An1LCLuLn1LS

LL MunuC Ln 1789 L8A 1C1ALMLn1L 8u8AL

LA LlnLA l8Cn1L8lZA Ln18L LA CluuAu ? LL CAMC L8A 8lCluA
vlvl8 Ln un uL81C L8A vlvl8 CL8CA uLL MunuC
LL 8C8LLMA AC8A8lC L8A lunuAMLn1AL C8 LSC LA 8lML8A LSCuLLA uL LCCnCMlS1AS CCn1lnLn1ALLS luL8Cn LCS
llSlCC8A1AS l8AnCLSLS CuL CCnSluL8A8Cn lnulSCu1l8LL CuL LA 1lL88A ? LA 8Ln1A uL LS1A L8An LA unlCA luLn1L uL
lnC8LSCS
LA ulvlSlCn uL Lu8CA L8A CCMCSlCuL AL CLS1L uL Lu8CA LS1A8An LAS CCLCnlAS uL18AMA8lnAS uCnuL LL lnulC C LL
nLC8C 18A8A!A8A CCMC LSCLAvC LL CuL1lvAuC8 1llCC nC L8A Ll88L LL 1l lCC 1L88A1LnlLn1L L8A LL 8ClL1A8lC uL un
1L88l1C8lC LA AML8lCA LSARCLA LxC81A8A 8CuuC1CS MlnL8CS Lx18AluCS C8 LCS lnulCS LA ZCnA uL LAn1AClCnLS uL
LSCLAvCS 1LnlA Su CLn18C Ln LAS lSLAS uLL CA8l8L AML8lCAL uLL Su8 (88AZlL) ? Ln LL Su8 uL LS1AuCS unluCS CuL C81LnlA
lMC81An1LS 8CuuC1CS CCMC ALCCuCn 1A8ACC CAlL CCLC8An1LS ? LL MAS lM C81An1L A8A LA 8LvCLuClCn
lnuuS18lAL LL ALCCuCn LA LCCnCMlA Lu8CLA SL lC81ALLClA A18AvLS uL LA 18A1A uL LSCLAvCS LA uLCAuLnClA uL LA
AZuCA8 ? LA 8LCnuL8AnClA uLL ALCCuCn
Ln 8uSlA CLCnlA LL CAMLSlnC 1llCC L8A SlL8vC LAS 8LClCnLS SL8vlLLS uL l1ALlA ? LSARA 1LnlAn CA8AC1L8lS1lCAS
LCCnCMlCAS SlMlLA8LS PA8lA ZCnAS uL C8AnuLS 8ClLuAuLS CuL L81LnLClAn A LA nC8LLZA
SA!CnlA 8CPLMlA ? vlLnA 1LnlAn lMC81AnClA lnuuS18lAL ? uLSA88CLLC u88AnC
LL SLRC8 CA8AC1L8lS1lCC uL LAS ZCnAS SL8vlLLS L8A uLS un nC8LL 8ClL1A8lC ? CuL1lvAuC8 C LxLC1AuC8 uL C8AnuLS
PAClLnuAS
LA LSLClALlZAClCn uL ALCunAS lunClCnLS AC8lCCLAS CCMC LA CL8vLCL8lA 1LnuL8CS ? ALCunCS C18CS L8Ml1lL8Cn ClL81A
LSLClALlZAClCn Ln LCS 8CCLulMlLn1CS ? LAS lunClCnLS L8Ml1lC ulvlul8 LA vlL!A A81LSAnlA C C8A8 un C8uC uL
18A8A!AuC8LS SLMlLxL81CS Ln18L LCS CAMLSlnCS
LA lLuS18AClCn uL8luC S Su luL8ZA 8CC8LSC ? 8AClCnALlSMC ClLn1lllCC ? LCCnCMlCCC 1LnlAn CCMC C!L8lvC Ll8L8A8 AL
lnulvluuC uL LAS CAuLnAS CuL LL C8lMlAn LL 18AulClCnALlSMC lCnC8An1L uL LA LuAu MLulA LA SuL8S1lClCn uL LA
lCLLSlA 1An ulS1ln1A uL LA 8AClCnALluAu CCn LL LLMA uL lCuALuAu Ll8L81Au ? l8A1L8nluAu CuL vLnu8lA uLSuLS A SL8 LL
LLMA uL LA 8LvCLuClCn l8AnCLSA
LA 8LvCLuClCn lnuuS18lAL
Ln18L 1780 (1730) SL Ll8L8C LL CuL8 8CuuC1lvC uL LAS SCClLuAuLS PuMAnAS CuL uLSuL Ln1CnCLS SL PlClL8Cn CAACLS
uL unA CCnS1An1L 8AluA ? PAS1A LL 8LSLn1L lLlMl1AuA MuL1lLlCAClCn uL 8lLnLS SL8vlClCS ? PCM88LS
Ln lnCLA1L88A LS1L L8lCuC ln lClAL uL lnuuS18lALlZAClCn LMLZC Ln LA uLCAuA uL 1780 ? 1L8MlnC CCn LA CCnS18uCClCn
uLL lL88CCA88lL ? LA C8LAClCn uL unA luL81L lnuuS18lA LSAuA Ln lnCLA1L88A Ln LA uLCAuA uL 1840
LL CC8lL8nC 8LvCLuClCnA8lC l8AnCLS LS1lMuLA8A LAS lnvLS1lCAClCnLS ClLn1lllCAS LL 8LACClCnA8lC 88l1AnlCC LAS
CCnSluL8A8A LLlC8CSAS L8C LAS ClLnClAS LCCnCMlCAS L8A un CAMC lunuAMLn1ALMLn1L AnCLCSA!Cn AuAM SMl1P ?
Su C88A L8A uL C8An lMC81AnClA
LAS 8lML8AS MAnllLS1AClCnLS uL LA 8LvCLuClCn lnuuS18lAL CCCu88lL8Cn Ln unA Sl1uAClCn P lS1C8lCA LSLClAL Ln LA CuL
LL C8LClMlLn1C LCCnCMlCC Su8ClA uL LAS uLClSlCnLS uL LM8LSA8lCS 8lvAuCS L lnvL8SlCnlS1AS 8LCluCS C8 LL 8lnClAL
lML8A1lvC uL LA LCCA CCM8A8 Ln LL ML8CAuC MAS 8A8A1C A8A vLnuL8 MAS CA8C
LA 8LvCLuClCn lnuuS18lAL 1uvC Su C8lCLn LL LA lnuuS18lA LACCuCnL8A ? LA LxAnSlCn CCLCnlAL uL PLCPC LA LSCLAvl1uu
? LL ALCCuCn MA8CPA8Cn !un1CS LAS lnulAS CCCluLn1ALLS 8CC8ClCnA8An LA CAn1luAu uL ALCCnuCn SullClLn1L A8A
LA lnuuS18lA 88l1AnlCA? LLA8C8A8 LL ALCCuCn Ln MAnCPLS1L8 LA lnuuS18lA uLL ALCCuCn luL LAnZAuA CCMC un
LAnLAuC8 C8 LL lMuLSC uLL CCML8ClC CCLCnlAL LA lnuuS18lA 88l1AnlCA LS1A8LLClC un MCnCCLllC A CAuSA uL LA
CuL88A LAS 8LvCLuClCnLS uL C18CS AlSLS ? Su 8ClC CC8lL8nC lML8lAL PlSAnCAML8lCA vlnC A uLLnuL8
vl81uALMLn1L CASl C8 CCMLL1C uL LAS lMC81AClCnLS 88l1AnlCAS uuL8An1L LAS CuL88A8 nACLLCnlCAS ? uLSuLS uL Su
8u1u8A CCn LSARA ? C81uCAL C8 LC CuL SL CCnvl81lC Ln unA uLLnuLnClA LCCnCMlCA lnCLLSA
LCS nuLvCS lnvLn1CS CuL 8LvCLuClCnA8Cn LA lnuuS18lA uLL ALCCuCn LAS MACulnAS uL PlLA8 LCS uSCS MLCAnlCCS ?
LCS 1LLA8LS L8An SLnClLLCS ? CCMLnSA8An LCS CAS1CS uL lnS1ALAClCn CCn Su AL1A 8CuuCClCn
LL CA88Cn 1LnlA LA vLn1A!A uL SL8 LA MA?C8 luLn1L uL CuL8lC lnuuS18lAL uLL SlCLC SlnC 1AM8lLn LL MAS lM C81An1L
CCM8uS1l8LL LAS CluuAuLS LSLClALMLn1L LCnuL8LS 1LnlA unA LxLC1AClCn uL CA88Cn lnMLnSA A LSCALA MunulAL
LS1A lnuuS18lA L8A SullClLn1L AMLlA A8A LS1lMuLA8 LA lnvLnSlCn 8ASlCA CuL l8A A 18AnSlC8MA8 LL 18AnSLAuC uL
ML8CAnClAS LL lL888CCA88lL LA LlnLA lL88LA uL uu8PAM PAS1A S1CCk1Cn uA8LlnC1Cn luL LA 8lML8A uL LCS MCuL8nCS
lL88CCA88lLLS LL lL88CCA88lL LS LL Pl!C uL LA MlnA ? LSLClALMLn1L uL LAS MlnAS uL CA88Cn uLL nC81L uL lnCLA1L88A
LL lnMLnSC AL1l1C uL LCS lL88CCA88lLLS AL1l1C uL PlL88C ? ACL8C CA88Cn ? MACulnA8lA LSAuA 18A8A!C L
lnvL8SlCnLS luL MAS lMC81An1L Ln LSA L1AA lnCLA1L88A 8Cuu!C PlL88C C8 1CnLLAuCS ? LC MlSMC LA 8CuuCClCn
uL CA88Cn LL CAl1AL uL LL lL88CCA88lL uL 1CuAS LAS CluuAuLS lnuuS18lALLS uL LA LCCA L8A 8LCnuL8An1LMLn1L
lnCLLS
LA 8LvCLuClCn l8AnCLSA
LA 8LvCLuClCn l8AnCLSA LS1A CCnSluL8AuA CCMC LA 8LvCLuClCn uL unA LCCA SuS C8lCLnLS LS1An Ln LA Sl1uAClCn uL
l8AnClA LA 8LvCLuClCn l8AnCLSA luL LL 8lML8 C8An MCvlMlLn1C uL luLAS Ln LA C8lS1lAnuAu CCCluLn1AL
LA 8LvCLuClCn LMLZC CCMC un ln1Ln1C A8lS1CC8A1lCC uL 8LCuL8A8 LCS MAnuCS uLL LS1AuC LS1L MCvlMlLn1C l8ACASC
AL Su8LS1lMA8 LAS l n1LnClCnLS lnuLLnulLn1LS uLL 1L8CL8 LS1AuC( uL8LC) uCMlnAuC C8 LA CLASL MLulA Ln 1789 SL
8CCLAMA LA uLCLA8AClCn uL uL8LCPCS uLL PCM88L ? uLL CluuAuAnC LCS PCM88LS nACLn ? vlvLn Ll88LS 8A!C LAS LL?LS
LA luLn1L uL 1CuA SC8L8AnlA 8LCluL Ln LA nAClCn LulS xvl nC SL8lA 8L? uL l8AnClA ? uL nAvA88A C8 ulCS Sl nC C8 LA
C8AClA uL ulCS ? LA CCnS1l1uClCn uLL LS1AuC
1CMA uL LA 8AS1lLLA 14 uL !uLlC uL 1789
LA 8LvCLuClCn CCnSlCuC unA SuL8lC8luAu MlLl1A8 Sln 8LCLuLn1LS CuL nACLLCn LxLC1A8lA
LxAnSlCn CCLCnlAL L lML8lALlSMC
CCn LL CCLCnlALlSMC SL uLSA88CLLA8Cn LAS 8ASLS Lx18uC1u8ALLS uLL SlS1LMA ln1L8nAClCnAL CCn1LMC8AnLC ? LA
LxAnSlCn CCLCnlAL Lu8CLA uu8An1L LL SlCLC xlx ? 8lML8A Ml1Au uLL xx SL ALCAnZA LA CCnS18uCClCn uL LCS C8AnuLS
lML8lCS CCLCnlALLS Lu8CLCS CCn LA LxAnSlCn CCLCnlAL ? LA CCnCulS1A uL LCS AlSLS uL ASlA CCLAnlA ? Al8lCA CuL SL
8CLCnCAn PAS1A MLulAuCS uLLSlCLC xx CuAnuC lnClA LL 8CCLSC uL uLSCCLCnlZAClCn uL LCS AlSLS Al8CASlA1lCCS
LA LxAnSlCn CCLCnlAL Lu8CLA uLL 8LS1C uLL MunuC SL PA8lA lnlClAuC uLSuL llnALLS uLL SlCLC xv LA 8lML8A
LxAnSlCn Lu8CLA C8 AML8lCA ASlA ? Al8lCA luL unC uL LCS ACCn1LClMlLn1CS MAS SlCnlllCA1lvCS uL LA PlS1C8lA LA
lMC81AnClA uL LS1A LS18l8A MAS Ln LCS LlLC1CS CuL L!L8ClC SC88L Lu8CA Sl uuuA CA8AC1L8lZAuC C8 LL
ML8CAn1lLlSMC 8LCAl1ALlS1A
lASLS uL LA LxAnSlCn CCLCnlAL uLL MunuC Lu8CLC CCCluLn1AL
LS1AS lASLS LS1An 8LLAClCnAuAS 8lnClALMLn1L CCn Su LvCLuClCn LCCnCMlCA
8lML8A lASL llnALLS uLL SlCLC xv PAS1A llnALLS uLL xvlll lnlClAClCn uL LA LxAnSlCn CCLCnlAL ? Su 8ASL LCCnCMlCA uLL
1lC ML8CAn1lLlS1A LAS CSLSlCnLS Lu8CLAS SL CCnCLn18An Ln AML8lCA
SLCunuA lASL CCMlLnZCS uLL SlCLC xlx PAS1A 18801883 CA8AC1L8lZAnuCSL C8 LA 8LvCLuClCn lnuuS18lAL ? LA LvCLuClCn
uLL SlS1LMA ML8CAn1lLlS1A A un CAl1ALlSMC 8LMCnCCLlS1A SL 18AnSlC8MA LS1A CCLCnlALlSMC Ln lunClCn uL LCS
ln1L8LSLS uLL CAl1ALlSMC uAnuCSL un CAl1ALlSMC lnuuS18lAL Ln LS1A lASL LAS CSLSlCnLS SL uAn Ln ASlA CCLAnlA
Al8lCA
LA 1L8CL8A lASL SL 8CLCnCA uLSuL 188083 PAS1A LL llnAL uL LA SLCunuA CuL88A MunulAL CuL CC88LSCnuL A LA
LLnl1uu uLL CCLCnlALlSMC L lML8lALlSMC Lu8CLCS 8LLAClCnAuACS CCn LA C8An LxAnSlCn LCCnCMlCA L lnuuS18lAL
uLL CAl1ALlSMC MC nCCLlS1A CCCluLn1AL LS LA lASL LLnA uLL uCMlnlC CLl1lCA ? LA LxLC1AClCn LCCnCMlCA uLL C8An
CAl1ALlSMC L lM L8lALlSMC LS1A LxAnSlCn lML8lALlS1A SL CCnllCu8A Ln LA lC8MuLAClCn uL LCS ln1L8LSLS ? 8AC1lCAS
CCLCnlALLS 8lnClALLS A81lClAn1LS l8AnClA ! lL88? 183293 8LLClCA LLCCLuC ll 18331909 Ln l1ALlA C8 l C8lSl
18181901 C8An 88L1ARA 8 ulS8ALLl 18041881 ! CPAM8L8LAln 18361914 ? LS1AuCS unluCS 1 8CCSLvLL1 18381919
CAuSAS
LCCnCMlCAS MC1lvC 8lnClAL LCS ln1L8LSLS uL LA lnuuS18lA ? LL CAl1AL lML8lALlSMC LCCnCMlCC CCnSLCuLnClA uL LA
CLl1lCA CCML8ClAL L lnuuS18lAL
CLl1lCAS ? nAClCnALLS LL uLSLC uL LAS C1LnClAS Lu8CLAS uL lMCnL8 ? L!L8CL8 Su CuL8 Su 8LS1lClC MlLl1A8 ?
CLl1lCC Ln LA CLl1lCA ln1L8nAClCnAL AM8l ClCnLS ? 8lvALluAuLS CCLCnlALLS uL LAS C1LnClAS Lu8CLAS
CAuSAS SCClALLS ? ClLn1lllCAS LA MlSlCn SCClAL ? MlSlCnL8A CuL SL lM CnLn LCS Lu8CLCS C8 LA SuuLS1A
lnlL8lC8luAu uL LCS uL8LCS CCnSCulS1AuCS CuL MAnlllLS1An Ln Su Cu8lCSluAu ln1LLLC1uAL L ln1L 8LS CLCC8AllCC
CAuSAS luLCLCClCAS ? MC8ALLS ClvlLlZAuC8A 8LSLC1C A LAS SCClLuAuLS CC nSluL8AuAS l nlL8lC8LS SL uLllLnuL LA
SuL8lC8luAu CCCluLn1AL
lAC1C8LS
1LCnlCCS 8CCL8SCS ? AvAnCLS MA1L8lALLS uL LA 8LvCLuClCn lnuuS18lAL
LCCnCMlCCS ? llnAnClL8CS CAl1ALlSMC LxAnSlCn uL ML8CAuCS LxLC1AClCn uL MA1L8lA 8lMA
uLMCC8AllCCS SCClALLS C8LClM lLn1C uL LA C8LAClCn L lMlC8AClCn Lu8CLA
lAC1C8LS uL CLl1lCA ln 1L8nAClCnAL
MCuLLCS uL AuMlnlS18AClCn CLl1lCA uu8An1L LA LCCA
CCLCnlAS nC 1lLnLn CC8lL8nC lnulCLnA 8ClC ? uLLnuLn uL LA AuMln lS18AClCn uL LA ML18CCLlS A18AvLS uL
lunClCnA8lCS L lnS1l1uClCnLS 8LSuL1AuC uL CCnCulS1A ? CCuAClCn
8C1LC1C8AuCS Su8SlS1L ? AC1uA un CC8lL8nC lnulCLnA CuL LS 8LSL1AuC C8 LL CuL8 uL LA ML18CCLlS ? CuL C8LA
unA AuMlnlS18AClCn A8ALLLA CuL 8C1L!L AL AlS ? LC 8L8LSLn1A Ln LL Lx1L8lC8
1L88l1C8lCS ML18CCLl1AnCS uL uL18AMA8 LS1CS !u8lulCA ? AuMlnlS18A1lvAMLn1L SL LCulA8An A LA ML18CCLl ?
lC8MAn A81L uL LA MlSMA Ln 1CuCS LCS LlLC1CS
1lCS uL CCLCnlAS
C8LAMlLn1C nuML8CSA C8LAClCn uL C8lCLn Lu8CLC CuL SL LS1A8LLCLn Ln lC8MA L8MAnLn1L ? CuL SL lMCnL SC88L
LCS LSCASCS lnulCLnAS
LxLC1AClCn LxLC1AClCn uL SuS 8LCu8SCS nA1u8ALLS CCn MA?C8lA uL C8LAClCn lnulCLnA ? unA MlnC8l1A8lA
C8LAClCn Lu8CLA CCn CA8CCS AuMlnlS18A1lvCS ? CuL nC 1lLnuL A L8MAnLCL8 Ln LA CCLCnlA
AC1lvluAu CCLCnlAL Lu8CLA 1763 PAS1A AL8LuLuC8 uL 1873
Ln 1760 LCS ACCn1LClMlLn1CS uLLlnLAn unA nuLvA L1AA uL LxAnSlCnlSMC Lu8CLC ? Ln LL AlS MAS Lxl1CSC ?
CCnS18uC1C8 uL lML8lCS lnCLA1L88A A CCnSLCuLnClA uL LA 8Lv lnuuS18lAL ? LA vlC1C8lA SC88L l8AnClA Ln LA CuL88A
uL LCS 7 ARCS ? CuL MA8CA LL8lnCllC uL L SLCunuC lML8lC 88l1AnlCC Ln LL 18A1AuC uL A8lS l8AnClA L8ulC CASl
1CuCS SuS 1L88l1C8lCS uL Su lML8lC CCLCnlAL MlLn18AS CuL lnCLA1L88A SL CC nvl81lC A LxCLClCn uL LSARA Ln LA
MA?C8 C1LnClA CCLCnlAL uLL MunuC
LS1C 8LA8C LA CCnCulS1A uL LA lnulA C8 lnCLA1L88A ? LA Lx1LnSlCn uLL ASLn1AMlLn1C lnCLLS Ln CAnAuA ? LL
CCCluLn1L uL Lu 1AM8lLn 18A1A8A uL 8CML8 LL M C nCCLlC CCML8ClAL uL LSARA Ln AML8lCA LCC8A8 SuS ML8CAuCS
AulClCnALLS Ln ASlA ? Al8lCA Cu88lC LL AClllCC Su8 LL LL!AnC C8lLn1L LL A18LAn1lCC Su8 ? LA CCS1A uL Al8lCA
L8uluA uL LAS CCLCnlAS AML8lCAnAS
LA uLuuA nAClCnAL ACuMuLAuA uu8An1L LA CuL88A CCn l8AnClA PlZC CuL SL AuC1A8An nuLvAS CLl1lCAS lML8lALLS Ln
LAS 18LCL CCLCnlAS ? CC88C uL lMuLS1CS ln1LnSlllCAClCn uL LAS 8LS18lCClCnLS ML8CAn1lLLS lM CSlClCn uL ll8MLS
MLuluAS CCn18A LL CCn18A8AnuC ? LA lMCSlClCn uL C8S1ACuLCS Ln LL CCML8ClC LAS 1LnSlCnLS CLnL8AuAS C8 LS1A
CLl1lCA ln1LnSlllCA8Cn LA C8LSlCn uL AMLlCS SLC1C8LS uL LA C8LAClCn CCLCnlAL AuLMAS uL LA MLnC8 nLCLSluAu uL
AC?C MlLl1A8 A8A lnCLA1L88A ? LL AC?C uL LCS 8LvCLuClCnA8lCS l8AnCLSLS ? LSARCLLS luL8Cn LL C8lCLn uL LA
CuL88A nC81LAML8lCAnA uL lnuLLnuLnClA /177386)
CCnCulS1A uL LA lnulA
LA LSAulLLA uL LA lnuLLnulLnClA nC81LAML8lCAnA CCnS1l1u?C unA uLSvlAClCn uL LCS ln1L8LSLS lML8lALLS 88l1AnlCAS
PAClA C18AS 8LClCnLS LA CCLCnlZAClCn uL AuS18ALlA LS un L!LMLC LA CCnCulS1A uL LA lnulA CCMLnZC CCn LA 1CMA uLL
CCn18CL uL LA 8CvlnClA uL 8LnCALA uLSuLS uL LA 8A1ALLA uL LASSL? 1737 ? uLSuLS uL LA CAnCLLAClCn uL LA
lnlLuLnClA l8AnCLSA Ln LL CCLAnC lnulCC
LCS uL1lMCS uL8LCS PlnuuLS luLCS MA8A1PAS luL8Cn uL88C1AuCS uLllnl1lvAMLn1L Ln 1803
A8A 1813 A LSA8 uL LA L8uluA uL LAS 13 CCLCnlAS lnCLA1L88A 1LnlA un SLCunuC lML8lC CuL A8A8CA8A uLSuL CAnAuA
? LL CA8l8L Ln LL PLMlSlL8lC CCCluLn1AL AL8LuLuC8 uLL CA8C uL 8uLnA LSL8AnZA PAS1A LA lnulA ? Au18ALlA LS1L lML8lC
LS1A8A SCS1LnluC C8 LA luL8ZA MA8l1lMA CuL LxCLulA A CuALCulL8 AlS Lu8CLC
uLCAuLnClA uL LCS lML8lCS LSARCL ? C81uCuLS
A LxCLClCn uL LCS uLMAS AlSLS Lu8CLCS LSARA ? C81uCAL CA?L8Cn Ln uLCAuLnClA LA CCASlCn A8A LA
uLSCCLCnlZAClCn LA AC81A8Cn LAS CuL88AS nACLLCnlCAS LL CCuAClCn l8AnCLSA uL LA LnlnSuLA l8L8lCA Ln 1807
CCM8lnAuA CCn LCS SlCulLn1LS ARCS uL ln1LnSA CuL88A AlSLC A LAS CCLCnlAS uL Su MAu8L A18lA Ln uCnuL PlZC
L8uClCn MCvlMlLn1CS nAClCnALlS1AS 8LvCLuClCnLS uL lnuLLnuLnClA ? CuL88AS ClvlLLS ? LAS ML18CCLlS nC uulL8Cn
Lvl1A8LC C8 lAL1A uL 8LCu8SCS A8A Su8lMl8 LAS CuL88AS lnSu8CLn1LS lnCLA1L88A uuC PA8L8 ln1L8vLnluC Ln
8LSALuC uL LSARA ? C81uCAL L8C SL nLCC uLS LL CCML8ClC 88l1AnlCC CCn AML8lCA uLL Su8 SL PA8lA ln1LnSlllCAuC
C8 LC 1An1C LCS l nCLLSLS lAvC8LClAn LA lnuLLnuLnClA ? Su ln1L8LS L8A LL CCML8ClC ? Su lnvL8SlCn
nuLvAS C1LnClAS CCLCnlALLS
LAS nuLvAS nAClCnLS CuL 8uSCA8An CCLCnlAS L8An ALLMAnlA LS1AuCS unluCS 8LLClCA 8uSlA l1ALlA ? !ACn
Su8ClMlLn1C uL LAS nuLvAS nAClCnLS lnuuS18lALlZAuAS
LL nuLvC lnuuS18lALlSMC Ln CuL SC88LSALlA LA lnuuS18lALlZAClCn uLL ACL8C LnL8ClA LLLC18lCA ? L18CLLC LA CulMlCA
lnuuS18lAL ? LAS MACulnAS uL CCM8uS1lCn ln1L8nA SL uLSA88AMC C8 Lu8CA CCCluLn1AL ? LS1AuCS unluCS ? !ACn
LL nuLvC MlLl1A8lSMC ? LA ln1LnSlllCAClCn uL LA 8lvALluAu CCLCnlAL MA8CA8CnLL llnAL uL LAS CCnulClCnLS
8LLA1lvAMLn1L AClllCAS uL MLulAuCS uLL SlCLC xx
LnL18AClCn uLL CCCluLn1L Ln ASlA
LA LxAnSlCn 8uSA PAClA LL C8lLn1L
AL llnAL uLL SlCLC xlx LAS nAClCnLS Lu8CLAS ? !ACn uLSA88AMA8Cn Su lnlLuLnClA ? CCn18CL Ln ASlA 8uSlA luL LA
C1LnClA CCuAn1L Cu?AS CCnCulS1AS ASlA1lCAS luL8Cn Ln 1lL88A ll8ML uLS CCnCulS1C Sl8L8lA ? LxAnulC Su
CCML8ClC CCn CPlnA LA CuL88A uL C8lMLA 183336 LL CCn1uvC uL SuS ASl8AClCnLS A LCS 8ALCAnLS ? C8lLn1L LA
AuCulSlClCn uL ASlA SL LLLvC Ln CuA18C ul8LCClCnLS Sl8L8lA LL LL!AnC C8lLn1L LL CAuCASC ? ASlA CLn18AL
lnCLA8L88A ? 8uSlA LS1A8An ALA8MAuAS C8 LAS l8Cn1L8AS 8uSAS ? LA LxAnSlCn uL LA lnulA 8LSLC1lvAMLn1L LA
uLLlMl1AClCn uL LA l8Cn1L8A nC81L uL AlCAnlS1An L8SlA CuLuC C8CAnlZAuC Ln LA ll8MA uLL 18A1AuC AnCLC 8uSC
1907 A8A ulvlul8 L8SlA Ln uCS LSlL8AS SLA8AuAS uL lnlLuLnClA uL!AnuC unA nAClCn L8SA lnuLLnulLn1L
LA LnL18AClCn uLL 1L88l1C8lC C PlnC 8Cuu!C CPCCuLS Ln LAS C1LnClAS lML8lALlS1AS LS ASl CCMC Ln 1860 CuAnuC LCS
SCLuAuCS AnCLC l8AnCLSLS Ln18A8Cn Ln Lkln 1uClA luL CAAZ uL A88AnCA8 A CPlnA LA 8CvlnClA uLAMu8 ? 8lvlLLClCS
LSLClALLS Ln MAnCPu8lA 8uSlA SL ACuL8C uL LA CCS1A nC81L uL CC8LA ? lunuC LA CluuAu uL vLA ulvCS1Ck
8LA81lClCn uL CPlnA
LAS l8Cn1L8AS CCLCnlALLS SL 8LA81lL8Cn CPlnA uL LA SlCulLn1L MAnL8A PCLAnuA Ln lnuCnLSlA l8AnClA Ln lnuCCPlnA (
vlL1nAM LACS CAM8C?A) L lnCLA1L88A Ln MALA?A 8l8MAnlA ? 8C8nLC LxlS1lAn 18LS 1lCS uL uCMlnAClCn unA LS LA
LxAnSlCn ulSLRAuA A8A uL88C1A8 LA 8LSlS1LnClA A LA uCMlnAClCn Lx18An!L8A 8LlS1LnClA CuL ASuMlA MuCPAS lC8MAS
uLSuL LA 8L8LLlCn PAS1A LL SA8C1A!L LA Lx1LnSlCn uLL CCn18CL MlLl1A8 Ln LAS 8LClCnLS l8Cn1L8lZAS LCS ln1Ln1CS uL
LCC8A8 CCn18CL MlLl1A8 18A!L8Cn CCSlCC LA AulClCn uL A8LAS ? nAClCnLS vLClnAS LL CCML8ClC ? LL !uLCC uL luL8ZAS
uLL ML8CAuC LL 1L8CL8 1lC uL LxAnSlCn luL LL 8LSuL1AuC uL LA 8lvALluAu Ln18L C1LnClAS CCLCnlALLS
CPlnA L8A 8LSlCnAA C8 1CuCS LAuCS C8 AnSlCSAS C1LnClAS CuL CCML1lAn C8 Su CCML8ClC ? 1L88l1C8lC 8uSlA C8
LL nC81L lnCLA1L88A C8 LL Su8 ? CCCluLn1L l8AnClA C8 LL Su8 ? !ACn ? LCS Lu C8 vlA llLllnAS
CuL88AS uLL ClC
LA 8lML8A lASL uL LA LnL18AClCn A C PlnA SL LLLvC A CA8C C8 LAS uCS CuL88AS uLL ClC lnCLA1L88A PA8lA LS1AuC CC
M8AnuC 1L A CPlnA L8C 1LnlA CCCS 8CuuC1CS CuL A LS1A LL ln1L8LSA8An A MAnL8A uL ln1L8CAM8lC LL 1L CuL
lnCLA1L88A CCM8A8A L8A ACAuC C8 LAS LxC81AClCnLS PlnuuLS uL ClC ? ALCCuCn A CPlnA LA C8LClLn1L AulCClCn AL
ClC ALlMLn1C LL 8CCM uL LAS lMC81AClCnLS uL LA u8CCA ? uCnCu!C A unA uLSlAvC8A8LL 8ALAnZA ACAuA C8 SuS
8LSL8vAS uL LA1A LAS Au1C8luAuLS CPlnAS 8CP l8lL8Cn LL CCML8ClC uLL ClC LC CuL 8CvCCC CuL Ln !unlC uL 1840 LA
lLC1A lnCLLSA LMLZA8A LA CuL88A uLL ClC Ln LL 8lC CAn1Cn LCS CPlnCS CAl1uLA8Cn Ln 1842 uLSuLS CuL LA lLC1A
LLLCC AL ?AnC1ZL uL CuL SPAnCAl CA?C ? nAnklnC SL LnCCn18A8A AL ALCAnCL uL LCS CARCnLS 88l1AnlCCS LL 18A1AuC uL
nAnklnC LS1A8LLClC
LA CLSlCn uL PCnC kCnC A LA CC8CnA 88l1AnlCA
LA AL81u8A uL ClnCC uL81CS Ln LCS CuL LCS lnCLLSLS Cu8lAn 1LnL8 8LSluLnClA ? uL8LCPCS uL CC8lL8nC
LL uL8LCPC uL LCS CluuAuAnCS lnCLLSLS CuL L8An ACuSAuCS Ln CPlnA uL AC1CS C8lMlnALLS A SL8 !uZCAuCS Ln CC81LS
88l1AnlCAS
LA LlMl1AClCn uL uL8LCPCS uL lMC81AClCn ? LxC81AClCn A unA MCuLS1A 1A8llA
C18CS AlSLS 1CMA8Cn vLn1A!A uL LS1A lC8ZAuA AL81u8A CPlnA Ln unCS ARCS luL8Cn ll8MAuCS 18A1AuCS SlMlLA8LS
CCn LuA l8AnClA ? 8uSlA
LA 8LSlS1LnClA !ACnLSA A LA CCLCnlZAClCn LL Su8ClMlLn1C uL !ACn CCMC C1LnClA CCLCnlAL
!ACn luL LL unlCC AlS ASlA1lCC CuL LSCAC A LA CCLCnlZAClCn !ACn SL LnCAMlnC C8 LA MlSMA vlA uL
lnuuS18lALlZAClCn CuL Lu8CA ? LCS Lu ? Ln LuCA8 uL SL8 CCLCnlZAuC SL CCnvl81lC Ln unA C1LnClA CCLCnlAL
!ACn Lvl1C LA ln18uSlCn Lx18An!L8A SCLC ALLMAnlA 1LnlA un uLCSl1C CCML8ClAL Ln LA lSLA uL uLSPlMA CL8CA uL
nACASAkl
LL un1C uL LxAnSlCn uL !ACn L8A CC8LA L8C LC CCSlClCn uL C18AS C1LnClA CSuSC SuS AM8lClCnLS !ACn SL
LnvCLvlC Ln unA CuL88A CCn CP lnA 189493 AL llnAL CPlnA LL CLulC 1AlWAn LAS LSCAuC8LS ? LL Su8 uL MAnCPu8lA
LA uL88C1A uL 8uSlA A MAnCS uL !ACn Ln LA CuL88A uL 190403 8CC8ClCnC A !ACn LL A88LnuAMlLn1C uL LA LnlnSuLA
uL LlAC1unC LA A81A Su8 uL LA lSLA uL SAkPALln ? LL 8LCCnCClMlLn1C uL Su ln1L8LS CLnL8AL Ln CC8LA L8C lnCLA1L88A
? Lu lMlulL8Cn LA AnLxlCn uL MAnCPu8lA
Al8lCA
Al8lCA luL LL uL1lMC CCn1lnLn1L Ln SL8 8LA81luC luL un 8CuuC1C uLL nuLvC lM L8lALlSMC Ln 1700 CASl 1CuA Al8lCA
LS1A8A ulvluluA Ln 1L88l1C8lCS SLA8AuCS CCn18CLAuCS C8 nAClCnLS Lu8CLAS CCn LxCLClCn uL Ll8L8lA
8C1LC1C8AuC uL Lu MA88uLCCS CuL L8A l8AnCLS ? Ll8lA CuL L8A l1ALlAnC
luL Ln Al8lCA uCnuL ALLMAnlA lnC8LSC AL CLu8 uL C1LnClAS CCLCnlALLS ALLMAnlS Ln 188483 AnunClC SuS
8L1LnSlCnLS SC88L 1L88l1C8lCS Ln Al8lCA SuuCCCluLn1AL 1CCC CAML8un LA CCS1A uL Al8lCA C8lLn1AL l8Ln1L AL
ZAnZl8A8 8LLClCA L l1ALlA lnCLuSC C81uCAL ? LSARA LuCPA8Cn C8 1L88l1C8lCS Al8lCAnCS LA 8AluA CCnS18uCClCn
uLL lL88CCA88lL 8CC8ClCnC LCS MLulCS A8A unA CCnSCLluAClCn MlLl1A8 CLl1lCA ? LCCnCMlCA uL LCS ln1L8LSLS
CCn1lnLn1ALLS
l8AnClA Ln LL nC81L uL Al8lCA
l8AnClA L8A LA unlCA nAClCn Lu8CLA CuL PA8lA LS1A8LLCluC unA lMC81An1L CA8LZA uL LA?A Ln LL nC81L lSLAMlCC uL
Al8lCA An1LS uL 1880 l8AClA CA1u8C LA lC81ALLZA uL A8CLLlA Ln 1830 A8CLLlA SL LnCCn18A8A 8A!C LL uCMlnlC l8AnCLS
l1ALlA l8AnClA L lnCLA1L88A PA8lAn 8LS1AuC C8AnuLS SuMAS A LCS !LCuLS uCMlnAn1LS uL 1unLZ ? LCl1C A 1unLZ luL
A8A SLA8A8LC uL 1u8CulA LA lnCAACluAu uL LCS !LCuLS A8A ACA8 LA uLuuA Lx18An!L8A CCnuu!CA LA lnS1ALAClCn uL
lnSLC1C8LS C8 A81L uL LCS 8LS1AMlS1AS
LL 8CCLSC uL LCl1C luL A8LCluC C8Lul1C lAClL CCnSLuluC C8 Lu8CLCS 8AnCA88C1A CCn18CL C8 A81L uL
lnSLC1C8LS Lx18An!L8CS Ln LCl1C LA 8lvALluAu uL l8AnClA L lnCLA1L88A SL ln1LnSlllCC C8 LA CCnS18uCClCn uLL CAnAL
uL SuLZ LS1L CCnSlS1lA Ln un un1C LS18A1LClCC C8 LCS ln1L8LSLS MA8l1lMCS ? CCML8ClALLS uL LA ZCnA
lnCLA1L88A CCM8C LAS ACClCnLS uLL CAnAL AL !LCuL ? 1CMC lnlLuLnClA Ln LA ZCnA l8AnClA CCuAuA CCn LA CuL88A uL
1unLZ nC uuC Lvl1A8 CuL LS1A 1CMA8A LL CC n18CL 1C1AL uL LCl1C
CCLCnlAS Ln Al8lCA
AL 8lnCllC uCLC lnCLA1L88A l8AnClA ? C81uCAL CSLlAn CCLCnlAS Ln Al8lCA 18ClCAL SCLAMLn1L l8AnClA 1LnlA Ln LL l
n1L8lC8 A LC LA8CC uLL 8lC SLnLCAL LAS C18AS CCLCnlAS l8AnCLSAS LS1A8An A LC LA8CC uL CCS1A uL MA8llL uAPCML?
CA8Cn C81uCAL 1LnlA ALCunCS un1CS Ln AnCCLA MCZAM8lCuL ? CulnLA Ln CAM8lC l nCLA1L88A 1LnlA ZAnZl8A8 ? Ln
LA CCS1A CCCluLn1AL ZAM8lA CCS1A uL C8C SlL88A LLCnA
Ln LA CCnlL8LnClA uL Al8lCA CCCluLn1AL Ln 8L8Lln 1884 uCnuL LL 8L? LLCCLuC ll uL 8LLClCA 8LCCnCClC LL LS1AuC Ll88L
uLL CCnCC AunCuL CC8L8nAuC C8 LL ALLMAnlA SL CCnCLn18C Ln 1CCC ? CAML8un lnCLA1L88A SL CCn CLn18C Ln
nlCL8lA ? l8AnClA 18A1A8A uL AuMLn1A8 SuS CSLSlCnLS Ln LL LACC CPAu uLSuL A8CLLlA PAS1A LL CC nCC
LA 8Lu8LlCA SuuAl8lCAnA uL 18AnSvAAL CCLCnlA uLL CA8C AC?AuA C8 ALLMAnlA L lnCLA1L88A

LL CCnClL81C Lu8CLC 18141830
llnAL uLL lML8lC nACLLCnlCC
LSLLnuC8 uL 1809 A 1812 CLn18C uLL lML8lC l8AnClA 8LLClCA PCLAnuA nC8LS1L uL ALLMAnlA 8LnAnlA lAMCn1L
1CSCAnA ? 8CMA SL8vl8A A8A LxAnul8 LAS luLAS 8LvCLuClCnA8lAS l8AnCLSAS
LA uL88C1A SL ulC Ln ulClLM88L uL 1812 Ln LA CAM ARA 8uSA
LA CAMARA 8uSA
8uSlA ? l8AnClA 1LnlAn 1LnClCnLS PACL8CA uL LA CuLS1lCn uL CLCnlA C8 LC CuL nACLLCn LM8LnuL LA CAMARA Sln
uLCLA8A8 LA CuL88A A 8uSlA LA CuL88A SL ALA8CA C8CuL 8uSlA nC SL 8lnuL Aun CuL LS1A lnvLuluA PAS1A MCSCu
nACLLCn nC uLuL SCS1LnL8 unA CuL88A LA8CA ? SL 8L1l8A LL 19 uL CC1
CuL88AS uL Ll8L8AClCn SL CCnllCu8A Ln 1812 unA ALlAnZA An1lnACLLCnlCA CuL LAn1LAn LAS CuL88AS uL Ll8L8AClCn LA
CuAu8uLL ALlAnZA lC8MAuA C8 8uSlA AuS18lA 8uSlA L lnCLA1L88A Ln LSARA CCu88L unA CuL88A uL CuL88lLLAS CCn
LA A?uuA uL WLLLLlnC1Cn ? Ln ALLMAnlA LLvAn1AMlLn1CS 8uSlA ll8MA CCn 8uSlA LL AC1C uL 1Au8CCCLn Ln ulC 1812
C8An 88L1ARA SuLClA ? AuS18lA SL unLn Ln LL vL8AnC uL 1813 CCn18A nACLLCn LL C8An l ML8lC SL uLSMC8CnA
LA CAMARA uL l8AnClA LCS ALlAuCS 1CMAn Ln 1814 A8lS ? LS1A CAl1uLA LL 31 uL MA8ZC
LCS ClLn ulAZ LLAMACS LCS ClLn ulAS AL uL1lMC ln1Ln1C n ACLLCnlCC uL CA8lA8 LA Sl1uAClCn Ln 1813 MlLn18AS SL 8LunL
LL CCnC8LSC uL vlLnA nACLLCn 8LC8LSA A l8AnClA ? 8LS1A8LLCL LL CC8lL8nC lML8lAL 8LC8CAnlZA A Su L!L8Cl1C LCS
ALlAuCS C8CAnlZAn unA 8A1ALLA uLClSlvA Ln 8LLClCA LluL8LAuA C8 WA1L8LCC ? LA uL88C1A uLllnl1lvA uL nACLLCn SL
uA LL 22 uL !unlC uL 1813 LS uLC81AuC A SAn1A LLLnA uCn1L MC8lA8A LL 3 uL MA?C uL 1821
LL CCnC8LSC uL vlLnA LCS vLnCLuC8LS uL nACLLCn SL 8LunLn Ln vlLnA uLS uL SL1lLM88L uL 1814 PAS1A !unlC uL 1813
8LS1Au8AClCn
LA 8LS1Au8AClCn LS un MCvlMlLn1C CuL uCnA C8 LA MCnA8CulA A8SCLu1A LS CCnSL8vAuC8 ? vA Ln CCn18A uLL
Ll8L8ALlSMC LA nLCAClCn uL LCS uL8LCPCS uLL PCM88L
8lnCllCS uL LAS nLCCClAClCnLS uLL CCnC8LSC
8lnCllC uL LCulLl88lC uL LAS C1LnClAS CuL CA8An1lZA LA AZ
LL 8lnCllC uL LLCl1lMluAu MCnA8CulCA
LL 8lnCllC uL ln1L8vLnClCn uL LAS C8AnuLS C1LnClAS Ln LCS ASun1CS ln1L8nCS uL LCS C18CS AlSLS A MLuluA CuL unA
Sl1uAClCn AlLC1A8A LL LCulLl88lC CLnL8AL
SL ll8MC LL AC1A uLL CCnC8LSC LL ulA 9 uL !unlC
C1LnClAS A81lClAn1LS
AuS18lA LA Anll18lCnA ? LL L!L uL LA Ln1A8CulA 8AnuL8A uLL LCulLl88lC CCn1lnLn1AL ASlS1lL8Cn LL l8AnClSCC l ? LL
8lnClL CLLMLnS LC1PA8 vCn ML11L8nlCP MlnlS18C uL ASun1CS Lx1L8lC8LS
8uSlA C1LnClA Ln 8CCLSC LxAnSlvC LL ZA8 ALL!Anu8C l LL 8uSllAnC vCn S1Lln Su MlnlS18C uL ASun1CS Lx1L8lC8LS
nLSSLL8CuL S1Lln LL CLACC CZA81C8?Sk?
C8An 88L1ARA LA C8An C1LnClA A1LAn1lCA uL Lu8CA C8LClLn1L CuL8 LCCnCMlCC Su 8L8LSLn1An1L LS CAS1LL8LACP
8uSlA C1LnClA LML8CLn1L CCn 8C?LCClCn AL lu1u8C lLuL8lCC CulLLL8MC lll CCn LL CAnClLLL8 8l nClL !A8uLn8L8C
CLl1lCC vL1L8AnC ? LL LlnCulS1A PuM8CLu1 PL8MAnC uLL CLCC8AlC
l8AnClA vLnCluA PA8lA vuLL1C A SuS l8Cn1L8AS PAS1A An1LS uL 1792 LL 8C1ACCnlS1A LS 1ALLL?8Anu MlnlS18C uL
ASun1CS Lx1L8lC8LS 8LCuL8A Su ALL uL C1LnClA
Ln LS1A 8LunlCn LCS A81lClAn1LS SL 8LA81lL8Cn CLCnlA CuL CuLuA Ln Au18lA 8uSlA ? 8uSlA CSnAlA A 8uSlA
AuS1l8A CCn CALl1ZlA ? LL 8LlnC uL CLCnlA 8A!C 8uSlA
LCS LS1AuCS l1ALlAnCS
LS1CS SL8lAn SC8L8AnCS SALvC LCS Ln18LCAuCS A AuS18lA LCM8A8ulA vLnLClA LL 1l8CL ? LAS 8CvlnClAS lLl8lAS
ALLMAnlA LA CCnlLuL8AClCn CL8MAnA CuLuC CCnS1l1uluA C8 38 LS1AuCS 8uSlA 8AvlL8A Wu81LM8L8C SA!CnlA ?
PAnnCvL8 LL lML8lC AuS18lACC lC8MA A81L uL LA CCnlLuL8AClCn ? 8LSluL
SuLClA SLCul8A 1LnlLnuC AL 8L? CA8LCS xlv lL8uL llnLAnulA CuL ASA A 8uSlA ? CML8AnlA A 8uSlA A CAM8lC nC8uLCA
SL lnCC8C8A A LA CC8CnA SuLCA ulnAMA8CA 8LCl8L 1L88l1C8lCS ALLMAnLS SCPLLSWlC PCLS1Lln LAvLn8u8CC PCLAnuA
CCnvL81luA Ln LL 8LlnC uL LCS AlSLS 8A!CS SL AuMLn1L Su 1L88l1C8lC A CCS1A uL 8LLClCA
SulZA LS LS1AuC nLu18AL
lnCLA1L88A LL CuLuA MAL1A LAS lSLAS !CnlCAS LL CA8C ? CLlLAn MAu8lClC ? 18lnluAu ? 1C8ACC Ln LAS An1lLLAS
LAS ALlAnZAS Lu8CLAS ? LA AZ A8MAuA
uLSuLS uL 1894 Sl 8lLn LAS uuuAS uLLLCulLl88lC Lu8CLC SCn uLSuL 1879 LL SlS1LMAuL LS18LCPAS ALlAnZAS A A81l8 uL
Ln1CnCLS SCLAMLn1L LCC8A8lA LA AZ MLulAn1L LA lMCSlClCn uLL 1L88C8 uLSuL 12894 PAS1A 1914 LAS C8AnuLS
C1LnClAS SL CuluA8Cn uL AL1L8A8 LL SlS1LMA uL ALlAnZAS ulSLRAuC CCn unA SL8lL uL CLAuSuLAS C8LlCA1C8lAS ?
ulSCnl8lLluAu uL L!L8Cl1CS uL 1ALLA CCnSluL8A8LL LS1C lunClCnA8lA uu8An1L ulLZ ARCS L8C AL CuL88A8SL ulC
nAClMlLn1C AL CCnlLlC1C MAS C8AvL PAS1A Ln1CnCLS LA 8lML8A CuL88A MunulAL
LA CLl1lCA MunulAL lMLlCA LA ln1L8ACClCn 1An1C Ln CCnlLlC1C CCMC Ln CCCL8AClCn un lLnCMLnC uL C8An
lMC81AnClA LS LAS ALlAnZAS MlLl1A8LS
ALlAnZA LS unA SCClAClCn lC8MAL uL LCS LS1AuCS A8A LA u1lLlZAClCn C 8LnunClA uL LA luL8ZA MlLl1A1 Ln Cl8CunS1AnClAS
LSLClllCAS CCn18A LS1AuCS CuL nC lC8MLn A81L uL LLLA CCMC MlLM88CS uL LA MlSMA
LAS ALlAnZAS nC uL8Ln SL8 CCnlunuluAS CCn C8CAnlSMCS ln1L8nAClCnALLS LS1AS SCn SlLM8L CCn llnLS uL SLCu8luAu ?
SL 8LALlZAn SCLC Ln18L LS1AuCS AuLMAS vAn ul8lCluAS PAClA LS1AuCS CuL nC SCn A81L uL LLLAS
LS1AS ALlAnZAS SL CA1LCC8lZAn Ln Ln1Ln1LS ? uL1Ln1LS Ln1Ln1L lMLlCA LSLC1A1lvAS uL A?uuuA Mu1uA ? 8LuuCClCn uLL
C CnlLlC1C uL1Ln1L CCnSlS1L Ln LCC8A8 LA ulSMlnuClCn uL LA 1LnSlCn AunCuL L8MAnLZCAn LCS MlLM88CS CCMC
AuvL8SA8lCS LA nLu18ALluAu nC 1CMA8 A81luC Ln CASC uL A1ACuL uLuL SL8 1AM8lLn unA CClCn uLn LA ll8MA uL unA
ALlAnZA
LL A18Cn uL ALlnlAMlLn1C Ln Lu8CA Ln LA uLCAuA uL 187 LS Sln uuuA un L!LMLC uL LS1A CLl1lCA LxlS1lAn uCS L!LS
CLn18ALLS uL Lnl8Ln1AMlLn1C l8AnClA ? ALLMAnlA uL8luC A ALSAClA ?L C8LnA AuS18lAPunC8lA ? 8uSlA C8 LCS
8ALCAnLS l8AnClA L lnCLA1L88A C8 ln1L8LSLS CCLCnlALLS lnCLA1L88A ? 8uSlA C8 LA LxAnSlCn uLSuL CCnS1An1lnCLA
PAS1A CPlnA Ln ASun1CS CCLCnlALLS SL ALlnLA8Cn ASl
lnCLA1L88A CCn18A 8uSlA ? l8AnClA
Ln ASun1CS C C n1lnLn1ALLS ALLMAnlA ? AuS18lA CCn18A 8uSlA ? l8AnClA
SlS1LMA uL ALlAnZAS
1882 18lLL ALlAnZA
CCn1lnuluAu uLL 18A1AuC AuS18CALLMAn ll8MAuC 1879 l1ALlA SL unlC A LA ALlAnZA CL8MAnC AuS18lACA Ln 82
lC8MAClCn CuL SL8lA CCnCCluA CCMC LA 18lLL ALlAnZA 8LnCvAuA Ln 1907 ? 1912
1893 ALlAnZA l8AnCC8uSA
LA Ln1Ln1L l8AnCC 8uSA uL 1891 LS1A8LLClA LA CCn SuL1A Mu1uA Ln LL CASC uL AMLnAZA uL AC8LSlCn A unA uL LAS
C1LnClAS
1902 ALlAnZA AnCLC!ACnLSA
LA nLCCClAClCnLS A8A unA ALlAnZA AnCLC CL8MAnA SL ACC1A8Cn Ln 1901 L8C C8An 88L1ARA ll8MC unA ALlAnZA
uLlLnSlvA CCn !ACn
1904 Ln1Ln1L CC8ulAL C8An 88L1ARA ? l8AnClA
un ACuL8uC MLnCS lC8MAL LS1A Ln1Ln1L ALCAnZAuA Ln18L AM8CS AlSLS ZAn!C ullL8LnClAS CCLCnlALLS SC88L LCl1C ?
MA88uLCCS C8An 88L1ARA ? 8uSlA CCnCLLA8Cn SuS 8LLAClCnLS LSL MlSMC ARC C8 un lnCluLn1L ( LL uCCCCL8 8Ank) LL
unulMlLn1C uL un A88AS18L8C 88l1AnlCC C8 LCS 8uSCS ALLMAnlA 18A1C uL nLCCClA8 CCn 8uSlA L8C l8ACASC
1907 Ln1Ln1LS AnCLC 8uSA
8uSlA ? lnCLA1L88A lnlClA8Cn un ACL8CAMlLn1C LL Ln1Ln1L uSC lln A unA SL8L uL ulSu1AS lML8lALLS CuL CCnCL8nlAn
LCS 1L88l1C8lCS uL L8SlA 1l8L1 ? AlCAnlS1An CCLLC1lvAMLn1L l8AnClA C8An 88L1ARA ? 8uSlA ln1LC8A8Cn Ln1CnCLS LA
18lLL Ln1Ln1L ? Ln1CnuLS Lu8CA SL LnCCn18C ulvluluA Ln uCS l8Ln1LS uL ALlAnZA L8MAnLClLnuC uL LS1L MCuC PAS1A
1914
8lML8A CuL88A MunulAL
CAuSAS LAS vlCC8CSAS MAnllLS1AClCnLS uLL SLn1lMlLn1C nAClCnAL 8A!C LA lC8MA uL nAClCnALlSMCS LxAnSlCnlS1AS uL
LCS C8AnuLS LS1AuCS
LA 8lvALluAu uL LCS ln1L8LSLS LCCnCMlCCS ? llnAnClL8CS
LCS LS1AuCS 1LnlAn LL uL8L8 uL CnL8 Su L!L8Cl1C ? Su lLC1A Ln CSlClCn uL Al8Cn1A8 LA CuL88A

uL1CnAn1L
Ln 1914 LL 28 uL !unlC LL ASLSlnA1C C8 un 8CSnlC uLL A8CPluuCuL PL8LuL8C uL AuS18lAPunC8lA l8AnClSCC lL8nAnuC
Ln SA8A!LvC A88L LA C8lSlS ln1L8nAClCnLAL CuL CCnuuCl8A A LA CuL88A Lu8CLA LL CC8lL8nC AuS18CPunCA8C
8L8CCPA AL CC8lL8nC SL88lC unA CCMLlCluAu lnul8LC1A Ln LL A1Ln1AuC LnvlA un uL1lMA1uM A SL88lA ? uLSuLS uL
18LS SLMAnAS Ln LL CuL luL LA A81lClAClCn uL ACLn1LS uL LA CLlClA AuS18lACA Ln LA lnvLS1lCAClCn CuAnuC LL
CC8lL8nC 8LCPAZC LS1A CLAuSA AuS18lA PunC8lA LL uLCLA8C LA CuL88A 7 !uL 1914
LA CuL88A Au18CSL88lA 8CvCCC un CCnlLlC1C Au18C8uSC LL CC8lL8nC uLL ZA8 PA8lA ulCPC CuL nC uL!A8lA CuL SL88lA
luL8A ALAS1AuA ? LL ZA8 LL 30 uL !uLlC ulC LA C8uLn uL MCvlLlZAClCn CLnL8AL
Ln1CnCLS ALLMAnlA 8CCLAMA LL LS1AuC uL LLlC8C uL CuL88A ? LL 31 uL !uLlC ul8lCL un uL1lMA1uM A luSlA A8A LxlCl8
LA 8L1l8AuA ALLMAnlA luL A l8AnClA unA 8CMLSA uL nLu18ALluAu LL CC8lL8nC l8AnCLS SL 8LPuSA ? LMlLZA LA
MCvlLlZAClCn CLnL8AL LL 1 uL ACCS1C ALLMAnlA uLCLA8A LA CuL88A A 8uSlA LL 2 uL ACCS1C lnvAuL 8LLClCA A LSA8 uL Su
LS1A1u1C uL nLu18ALluAu LL 3 uL ACCS1C ALLMAnlA uLCLA8A LA CuL88A A l8AnClA C8An 88L1ARA C8 LA lnvASlCn A
8LLClCA Ln18A A LA CuL88A uLL LAuC uL l8AnClA ? 8uSlA L l1ALlA AunCuL ALlAuA uL AuS18lAPunC8lA uLCLA8A Su
nLu18ALluAu