Li ni u

Vin my IMI nghin cu ng dng Mechatronics trong cc lnh vc cng nghip, cng nghip c bit: thit k, ch to my, thit b, dy chuyn cng ngh mi trong cng nghip, thc hin dch v t vn u t, chuyn giao cng ngh v cc dch v khoa hc cng ngh khc. Trong qu trnh thc tp em c thc tp ti trung tm khun mu chnh xc v nha k thut. y l mt trong nhng trung tm pht trin mnh ca vin, vi vic p dng cng ngh CAD/CAM, gia cng trn cc my phay CNC, my ct in cc dy CNC, vo ch to khun mu v cc sn phm nha k thut cht lng cao c kh nng thay th sn phm nhp khu mang li hiu qu kinh t cao. Ti tung tm khun mu em c trung tm to iu kin cho nghin cu b iu khin ANILAM v cc ng dng ca n trong cc my CNC ng thi em c tham gia vo lp rp my ct tm kim loi Ga v Plasma CP 90200. Trong thi gian thc tp tt nghip vi s gip tn tnh ca cc thy c gio trong b mn, cc k s trong vin, cng vi s l lc ca bn thn em hon thnh t thc tp tt nghip v bn bo co thc tp. Tuy nhin do thi gian tng i ngn trnh chuyn mn cn hn ch nn bn bo co ny khng trnh khi thiu st. Em mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy c gio bn bo co ny c hon thin hn. Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn tn tnh ca thy Phan Cung, Vin my IMI v s gp qu bu ca cc bn sinh vin.

H Ni ngy 28 thng 1 nm 2004 Sinh vin

Chng I Tng quan 1.1 Gii thiu Ngy nay vi s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut gp phn gii phng con ngi khi cc cng vic nng nhc. Cng ngh thng tin ng vai tr rt quan trng i vi con ngi trong mi lnh vc, nh trong thng tin lin lc, trong ngnh khoa hc v tr, trong cng nghip... Chng ta bit nhng ng dng rng ri ca cng ngh thng tin trong cng nghip. Vi nhng nh my c quy m ln, ch cn mt vi cng nhn c th qun l c mt dy chuyn sn xut. Trong nhng cng vic i hi phc tp hoc trong mi trng lm vic c hi con ngi c th iu khin cc r bt thng qua chng trnh ci sn lm thay cho h. Mt ng dng quan trng na ca cng ngh thng tin trong cng nghip l cc chng trnh iu khin cc my mc t ng nh my NC(numeric control), my CNC(Computer numeric control). iu khin cc my t ng th c ring mt ngn ng lp trnh ring cho chng gi l chng trnh iu khin logic (PLC- Programable logic control). 1.2 Chng trnh iu khin logic(PLC) Trc y to ra mt chic my t ng hoc bn t ng ngi ta phi xy dng cc mch logic cng. my c mt chc nng no con ngi phi dng rt nhiu cc thit b in, in t trung gian nhng nhn chung rt kh khn v gi thnh ca my s tng ln rt cao, my lm vic khng tin cy v ph thuc vo cht lng ca cc thit b. Ngy nay vi s tr gip ca my tnh v cc chng trnh iu khin logic(PLC) gim c phn ln cc thit b trung gian(r le trung gian), do nng cao tin cy v gim gi thnh my. Ph thuc vo i tng iu khin chia chng trnh iu khin logic thnh hai loi: Khi i tng iu khin cha bit r ngi ta phi dng logic m(Fuzzy logic). V d nh my git, trng lng qun o cho vo

git l khng bit trc, vi chic my git thng minh n a ra nhng chng trnh git ph hp vi trng lng qun o cho vo nhm tit kim thi gian, in, nc, x phng... Khi i tng iu khin r rng ngi ra dng chng trnh iu khin logic thng thng(PLC). Hin nay cc my CNC thng tch hp lun c cc b iu khin PLC nng cao mc t ng ca my. Trn th gii c nhiu hng cho ra i cc loi PLC khc nhau nh Anilam Simens, Fanuc, Omron, Heidenhei... km theo l cc tp lnh khc nhau vit chng trnh PLC. 1.3 B iu khin Anilam B iu khin Anilam l mt b iu khin chuyn dng dng cho cc my cng c CNC(Computer numeric control). N l sn phm ca hng Anilam(M), trn tch hp c phn iu khin CNC(do hng vit) v phn iu khin PLC(dnh cho ngi lp trnh logic). Chi tit v tp lnh v chng trnh PLC c cp chng 2 v chng 3. Hng Anilam sn xut cc b iu khin CNC chuyn dng cho cc loi my cng c khc nhau: B iu khin 3000M: chuyn dng cho my phay 3 trc(X,Y,Z) v mt trc chnh(S). B iu khin 5300M: chuyn dng cho my phay 5 trc (X, Y, Z, U, V) v mt trc chnh. B iu khin 6000M: chuyn dng cho my phay 6 trc (X, Y, Z, U, V, W) v mt trc chnh. B iu khin 4200T: chuyn dng cho my tin 2 trc (X, Z) v mt trc chnh. Ngoi ra cn cc b iu khin chuyn dng cho my mi, my xung in cc...

Chng II Gii thiu cu trc b iu khin anilam Nh chng ta bit v ng dng ca my cng c trong cng nghip. c bit trong lnh vc cng nghip gia cng chnh xc th khng th thiu cc my cng c ni chung v my CNC ni ring. My CNC (Computer numeric control) l my cng c thng minh, n hot ng di s tr gip ca my tnh v gia cng cc chi tit nh cc chng trnh gia cng do ngi thit k hoc ngi vn hnh lp trnh(chng trnh gia cng c kh). Do cc c tnh u vit ca n nn cc chi tit c gia cng vi chnh xc rt cao, ng thi gii phng phn ln sc lao ng, c th sn xut hng lot v vy gi thnh sn phm gim i rt nhiu. cho my hot ng theo yu cu ca ngi vn hnh, trc ht phi c mt b iu khin CNC, sau phi c mt k s tin hc hoc k s t ng ha lp chng trnh lgic cho my (da trn cc cng vo ra c tch hp trn my). Sau y s gii thiu mt b iu khin c th(trong s rt nhiu b iu khin hin hnh). B iu khin Anilam ca M hin nay c s dng rng ri trong cc my CNC. 2.1 Phn cng

2.1.1

Cu trc mt h CNC
Vng phn hi vtr Phn hi vtr B u khi i n CNC ANILAM

Bn my

Trc v me t My pht xung ng cservo D y ai B u khi i n ngc

i p ph ng n n Phn hi tc (My pht tc) Vng tc

Hnh 2.1: Cu trc h CNC Hnh 2.1 l cu trc in hnh ca mt h CNC. N gm c: B iu khin CNC (ca hng ANILAM), y l b no ca my. B truyn dn iu khin ng c(ty thuc vo my cn bao nhiu ng c). Cc thit b: phn hi tc (tachometer), phn hi v tr(encoder). 2.1.2 Cu trc b iu khin Anilam Hng Anilam cho ra i rt nhiu h iu khin khc nhau dng chuyn dng cho cc loi my khc nhau. V d b iu khin 3000M, 5000M dng cho my phay CNC 3 trc v 5 trc . B iu khin 4200T chuyn dng cho my tin CNC. Cc b iu khin chuyn dng cho my mi CNC, my ct dy CNC, my xung CNC... Tuy cc h iu khin khc nhau v ng dng nhng chng c phn cng gn ging nhau, ch khc nhau v chng trnh np cho my. Hnh 2.2 th hin mt b iu khin CNC c th. B iu khin 4200T c dng chuyn dng cho my tin CNC. Phn cng ca my gm nhng phn chnh sau: Card my tnh v cc ph kin a, Card my tnh

2.1.2.1

2.1.2.2

y l b no ca my(k hiu IHV-745E), n c cu trc ging nh main ca my tnh PC. Trn card ny gm chip Vi X L Pentium 166MHz MMX v chip set ALI. DRAM ca IHV-745E l 8MB. b, cng cng ca b iu khin dng lu tr cc chng trnh CNC, chng trnh PLC v chng trnh gia cng ca my. Dung lng ti thiu ca b iu khin 4200T l 2,1G. Card DSP Card DSP l thnh phn rt quan trng v khng th thiu c ca cc b iu khin ANILAM. y cng l b phn phn bit cc b iu khin dng cho cc my chuyn dng khc nhau. Chc nng chnh ca card DSP l thu nhn cc tn hiu phn hi v tr ca cc trc thng qua encoder. Sau n s kt hp vi card my tnh v cc thut ton ca ngi lp trnh ni suy. V cng chnh n a ra cc tn hiu iu khin cc trc sao cho my vn hnh ng cng ngh.

B n p h m m r n g (T y chn)
M n h n h t i n h t h B l n n pg h m

m m

T ay quay i n t

C n g R S 2 3 2 m r n g

P a n e l i u k h i n

C n g m y i n

+ 5 , + /- 1 5 V D C
C n g CA N m v o /ra m r n g r n g

C n g v o /r a 1

CA N 1
COM1 VGA KYBD Floppy COM2 Parallel

CA N 0

C ard D S P

+24V D C

c a r d m y t n h

M B IO u c M ng

D li u

E ncoder

T n h i u i u k h i n t r c c h n h ng c tr c x , z

i n i u k h in m y

Hnh 2.2: B iu khin 4200T - ANILAM

Tn hiu iu khin

B i u k h in n g c

cng
K t n i m n g (T u ch n )

+5, +/-12VDC

C n g v o /r a 0

C th ly mt v d nh sau: Gi s ngi cng nhn cn phay mt hnh trn vi mt bn knh no , ngi ch cn a mt cu lnh vo chng trnh. Khi card DSP s kt hp vi card my tnh vi phn ng trn cn gia cng thnh nhiu cung trn rt nh (thc cht l cc on thng v cng b). Sau card DSP s xut tn hiu iu khin cc ng c tin bn ca cc trc X, Z chuyn ng ng thi theo cc on thng . ng thi tn hiu phn hi v tr(a t encoder v gn ng c) c a v card DSP. Card DSP li tip tc ni suy a ra tn hiu iu khin ng c. Qu trnh c tip din nh vy cho n khi gia cng xong chi tit. Nh vng phn hi v tr m sai s trong qu trnh gia cng khng ng k(c m). 2.1.2.3 ng c v truyn dn ng c v truyn dn l c cu chp hnh ca my CNC. Truyn dn l b iu khin ng c. N s nhn tn hiu iu khin t card DSP, sau tn hiu ny s c so snh vi tn hiu phn hi tc v iu khin ng c chy theo mt tc tu ngi vn hnh. ng c c dng trong my CNC l ng c servo, tc l n c gn encoder phn hi v tr v tachomet phn hi tc . Tn hiu phn hi v tr c a v card DSP ni suy. Cn tn hiu phn hi tc c a v truyn dn. Bn thn ng c s dch chuyn cc trc tin bn theo ng chng trnh gia cng. CAN I/O CAN I/O l cng vo ra logic(input, ouput). CAN I/O gip cho k s lp trnh PLC c th iu khin cc phn in cng ngh nh ti ngui, thay dao, bi trn... mt cch t ng. Mi CAN I/O c 10 u vo, 6 u ra s(Digital) v 1 u vo tng t(ADC). B iu khin ANILAM c 2 CAN I/O, nhng c th m rng ti a 4 CAN I/O na khi cn thit. 2.1.2.5 Ngoi vi v cc thit b ph tr Ngoi cc b phn chnh b iu khin ANILAM cn c cc ngoi vi nh: Bn phm ngi vn hnh lp trnh ngay trn my. Mn hnh phng 14 inch. mm ngi vn hnh np chng trnh gia cng nu lp trnh trn my PC, hoc np chng trnh PLC cho my. Cng RS 232 truyn d liu khi cn.

2.1.2.4

 Panel iu khin my. Cng kt ni mng khi c nhiu my CNC ni mng vi nhau. 2.2 Phn mm Phn mm CNC l ton b cc chng trnh c vit cho mt h iu khin CNC c th hot ng mt cch hiu qu. Hng ANILAM cung cp cho ngi dng 2 loi phn mm sau: Phn mm offline(offline software) y l phn mm cung cp cho ngi thit k hoc nhng ngi lp chng trnh gia cng. Ngi thit k sau khi thit k ra bn v c th dng phn mm ny chuyn bn v sang chng trnh gia cng, chy m phng... hoc lp trnh gia cng nu chi tit cn gia cng n gin. Phn mm ny c ci trn my tnh PC. Phn mm CNC(CNC software) Phn mm CNC gm cc thut ton ni suy, cc chng trnh to nn giao din gia ngi vn hnh v my. ng thi vi cc chi tit khng qu phc tp ngi vn hnh c th lp trnh gia cng ngay trn my. Phn mm ny c ci t trc tip trn my CNC. my hot ng c th khng th thiu c phn mm CNC. Tt c cc chng trnh gia cng, chng trnh PLC u chy trn nn ca phn mm CNC. Chng trnh gia cng Chng trnh gia cng l tp hp cc cu lnh hoc khi lnh do ngi thit k hoc ngi vn hnh lp to ra mt chi tit c th. Vi mt chng trnh gia cng c th thc hin nhiu nguyn cng khc nhau. Chng trnh gia cng c c im l d vit, d sa cha v d hiu. Chng trnh iu khin lgic Chng trnh iu khin logic hay cn gi l chng trnh PLC (Programable logic control) l chng trnh do ngi lp rp my CNC vit. Chng trnh ny cng vi chng trnh CNC lm cho my cng c tr nn hon thin hn, mc t ng ha cao. Chng trnh PLC s iu khin cc cng ngh ph tr cho my, nhng nu thiu n my s hot ng km hiu qu, khng linh hot v khng kinh t.

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.2.1

2.2.2.2

C th ly v d nh sau: Gi s mt my tin CNC c i dao gm 10 dao, mt chi tit cn phi gia cng bng 6 dao c khc nhau. Vi my tin CNC khng c chng trnh PLC ch c th s dng 1 dao c(v khng th thay dao c) th ngi vn hnh mi ln gia cng chi tit phi dng li g dao 6 ln s lm gim nng xut ca my nn gi thnh sn phm cng tng theo. Ngoi ra chng trnh PLC cn iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh khc nh bi trn t ng, ti ngui t ng... Chnh v tm quan trng ca chng trnh CNC nn chng ta s dnh hn mt mc gii thiu v cc tp lnh ca b iu khin ANILAM dnh cho chng trnh PLC(B iu khin ANILAM gi ngn ng lp trnh PLC ca mnh l IPI - Integral programmable intelligence). 2.3 2.3.1 Tp lnh v cch lp trnh vi IPI Gii thiu Chng trnh IPI thc hin nhim v thng qua phn cng l cc cng vo ra CAN I/O v cc thanh ghi. K hiu u vo/ ra Mi b iu khin CNC ca ANILAM c hai cng vo ra I/O nhng c th m rng ti a thnh 6 cng vo ra. Trn mi cng vo ra u c 6 u ra v 10 u vo s, 1 u vo tng t v ngun 24VDC. u vo c nh ngha nh sau: Xn:b, trong : X : ch ra l u vo n : ch ra l node no (n nm trong khong 0 -> 5) b : ch ra l u vo s my trong 10 u vo (b t 0->9) u ra c nh ngha nh sau: Yn:b, trong : Y : ch ra l u ra n : ch ra l node no (n nm trong khong 0 -> 5) b : ch ra l u ra s my trong u ra(b t 0->5) Cc thanh ghi Chng trnh PLC (IPI) s s dng 2 loi thanh ghi l: Thanh ghi logic : Ch ghi trng thi ng hoc sai(true/false). Thanh ghi s(numeric) cho php chng trnh PLC thc hin m, nh thi gian v thc hin cc php ton.

2.3.1.1

2.3.1.2

2.3.1.3

Cc thanh ghi a chc nng Thanh ghi a chc nng l cc thanh ghi dng cho mc ch chung. C 256 thanh ghi a chc nng c chng trnh IPI nh ngha t M0 n M255. Cc thanh ghi a chc nng t M0 n M63 c nh sn xut nh ngha trc v c dng cho cc mc ch c bit. Cc thanh ghi a chc nng t M64 n M255 c dng cho ngi lp trnh IPI lu trng thi hoc tr s ca mt bin.
ghi Thanh M0 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 S M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 Gn nhn SPINDLE POSN PWRFAIL FEED SVOFF ESTOP CARRY TRUE FALSE Mc ch(purpose) ng (true) khi trc chnh c th chy ng (true) khi CNC vo ng v tr Khng s dng ng khi ngun c ngun +24VDC CNC ang chy ch n dao ng khi b iu khin ng c cc trc khng hot ng(off) ng khi nt emegency-stop trn panel iu khin my ang tc ng Khng s dng

Lun lun ng trong sut vng qut ca chng trnh IPI Lun lun sai trong sut vng qut ca chng trnh IPI Khng s dng TCFINACK Nhn c khi qu trnh thay dao c kt thc ng khi trc Z hoc cc trc tin bn X, Y v tr home(v tr ban HOME u) SPLOOP ng khi trc chnh ch iu khin vng kn RUN ng khi CNC ch chy t ng(chy chng trnh gia cng) MAN ng khi CNC ch chy bng tay MFLAG ng khi nhn c mt m Mcode mi( v d M3, M4, M5...) MCODE M Mcode(v d M3 l quay trc chnh theo chiu thun) SFLAG ng khi nhn c mt m Scode mi(v d S300, S500...) SCODE M Scode(v d S300 th trc chnh s quay vi tc 300vng/pht) TCFINACK ng khi nhn c mt m thay dao(Tcode) TCODE M Tcode HFLAG ng khi CNC nhn c mt m Hcode mi HCODE M Hcode D tr TMACEND ZMACHPO V tr ca trc Z ang tnh n v l micron ZEROSPD C ny cho bit tc ca trc chnh c bng khng hay khng ATSPD C ny cho bit tc ca trc chnh ln hn 0 D tr D tr XMIT ng khi chng trnh IPI chp nhn d liu ca CNC FINISH ng khi cc m M, S, T hoc H kt thc SVOFLT ng khi b iu khin ng c b li FHOLD ng khi ch n dao b cm TCHGFIN Kt thc thay dao Set true khi dng chuyn ng, set false khi phc chuyn ng XSTOP ca cc trc

M38 M39 M40 M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50 M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56 M57 M58 M59 M60 M61 M62 M63

XHOLD MSG SPDANOV MREGRAN SPDGRCH CNCERR

KEYMASK SPIN100 SPDRPM SPDDIR HOMING LNFDLIM ROFDLIM SPDVOLT CMDRPM HWSTOP AUTOINH FEED100 XSTART TOOLNUM TLOBINO M19FLAG M19END SPRSTOP

Set true khi dng chuyn ng, n phm start khi phc chuyn ng ca cc trc Hin th cc thng bo ti mn hnh CNC D tr Cm trc chnh hot ng Hin th cc thanh ghi trn mn hnh CNC Di hot ng ca hp s trc chnh(4 di) CNC b li Khng s dng c s dng bi trnh IPI ly bit mt n ca mt s phm trn panel my Gi tc trc chnh l 100% Chy trc chnh vi tc tu iu khin trc chnh quay thun hoc ngc(3:quay thun; 4:quay ngc) Ch ra cc trc Z, X, Y ang chy home hay khng Chy cc trc X, Y, Z vi cc tc n dao tu Chy cc trc X, Y, Z vi cc tc n dao tu (tc quay) in p ra iu khin trc chnh( SPDVOLT=50 th in p iu khin trc chnh=0,05V) Set thanh ghi ny cm tay quay hot ng Set thanh ghi ny ln 1 cm CNC hot ng ch AUTO Set thanh ghi ny ln 1 gi tc ca tt c cc trc chy tc 100% Khi ng ngoi, hot ng ging nh phm START trn panel iu khin Kch hot dao c tng ng vi gi tr t vo thanh ghi Dng thay dao ngu nhin(t dng) Chn mode hot ng ca trc chnh l 1 chiu, 2 chiu hoc hn hp

2.3.1.4

Cc thanh ghi timer C 64 thanh ghi dnh cho cc b timer (T0 -> T63). Thi gian ca b timer c biu din bi h 10(v d TON 10 -> sau 1second th b timer s kch hot). Tp lnh
T ST Lnh C php Chc nng V d

Bng 2.3: thanh ghi a chc nng M0 -> M63

2.3.2

LD

LD[element]

Ti(load) gi tr trng thi ca element vo thanh ghi hin hnh. LD X1:1 ; ti Nu gi tr mi ca element l gi tr trng thi(hoc gi s, n c chuyn sang trng thi 0 tr s) ca X1:1 hoc 1(nhng gi tr khc khng). Ti vo thanh ghi hin bt k gi tr no tn ti trong hnh. thanh ghi hin hnh vo thanh ghi trc .

OUT

LDI

Ghi gi tr trong thanh ghi hin OUT Y1:0 ; hnh ti thanh ghi xc nh. Ch c trng thi ca OUT[element] cc thanh ghi a chc nng mi nhn thanh ghi hin c gi tr s, t c cc thanh ghi khc hnh c gi ti bin thnh trng thi. u ra Y 1: 0. Ti(load) gi tr trng thi o ca element vo thanh ghi hin hnh. Nu gi tr hin hnh ca thanh ghi c khi to, n s c chuyn vo LDI LDI[element] thanh ghi trc . Nu gi tr mi ca X0:2 element l gi tr s, n c chuyn sang trng thi 0 hoc 1(nhng gi tr khc khng). Kt hp c v xut ti mt ton MOV[element] hng. Thanh ghi hin hnh v thanh [element] ghi trc khng c s dng Ghi gi tr ca gi tr tng MVA[element] t(Ananalog) ti mt c chn vo [element] thanh ghi a chc nng. Ch c 1 u vo tng t ti 1 nt. Ti gi tr ca element vo thanh ghi hin hnh. Copy tt c cc gi tr tn ti trong thanh ghi hin hnh RD[element] vo thanh ghi trc . Nu element l s n c ti vo di dng s. Nu element l trng thi n c vo di dng trng thi. MOV X0:2 Y0:5 trng thi ca Y0:2 ging trng thi ca X0:2

MOV

MVA

RD

RD T20

AND

AND[element]

Thc hin php V logic gia gi tr trong thanh ghi hin hnh v gi LD (X0:5 OR tr mi element. Kt qu c lu li Y0:5) AND trong thanh ghi hin hnh. Thanh ghi (M100 OR X0:9) trc khng b nh hng. Thc hin php V logic gia gi tr trong thanh ghi hin hnh v gi LD (X0:2 OR tr o mi ca element. Kt qu c Y1:0) ANI lu li trong thanh ghi hin hnh. Thanh X0:3 ghi trc khng b nh hng. Thc hin php hoc logic gia gi tr mi element v trng thi trong LD X1:0 thanh ghi hin hnh. Kt qu lu trong OR X1:5 thanh ghi hin hnh, thanh ghi trc khng b nh hng. Thc hin php Hoc logic gia gi tr o mi ca element v trng LD X1:0 thi trong thanh ghi hin hnh. Kt ORI X1:5 qu lu trong thanh ghi hin hnh, OUT M55 thanh ghi trc khng b nh hng. Thc hin php V logic gia gi tr trong thanh ghi trc , gi tr trong thanh ghi hin hnh v gi tr mi ca element. LD ( X1:0 OR T20 ) OR X1:2 LD ( M100 OR X1:5 ) OR M125 ANB M70

ANI

ANI[element]

OR

OR[element]

10

ORI

ORI[element]

11

ANB

ANB[element]

12

ORB

ORB[element]

LD ( X1:0 OR M100 ) Thc hin php HOc logic gia AND X0:5 gi tr trong thanh ghi trc , gi tr LD ( X1:2 AND trong thanh ghi hin hnh v gi tr M50 ) AND mi ca element. X0:7 ORB ( T20 AND X1:5 ) Nu gi tr ca thanh ghi hin hnh l TRUE, th n c copy vo LD X0:2 thanh ghi ca element mi. Nu gi tr SET Y1:0 ca thanh ghi hin hnh l FALSE, Khi X0:2 l TRUE khng c hnh ng no xy ra. Lnh th trng thi ca ny dng cht gi tr mi ca Y1:0 c gi element lun mang gi tr TRUE trong trng thi TRUE cc vng qut tip theo ca chng cho n khi xut trnh PLC. Nu dng lnh MOV hoc hin lnh lnh RES vng qut tip theo ca RESET Y1:0 chng trnh c th xo c trng thi ca thanh ghi hin hnh. Lnh ny nhm reset element mi v trng thi FALSE. Nu gi tr trong thanh ghi hin hnh l TRUE, th trng thi FALSE c copy vo thanh ghi ca element mi. Nu gi tr trong LD X0:3 thanh ghi hin hnh l FALSE, khng RES Y1:0 c hnh ng no xy ra. Dng lnh MOV hoc lnh SET t trng thi ca thanh ghi hin hnh ln trng thi TRUE trong vng qut tip theo ca chng trnh. S dng theo cp. CTL thc hin CTL M95 logic V element xc nh vi tt c MOV M100 Y:0:2 cc ch dn tip theo cho ti khi n MOV X1:5 M75 khng c kch hot na. CTR s hu CTR cc ch dn CTL kch hot. Trong tt c cc vng qut ca chng trnh PLC, m gi tr trong thanh ghi hin hnh l TRUE, gi tr s mi ca element s gim i mt n v. Trong tt c cc vng qut ca chng trnh PLC, m gi tr trong thanh ghi hin hnh l TRUE, gi tr s mi ca element s tng ln mt n v. Khi to li cc ch dn. Khi to li b timer nu trng thi ca thanh ghi hin hnh l TRUE.

13

SET

SET[element]

14

RES

RES[element]

15

Kch hot : CTL/CT CTL[element] R khng kch hot : CTR[element]

16

DEC

DEC[element]

LD X0:2 DEC M80

17

INC

INC[element]

LD X0:2 INC M80

18

RST

RST[element]

RST T1

19

NOP

Khng c hnh ng no cthc hin. Lnh ny nhm lm tng thi gian thc hin chng trnh(tng thi gian ca mt vng qut). o gi tr ca element. o gi INV tr ca thanh ghi hin hnh khi khng Y0:4 c element no xc nh. Nu gi tr o trng thi ca c chuyn l s, n c chuyn sang Y0:4 trng thi trc khi o gi tr. IF : M u khi lnh c iu kin. CNC s thc hin cc lnh c ch dn nu trng thi ca thanh ghi hin hnh l TRUE. ELS : Nu trng thi ca thanh ghi hin hnh l FALSE th chng trnh s b qua khi lnh IF v thc hin cc lnh sau ELS. EDF : Kt thc ca khi lnh IF - ELS. CLP : M u khi lnh c iu kin. Thc hin cc lnh ngay sau CLP nu trng thi ca thanh ghi hin hnh l FALSE. Nhy ti ch dn EJP nu trng thi ca thanh ghi hin hnh l TRUE. EJP : Kt thc lnh nhy c iu kin. Dng xut ra mt m ca bn phm ti CNC. CNC s bin dch cc m ny tng ng nh khi ngi vn hnh n mt phm trn panel iu khin. LD Xn:b OTI Yn:b LD Xn:b OWI Yn:b Xut ra u output mt tn hiu cho n khi c tc ng ca u vo th ngng. Ngay lp tc xut ra u output mt tn hiu khi c tc ng ca u vo.

20

INV

INV[element]

21

IF/ELS/ /EDF

22

CLP/EJP

23

OKBD

24

OTI

25

OWI

Chng IIi My ct tm kim loi ga v plasma cp 90200 I. Tng quan My ct tm kim loi iu khin CNC l mt dng my cng c chuyn dng ct cc tm kim loi theo hnh dng bt k bng cch s dng nng lng dng nhit nng. Ngun nhit c th dng l ngun h quang Plasma hay ngun nhit ho hc sinh ra trong phn ng chy ca nhin liu (kh gas hay kh Acetylen) trong Oxy. Nh s dng nng lng dng nhit, nn cc

my ct kim loi tm c th ct c nhng tm kim loi c chiu dy rt ln: ti 100mm khi ct bng h quang Plasma, ti 250 mm khi s dng ngun nhit ho hc (khi ct gas). Vic chuyn ng ca m ct nhn c bin dng hnh hc bt k ca phi tm c thc hin nh b iu khin CNC (Computer Numeric Control). ng thi nh b iu khin CNC c kh nng giao tip vi ngun thng tin bn ngoi nh cng ni ghp RS232 hay a mn nn vic thay i bin dng ct tr nn rt linh hot v nhang chng, rt thun tin trong sn xut t ng v qun l cht lng sn phm theo chun ISO. Trn th gii vic s dng my ct kim loi tm iu khin CNC tr nn ph bin trong tt c cc ngnh cng nghip nh sn xut kt cu thp, xy dng cu ngc bit trong ngnh cng nghip ng tu, my ct kim loi tm ng vai tr nh l mt thit b chnh trong vic ng mi v tu. N loi b quy trnh h liu v phng dng v tu theo phng php truyn thng(o c v ly du trn tm phi) m s dng nhng k thut hin i nh Autoship; Autocad; v cc phn mm CAM cho vic lp trnh ct vt liu. Chnh v th, n nng cao c chnh xc v nng sut trong cng vic. Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng nghip ng tu, nhu cu v nhng my ct kim loi tm c ln (c b rng ct ln hn 6m) ngy cng cp thit. V vy, vic sn xut v cung cp cc my ct kim loi tm, iu khin CNC ang tr thnh mc tiu chin lc, di hn ca cc hng sn xut my cng c ni ting, nh hng KOIKE (Nht Bn),hng AMADA (Nht bn), hng FARLEY (M), hng SHARP (Php) v..v. Bn cnh , cc cng ty chuyn sn xut b iu khin CNC ang c nhng quan tm su sc n cc sn phm CNC dng my cho my ct kim loi tm bng cc sn phm CNC chuyn dng nh: Hng ANILAM (M), HAIDENHEIN (CHLB c), HITACHI (Nht Bn), FANUC (Nht Bn), FAGO (Ty Ban Nha) vv. V vy cc sn phm my ct kim loi tm iu khin CNC ngy cng tr nn hon thin v c tnh cnh tranh cao.

II. My ct Ga v Plasma CP90200 1. S nguyn l 2. Cu to v ng dng My ct tm kim loi Ga v Plasma CP 90200 bao gm 3 u ct Ga v mt u ct Plasma. Khi ct bng Ga s dng h thng iu khin khong cch bng ng c in (ng c trc X, ng c trc Y) v c kh cho php thao tc iu khin ln xung mt cch d dng. Khi ct bng Plasma s dng h thng xc nh chiu cao t ng in, m bo khong cch h quang lun khng i trong qu trnh ct. B ly hp ma st trong h thng iu khin khong cch m bo an ton cho cc ng c khi u ct gp cc s c nh: va chm gia u ct vi tm kim loi cong vnh khi ct. B chn t c kh m bo khong cch t u ct ti phi khng i, khc phc c s c cong vnh ca tm kim loi khi ct, m bo qu trnh ct n nh. Kiu dng my v mn hnh iu khin mang tnh m thut cng nghip cao. Truyn ng gia hai bn ng ray c s dng truyn ng trc c kh cho php hai bn chuyn ng ng nht, m i. My c Cabin iu khin to tin li cho ngi vn hnh. u im ca th h my ny l: bin dng chi tit ct c lp trnh mm nn rt linh hot trong sn xut, n ph hp vi mi loi hnh sn xut ,t sn xut n chic, sn xut lot nh,n sn xut lot ln. chnh xc theo yu cu cao ; Thay i bin dng chi tit ct linh hot,d dng; D dng to ra c ngn hng d liu cc chi tit ct; D dng xp xp hnh ti u, tit kim c vt liu; D c kh ho, t ng ho. Cht lng vt ct v nng sut cao ,khng ph thuc tay ngh . Nng sut ct cao;

Nhc im: i hi c i ng cn b k thut cao,cp nht thng xuyn vi nhng thay i ca cng ngh tin hoc, gi thnh cao.

Kt lun Sau thi gian thc tp tt nghip ti Vin my IMI vi s gip tn tnh ca thy gio Phan Cung v cc k s, cng nhn trong Vin my IMI em hon thnh c t thc tp tt nghip do nh trng ra. Trong thi gian thc tp ti Vin my IMI, Vin to iu kin thun li cho em tm hiu mt s cng ngh v ng dng cc cng ngh vo trong cc my sn xut qua em hc hi c nhiu iu m mt sinh vin cn c trc khi ra trng.