Packet Scheduling

Power Control
Open loop power control
UEradio link UENode B near-far effect UE2
broadcast UE 2 Node B

Close loop power control

Inner loop power control or fast loop power control Outer loop power control

UE 1

38

Interference limited system Power control: Gracefully degradation WCDMA power control . uplink power control, uplink power control, , cell (block), power control, UE , system capacity. WCDMA power control 1500 , IS-95 800 , fast. BS, power bit rate. power control, power , , BS cell , solution bit rate ( service ). , downlink power . BS power , user cell , user power . . admission control microcell/macrocell, load BS. cell breathing uplink , BS loading (not overloading), , link budget , new user BS, BS , so cell range is short than before at this time. , BS UE , (UE ), Node B UE (uplink) power, connected UE . SIR , coverage area . coverage area unconnected UE, , blocked.

Close-loop Power Control

Node B UE UE SIRSignal-to-Interference Ratio
P1

P2 Node B UE2

UE1
Node BUE Node B UE SIR target SIR measured SIR > target SIR BS UE power measured SIR < target SIRBS UE power 39

UE1 UE2 , spreading code . UE1 cell path loss , UE2 BS. UE1 UE2 power control, power , UE1 UE2 . near-far problem of CDMA. BS . Open-loop power control UE , UE Node B common channel , channel, Node B UE power power control. UE , power. open-loop power control. RACH CPCH. Open-loop power control (), downlink beacon signal , path loss, . WCDMA uplink downlink , uplink/downlink fast fading . open-loop power control UE power setting. Fast closed-loop power control . uplink, BS (1.5kHz) Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR), target SIR . measured SIR > target SIR, BS UE power; measured SIR < target SIR, BS UE power. path loss fast Reyleigh fading , , so fast. Note: power cell. Node-B TBC=0/1 UE power. Uplink, inner close loop power control UE uplinkNode-BSIR (Signal-to-Interference Ratio)QoS closed-loop power control downlink. downlink, cell UE, BS , Rayleigh fading, UE BS .

Outer Loop Power Control

Frame reliability information SIR target adjustment commands UE1 target SIR
RNCFER Frame Error Rate SIRNode B Node BSIR inner loop power control
40

RNC

Node B

soft handoff RNC BER

Time UE stands still

RNC Node B Frame BER ( soft handoff, RNC BER), BER target SIR setpoint, Node B. Node B SIR setpoint , fast power control. radio link connection, uplink frame error rate (FER), bit error rate (BER) , Node B (RNC ) target SIR setpoint , power. target SIR , , multipath , . target SIR setpoint (power), , (FER) . , , target SIR , FER (ex: bit error rate <0.1% codec ). Outer loop power control RNC . RNC Node B loop, outer ( ) loop; Node B UE inner loop. BS frame CRC check frame reliability indicator, RNC . , RNC NBAP BS target SIR setpoint. RNC , handoff, CRC check, soft handover combining .

Handovers in WCDMA
Softer handover Soft handover Inter-frequency hard handover Inter-system hard handover

41

soft/softer handover closed-loop power control , soft/softer handover, near-far scenarios, power ( BS power control), cells ( power control). soft/softer handover WCDMA . soft handoff no conversation interruption is occurred soft/softer handover , WCDMA handovers: Inter-frequency hard handover BS . capacity, frequency BSs. Node B carriers, UE carrier hard handoff carrier. Hard handoff soft handoff timing measurement. Inter-system hard handover WCDMA FDD WCDMA TDD, GSM, Multi-carrier CDMA . 3G , UTRAN .

Softer Handovers

The same signal is sent from both sectors to UE1.

Sector 1

UE1 Sector 2 RNC Node B

42

BS sectors ( frequency), softer handover. UE BS, UE ? Answer: soft handover , (Rake receiver) delay, rake receiver is at Node B, rake finger is at UE. air interface , (maximal ratio combining) Rake processing . Uplink air path, BS baseband Rake receiver (maximal ratio combining) . softer handover , path power control. 5-15% softer handover.

Soft Handovers
The same signal is sent from both BSs to UE1 except for the power control commands.

1st Node B

UE1

RNC

2nd Node B
43

BS ( frequency), soft handover. air interface , (maximal ratio combining) Rake processing . softer handover . Uplink , soft softer handover . uplink signal RNC . RNC frame reliability indicator ( outer power control) , frame, core network. 10-80ms ( interleaving). downlink RNC splitting, 3 instance, Node B, MS. path power control. handover SRNCDRNC, SRNC Node B (NBAP message) target SIR, DRNC target SIR. UE path power control , . 20-40% softer handover. soft handover, , : Node B Rake receiver channels. RNC Node B transmission links UE Rake finger. UTRA FDD CPICH (common pilot channel) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP): despreading, CPICH ( physical channel) signal code Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI): UTRS FDD Ec/No: RSCP/RSSI handover . spec operator power control SIR handover . soft handover , cell timing, Rake receiver combine BS . serving cell timing difference measurement, RNC. RNC target cell DCH timing .

Spreading and Scrambling

Spreading Usage
Uplink: Separation of DPDCH and DPCCH from the same terminal Downlink: Separation of downlink connections to different users within one cell

Scrambling
Uplink: Separation of terminal Downlink: Separation of sectors (cells)

channelization code

scrambling code

Data

To transmit
44

Bit rate Chip rate Chip rate Spreading Scrambling

spreading, scrambling. spreading ( channelization code) , scrambling ( scrambling code) . UE , scrambling BS (or cells), spreading . BS , scrambling UE , spreading DPDCH or DPCCH. Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)UEuser data physical layer, Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) UE control message physical layer. DPCCH DPDCH physical channel. Scrambling code uplink downlink Spreading/Channelization code Downlink: cells users . Uplink: DPDCH DPCCH. UE receiver, Scrambling code cells, channelization code . Node B receiver, Scrambling code UEs, channelization code user data control signals.

Scrambling Codes
The scrambling codes differentiate signals from different sources.
Downlink: use to distinguish cells Uplink: use to distinguish UEs

Generated by using Pseudo-Random number sequences known as a PN sequence. A sequence of binary numbers which appears to be random. Since UTRA uses different scrambling codes to separate users from cells, it is not necessary to be synchronous between BSs.
45

Scrambling code uplink downlink . spreading code, scrambling .

Downlink: cells Uplink: UEs, which is unique in the

same RNC coverage area. Scrambling code Pseudo-Random sequence, random binary number. WCDMA scrambling cell user, IS-95 scrambling code, BS synchronization, Spreading code users. scramblingAsync . UMTS Async BS cost , fast cell selection Scrambling code : Length: 10ms frame 38400 chips ( chip rate 38400/10^-2 = 3.84 MHz) Number of code: uplink code, 512 downlink codes Code family: 10 ms Gold code Scrambling signal bandwidth, chip rate. spreading .

Channelization Codes
Transmissions from a single source are separated by chanelization codes.
Downlink: use to distinguish UEs Uplink: use to distinguish DPDCH and DPCCH

The generations of channelisation codes are based on the OVSF codes.

OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) The Spreading Factor (SF) can be changed (e.g., for variable bit-rate services) Spreading factor defines the number of channelization codes per scrambling code
46

Channelization code ( BS users, ) . Downlink: cells , users . Uplink: DPDCH DPCCH.

Channelisation by using the OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) codes

Spreading code Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) Spreading factor , i.e., user spreading code. spreading factor, . OVSF codes spreading code orthogonal. chip rate 3.84 Mcps. Node B Downlink orthogonal codes RNC . Channelization code : Length: uplink 4-256 chips, downlink 4-512 chips ( 10 ms frame) Number of code under one scrambiling code = spreading factor Code family: channelization codes Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) . Channelization code spreading , transmission bandwidth.

OVSF Code Tree

c,c c c,-c
0 0101 01 0110 Chip length SF=1 SF=2 SF=4 00 0011 0000 00000000 00001111 00110011 00111100 01010101 01011010 01100110 01101001 SF=8

SF=4, 3.84Mbps/4=960kbps data 0 1 code 0110 0110

SF=8, 3.84Mbps/8=480kbps data 0 code 0110 1001

47

OVSF code tree, . , parent code c, SF, children (c,c) (c,-c), 2SF. c complement. , c=0110, -c=1010, c children (c,c) =01100110, (c,-c)= 01101010. channelization code : code (ex: 0110) , code root codes (ex: 0, 01) . branch code (ex: 01101001). Example: , DPCCH ( SF=256 OVSF code) ( TFCI DPDCH rate) bit rate DPDCH (SF 4 256) . chip rate=3.84Mbps, period , spreading code , . 8 chips , SF=4, 2 bits, SF=8, bit. SF=4, total bit rate 3.84Mbps/4 = 960 kpbs SF=256, total bit rate 3.84Mbps/256 = 15 kpbs

WCDMA vs. GSM Air Interface

WCDMA
Carrier spacing Frequency reuse factor Power control frequency Quality control Frequency diversity Packet data Downlink transmit diversity 5 MHz 1 1500 Hz Radio resource management algorithms 5 MHz bandwidth gives multipath diversity with Rake receiver Load-based packet scheduling Supported for improving downlink capacity

GSM
200 kHz 1-18 2 Hz or lower Network planning (frequency planning) Frequency hopping

Time slot based scheduling with GPRS No supported by 48 standard

GSM core network service , platform WCDMA air interface, . GSM

WCDMA v. IS-95 Air Interface

WCDMA
Carrier spacing Chip rate Power control frequency Base station frequency Inter-frequency handovers
Efficient radio resource management algorithm

IS-95
1.25 MHz 1.2288 Mcps Uplink: 800 Hz, downlink: slow power control Yes, typically obtained via GPS Possible, but measurement method not specified Not needed for speech only network Packet data transmitted as short circuit switched calls No supported by standard 49

5 MHz 3.84 Mcps 1500 Hz, both uplink and downlink Not needed Yes, measurements with slotted mode Yes, provides required quality of service Load-based packet scheduling Supported for improving downlink capacity

Packet data Downlink transmit diversity

Radio Interface Protocol

50

ETSI , UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio.

Radio Interface Protocol

1st layer: Physical Layer
Physical channels are channels on the air.

2nd layer: Data Link Layer

MAC(Media Access Control), RLC(Radio Link Control), BMC(Broadcast/Multicast Control), PDCP(Packet Data Convergence Protocol) Transport channels are the channels between the physical and MAC layers. Logical channels are above MAC layers.

3rd layer: Network Layer

RRC (Radio Resource Control)
51

(User PlaneU-plane) (Control PlaneC-plane) U-plane C-Plane U-planeMACRLCPDCPBMC. MAC . C-planeMACRLCRRC U-plane Radio Bearer: air interface channel. Logic channel: SAP (service access point), GSM logic channel , . Transport channels: WCDMA physical channel. air interface . Physical channels , channelization code .

Control Plane and User Plane

UMTS Control PlaneC-plane User PlaneU-plane

52

Non-Access Stratum and Access Stratum

Non-Access StratumNAS
CMMMGMMSM L3Layer 3 signaling

Access StratumAS
ATM Uuradio interface protocol IuASUTRAN

53

Non-Access and Access Stratums (Control Plane)

CM,MM,GMM,SM (3)

Non-Access Stratum
Iu
proto cols

CM,MM,GMM,SM (3)

Radio protocols (1)

Radio protocols (1)

Iu
proto cols

(2)

(2)

UE

Access Stratum UTRAN Radio (Uu)

Iu

CN
54

radio access, Non-access stratum. CM, MM, GMM, SM. core network resource . Connection Management (CM), (Mobility Management, MM)(Session Management, SM) Non-access stratum bypass Access Stratum, Access Stratum . control plane . user plane, UE< CN protocols. radio access, UTRAN , Access stratum. UE UTRAN Radio protocols, UTRAN CN Iu protocols. Access Stratum plane: User plane Control Plane. User plane involves process and protocols related to the signaling and the control of the data transport. Control plane involves process acting on the actual user data, including the data transfer itself. user data flow control user data signaling.

Non-Access and Access Stratums (User Plane)

Non-Access Stratum

Radio Interface Protocols

Radio Iu Interface Protocols Protocols

Iu Protocols

Access stratum UE
Radio Uu

UTRAN

Iu

CN

UuAS

55

Control Planes for UMTS and GPRS

(a) Control plane for UMTS Mobility Management
SGSNradio, RRCRANAP UERNC, RNCSGSN

(b) Control Plane for GPRS Mobility Management

LLCMSSGSN
56

UMTS GPRS Control Planes . PS domain. GPRS , MS SGSN LLC . UMTS LLC layer, SGSN radio . UMTS : Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol MS UTRAN ( radio resource ), Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) UTRAN SGSN . Mobility Management. GPRS SGSN MS . UMTS , SGSN MS MM context, MS RA-level location tracking, SGSN radio , UTRAN MM , UTRAN MS cell URA. SCCP Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) protocol, MS CN , UTRAN . RANAP serving RNC relocation, radio access bearer (RAB) management . GPRS UMTS , GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) protocol . UMTS GMM UMTS MM (UMM).

User Planes for UMTS and GPRS

Application

E.g., IP, PPP Relay PDCP RLC MAC L1

Uu

E.g., IP, PPP Relay GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM

Iu-PS

(a) User plane for UMTS

GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1
Gn Gi

PDCP RLC MAC L1

GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM

GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1

UTRANIP over ATM, GTP-U IP UEUTRANPDCP IP

MS
Application IP

UTRAN

3G-SGSN

3G-GGSN

IP
Relay

SNDCP LLC
Relay

SNDCP LLC

GTP-U

GTP-U

(b) User Plane for GPRS

UESGSN, LLC SNDCPIP
57
Gi

UDP BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb IP L2 L1 Gn

UDP IP L2 L1

RLC MAC GSM RF Um

RLC MAC GSM RF

BSSGP Network Service L1bis

MS

BSS

SGSN

GGSN

user plane. UMTS GPRS User Planes. GPRS, SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) MS SGSN LLC , NPDUs (Network Packet Data Units). UMTS , MS UTRAN RLC Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), IP packet RLC . GPRS SNDPC. UTRAN CN GTP-U (GTP for the user plane protocol) UDP/IP link (Iu link). MM signaling procedures , lost User data . Control plane user plane RLC/MAC .

Radio Interface Protocol Architecture

GC Nt DC Duplication avoidance

RRC , UE ,

GC C-plane signalling

Nt

DC UuS boundary U-plane information

RRC

control

L3
Radio B earers PDCP PDCP

IP ,

control

control

control

RLC ,

control

L2/PDCP
BMC

L2/BM C

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC

RLC

L2/RLC

MAC

Logical Channels M AC

L2/M AC
Transport Channels

58

PHY

L1

(Radio Interface Protocol)UMTS UERNC(Radio Link) UE OSI (Physical Layer) (Data Link Layer), MAC(Media Access Control)RLC(Radio Link Control)BMC(Broadcast/Multicast Control)PDCP(Packet Data Convergence Protocol). Control plane, RRC RLC ( Segmentation/Reassembly, Retransmission). User plane, RRC PDCP(IP, (IP Header)), BMC (broadcast), RLC. RLC transmission mode, user data IP header ( PDCP), broadcast ( BMC). (Network Layer), RRC(Radio Resource Control) RLCMACPDCPBMC. Channels MACRLC(Logical Channel) MAC(Transport Channel). (Physical Channel). Logic channel transport channel . Transport channel Physical layer, physical channel .

Channels
Radio Bearer: air interface channel. Logic channel: SAP (service access point), GSM logic channel , . Transport channels: WCDMA physical channel. air interface . Physical channels , channelization code .
59

Physical Layer
To support variable bit rate transport channels to offer bandwidth-on-demand service
Modulation/demodulation, spreading/despreading, error detection, FEC (Forward Error Correction), interleaving Closed loop power control, frequency and time synchronization, transport channel multiplexing/de-multiplexing, macro-diversity, soft handover.

60

UTRA , transport channel . Transport channel Physical layer, physical channel . Physical layer bit rate transport channel, bandwidth-on-demand . (connection) . UE AP , one physical channel transceiver/receiver . Physical layer: , , , FEC(Forward Error Correction)(Interleaving), (Closed loop), (chip, bit, slot, frame), (Transport Channel)(Coded composite), , macro-diversity, . WCDMA Node B

Transport Channels vs. Physical Channels

Transmitter
Transport Ch. 1
Transport Format Indicator

Receiver
Transport Ch. 2 Transport Block TFI Transport Block TFI Transport Ch. 1 Transport Block Transport Block TFI Transport Ch.2 Transport Block Transport Block

Transport Block Transport Block

TFI

Transport Format Combination Indicator

TFCI

Coding & Multiplexing

TFCI Decoding & Demultiplexing

Physical Control Channel

Physical Data Channel

Physical Control Channel

Physical Data61 Channel

Transport channel TFI (Transport Format Indicator) . TFI physical layer TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator), physical control channel . Transport channel , coding multiplexing, physical data channel . Receiver , Decoding demultiplexing, transport channel.

Transport Channel
Dedicated transport channel
Dedicated channel (DCH)
Service data (e.g., speech frame) and higher layer control frame (e.g., handover commands and measurement reports)

Common transport channel

6 types Difference between 2G and 3G
Transmission of packet data Downlink shared channel for transmitting packet data Fast power control

62

Transport channel : Dedicated transport channels common transport channels. Dedicated transport channels user , code. dedicate channel (DCH), data speech frame, higher layer control information handover commands, measurement report. WCDMA , frame data rate, GSM traffic channel (TCH), Associated control channel (ACCH). Common transport channels users , type. GSM , common channel packet data, downlink shared channel packet data. Common channel handover, fast power control.

Common Transport Channel

Broadcast Channel (BCH) (downlink) Paging Channel (PCH) (downlink) Random Access Channel (RACH) (uplink) Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH) (uplink) Forward Access Channel (FACH) (downlink) Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) (downlink)

63

Broadcast Channel (BCH): cell UTRAN (System InformationSI)UE cell random access codes, access slots, transmit diversity method . , low-end BCH, BCH low and fixed data rate, high power. Paging Channel (PCH): paging procedure , speech call, location area cells page . PCH , standby , paging receiver . paging . Random Access Channel (RACH): page, connection, initial system access, , . RACH low data rate, RACHPS Forward Access Channel (FACH): RACH accessFACH FACH low bit rate, power control, . , high bit rate FACH . FACHPSFACH Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH): RACH , packet-based user data ( packet-based user data FACH ). CPCH RACH CPCH fast power control, physical layer collision detection , CPCH status monitoring procedure. RACH 1-2 frames, CPCH frames. Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH): UEPS UEDSCHDCH DCHDSCHDSCH DSCH FACH DSCH fast power control, variable bit rate. DSCH , , Common transport channels RACH, FACH PCH , DSCH CPCH option. USCH (Uplink shared) channel TDD , for (uplink) dedicated user/control data.

Transport-channel to Physical-channel Mapping

Transport Channels
BCH FACH PCH RACH DCH DSCH CPCH

Physical Channels
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) Paging Indication Channel (PICH) CPCH Status Indication Channel (CSICH) Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH)
64

transport channel physical layer physical channels . transport channel physical channel . SCH, CPICH, AICH CSICH, CD/CA-ICH CPCH , . DCH physical channels, physical layer control information data. DPCCH fixed rate, DPDCH variable rate. physical layer, radio frame 10 msec. paging procedure random access procedure, , 10 msec system frame.

Uplink Dedicated Channel Frame Structure

2560 chips

DPDCH

Data TPC 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

DPCCH PILOT TFCI FBI slot 0 1 2 3 4 5

10msec
65

UMTS , frame 15 slots. Uplink DPCCH, DPDCH , . channel , [3]. frame 15 slots. slot 666 us, GSM 577 us . DPCCH slot , pilot, TFCI, FBI, TPC. pilot channel estimation. TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator) , FBI (Feedback Information) BS closed loop transmission diversity . TPC (Transmission Power Control) BS power control commands. DPCCH slot , pilot TPC , . DPDCH . , SF=4 spreading code, slot 640 bits, total bit rate 960 kpbs. coding, 480 kbps data rate.

Media Access Control (MAC)

In the 2nd Layer Mapping the upper logic channels to the lower transport channels. Select of Transport Formats
Support variable bit rate, QoS

Priority handling (between data flows/terminals) Multiplexing/demultiplexing Ciphering Traffic volume monitoring
66

MAC MAC layer , logic channel transport channel. RRC transport channel Transport Format (TF), voice bit rate 12.2kbps, packet 384kbps, format UMTSQoS MAC(Transparent Mode)RLCMAC MAC . MAC RRC Traffic volume monitoring: MAC user data, report RNC. Access service class selection: MAC , Access service class selection ( 15 classes) Dynamic transport channel type switching

Logic Channel
Logic channel
Control Channel Traffic Channel
downlink: FACH, DSCH, DCH. uplink: CPCH, RACH, USCH, DCH, transport channel user data.

67

Logic Channel Traffic

Dedicated Traffic CHannelDTCH
Bi-directionalone-to-one UE UE

Common Traffic CHannelCTCH

Downlinkone-to-many FACH.

68

Logic Channel - Control Channel

Broadcast Control CHannelBCCH
downlink:

Paging Control CHannelPCCH

downlink:

Common Control CHannelCCCH

Bi-directionalone-to-many: UE

Dedicated Control CHannelDCCH

Bi-directionalone-to-one: UERNC
69

Logical-channel to Transport-channel Mapping

BCCH PCCH

DCCH

CCCH SHCCH CTCH (TDD only)

DTCH Logical Channels

BCH PCH

CPCH
(FDD only)

RACH

FACH USCH DSCH DCH

(TDD only)

Transport Channels

70

(Control Channel). . (BCCH, Broadcast Control Channel) (downlink) (PCCH, Paging Control Channel) (downlink) (CCCH, Common Control Channel) UECCCHRACH/FACH (bi-directional, one-to-many) (DCCH, Dedicated Control Channel) UE RNC(bi-directional, one-to-one) (Traffic Channel) downlink: FACH, DSCH, DCH. uplink: CPCH, RACH, USCH, DCH, transport channel user data. (DTCH, Dedicated Traffic Channel) UE(bi-directional, point-to-point) (CTCH, Common Traffic Channel) (downlink, point-to-multipoint), FACH.

Radio Link Control (RLC)

RLC In the 2nd Layer physical layerU-plane C-plane 3 Transmission mode:

Transparent Mode

Streaming Video

Only Segmentation/Reassembly

Unacknowledged Mode Acknowledge Mode

VoIP

Transparent mode + RLC header + ciphering

Internet

Unacknowledged mode + ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request)

RLC RRC

71

RLC U-plane C-plane physical layer . (Segmentation/Reassembly)(Retransmission) control plan, radio linkRLC RRC RLC(Transparent Mode, Tr mode) (Unacknowledged ModeUM mode)(Acknowledge Mode AM mode)CRC(CRC RLC) (transparent mode)RLC RLC Streaming Video (unacknowledged mode) (ciphering)RLC (Sequence Number) VoIPRRC (acknowledge mode) ARQ(Automatic Repeat Request) Internet

Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)

In the 2nd Layer Only for the user plane and packet-switched domain Transfer user data Header compaction (ex: for VoIP)

72

PDCPPS PDCH IPPDCP(Header) VoIPRTP/UDP/IPIPv4 40 bytes20 bytes PDCP

Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC)

In the 2nd Layer Only for the user plane and packet-switched domain User for broadcast/multicast

73

BMCPS (Broadcast)Multicast BMC UTRAN BMC BMC(Cell Broadcast Center, CBC) BMC RRC(FACH CTCH) (Scheduling)BMC BMC UEBMC RRC BMC

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

In the 3rd layer Create, modify and release radio link Radio resource management
Admission control, handover control, power control, channelization code allocation, load control, packet scheduling

UE mobility management

74

RRCUEUTRANcontrol signaling, UE (MACRLCPDCPBMC) (Admission Control) (Handover Control)(Power Control) ( downlink outer and open loop power control), (Channelization Code Allocation) (Load Control)(Packet Scheduling) Ex: error rate, retransmission. UTRAN MM , UTRAN MS cell URA. programmer RRC, RRC Non-Access Stratum, cell system information. radio . paging, , cell page, paging timing, . UE connection message.

RRC State
UTRA RRC Connected Mode URA_PCH
out of service in service

CELL_PCH
out of service in service

UTRA: Inter-RAT Handover

GSM: Handover

GSM Connected Mode

CELL_DCH

CELL_FACH
out of service in service

GPRS Packet Transfer Mode

Cell reselection
Release of temporary block flow Initiation of temporary block flow Release RR Connection Establish RR Connection

Release RRC Connection

Establish RRC Release RRC Connection Connection

Establish RRC Connection

GPRS Packet Idle Mode1 Camping on a UTRAN cell1 Camping on a GSM / GPRS cell1

Idle Mode
75

MM state PDP context state (SM) , RRC state radio management , MM state , SGSN wireless , resource . GSM MS RR connection, connected mode. RRC RRC states, user radio resource, radio resource . . GSM GPRS handover. UTRN cell GSM/GPRS cell. GPRA Packet Transfer Mode mode ( MM state). UTRAN RRC states idle/connected mode, connected mode 4 states (Cell_PACH, Cell_DCH, Cell_PCH URA_PCH), radio resource. Idle mode UE broadcast information, CS UE LA ID for CS domain, RA ID for packet domain (SGSN). UTRAN . Connect mode UE UTRAN CN RRC connection ( physical channel UE). MS , cell URA (Cell connected URA connected). Cell_PCH URA_PCH channel, RRC connections. , resource. Idle mode: , network, , UE Idle mode, UE RRC connection. , system information cell broadcast message. request. Idle mode , location update, UE Cell_DCH Cell_FACH.

RRC Procedure
The procedures in RRC idle mode (UE, network) RRC connection establishment (UE, network) Paging (network) Handover (UE, network) Power control (UE, network)

76

(UE, network) UE, core network . Handover , procedures.

The Procedures in RRC Idle Mode

Monitor system information broadcast (contain MM information) PLMN selection and reselection Cell selection Cell reselection Location registration and updating Monitor paging channel

77

UE power on ( idle mode) PLMN selection and reselection Cell selection ( RRC request) Cell reselection ( cell location update) Location registration and updating

RRC connection establishment

The RRC_Connection_Request is sent from the UE to the CRNC on a CCCH before the UE is trying to make a call, transfer data or update a location or RA. The SRNC now sets up the radio link over the Iub interface, including the data bearer setup within the ATM transport network. The UE moves into the CONNECT state, sending a RRC_Connection_Setup_Complete indication to the SRNC on the designated 78 dedicated channel.
CRNC: Controlling RNC, UE , RNC. CCCH: Common Control Channel RNCRRC_Connection_Request (RACH, CCCH), Node-B UE Um channel. UE RRC_Connection_Setup (FACH, CCCH), IDLE mode CONNECT mode.\ UE RRC_Connection_Setup_Complete ( DCCH) RNC.

Paging
Paging can be initiated by SRNC if UE is in IDEL mode. Paging can be initiated by the core network if UE is in Cell_PCH or URA_PCH states. Paging can be initiated by RNC if the RNC want to indicate a change of SIB.

79

Paging : UE idle mode , core network (RANAP) paging. RANAP paging, location area , location area NodeB PCCH UE. UE Cell_PCH URA_PCH state , SRNC paging. paging UE Cell_FACH state, data transfer. RNC system parameter, SIB, . UE , page UE. Paging PCCH/PCH UE.

Soft Handover Procedure

Based on Measurement Reports, SRNC decides to add, replace ore remove the cell from the active set.

80

Active set: UE Node-B . SRNC system information, Cells list. UE measurement reports. RNC link, UE new cell active set ( DCCH Active Set Update). , cell link. UE DCCH Active Set Update Complete.

Hard Handover: UMTS to GSM

The UE monitors the MSC 3 appropriate radio 4 UTRAN GSM resources, sending the RNC BSS required 5 measurements to 6 1 2 UE SRNC. The SRNC assesses 1 system information 2 measurement reports the measurement 3 relocation report results and may decide 4 acknowledgement (GSM information) to handover from 5 hard handover command to GSM UTRAN to GSM. 81 6 GSM handoff access

CS domain handover, UTRAN Inter-Radio access system Handover Procedure GSM Handover procedure, UTRA RRC Connected Mode GSM Connected Mode . 6 GSM dedicate channel . WCDMA voice call , break (gap), GSM signal (), user , compressed mode. compressed: Reducing the data rate from the upper layers. () Lowering the spreading factor so that fewer chips are used to represent the same amount of data. bit rate , slots . . (ex: spreading factor , power , . Reducing the symbol rate by puncturing at the physical layer. 5 bits, 4 bits, .

Mobility Management

82

UMTS PS domain GPRS Mobility Management (GMM), UE . GPRS RA , SGSN UE RA. SGSN UE MM context. UE , SGSN, GGSN, UE PDP context. UMTS CS domain GSM LA , VLR MS LA. Non-access stratum , CM, MM, GMM, SM. MM. radio access, Non-access stratum. Connection Management (CM), (Mobility Management, MM)(Session Management, SM), UMTS PS (GPRS Mobility Management, GMM) GPRS_UMTS_MM.ppt UMTS location tracking. GMM UTRAN radio resource, e.g., handover.

Mobility Management (MM) Messaging

The mobility management (MM) messages are exchanged among GPRS/UMTS nodes through various interfaces described in two aspects:
Between the MS and the SGSN Between the SGSN and Core Network Nodes (HLR, VLR, GGSN)

83

GPRS, SGSNMSMM stateready, standbyidle. UMTS, PMM-DETACHED, PMM-IDLE PMMCONNECTED, MM state machine. Mobility Management (MM) Messaging GPRS UMTS MS SGSN . SGSN Core Networks Nodes (HLR, VLR, GGSN) .

MM Messaging between MS and SGSN

In GPRS, MM messages are delivered through the Gb and the Um interfaces.
An LLC link provides signaling connection between the MS and the SGSN in GPRS.

In UMTS, MM message transmission is performed through the Iu and Uu interfaces.

In UMTS, the signaling connection consists of an RRC connection between the MS and UTRAN, and an Iu connection ( one RANAP instance) between the UTRAN and the SGSN.
84

GPRS , GMM messages Gb Um interface . , LLC link MS SGSN MS signaling connection. UMTS , GMM message Iu Uu interface . UMTS signaling connection MS UTRAN RRC connection UTRAN SGSN Iu connection ( RANAP instance).

MM Messaging between SGSN and Other CN Nodes

In both GPRS and UMTS, GSM Mobile Application Part (MAP) is used to interface SGSN and the GSM nodes.

85

GPRS UMTS , GSM Mobile Application Part (MAP) SGSN GSM . UMTS . , HLR Gr MSC/VLR Gs (BSSAP+ protocol BSS Application Protocol +). SGSNs GGSN GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) Gn interface . , GPRS GTP tunnel . tunnel tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID) , IP address UDP port number .

Location Tracking
In UMTS, the cells in an RA are further partitioned into UTRAN RAs (URAs). The URA and the cell of an MS are tracked by the UTRAN. URA cell cell cell cell LA URA RA URA

RA URA URA RA URA URA URA

86

small cell (for CS/PS domain)

URA: UTRAN RA (for PS domain) RA: register area (for PS domain) big LA: location area (for CS domain)

MS, GPRS/UMTS cells (BTSs/Node Bs) groups. MS, MS cells MS radio link. CS domain , cells location areas (LAs). VLR MS LA. PS domain , cells routing areas (RA). RA LA . SGSN MS RA. UMTS , RA UTRAN RAs (URAs). UTRAN URA MS cell. ( LA RA) inactive user resource . state user, location update strategy. UE IDLE mode, CS domain, MSC/VLR LA. incoming call page UE. PS domain, SGSN RA ID (UTRAN UE data). UE CONNECTED mode, dedicated mode (RRC state=Cell_DCH, Cell_FACH, Cell_PCH), UTRAN UE, cell level. Cell_URA, UTRAN URA level .

Areas Tracked by the Network Nodes

The areas controlled by VLR, SGSN, and UTRAN are listed below:

MSC/VLR GSM Cell URA RA LA no yes GPRS no no yes UMTS no no no yes

SGSN GPRS yes yes no UMTS no no yes no

UTRAN UMTS yes yes no no

87

MSC/VLR, SGSN UTRAN GSM, GPRS, UMTS , (i.e., cell, URA, RA, TA ). circuit switched domain , GSM/GPRS/UMTS MSC/VLR LA. packet switched domain , GPRS SGSN , RA cell. UMTS SGSN RA, UTRAN URA cell.

GPRS and UMTS MM

In both GPRS and UMTS, IMSI is used as the common user Identity, and common MAP signaling is applied to both systems as well as GSM. Unlike GPRS, UMTS Radio network parameters and radio resources are managed in the UTRAN. Link GPRS BSS, the UTRAN does not coordinate MM procedures that are logically between the MS and CN.
88

GPRS UMTS IMSI user Identity, GSM MAP signaling. GPRS, UMTS Radio network parameters radio resources UTRAN . GPRS BSS, UTRAN MS CN MM procedures . UMTS GPRS , SGSN GMM state translation , ( , ), procedure/parameter . RA Updating Procedure Step 1:MSRouting Area Update Request Follow on UMTS, Step 2: old SGSN new SGSN Inter-RNC data forwarding

Non-Access Stratum Procedures

89

Some Non-Access Stratum Procedures

MM Function
IMSI Attach/detach procedure GPRS Attach/detach procedure

Location Management Procedure

Location updating procedure Routing are updating procedure

Session Management Procedure Security Service Request Procedure UMTS-GPRS Intersystem-Change Procedure

90

PSGMMGPRS AttachGPRS DetachSecurity Location Management ProcedureService Request ProcedureUMTS-GPRS Intersystem- Change Procedure PS attach procedurePSPS SGSN HLR(MM context)10-2 PS detach procedurePS attach procedure PS Security procedure(Authentication)(P-TMSI reallocationP-TMSI signature)(Ciphering) GSM challenge, 3G challenge . Location management procedure RA UpdateCombined RA/LA update Service request procedureUMTS paging UMTS-GPRS intersystem-change procedureGSM/GPRS/UMTS (dual-mode)GPRSUMTSIP Security procedure(Authentication)(P-TMSI reallocationP-TMSI signature)(Ciphering) GMMRA Update Procedure (Normal)(Periodic) Normal MSRARA Update Procedure

MS

UTRAN

new SGSN

old SGSN

GGSN

EIR

new MSC/VLR

HLR

old MSC/VLR

Combined GPRS/IMSI Attach

SGSN , UE IMSI

1. Attach Request 2. Identification Request 2. Identification Response 3. Identity Request 3. Identity Response 4. Authentication 5. IMEI Check 6a. Update Location 6b. Cancel Location

SGSN IMSI, MM context UE

PS domain location update

6c. Cancel Location Ack 6d. Insert Subscriber Data 6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 6f. Update Location Ack 7a. Location Update Request 7b. Update Location 7c. Cancel Location

CS domain location update

7h. Location Update Accept

7d. Cancel Location Ack 7e. Insert Subscriber Data 7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 7g. Update Location Ack

UE attach VLRTMSI

8. Attach Accept 9. Attach Complete 10. TMSI Reallocation Complete

91

1: MSAttach Request (IMSI/P-TMSI, old RAI, classmark, Attach Type, , Follow On Request, ) SGSN Attach type(GPRS attachcombined GPRS/IMSI Attach) Follow on requestAttach Request Iu Follow on requestUMTS2.5G GPRS SGSNAttach RequestMS SGSNMSSGSN 2SGSN IMSI SGSNP-TMSIMM context MM context(SGSNMS) 6 7 SGSNMS 2 3 2: SGSNIdentification RequestSGSNMSIMSI MM contextSGSNMSSGSN 3 IMSISGSN 2IMSI 3 3: SGSNIdentity RequestMSIMSI 4~5: SGSNMS IMEI 6a~6f: SGSNMSMSSGSN SGSNUpdate LocationMSHLRSGSN( 6a)HLR SGSNCancel LocationSGSNMS(MM contextPDP Context)( 6b~6c)HLRInsert Subscriber DataMS (IMSI)SGSN( 6d~6e)SGSNMM context 7a~7h: 1Attach TypeCombined GPRS/IMSI AttachGs 7aSGSNVLRLocation Update RequestVLR CSIMSI AttachPSSGSN CS/PSGsSGSN 7b~7hCS 8: SGSNAttach Accept(P-TMSI, TMSI,)MS 9-10: P-TMSITMSIMSAttach Complete( 9)

Inter SGSN RA Update Procedure

UE, SGSN SRNCPCP context . SRNC

MS

new SRNS

old SRNS

new 3G-SGSN

old 3G-SGSN

GGSN

new MSC/VLR

HLR

old MSC/VLR

1. Routeing Area Update Request 2a. SRNS Context Request

2a. SRNS Context Response 4. Security Functions

SGSN IMSI, MM context UE 3. SGSN Context Response 5. SGSN Context Ack 6. SRNS Data Forward Command SGSN 7. Forward Packets 8. Forward Packets
9. Update PDP Context Request 9. Update PDP Context Response 10. Update Location

2. SGSN Context Request

GGSN PDP context

11a. Iu Release Command

11. Cancel Location

PS domain location update

11a. Iu Release Complete 11. Cancel Location Ack 12. Insert Subscriber Data 12. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 13. Update Location Ack 14. Location Update Request 15a. Update Location 15b. Cancel Location

CS domain location update

16. Location Update Accept

15c. Cancel Location Ack 15d. Insert Subscriber Data 15e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 15f. Update Location Ack

UE RA update VLRTMSI

17. Routeing Area Update Accept 18. Routeing Area Update Complete 19. TMSI Reallocation Complete

92

1: MSRouting Area Update Request (old RAI, old P-TMSI Signature, Update Type, Classmark, PDP context status)SGSN Update Type(RA updateperiodic RA updatecombined RA/LA update)Follow On Request PDP context statusPDP context(ActiveInactive) Follow On RequestUMTS 2~2a: Inter SGSN RA Update ProcedureSGSN SGSN Context Request (old RAI, old P-TMSI Signature, New SGSN Address) SGSNMM contextPDP contextsSGSN MSold P-TMSI SignatureMSPMM P-TMSI SignatureMSPMM-IDLE 2a 3MS 3 P-TMSI SignatureMSPMM-CONNECTED( ) 2aRNCPDP ContextGTP (Sequence Number)PDCPRNC MSSRNS Context Response (IMSI, GTP-SNDs, GTP-SNUs, PDCP-SNUs)SGSN 3: SGSNSGSN Context Response (MM Context, PDP Contexts) MSMM context PDP contextsSGSNPDP context GTP-SNDGTP-SNU 4: SGSN RA Reject 5: SGSN 3SGSN Context Ack SGSNSGSNMS 6: MSPMM-CONNECTEDSGSNSRNS Data Forward Command RNC (Data Forwarding)

Session Management Procedure

PDP Context Activation PDP Context Modification PDP Context Deactivation Secondary PDP Context Activation

93

PS(i.e. GPRS Attach) (Session Management, SM)IPIPPS UMTSPSSGSN GGSN PS PSSGSNGGSN (PDP Context) PDP ContextPDP(PDPPDPPDP PDP(IP))APN(Access Point Name)QoS PDU(PDCP-SNDPDCP-SNU) PDP Context ActivationPDP Context Modification PDP Context DeactivationSecondary PDP Context Activation UMTSSecondary PDP Context(2.5G GPRSR99) Secondary PDP ContextIPAPN QoS(PDP Context)Rel-5IMS PDP Context #1(QoSInteractive)IMSPDP Context #2(QoSConversational)PDP ContextIP each UE 11 address. IP channels, QoS, second PDP context.

PDP Context Activation

94

UE MM attach, SGSN UE, PDP context activation. PDP active state. UE MM detach PDP Deactivate, PDP active state PDP inactive state. 1: UE (in PDP inactive state) Activate PDP Context Request (PDP Type, PDP Address, APN, QoS Requested, )SGSNPDP TypeIPIPv4IPv6PDP Address IPIP 3G/GPRSUEAPN APN emome APN QoS RequestedMSQoS(QoS ) 2: SGSNAPNDNS (Domain Name Server)GGSN Create PDP Context Request(PDP Type, PDP Address, APN, QoS Requested, )GGSNPDP Context PDP AddressIPGGSNIP GGSNCreate PDP Context Response (PDP Address, QoS Negotiated, Charging Id, Cause, )SGSN 3: SGSNCreate PDP Context ResponseRAB UTRANRAB 4: 3RABQoS( )SGSNUpdate PDP Context RequestQoSGGSN GGSNUpdate PDP Context Response 5: SGSNActivate PDP Context Accept (PDP Type, PDP Address, QoS Negotiated, )UEPDP AddressIP UE PDP active state.

Secondary PDP Context Activation

Secondary PDP context IP APN QoS PDP context

95

1: UEActivate Secondary PDP Context Request (Linked TI, NSAPI, TI, QoS Requested, TFT) QoS RequiredQoS 2: SGSNUETIGGSN Create PDP Context Request (QoS Negotiated, TEID, NSAPI, Primary NSAPI, TFT)GGSNSecondary PDP ContextGGSNPrimary NSAPINSAPIPDP ContextAPN PDP ContextQoSCreate PDP Context Response (TEID, QoS Negotiated, Cause) 3: SGSNRABRAB 4: 3RABQoS( )SGSNUpdate PDP Context RequestQoSGGSN GGSNUpdate PDP Context Response 5: SGSNActivate Secondary PDP Context Accept (TI, QoS Negotiated, Radio Priority, Packet Flow Id)UE

UMTS Security
Mutual authentication
UMTS uses Quintet, f1-f5 algorithms

UMTS Integrity AlgorithmUIA

f9 algorithm, for data integrity

UMTS Encryption AlgorithmUEA

f8 algorithm, using 128-bit Kasumi algorithm

96

GSM: i.e.UEBTSAbis UEAUEA0()UEA1(128-bit Kasumi), UERNC. UEA1 128-bit Kasumi algorithm. AUTNUE challenge . integrity protection UERNCUIA , UIA0(128bit Kasumi).

Authentication Mechanism in AuC

AuC generates Authentication Vectors (AV), i.e., Quintet
Send AUTH and RAND to USIM

AV=(AUTN, RAND, XRES, CK, IK)

AUTN = (SQN AK) || AMF || MAC
AK = f5K(RAND) MAC = f1K(SQN || RAND || AMF)
AuCUE XRES = f2K(RAND) CK = f3K(RAND) IK = f4K(RAND)
97

UEAuC

Parameters in Quintet
Parameters predefined
K: secrete key (in USIM & AuC) AMF: Authentication and Key Management

Parameters generated by AuC

RAND: 128-bit random number SQN: : 128-bit sequence number

98

VLR/SGSN RANDAUTH UE

Authentication Mechanism in USIM

RAND AUTN f5 AK SQN AK AMF MAC

SQN K

UEXRES, IK, CK. UEXRES .

f1

f2

f3

f4

USINXMAC MAC

XMAC
Expected MAC

RES XRES

CK

IK

Verify MAC = XMAC Verify that SQN is in the correct range

99

Security Message Flow

UE . UE.

MS

SRNC

VLR/SGSN

1. RRC connection establishment including transfer of the HFNs START values and the UE security capability from MS to SRNC

, L3

1. Storage of HFNs START values and UE security capability 2. Initial L3 message with user identity, KSI etc. 3. Authentication and key generation

4 Decide allowed UIAs and UEAs 5. Security mode command (UIAs, IK, UEAs, CK, etc.)

RNC UE . .

6. Select UIA and UEA, generate FRESH Start integrity

7. Security mode command (CN domain, UIA, FRESH, UE security capability, UEA, MAC-I, etc.) 8. Control of UE security capability, Verify message, Start of integrity 9. Security mode complete (MAC-I, etc.)

VLR/SGSM UTRAN

.
Start ciphering/deciphering

10. Verify received message 11. Security mode complete (selected UEA and UIA) Start ciphering/deciphering

100

UE security capability indicates UIAs and UEAs supported by MS

AuCVLR/SGSN Quintet. UESRNC, HLR/AuC.

Quality of Service (QoS)

101

GPRS_UMTS_MM.ppt UMTS location tracking.

UMTS QoS Architecture (1/4)

UMTS TE MT UTRAN CN Iu EDGE NODE CN Gateway TE

End-to-End Service

TE/MT Local Bearer Service

UMTS Bearer Service

External Bearer Service

Radio Access Bearer Service

CN Bearer Service

Radio Bearer Service

Iu Bearer Service

Backbone Bearer Service

UTRA FDD/TDD Service

Physical Bearer Service

Ref: 3G TS23.107

102

UMTS QoS Architecture (2/4)

Network Services are considered end-to-end (TE to TE). The Service on the application level uses the bearer services of the underlying networks:
TE/MT Local Bearer Service UMTS Bearer Service External Bearer Service

To realise a certain network QoS, a Bearer Service with clearly defined characteristics and functionality is to be set up from the source to the destination of a service. 103

UMTS QoS Architecture (3/4)

The UMTS Bearer Service provides the UMTS QoS. When defining the UMTS (traffic) QoS classes, the restrictions and limitations of the air interface have to be taken into account.

104

UMTS QoS Architecture (4/4)

A bearer service includes all aspects to enable the provision of a contracted QoS
Control signalling User plane transport QoS management functionality

It is the user that decides whether he is satisfied with the provided QoS.

105

UMTS QoS Classes (1/2)

Four traffic QoS classes (or traffic classes)
Conversational class (e.g., video telephony)
Very delay sensitive

Streaming class (one way transport, delay variation sensitive) Interactive class (e.g. interactive Email or interactive Web browsing) Background class (e.g. background download of Emails or background file downloading)
The most delay insensitive

106

PDP context , network UE QoS profile.QoS profile core network radio UE. QoS parameters, traffic class, maximum bit rate (kbps), guaranteed bit rate (Kbps), transfer delay (ms). QoS traffic class. Conversational and streaming class are real-time application. Interactive and background class are non-real-time.

UMTS QoS Classes (2/2)

Traffic class
Conversational class conversational RT Streaming class streaming RT Interactive class Interactive best effort Background Background best effort

Fundamental characteristics

Preserve time relation (variation) between information entities of the stream Conversational pattern (stringent and low delay ) voice

Preserve time relation (variation) between information entities of the stream

Request response pattern Preserve payload content

Destination is not expecting the data within a certain time Preserve payload content

Example of the application

Streaming video

Web browsing

Background download of emails

Ref: 3G TS23.107

107

Bearer Service Attributes (1/3)

Maximum bit rate (kbps) Guaranteed bit rate (kbps)
The traffic is conformant if it follows the token bucket algorithm

Maximum SDU size (octets)

used for admission control and policing only applicable if SDU format information is not specified

Transfer delay (ms)

Indicates maximum delay for 95% of the distribution of delay
108

Bearer Service Attributes (2/3)

Delivery order (y/n)
in-sequence SDU delivery or not

Delivery of erroneous SDUs (y/n/-) SDU format information (bits)

list of possible exact sizes of SDUs for Tr RLC protocol mode

SDU error ratio

109

Bearer Service Attributes (3/3)

Residual bit error ratio (the undetected bit error ratio, derived from length of CRC in PHY layer) Traffic handling priority Allocation/Retention Priority
a subscription parameter

Source statistics descriptor ('speech'/'unknown')

110

QoS Profile (1/2)

UMTS bearer service attributes describe the service provided by the UMTS network to the user. A set of QoS attributes (QoS profile) specifies this service. The UE capabilities form a QoS profile which may limit the UMTS bearer service which can be provided.

111

QoS Profile (2/2)

TE (UE or EN) requests a QoS profile at UMTS bearer establishment or modification.
How the TE derives a QoS profile is out of scope for UMTS.

A QoS profile in the UMTS subscription describes the upper limits for the provided service. Default QoS profile(s) may be configured by the operator for the UMTS bearer services provided by the network .
112

Universal Terrestrial Radio interface (UTRA)

113

ETSI , UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio. UTRANinterface Iur Iub.

General Protocol Model for UTRAN Terrestrial Interfaces

Radio Network Layer Transport Network Layer
Control Plane Application Protocol
Transport Network User Plane Transport Network Control Plane

User Plane Data Stream(s)

Transport Network User Plane

Data

ALCAP(s) Signaling Bearer (s) Signaling Bearer (s) Physical Layer Data Bearer (s) Transport channel Physical channel 114

UTRAN terrestrial interfaces , . model plane, layer independent. layers: Radio Network Layer Transport Network Layer. Radio Network Layer UTRAN , Transport Network Layer , UTRAN . , Control plane, User Plane, Transport Network Control Plane, Transport Network User Plane. Control Plane UMTS , Iu RANAP, Iur RASAP, Iub NBAP. Signaling bearer AP . RANAP (Radio Access Network Application Part): core network UTRAN NBAP (Node B Application Part): RNC Node-B RNSAP (Radio Network Sub-system Application Part): RNC negotiated protocol. User plane: framing protocols for Iub and Iur; framing protocol for Iu-CS, Iu-PS.

UTRA Horizontal Layer

Radio Network Layer: UTRAN specific Transport Network Layer: non-UTRAN specific

115

UTRA Vertical Layers (1/2)

Control Plane
the Application Protocol (AP), i.e. RANAP, RNSAP or NBAP, the Signalling Bearer for transporting the AP messages

User Plane
the Data Stream(s) the Data Bearer(s) for the Data Stream(s)

Transport Network User Plane

The Data Bearer(s) in the User Plane The Signalling Bearer(s) for Application Protocol
116

UTRA Vertical Layers (2/2)

Transport Network Control Plane
ALCAP: Generic name for the transport signalling protocols used to set-up and tear-down the Data Bearers for the User Plane, which is specific for the User Plane technology. Signalling Bearer: needed for the ALCAP protocol. A signalling transaction by the Application Protocol in the Control Plane triggers the set up of the Data Bearer by ALCAP.
If there is no ALCAP signalling transaction, the Transport Network Control Plane is not needed at all. This is the case when pre-configured Data Bearers are used.
117

Iur Interface Protocol Structure

Radio Network Layer Control Plane RNSAP User Plane Iur Data Stream(s)

Transport Network Layer

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network Control Plane

ALCAP(Q.2630.1)

Transport Network User Plane

SCCP MTP3-B SSCF-NNI SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5 M3UA SCTP IP

STC (Q.2150.1)

MTP3-B SSCF-NNI SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5

M3UA SCTP IP AAL2

ATM Physical Layer

Ref: 3G TS25.420

118

UMTS Protocol Stack for Iur

Radio Network Control Plane Transport Network Control Plane User Plane

RNSAP (TS 25.423)

PDCP (TS 25.323) /BMC (TS 25.324)

Q.2630.1 SCCP (Q.711) MTP3-b (Q.2210) SSCF-NNI (Q.2140) SSCOP (Q.2110) M3UA (IETF draft 2/2000) SCTP (IETF draft 2/2000) IP (RFC 791, 1483, 2225) Q.2150.1 MTP3-b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5 ATM M3UA SCTP IP RLC (TS 25.322) MAC (TS 25.321) UP FP TS 25.427, TS 25.435 AAL 2 (I.363.2)

AAL5 (I.363.5)

119
Source: TS 25.420 V3.1.0 (2000-03), and re-draw by Tektronix

Functions of Iur (1/2)

Transport Network Management Traffic management of Common Transport Channels
Preparation of Common Transport Channel resources Paging

Traffic Management of Dedicated Transport Channels

Radio Link Setup/ Addition/ Deletion Measurement Reporting
120

Functions of Iur (2/2)

Traffic Management of Downlink Shared Transport Channels and [TDD Uplink Shared Transport Channels]
Radio Link Setup/ Addition/ Deletion Capacity Allocation

Measurement reporting for common and dedicated measurement objects

121

UMTS Protocol Stack Iub

Radio Network Control Plane Transport Network Control Plane User Plane

RRC (TS 25.331)

NBAP (TS 25.433) Q.2630.1

PDCP (TS 25.323) /BMC (TS 25.324)

STC Q.2150.2 RLC (TS 25.322) MAC(TS 25.321) AAL 2 (I.363.2) SSCF-UNI (Q.2130) SSCOP (Q.2110) AAL5 (I.363.5) SSCF-UNI (Q.2130) SSCOP (Q.2110) AAL5 (I.363.5) ATM

RLC (TS 25.322) MAC (TS 25.321) UP FP TS 25.427, TS 25.435 AAL 2 (I.363.2)

122
Source: TS 25.430 (2000-03), and redraw by Tektronix

Functions of Iub (1/3)

Management of Iub Transport Resources Logical O&M of Node B
Iub Link Management Cell Configuration Management Radio Network Performance Measurements Resource Event Management Common Transport Channel Management Radio Resource Management Radio Network Configuration Alignment
123

Implementation Specific O&M Transport System Information Management

Functions of Iub (2/3)

Traffic Management of Common Channels
Admission Control Power Management Data Transfer

Traffic Management of Dedicated Channels

Radio Link Management Radio Link Supervision Channel Allocation / De-allocation Power Management Measurement Reporting Dedicated Transport Channel Management Data Transfer

124

Functions of Iub (3/3)

Traffic Management of Shared Channels
Channel Allocation / De-allocation Power Management Transport Channel Management Dynamic Physical Channel Assignment Radio Link Management Data Transfer

Timing and Synchronization Management

Transport Channel Synchronization (Frame synchronization) Node B - RNC node Synchronization Inter Node B node Synchronization

125

Summary

126

Summary
UMTS Architecture Wireless CDMA in UMTS User Plane Control Plane Mobility Management

127